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Leading scientist: S. Žumer; Senior scientists: S. Kralj, H. van Midden, I. Muševič, J. Pirš, A. Prodan, M. Remškar,
M. Škarabot, M. Vilfan ; Younger scientists: M. Conradi, G. Skačej, D. Svenšek, A. Šarlah, A. Vilfan, R. Žitko;PhD students: B. Črnko, M. Humar, M. Ravnik, U. Tkalec, M. Viršek, A. Vrečko; technicians: I. Kvasić, S. Mendizza, S. Pirš, E. Zupanič;
9 FTEs
Physics of soft matter, surfaces, and nanostructuresJozef Stefan Institute University of Ljubljana
Research methods
Collaboration (local & international)Dynanamic light scatteringNMR & RelaxometryMagnetic field techniquesComplex optical tweezersMicrofluidicsTribologyCalorimetryLattice-Boltzman approach
Experimental tecniques
AFM STMOptical tweezersEllipsometryOptical microscopySEM &TEMVapor depositionLithographyUHV techniquesNanoparticle detectionSubstrate preparations in clean room Electro-optical studies
Theory, modeling & simulationsLandau - de Gennes approachTopology HydrodynamicsElastic theoryKinetic equationsTransport equationsMonte Carlo simulationsMolecular dynamicsSecond quantizationNumerical renormalization group
To establish basic equipment nearly a milion € was invested in 2004-08.
Publications 2004-08
• ~ 125 SCI papers (>15% - PRL, Advanced materials, Science) • 19 chapters in monographs published by international publishers• 3 edited books and proceedings published by international publishers
(Springer, Taylor & Francis, and Kluwer)• 7 international patents
~ 2300 - 1998-2008 papers ~ 7800 - all papers
Citations
Structural forces and 2D colloidal structures →2008
Assembling of 2D colloidal crystals in nematics
Science 313, 954 (2006) 2 Plenary lectures at 21th ILCC 06, Keystone, USA Plenary lecture at 9th ECLC 05, Lisbon, Portugal
Laser trapping of low refractive index particles in nematic LC
PRL 2004
2D dipolar colloidal crystal
2D quadrupolar colloidal crystalColloidal assembly
2D colloidal lattice with superstructure PRL 2008
Colloidal particles entangled by a nematic disclination line PRL 2007
Modeling Experiment
Structural forces and 2D colloidal structures → 2008
Formation via I-N thermal quench →
Entanglad chain:
Entangled dimer
Dipolar & quadrupolar
layersPossible applications of 1D & 2D structures:Light guiding and beam stearing
Colloids, complex mesophases,... 2008 →
1D colloidal chain → nematic colloidal optical microresonators
Application: Micrometer sized split ring resonator with negative resonant magnetic response
Hierarchical structures → meta materials
Entangled colloidal particlesdecorated by small conductive or dielectric particles
Nematic colloidal wire
assembling of superstructures
Transport of light along fluorescent colloidal particles, tightly entangled by defect lines, could be controlled by light.
Fluorescently-labelled colloidal microcavities, embedded in a liquid crystal.
Colloids, complex mesophases,... 2008 →
3D nematic colloidal structures: defect & disclination entangled
Possible applications of 3D colloidal crystals in photonics and plasmonics
Chiral nematic and blue phase colloids
BP2 and colloidal particles
Assembling & modeling
Colloids, complex mesophases,... 2008 →
Modeling of the responsiveness to external stimuli: temperature, ultra-violet light irradiation, electric or mechanical field…
• colloids covered with nematic shells: topological defect and colloidal valence control;
• Patterned colloidal particles
• Magnetic particles
• Dedrimers as building bloks
Fuctionalization of nematic elastomers
PRL 2008
5nm
Fuctionalization of colloidal particles
Motor proteins: Myosin V- mechanics, kinetics, coordination,branching behaviour (Biophys. J 2008)
Bio & bioinspired systems → 2008 →
Active swimmers: 2 ciliaPhys. Rev. Lett 2006
Novel motors (dynein)
Biomimetic ciliaN cilia, phase waves
Beating patterns
No. 1 ranked proposal to International Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) 2008 (collaboration: Leeds, Tokyo, Sendai, Ljubljana)
maximumefficiency
Liquid Crystal Applications → 2008
• Study of mechanisms affecting performances of LC light modulators :- Alignment surface influence on switching times- Ionic contamination/field screening/memory effects/degraded gray scale performance
[J. Appl. Phys. 2x, 2006, Displays 2004, SPIE 2004 , patent granted in EU and USA]
• Novel wide-view angel LC light modulators: Highly Twisted Light Shutters (HTLS)
- Concept, computer modeling, compensation, LC blending, prototyping eye protective filters - Technology transfer to spin-off company Balder Ltd yielded the best filter on the market- [SID Digest 2003, 2005, J. Appl. Optics 2008, 3 patents granted in EU, USA]
• Spin-off company of IJS, Balder Ltd:- World recognized producer of eye protective filters:
• 60% increase of sales in USA in 2007 (10% total)• Long term ( 4 years) no. 1 supplier to Germany (>25%),….
- Breakthrough into the sales network of ESAB – No.1 producer
of welding equipment in EU (2008)
TN LCD HTLS
Liquid Crystal Applications 2008 →
• Research of basic mechanisms affecting shutter performances: - anchoring energy of LC mono-layers on surfaces,- influence of adsorbed water molecules on the anchoring energy,
• High light-efficiency LCD light shutters: - Polarizer free LCD light shutters: Multilayer CLC light shutters &
electrically controlled polarizing filters (EU FP7 – pilot protection; invitation of EADS, FOI, Fraunhofer),- Ultra-high speed OCB light shutter for medical application (cooperation with Japanese company Yamamoto).
• Invitation to participate in ISO work group for “Eye protection standard” (ISO/TC94/SC6/WG2 in WG4): Only three World best producers were invited: 3M, Sperian, Balder!
• Nematic biosensor based on anchoring strength sensor: regular array of micrometer scale wells in a solid substrate filled with a nematic LC that are exposed to dispersions of biological molecules.
Inorganic nanotubes → 2008
WS2 “nanobuds” Nano Letters 2008
MoS2 peapods -“mama”- tubesAdvanced Matter. 2007
Possible applications:• tribology• catalysis• composite materials
Synthesis and characterization of new hybrid nanomaterials
Josef Stefan Institute “Spin-off” company
development, synthesis and commercialization of new nanomaterials
Detection of nanoparticles in air
Prototype based on our inovative idea
Participation in legislation process in nanosafety
EU projects:-Industrial FOREMOST (lubricants)- Industrial NANOSAFE2 (detection of oparticles)- IMPART (nanosafety)
- 3 national patents- 2 PCT patent applications
- Adv. Matter. 2004, 100 citations!
Drop of friction using MoS2 “mama”-tubes
Hybrid nanomaterials for use in tribology, solar cells, polymer composites and in catalysis.
MoS2 “mama”-tubes in TBAP
Photovoltaic effect in visible light
Kalin, SF-UL - Collaboration in legislation for safe nanotechnology
- Preliminary monitoring of polution with nanoparticles at exposed locations in Slovenia
Synthesis of new hybrid inorganic nanomaterials
Development of a new generation of a prototype for detection of nanoparticles;
- patent application
- cheap portable detector- commercialization
Inorganic nanotubes and nanoparticles 2008 →
Electrical mobility diameter
Nanotoxicity data for public use
Nanoparticle size distribution before and after opening a hard coating reactor (IonBond, UK)
Synthesis of ordered surface nanostructures → 2008
Cu(111) , T=9K 1nm
STM single atom manipulationTransport properties of nanostructures & Kondo effect
Low temperature STM addapted for single atom precision.
2 software packages have been developed :
• “SNEG” calculates in the framework of the 2nd quantization formalism.
• “NRG Ljubljana” efficient implementation of the numerical renormalization group technique.
Applications to clusters of impurities (quantum dots) 1 PRL, 6 PRBs
Atoms & Surfaces 2008 →
Spintronics using NMR-LT STM
Joint programme of developing a combined NMR-Low temperaqture STM instrument
Manipulation and spectroscopy of single/cluster atom magnetic impurities
Effects of single atom magnetic impurities on the surfaces of superconductors and magnets, the magnetic interaction between impurity pairs and local properties of larger impurity clusters will be studied.Chemical identification of single atoms, based
on local spin NMR measurements.
International impact
Last 4 years
• 30 invited and plenary talks at international meetings• 4 organizations of international meetings • 4 memberships in international conference boards • 2 memberships in boards of international societies• Editorial work for European Physics Journal E • 9 partnerships in EU projects 350 000 €
New• Samsung Mid-Career Award of the International Liquid Crystal Society (I. Muševič 2008) • President of the International Liquid Crystal Society (4 years starting July 2008- S. Žumer) • 3 partnerships (JSI-Muševič, FMF-UL-Žumer, Balder-Pirš) out of 9 in HIERARCHY ITN EU project starting September 2008 (4 years) - close to 1 000 000 € for Slovenian partners • Partnership in No. 1 ranked proposal to International Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) 2008 (collaboration: Leeds, Tokyo, Sendai, Ljubljana - A. Vilfan)
National relevance
Conclusions
Synergy
• of approaches: experiments, applications, simulations and theory
• institutional (IJS in FMF UL): lab facilities & source of new researchers
• personal (IJS, UL, UM, Balder, Nanotul)
• international (formal and informal collaboration)
Internationally competitive research with leading roll in some segments
Priority fields: nanotechnology, biotechnology & technology for informatics
A 10% increase in funding would enable:
• postdoc position,
• redistribution between research and teaching loads.
This would enable a full scale realization of our ambitious goals.