Learning about language

1.Say the words according to explanations. 1 most things or people in a group …2 with the help of something …3 the state of being a slave 4 machine that flies, helicopter 5 group or mass of different things 6 belong to a certain country 7 a person who applies 8 point to, point out , show something; be a sign of something 9 put or set in or into something 10pay to use something, or to use someone's help

majorityby means of slavery

aircraft mixture nationality applicant

indicate

insert

hire

2.Answer keys for excise 1 on page 4:

Adjective Noun Verb Adjective Noun

major apply

national race

simple mix

curious illustrate

majority

nation(ality)

simplicity

curiosity

applied

racial

mixed

illustrative

application

race

mixture

illustration

3.Choose the words below to fill in the blanks, changing their forms if necessary.(page4)

My first holiday to Spain was a delight. The architecture and food there were exciting and the ____________of people s was very interesting. I found out more about that when I met Carlos. He is from a (an)_____________ family originally from South America and speaks excellent_________. Like the ________ of the Spanish, he is a ____________ and goes to church every Sunday.

mixture

immigrant

Spanishmajority

Catholic

He told me how his ancestors were forced into _________by the Spanish conquerors of South America. They had to deny their king, their ____________ and their gods when the Spanish arrived. The invaders were so cruel to the local population that eventually Carlos’ ancestors fled to Spain to ____________there. Now he and his family form part of the interesting mixture of peoples that make up the Spanish population.

slavery

nationality

make a life

Language Points1.California is the third largest state in

the USA but has the largest population.

形容词最高级表示“最”，与序数词连用表示“第几”

Mary is the tallest student in our class. 　 Tom is the second tallest boy in our class.

--- Ｗ hat the population of this city?---The population in the city 100million. 25% of the population of this city older than 60.The population of our country ___ very large.

isis

are

is

population 指人口总量时用单数，用 what提问，但指多少人口时用复数形式。

2.It is also the most multicultural

state in the US. . multi- 是一个常用的前缀，表示“多”。Can you give us more examples ?

3. However, it is likely that Native Americans

were living in California at least fifteen tho

usand years ago.

It is likely/possible/probable that …

sb/sth is likely to do sth

某人 /物有可能做某事

4. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.

means: a method or a way (of doing)

by means of: by using 依靠，凭借。1. The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but w

as caught.

2. The quickest means of travel is by plane.

prehistoric times 史前时期pre- 是一个前缀，

表示“前”，“先”，“预先”。

e.g prepay, preview, prejudge, pretell

5.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.

forced into slavery: 被迫成为奴隶

1)Thousand, hundred, million, dozen, score 等表数字的词表示具体数字时不加“ s” ，加“ s” 时泛指许多。

Hundreds and hundreds of people go skating in winter.

2) thousands of 成千上万的

类似的用法还有 ：

hundreds of 数以百计的

scores of 许多

millions of 上百万的

dozens of 许多，大量

tens of thousands of 数以万计的

The teacher bought two ___books in the bookstore. A. scores of 　 B. scores 　 C. score of

C

Bear them in your mind!

6.In addition, many died from the disease

brought by Europeans.in addition to: 除此之外 , 另外 , 加之

e.g. I met my past teacher and some former

classmates __________ in the supermarket.

我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师 , 还有些同班同学 .

in addition

______________cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits.

除了有蛋糕和糖果 , 还给客人们准备了水果 .

In addition to

7. However, some survived these terrible times

today there are more Native Americans living

in California than in any other state.

1) to not die in an accident, on war or from

an illness. 幸免 , 幸免于难e.g. Only 12 of the 140 passengers _________

在 140 名乘客中只有 12 人幸免于难 .

survive

survived

2)to continue to live normally and not be too

Upset by the problems. 挺过来 , 挣扎过下去e.g. I don’t think I _______________ another

Year as a teacher; just too stressful.

could survive

3)To live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you

比 ( 某人 ) 长寿 , 比 ( 通常指亲人 ) 活的更长e.g. Harry ____________his wife by three mon

ths.

哈里比他妻子多活了三个月 .

survived

living in California 为现在分词短语作定语 , 相当于定语从句 who live in California. 现在分词一般

表示经常性的动作或现在的状态 , 也可以表示动作现在正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生 .e.g. There are three types of tiger living in

China (that live in China).

目前中国有三种虎 .

The picture hanging (that is hanging) on the

wall is painted by my nephew.

墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的 .

8. Of the first Spanish to go to California,

the majority were religious men who came to

teach the Catholic region to the natives.

majority : most of the people or things in a

Particular group.e.g. Those who favor the proposal are

_______________.

赞成该提案者占多数 .

__________________approved the policy.

大多数的人赞同该提案 .

in the majority

The great majority

9.Spanish soldiers first arrived in America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.

fight against 为反对……而战，和……斗争。fight for 为（争取）……而斗争You should be ready to fight against difficulties. 你们应该准备同困难作斗争。Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。

10. However, there is still a strong Spanish

influence in the state.influence n. 影响力 , 作用 , 有影响的人或物

e.g. Claude’s work had _________________on generations of musicians.

克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响 .

Her mother said that I was _______________

on her daughter.

她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响 .

a major influence

a bad influence

11. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms.

remained: 系动词 ,“ 留下” ,“ 逗留” .

I’ll remain to see the end of the game.

The foreign guests remained in Beijing for two weeks.

make a life: to change the way one is living

make a living: to do work to earn money

12. It was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.

这是强调式句

13……. which today still keeps up its Danish culture.

keep up: never stop,continue steadily,go on

The manager asked the workers to keep up the work.

The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded.

14.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.

have been doing 现在完成进行时 , 强调始于过去某时的动作持续发生到现在 .

eg He has been painting the room.

他一直都在粉刷房间 .

when they moved north from Mexico

这是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词“ the 1800s” 进行补充说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词“ when” 引导。

15. California has become home to people from Asia, including Cambodians,Koreans, Vietnamese and Laotians.

become home to: 成为家园 The island has become home to snakes.

Homework

1.try to master these useful words and expression

2.do exercise 1.2.3 on page48