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LECTURE ON

FOUNDATION

By

Dr. Yavuz YARDIMDept. of Civil Engineering

20 January 2010

Foundation

Pad

Footing

Combined

Footing

Raft

Footing

Wall / strip

Footing

Pile

Foundation

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Concrete

Steel

Timber

Hard strata

3m

Pile foundation consists of two parts

•Pile

•Pile cap

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�Raft footing is an inverted flat slab (column at top & slab at bottom)

When choose raft footing?

�For large combined footing

�When column is very close

�When soil bearing capacity for each column is different

�For large load on weak type of soil

�Large differential settlement

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Design Foundation

Related to soil(soil bearing

capacity)

Related to structure

�Depends on soil property

�Depends on profile of soil

�Depends on load

�Depends on water table inside the ground

�Depends on cost

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�Raft footing is an inverted flat slab (column at top & slab at bottom)

When choose raft footing?

�For large combined footing

�When column is very close

�When soil bearing capacity for each column is different

�For large load on weak type of soil

�Large differential settlement

� Foundations transfer loads from

the structure or building or

individual columns to the earth

� Type of foundation to be used

depends on a number of factors

� Soil properties & condition

� Type of structure & loadings

� Permissible amount of different

settlement

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Why Pile foundations-

� When a solid bearing stratum is deeper than about 3m below the base level of the

structure a foundation supported on bearing piles will provide an economical

solution

BS 8004: Code of practice for foundation

Concrete

Steel

Timber

Hard strata

3m

Pile foundation consists of two parts

•Pile

•Pile cap