LECTRICITY RAD - Science Learning Space · 2014. 10. 17. · The triboelectric series is a list that ranks different materials according to how they lose or gain electrons. Electricity

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EducationalGoals

Thescientificprincipleswe’regoingtocoverwerefirstdiscoveredbyahostofscientistsinthe19thcentury,eachworkingontheideasfromeachother,mostprominentlyJamesMaxwellandMichaelFaraday.

Thisisoneofthemostexcitingareasofscience,becauseitincludesoneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime:howelectricityandmagnetismareconnected.Beforethisdiscovery,peoplethoughtofelectricityandmagnetismastwoseparatethings.Whenscientistsrealizedthatnotonlyweretheylinkedtogether,butthatonecausestheother,thefieldofphysicsreallytookoff.

Herearethescientificconcepts:

StaticElectricity

Theprotonhasapositivecharge,theneutronhasnocharge,andtheelectronhasanegativecharge.Thesechargesrepelandattractoneanotherkindoflikemagnetsrepelorattract.Likechargesrepel(pushaway)oneanotherandunlikechargesattractoneanother.Generallythingsareneutrallycharged.Theyaren’tverypositiveornegative,ratherhaveabalanceofboth.

Objectsthatareelectricallychargedcancreateatemporarychargeonanotherobject. Thetriboelectricseriesisalistthatranksdifferentmaterialsaccordingtohowtheyloseorgainelectrons.

Electricity

Whenelectriccurrentpassesthroughamaterial,itdoesitbyelectricalconduction. Metalsareconductorsnotbecauseelectricitypassesthroughthem,butbecausetheycontainelectronsthat

canmove.

Electrochemistry

Therearedifferentkindsofconduction,suchasmetallicconduction,whereelectronsflowthroughaconductor(likemetal)andelectrolysis,wherechargedatoms(calledions)flowthroughliquids.

Bytheendofthelabsinthisunit,studentswillbeableto:

Designandbuildsimpleseriesandparallelcircuitsbyusingcomponentssuchaswires,batteries,andbulbs.

Knowhowtodemonstratethatelectricallychargedobjectsattractorrepeleachother. Knowelectricalenergycanbeconvertedtoheat,light,andmotion. Differentiateobservationfrominference(interpretation)andknowscientists’explanationscomepartly

fromwhattheyobserveandpartlyfromhowtheyinterprettheirobservations. Measureandestimatetheweight,length,orvolumeofobjects. Formulateandjustifypredictionsbasedoncause‐and‐effectrelationships. Conductmultipletrialstotestapredictionanddrawconclusionsabouttherelationshipsbetween

predictionsandresults. Constructandinterpretgraphsfrommeasurements. Followasetofwritteninstructionsforascientificinvestigation.

NOTE:Thisassessmentpacketcontainsthreesetsofevaluations:oneforstaticelectricity,currentelectricity,andelectrochemistry.


StaticElectricityGrade4EvaluationTeacherSection

Overview:Kidswilldemonstratehowwelltheyunderstandimportantkeyconceptsfromthissection.

SuggestedTime:45‐60minutes

Objectives:Studentswillbetestedonthekeyconceptsofelectricity:

1. Theprotonhasapositivecharge,theneutronhasnocharge,andtheelectronhasanegativecharge.Thesechargesrepelandattractoneanotherkindoflikemagnetsrepelorattract.Likechargesrepel(pushaway)oneanotherandunlikechargesattractoneanother.Generally,thingsareneutrallycharged.Theyaren’tverypositiveornegative,butratherhaveabalanceofboth.

2. Objectsthatareelectricallychargedcancreateatemporarychargeonanotherobject.3. TheTriboelectricSeriesisalistthatranksdifferentmaterialsaccordingtohowtheyloseorgainelectrons.

Studentswillalsodemonstratetheseprinciples:

4. Designandbuildsimpleexperimentsthatdemonstratetheprinciplesabove.5. Knowhowtodemonstratethatelectrically‐chargedobjectsattractorrepeleachother.

Materials(onesetforentireclass)

balloon pingpongball paper

LabPreparation

1. Printoutcopiesofthestudentworksheets,labpractical,andquiz.2. Haveatubofthematerialsinfrontofyouatyourdesk.Kidswillcomeupwhencalledanddemonstrate

theirknowledgeusingthesematerials.

Lesson

Thestudentsaretakingtwoteststoday:thequizandthelabpractical.Thequiztakesabout20minutes,andyou’llfindtheanswerkeytomakeiteasytograde.

LabPractical

Studentswilldemonstrateindividuallythattheyknowelectrically‐chargedobjectsattractorrepeleachother.Whileotherkidsarewaitingfortheirturn,theyhaveachoiceofthreedifferenthomeworkassignmentstogetstartedon.Youchoosewhethertheygettoworktogetherorindividually.


StaticElectricityGrade4Evaluation

StudentWorksheet

Overview:Todayyou’regoingtotaketwodifferenttests:thequizandthelabpractical.You’regoingtotakethewrittenquizfirst,andthelabpracticalattheendofthislab.Thelabpracticalisn’tapapertest–it’swhereyougettoshowyourteacherthatyouknowhowtodosomething.

LabTest&Homework

1. Yourteacherwillcallyouupsoyoucansharehowmuchyouunderstandaboutelectricalchargesandhowtheyinteractwitheachother.Sincescienceissomuchmorethanjustreadingabookorcirclingtherightanswer,thisisanimportantpartofthetesttofindoutwhatyoureallyunderstand.

2. Whileyouarewaitingforyourturntoshowyourteacherhowmuchofthisstuffyoualreadyknow,yougettochoosewhichhomeworkassignmentyouwanttocomplete.Theassignmentisduetomorrow,andhalfthecreditisforcreativityandtheotherhalfisforcontent,soreallyletyourimaginationflyasyouworkthroughit.Chooseone:a. Writeashortstoryorskitaboutstaticelectricityfromtheperspectiveoftheelectronorproton.You’ll

readthisaloudtoyourclass.b. Makeaposterthatteachesthemainconceptstostaticelectricity.Whenyou’refinished,you’lluseitto

teachtoaclassintheyoungergradesanddemonstrateeachoftheprinciplesthatyou’velearned.c. Writeandperformapoemorsongaboutstaticelectricity.Thiswillbeperformedtoyourclass.


StaticElectricityGrade4QuizTeacher’sAnswerKey

1. Whatchargedotheproton,neutron,andelectronhave?Theprotonhasapositivecharge,theneutronhasnocharge,andtheelectronhasanegativecharge.

2. Whathappenswhenyoubringtwolikechargestogether?Twooppositecharges?Likechargesrepel(pushaway)oneanotherandunlikechargesattractoneanother.

3. Whatchargearemostthings?Generallythingsareneutrallycharged.Theyaren’tverypositiveornegative,ratherhaveabalanceofboth.

4. HowdoIknowifanobjectispositivelyornegativelycharged?TheTriboelectricSeriesisalistthatranksdifferentmaterialsaccordingtohowtheyloseorgainelectrons.

5. Whydoeshairsticktoaballoonwhenyourubitonyourhead?Ifyourubaballoononyourhead,theballoonisnowfilledupwithextraelectrons,andnowhasanegativecharge,leavingalotofpositively‐chargedprotonsonyourhead.Oppositechargesattract,sothehairstickstotheballoon.

6. Canyouseeelectrons?Whyorwhynot?Nope.Theradiusofanelectronisapproximately0.000000000000002meters.Waytoosmallforthehumaneyetodetect.

7. Ifyoubringachargedballoonnearastreamoforangejuice,whathappensandwhy?Orangejuiceismadeoutofwater.Thewatermoleculeisapolarmolecule,meaningthatitactslikeatinybarmagnetinthatithasapositiveandnegativeend.Waterisaliquid,whichmeansthattheselittlewatermoleculescanrotateandmoveeasily.Thechargedballooninfluencesthedirectionthatthemini‐magnetslineupastheyflowpast.

8. Ihaveafoamplate,plasticbag,abottleofrubbingalcohol,andapieceofwool.HowcanIgenerateapositiveelectricalcharge?HowwillIreallyknowit’spositive?Aballoontakesonanegativechargewhenrubbedonhair.Whenafoamplateisrubbedwithwool,theplatetakesonelectronsandcreatesanegativechargeontheplate.Togivetheplateapositivecharge,rubitwithaplasticbag.Therubbingalcoholisnotused.

9. Whatdoesanelectroscopedetect?Howdoyouknowwhenithasdetectedit?Anelectroscopedetectselectrons,ornegativeelectriccharges.Thenegativechargehitsthefoilball,whichconductsdownthepapercliptothefoilleaves.Sincethefoilisnowthesamenegativecharge,theymoveapartanddeflectintoaV‐shape,indicatingthepresenceofanegativechargeregion.

10. Whydoesaneonbulblightupwhenbroughtclosetoastaticsource?Fluorescentlights,oranytubeofgasfromthenoblegasescolumnontheperiodictable,willlightupinanelectricfield.Afluorescenttubeislinedwithwhitestuffcalledphosphor,whichgivesofflightwheneverit’sstruckbyUVrays.ThetubeisfilledwithagasthatgivesoffUVrayswhenplacedinanelectricalfield.Whenthebulbisbroughtclosetoastaticcharge,electronsripthroughthetubeandgoouttheotherside.Astheygothrough,theysmackintothegasvaporwhichreleaseslightrays(UVinafluorescenttube)thathitthephosphorontheinsideofthetube,whichthenemitslight.

11. Whydotheleavesintheelectroscopetakeonthesamechargeasthefoilball?Becausethefoilball,thepaperclip,andthefoilleavesallconductelectricity.

12. DrawadiagramthatshowstheyardstickElectrostaticMotorexperimentset,andthelocationofthepositiveandnegativechargesontheballoonandtheyardstick.Yourdiagramshouldclearlyexplainwhat’sgoingonandwhy.Youcanuseanothersheetofpaperifneeded.Kidsshoulddrawsomethingthatresemblesastickwithplussignsontheendandminussignstowardthemiddle.Nearbyshouldbeacirclethatrepresentstheballoon,whichhasminussignsalloverit.Thenegativechargeintheballoonrepelstheelectronsintheyardstick,exposingthosepositiveprotons,whichareattractedtotheballoon.Sincethestickisfreetorotate,itchasestheballoonaroundinacircle,indicatedbyanarrow.


StaticElectricityGrade4Quiz

Name__________________________________________________________

1. Whatchargedotheproton,neutron,andelectronhave?

2. Whathappenswhenyoubringtwolikechargestogether?

3. Whatchargearemostthings?

4. HowdoIknowifanobjectispositivelyornegativelycharged?

5. Whydoeshairsticktoaballoonwhenyourubitonyourhead?


6. Canyouseeelectrons?Whyorwhynot?

7. Ifyoubringachargedballoonnearastreamoforangejuice,whathappensandwhy?

8. Ihaveafoamplate,plasticbag,abottleofrubbingalcohol,andapieceofwool.HowcanIgenerateapositiveelectricalcharge?HowwillIreallyknowit’spositive?

9. Whatdoesanelectroscopedetect?Howdoyouknowwhenithasdetectedit?

10. Whydoesaneonbulblightupwhenbroughtclosetoastaticsource?


11. Whydotheleavesintheelectroscopetakeonthesamechargeasthefoilball?

12. DrawadiagramthatshowstheyardstickElectrostaticMotorexperimentset,andthelocationofthepositiveandnegativechargesontheballoonandtheyardstick.Yourdiagramshouldclearlyexplainwhat’sgoingonandwhy.Youcanuseanothersheetofpaperifneeded.


StaticElectricityGrade4LabPracticalTeacher’sAnswerKey

Thisisyourchancetoseehowwellyourstudentshavepickeduponimportantkeyconcepts,andifthereareanyholes.Yourstudentsalsowillbeworkingontheirhomeworkassignmentasyoudothistestindividuallywiththestudents.

Materials:


LabPractical:AskthestudentNote:Answersgiveninitalics!

Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowelectrically‐chargedobjectsattracteachother.Rubaballoononyourheadandliftitupsixinches.Thehair(positivecharge)isattractedtotheballoon(negativecharge).Orbringitclosetothepingpongballandshowhowthepositivechargesintheballareattractedtotheballoon.

Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowelectrically‐chargedobjectsrepeleachother.Ripthepaperintotinybits.Rubaballoononyourheadandbringitclosetothepaper.Thepositivechargeinthepaperisattractedtotheballoon(negativecharge).Thepapertakesonthechargeoftheballoonandquicklyjumpsoff.

Explainhowobjectsthatareelectricallychargedcancreateatemporarychargeonanotherobject.Thepositivechargesinthewallareattractedtothehugenegativechargeintheballoon,sotheballoonstickstothewall.Theballoonalsorepelsthenegativechargesinthewall,creatingatemporarychargeinthewallrightaroundtheballoon.


StaticElectricityGrade4LabPracticalStudentWorksheet

Thisisyourchancetoshowhowmuchyouhavepickeduponimportantkeyconcepts,andifthereareanyholes.Youalsowillbeworkingonahomeworkassignmentasyoudothistestindividuallywithateacher.

Materials:


LabPractical:

Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowelectrically‐chargedobjectsattracteachother.

Designandbuildanexperimentthatshowshowelectrically‐chargedobjectsrepeleachother.

Explainhowobjectsthatareelectricallychargedcancreateatemporarychargeonanotherobject.


ElectricityGrade4EvaluationTeacherSection



Objectives:Studentswillbetestedonthekeyconceptsofelectricity:

1. Whenelectriccurrentpassesthroughamaterial,itdoessobyelectricalconduction.2. Metalsareconductorsnotbecauseelectricitypassesthroughthem,butbecausetheycontainelectronsthat

canmove.3. Therearedifferentkindsofconduction,suchasmetallicconduction,whereelectronsflowthrougha

conductor(likemetal)andelectrolysis,wherechargedatoms(calledions)flowthroughliquids.


4. Designandbuildsimpleseriesandparallelcircuitsbyusingcomponentssuchaswires,batteries,switches,andLEDs.

5. Knowelectricalenergycanbeconvertedtoheat,light,andmotion.


AAbatterycase 2AAbatteries 4alligatorwires switch LED 1.5‐3VDCmotor

LabPreparation



Lesson


LabPractical

Studentswilldemonstrateindividuallythattheyknowhowtowireupacircuitandexplainhowelectricalenergycanbeconvertedtoheat,light,and/ormotion.Whileotherkidsarewaitingfortheirturn,theyhaveachoiceofthreedifferenthomeworkassignmentstogetstartedon.


ElectricityGrade4Evaluation

StudentWorksheet

Overview:Todayyou’regoingtotaketwodifferenttests:thequizandthelabpractical.You’regoingtotakethewrittenquizfirst,andthelabpracticalattheendofthislab.Thelabpracticalisn’tapapertest–it’swhereyougettoshowyourteacherthatyouknowhowtodosomething.

LabTest&Homework

1. Yourteacherwillcallyouupsoyoucansharehowmuchyouunderstandaboutelectricityandhowitworks.Sincescienceissomuchmorethanjustreadingabookorcirclingtherightanswer,thisisanimportantpartofthetesttofindoutwhatyoureallyunderstand.

2. Whileyouarewaitingforyourturntoshowyourteacherhowmuchofthisstuffyoualreadyknow,yougettochoosewhichhomeworkassignmentyouwanttocomplete.Theassignmentisduetomorrow,andhalfthecreditisforcreativityandtheotherhalfisforcontent,soreallyletyourimaginationflyasyouworkthroughit.Chooseonethatyoudidn’tchoosefromtheStaticElectricityhomeworkassignmentlasttime:a. Writeashortstoryorskitaboutelectricityfromtheperspectiveofthewireortheelectrical

component.You’llreadthisaloudtoyourclass.b. Makeaposterthatteachesthemainconceptstoelectricity.Whenyou’refinished,you’lluseittoteach

toaclassintheyoungergradesanddemonstrateeachoftheprinciplesthatyou’velearned.c. Writeandperformapoemorsongaboutelectricity.Thiswillbeperformedtoyourclass.


ElectricityGrade4QuizTeacher’sAnswerKey

1. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaboltoflightningandtheelectricityinyourcircuit?Quantity.2. Howdoeselectricitypassthroughamaterial?Nametwodifferentways.Byconduction:metallic

conduction,electrolysis.3. Whatkindsofmaterialsareconductorsandinsulators?Namethreeofeach.

a. Conductor:paperclipb. Conductor:keyc. Conductor:metalunpaintedzipper

d. Insulator:papere. Insulator:foamf. Insulator:glass

4. WhatisanNCSPSTswitch?Howdoesitworkwhenplacedinacircuit?SPSTstandsforSinglePoleSingleThrow,whichmeansthattheswitchturnsononlyonecircuitatatime.Whentheswitchisengaged,currentflows.Whenit’snot,thecircuitisbrokenopenandelectricitystops.NCstandsforNormallyClosed,whichmeansthattheswitchallowselectricitytoflowuntilit’sactivated.Inacircuit,whenthisswitchispressed,thecurrentstops.

5. What'sthedifferencebetweenanincandescentlightbulb,afluorescentlight,andanLED?a. Theincandescentlightbulbusesawirethatglowswhenelectriccurrentrunsthroughit.Tokeepthe

wirefromburningitselfup,theairisremovedfromthebulbandreplacedwithaninertgas.Thewireismadefromtheelementtungsten.

b. Afluorescenttubeislinedwithwhitestuffcalledphosphor,whichgivesofflightwheneverit’sstruckbyUVrays.ThetubeisfilledwithagasthatgivesoffUVrayswhenplacedinanelectricalfield.Whenthebulbisbroughtclosetoastaticcharge,electronsripthroughthetubeandgoouttheotherside.Astheygothrough,theysmackintothegasvaporwhichreleaseslightrays(UVinafluorescenttube)thathitthephosphorontheinsideofthetube,whichthenemitslight.Fluorescentlights,oranytubeofgasfromthenoblegasescolumnontheperiodictable…likeneonwillalsoglowinanelectricallychargedfield.

c. LEDstandsfor“LightEmittingDiode".Theydon'thaveafilamentsotheydon'tgethot..Theylightupbythemovementofelectronsinasemiconductormaterial(moreonthislater),andtheylastalongtime,likethousandsofhours.

6. Ifyoumeasure2.85voltsfromyourbatterypack,doyouneednewbatteriesorwilltheywork?Theywillwork,because2.85÷2=1.4Volts.Batteriesbetween1.3–1.5willworkinacircuit.

7. Wherehaveyouusedpotentiometersineverydaylife?Asadimmerswitch,radiocontrolknob,motorspeedcontrolonappliances…_

8. HowisaCdScelllikeaswitch?Howisitnotlikeaswitch?Theflowofcurrentiscontrolledbytheamountoflightthatfallsonthedetector.It’sunlikeaswitchinthatitneverreallystopsthecurrentcompletely.

9. IsthetripwireanNOorNCswitchwithoutthepaperinserted?NCswitch.10. Whatisarelay?Arelayisaswitchyoucanturnonandoffusingelectricity.Itusesanelectromagnetto

activetheswitchinsideit.11. Imagineyourteacherjustaskedyoutohookupasimplecircuittopoweramotor.Drawthecircuitasa

diagrambelow,andshowhowelectricityflowsthroughyourcircuit(indicatethedirectionwithanarrow).Labeleverypartofyourdiagram,includingeverycomponentused.Forbonuspoints,alsoshowwhereyouwouldputyourDMMprobestomeasurehowmuchvoltagethemotorisreceiving.DMMprobesgooneateachmotorterminalwithmotorremoved.


ElectricityGrade4Quiz

Name______________________________________________________

1. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaboltoflightningandtheelectricityinyourcircuit?

2. Howdoeselectricitypassthroughamaterial?

3. Whatkindsofmaterialsareconductorsandinsulators?Namethreeofeach.a. Conductor:b. Conductor:c. Conductor:

d. Insulator:e. Insulator:f. Insulator:

4. WhatisanNCSPSTswitch?Howdoesitworkwhenplacedinacircuit?

5. What'sthedifferencebetweenanincandescentlightbulb,afluorescentlight,andtheLED?

6. Ifyoumeasure2.85voltsfromyourbatterypack,doyouneednewbatteriesorwilltheywork?

7. Wherehaveyouusedpotentiometersineverydaylife?


8. HowisaCdScelllikeaswitch?Howisitnotlikeaswitch?

9. IsthetripwireanNOorNCswitchwithoutthepaperinserted?

10. Whatisarelay?

11. Imagineyourteacherjustaskedyoutohookupasimplecircuittopoweramotor.Drawthecircuitasadiagrambelow,andshowhowelectricityflowsthroughyourcircuit(indicatethedirectionwithanarrow).Labeleverypartofyourdiagram,includingeverycomponentused.Forbonuspoints,alsoshowwhereyouwouldputyourDMMprobestomeasurehowmuchvoltagethemotorisreceiving.


ElectricityGrade4LabPracticalTeacher’sAnswerKey


Materials:



DesignandbuildasimpleseriescircuitwhichlightsupanLEDandincludesaswitch.BatteryconnectstotheLED,whichconnectstotheswitch,whichconnectsbacktothebatterypack.Whenswitchisthrown,LEDlightsup.

DesignandbuildasimpleparallelcircuitwhichpowersbothLEDandmotoratthesametime.Batteryconnectstothemotorwhichconnectsbacktothebatterypack.AlsoLEDconnectstobothterminalsonthebackofthemotor.Whenbatteriesareinthecase,bothLEDandmotorshouldwork.

Explainhowelectricalenergycanbeconvertedtolightormotion.AnyelectricalcircuitthatinvolvesturningamotoronorlightingupanLED.


ElectricityGrade4LabPracticalStudentWorksheet


Materials:


LabPractical:

DesignandbuildasimpleseriescircuitwhichlightsupanLEDandincludesaswitch.

DesignandbuildasimpleparallelcircuitwhichpowersbothLEDandmotoratthesametime.

Explainhowelectricalenergycanbeconvertedtolightormotion.


ElectrochemistryGrade4EvaluationTeacherSection



Objectives:Studentswillbetestedonthekeyconceptsofelectrochemistry:

1. Therearedifferentkindsofconduction,suchasmetallicconduction,whereelectronsflowthroughaconductor(likemetal)andelectrolysis,wherechargedatoms(calledions)flowthroughliquids.

2. Electrolytesareasubstance(likesalt)thatbecomesaconductorofelectricitywhendissolvedinasolvent(likewater).

3. Thistypeofconductoriscalledan”ionicconductor”becauseoncethesaltisinthewater,ithelpsalongtheflowofelectronsfromoneclipleadterminaltotheothersothatthereisacontinuousflowofelectricity.

4. Metalsareconductorsnotbecauseelectricitypassesthroughthem,butbecausetheycontainelectronsthatcanmove.

5. Batteriesneedelectrodesmadeoftwodissimilarconductivematerials,likemetal.


6. Designandbuildasimplebattery.7. Knowchemicalenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricalenergy.


AAbatterycase 2AAbatteries 2alligatorwires Distilledwhitevinegar Disposablecup Salt Sugar 2Pennies 2Nails 2Piecesofplastic 2Popsiclesticks DigitalMultimeter

LabPreparation




Lesson


LabPractical

Studentswilldemonstrateindividuallythattheyknowhowtobuildabatteryandexplainhowchemicalenergycanbeconvertedtoelectricalenergy.Whileotherkidsarewaitingfortheirturn,theywillgetstartedontheirhomeworkassignment.Yougettodecidewhethertheydotheirassignmentindividuallyorasagroup.

HomeworkAssignment

Yourclassroomisgoingtobeconvertedintoaninteractivesciencemuseumnextweekbyyourstudents.Youcaninviteparents,teachers,lowergradelevels,andacameracrew.Thisisfun,informative,andreallygivesthekidsthecredittheydeserveforworkingsohardtolearnthissciencestuff.Andtheygettodoallthework.You’rejusttheconsultant.It’sreallytheicingontheteacher’scake.Here’stheirassignment:Studentswillbeinchargeofoneofthestations.Theiraudienceknowsnothingaboutelectricity.Theirjobistodesignandbuildanexperimentthatteachesthestudentsinlowerlevelsanimportantconceptinoneofthefollowingareas:staticelectricity,electricity,orelectrochemistry.They’llgettoexplainwhat’sgoingonastheydemonstratetheirexperiment.Yourstudentscanhavetheaudiencejustwatchoractivelydosomethingattheirstation.Gradeyourstudentsbasedoncontentandcreativity(50‐50split),soreallyencouragetheirmindstogowildandtrysomethingnewmixedwithwhattheyalreadyhavemastered.


ElectrochemistryGrade4Evaluation

StudentWorksheet

Overview:Todayyou’regoingtotaketwodifferenttests:thequizandthelabpractical.You’regoingtotakethewrittenquizfirst,andthelabpracticalattheendofthislab.Thelabpracticalisn’tapapertest–it’siswhereyougettoshowyourteacherthatyouknowhowtodosomething.

LabTest&Homework

1. Yourteacherwillcallyouupsoyoucansharehowmuchyouunderstandaboutelectrochemistryandhowitworks.Sincescienceissomuchmorethanjustreadingabookorcirclingtherightanswer,thisisanimportantpartofthetesttofindoutwhatyoureallyunderstand.

2. Whileyouarewaitingforyourturntoshowyourteacherhowmuchofthisstuffyoualreadyknow,yougettogetstartedonyourhomeworkassignment.Theassignmentisduenextweek,andhalfthecreditisforcreativityandtheotherhalfisforcontent,soreallyletyourimaginationflyasyouworkthroughit.Hereitis:Yourclassroomisgoingtobeconvertedintoaninteractivesciencemuseumnextweek.Youwillbeinchargeofoneofthestations.Youraudienceknowsnothingaboutelectricity.Yourjobistodesignandbuildanexperimentthatteachesthestudentsinlowerlevelsanimportantconceptinoneofthefollowingareas:staticelectricity,electricity,orelectrochemistry.Youwillgettoexplaintoyourstudentswhat’sgoingonasyoudemonstrateyourexperiment.Youcanhavethemwatchoractivelydosomethingatyourstation.Youwillbegradedbasedoncontentandcreativity,soreallyletyourmindgowild.(Hint:Ifyouweretheaudience,whatwouldyouwanttolearnaboutmost?)


ElectrochemistryGrade4QuizTeacher’sAnswerKey

1. Namethreekindsofelectrolyteswe’veusedinourelectrochemistryexperiments.(Saltwater,lemonjuice,vinegarandsalt.)

2. WherewouldyouplaceyourDMMprobestomeasurethegeneratedvoltage?(Theblackprobeonthefoilandtheredprobeonthesilverware.)

3. Whathappensifyouusetwostripsofthesamematerial?(Youwon’thaveadifference.Thesecopperionsinteractwiththezincelectrodetoformzincions.Thecopperelectronsarechemicallyreactingwiththelemonjuicetoformcopperions.Thedifferenceinelectricalcharge(potential)onthesetwoplatescausesavoltage.)Whatwouldhappenifweusednon‐metalstrips?(Theydon’tbreakintoions,anddon’twork.)

4. Whatkindsoffruitmakethebestbatteriesandwhy?(Citrus,becauseoftheacid.)5. Whathappensifyouputoneelectrodeinonefruitandoneelectrodeinanother?(Theionsarenotableto

beattractedtothedifferentelectrodes,sothere’snocurrentflowing.)6. Wheredidthecopperonyourkeycomefrom?(Thecopperionsinthesolution.)7. Whatkindofbubblesformedwhenwesplitthewatermolecule?(Asthewatermoleculebreaksapartinto

smallerpieces:hydrogenions(positivelychargedhydrogen)andoxygenions(negativelychargedoxygen).,theybubbleupintothetesttube.)

8. Doesplainwaterconductelectricity?(Youneedtheelectrolytestocarrythecurrentthroughthewaterandseparatethewatermoleculeintoitsions.Withoutsalt,thewateractslikeaweakinsulatorandnobubbleswillform.)

9. Whydoeselectricityflowthroughsomesolutionsbutnotallofthem?(Saltmixeswithwaterandseparatesintopositively(Na+)andnegatively(Cl‐)chargedparticles(ions).Ifyoupassacurrentthroughthesolutionofsaltandwater,oppositesattract:thepositiveionsareattractedtothenegativepoleandthenegativeionsgotowardthepositivepole.Thesemigrationsionsallowelectricitytoflow,whichiswhy“salt”solutionsconductelectricity.)

10. Whatisasalt?(Whenasubstancemixeswithwaterandseparatesintoitspositiveandnegativeparts,it’scalleda“salt.”)


ElectrochemistryGrade4Quiz

Name__________________________________________________________1. Namethreekindsofelectrolyteswe’veusedinourelectrochemistryexperiments.

2. WherewouldyouplaceyourDMMprobestomeasurethegeneratedvoltage?

3. Whathappensifyouusetwostripsofthesamematerial?Whatwouldhappenifweusednon‐metalstrips?

4. Whatkindsoffruitmakethebestbatteriesandwhy?

5. Whathappensifyouputoneelectrodeinonefruitandoneelectrodeinanother?

6. Wheredidthecopperonyourkeycomefrom?

7. Whatkindofbubblesformedwhenwesplitthewatermolecule?

8. Doesplainwaterconductelectricity?

9. Whydoeselectricityflowthroughsomesolutionsbutnotallofthem?

10. Whatisasalt?


ElectrochemistryGrade4LabPracticalTeacher’sAnswerKey


Materials:

AAbatterycase 2AAbatteries 2alligatorwires Disposablecup popsiclestick DigitalMultimeter

ElectrolyteOptions:

Distilledwhitevinegar Salt Sugar

Electrodeoptions:

2pennies 2nails 2pieceofplastic popsiclestick


Designandbuildabatteryandshowhowmuchvoltageitproduces.Studentwillpourvinegarandsaltintoacup,stir,andconnectthealligatorclipstotwodissimilarmetals(takeawaypointsiftheyusetwoofthesamematerialsforelectrodes).StudentswillmeasurevoltagebyconnectingupthealligatorclipstotheDMMprobesandsettingitto20VDCandreadingthevoltage.Expect0.5to1volt.

Explainfromyourexperimentabovehowchemicalenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricalenergy.Thebasicideaofelectrochemistryisthatchargedatoms(ions)canbeelectricallydirectedfromoneplacetotheother.TheNaCl(salt)moleculedissociatesinthevinegarintotheionsNa+andCl‐.Na+isattractedovertothenegativeelectrodeandCl‐zipsovertothepositive.Theionsareattracted(directed)totheoppositeelectrodeandthereiscurrentinthesolution.


ElectrochemistryLabPracticalStudentWorksheet


Materials:

AAbatterycase 2AAbatteries 2alligatorwires Disposablecup popsiclestick DigitalMultimeter

ElectrolyteOptions:

Distilledwhitevinegar Salt Sugar

Electrodeoptions:

2pennies 2nails 2pieceofplastic popsiclestick

LabPractical:

Designandbuildabatteryandshowhowmuchvoltageitproduces.

Explainfromyourexperimentabovehowchemicalenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricalenergy.

Documents

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