8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 1/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 1

Fundamental Drilling Engineering

Introduction and Rig Basics

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 2/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 2

Orientation

1. Instructor introduction.

2. Student name, current job, expectationsfor this course, main hobby or interest

outside of work.3. Classroom procedures and timings

4. What we will be doing all week.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 3/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 3

Class Rules

If there is anything you do not understand during

the lectures, say so. We constantly build onideas so if you do not understand the basics youwill soon be lost

We will break every hour or so. Please return onschedule in consideration for the others.

Computers are to be on the honor system during

lectures. Check you mails on breaks.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 4/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 4

WHAT THIS COURSE IS AND IS NOT

 This will not make you a DE in a WeekAimed at giving you the concepts

Allows you to understand how Cementing

Fits into the larger process

Provides a basis for understanding whatyou will see on rigs and in client offices

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 5/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 5

Schedule

Day 1. Overview of the Well ConstructionProcess, Geology, Pore pressure fracture

gradients, .Day 2. Pore and Frac Pressure, leak off TestingKick Tolerance, well control fundamentals

Day 3. Steel Properties, Basic Shoe designBasic Casing Design

Day 4. Casing Design Con’t, Wellbore Stability

Lost Circulation

Day 5. Stuck Pipe and Hole cleaning, final test

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 6/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 6

 TWO QUESTIONS

WHAT IS WELL CONSTRUCTION?

WHAT IS A DRILLING ENGINEER?

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 7/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 7

Well Construction

 The process creating of a hole in the ground, forthe finding or exploitation of natural resources.

Mines are holes dug to find valuable minerals. We

efficiently remove the overburden to get at the ore-

body

Wells are holed drilled to find valuable liquids or

gases (Gas, Oil, Water, Helium, CO2 etc). Weefficiently remove the overburden to get at the liquid

for extraction

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 8/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 8

Well Construction

A construction project to build a hole inthe ground

 To Build the hole we must understand

 The material we are building in (the Earth) The material we are building with (Steel)

 The Hole Construction Equipment (Rig)

 The services and subcontractors needed toefficiently execute to plan (SLB and others)

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 9/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 9

 The Drilling Team

Drilling manager:

Drilling Superintendent

Drilling Supervisor

 The overall manager of 

many projects

 The Project Manager

 The on-Site Boss

Drilling Engineer:

 The planner and designer. Understands the structuralproperties of the earth and the materials and equipment neededto drill the well. The DE interfaces between all

parties…Geophysical.. Geology.. Reservoir.. Completions..Produciton.. Drilling Operations.. Civil Construction.. Legal..Procurement.. Services, to producee all programs required toplan license and execute the construction process

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 10/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 10

Drilling Rigs- A Review

Composed of 

Hoisting System

Drilling SystemCirculating System

Safety (BOP) system

Service Companies provide Specialty systems

Formation evaluation

Production TestingCasing and pipe handling

Cementing Stimulation and specialty pumping

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 11/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 11

Drilling is a repetitive Process

Drill a hole until the earth is no longer

strong enough to support the loads that youare imposing

Evaluate the hole you have drilled by

looking at the dirt, using electrical logs,cores and samples

Run and cement protective casing toreinforce the earth and allow drilling toproceed

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 12/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 12

 The Overall Drilling Process

Prepare location for rig Dig cellar Dig Pits install liners Install conductor pipe Prepare support pad for

rig, camp etc Build roads, fencing, dig

pits Sometimes drill water

well

Move rig on to location, rigup and prepare tostart drilling.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 13/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 13

Setting Conductor

Large, thick walled pipe drilled, jetted

or driven in to the groundPurposes;

1. Supports the weight of the well and

BOPs etc.2. Prevent washing out surface soil so

the well can be circulated

3. Formations are weak no well iscontrol possible

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 14/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 14

Drill Surface Hole

Drill a hole through the conductor 

Drill until

1. Formations cannot support the hole2. Deeper formations have pressures

higher than the strength of the rock

at the top

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 15/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 15

Set Surface Casing

Pull Bit out, Run Casing in And Cement

1. Install a Wellhead

• Support axial loads, isolate the annulli and

casings from each other 

2. Install a blow out preventer (BOP).• Plan will control formations not divert them

3. Casing protects freshwater sources.

4. Reinforces the rock allowing moredrilling

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 16/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 16

Drill Intermediate Hole

Drill through the Surface pipe to

extend the well

• Directional work is often used

• While drilling possibly cut cores

• After drilling Run electrical logs,

Sidewall cores etc to evaluateformations

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 17/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 17

Run the Intermediate Casing

Run the casing and cement the

annulus.Note that each casing is smaller 

than the previous one.

1. Increased shoe strength to drill

ahead.

2. Protect drilled hole.3. Protect any oil and gas found

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 18/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 18

Production Hole Section

Drill remaining overburden and into

the main pay sectionsPurposes:

1. Penetrate the reservoir.

2. Allow sufficient over-hole toprovide a sump (logging tools,

casing, drop guns etc)

3. Logs are run to evaluateformations

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 19/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 19

Run Liner or Casing

Cement a liner in to the reservoir.

Liners are partial casing strings

Run for economics where the main

casing is strong enough but the

formations below are not

Liners are run on Drill pipe and “hung”

on modified packer systems cemented

through the drill string to provideisolation

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 20/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 20

Drilling & Casing; Completion

Run completion tubing.

Perforate the production liner.

Purposes:1. Allow hydrocarbon production.

2. Form a conduit for tools to be run.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 21/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 21

 The Complete Well

Concentric strings of casing

Sealed at the top using mechanical

packoffsSealed at the bottom and in the

annulus using cement

Innermost string is the production

string, and is usually perforated to

allow production

A packer and tubing string are run

inside the P Csg.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 22/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 22

Major Rig Components - Overview

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 23/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 23

Hoisting System

 A Vertical Crane.

 Allows pipe to be moved in and out of the hole efficiently

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 24/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 24

Drawworks

Control themovement of 

the travelling

block up and

down the

derrick.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 25/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 25

Circulating System Mud pumps

Provides energy to move Fluids athigh pressures and high rates

through the wellbore

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 26/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 26

Major Rig Components – BOP’s

 Allow the top of the well to besealed against very high pressures

and allow fluid to be pumped in.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 27/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 27

Rig Types

ALL RIGS HAVE THE SAME BASIC PROCESS SYSTEMS

RIGS ARE DIFFEENTIATED BY SIZE AND OPERATIONALENVIRONMENT

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 28/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 28

Land rigs

Capable of drilling

from 500 ft to morethan 40,000 ft

 Typically sized byhole depth capability,and pipe racking

capacity

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 29/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 29

Platform Rigs

Land rig installed onplatform

Once drilling finished, rigcan be removed

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 30/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 30

Barge Rig

A land rig packaged

to sit on asubmersible

Allows holes to bedrilled in shelteredshallow inland waters

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 31/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 31

 J ackup Rig

A Barge rig with legs

Hull is lowered andlegs raised for rig

movesCan drill in shallowwaters up to 300-400 ft

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 32/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 32

Semi-Submersible

A different Concept

BOPs and wellheadis on the seafloor

Rig Floats over topMoored or DP.

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 33/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 33

Drillship

Ship hull with a rig ontop

self-propelled for rigmoves

Anchored or DP

Large storage and

weight capability

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 34/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 34

Marine Rigs – Bottom Supported

 Tension Leg Platform Concrete Gravity Platform Guyed TowerPlatform

Other Platform Types

8/14/2019 Lecture One Introduction and Rig Basics

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lecture-one-introduction-and-rig-basics 35/35

Sept 2006Argonauta Training Services LLC 35

INTRODUCTION AND RIG BASICS

End of Module