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Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 2
Talk Structure
• Sensors
• Readout
• Development and Prototyping with test results
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 4
IPHC Functional Sensor Development
Data Processing in RDO and on chip by generation of sensor.
The RDO system design evolves with the sensor generation.
•30 x 30 µm pixels•CMOS technology•Full Reticule = 640 x 640 pixel array
Mimostar 2 => full functionality 1/25 reticule, 1.7 µs integration time (1 frame@50 MHz clk), analog output. (in hand and tested)
All sensor families:
Phase-1 and Ultimate sensors => digital output (in development)
SensorPixels
AnalogSignals ADC /
Disc.CDS
DataSparsification
RDOto
DAQ
Mimostar sensors
Phase-1sensors - 640 us integration time
Ultimate sensors - < 200 us integration time
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 5
HFT PIXEL Readout Functional Goals
• Triggered detector system fitting into existing STAR infrastructure (Trigger, DAQ, etc.)
• Deliver full frame events to STAR DAQ for event building at approximately the same rate as the TPC (1 KHz for DAQ1000).
• Reduce the total data rate of the detector to a manageable level (< TPC rate).
• Reliable, robust, cost effective, etc.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 6
Mimostar Data Flow
MIMOSTAR
HFT Ladder
I => V conversionand drivers
20 x 50 MHz Analog signalsclock, control, JTAG, power,ground.
10 MIMOSTAR Detectors
cableto motherboard
HFT Motherboard
Daughter Card (x3)
ADCCDS
(FPGA)
RAM
analog data
clock, control, JTAG, power,ground.
ToLadder
Hit dataTo DAQ RORC
Control /Trigger(FPGA)
STAR Clock andTrigger Distribution
Control
Hit finddata red.(FPGA)
SIU
Buffer
System Goal:10 Sensors / Ladder33 Ladders135M Pixel
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 7
8-bit post-CDSdata50 MHz datastream.
18pixel addresscounter
Cluster Finding Saving Address Only
Cluster sensor operateson these 9 pixels
Enable
ToEventBuilder
columnn
columnn-1
columnn+1
row nrow n-1 row n+1
highthresh.
shift register length = 1 column
Data examinedPer clock cycleImplemented in FPGA on daughter card
Raster scan
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 8
Cluster Finder Efficiency
Real Data taken with MIMOSTAR2 detectors by IPHC
Traditional ADC Sum Method 2 Threshold FPGA method
Cut on the central pixel goes from 14 to 8 ADC counts (left to right) every 1 ADC. 1 ADC = 7.1 e-.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 9
PIXEL Data Rates (1 KHz)
• Rate @ R1 (2.5cm) = 52.9 / cm2
• Rate @ R2 (6.5cm) = 10.75 / cm2
• Rate @ R3 (7.5cm) = 8.76 / cm2 (at L = 1027)• Average event size = 114 KB• Data Rate = 114 MB/sec at 1KHz• 33 fibers• 33 RORC (6 readout PCs)
MIMOSTARSensors
50.7 GB/s
ADCsADCs
ADCs
AnalogSignals
CDS
38 GB/sDAQ EVENTBUILDER
114 MB/secHit
Finder+ address
Phase-1Sensors
3.38 GB/sDAQ EVENTBUILDER
57 MB/secHit
Finder+ address
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 10
Prototype 3 Sensor Telescope
We tested the functionality of a prototype MIMOSTAR2 detector at the LBNL ALS and then in the environment at STAR during the last three weeks of the 2006-2007 run at RHIC. Our goal was to gather information on:
• Charged particle environment near the interaction region in STAR.• Performance of our cluster finding algorithm.• Performance of the MIMOSTAR2 sensors.• Functionality of our interfaces to the other STAR subsystems.• Performance of our hardware / firmware as a system.• The noise environment in the area in which we expect to put the
final PIXEL detector.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 11
Telescope Electronics / RDO
MIMOSTAR
2
MIMOSTAR
2
MIMOSTAR
2
Motherboard
Analog signalsClock & controlJTAGLU prot. Power
Analog signalsClock & controlCluster FIFOHot Pixel MapMemory Access(for full frame)Trigger infoPower
Stratix
Daughtercard
Trigger, Clockfrom MWPC
Powerfrom MWPC
JTAGx3 for MIMOSTARx1 for daughtercard
Latch upmonitor and reset
powerDDL to Linux PC
serial / ip connection
JTAG
Trigger, ClockCluster FIFOBusy to trigger
PC(WIN)
control conectionto PC in DAQ room
STRATIX
DAUGHTER CARD
RORC SIU
MimoStar2 chips on kapton cables
MOTHERBOARD
Acquisition Server (Linux)
Control PC (Win)
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 12
Telescope Sensors and Mechanical Housing
3 MIMOSTAR2 chips mounted as close together as reasonably possible on low mass kapton cables in a telescope configuration.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 13
Mimostar2 Telescope test at the ALS
1.2 GeV electrons at the ALS Booster Test Facility
ImportantDue to un-terminated DAC pads on the sensor, our noise level was double the value achieved under ideal conditions at IPHC in France.
IPHC =>11-15 electrons at 30º C LBL => 30-35 electrons at 28º C
MPV = 49 (Standard) and 43 (Radtol) ADC counts at ~230 electrons
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 14
Efficiency and Accidental rates for ALS test
Merged cluster data – typically 2-3 hits per cluster. Increased noise in sensors results in reduced performance.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 15
Telescope Installed at STAR
Magnet Pole Tip
Electronics Box
Beam Pipe
Telescope head – 1.45 m from interaction point just below beam pipe.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 16
STAR Prototype Run Results
Typical CDS full frame event in one sensor. Clusters are clearly visible above the noise level.
Measured charged particle flux was ~ 3.9 merged clusters per sensor (1.7 µs integration time, L=81026 cm-2s-1 ).Noise level of system in the STAR environment was 7.48 ADC counts, comparable to laboratory and ALS measurements.Prototype system integrated with STAR Trigger, slow control and run control sub-systems. Events delivered to DAQ standard RDO PC.TLD measured dose at head position, 325 rad over running time. This scales to an integrated dose of several hundred Krad / run.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 18
Summary for beam runs
• RDO system with data sparsification implemented and functional for Mimostar2 sensors.
• Prototype system characterized, but with increased noise.
• Fully functioning interfaces between our prototype detector and STAR detector infrastructure.
• Completed measurements of detector environment at STAR including induced electronic noise.
Leo Greiner 2007-09-11 TC_Int 19
Some tasks and milestones for the next year
• August 2008 – delivery of Phase-1 sensors from the foundry.
• Develop new generation RDO system based on Virtex-5 FPGA.
• Testing of Mimostar2, Mimostar3 and Mimosa22e sensors.
• Prototype low radiation length cable.