Learning Style Models and Instruments

• Right Brain/Left Brain and Whole Brain Thinking

• Field-Independent/Field-Dependent Perception

• Dunn and Dunn Learning Styles• Jung and Myers-Briggs Typology• Kolb’s Experiential Learning

Model• 4MAT System• Gardner’s Eight Types of

Intelligence• VARK Learning Styles

Thinking is critical, logicalAnalyticalPrefers talking and writingRecognizes/remembers namesRelies on language in thinking & rememberingConscious of time & schedulesAlgebra is the preferred mathControls emotionsNot as good at interpreting body languageLikes stability, willing to adhere to rulesGood organizational skills, neat

Thinking is creative,intuitive

SynthesizingPrefers drawing & manipulating objectsRecognizes/remembers facesRelies on images in thinking & rememberingFrequently loses contact with time & schedulesGeometry is the preferred mathFree with emotionsGood at interpreting body languageLikes change, uncertainty

Loose organizational skills, sloppy

Corp

us

Callo

sum

Left Hemisphere Right HemisphereWHOLE BRAIN

THINKING

Field-Independent/Field-Dependent Perception

• Witkin, Oltman, Raskin and Karp• Hypothesized that learners have

preference styles for certain environmental cues

• Field-Dependent – person’s perception is influenced by or immersed in the surrounding

• Field-Independent – person perceives items as separate or differentiated from the surrounding field

Characteristics of Field-Independent and Field Dependent Learners

Field-Independent Learners

• Not affected by criticism

• Won’t conform to peer pressure

• Less influenced by external feedback

• Have an impersonal orientation to the world

Field-Dependent Learners• Easily affected by

criticism• Will conform to peer

pressure

• Are influenced by feedback (grades & evaluation)

• Have a social orientation to the world

Dunn and Dunn Learning Styles

• Rita and Kenneth Dunn• Five Basic Stimuli1.Environmental elements2.Emotional elements3.Sociological patterns4.Physical elements5.Psychological elements

Dunn and Dunn’s Learning Style ElementsSoun

dLight

Temp.

DesignMotiva

tionPersistence

Responsibility

Structure

Peers

Self PairTeam

Adult

Varied

Perceptual

Intake TimeMobility

Analytic/Global

Hemispheric Preference

Impulsive/ Reflective

Environmental

Emotional

Sociological

Physical

Psychological

Jung and Myers-Briggs Typology

• Carl Jung• Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs

Myers-Briggs Dichotomous Dimensions or Preferences

Extraversion (E) Introversion (I)

Sensing (S) Intuition (N)

Thinking (T) Feeling (F) Judgment (J) Perception

(P)

Myers-Briggs Types

ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ

ISTPESTPESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ

INTPENTP

ISFP INFPESF

PENFP

Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model

• David Kolb• The learner is not a blank slate, but he or she

approaches a topic to be learned with preconceived ideas.

• “Cycle of Learning”• Diverger – good at viewing concrete situations

from many points if view; learns best through group discussions and participating in brainstorming sessions

• Assimilator- understands large amounts of information by putting it into concise and logical form

– Rely on knowledge from experts; learns best through lecture, one-to-one instruction and self-instruction methods with ample reading materials to support their learning

• Converger – find practical application for ideas and theories and have the ability to use deductive reasoning to solve problems; learns best through demonstrations/return demonstration methods of teaching accompanied by handouts and diagrams

• Accommodator – learns best by hands-on experience and enjoy new and challenging situations; prefers role playing, gaming, and computer simulations

4MAT System• McCarthy• Four Types of Learners:1.Type 1/Imaginative – learners who demand to

know why; likes to listen, speak, interact and brainstorm

2.Type 2/Analytical – wants to know what to learn; most comfortable observing, analyzing, classifying and theorizing

3.Type 3/Common Sense – wants to know how to apply the new learnings; happiest when experimenting, manipulating, improving and tinkering

4.Type 4/Dynamic – asks “what if?”; enjoys modifying, adapting, taking risks and creating

Gardner’s Eight Types of Intelligence• Howard Gardner

• Seven Kinds of Intelligence1.Linguistic intelligence2.Logical-mathematical intelligence3.Spatial intelligence4.Musical intelligence5.Bodily kinesthetic intelligence6.Interpersonal intelligence7.Intrapersonal intelligence8.Naturalistic intelligence

VARK Learning Styles

• Fleming and Mills• Visual learners – like graphical representations• Aural leaners – enjoy listening to lectures,

often need directions read aloud and prefer to discuss topics and form study groups

• Read/write learners – like the written word by reading or writing with references to additional sources of information

• Kinesthetic learners – enjoy doing hands-on activities

The End

Prepared by: Kelvin Russel R. LepartoBSN IV-1

Thank You Very Much!

Clinical Teaching