Eminent ScientistsSarah Jones

Albert Einstein - Physics

Einstein Quotes

“Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”

“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.”

“A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.”

Leonardo da Vinci - Physics & Biology

Leonardo da Vinci• Was an artist – he painted the Mona Lisa• Da Vinci was one of the greatest scientists to

ever live.• He was very interested in medicine and

conducted autopsies.• He was a gifted physicist and inventor– He drew aeroplanes, parachutes

and a type of helicopter hundreds of years before they were actually

constructed.

Alexander Fleming - Biology

Alexander Fleming• Bacteriologist• During World War I he set up a battlefield

hospital in France.• He encountered infections so drastic that

soldiers died quickly from them.• After the war Fleming searched for an

effective antiseptic.

• In 1928 he was straightening up a pile of Petri dishes where he had been growing bacteria.

• He noticed a dish had some mould growing on it.• All around the mould the bacteria had been killed.• Dr Fleming took a sample of

the mould and found it was from the penicillium family.

• Fleming produced the world’s first antibiotic.

Charles Darwin - Biology

Charles Darwin - Biology“Darwin's theory of evolution explains how species of living things have changed over geological time. The theory is supported by evidence from fossils, and by the rapid changes that can be seen to occur in microorganisms such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Many species have become extinct in the past and the extinction of species continues to happen.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/evolution/evolutionrev1.shtml

Antoine Lavoisier - Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier• Referred to as the ‘Father of Modern Chemistry’.• In 1788 he recognised and named oxygen. He

also discovered that water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen.

• He showed that in respiration, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is given off.

• Lavoisier showed that all substances can exist in three states: SOLID, LIQUID and GAS.

Marie Curie - Chemistry

Curie Quotes"I believe that Science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child confronting natural phenomena that impress him as though they were fairy tales."

"Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood."

Michael Faraday - Physics

Michael Faraday• In 1831 he discovered that

rotating a copper disk wrapped in wire between the poles of a magnet would produce an electrical current.

• He developed a primitive electric motor – ALL electrical appliances in the modern world are a product of this scientific development.

Nikola Tesla – Chemistry & Physics

Vice President Behrend of the Institute of Electrical Engineers "Were we to seize and eliminate from our industrial world the result of Mr. Tesla's work, the wheels of industry would cease to turn, our electric cars and trains would stop, our towns would be dark and our mills would be idle and dead. His name marks an epoch in the advance of electrical science." Mr. Behrend ended his speech with a paraphrase of Pope's lines on Newton: "Nature and nature's laws lay hid by night. God said 'Let Tesla be' and all was light."

Galileo Galilei - Physics

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/galilei_galileo.shtml

In 1609, Galileo heard about the invention of the telescope in Holland. Without having seen an example, he constructed a superior version and made many astronomical discoveries. These included mountains and valleys on the surface of the moon, sunspots, the four largest moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus. His work on astronomy made him famous and he was appointed court mathematician in Florence.

In 1614, Galileo was accused of heresy for his support of the Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of the solar system. This was revolutionary at a time when most people believed the Earth was in this central position. In 1616, he was forbidden by the church from teaching or advocating these theories.

In 1632, he was again condemned for heresy after his book 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems' was published. This set out the arguments for and against the Copernican theory in the form of a discussion between two men. Galileo was summoned to appear before the Inquisition in Rome. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, later reduced to permanent house arrest at his villa in Arcetri, south of Florence. He was also forced to publicly withdraw his support for Copernican theory.

Johannes Kepler - Physics

Johannes Kepler• In 1609 as an astronomer Kepler discovered

that the planets have an elliptical orbit.• He studied optics which is the science of light.• This included how and why telescopes

magnify things and how the human eye works.• He was the first to explain

why spectacles worked.

Sir Isaac Newton – Physics

Why do objects fall down (never up)?Why are big objects (generally) heavier

than little objects – and what is weight anyway?

• Newton explained gravity.• He developed a superior form of telescope.• Newton investigated the nature of light and

discovered that sunlight is made of different colours.

• Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

ROY – G – BIV • His most famous law ‘For every action there is

an equal and opposite reaction’.