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Lecture 1ProSeminar in Biological Psychology
10% theory
• Natural Selection
• Clinical Neurology
• fMRI, PET, EEG
Absolutely no evidence to support 10% theory
How well do you really know your brain?
• Reasoning• Planning• Speech Produce• Movement• Emotions• Problem solving• Personality
• Movement• Orientation• Recognition• Perception of stimuli
• Visual Processing
• Perception & recognition of auditory stimuli• Memory• Speech Comprehension
Forebraintelencephalon
Taking sides….how the two sides process information that is!
Left Brain
• Logical• Sequential• Rational• Analytical• Objective• Looks at parts
Right Brain
• Random• Intuitive• Holistic• Synthesizing• Subjective• Looks at wholes
What is your brain made of?
Gray Matter: 40%
White Matter: 60%
Synapses: 0.15 quadrillion
Brain has more pathways: Receptors located on neurons in membrane
2 Types of Cells in NS
Nerve Cells Glial Cells (Neurons) (Glia)
Electrical Signaling Supportive Communicate with other cells No signaling (90%)
Brain Composition:
H20 77-78%
Lipids 10-12%
Proteins 8%
Carbs 1%
Brain mostly composed of…
The “Kiss”
IONOTROPIC (LIGAND BINDING RECEPTOR)
METABOTROPIC(G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR)
Will the human brain ever completelyunderstand its own workings?
3 major debates
• Mind vs Brain (monism/dualism)
• Localism vs holism (Neurons)
• Nature of neural communication
Luigi Galvani(1596-1650)
Italian PhysicianPhysicist
Debate: Nature of Neural Communication
"While one of those who were assisting me touched lightly, and by chance, the point of his scalpel to the internal crural nerves of the frog, suddenly all the muscles of its limbs were seen to be so contracted that they seemed to have fallen into tonic convulsions. “
Electrical Stimulation of frog legs
Contraction of the muscles
“Animal Electricity”
Johannes Muller(1801-1858)
German Physiologist
Doctrine of specific nerve energies
All nerves carry electrical signals
Different nerves = different outcomes
Debate: Neural Communication
Camillo Golgi (1843-1956) Italian Physician:
Silver Staining Method – continuous mass of
tissues…one cytoplasm(holism)
Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934)Spanish Histologist
Labeled Cells“neuron doctrine” – discrete entities
Nobel Prize 1906:Research on structure of the nervous
Debate: Nature of Neural Communication
1. Neurons are discrete and autonomous cells that can interact
2. Synapses are gaps that separate neurons
3. Information is transmitted in one direction from dendrites (input) to the axon (output)
Debate: Nature of Neural Communication
Franz Joseph Gall (1757-1825)
German PhysicianNeuroanatomist
brought Neuroanatomy & Psychology together
discrete regions of brain controls specific functions = mental state localization
Phrenology (personology)
Debate: Localism vs Holism
Localism!!!
Wilder Penfield (1891-1976) American-Born Canadian
Neurosurgeon:
• Greatest neurosurgeon of all times• mapped the brain
• direct stimulation of the brain•“Grandmother Cell"
• Localism vs holism?
Rene Descartes(1596-1650)
Mind-Body Question
Dualist: mind separate from body
Mechanist: Body is like a machine
Mind controls the machine
Body tells mind about the environment
Pipes = nervesWater = fluids in body Hidden Value = Pineal
• Mind vs Brain
Control Valve: Pineal Gland
“Seat of the Soul”
First technicalmodel for the NS
Innervation of the Pineal
Dependent on the
Light/Dark Cycle
Mind vs Brain???
Monism:
Mind is product of brain
Dualism:
Brain is physicalmind is not
Mind-Body Question..are you a monist or a dualist?
Debate: Mind vs Brain