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LeibnizLeibniz--Institute for Agricultural Engineering Institute for Agricultural Engineering
PotsdamPotsdam--BornimBornim
� Non-university research institution
� Close co-operation with universities
� A member of the Leibniz Association
LeibnizLeibniz--Institute for Agricultural Engineering Institute for Agricultural Engineering
PotsdamPotsdam--Bornim Bornim
Strategic research in agricultural engineering
Our TaskOur Task
To create the scientific bases for new technologies for a sustainable land use (processes)
To develop technical solutions for the industry (prototypes)
The APECS joint project The APECS joint project
Anaerobic pathways to renewable energies and
carbon sinks
10/2009 – 09/2014
Funded by
ContextContext
More complete use of crop biomass � less carbon return to the soil
Climate changes � increased degradation of soil organic carbon
�Decrease of soil organic carbon
�Lower storage capacity for water and minerals
�Higher losses of fertilizers
�Decrease of soil fertility
�Lower crop yields
The APECS conceptThe APECS concept
Easy degradable
organic matter
Recalcitrant
organic matter
Inorganic matter
Biomethane
Minerals
Biochar Soil add
itive
What is biochar? What is biochar?
� Definition???
� ...produced from organic matter by thermochemical treatment
Glaser (2010) based on Hodges et al (2000)
Condensed aromates and functional groups
Carbonization technologies Carbonization technologies
� Pyrolysis (solid state, anaerobic, 500 – 900°C, C yield 30-60%)
� Torrefaction (solid state, anaerobic, 200 – 350°C, C yield >80%)
� Gasification (solid state, aerobic, > 700 °C, C yield <30%)
� Hydrothermal carbonization (liquid state, anaerobic, 180 - 300°C at 10-80 bar, C-yield < 90%)
The terra preta phenomenon The terra preta phenomenon
Glaser (2010)
The aim of APECSThe aim of APECS
The aim of the APECS project is to provide basic knowedge on
efficient co-production of biogas and biochar
based on organic wastes
ObjectivesObjectives
Sustainable and efficient production of bioenergy
Restoration or improvement of soil fertility
Long term carbon sequestration
Disinfection of organic wastes
Increasing and diversyfing the income of farmers and
rural communities
Transfer of new knowledge and innovative
technologies
ApproachApproach
Application orientated basic research
View at the whole process from the field to the field
Interdisciplinary team
Engineers and biologists
3 PostDocs, 5 PhDs, 10 TAs, 2-4 trainees
International Co-operations and networks
Focus: South America and Asia
International Biochar Initiative, EU Agro Biogas
Key methodsKey methods
Evaluation of various types of biomass
Novel digester design adapted to solids
Comparison of two different biochar solutions –
pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)
Experiments in lab scale and technical scale
concerning digestion, carbonization and soil test
Model based optimization
Life cycle and economic assessment
Rotary kiln
HTC autoclave
Results on HTCResults on HTC
tR=2 h
tR=6 h
tR=10 h
T = 190 °C T = 230 °C T = 270 °C
C = 42 %
C = 73 %
Technology transfer:Technology transfer:
Potential advantages and challenges Potential advantages and challenges
Potential advantages
High flexibility (various substrates, various products)
Synergies (integration of energy and mass flow)
Proven biogas technologies
Challenges
High complexity of the APECS process
Lack of knowledge (effects on soils, potential risks, optimal biochar quality)
Early stage biochar technologies
Small scale application (Investment costs, work load, work safety)
El pan alegre El pan alegre –– the happy bread the happy bread
El pan alegre El pan alegre –– the happy bread the happy bread
LeibnizLeibniz--Institute for Agricultural Engineering Institute for Agricultural Engineering
PotsdamPotsdam--BornimBornim