leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebis~ (azo-farnavazis

3

s a r C e v i

winaTqma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

kaleidoskopi

amonaridebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

saTaveebTan

qeTevan mania`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s Seswavlis istoriidan..................15

Ketevan Mania From the History of Investigation of Moktsevay Kartlisay (Conversion of Georgia): Source Study Perspective.............................15

malxaz kobiaSviliwm. andria saqarTveloSi.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Malkhaz KobiashviliSt. Andrew in Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

ia grigalaSviliqarTuli samociqulo eklesiis warmoSobis istoriisaTvis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Ia GrigalashviliAbout the History of Georgian Apostolic Church Origin.....................63

goCa kuWuxiZewmida nino da qarTlis moqceva. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Gocha KuchukhidzeSt. Nino and the Conversion to Christianity of Georgia.......................76

uwyebani

giorgi alibegaSvili, nino Jvaniaucxouri masalebi saqarTvelos moqcevaze.......................119

Giorgi Alibegashvili, Nino JvaniaForeign Sources on the Conversion of Georgia...................................119

4

saxismetyveleba

nana gonjilaSvili`ninos cxovrebis~ erTi paradigmuli saxe(kerp-RvTaeba armazis gansaxovneba)....................................137

Nana GonjilashviliOne Paradigmatic symbol of the “The Life of St. Nino”(The Personification of the Pagan-idol Armazi)..................................137

irina nacvliSvilimirian mefis `wigni – anderZi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176

Irina NatsvlishviliKing Mirian’s Letter-Testament..........................................................176

idea da rwmena

soso maxaraSvili

wm. nino, jvari vazisa da saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis sakiTxisaTvis...........................................210

Soso MakharashviliOn the Problem of St.Nino, Grapevine Cross and Virgin Mary, the Main Protector and Intercessor of Georgia....................................210

paralelebi

eka CikvaiZe nikoloz gulaberisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ da wminda ninos cxovreba..............................................................223

Ekaterine ChikvaidzeNikoloz Gulaberisdze’s “Miracles of Svetiskhoveli” and the Life of St. Nino...................................................................................223

Targmanebi

darejan menabde`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ ucxo enebze.......................................254

Darejan MenabdeMoktsevai Kartlisai in Foreign Language Translations.......................254

5

sagalobelTa eqo

qeTi niniZewminda ninos himnografiuli xati........................................288

Keti NinidzeSt. Nino’s Hymnographical Icon.........................................................288

bibliografia

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s bibliografia.......................................307

teqsti

moqcevaÁM qarTlisaÁ (Satberduli redaqcia)..........................327

6

winaTqma

XX saukuneSi qarTulma filologiurma mecnierebam TvalsaCino warmatebebs miaRwia. mniSvnelovani Sedege-bia mopovebuli Zveli qarTuli literaturis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiTac. dRes, XXI saukunis dasawyisSi, albaT, dadga dro Sejamdes qarTvel mkvlevarTa araerTi Taobis mier gaweuli Sroma, maTi mecnieruli miRwevebi, daisaxos axali gzebi, axali perspeqtivebi. am mizniT literaturis instituti iwyebs axali samecniero seriis `gzamkvlevis~ gamocemas. am seriiT momzaddeba da gamoqveyndeba Tema-turi samecniero krebulebi, romlebSic ganxiluli iqneba qarTuli mwerlobis kardinaluri problemebi. TiToeuli aseTi krebulisaTvis savaldebulo iqneba Zveli qarTuli literaturuli Zeglis teqstis dabeWdva, sakvlevi Tema-tikis irgvliv arsebuli sruli bibliografiis Sedge-na, sakiTxis istoriis mimoxilva, agreTve problemasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi istoriul-literaturuli da saxismetyvelebiTi sakiTxebis gaanalizeba. gansakuTre-buli axsna-ganmarteba ar sWirdeba, Tu ratom SeirCa xsene-buli seriis pirveli krebulis Temad `wm. ninos cxovreba~. qarTuli originaluri saeklesio mwerloba, Zalze anga-riSgasawevi mosazrebiT, swored qarTvelTa ganmanaTleb-lis `cxovrebiT~ unda iwyebodes.

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan moyolebuli dRemde araerTi naSromi gamoqveynda ̀ wm. ninos cxovrebisa~ da qar-Tlis moqcevis sxvadasxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT: axle-burad iqna gaazrebuli Zveli qarTuli saistorio wyaroe-bi Tu literaturuli Txzulebebi, warmoCenil iqna maTi kulturologiuri, ideologiuri da saxismetyvelebiTi aspeqtebi, gadasinjul iqna Zveli qarTuli teqstebisadmi Cvens mecnierebaSi damkvidrebuli hiperkritikuli damo-kidebuleba da sxv. miuxedavad amisa, dRemde ar arsebobs erTiani Semajamebeli naSromi, romelSic gadmocemuli iqneboda qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli arsebiTi sakiTxebi.

amitom literaturis institutis TanamSromelTa erT-ma jgufma, romelSic CarTulni arian agreTve specialis-

7

tebi sxva samecniero dawesebulebebidan, Seqmna samecnie-ro da bibliografiuli xasiaTis krebuli, saerTo saxel-wodebiT: `qarTuli qristianuli kulturis saTaveebTan – wm. ninos cxovreba da qarTlis moqceva~. krebulSi Sesuli statiebi asaxavs rogorc istoriul-literaturul, ise wyaroTmcodneobiT, ideologiur da saxismetyvelebiT Ziebebs.

`gzamkvlevis~ seriiT Seqmnil krebuls, cxadia, ara aqvs pretenzia mTeli sisruliT gaaSuqos `wm. ninos cxovreba-sa~ da qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli Tundac lit-eraturuli sakiTxebi. problemis sirTulidan gamomdina-re, es ubralod SeuZlebeli iqneboda. avtorTa koleqtivi ufro mokrZalebul mizans isaxavda: warmoeCina qarT-velTa ganmanaTleblis cxovreba-moRvaweobis umTavresi aspeqtebi, gadmoeca qarTlis gaqristianebis peripetiebi, garkveulwilad Seevso da Seejamebina Cven mecnierebaSi am kuTxiT warmoebuli Ziebebi; amave dros, SeZlebisdag-varad gamoeTqva axali mosazrebani, wamoeWra problemuri sakiTxebi, daesaxa maTi gadaWris gzebi da saSualebebi.

krebuli uTuod asaxavs qarTuli literaturaTmcod-neobis ganviTarebis dRevandel dones. is iqneba erTgvari gzamkvlevi rogorc specialistebisaTvis, ise xsenebuli TemiT dainteresebuli farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebi-saTvis. amasTanave, avtorTa koleqtivi da `gzamkvlevis~ saredaqcio sabWo da kolegia siamovnebiT miiRebs mkiTx-velis saqmian SeniSvnebs, mosazrebebsa da survilebs da gaiTvaliswinebs Tavis Semdgom muSaobaSi.

soso maxaraSvili

8

kalei doskopi

amonaridebi

qristes sjulis Semotanas qarTlSi wm. ninosagan miria-nis dros (265-342) mogviTxroben IV sauk. berZenT mweral-Taganni rufini da sozomeni da V sauk. somexTagani mose xoreneli, mogviTxroben im gvarad, rom ar SegiZliaT ar ifiqroT, imaT xelSi unda hqoniyoT Cveni cnoba: ese zed-miwevniT eTanxmebian am ukanasknelsa.

d. baqraZe

Tu Cven yuradRebiT ganvixilavT qarTlis moqcevis xronikas, advilaT davrwmundebiT, rom xronikis xasiaTi TaviTgan bolomdis erTgvari ar aris. Semoklebuli xro-nika qarTlis moqcevisa aRniSnavs ra romelime piris mefo-bas Tu erisTaobas, yovelTvis uCvenebs erT-or umTavres istoriul faqts mis mefobaSi momxTars da ixsenebs vin iyo mTavar-episkoposi, anu kaTolikosi. es sistema mtkiceT aris gatarebuli TaviTgan dawyebuli stefanoz II dromdis (639-663). xolo stefanoz II Semdeg es wesi uceb icvleba da Semoklebuli cnobebis magier erisTavebis mxolod sia aris moyvanili... ras moaswavebs es faqti, Tu ar imas, rom sia merme, mimatebuli da wineT ki qarTlis moqcevis qroni-ka stefanos II dromdis yofila moyvanili.

e. TayaiSvili

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ warmoadgens Zvels qarTuls sais-torio nawarmoebs dawerils me-4 sauk. ukanasknel meoT-xedSi berZnul enaze. avtors grigol diakons xelT hqonia uZvelesi qarTuli mateane, romelic dawerili unda yo-filiyo arameulad I saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. qarTuli mwerlobiTi Semoqmedebis pirvel nabijebs, kerZod sais-torio mwerlobis asparezzed, am gvarad mivyavarT uZve-les xanamdis.

s. kakabaZe

9

is garemoeba, rom uZvelesi qarTuli matianeebi Sedge-nili yofila armazSi, es rasakvirvelia moulodnels aras Seicavs da sruliad bunebrivad unda CaiTvalos. armazi, rogorc cnobilia, iyo iberiis samefos namdvili `dedaqa-laqi~, pirveli metropolia, uZvelesi politikuri da re-ligiuri centri qveynisa...

armazi hkargavs religiuri da kulturuli metropo-liis mniSvnelobas IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac iberiaSi qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda, da `warmarTuli~ armazis sakulto centrma dauTmo Tavi-si adgili qristianuli mcxeTis sakulto centrs.

amis Semdeg momxdara Zveli armazuli matianeebis gada-muSaveba mcxeTaSi axali kultis msaxurTa mier, romelTac dauweriaT matianeni qarTvelTa moqcevisani, da romel-Tac gamouyenebiaT rogorc erT-erTi wyaro Zveli arma-zuli matiane, romelic, rogorc irkveva, Seicavda iberiis mefeTa sias.

p. ingoroyva

Если в Армении затмила славу других просветителей личность св. Григория, а в Грузии – св. Нин, то мы не должны еще торопить-ся и заключением о соответсвенно широком значении их проповеди. Причины их популярности могут бить в значительной степени лите-ратурного характера. Она может быть, сдаётся мне, деистсвительно была детищем какого-то сильного литературного течения. Такое те-чение, надо думать, по какому-либо сродству, и в этом смысле не без исторического основания, облюбовывало известное областное пре-дание и давало ему такую авторитетную и популярную обработку, что все дальнейщие поколения должны были считаться с ним.

n. mari

is garemoeba, rom sparsuli winadadeba Satberdiseul xelnawerSi ase damaxinjebulia, cxadad amtkicebs, rom Sat-berdiseuli xelnaweri am c∼is Tavdapirveli nusxa-dedani ki ar aris, aramed gadmowerili unda iyves sxva xelnawe-riTgan, romelic amasTanave SeiZleba TviT gadmowerili yofiliyo Tavdapirvel nusxiTgan. swored am mravalgzisi

10

gadmoweris dros unda damaxinjebuliyo qarTulad swo-ri sparsuli winadadeba. es garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs, rom TviT w∼a ninos c∼a im saxiT, rogoradac igi Satberdiseul xelnawerSia Senaxuli, ufro IX saukuneSi unda iyos Sedge-nili, vidre X-Si.

iv. javaxiSvili

rodisaa dawerili es Txuleba? mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mTliani Txzulebis, krebulis, Sedgenis dro da ara misi nawilebisa, romelTagan, SeiZleba zogierTi marTlac Se-darebiT Zveli iyos. [...] es krebuli Sedgenilia arauadres mecxre saukunisa, daaxloebiT mis ukanasknel meoTxedSi.

K

k. kekeliZe

Tu vaRiarebT ninos cxovrebis istoriulobas, SeuZ-lebelia ar vaRiaroT, `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ ciklebis imTaviTve arseboba. Znelad warmosadgenia, rom ninos am-bebs istoriuli realobiT aRwerdnen, magaliTad, V sauku-neSi, berZeni mwerlebi, movses xorenaci, xolo qarTvelebi arafers ambobdnen masze. Tuki Cven imas, rac `wminda ninos cxovrebaSi~ weria, istoriul sinamdviled vaRiarebT, ra-tom unda uarvyofdeT TviT nawarmoebs?! Tuki wminda ni-nos istoriul pirovnebad CavTvliT /amas ki TiTqos arvin uaryofs/, warmoudgenelia, rom misi xseneba imTaviTve ar yofiliyo dawesebuli, anda rodisme moSliliyo sveticxo-velSi misi xseneba an Tundac dResaswauli sveti-cxovli-sa, anda jvris aRmarTvisa. SeiZleboda momxdariyo isec, rogorc sul bolo minaweri gvauwyebs _ `wigni moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ... viTarca talanti winamZRvarTagan dafaruli Semdgomad mravalTa JamTa da welTa vpoveTo~.

r. siraZe

`wm. ninos cxovrebis~ wyaroTmcodneobiTi kvleviT, aSkara Seiqmna, rom adgilobrivi versia aris wyaro ucxou-ri (somxuri, bizantiuri), versiebisaTvis da igi werilobiT gaformebuli Cans ukve IVs-Si. uZvelesi teqsti SemorCeni-lia da es aris swored `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁseuli~ `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqcia. qmnilebas aqvs Tavise-

11

buri kompozicia. igi Tavad wm. ninosa da mis TanamoRvawe-Ta mogonebebis krebuli saxiT gaformebuli Zeglia. misi avtori, Txzulebisave poziciiT _ redaqtor-Semdgeneli _ aris qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefis mirianis rZali dedofali salome uJarmeli. am ciklis pirveli teqstebi warmoiSvnen qarTlis moqcevis TiTqmis Tanadroulad, V.s. II naxevarSi ki maT bazaze Seiqmna Tvisebrivad axali nawar-moebebi, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, romelSic gaerTianda `ni-nos cxovrebis~ ciklis ori Sto.

m. CxartiSvili

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ da leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ (romelic `moqcevaÁs~ teqsts eyrdnoba) Se-morCenili unda gvqondes qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb arse-buli Zvelis-Zveli gadmocema, Seqmnili mcxeTel iudevel qristianTa wreSi. Cveni azriT, am varaudis sasargeblod metyvelebs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstSi (magram mxo-lod ninos legendis farglebSi) dadasturebuli e.w. sin-taqsuri siriizmebi, romliebic gamoavlina da Seiswavla c. qurcikiZem. msgavsi sintaqsuri konstruqciebi damaxasia-Tebelia palestinuri siriulisaTvis, imave arameulisaT-vis romelic qristianTa samwerlobo enas warmoadgenda.

araferia moulodneli imaSi, rom ninos legenda mar-Tlac Seqmnili da Cawerili yofiliyo mcxeTel iudevel-qristianTa wreSi, e.w. palestinur-siriul, arameul dia-leqtze, saidanac mogvianebiT (daaxl. Vs-is dasasruli) igi qarTulad iTargmna.

T. mgalobliSvili

n. janaSia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ matianis (qronikis) da leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebis~ (azo-farnavazis is-toriis nawilSi) detaluri Seswavlis Sedegad im daskvnam-de midis, rom leontis xelT hqonda aseTi sando cnobebis Semcveli matiane (TiTqos `mefeTa cxovrebis~ Tavdapir-veli varianti), romelic `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronikas emyareba... Cveni azriTac marTlac SesaZlebelia, rom ar-sebobda VIIs. Sedgenili aseTi matiane, magram ufro sava-raudebelia, rom igi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronikis pa-

12

ralelurad ki ar arsebobda, an mas ki ar emyareboda, ara-med piriqiT, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronika Sedga gvian, swored am matianis mixedviT, ufro sworad misi Semokle-bis gziT.

e. xoStaria-brose

`ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi plastebis rekonstruq-ciis Jams aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, rom [...] fraza (`sadac RmerTni RmerToben da mefeni mefoben~) adreuli redaqciis kuTvnilebaa, rac kidev ufro sarwmu-nos xdis akad. korneli kekeliZis mosazrebas, rom Cvenam-de moRweul teqstSi unda veZioT da gamovyoT uZvelesi fenebi.

r. baramiZe

savaraudoa, rom IV s-Si qarTul enaze marTlac arsebo-bda qarTlis gaqristianebis istoria, romelSic aRwerili iqneboda wm. Nninos misioneruli moRvaweoba. Aamas adastu-reben IV-V ss. bizantieli istorikosebi (gelasi kesarieli, rufinusi, Teodorite kvireli, sokrate sqolastikosi da ermia sozomene), romlebic daaxloebiT iseve mogviTxro-ben qarTlSi tyve qalis misionerul moRvaweobaze, ro-gorc es aris aRwerili `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~.

Tavdapirvelad ar arsebobda wigni saxelwodebiT `moq-cevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~. arsebobdnen wignebi, romelTac qarT-lis moqcevis wignebi ewodebodaT. am saerTo saxeliT SeiZ-leboda cnobili yofiliyvnen grigol diakonisa da `moq-cevaÁ qarTlisaÁs matianis~ (axali drois mecnierTa Serq-meuli saTauria) saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebi, `(wigni) ninoÁsi~, asurel mamaTa cxovrebis~ wignebi da SesaZloa sxvac, romelTa saxelebsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. cxadia, aseTi wignebi odesme unda gaerTianebuliyvnen erT krebu-lad, risi erT-erTi magaliTic aris rogorc Cans, sin-50. SemdegSi, Cans, kidev ufro daviwrovda qarTlis moqcevis wignebi Tavis Sinaarsis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac miviReT is `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, romelsac dRes Cven vicnobT Sa-tberduli da WeliSuri krebulebiT.

z. aleqsiZe

13

qarTlis saeklesio istoriis gadmocemisas gamoyene-buli saazrovno kategoriebi uCvenebs, rom am teqstSi ga-miznulad Cadebulma informaciam socialuri mexsierebis meqanizmebSi moaswro gadamuSaveba. es ki TavisTavad gu-lisxmobs sakmaod xangrZliv periods xdomilebidan mis werilobiT fiqsaciamde. cxadia, `ninos cxovreba~ Zalze Zvelia, magram saeWvoa igi CaiTvalos movlenis – qarTlis moqcevis Tanadroul Txzulebad. Zalze Znelia Zveli aRT-qmis bibliuri samyaros da bibliuri teqstebis aseTi Rrma, paradigmuri gaazrebis SesaZlebloba hqonoda ninos Ta-namedrove romelime avtors. aseve SeuZlebelia qarTlis moqcevis Tanadroulad scodnodaT amgvarad gadamuSave-buli, qarTul azrovnebasTan Seguebuli variantiT qris-tes kvarTis palestinuri legendebi da bolos, qarTveli avtoris cnobierebaSi mcxeTis ierusalimad moazrebas ar hqonda safuZveli qarTlis eklesiaSi ierusalimuri li-turgikuli praqtikis damkvidrebuli tradiciis saxiT.

m. surgulaZe

vfiqrob, marTebuli SeiZleba iyos varaudi, rodesac qristianoba saxelmwifo religiad iqna aRiarebuli, Seiqm-na am didi istoriuli aqtis aRmweri Txzuleba, romelsac, rogorc marTebulad varaudoben Tavidanve ewoda `moqce-vaÁ qarTlisaÁ~. Txzulebis daweris mTavari mizani es iyo, magram am movlenis aRweras win waemZRvara rogorc Sesava-li, warmarTuli xanis qarTlis istoria qarTlis samefos Seqmnidan gaqristianebamde...

meore wyebad Setanili unda iyos V-VII saukuneebis (40-ian wlebamde) movlenebi da bolos VII-IX saukuneebis Sesa-xeb momTxrobi nawili (e. TayaiSvili, s. janaSia).

meore nawilSi SedarebiT vrcladaa warmodgenili vax-tang gorgaslis moRvaweobasTan da bizantiis imperator herakles laSqrobebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi. me-same nawili, albaT, damatebulia IX saukuneSi. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~-Tvis ninos cxovrebis vrceli variantis dar-Tvis win.

m. lorTqifaniZe

14

Zvel avtorebs, Sua saukuneebSi arsebuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, rogorc cnobilia, winamorbedTa naSromebi `Ti-Tqmis mTlianad da ucvlelad SehqondaT Tavis saistorio TxzulebebSi~. Cans, aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme amje-radac, savaraudebelia, ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberdu-li versiis meore nawilSi _ `ninos cxovrebisa~ da `klar-jul mravalTavSi~ grigol diakonis Txzulebis daaxloe-biT sruli teqstia Semonaxuli da misi saxiT Cvens xelTaa erT-erTi uZvelesi – IVs. 20-ian wlebSi Seqmnili saeklesio Txzuleba.

v. goilaZe

15

saTaveebTan

qeTevan mania

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s Seswavlis istoriidan

qarTuli istoriografiuli Zegli `moqcevaÁ qarT-li-saÁ~ umniSvnelovanes pirvelwyaros warmoadgens qris-tianuli mwerlobis istoriisaTvis. Txzuleba erT-erTi uZvelesia qarTul sinamdvileSi, romelic warsulis Se-saxeb mravalmxriv saintereso informacias Seicavs da gamoirCeva natifi saxismetyvelebiT, mxatvruli Rirebu-lebiT. amitomac, mecnieruli qarTvelologiis Camoyali-bebis droidan moyolebuli dRemde misi kvleva specia-listTa gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebda da imsaxurebs.

winamdebare statiaSi mimovixilav kvlevis istorias Txzulebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli pirveli SexedulebebiT dawyebuli ukanaskneli periodis gamokvlevebis gaTva-liswinebiT, im problematikis mixedviT, romlebic dasmul iqna am Zeglis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT. es problemebia: daTariReba, Sedgeniloba, misi calkeuli nawilebis teqs-tologiuri kvlevis istoria, atribucia, redaqciebis urTierTmimarTebis garkveva, meTodologiuri da isto-riografiuli analizi. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, Zeglis TariRis dadgena dakavSirebulia mTeli rigi kar-dinaluri sakiTxebis gadaWrasTan _ mis teqstologiur SeswavlasTan, misi Semadgeneli nawilebisa da sxvadasxva redaqciis urTierTmimarTebis garkvevasTan, qarTuli da ucxouri monacemebis SedarebiT analizTan. aqedan gamomdinare, zogierT gamokvlevaSi erTdroulad araer-Ti sakiTxi aris Seswavlili, ramac ganapiroba statiaSi calkeuli gamokvlevebis ramdenjerme miTiTeba.

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Zeglis daTariRebis sakiTxis Seswavla

umTavresi sakiTxi, romlis garSemo azrTa sxvadasxvao-ba aRiniSna specialur literaturaSi iyo `moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁs~ Seqmnis TariRi. pirveli naSromebi XIX s-is miwu-ruls gamoqveynda. am periodisaTvis mecnierebi Zeglis Seswavlisas wyaros mxolod garegan kritikas aqcevdnen jerovan yuradRebas. specialur literaturaSi wyaros Sinagani analizis damkvidreba i. javaxiSvilis saxels ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Sewav-lisadmi miZRvnili gamokvlevebi, pirveladi teqstolo-giuri ZiebiT Semoifargleboda, romlis mixedviTac Sed-genis TariRi IX s-iT ganisazRvra istoriuli qronikis am ambebiT damTavrebis safuZvelze (xaxanaSvili 1893; kaka-baZe1912). aRniSnuli Sexedulebis sasargeblod i. javax-iSvili teqstSi arsebul anaqronizmze miuTiTebda da Tvlida, rom SeuZlebeli iyo Txzulebis IX s-ze adreuli periodiT daTariReba, radgan mkvlevris TvalsazrisiT, masSi daculi cnobebi istoriul sinamdvilesTan Sesabam-isobaSi ar modioda (javaxiSvili 1977: 103-111). Tumca, ma-leve Seiqmna am Tvalsazrisis gadasinjvis SesaZlebloba. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ axali _ WeliSuri redaqciis aRmo-Cenam ugulebelyo am azris marTebuloba. Satberdiseuli redaqciis axal variantTan SedarebiTma analizma cxadyo, rom es anaqronizmi gviandel Camatebas warmoadgenda (in-goroyva 1939:223-229).

amavdroulad gamoiTqva Txzulebis Tavdapirveli va-riantis ufro adre _ VII s-Si Sedgenis Tvalsazrisi. ar-gumentad saxeldeboda VII s-mde da VII s-is Semdgomi movle-nebis gansxvavebuli xasiaTi (TayaiSvili 1890). es Tvalsaz-risi SemdgomSi gaiziara mecnierTa nawilma (meliqiSvili 1959: 23-28; lorTqifaniZe 1966). maT Soris e. xoStaria-brosem, im sxvaobiT, rom p. ingoroyvas Sexeduleba VII s-Si vrceli matianis arsebobis Sesaxeb, romlis safuZvelze unda Seqmniliyo `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronikis mokle varianti (ingoroyva 1941: 259-321), axali sabuTianobiT gaamyara (xoStaria-brose 1991: 181-188).

aRiniSna qronikis kidev ufro adreuli periodiT da-

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TariRebis varaudi. T. Jordania miiCnevda, rom VI s-mde arsebobda uZvelesi saeklesio matiane, romlis Semokle-bul redaqcias warmoadgenda qarTlis moqcevis qroni-ka (Jordania 1892). daTariRebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa s. kakabaZis varaudic Sesabamisi argumenta-ciiT. mkvlevari ZeglSi berZnuli azrovnebis SeniSvniT, aleqsandre makedonelidan mirian mefis sikvdilamde am-bebis amsaxvel movlenebs IV s-Si berZnul enaze dawerilad Tvlida (kakabaZe 1924: 56-92).

aRniSnuli problemis kvlevis mxriv gansakuTrebulia XX s-is 80-iani wlebidan dRemde periodi. qarTuli wya-roTmcodneoba, rogorc mecniereba, swored am dros aR-wevs ganviTarebis mwvervals, rac aisaxa wyaros Seswavlis moTxovnilebebis zrdaSi. didi yuradReba mieqca Sina-arss, wyarosa da movlenis urTierTmimarTebas, kritikul Seswavlas. aqedan gamomdinare, gamoqveynebuli naSromebi Zeglis Sedgenis TariRis axleburad gadawyvetiT gamoir-Ceva. mecnierebi Txzulebis redaqtirebis xanad miiCnevd-nen rogorc IXs., aseve VIIs. teqstologiuri dakvirvebiT gamoikveTa daTariRebis ufro adreuli periodi _ V s-is II naxevari. m. CxartiSvili SeniSnavs, rom vaxtangis Sesaxeb Txrobis bolos gvxvdeba kaTalikosobis SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT Semajamebeli fraza. qarTuli eklesiis is-toriaSi kaTalikosobis SemoReba etapur movlenas warmo-adgenda. amitomac, mkvlevris SexedulebiT, aucileblad unda momxdariyo aRniSnuli movlenis amsaxveli istoriog-rafiuli naSromis Sedgena (CxartiSvili 1987a). qronikaSi sxvadasxva periodis plastebis arsebobaze miuTiTebs m. lorTqifaniZe. mecnieris azriT, Txzulebis Sevseba mox-da sam etapad. pirvel wyebad unda Sesuliyo aleqsandre makedonelis droidan IV s-is bolomde monacemebi, meore wyebad _ V-VII ss. 40-ian wlebamde movlenebi da bolos, VII-IX ss. momTxrobi nawili. bolo nawils IX s-Si damatebulad miiCnevs (lorTqifaniZe 2003:356-366). qronikis TariRis gansazRvras exeba n. nikoloziSvilis gamokvleva. avtori problemis gadasawyvetad qronikis sulieri kulturis analizs aniWebs upiratesobas, ris Sedegadac askvnis, rom qronika Seicavs qarTlis moqcevis Tanadroul saRvTis-

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metyvelo da liturgikul codnas wm. ninos mier uflis sa-didebeli locvis saxiT (nikoloziSvili 1991: 37-55).

sagangebo Ziebebi mieZRvna `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~ da-culi `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis daTariRe-bas. wyaros pirveladi SeswavliT aRniSnul iqna misadmi hiperkritikuli damokidebuleba _ garkveuli periodi mkvlevrebi Txzulebas IX s-is Zeglad miiCnevdnen. am daskv-namde midioda n. mari teqstis calkeuli Ffrazis (axal spar-suli winadadebis) analiziT (mari1897: 72) ukanasknel xans adgili hqonda am frazis axlebur paleografiul inter-pretacias z. aleqsiZe, a. gvaxarias mier. maT frazis qro-nologia ufro adreuli periodiT _ VII s-iT gansazRvres, maSin roca saSualo sparsuli ukve aRar aris, xolo axali sparsuli jer ar aris gabatonebuli (aleqsiZe, gvaxaria 2000: 11; aleqsiZe 2002: 35-43). garda n. maris zemoT aRniS-nuli Sexedulebisa, Txzulebas, gviandeli CanarTebis ga-movleniT, IX s-iT aTariRebda i. javaxiSvilic (javaxiSvi-li 1900: 55-70). SemdgomSi am Tvalsazrisis ufro gasamya-reblad teqstologiuri analizis Sedegebze damyarebuli ramdenime faqti iqna gamovlenili _ martis weliwadis moxsenieba, qarTlis kaTalikosis kirionis (VIIs.) da arsen didi safarelis (IXs.) nawarmoebebSi qarTlis ganmanaTle-blad ninos mouxseniebloba (kekeliZe 1956: 99-124).

varaudi Txzulebis adreuli periodiT daTariRebis Sesaxeb jer kidev d. baqraZes aqvs gamoTqmuli. igi miuTi-Tebda, rom qarTlis moqcevis ambebis gadmocemisas ber-Zeni mwerlebi qarTul cnobebs iyenebdnen (baqraZe 1889: 50). Txzulebis adreulobas aseve varaudobdnen m. Tarx-niSvili, g. meliqiSvili, i. lolaSvili, m. lorTqifaniZe, v. goilaZe (TarxniSvili 1994:179; meliqiSvili1959:23-28, lolaSvili 1978: 20; lorTqifaniZe 2003:356-366; goilaZe 1991: 50-91). `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ VII s-mde Seqmnis Sexedu-leba damowmebul iqna teqstSi xan-meturi formebis da-dasturebiT (gigineiSvili 1988:134-144), xolo qarTuli mravalTavebis gaanalizebiT wm. ninos kultis VI s-Si ar-seboba ivarauda m. van-esbrokma (metreveli 1976: 67-88). amave gziT Seiswavla da ZeglSi gamovlenili sintaqsuri siriizmebis safuZvelze palestinur-siriuli, arameul

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dialeqtze mcxeTel iudevel- qristianTa wreSi Caweri-lad da Vs-is dasawyisSi qarTulad Targmnilad miiCnevda T. mgalobliSvili (mgalobliSvili 1991). Tumca am mosaz-rebas mohyva kritika mecnierTa mxridan (CxartiSvili 1998: 10-11).

`wm. ninos cxovrebis~ daTariRebis gadasinjvis araerT mcdelobas hqonda adgili XX s-is 80-iani wlebidan. xangr-Zlivi kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad miRebulma gamocdilebam Txzulebis qarTlis moqcevis Tanadroulad Seqmnis ten-dencia warmoSva. gamoiTqva Tvalsazrisi `wm. ninos cxo-vrebis~ protoredaqciis IV s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis pir-veli qristiani mefis Zis meuRlis salome uJarmelis mier Sedgenis Sesaxeb (CxartiSvili 1987a). Tvalsazriss marTe-bulad miiCnevs m. lorTqifaniZe da a. jafariZe (lorT-qi-faniZe 2003: 356-366; jafariZe 1996: 73-185). aRniSnuli Se-xedulebis marTebuloba daadastura kulturuli aspeq-tebis analizmac. r. siraZem saxismetyvelebiTi analiziT (siraZe 1985: 153-173), gamoarkvia, rom `wm. ninos cxovreba~ ori gansxvavebuli cnobierebis kulturuli adaptaciis process asaxavs. es procesi mTeli intensivobiT ganekuT-vneba qristianobis Semosvlis periods, rac saSualebas aZ-levs mkvlevars Txzulebis calkeuli epizodebis IV s-iT daTariRebisaTvis. am daskvnamde midis mTavari fabuluri ciklebis cal-calke filologiuri analiziTac (siraZe 1989:235-259). yuradReba mieqca `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ ma-namde SeumCneveli teqstologiuri monacemebis Seswav-lasac (warmarTuli dReobis aRwerisas CarTuli mcxeTe-li warmarTebis mier warmoTqmuli fraza, RvTismSoblis mouxseniebloba, mirianis mier `fxovelTa zeda~ maxvilis mcired aRmarTvis epizodi, naklebad cnobili istoriuli faqtebis daculoba) da kidev erTxel dadasturebul iqna misi qarTlis moqcevis Tanadroulad Sedgena (kuWuxiZe 1999: 129-142). TxzulebaSi gamovlenil iqna ninos Tanamed-rove mwerlis mier Sedgenili teqstis fragmentic _ `sa-dac RmerTni RmerToben da mefeni mefoben~ (baramiZe 2003: 55-58). Tumca sakiTxis garSemo wamoWrili kamaTi amiT ar dasrulebula. ukanasknel xans radikalurad gansxvavebu-li Tvalsazrisi gamoiTqva daTariRebis sakiTxTan dakav-

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SirebiT qmnilebis saazrovno meqanizmis Sewavlis safuZ-velze. m. surgulaZis azriT, axali sulieri faseulobebis da msoflmxedvelobrivi elementebis moazreba xdeba jer kidev Zveli miTosuri saazrovno meqanizmiT. qarTlis sa-eklesio istoriis gadmocemisas gamoyenebuli kategorie-bi, mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, uCvenebs, rom am teqstSi gamiz-nulad Cadebulma informaciam socialuri mexsierebis meqanizmebSi moaswro gadamuSaveba. uTiTebs ra, medievist avtorebTan mocemul varauds, Tavad movlenidan mis miTi-zaciamde orsaukunovani Sualedis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, askvnis, rom saTuoa Txzulebis qarTlis moqcevis Tana-droulad Sedgena (surgulaZe 2001: 316-322).

Tumca aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom qristianobis sa-xelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas xangrZlivi Sesamzade-beli periodi uZRoda win. qristianobis pirveli mqadage-blebi xom pirvel saukuneSi modian saqarTveloSi da qris-tes mcnebas acnoben mosaxleobas. wyaroebiT dasturdeba qarTlis moqcevamde mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobiereba Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebSi. amis magaliTebi mravlad aris mocemuli ̀ wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~ _ naTlad Cans sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gafantul ebraelebs Soris warmoebul (mcxeTel ebraelebTan) miwer-moweris sabuTebSi, kvarTis istoriis gadmocemisas. sayuradReboa isic, rom dReisaTvis ga-dawyvetilia `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ sandoobis sakiTxi _ specialistebi sando istoriul wyarod aRiareben da amis gaTvaliswinebiT, teqstiseul monacemebs Tu Tvals gava-devnebT, jer kidev, I saukuneSi ikveTeba mZlavri kultu-ruli fenis _ mwignobrebis, sjulis mecnierebis, mTargm-nelebis arseboba. garda amisa, samecniero literaturaSi aRiarebulia, rom adreqristianuli xanis hagiografiuli Zeglebi didi literaturuli tradiciebiT sazrdoobda. yovelive zemoTqmuli gvaZlevs saSualebas vifiqroT, so-cialuri mexsierebis meqanizmebi sakmaod iyo Semzadebuli saimisod, rom qarTlis moqcevis droisaTvis Seqmniliyo moqcevis amsaxveli Txzuleba.

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Zeglis teqstologiuri kvleva

wyaroTmcodneobiTi Sefasebis dros umTavresi mniSv-neloba eniWeba wyaros teqstologiur kvlevas. aRsaniSna-via, rom Txzulebis nebismieri sakiTxis gadawyveta (daTa-riReba, atribucia, Sedgeniloba) teqstologiuri anali-zis Sedegebs emyareba. aqedan gamomdinare, gamokvlevebSi aRiniSneba naSromebi, romlebic wminda teqstologiuri problemebis Seswavlas emsaxureba da naSromebi, romle-bic sxvadasxva sakiTxis gadasawyvetad teqstologiur Zie-bas mimarTavs. am ukanasknelTa analizi Zeglis sxvadasxva sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriaSi gvaqvs CarTuli. amitomac SevCerdebiT wminda teqstologiur kvlevebze. aRniSnuli meTodiT warmarTulma Ziebam mravali saintereso Tval-sazrisi warmoSva. amis sailustraciod moviyvan ramdeni-me magaliTs. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~, rogorc cnobilia, dadasturebulia sintaqsuri siriizmebi, ris Sedegadac gamoiTqva `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ asurul enaze Sedgenis hipoTeza. amis sapasuxod enobrivi monacemebis gaSuqe-biT c. qurcikiZe aRniSnavs, rom TxzulebaSi siriizmebis dadastureba ver iqneba argumenti `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ asurul enaze (Tvalsazrisi gamoTqmulia koniberis mier 1900w.) Sedgenis Sesaxeb (SedarebisaTvis mohyavs sparsuli frazis daculoba) (qurcikiZe 1964: 67-97). enobrivi Tval-sazrisiT Seswavlil iqna axali, sinuri redaqciac (aleqsi-Ze 2004: 3-16). gaanalizebul iqna TxzulebaSi dadasture-buli anaqronizmebi. teqstologiuri dakvirvebiT gamov-lenil iqna qronikaSi redaqtoris orientiris meqanikuri aRrevis SemTxveva, ris Sedegadac m. CxartiSvilis Sexedu-lebiT, miviReT SuSanikis martvilobis vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgom xanasTan dakavSireba (CxartiSvili 1990: 145-149). aseve, Seswavlil iqna calkeuli bundovani adgilebi. qro-nikis meore Tavis bolos darTuli epizodis analiziT dadginda, rom aRniSnuli epizodi Tavidan warmoadgenda redaqtoris mier SeniSvnis saxiT aSiaze minawers, romelic Semdgomma gadamwerma teqstis organul nawilad CaTvala. aman ganapiroba n. nikoloziSvilis TvalsazrisiT, Ziri-Tad teqstTan misi warumatebeli adaptacia (nikoloziS-vili 2003: 21-32).

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Zeglis Sedgenilobis Seswavla

gansakuTrebuli interesiT ekidebodnen mkvlevrebi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Sedgenilobis Seswavlas. dRemde davis sagans warmoadgens istoriografiaSi sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Zegli erTi mTliani Txzulebaa Tu ori sxvadasxva nawarmoebisagan Sedgeba. zogi mecnieris mier Txzulebis Semadgeneli ori nawili or sxvadasxva nawarmoebad aris miCneuli (TayaiSvili 1890; kakabaZe 1912; javaxiSvili 1977; TarxniSvili 1994). amosaval postulatad isini miuTiTeb-dnen am nawilebis Janrobriv Taviseburebebze: pirvels _ istoriul qronikad, meores _ `wm. ninos cxovrebas~, ha-giografiul nawarmoebad asaxelebdnen. zogi mecnieris mier Txzulebis Semadgeneli nawilebi erT mTlianobad aris gaazrebuli. am mosazrebis umTavres argumentad sa-xeldeboda Txzulebis `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ saTauriT dawyeba da `wigni qarTlis moqcevisaÁ~... winadadebiT dam-Tavreba (kekeliZe 1943: 17-37). xazi gaesva maT Soris arse-bul Sinagan kavSirebs. Tumca istoriuli meTodiT `moqce-vaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~ daculi `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ mokle da vrcel redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis Ziebam maTi sxva-dasxvaobac gamoavlina. redaqciebis gansxvavebuli warmo-mavloba dadasturda maTi avtorebis stilis formalur-raodenobrivi meTodiT kvlevis Sedegad (CxartiSvili 1980a: 96-106). `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ struqturis Sesaxeb saintereso Sexeduleba aqvs gamoTqmuli z. aleqsiZes. mas samecniero mimoqcevaSi gansasjelad Seamoqvs sinas mTaze aRmoCenil qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciaSi moTavsebuli ori axli redaqcia, romelTa Seswavlis safuZvelze askv-nis, rom Tavidan arsebobda `qarTlis moqcevis wignebi~, sadac Sesuli iyo sxva TxzulebebTan erTad ̀ moqcevaÁ qar-TlisaÁ~ (qronika) da `wm. ninos cxovreba~, xolo SemdgomSi `qarTlis moqcevis wignebis~ daviwroebis Sedegad miRebu-lad miiCnevs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberdul da Weli-Sur krebulebs (aleqsiZe 1998: 25-32).

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Zeglis avtoris vinaobis Seswavla

gamokvleul iqna `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ avtoris vinao-bis sakiTxi. Txzulebam Cvenamde ramdenime redaqciiT moaRwia, romelTa atribuciis gansazRvra umTavresad istoriul-filologiuri analizis Sedegebs emyarebo-da. azrTa sxvadasxvaoba aRiniSna metafrasuli redaqciis avtoris vinaobis Sesaxeb, rac ganpirobebuli iyo Txzule-bis boloSi darTuli anderZis dazianebuli striqonebis sxvadasxvagvari amokiTxviT (Jordania 1902; karbelaS-vili 1902; TayaiSvili 1906; kekeliZe 1960:311-313; kakaba-Ze 1924: 56-92; janaSia 1940: 475-484; lolaSvili 1974: 7-17; gabiZaSvili 1978: 77-78). rogorc aRvniSneT, Sinaarsobri-vi kvlevis safuZvelze problemis axleburi gadawyveta gamoikveTa _ protoredaqciis avtorad, Txzulebisave poziciiT _ redaqtor-Semdgenlad salome uJarmeli iqna dasaxelebuli. damatebiTi teqstologiuri monacemebis moxmobiT aRniSnul TvalsazrisSi erTgvari dazusteba iqna Setanili g. kuWuxiZis mier. mkvlevari salome uJar-mels erT-erT redaqtorad asaxelebs, mTavari redaqtori ki misi TvalTaxedviT iyo saboloo gamformebeli, romel-mac SesavalSi miuTiTa `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Caweris saq-meSi salome uJarmelisa da peroJavr sivnielis Rvawlze, romelmac aRniSna mirianis anderZis saTaurSi anderZis salome uJarmelisaTvis gadacemis faqti (kuWuxiZe 1999: 129-142). SemdgomSi, g. kuWuxiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs sa-lome uJarmelTan dakavSirebul erT bundovan epizodze, romlis mixedviT wm. ninos mosavlelad bodSi Casuli sa-lome uJarmeli WeliSur da metafrasul redaqciebSi suji dedoflad aris moxseniebuli. cnobaTa urTierTSejere-bis Sedegad varaudobs, rom `suji~ igive salome uJarme-lia, rom qaragmiT (salomeze wm. ninos mier Tqmuli locvis bolos) miwerili dedoflis saxeli, teqstis gadamwerma sakuTar saxelad miiCnia (kuWuxiZe 2004: 26-35).

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Zeglis wyaroebis sakiTxis Seswavla

saTanado yuradReba mieqca `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ wya-roebis sakiTxs. am wyaroTa gamovlenas didi mniSvneloba aqvs Txzulebis sandoobisa Tu mematianis mier gamoyenebu-li meTodis gansasazRvravad. mieZRvna naSromebi `moqce-vaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ sxvadasxva redaqciaTa protoredaqciis dadgenas. gamorkveul iqna, rom perifrazuli redaqcia metafrasulisagan momdinareobs (cxadaZe 1956: 390-401), xolo metafrasulis wyarod miCneuli iyo Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqcia (javaxiSvili 1977: 187; kekeliZe 1980: 280; qurcikiZe 1967: 269-275). mogvianebiT, metafrasuli variantis wyarod dasaxelebul iqna protoWeliSuri anu Satberdulisa da WeliSuris saerTo protografi. gamoi-Tqva gansxvavebuli Sexedulebac. sxvadasxva redaqciebis (Satberduli, WeliSuri, mroveliseuli, metafrasuli) cnobaTa urTierTSejerebiT, g. kuWuxiZe adreul perio-dSi ori redaqciis Seqmnis varauds gamoTqvams, romlebic Satberdul-WeliSur xelnawerebma Semogvinaxes (kuWuxiZe 2004:26-35). gamokvleul iqna mroveliseuli redaqciis wya-ros sakiTxic. misi xan Satberdul, xan WeliSur redaqcieb-Tan msgavsebis safuZvelze gamoiTqva mrovelis mier orive wyaroTi sargeblobis Sexeduleba (yubaneiSvili 1940:91-101). am mosazrebas zogi mkvlevari aramarTebulad Tvlida da ̀ cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTas~ wyarod ̀ moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁs~ gansxvavebul redaqcias (meliqiSvili 1959: 23-28), Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciis saerTo dedans asaxeleb-da (CxartiSvili 1980b: 114-121). orive Txzulebis avtore-bis erTi saerTo wyaroTi sargebloba dadasturebul iqna maTive urTierTmimarTebiTi analiziTac (abaSiZe 1991: 108-116). Tumca specialur literaturaSi aRiniSna maT Soris sxvaobac, rasac g. araxamia wyarosadmi kritikul midgomis gamoxatulebad Tvlis (araxamia 1991: 47-69). Seswavlil iqna TviTon `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ wyaroebis sakiTxic. teqstologiur-SedarebiTi kvleviT Txzulebis wyarod dasaxelebul iqna armazuli matiane (ingoroyva 1941: 259-321), aleqsandre kviprelis jvris gamoCinebis sakiTxavi (mgalobliSvili 1975: 57-65), Cvenamde mouRweveli VII s-is

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matiane (xoStaria-brose 1991: 181-188), grigol diakonis Txzuleba (goilaZe 2003: 70-76). Txzulebis wyarod VII s-is matianes miiCnevs e. xoStaria-brose. rogorc cnobilia, VII s-is matianes Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, mis Sesaxeb mkvlevari isev da isev `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ monacemebiT msjelobs. igi Tvlis, rom am matianis Semoklebul variants warmoad-gens qronika. amis Sesaxeb araerTi varaudi aRiniSna e. xoS-taria-broses winamorbed mecnierTa mxridan. maTgan gansx-vavebiT, e. xoStaria-brose Seecada daedasturebina VII s-is matianis kvali `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronikis saxiT da leonti mrovelTan (xoStaria-brose 1991: 181-188; xoSta-ria-brose 1996; xoStaria-brose 2001: 380-384). ukanasknel xans sayuradRebo mosazreba aRiniSna grigol diakonis Txzulebis Sesaxebac. Txzuleba specialur literaturaSi dakargulad iTvleboda. Tumca mkvlevrebi adreve gamoTq-vamdnen varauds, jvris aRmarTvis sakiTxavis grigol dia-konis kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb. bolo xanebSi sakiTxs Seexo v. goilaZe. misi dakvirvebiT, swored, grigol diakons unda ekuTvnodes `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ me-14 TavSi daculi jvris aRmarTvis sakiTxavi, romelsac IV s-is 20-ian wlebSi qarTul enaze Sedgenilad acxadebs (goilaZe 2003: 70-76).

gaanalizebul iqna `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ ucxouri bi-zantiuri da somxuri redaqciebi, romlebsac saqarT-velos istoriis avtoritetuli mkvlevrebi Txzulebis vrceli redaqciis wyaroebad miiCnevdnen (javaxiSvili 1977: 103-111; kekeliZe 1943: 17-37). aRniSnuli Sexeduleba ar iqna gaziarebuli maTive Tanamedrove Tu Semdgomi is-torikosebis mier. maTgan gansxvavebiT, d. baqraZe qarTul versias miuTiTebda ucxouri redaqciebis wyarod (baqraZe 1889). `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ adgilobrivi versiis dadgenis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani Ziebebi Catarda XX s-is 80-ian wlebSi. qarTul-ucxouri masalebis SedarebiTi analizis Sedegad dadasturda, rom bizantiuri da somxuri ver-siebis pirvelwyaro adgilobriv Seqmnili Txzuleba iyo (CxartiSvili 1987a; siraZe 1989: 235-259). gamokvleul iqna somxur svinaqsarul redaqciebTan urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxic (afciauri 2000: 261-265). aRiniSna misi, rogorc istoriuli wyaros, gamoyenebis mcdeloba. gamoirkva,

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rom `wm. ninos cxovreba~ Zvirfas cnobebs Seicavs Crdilo kavkasiisa da kavkasiis albaneTis tomebis qarTlis same-fosTan politikuri Tu kulturuli urTierTobis isto-riisaTvis (wulaia 1979: 97-107). aseve warmoCenil iqna `mo-qcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ mniSvneloba qarTlis socialuri da politikuri istoriis SeswavlisaTvis (gogolaZe 2004).

Zeglis saxismetyvelebiTi analizi

gaSuqebul iqna `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ axali, manamde Se-umCneveli aspeqtebi. Zegli uxvad Seicavs sakralur siu-Jetebs, TiTqmis yovel epizodSi vxvdebiT saxarebiseul qveteqstebs, aqve mravladaa daculi warmarTuli azrovne-bis nimuSebi. e.i. Txzuleba sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis gardamaval etaps asaxavs. aRniSnul kulturul-istori-uli siuJetebis kvlevas saTanado yuradReba mieqca spe-cialur literaturaSi. Zeglis saxismetyvelebis Seswav-las sagangebo naSromi miuZRvna r. siraZem, romelmac Se-mogvTavaza ninos saxis qristianuli da warmarTobidan momdinare simbolikis analizis safuZvelze qarTuli war-marTuli panTeonis mTavari qal-RvTaebis `didi-dedis~ anu `deda-uflis~ rekonstruqcia. mecnieri aRniSnavs, rom ninos saxe mravalmxrivia, rom esaa nimuSi warmarTu-li idealebis qristianulad modificirebisa, razec, mi-sive dakvirvebiT, miuTiTebs masSi ori niSan-Tvisebis Serwyma `dedufali~ da `tyve~. `dedufali~ aq warmarTo-bidan momdinare maxasiaTebeli unda iyos, xolo `tyve~ _ qristianuli idealebis gamomxatveli. amasTan sxva warmarTul-qristianuli saxeebis (mcxeTa da ierusalimi; baRi da samoTxe; `Tvali patiosani~; mzis dabneleba; mayv-lovani da àdgilis deda~; `mTa~; `xe~; xe da iremi; `jvari nasxlevisa~; `sveticxoveli~) SedarebiTi ganxilviT gamo-arkvia, rom xdeba Zveli warmodgenebis desakralizeba da maTTvis axleburi mniSvnelobis miniWeba (siraZe 1985: 153-173). Txzulebis simbolikebiT gadmocemuli sakraluri Sinaarsis aspeqtebs asaCinovebs l. patariZec. mkvlevari ramdenime epizodis analiziT (maT Soris `wigni dabeWdu-lis~, romelsac moiazrebs, rogorc erTgvar nebarTvas

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warmarTul qveyanaSi qristianuli sjulis saqadageblad; `naZvi libaniT mosulis~, romlis sulier da materialur mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs; elias xalenis, romlis mcxeTaSi daculobas meored mosvlis epoqaze miniSnebad miiCnevs) warmoaCens sakraluri droisa da sivrcis aRqmis sakiTxs adreqristianuli xanis saqarTveloSi. askvnis, rom Txzu-lebaSi simbolizirebulia, ara marto àxali~ Jamis mowev-na, aramed mocemulia sivrcis sakralizaciac (patariZe 1988: 103-108; patariZe 1989: 58-63; patariZe 1993).

Zeglis siwmindeebis qristes kvarTisa da elias xalenis simbolikis gaazreba mocemulia m. CxartiSvilis mesia-nisturi sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnil naSromSi. mkvlevari gamoTqvams Tvalsazriss, rom qristes madlis qarTvel erze gadmosvlis miniSnebad miTiTebulia qristes kvar-Tis da elias xalenis mcxeTaSi daculoba. aRniSnavs, rom qristes jvarcmis Semdgom uflis rCeulma erma _ ebrae-lebma dakarges uflis madli da awmyo droSi es madli gad-moeca qarTvel ers ebraelebis xeliT, xolo, rac Seexeba elias xalenis mcxeTaSi daculobas, Tvlis, rom zemoT-xsenebuli Sexeduleba moiTxovs ganviTarebas _ mcxeTaSi daculi xaleniT ara marto droze migveniSneba, aramed adgilze, sadac mova elia. adgilis lokalizacia ki Sesa-Zlebelia iq, sadac daculia siwmindeebi _ eliozianTa saxli da samefo baRi (CxartiSvili 1999: 6-17).

gaanalizebul iqna adgilebis simbolikis sakiTxic. ganixilavs ra, javaxeTis mTebis da farvanas tbas simbo-lur mniSvnelobas v. inauri, miuTiTebs, hagiografiuli nawarmoebis ZiriTadi sqema uflis cxovrebis identuria, wmindanis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis gzas avtori uflis gzas amsgavsebs. qristianuli simbolikis gaazrebisa da paralelebis safuZvelze Tvlis, rom javaxeTi da farvana ninosTvis da saqarTvelosTvis galileas funqcias asru-lebs _ uflis gza galileadan ierusalimamde da ninos gza javaxeTidan mcxeTamde (inauri 2003: 79-82).

gamoiTqva RvTismSoblis simboluri saxis dadasture-bis Sexeduleba. am TvalsazrisiT gaanalizebul iqna `mayv-lovanis~ leqsikuri da simboluri mniSvneloba. teqstol-giuri dakvirvebiT (q. bezaraSvili, b. kuli) gamorkveul

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iqna, rom `mayvali~/`mayvlovans~ 1) ekliani buCqis, 2) may-vali, mayvlis buCqis mniSvneloba hqonda, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi kargavs pirvel mniSvnelobas da Tanamed-rove qarTulSi SemorCenilia meore mniSvnelobiT. mkvlev-rebi askvnian, rom mayvlis es mniSvneloba Zvel qarTul teqstebSi asaxavs da imeorebs moses ekliani buCqis leqsi-kur da simbolur mniSvnelobas (bezaraSvili, kuli 2000: 56-70). TxzulebaSi mayvlovans mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia, radgan wm. nino RvTismSoblis nacvlad igzavneba saqarT-veloSi qristianobis saqadageblad. swored, mayvlovanSi idebs binas wm. nino, aq aRmarTavs `jvari nasxlevisas~, aq axdens saswaulebs _ gankurnavs nana dedofals. am da sxva teqstologiuri monacemebis safuZvelze, q. elaSvili mi-iCnevs, rom `mayvlovanis~ saxismetyvelebiTi mniSvneloba TiTqosda aRemateba bibliur simbolikas, es `Seuwveli buCqi~ moiazreba rogorc RmerTis droebiTi sasufeveli. misi azriT, qarTul hagiografiaSi ̀ mayvlovanSi~ igulisx-meba RvTismSobeli an RvTismSoblisgan `xeldasmulni~ (elaSvili 2000: 45-47).

gamokvleul iqna Txzulebis bibliuri paradigmebi. ga-moTqmulia mosazreba, rom qarTlis ganmanaTleblis um-Tavres bibliur paradigmad _ yovladwminda RvTismSo-beli, xolo mirian mefis paradigmad _ konstantine didi moiazreba. teqstologiuri meTodiT gaanalizebul iqna sxva bibliuri paradigmebi _ iosebi da wm. nino, pavle da miriani. am paradigmebis erT konteqstSi warmodgena g. alibegaSvilis SexedulebiT, iseTi sayuradRebo saxe-ideebs gamohyofs, romlebic mniSvnelovan miTiTebebs iZleva saqarTveloSi arsebul qristianul realiebze da saerTod, qarTuli qristianuli kulturis istoriisaT-vis (alibegaSvili 2001: 11-17).

warmarTuli warmodgenebis qristianuli modificire-bis analizis mcdeloba sami mniSvnelovani paradigmuli saxis _ kerp-RvTaeba armazis, kerpTa msxvrevis da bivrit-bivrilis Tvali patiosanis Seswavlis safuZvelze mocemu-lia n. gonjilaSvilis specialur monografiaSi. naSromSi warmoCenilia maTi arqetipuli saxe-ideebi, simboluri mniSvneloba, axali saxismetyvelebiTi Sinaarsi. Seswav-

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lilia aRniSnul paradigmul saxeTa konkretul-istoriu-li Sinaarsi da tipologiuri mimarTebani mxatvrul nawar-moebebTan da sxvadasxva religiur msoflmxedvelobasTan (gonjilaSvili 2006).

sayuradRebo konteqstSi iqna gaazrebuli `wm. ninos cxovreba~. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi momxdarma cvli-lebebma wamoWra istoriuli mecnierebis meTodologiuri gadaxalisebis sakiTxi. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa m. CxartiSvilis gamokvleva romelic Seexeba qarTuli iden-tobis istoriis gaazrebas. Teoriul CarCod aRebuli aqvs britaneli mecnieris e. smiTis Sromebi eTnikurobis Sesa-xeb. mkvlevari warmogvidgens smiTiseul eTnikur ganzo-milebaTa TvalTaxedviT qarTvelTa cxovrebaSi momxdari umniSvnelovanesi faqtis _ moqcevis istoriis ganxilvas da askvnis, rom ideologiurad gardamavali epoqis sazoga-doebaSi gamoikveTa qarTuli identoba _ terminiT naTe-savi, rogorc transeTnikuri religiis Seqmnis periodSi eTnikuri TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis gamoxatuleba (Cx-artiSvili 2002: 32-47).

Zeglis sandoobis sakiTxis Seswavla

vinaidan ama Tu im Zeglis kvlevis dros erT-erT umniSv-nelovanes amocanas misi sandoobis sakiTxis gamokvleva warmoadgens, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ am kuTxiT analizs mieZRvna specialuri naSromebi. Zeglis Seswavlis sawyis etapze mis mimarT hiperkritikuli damokidebuleba ga-moikveTa. i. javaxiSvili fsevdo-epigrafikul nawarmoebTa ricxvs miakuTvnebda da masSi dacul cnobebs ndobis Rir-sad ar Tvlida, gvian SeTxzulad da yalbad acxadebda (javaxiSvili 1977: 103-111). cnobebs nawilobriv legenda-ruls uwodebdnen k. kekeliZe da m. TarxniSvili (kekel-iZe 1943: 17-37; TarxniSvili 1994: 179) ukanaskneli xanis gamokvlevebiT (m. CxartiSvilis, r. siraZis, v. goilaZis) ki dadasturda, rom sando istoriul wyaros warmoadgens. daZleul iqna nihilizmi. mkvlevrebi meti ndobiT ekide-bian maTSi daculi cnobebis analizs, vinaidan isini isto-riuli realobis amsaxvelia. amis erT-erTi magaliTia n.

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nikoloziSvilis sadisertacio naSromi ̀ qarTli elinizmi-sa da qristianobis saTaveebTan `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ da `qarTvel mefeTa cxovrebis~ mixedviT (nikoloziSvili 2006). aq `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ cnobebi verificirebu-lia aleqsandre makedonelis droidan vidre qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad aRiarebamde (CaTvliT) periodSi. wyaros avTenturoba dadasturebulia kidev erTxel.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca Sinagani kritiki-saTvis istoriografiuli TvalsazrisiT kvlevas, rad-gan swored am gziT aris SesaZlebeli faqtebis fiqsaciis principis amocnoba. aRiniSna qarTuli istoriuli azris ganviTarebis sakiTxis ganxilva adre feodaluri xanis qarTuli saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT, romelTa Soris gaanalizebulia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (lorTqifaniZe 1966). TxzulebaSi damowmebul iqna faqtebisadmi istori-uli midgoma (CxartiSvili 1985: 124-130).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis sakiTxebi mravali kuTxiT iqna warmoCenili qristeSobis ori aTasi wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil saerTaSoriso simpo-ziumze. rogorc aq wakiTxul moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarse-bis krebuli cxadyofs, gamomsvlelebi aSuqebdnen termi-nologiis, qronologiis, istoriografiis Tu sxva mniSv-nelovan sakiTxebs (qristianoba... 2000).

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom am ukanaskneli periodis mecnieru-li gamokvlevebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT araerTi sayuradRebo Sexeduleba aqvs gamoTqmuli r. siraZes `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ skolaSi swavlebis Taobaze (siraZe 1992). sakiTxis dasma warmatebuli aRmoCnda _ dReisaTvis Txzuleba iswavleba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi qrestomaTia 1999).

Ppublikaciebi da Targmanebi

Zeglis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs mis publikacias, romelic umTavresad xorcieldeboda teqstologiuri analizis Sedegad. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ pirveli gamocema ekuTvnis e. TayaiSvils _ teqsti cal-calke or nawilad gamoaqveyna, rac ganpirobebuli iyo

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mkvlevris poziciiT Zeglis SedgenilobasTan dakavSire-biT _ igi Semadgenel nawilebs or damoukidebel nawar-moebad miiCnevda (TayaiSvili 1890; misive 1891). Txzulebis nawili daibeWda T. Jordanias qronikebSi (Jordania 1892). igi Sesulia Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis ZeglebSi: pirvel tomSi _ Satberdul- WeliSuri redaq-cia (1963), mesame tomSi _ metafrasuli redaqcia (1971), meoTxe tomSi _ svinaqsaruli redaqcia (1968). Txzule-bis xelaxali gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT ganxorcielda misi kritikuli gamocema b. gigineiSvilisa da e. giunaSvilis mier (Satberdis krebuli 1979).

sxvadasxva qveynis specialistTa interesis gaTval-iswinebiT, ganxorcielda ucxour enebze Targmanebi Tana-medrove mecnieruli miRwevebis Sesatyvisi komentirebiT. Txzulebis pirveli rusuli Targmani Sesrulebul iqna e. TayaiSvilis mier (TayaiSvili 1900), romlis xelaxali gamocema Sesabamisi redaqciuli cvlilebebiT da komen-tarebiT SemogvTavaza m. CxartiSvilma (CxartiSvili 1989). Zegli Targmnil iqna inglisur enaze (uordropi 1900: 1-88), germanul enaze (PpeCi1975: 288-337), polonur enaze (kolbaia1995).

amrigad, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ analizi erT-erTi aq-tualuri sakiTxia qarTul istoriografiaSi. Zeglis Seswavla intensiurad mimdinareobda mecnieruli qarT-velologiis Camoyalibebis droidan moyolebuli. zemoT ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze gamoirkva, rom Txzulebis kvleva drois sxvadasxva monakveTSi gansxvavebul xasiaTs atarebda. Zeglis Seswavlisadmi miZRvnili pirveli naS-romebi XIX s-is miwuruls qveyndeba, romlebic pirveladi teqstologiuri ZiebiT Semoifargla. vinaidan am period-Si mkvlevrebi wyaros mxolod garegan kritikas aqcevdnen jerovan yuradRebas, aRniSnul naSromebSi asaxva hpova Tanadrouli epoqis mecnierulma miRwevebma. sruliad gansxvavebulia Zeglisadmi midgoma XX s-is dasawyisSi. am droisaTvis specialur literaturaSi wyaros Sinagani kritika mkvidrdeba. Txzulebis pirvelxarisxovani Sina-gani analiziT misdami hiperkritikuli damokidebuleba gamoikveTa da gviandel qmnilebad gamocxadda. es Sexedu-

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leba karga xans dominirebda specialur literaturaSi. qarTlis moqcevis amsaxveli Txzulebis Seswavlis Tval-sazrisiT mniSvnelovani etapi XX s-is 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba, rac ganpirobebuli iyo sazogadoebriv cnobiere-baSi momxdari cvlilebebiT: ixveweba kvlevis meTodebi, icvleba sakiTxebisadmi Teoriuli midgoma, adgili hqonda meTodologiur gadaxalisebas. aRZrul iqna yvela arse-biTi problema: didi yuradReba eTmoboda teqstologiur sakiTxebs, Tavdapirveli redaqciis gamovlenas, atribu-cias, daTariRebas, wyaros cnobebis urTierTSejerebas da sxv. gamoiTqva axali Tvalsazrisebi, gakeTebul iqna ax-leburi interpretaciebi. am sakiTxebze daiwera sagangebo monografiebi, iTargmna rusul da evropul enebze. Tumca bevri ram gakeTda, rogorc vnaxeT, azrTa erTianoba araa miRweuli. jer kidev diametralurad gansxvavdeba bevri Tvalsazrisi. umTavresi rac moxda, nihilizmi daiZlia, gansakuTrebiT qronikis informaciisa da `wm. ninos cxov-rebis~ mimarT. meti ndobiT aRiareben cnobebis avTenturobas.

damowmebani:

abaSiZe 1988: abaSiZe e. qarTlis istoria `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-Si. – saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, № #3, 1988.

abaSiZe 1991: abaSiZe e. `qarTlis cxovreba~ da `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s urTierTmimarTebiTi sakiTxebi. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, #№ 3, 1991.

aleqsiZe 1998 : aleqsiZe z. ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s struqturisaTvis. saqarTvelos eklesiis, qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisa da qristianuli xelovnebis istoriis sakiTxebi, Tb.: gamomcemloba `wminda nino~, 1998.

aleqsiZe, gvaxaria 2000: aleqsiZe z., gvaxaria a. sparsuli fraza `mo-qcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ teqstSi. _ qristianoba: war-suli, awmyo, momavali, saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, moxsenebaTa mokle Si-naarsebi. Tb.: 2000.

aleqsiZe 2002: aleqsiZe z. kvlav sparsuli fraza `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ teqstSi. gelaTis mecnierebaTa aka-demiis Jurnali, #№ 2, quTaisi: 2002.

aleqsiZe 2004: aleqsiZe z. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s matianis axali re-daqcia. gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali, № #3, quTaisi: 2004.

alibegaSvili 2001: alibegaSvili g. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s paradig-mebi. literaturuli Ziebani, XXII, 2001.

araxamia 1991: araxamia g. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s da `cxovreba qar-TvelTa mefeTa~. istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi gamokvlevebi. Tb.: ga-momcemloba `mecniereba~, 1991.

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afciauri 2000: afciauri n. qarTvelTa gaqristianebis sakiTxebi `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ somxur svinarqsarul redaqciaSi. mesxeTi: 2000.

baramiZe 2003: baramiZe r. qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan. litera-turuli Ziebani, XXIV, Tb.: 2003.

baqraZe 1889: baqraZe d. istoria saqarTvelosi . tf.: stamba e. g. mes-xisa, 1889.

bezaraSvili, kuli 2000: bezaraSvili q., kuli b. `mayvlovanis~ gagebi-saTvis Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi. literaturuli Ziebani, XXI, Tb.: 2000.

gabiZaSvili 1978: gabiZaSvili e. ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1978.

gigineiSvili 1988: gigineiSvili b. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s qronolo-gia. mnaTobi, #№ 8, Tb.; 1988.

gogolaZe 2004: gogolaZe m. qarTlis socialuri da politikuri is-toria ~moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s mixedviT. Tb.: gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2004.

goilaZe 1991: goilaZe v. qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan. Tb.: ga-momcemloba `saqarTvelo~, 1991.

goilaZe 2003: goilaZe v. dakargulad unda miviCnioT grigol diako-nis Txzuleba? saistorio vertikalebi, № #4, 2003.

gonjilaSvili 2006: gonjilaSvili n. `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ para-digmuri saxeebi, Tb.: gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2006.

elaSvili 2000: elaSvili q. RvTismSoblis simboluri saxe da adreu-li periodis qarTuli hagiografia. _ literaturuli Ziebani, XXI, Tb.: 2000.

TarxniSvili 1994: TarxniSvili m. `qarTuli eklesiis adreuli isto-riis somxur-qarTuli wyaroebi. werilebi, Tb.: gamomcemloba `kandeli~, 1994.

TayaiSvili 1890: TayaiSvili e. sami istoriuli xronika (I nawili). tf.: 1890.

TayaiSvili 1891: TayaiSvili e. axali varianti `wm. ninos cxovrebisa~ (meore nawili). tf.: 1891.

TayaiSvili 1906: Такаишвили Е. С., Описание рукописей, Тф.: 1906. inauri 2003: inauri v. javaxeTi `ninos cxovrebaSi~. literaturuli

Ziebani, XXIV, Tb.: 2003.ingoroyva 1939: ingoroyva p. qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle mi-

moxilva. mnaTobi, № #9, Tb.: 1939.ingoroyva 1941: ingoroyva p. Zveli qarTuli matiane `moqcevaÁ qar-

TlisaÁ~ da antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe, XI-B, 1941.

kakabaZe 1912: Какабадзе С.С. О древнегрузинских летописцах Х в. Тф. Электро-печ. А. Кереселидзе, 1912.

kakabaZe 1924: kakabaZe s. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~. saistorio Ziebani, Tb.: gamomcemloba `saxelgami~, 1924.

karbelaSvili 1902: karbelaSvili p. cxovreba wmida ninosi. tf.: 1902.kekeliZe 1943: kekeliZe k. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Sedgeniloba, wya-

roebi da erovnuli tendenciebi. literaturuli Ziebani, I, Tb.: 1943.

34

kekeliZe 1956: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli weliwadi. etiudebi, I, Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1956.

kekeliZe 1960: kekeliZe k. qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1960.

kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1980.

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kuWuxiZe 1999: kuWuxiZe g. kidev erTxel `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ daTar-iRebisaTvis. literaturuli Ziebani, XX, Tb.: 1999.

kuWuxiZe 2004: kuWuxiZe g. vin iyo suji dedofali. literaturuli Ziebani, XXV, Tb.: 2004.

lolaSvili 1974: lolaSvili i. metafrasuli `ninos cxovrebis~ av-toris vinaobisaTvis. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, enis seria, #№ 4, 1974.

lolaSvili 1978: lolaSvili i. qarTuli wignisa da mwerlobis sawyi-sebTan. Tb.: 1978.

lorTqifaniZe 1966: lorTqifaniZe m. adre feodaluri xanis qar-Tuli saistorio mwerloba. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.

lorTqifaniZe 2003: lorTqifaniZe m. adre Suasaukuneebis qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis zogi sakiTxi. - valerian gabaSvili. Tb.: gamomce-mloba `meridiani~, 2003.

mari 1897: Марр Н. Я., Хитон господен в книжных легендах армян, грузин и сирийцев. - сборник статей учеников проф. В.Р. Розена, П.: 1897.

mgalobliSvili 1975: mgalobliSvili T. aleqsandre kvipreli mo-nazvnis jvris gamoCinebis sakiTxavi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s erT-erTi wyaro. mravalTavi, IV, 1975.

mgalobliSvili 1991: mgalobliSvili T. klarjuli mravalTavi. te-qsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo T. mgalobliSvilma. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1991.

meliqiSvili 1959: Меликишвили Г.А., К истории древней Грузии, Тб.: 1959.metreveli 1974: metreveli e. axali naSromi qarTul mravalTavebze.

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, enis seria, № ##4, 1974.nikoloziSvili 1991: nikoloziSvili n. `naTel-iRo wylisa da miwisa-

gan~. literatura da xelovneba, № #3, 1991. nikoloziSvili 2003: nikoloziSvili n. tyve ganmanaTleblebi (`mo-

qcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s erTi bundovani adgilis ganmartebisaTvis). klio, № ##20, Tb.: 2003.

nikoloziSvili 2006: nikoloziSvili n. qarTli elinizmisa da qris-tianobis saTaveebTan `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s da `qarTvel mefeTa cxo-vrebis~ mixedviT.disertacia wardgenili istoriis mecnierebaTa kandi-datis xarisxis mosapoveblad, Tb.: 2006.

patariZe 1988: patariZe l. `ninos cxovrebis~ erTi simbolos gagebi-saTvis. saqarTvelos mecnirebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, #№ #2, 1988.

35

patariZe 1989: patariZe l. sakraluri dro da sivrce `ninos cxovre-baSi~. istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ziebani, Tb.: 1989.

patariZe 1993: patariZe l. `cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~ (qarTlis gaqristianebis kulturul-istoriuli sakiTxebi). Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1993.

peCi 1975: Pätsch G., Die Bekehrung Georgiens. Bedi Kartlisa, �e�ue de Kart�elo-Bedi Kartlisa, �e�ue de Kart�elo-logie, XXXIII, Paris: 1975.

Jordania 1892: Jordania T. qronikebi da sxva masalebi saqarTvelos istoriisa, wigni I, tf.: stamba m. SaraZisa, 1892.

Jordania 1902: Жордания Ф., Описание рукописей, II, Тф.: 1902.siraZe 1985: siraZe r. wm. nino da `deda-ufali~. mnaTobi, № ##2, 1985.siraZe 1989: siraZe r. `wm ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli ha-

giografiisa. ganTiadi, № ##3, 1989.siraZe 1992: siraZe r. qristianuli kultura da qarTuli mwerloba,

Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1992.surgulaZe 2001: surgulaZe m. socialuri mexsierebis faqtebi `ni-

nos cxovrebaSi~. mravalTavi, XIX, 2001.uordropi 1900: Wardrop M., Wardrop O., Life of St. Nino. Studia Bilica and Ec-

clesiastica. Essays chiefly in Biblical and patristic criticism by members of the uni�ersity of Oxsford,Oxsford:1900.

qrestomaTia 1999: Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. IX klasi. Seadgines da komentarebi daurTes b. gigineiSvilma, l. grigalaS-vilma, v. rodonaiam. Tb.: mecniereba 1999.

qristianoba... 2000: qristianoba: warsuli, awmyo, momavali, saerTa-Soriso simpoziumi, red: m. CxartiSvili, l. mirianaSvili, moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarsebi, Tb.: 2000.

qurcikiZe 1964: qurcikiZe c. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s teqstisa da enis sakiTxebi. filologiuri Ziebani, I, 1964.

qurcikiZe 1967: qurcikiZe c. `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ metafrasuli re-daqciis wyaros sakiTxisaTvis. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mo-ambe, XLVI, № ##1, 1967.

yubaneiSvili 1940: yubaneiSvili s. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s WeliSuri redaqcia. Tsu Sromebi, t XII, 1940.

Satberdis krebuli 1979: Satberdis krebuli X saukunisa. gamosace-mad moamzada b. gigineiSvilma da e. giunaSvilma. Tb.: 1979.

CxartiSvili 1978: CxartiSvili m. `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ protoWeli-Suri redaqcia metafrasuli redaqciis wyaro. saqarTvelos mecniere-baTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, № #4, 1978.

CxartiSvili 1980a: CxartiSvili m., `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ mcire da vr-celi redaqciebi. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, #№ 1, Tb.: 1980.

CxartiSvili 1980b: CxartiSvili m. metafrasuli `wm. ninos cxovre-bis~ `qarTlis cxovrebiseuli~ redaqciis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos mecnie-rebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, № #4, 1980.

CxartiSvili 1987a: CxartiSvili m. qarTuli hagiografiis wya-roTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi `cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~, Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1987.

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CxartiSvili 1987b: CxartiSvili m. `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaq-ciis atribucia. mnaTobi, #№ 5, 1987.

CxartiSvili 1989: Чхартишвили М. С., Обрашение Грузии. Перевод с древне-грузинского Е.С.Tакаишвили. Редакционная обработка, исследование и коммента-Tакаишвили. Редакционная обработка, исследование и коммента-акаишвили. Редакционная обработка, исследование и коммента-рии М.С. Чхартишвили. Тб.: Издательство “Мецниереба”, 1989.

CxartiSvili 1990: CxartiSvili m. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ erTi ana-qronizmis Sesaxeb. mnaTobi, № #9, Tb.: 1990.

CxartiSvili 1998: CxartiSvili m. nuTu ucxo enaze Seiqmna qarTvel-Ta ganmanaTleblis `wm. ninos cxovreba~?! saliteraturo gazeTi, #№ 10, 1998.

CxartiSvili 1999: CxartiSvili m. qrTvelTa moqceva da axali erov-nuli ideologia. mesxeTi, III, Tbilisi-axalcixe: 1999.

CxartiSvili 2002: CxartiSvili m. qarTvelTa moqcevis istoria eTni-kurobis kvlevis problematikis TvalTaxedviT. eTnikuroba da nacio-nalizmi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiasTan arsebuli institut-TaSoriso seminaris masalebi, I, Tb.: 2002.

cxadaZe 1956: cxadaZe q. ucnobi avtoris `ninos cxovreba~. saiubileo krebuli miZRvnili k. kekeliZis me-80 wlisTavisadmi, Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1956.

wulaia 1979: Цулая Г.В. “Житие св. Нины” как источник по истории народов кавказа. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, istoriis seria, № #3, 1979.

Zeglebi 1963: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I (V_X s.s.). dasabeWdad moamzades il. abulaZem, n. aTaneliSvilma, n. go-guaZem, c. Wankievma da c. jRamaiam, il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT, Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1963.

Zeglebi 1968: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, IV (svinaqsaruli redaqciebi (XI-XVIIIs.s.), gamosacemad moamzada da ga-mokvleva daurTo e. gabiZaSvilma, il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT da re-daqciiT, Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1968.

Zeglebi 1971: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, III (XI_XIIIs.s. metafrasuli redaqciebi), dasabeWdad moamzades e. gabi-ZaSvilma, n. goguaZem, m. dolaqiZem, g. kiknaZem da c. qurcikiZem, il. abu-laZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT, Tb.: gamomcemloba ̀ mecniereba~, 1971.

xaxanaSvili 1893: Хаханов А.С.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру- А.С.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру-А.С.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру-.С.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру-С.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру-.., Источники по введению христианства в Гру-Источники по введению христианства в Гру- по введению христианства в Гру-по введению христианства в Гру- введению христианства в Гру-введению христианства в Гру- христианства в Гру-христианства в Гру- в Гру-в Гру- Гру-Гру-зии, М.: 1893.

xoStaria-brose 1991: xoStaria-brose e. leonti mrovelis wyaroebis da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ dasawyisi ciklis Sedgenilobis sakiTxisaTvis. mravalTavi, XVI, Tb.: 1991.

xoStaria-brose 1996: xoStaria-brose e. VII s. matiane da misi kvali `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁsa~ da `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~. _ misive wignSi: le-onti mroveli da `qarTlis cxovreba~. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1996.

xoStaria-brose 2001: xoStaria-brose e. kvlav VIIs. matianis Sesaxeb. mravalTavi, XIX, Tb.: 2001.

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javaxiSvili 1977: javaxiSvili i. istoriis mizani, wyaroebi da meTo-debi winaT da exla. wigni I, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba (meoTxe gamocema), Tb.: wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis gamomcemlo-ba, 1977.

javaxiSvili 1900: javaxiSvili i. andria mociqulisa da wm. ninos moR-vaweoba saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, V, ganyofileba II., Tb.: 1900.

janaSia 1940: janaSia s. fsevdo-arseni. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, t. I, Zeglebi, № #6, 1940.

jafariZe 1996: jafariZe a. qarTlis moqcevis wyaroebi,. misive wign-Si: saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, I, Tb.: gamomcemloba `me-rani~ 1996.

Ketevan Mania

From the History of Investigation of Moktsevay Kartlisay(Conversion of Georgia): Source Study Perspective

Summary

Analisis of Moktsevay Kartlisay From source study perspective is one of the most urgent issues of Kartvelology. Study of the mentioned monument always deserved peculiar interest of the specialists and this is true for the present date as well. �esearches were carried out simultaneously in several directions: there were paid much attention to text criticism, dating and attribution of the writing, interrelations between different wordings. Since the 1980s, investigation of the monument takes an intensive character. Methods of investigation have become more sophisticated and theoretical ground has been partially remodeled; new interpretations have been proposed. Though there still exists disagreement concerning the particular issues, the great informative value and importance of Moktsevay Kartlisay do not raise doubt any more: reserchers consider this monument of medieval of Georgien historiography as an authentic historical source.

38

malxaz kobiaSvili

wm. andria saqarTveloSi

im mravalricxovan werilobiT da zepir gadmocemaTa Soris, romlebic kacobriobas adreqristianul xanaSi Seuqmnia, Cvens yuradRebas ipyrobs erTi sakmaod Zveli uwyeba, romlis mixedviTac qristianobis pirvelmqadageb-lad qarTvelTa Soris miCneulia qristes mociquli and-ria pirvelwodebuli.

rogorc irkveva, uZvelesi droidanve berZnul mwer-lobaSi daculi yofila cnoba andria pirvelwodebulis, anu mociqulis qadagebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi pirvel-save saukuneSi. es cnoba ikiTxeba agreTve bizantiuri xanis saeklesio Tu istoriuli xasiaTis mwerlobis Zeg-lebSi. gadmocemaTa mixedviT, andria mociquli qadageb-da skviTiaSi, saberZneTsa da mcire aziis teritoriaze mdebare qveynebSi. skviTias Zveli istorikosebi vrcel geografiul areals uwodebdnen, romelic amierkavkasiaSi mdebare qveynebsac moicavda. amitom, rodesac isini gvawv-dian cnobas andria mociqulis misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb skviTiis qveynebSi, aq albaT uTuod unda igulisx-mebodes saqarTveloc.

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba II-III saukuneebis moRvawis _ origenis cnobas andria mociqulis mier skvi-TiaSi qristianuli moZRvrebis qadagebis Sesaxeb, radgan swored es gaxda safuZveli momdevno xanis istorikosebisa da mwerlebisaTvis, skviTia mieCniaT andria pirvelwode-bulis wilxvedr qveynad misioneruli moRvaweobisaTvis. prokopi da evsevi kesarielebic amave Sinaarsis Semcvel cnobas gadmogvcemen. origenis azri SeiZleba ise gavig-oT, rom andriam saqarTvelosa da mis mimdebare qveyneb-Si iqadaga. andrias saqarTveloSi moRvaweobas axseneben agreTve ipolite romaeli, sofron ierusalimeli, doro-Te tvireli, epifane kvipreli. sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom andrias garda, saistorio wyaroebi adastureben sxva mociqulTa, kerZod, barTlomes, mataTas, simon kananelis, Tomas qadagebasa da misionerul moRvaweobas saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi.

39

rogorc Cans, mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb sak-maod mdidari da mravalferovani literatura arsebula, romelTa mxolod mcireodeni nawili SemogvrCa. Zvel Tx-zulebebSi daculi cnobebi gadasula bizantiuri perio-dis sqolastikuri literaturis ZeglebSi. amitom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba VIII-X saukuneebSi wm. andria pirvel-wodebulis Sesaxeb Seqmnil apokriful-hagiografiuli xasiaTis Txzulebebs, romelTa avtorebi yvela arcaa cnobili Tu dazustebuli. andrias Sesaxeb Cvenamde Semo-naxula mravali berZnuli da laTinurenovani nawarmoebi, kerZod, epifane monazonisa, nikita paflagonelisa da sxva avtorebisa (`bhg~, I, 29-33). cnoba wm. andria pirvelwode-bulis misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb daucavT XI-XIII saukuneebis qarTvel avtorTa Txzulebebsac.

bunebrivia, TavisTavad daismis kiTxva _ vin iyo andria mociquli, ra roli Seasrula man qarTvelTa gaqristiane-bis saqmeSi da ramdenad sarwmunoa misi moRvaweoba saqarT-veloSi?

bibliuri tradiciiT, andria qristes pirvel mowafed iTvleba. man daumowafa qristes Tavisi Zma simoni, Semdgom-Si petred wodebuli, romelsac Tavis ganmanaTleblad mi-iCnevda antioqiis sapatriarqo. samecniero literatura-Si arsebobs ori urTierTsapirispiro Sexeduleba: erTi uaryofs andrias wvlils qarTvelTa moqcevis saqmeSi, xolo meore mas sarwmunod miiCnevs. orive mosazrebis av-torebi gvaZleven bizantiuri da qarTuli wyaroebis kri-tikul analizs TavTavianTi poziciebidan.

dReisaTvis, Cvens mecnierebaSi gavrcelebuli azriT, cnoba andria mociqulis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesa-xeb berZnul mwerlobaSi IX saukunis meore naxevarSi Cnde-ba da saqarTveloSic aqedanaa Semosuli X-XI saukuneebSi. ufro zustad: VIII-IX saukuneebis bizantiur mwerlobaSi andria mociquli pontos mqadageblad aris dasaxelebu-li, xolo pirveli cnobebi misi saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb epifane monazonsa (VIII s. II nax. IX s. I nax.) da nikita paflagonels (gard. daaxl. 890 wlis axlo xanebSi) moepove-baT. maT TxzulebebSi andrias wilxvdomilad CrdiloeTia aRniSnuli da TviT igi iberTa da savromatebis, tavrebisa

40

da skviTebis ganmanaTleblad iwodeba; xolo am wyaroeb-ze dayrdnobiT qarTul ZeglebSi pirveli cnoba andrias saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb XI saukunis II naxevarSi Cndeba (enciklopedia 1975: 448; miTebi 1987: 80). vfiqrobT, aq naTqvams ufro meti dazusteba sWirdeba, ramdenadac sakiTxs andria pirvel wodebulis misioneruli moRvaweo-bis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi didi xnis istoria aqvs, xolo dReisaTvis aRniSnuli problemis Seswavla da gaanalizeba moiTxovs am mecnierul monapovarTa gaTvaliswinebasac.

jer kidev 1843 wels pl. ioseliani Tavis vrcel gamokv-levaSi, romelic saqarTvelos saeklesio istorias Seexe-boda, `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da sxva wyaroebSi arsebuli cnobebis safuZvelze askvnida: `…faqtia, rom andria mo-ciquli iyo iveriaSi da iqadaga qristianoba; amaSi Cven gvarwmunebs qarTul matianeTa uZvelesi gadmocemebi, romlebic cnobili iyo jer kidev nino ganmanaTleblis sicocxleSive, agreTve 30 noembris dRis svinaqsaruli sakiTxavebi, sadac weren, rom andria mociquli iyo ala-nebTan, abazgebTan anu afxazebTan da sxva xalxebTan…~ (ioseliani 1843: 2-3, Sen. .3). es TavisTavad metad sayurad-Rebo cnoba, samwuxarod, ar aris gamyarebuli XI saukuneze ufro adrindeli romelime qarTuli istoriuli sabuTiT, Tumca, iqve pl. ioseliani miuTiTebs IV sauk. berZeni saeklesio moRvawis, sofronis cnobaze imis Sesaxeb, rom andriam iqadaga did sebastopolisSi (dioskuria), rom-lis maxlobladac zRvas uerTdeba mdinare afsari (iose-liani1843: 2-3, Sen. .3.).

`qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da im droisaTvis arsebul le-genda-gadmocemebze aqvs agebuli Teimuraz batoniSvils Tavis ìveriis istoriaSi~ is nawili, romelic uSualod Seexeba andria mociqulisa da simon kananelis mosvlasa da qristes saxarebis qadagebas saqarTvelos teritoriaze (BbatoniSvili 1848: 141-147).

sruliad utyuar da sarwmuno faqtad miiCnevs dim. baqraZe andria mociqulis qadagebas saqarTveloSi. misT-vis, rogorc Cans, kargad aris cnobili rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli andrias misioneruli moRvaweo-bis amsaxveli ambebi, ise Zvel berZen istorikosTa: ori-

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genis, ipolite romaelis, doroTe tirelis, sofronis, nikita paflagonelisa da sxvaTa TxzulebebSi Semonaxuli cnobebi (baqraZe 1889: 107-109). d. baqraZe imowmebs agreTve rusi mogzaur-istorikosis, m. selezniovisa da makari ar-qimandritis Sromebsac, romlebSic uSualod vxvdebiT andria mociqulis misionerul moRvaweobasTan dakavSire-bul metad sayuradRebo cnobebs (selezniovi 1847: 184.). aseve sarwmunod aris miCneuli da ukritikod gaziarebuli andrias mier qarTvelTa moqcevis faqti m. broses ̀ saqarT-velos istoriaSi~ (brose 1895: 37, 38, 39).

andria pirvelwodebulis misionerul moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs ganixilavs Tavis `qarTuli ekle-siis istoriaSi~ gobron (mixeil) sabinini (sabinini 1877: 11 da Semdeg).es ukanaskneli ZiriTadad emyareba uZve-les xelnawerebs, romlebic inaxeboda gelaTisa da daviT garejis wignTsacavebSi. es xelnawerebi Seicaven andrias `mimoslvis~ efvTime aToneliseul Targmans, romelTa-gan erTi, kerZod gelaTuri, gamosca kidec sabininma 1882 wels `saqarTvelos samoTxeSi~. amas garda, m. sabinini ic-nobs `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da Teimuraz batoniSvilis ìstoriaSi~ arsebul gadmocemebsac. mkvlevari aRniSnavs agreTve sparsul enaze arsebul, im droisaTvis kargad Semonaxul andrias `cxovrebasac~, romelic qarTvelTa mefis, giorgi XIII-is `mflobelobaSi~ imyofeboda, xolo mogvianebiT is memkvidreobiT miuRia bagrat ufliswuls (sabinini 1895: 12, Sen. 1). m.sabinini iqve aRniSnavs, rom sparsul enaze Semonaxuli es `cxovreba~ Tavisi Sinaar-siT TiTqmis zustad emTxveva qarTul `mimoslvas~, Tumca sparsul redaqciaSi, rogorc Cans, didi adgili eTmoba meorexarisxovan ambavTa gadmocemasa da aRweras (sabinini 1895: 12, Sen. 1). zemoCamoTvlilis garda, m. sabininis ìs-toriaSi~ vxvdebiT agreTve im ucxoel avtorTa CamonaT-vals, romelTa cnobebsac imeorebs mogvianebiT qarTuli matiane. es avtorebi arian: origeni da evsevi kesarieli, doroTe tireli, sofroni, nikifore kalisti, epifane konstantinopoleli, nikita paflagoneli da sxv.

sakiTxs andria pirvelwodebulis misioneruli moR-vaweobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi SemdgomSic araerTi mkvle-

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vari Sexebia, magram SedarebiT srulad, mecnierul-kri-tikuli TvalsazrisiT igi Seiswavles da ikvlies iv. java-xiSvilma, m. janaSvilma, m.TamaraSvilma, v. vasilevskim, k. kekeliZem, s. petrovskim, fr. dvornikma, magram, miuxedavad amisa, rogorc qvemoT davrwmundebiT, aRniSnuli sakiTxi kidev ufro Rrma Seswavlasa da kvlevas mainc saWiroebs, radganac uSualod Txzulebis, e.i. andria mociqulis `mimoslvaTa~ berZnul-qarTuli teqstebis Sedarebam, qarTuli Targmanis teqstis kritikulad dadgenam, arse-buli samecniero masalisa da mosazrebebis gadasinjva-dazustebam da xelaxalma Semowmebam siaxle gamoavlina da samecniero literaturaSi dRemde damkvidrebuli Tval-sazrisis sapirispiro daskvnebamde migviyvana.

1900 wels akad. iv. javaxiSvilma gamoaqveyna narkvevi, romelic Seexeboda andria mociqulisa da wminda ninos mi-sioneruli moRvaweobis sakiTxs saqarTveloSi. CvenTvis amjerad sainteresoa aRniSnuli narkvevis meore nawili (javaxiSvili 1900: 35-50), romelSic avtori uaryofs and-rias qadagebas qarTvelTa Soris da TviTon faqts wminda wylis legendad miiCnevs. aq Cven dawvrilebiT SevCerde-biT iv. javaxiSvilis ZiriTad debulebebze.

misi azriT, im mkvlevarTa Soris, romlebic sarwmunod Tvlian wm. andrias qadagebas saqarTvelos teritoriaze, erTgvarad sayuradRebo unda iyos mxolod pl. ioselianis cnoba, TiTqos `Zveli Tqmuleba~ andrias saqarTveloSi qadagebis Sesaxeb wminda ninos drosve icodnen qarTveleb-ma, miuxedavad imisa, rom pl. ioselians ar mohyavs is sabu-Ti, saidanac es cnoba amouRia. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom pl. ioselianis daskvna damyarebuli unda iyos `qarT-lis cxovrebaze~, sadac ninos `cxovrebas~ win uZRvis and-ria mociqulis `mimoslva~. àm garemoebidan, rasakvirve-lia, ar SeiZleba is daskvna gamovitanoT, viTomc wmida ninos Tanamedroveebs andrias mimosvlis Tqmuleba scod-nodeT, samagierod istoriuli mosazreba, romelsac Cven qvemoT moviyvanT, mgoni winaaRmdegs unda gveubnebodes~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 36), _ wers iv. javaxiSvili da amis sa-buTad imowmebs eqvTime TayaiSvilis mier gamocemuli ninos `cxovrebis~ àxal variants~, romelsac iv. javaxiS-

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vili Satberdiseul `cxovre bas~ uwodebs da mas igi fsev-doepigrafiuli mwerlobis Zeglad miaCnevs (javaxiSvili 1900: 36). Sesaval nawilSi moTxrobilia ambavi, Tu rogor esaubrebodnen wminda mqadagebels, ninos, misi mowafeebi da TanamoRvaweni: èse ra gviswavies Sen mier, viTarmed yofil arian winawarmetyuÀlni pirvelad moslvamde misa RuTisa quÀyanad. da mere mociqulni aTormetni da kual-ad sameocdaaTormetni da CuÀnda aravin moavlina Rmer-Tman, garna Sen~ (javaxiSvili: 1900: 36. TayaiSvili 1891: 2). aqedan gamomdinare, i. javaxiSvili miiCnevda, rom ès winadadeba SeeZlo eTqva an SeeTxza mxolod imas, romel-mac araferi icoda andrias saqarTveloSi mimoslvisa da qadagebis Se-saxeb~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 36). xolo ramdena-dac i. javaxiSvili Tvlis, rom Satberdiseuli `ninos cx-ovrebis~ winasit-yvaoba yalbia da Semdeg damatebuli, amdenad ès nawyveti gviCvenebs mxolod, rom roca Sat-berdiseuli cxovrebis Sesavali iwereboda, ese igi VIII-IX sauk. ganaTlebul qarTvelebs andrias saqarTveloSi mi-mosvlis Tqmuleba ar scodniaT” (javaxiSvili 1900: 36). aqve iv. javaxiSvili svams kiTxvas imis Sesaxeb, icodnen Tu ara Cvenma winaprebma IX saukunemde es Tqmuleba da aRniS-navs bizantieli istorikosis, rufinusis (IV s.) saeklesio istorias, romelSic istorikosi gadmoscems qarTveli mefis Zis, bakuris mier naambobs qarTvelebis gaqristiane-bis Sesaxeb, magram andrias is ar ixseniebs. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, bakurs rom ga-daeca rufinusisaTvis cnobebi an-drias qadagebis Sesaxeb, es ukanaskneli usaTuod aRniS-navda da istoriaSi Seitandao (javaxiSvili 1900 37). garda amisa, àrc petre maiumelma, qarTveli mefis Zem, arc misma mowafem, petres cxovrebis damwerma, ician ram andriaze. am maiumeli episkoposis cxovrebaSi moxsenebulia mxo-lod saqarTvelos moqceva mefe bakuris, petres papis dros. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom andriaze saqarTveloSi Tqmuleba yofiliyo da es Tqmuleba ar scodnodes petre maiumel episkopozs. imisi cxovrebis avtorsac rom scod-noda, is Seitanda Tavis nawerSi am ambavs… `moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁmac~, Cvenma uZvelesma saistorio matianem, ara icis ra andrias saqarTveloSi mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesa-

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xeb… ...es matiane Sedgenilia, rogorc sxva mkvlevarnic fiqroben, VII-VIII sauk. maSasadame, IV saukuneSi (bakuri-ru-fini), V-VI sauk. (petre maium. _ petres cxovrebis avtori), VII-VIII da VIII-IX sauk. Cvenma winaprebma andrias mimosvlaze saqarTveloSi da qadagebaze ara icodnen ra~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 37-38).

amgvarad, iv. javaxiSvilis daskvniT, qarTvelebma IX saukunemde araferi icodnen andria pirvelwodebu-lis qadagebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi da mxolod im davam, romelic qarTvel berebs hqondaT berZenTa samRvdeloe-basTan saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis Sesa nar-Cuneblad, dabada azri imis Sesaxeb, rom qristianobis ga-savrceleblad saqarTveloSi imogzaura qristes mowafem andria pirvelwodebulma (javaxiSvili: 1900: 41, 42, 43, 44). e.i. ̀ iberiaSi andrias qadagebis ambavi qarTvelebma ar icod-nen da es Tqmuleba bizantiidan Semoitanes qarTvelma be-rebma samSobloSi da gaavrceles~ (javaxiSvili: 1900: 45).

Semdeg iv. javaxiSvili ganixilavs im bizantiel mweral-Ta cnobebs, romelTa TxzulebebSic laparakia andrias mimosvlaze da mohyavs origenis (II-III ss.) cnoba, romlis mixedviTac, `rodesac Cveni macxovris wminda mociqulebi da mowafeebi mTel msoflioSi gaifantnen, Tomas, rogorc gadmocema gviambobs, wilad xvda parTia, andrias skviTia, ioanes azia… [xolo] petrem uqadaga pontoSi, galatiaSi, biTviniaSi, kapadokiasa da aziaSi...~ (javaxiSvili: 1900: 45).

am cnobis safuZvelze iv. javaxiSvili askvnis: `maSasa-dame, uZvelesi cnobis Tanaxmad andrias mxolod skviTia-Si uqadagnia, ponti ki petres xvedri iyo, ese igi yvela is adgilebi, romelnic saqarTveloze daaxlovebulni arian, petres moRvaweobis asparezad iTvleboda da ara andriasi … mxolod dosiTeosis katalogSi, romelic prof. vasi-levskis azriT, meeqvse saukunis karga xnis Semdeg unda iyos dawerili, TiTqos Zmebi mociqulebi TavianT xvedrs scvlian da andria biTiniaSi pontSi, TrakiaSi hqadagebs~ (javaxiSvili: 1900: 45, 46). aqve ganixilavs javaxiSvili kon-stantinepoleli beris, epifanes (VIII-IX sauk.) Txzulebis im adgils, sadac laparakia imis Sesaxeb, rom epifanem Tvi-Ton imogzaura andrias wilxvdomil adgilebSi da Sekriba

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adgilobriv mcxovrebTa Tqmuleba-gadmocemebi andrias Sesaxeb. ̀ magram, rogorc Cans~, _ wers i. javaxiSvili, ̀ Savi zRvis aRmosavleT napirebze ar yofila, Torem Cveulebi-samebr moixseniebda, rom ama da am adgilas Cvenc viyaviT da Cvenis TvaliT vnaxeT, rogorc magaliTad: `da movida (andria) bosfor qalaqsa, romelic pontos imier mdebare-obs, sadamdis Cvenc migviRwevia~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 45-46) èpifane mogviTxrobs~, _ ganagrZobs mkvlevari _ `rom mas simon mociqulis luskuma uCvenes, simon kananelis nikopsis luskumaze ki rom laparakobs, ar umatebs, rom man TviTon naxa es wminda adgili. epifane kiprels da danarCen mermindel mwerlebs erTi TvalsaCino Secdoma mosdiT: imaTis sityviT gamodis, rom simoni organ iyo dasafla-vebuli _ bosforSi da nikofsSi. Tumca TviT epifane ar ambobs, saxeldobr, vin unda iyos simon mociquli, magram metafrasti gvixsnis, rom igi simon moSurne ariso. am axs-nas araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs, jer imitom, rom simon kananeli, rogorc Cans, uZvelesi mimosvlis simon-petres magier aris moyvanili, mere imitom, rom... simon moSurne da kananeli erTi da igive mociquli iyo. mag. laTinur `Bre-viarum Apostolorum~-Si `simon moSurne anu kananeli~; esevea `de vita et obitu sanctorum~-Si da im qronikaSi, romelic simon logoTetis nawerad iTvleba~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 45-46).

yovelive aq ganxilulisa da sxva danarCen mizezTa gamo, romelTa aq motanac Zalze Sors wagviyvanda, iv. javaxiS-vilis saboloo daskvna andria pirvelwodebulis misio-nerul moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis teritoriaze amgvarad SeiZleba Camoyalib-des: ìs garemoeba, rom uZvelesi bizantieli da laTinTa saeklesio mwerlebi (origeni, evxeri) andrias pontoSi qadagebis Sesaxeb aras amboben, pavles epistoleebsa da `saqme mociqulTa~-Si krintic ar aris daZruli pirvel-wodebul andrias qadagebriv moRvaweobaze, radgan TviT `mimosvlis~ Sinaarss zRapruli xasiaTi aqvs da araks uf-ro moagonebs kacs... dasasrul, is garemoeba, rom arc TviT saqarTveloSi icodnen VIII-IX saukunemde andrias iberiaSi mimosvlis Sesaxeb, uflebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom andria pirvel wodebuli arc rodis ar yofila kavkasiaSi sazoga-

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dod da kerZod saqarTveloSi, rom andrias mimosvla da qadageba iveriaSi mxolod Tqmulebaa, iseTi Tqmuleba, romelsac istoriisaTvis araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 47-48).

SemdgomSi, rodesac `qarTveli eris istoria~ daiwera (aq da yvela sxva danarCen SemTxvevaSi vimowmebT `qarT-veli eris istoriis~ I tomis 1960 wlis gamocemas) iv. java-xiSvils Tavisi SexedulebebisaTvis ar uRalatnia da mci-reodeni gamonaklisis garda, igi kvlav darCa im poziciis erTguli, romelsac ganxilul narkvevSi vxvdebiT, miuxe-davad imisa, rom mis Sexedulebebs ramdenime mkacri opo-nentic ki gamouCnda.

zemoxsenebul `mkacr~ oponentTa Soris, pirvel rig-Si cnobili qarTveli mkvlevari m. janaSvili unda dava-saxeloT. am ukanasknelma adre, sanam iv. javaxiSvilis ze-moganxiluli narkvevi gamoqveyndeboda, jer 1886 wels qarTul, xolo Semdeg (1898 w.) rusul enaze gamosca wigni, romelic qarTuli eklesiis istorias Seexeboda (janaS-vili 1886; janaSvili 1898: 5-12 da Semdeg). aq man andria mociqulis Sesaxeb im droisaTvis arsebul TiTqmis yve-la qarTul masalas mouyara Tavi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli moTxroba da XI-XII ss-ebis qarTuli xelnawerebi), Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom gamokvleva polemikuri xasiaTis ar yofila. aqve davsZenT, rom rusuli gamocema, qarTulTan SedarebiT, ufro mec-nierul xasiaTs atarebda.

1909 wels m. janaSvilma krebulSi `qarTuli mwerloba~ (janaSvili 1909: 102-108) gamoaqveyna werili saTauriT `skviTiaSi myofi saqarTveloSi yofila~, romelSic ar eTanxmeba iv.javaxiSvils im ZiriTad daskvnebSi, rome-lic mas aqvs gamoTqmuli Tavis narkvevSi (janaSvili 1909: 104) erTgvarad sayuradRebod unda CaiTvalos m. janaSvilis mier gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi saxelwodeba `skviTis~ Sesa-xeb. ai, ras wers amis Sesaxeb mkvlevari: `skviTi~ berZnebis SexedulobiT iseTive saxeli iyo Zvel droSi, viT `barbarosi~, mas SemkreblobiTi mniSvneloba hqonda. skviTad igini uwodebdnen kaspiis zRvis iqiTa mxaris xalxebsac… … sazogadod ki CrdiloeTis yvela xal-

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xebs da maT Soris qarTvelebsac skviTad ixseniebdnen~ (janaSvili 1909: 102-108; (janaSvili 1909: 104) am faqtis dasamtkiceblad m. janaSvili mimarTavs strabonis, apo-lodoris (Zv. w.a. II s.), kalimaqes (Zv.w.a. 260-230 ww.), ioseb flaviusis (ax. w. I s.) da sxvaTa cnobebs aRniSnuli terminis Sesaxeb. (janaSvili 1909: 104-105) am sakiTxs Cven qvemoT kidev erTxel davubrundebiT.

i. javaxiSvilis argumentTa sawinaaRmdegod m. janaS-vili asaxelebs agreTve andria mociqulis `mimoslvas~ (XI s.), ioane anCelis (XII-XIII ss.) `galobani anCisxatisani~-s da daviT da konstantine mTavrebis `cxorebas~, xolo am uka-naskneli Txzulebis Sesaxeb dasZens: ès wmindanebi ewamnen meSvide saukunis gasuls da iv. javaxiSvili ki irwmuneba IX-XI saukunemdis ar icodnen (qarTvelebma _ m.k.) andrias mog-zaurobis ambavio! (janaSvili 1909: 105). mkvlevars aq mxed-velobaSi aqvs `cxorebis~ is adgili, sadac naTqvamia: `…viTarca gviswavies ese ZuelTa uwyebaTagan, iyvnes wmidani ese mowameni daviT da konstantine qarTvelni, sanaxebisa-gan argueTisa, didni da didebulni tomobiT da mTavarni amis queyanisani da... iyvnes ganaTlebul embaziTa qadage-bulisa andria da simon kananelisaÁTa, rameTu maT uqada-ges qriste qarTvelTa Soris, pirvelad ninos moslvisa…~ (yubaneiSvili 1946: 234-235). marTalia, dRes cnobilia is garemoeba, rom daviT da konstantine mTavrebi VII sauku-neSi ewamnen sarwmunoebisaTvis, magram XII saukuneze ufro adrindeli werilobiTi wyaro am faqtis Sesaxeb Cven ar mogvepoveba, ris gamoc m. janaSvilis `kontrargumenti~ sarwmunod ver CaiTvleba.

amgvarad, rogorc vxedavT, m. janaSvilma ver daarR-via is ZiriTadi argumentebi, romliTac iv. javaxiSvili uaryofda andria pirvelwodebulis misionerul moRva-weobas saqarTveloSi, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT zogi-erT mcire gamonakliss (mag. termini `skviTi").

kidev erTi mkvlevari, romelmac ar gaiziara iv. java-xiSvilis Sexedulebani sacilobeli sakiTxis garSemo, aris miq. TamaraSvili. man 1910 wels, romSi gamosca sakmaod didi moculobis monografia, romelic qarTuli eklesi-is istorias Seexeboda dasabamidan, vidre XIX saukunemde

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(TamaraTi 1910; TamaraSvili 1995: 154-169). am monografiis V Tavi mTlianad andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi moRvaweobis sakiTxs eTmoba.

pirvel rigSi m. TamaraSvili gadmoscems andria pirvel-wodebulis im `mimoslvis~ mokle Sinaarss, romelic Cvens uZveles matianes, `qarTlis cxovrebas~ Semounaxavs (Tama-raSvili 1995: 155-160). mkvlevars wminda wylis legendad miaCnia faqti RvTismSoblis misiis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mimarT, `vinaidan arcerTi berZeni Tu laTini mwerali qarTuli tradiciuli Tqmulebebis garda _ ar lapara-kobs wm. qalwulis misiaze qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb~, xolo rac Seexeba andria mociqulis saqarTveloSi moR-vaweobas, es faqti sruliad sarwmunod miaCnia mas (Tama-raSvili 1995: 160, 161).

Semdeg m. TamaraSvili mokled ganixilavs i. javaxiS-vilis im ZiriTad argumentebs, romelTa Sesaxebac Cven zemoT gvqonda saubari (TamaraSvili 1995: 155-165). is ar eTanxmeba javaxiSvilis debulebebs da mohyavs sawinaaRm-dego argumentebi:

1) marTalia, rufinusis istoriaSi araferi ar aris naTqvami andria mociqulis qadagebis Sesaxeb, magram unda aRvniSnoT, rom am moTxrobaSi saubari exeba qristianobis saboloo, sazogado damkvidrebas qarTvelTa Soris. marT-lacda, rufinuss bakurma uambo papamisisa da mis Taname-mamuleTa moqcevis Sesaxeb ninos mier, magram ar Sexebia im ambebs, romelic moxda saqarTveloSi wminda ninomde da mis Semdeg. aravin fiqrobs imis mtkicebas, rom wminda and-riam moaqcia mTeli qarTveli eri Tavis mefianad da sabo-lood daamkvidra qristianoba qarTvelTa Soris. cxadia, im mokle moTxrobas, romelic bakurma uambo rufinuss, araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs wminda andrias qadagebasTan saqarTveloSi da amitomac maTi dumili ar gvaZlevs imis uflebas, rom uarvyoT igi.

2) petre iberis cxovrebas (Tanac apokrifuls) ara aqvs pirdapiri kavSiri wminda andrias misiasTan. iq saubaria saqarTvelos moqcevaze, magram aqac, iseve rogorc rufi-nusis istoriaSi, saqme exeba qarTvelTa mTlian da sazoga-do moqcevas. maSasadame, aqedanac verafers davaskvniT an-

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drias qadagebis Sesaxeb.3) yvelaze ufro Zlieri sabuTi, romelsac i. javaxiS-

vili eyrdnoba, amoRebulia `qarTlis moqcevidan~. es ax-laxan aRmoCenili xelnaweri Seicavs mxolod 14 gverds da warmoadgens qronikas, romelic iwyeba aleqsandre didis (makedonelis _ m.k.) droidan da aRwevs IX saukunemde. xe-lnawers aklia erTi gverdi, saxeldobr is, romelSiac un-da yofiliyo detalebi (saqarTvelos _ m.k.) mosaxleobis moqcevasa da wminda kvarTze. amaze SegviZlia vimsjeloT imisda mixedviT, Tu razea laparaki rogorc mis win, aseve mis Semdeg. aqedan gamomdinare, unda vivaraudoT, rom swored am dakargul gverdze iyo cnobebi andrias Sesaxeb. magram davuSvaT, rom am gverdze araviTari xseneba ar iyo misi, gana es dumili gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, rom andrias mi-mosvla saqarTveloSi legendad CavTvaloT? Cven ase ar vfiqrobT. am qronikaSic, rogorc Cans, saqme exeba eris saerTo da saboloo moqcevas wm. ninos mier da ara imas, Tu ra moxda ninomde qristianobis qadagebis sferoSi. aRvniSnavT imasac, rom am mokle qronikaSi qristianobaze saubars iwyeben mxolod konstantine didis moqcevidan da naTlobidan, xolo ieso qristes mosvlis, misi wamebisa da mociqulTa qadagebis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami; maSasa-dame, aqedan gamomdinare arc is unda gagvikvirdes, rom araferia naxsenebi andria mociqulis qadagebaze qarT-velTa Soris.

4) is argumenti, romelic wminda ninos ̀ cxovrebis~ apok-riful Sesavals emyareba, sarwmuno da seriozul sabuTad ver CaiTvleba. cxadia, rom es Sesavali SeTxzulia mxolod wmindanis (ninos _ m.k.) sadideblad da imisaTvis, rom mxo-lod mas miaweron mTeli pativi saqarTveloSi qristiano-bis gavrcelebisa da ara imisaTvis, rom gadmoscen isto-riuli sinamdvile. siyalbe iqneba imis Tqma, rom wm. ninos mosvlamde saqarTveloSi araferi ar icodnen rogorc winaswarmetyvelTa da mociqulTa arsebobis, aseve ieso qristes Sesaxeb; rom araferi vTqvaT saqarTveloSi mota-nil wminda kvarTze… …qarTvelebi didi xania icnobdnen TiTqmis yvela im did movlenas, romlis arenadac pales-tina iyo qceuli, im mravalricxovan ebraelTagan, rom-

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lebic saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen Zv. w. VI-V saukuneebSi, anda (imaTgan) romlebic damkvidrdnen aq tites mier ieru-salimis daqcevis Semdeg (70 w. qr. Semdeg)… (aq m. TamaraS-vili miuTiTebs e. TayaiSvilis naSromze: `sami istoriuli xronika~, tfilisi., 1890, gv. 9) …da bolos, gana SeiZleba sabuTis mniSvneloba mivaniWoT im citirebul nawyvets, romlis Sesaxebac TviT javaxiSvilic svams kiTxvas, aris Tu ara es Sesavali wminda apokrifuli xasiaTisa.

5) …davuSvaT, rom palestinis, an aTonis mTis qarT-velma berebma marTlac imitom miaqcies yuradReba wm. andrias moRvaweobas, rom daecvaT TavianTi eklesiis damoukidebloba berZnebisagan. am SemTxvevaSi maT maSinve unda daewyoT maTTvis sasargeblo sabuTebis Zebna berZen, an aRmosavlel mweralTa TxzulebebSi. SeeZloT gamoey-enebinaT dausabuTebeli, anda sagangebod SeTxzuli ar-gumentebi? es xels micemda maT mowinaaRmdegeT; ...berZ-nebi xom maSinve gaarCevdnen marTals siyalbisagan. Zneli dasajerebelia agreTve javaxiSvilis azri imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos legenda andrias qadagebaze erTbaSad gavrcele-buliyos saqarTveloSi IX saukuneSi. es imis daSveba iqne-ba, rom CavTvaloT zemoxsenebuli berebi matyuarebad da qarTveli xalxi _ gulubryvilod. Cven araviTari sababi ara gvaqvs imis safiqreblad, rom erTni an meoreni amgvar Sefasebas imsaxureben…

mokled, amgvaria is ZiriTadi argumentebi, romlebi-Tac m. TamaraSvili uaryofs i. javaxiSvilis mosazrebebs andria pirvelwodebulis misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesa-xeb saqarTveloSi (aqve sainteresoa e. nikolaZis mosaz-rebebi, romelmac TiTqmis srulad gaiziara m. TamaraSvi-lis Sexedulebebi aRniSnul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, _ nikolaZe 1918). Tumca yvelaferi amiT rodi amoiwureba. Semdeg m. TamaraSvili ganixilavs im ucxoel mweralTa cnobebs, romlebic metnaklebad Seexebian saqarTvelosa da uSualod andrias misionerul moRvaweobas, magram vi-dre am wyaroebze ufro vrclad SevCerdebodeT, gvinda ganvixiloT Cvens samecniero literaturaSi cnobili kidev erTi mosazreba, romelic SemdgomSi uTuod sagu-lisxmo da angariSgasawev faqtad unda CaiTvalos.

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rodesac akad. k. kekeliZe qarTvelTa moqcevis mTavar istoriul-qronologiur sakiTxebs ganixilavda (kekeli-Ze 1957: 252-292), is nawilobriv Seexo agreTve sakiTxs mo-ciqulTa samisionero moRvaweobis Sesaxeb da uSualod andria pirvelwodebulis moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebsac. kerZod, pirvel rigSi man ganixila is isto-riuli gadmocemebi, romlebic daculia Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis ZeglebSi da exeba andrias moRvaweobas (giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba, efrem mciris ùwyebaÁ…~, ruis-urbnisis krebis (1105 w.) Zegliswera da arsen beriseuli ninos `cxovrebis~ metafrasuli redaqcia) da amgvari daskvna gamoitana: `…Cveni Zveli mwerlobis mowmobiT, saqarTveloSi qristianoba uqadagniaT mociqulebs: andrias da simon kananels, mataTas da barTlomes. aseTi Sexedu-leba CvenSi meaTe-meTerTmete saukunidan damyarebula, xolo manamdis mas CvenSi adgili ar hqonia da arc Cvens winaprebs scodniaT is~ (kekeliZe 1957: 254-255). aq k. keke-liZes mohyavs ninos `cxovrebis~ CvenTvis ukve cnobili CanarTi Sesavlis is nawyveti, sadac mas TanamoRvaweni eubnebian: `Cuenda aravin moavlina RmerTman (mociqulTa Soris _ m.k.) garna Sen~ qristianobis mqadageblado. amis safuZvelze k.kekeliZe daaskvnis: `maSasadame, aramc Tu wminda ninos dros, mecxre-meaTe saukuneSiac ki, rodesac dawerilia zemomoyvanili sityvebi, ar icodnen, rom mo-ciqulebma CvenSi iqadages qriste. es ar icis arc bakurma, romlisganac pirvelad gaiges bizantielebma qarTvelTa moqcevis ambavi; ar icis es arc petre maÁumelis asuruli cxovrebis avtorma, ar icis agreTve arc `moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁs~ avtorma. erTi sityviT, CvenSi meaTe-meTerTmete saukuneebamde ara scodniaT ra mociqulTa qadagebis Sesa-xeb saqarTveloSi. rogor da saidan Semovida mere aseTi rwmena CvenSi? is Semovida meaTe saukunis gasuls Tu meTerTmetis damdegs literaturuli gziT bizantii-dan. eqvTime aTonelma gadmoTargmna an, ukeT rom vTqvaT, Seadgina aTonze ̀ mosaÃsenebeli mimoslvaTaTÂs da qadage-baTa mociqulisa andreasi~, saidanac gaiges qarTvelebma da SeiTvises azri mociqulTa qadagebis Sesaxeb CvenSi~ (kekeliZe, 1957: 255).

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rogorc vxedavT, k. kekeliZe gansaxilvel sakiTxze Ziri-Tadad eyrdnoba da imeorebs iv.javaxiSvilis mosazrebas da Sesabamisad, misi saboloo daskvnebic amgvaria: àndria mociquli arasodes kavkasiaSi ar yofila… rac Seexeba sxva mociqulebis qadagebas CvenSi, esec simarTles ar Seefere -ba …~ (kekeliZe, 1957: 257) `…amitom efrem mciris da arsen beris azri, rom Tumca mociqulebma iqadages CvenSi qris-tianoba, magram qarTvelebma is daiviwyes da amitom saWiro Seiqna xelmeored mogvlineboda Cven mqadagebeli WeSmari-tebisa, wm. nino, sinamdviles ar Seesabameba…~ (kekeliZe 1957: 259) `…Tqmuleba mociqulTa samisionero moRvaweo-bis Sesaxeb CvenSi fexs ikidebs mxolod meaTe saukunidan~ (kekeliZe 1957: 259). magram aq Cven yuradReba unda mivaq-cioT erT sagulisxmo garemoebas. k. kekeliZis zemoaRniS-nuli narkvevi 1925 wels daiwera (amave wlis 12 dekembers moxsenda saistorio-saeTnografo sazogadoebis sajaro krebas, xolo 1926 wels `mimomxilvelis~ pirvel wignSic daibeWda), romelmac bevri axali da metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi daayena istoriul-literaturuli TvalsazrisiT da unda iTqvas, rom mravali maTgani warmatebiTac iqna gadaWrili; odnav mogvianebiT, 1943 wels, `literaturu-li Ziebani~-s I tomSi gamoqveynda narkvevi, romelic isev da isev qarTlis moqcevis sakiTxebs Seexo, magram amjerad _ ufro vrclad da ganxiluli iqna `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s Sedgeniloba, wyaroebi da erovnuli tendenciebi~ (keke-liZe 1957: 63-83).

k. kekeliZem qarTlis moqcevis sakiTxi xsenebul nark-vevSi gansxvavebulad dasva. kerZod, ratom gaxda aucile-beli uaryofa im Sexedulebisa, rom qarTuli eklesia wm. andrias mieraa dafuZnebuli. misi azriT, èWvs gareSea, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ warmoadgens erTi qristianuli le-gendis paralels, romelSiac qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis rols andria mociquli asrulebs. es aris `mosaÃsenebeli mimoslvaTaTÂs da qadagebaTa mociqulisa andreasi~, romelic ori redaqciiT mecxre saukunis damdegsaa dawe-rili berZnulad, nikita-daviT paflagonelis da mRvdel-monazonis epifanes mier~ (kekeliZe 1957: 81-82). mkvlevari imowmebs TxzulebaTa monacemebs, rogor da saqarTvelos

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romeli mxareebi movlo wm. andria mociqulma, gaavrce-la qristianoba da Semdeg saberZneTis qveynebs miaSura saqadageblad. epifane monazonisa da nikita paflagone-lis TxzulebaTa mixedviT, konstantinopolis sapatri-arqoSi Semaval qveynebSic andria pirvelwodebuli iyo ganmanaTlebeli. misi neSti 357 wels konstantinopolSi gadmoasvenes. ioane oqropiri erT-erT Tavis sityvaSi am qalaqs `mociqulTa qalaqs~ uwodebda da mis ganmanaT-leblad wm. andrias miiCnevda. k.kekeliZis SexedulebiT, ès garemoeba konstantinopolis sapatriarqos aZlevda sabuTs pretenziebisaTvis, Careoda andria mociqulis mier ganaTlebul xalxTa saeklesio cxovrebaSi. rogorc viciT, mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo marTlac am sapat-riarqos SedgenilobaSi Sedioda TiTqmis meaTe sauku-nemde. Cans, mecxre saukuneSi, rodesac daiwera Txzuleba andrias samisionero mimoslvaTa Sesaxeb, am pretenziebs qarTuli eklesiis mimarT gansakuTrebiT mwvave xasiaTi miuRia~ (kekeliZe 1957: 82). rodesac daiwyo aqtiuri brZo-la qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebisaTvis sxvadasxva qveynebis eklesiaTa mxridan, `CvenSi dabadebula survili da azri gabaTilebuli yofiliyo berZenTa pretenziebis safuZveli, saxeldobr, cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli eklesia andria mociqulis mieraa dafuZnebuli, unda ua-reyoT andrias samisionero moRvaweoba qarTvelTa Soris da wamoeyenebinaT sul sxva, andriasagan damoukidebeli misioneri, ese igi _ moqceuliyvnen ise, rogorc grigol parTelis Sesaxeb legendas moeqcnen” (kekeliZe 1957: 83). mecnieri imowmebs ninos `cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemul azrs, rom ninos garda, sxva aravin mosula CvenSi qristianobis saqadageblado. misive azriT, àm SemTxvevaSi ganmeorda is, rasac adgili hqonda gacilebiT adre indoeTSi. meoTxe saukunis pirvel naxevarSi siriul enaze daiwera Toma mo-ciqulis legendur-apokrifuli àqtebi~, romlebSiac is gamoyvanilia rogorc indoeTis ganmanaTlebeli. amiT ede-sis siriul eklesias undoda daesabuTebina Tavisi pre-tenziebi indoeTis eklesiaSi batonobisa. am pretenzie-bis gasabaTileblad daiwera cnobili `sulTamargebeli romani~, romelSiac gamoZebnilia Tomasagan damoukide-

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beli misioneri indoeTisa varlaamisa da ioasafis saxiT~ (kekeliZe 1957: 83).

yovelive zemoTqmuli Cveni saxelovani mecnieris ramdenadme Secvlil Tvalsazriss gvidasturebs. Cans, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstze muSaobisas mas gansxvave-buli Sexeduleba gamoumuSavda andria pirvelwodebu-lis saqarTveloSi qriatianobis saqadageblad mosvlis Sesaxeb, radgan xsenebul narkvevSi igi did mniSvnelobas aniWebs epifane monazonisa da nikita paflagonelis Tx-zulebebs da saerTod àqtebs~ mociqul-misionerTa Se-saxeb. k.kekeliZis Tvalsazrisi savsebiT gaziarebulia T. papuaSvilis mier, romelmac andria mociqulis misioneru-li moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi realur faqtad miiCnia (narkvevebi 1973: 585).

sakiTxis marTebuli aRqmisaTvis saWirod migvaCnia im wyaroebis miTiTeba, sadac andrias skviTiis ganmanaTleb-lad miiCneven. upirveles yovlisa, davimowmebT zemoxsene-bul II-III ss. moRvawis _ origenis cnobas, romlis mixed-viTac, `rodesac wmida mociqulni da mowafeni macxovr-isa Cuenisa moefinnen mTel qveynierebas, Tomas, rogorc Tqmuleba gadmogvcems, wilad xvda parTia, andrias _ skviTia…~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 45). egeve cnobas imeorebs evsevi kesarieli (III-IV ss.) Tavis `saeklesio istoriaSi~; lionis episkoposi evqeric (V s.) skviTias miiCnevs andrias mier ganaTlebul qveynad; wm. isidores (VI-VII ss.) cnobiT, `wminda andrias saqadageblad wilad xvda skviTia da aqaia~, xolo nikifore kalistes gadmocemiT, ̀ wminda andria warg-zavnil iqna saqadagod im qveynebSi, mas rom xvda wilad: ka-padokiaSi, galatiasa da biTviniaSi; aqedan igi wavida anT-ropofagebTan da skviTebTan~ (TamaraSvili 1995: 166).

Semdeg m. TamaraSvili imowmebs konstantinopoleli monazonis, epifanes, CvenTvis kargad cnobil TxzulebaSi dacul epifane kviprelis (IV-V ss.) cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom `…netarma mociqulma andriam damoZRvra skviTebi, sog-dianebi da gorsinebi did sebastopolisSi, sadac mdebare-obs afsaroisis cixe-simagre, isos navsadguri da mdin-are fazisi, sadac cxovroben iberebi, susebi, fustebi da alanebi…~ (TamaraSvili 1995: 67; georgika 1967: 115). iqve,

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rodesac m. TamaraSvili saubrobs andria pirvelwode-bulisadmi miZRvnil nikita paflagonelis cnobil `Sesx-maze~, sadac andria dasaxelebulia iberTa, sarmatTa, tavrTa da skviTTa ganmanaTleblad (patrologia 1862: sv. 64), mecnieri ar eTanxmeba aRniSnuli saeklesio moRvawis iv. javaxiSviliseul Sefasebas da mwerlis obieqturobis damadasturebeli metad sagulisxmo faqti mohyavs misive biografiidan: `misi (nikitas) Txzulebebi sxva mociqule-bis Sesaxeb dafuZnebulia am mociqulTa saqmeebze. nikita maT mxolod SerCeviT iyenebda da ukuagdebda yovelives, rasac saeWvod miiCnevda~ (TamaraSvili 1995: 168).

saerTod unda aRiniSnos, rom ucxoeli mwerlebi da is-torikosebi Savi zRvis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, aRmosav-leTiT da samxreTiT asaxeleben im geografiul punq-tebs, sadac mociqulebs uqadagiaT. maT Soris asaxeleben saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul qalaqebs _ faziss, sebastopoliss, afsaross, agreTve mdinareebs, mxareebs. TiToeuli maTgani aRniSnavs, rom didi sebastopolisi, fazisis xeoba da afsarosis teritoria dasaxlebulia iberebiT anu qarTvelebiT. gviani xanis ucxoeli mogzau-rebic imeoreben wm. andria mociqulis mier saqarTveloSi qristianobis qadagebis Sesaxeb arsebul amave versias.

samarTlianad SeniSnavda r. siraZe, rom `samwuxarod, am saukunis dasawyisidan saxelovani qarTveli mecnierebis mier àndreas mimosvlis~ mniSvneloba ignorirebuli iqna, rac araa marTebuli~, arada, giorgi mTawmidelis mier qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalobis dasacavad andrias `mi-moslvis~ damowmebis Semdeg es Txzuleba ìqca mTavar do-kumentad qarTvelTa saeklesio suverenitetis dasacavad, aman didad gansazRvra qarTvelTa sulieri statusi Znel-bedobaTa Jams...~ mkvlevaris azriT, andrias `mimoslvis~ ignorirebis faqti ìyo maqsimalisturi skefsisis gamov-lineba. momavalSi mizanSewonilia àndreas mimosvlisad-mi~ amgvari mimarTebis daZleva. Cven ar gvaqvs saTanado sa-fuZveli Txzulebis RirsebebSi daeWvebisaTvis, Txzule-bisa, romelic mogviTxrobs saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebaze mociqulTa mier~ (siraZe 1992: 88).

wm. andria pirvelwodebulis mier Savi zRvis sanapiro

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qveynebSi qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb vrclad msje-lobs s. petrovski da samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom wm. and-rias Sesaxeb arsebulma gadmocemebma mravali cvlileba ganicades, ris gamoc Wirs kidec Tavdapirveli istoriuli ambebis mTeli sizustiT aRdgena. man IX-XI saukuneebSi Seqm-nili literatura mociqulTa Sesaxeb arsebuli apokri-fuli Txzulebebis gadamuSavebad miiCnia, ris Sedegadac miviReT gansxvavebuli xasiaTis nawarmoebebi, romlebic SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT rogorc hagiografias, ise homile-tikasac. amitom man, Tavisi kvlevis miznad sami ZiriTadi sakiTxis garkveva daisaxa: 1) apokriful TqmulebaTa Seqm-nis drois gansazRvra; 2) maTi istoriuli Rirebulebis dadgena; 3) maTi mimarTeba mokle saeklesio cnobebTan da gviandel ̀ cxorebebTan~ andria mociqulis Sesaxeb. apokri-fuli `cnobebis~ (Àcta”) detalurma analizma s. petrovski miiyvana im daskvnamde, rom maTi Seqmna unda dasrulebu-liyo V-VI ss-Si, rodesac gnostikurma sistemam erTgvarad gamoacocxla da ganaaxla interesi mociqulTa ̀ mimoslvis~ mimarT. misive azriT, savsebiT dasaSvebia, rom isini Seeqm-naT mociqulTa moRvaweobisa da wamebis aRsrulebisTa-nave, yovel SemTxvevaSi _ II s-Si mainc (petrovski 1897: 47). am e.w. àqtebze~ dayrdnobiT VIII-IX saukuneebSi ukve unda Seqmniliyo apokrifuli xasiaTis hagiografiuli da homi-letikuri Janris Txzulebebi. s. petrovskis SexedulebiT, mociqulTa Sesaxeb arsebuli àqtebidan~ pirveli adgili wm. andria mociqulisa da mataTas moRvaweobas ekava. and-ria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb dawerili ̀ mimoslvaTa~ ber-Znuli redaqcia mkvlevarma I-II saukuneebis mijnaze Seqmni-lad miiCnia.

rac Seexeba apostoluri qadagebebis realurobas aR-mosavleT da CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTis qveynebSi, s. petrovskis SexedulebiT, igi damokidebulia imaze, miviC-nevT Tu ara sarwmunod saerTod Zveli drois gadmoce-mebs (àqtebs~), istorikosTa da apokriful TxzulebebSi dacul cnobebs, romlebic Seexebian wm. andria mociqulis skviTiaSi, xolo wm. barTlomes mier indoeTSi qristiano-bis qadagebis faqtebs. gviandel `moRuawebebsa~ (`~) da mcire moculobis Txzulebebs, romlebic geneti-

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kurad ukavSirdebian apokrifebs, am SemTxvevaSi gadamw-yveti mniSvneloba ar eniWebaT. magram, isic faqtia, rom isini arafers sawinaaRmdegos ar Seicaven am mociqulTa misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. savsebiT realuri da misaRebi Cans s. petrovskis daskvna, rom mociqulTa qa-dagebebis Sesaxeb SavizRvispireTis aRmosavleTisa da Crdilo-aRmosavleTis qveynebSi arsebul `moRuawebebsa~ da mokle cnobebSi (Àcta”) gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi ga-ziarebuli iyo jer kidev IV-V ss-Si, rasac imdroindel is-torikosTa da saeklesio moRvaweTa Sromebi adasturebs. s. petrovski wers: `mTavar sakiTxSi yvela es Sexeduleba emTxveva apokriful da saeklesio-anonimur gadmocemebs, amgvari damTxveva ki saukeTeso garantiaa imisa, rom Savi-zRvispireTis aRmosavleTis _ kavkasiis da CrdiloeTis _ tavrebis _ qveynebSi mociqulTa moRvaweoba da qris-tianobis qadageba uZvelesi droidanve sarwmunod iyo miCneuli da, Sesabamisad, marTlac sarwmunoa” (petrovski 1898: 182-183).

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTul sinamdvileSi andrias mimoslvis ambavi X s-Si Sesulad miaCnia, fr. dvorniki wm. andrias moRvaweobas SavizRvispireTis aRmosavleT da Crdilo-aRmosavleT qveynebSi realur faqtad Tvlis. mas miaCnia, rom andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb arsebul evangelur monaTxrobs daefuZna SemdegSi misi misioner-uli moRvaweobis amsaxveli Txzulebebi (dDvorniki 1958: 263).

evangelur-apostolur monaTxrobTan erTad adreqris-tianuli mwerlobis cnobebi gamxdara safuZveli epifane monazonisa da nikita paflagonelis TxzulebebisaT-vis. Tavis mxriv, rogorc Cans, epifanes Txzuleba gaxda sa-fuZveli im nawarmoebisa, romelic m. bonem gamoaqveyna Ànalecta Bollandiana~-Si (t.13, 1894) XI-XII saukuneebis xelna-werebis mixedviT (r. lifsiusis mosazrebis sapirispirod fr. dvornikma daadgina, rom m. bones mier gamoqveynebuli e.w. `Laudatio~-s [xelnawerebSi _ `…~] erTaderT wyaros epifane monazonis `wm. andrias cxovreba~ warmoad-gens (ix. dDvorniki 1958: 226. ix. agreTve, Llifsiusi 1883: 571 da Semdeg).

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swored am Txzulebis avtorad miiCnevs efTvime aToneli nikita paflagonels, rasac misi qarTuli Targmanis sa-TaurSi miuTiTebs. aseve fr. halkini, romelmac andrias àqtebis~ Sesaxeb arsebuli wyaroebis bibliografia Sead-gina, am Txzulebis avtorad nikita paflagonels Tvlis; Tumca CvenTvis gaurkvevelia, romeli xelnaweris cnobas emyareba igi am SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan aq mxolod m. bones CvenTvis cnobil gamocemebs asaxelebs. ase rom, Cven aRniS-nul nawarmoebs, romelic XI saukunis damdegs uTargmnia efTvime aTonels qarTul enaze, apriori nikita paflagone-lis mier SeTxzulad miviCnevT.

niSandoblivia, rom fr. dvornikma epifane monazonis Txzuleba mdare gemovnebisad CaTvala, ris gamoc, misi az-riT, aucilebeli gamxdara erTgvari kompilaciuri Sromis Sedgena, romelic ànonim~ avtors Seuqmnia. fr. dvornikis SexedulebiT, Txzuleba dawerili unda iyos 880 wlis Sem-deg, ori eklesiis _ romisa da konstantinopolis ekle-siaTa Tanxmobis periodSi, rasac adgili swored am drois Semdeg hqonda… (dDvorniki 1958: 233). daaxloebiT amave xanebSi Seqmnilad miiCnevs aRniSnul Txzulebas i, flamio-nic (Fflamioni 1911: 85). mkvlevars amas afiqrebinebs Tx-zulebis Sesaval nawilSi wm. andriasa da wm. petres (òri udidesi mociqulis~) Zmobis, maTi Tanxmobis xazgasma, orives `Sesxmas~ moicavs igi (dDvorniki 1958: 231-232).

fr. dvornikma epifane monazonis Txzulebaze dayrd-nobiT andria mociqulis samisionero qveynad kolxeTi, igive iberTa qveyana, susebi, fustebi da alanebi miiC-nia. igi aseve andrias miiCnevs mTeli SavizRvispireTis ganmanaTleblad, sadac man mravali saswaulic moaxdina (dDvorniki 1958: 225). igi exeba xatmbrZolobis epoqaSi konstantine (V) kopronimis miutevebel gadawyvetile-bas, brZanebas, rom gaenadgurebinaT konstantinopolTan aRmarTuli wm. andria mociqulis marmarilos qandakeba. fr. dvornikis dakvirvebiT, ànonimi~ avtoris (Cvens mier nikita paflagonelad miCneuli _ m.k.) TxzulebaSi didi adgili eTmoba andria mociqulis mier staqes episkoposad kurTxevas, mociqulis qadagebas iberebTan, skviTebTan, sarmatebTan, CrdiloeTi da samxreTi SavizRvispireTis

59

TiTqmis yvela kuTxesa da qalaqSi (dDvorniki 1958: 34). wm. andria pirvelwodebulis `mimoslvaTa~ sxvadasxva redaq-ciis Sejerebis Sedegad igi im daskvnamde mivida, rom X saukunemde qarTvelebi ar icnobdnen gadmocemebs and-ria mociqulis Sesaxeb da swored am dros gaecvnen mas. maT ainteresebdaT cnobebi andrias mogzaurobis Sesaxeb aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi, kerZod, qalaq sebastopo-lisSi, rogorc es aRwerilia epifane monazonis Txzuleba-sa da svinaqsarebSi (dDvorniki 1958: 262). aRsaniSnavia, rom svimeon metafrastis mier Sedgenil mosaxsenebelSi, rom-lis ZiriTad wyaros epifane monazonis Txzuleba da `Lau-datio~ warmoadgens wm. andrias misioneruli moRvaweobis geografiuli areali kidev ufro gafarToebulia (amasTan dakavSirebiT ix. Menaia Novembris 1843: 235-245; Synaxarium 1902: 265 da Semdeg; fFlamioni 1911: 238-241) fr. dvornikis dakvirvebiT, qarTvelebma myisve gaiTvaliswines aRniS-nuli cnobis aucilebloba TavianTi eklesiisaTvis, raTa is SemdgomSi samociqulod yofiliyo miCneuli, SeeqmnaT iseTi warmodgena, rom wm. andriam daaarsa maTi eklesia... saqarTvelodan ki wm. andria gadasula tamanis naxevarkun-Zulze, SesaZloa igi aq saberZneTidanac ki moxvda. Semdeg igi gadavida kievSi, rogorc mogviTxroben Zveli rusuli qronikebi (dDvorniki 1958: 263).

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli orgvari Tval-sazrisi wm. andria pirvelwodebulis misioneruli moR-vaweobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi, saTanado wyaroebze dayrd-nobiT ganixila mTavarepiskoposma anania jafariZem, ris Sedegadac daaskvna, rom `qarTvelTa Soris qristianoba mociqulebma gaavrceles... ... saqarTveloSi ramdenime mo-ciqulma iqadaga. ori mociquli saqarTveloSive ganisven-ebs, kerZod, simon kananeli da mataTia. qarTuli eklesia daamyara wm. mociqulma andriam, radganac man xeli daasxa saqarTvelos pirvel episkoposs awyurSi da dauarsa mas saepiskoposo kaTedra, romelSic mRvdlebi da diakvnebi hyavda~ (mTavarepiskoposi anania 1996: 42).

amrigad, gamoikveTa ori mimarTuleba wm. andria pirvel-wodebulis misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelo-Si: 1. mecnierTa nawili amtkicebs, rom andrias wvlili

60

qarTvelTa moqcevis saqmeSi realur safuZvels moklebu-lia, 2. meore nawili ki dokumenturad adasturebs andrias mociqulobis faqts. sakiTxi sabolood ar gadaWrila, Tumca unda vaRiaroT da Cvenc im azrisa varT, rom wm. andria pirvelwodebulis misioneruli moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi realur faqts unda warmoadgendes. Tu aseTad ar miviC-nevT mas, maSin sxva danarCen mociqulTa misionerul moR-vaweobaSic unda SevitanoT eWvi. samarTlianad aRniSna s. poliakovam, rom `religiur-mistikur mxareze simZimis ga-datanis gziT sarwmuno istoriuli faqtebi hagiografiul legendebad gardaisaxebian~ (bizantiuri legendebi 1972: 257). rogorc Cans, mociqulTa moRvaweobis mniSvnelobam ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT daCrdila maTi istoriul-realuri arsebobis faqti.

damowmebani:

arqimandriti makari 1846: Архимандрит Макаря. История христянства в Ро- Макаря. История христянства в Ро-Макаря. История христянства в Ро-. История христянства в Ро-История христянства в Ро-сии до равноалостооьского кн., Владимира, СПб., 1846.

baqraZe 1889:. baqraZe d. istoria saqarTvelosi. tf.: 1889.Dbizantiuri legendebi 1972: Dbpfynbqcrbt ktutyls> rfr kbnthfnehyjt zdk-

tybt> d ry.% Dbpfynbqcrbt Ktutyls: K.: 1972.brose 1895: mari brose, saqarTvelos istoria, naw. pirveli, tf.:

1895.B̀HGHbhg~, I, 1957: `BIblioteka Haguographica Graeca, par. Fr. Halkin. I, Bruxelles:

1957.georgika 1967: georgika (bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTve-

los Sesaxeb), s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema. VII, Tb.: 1967.dDvorniki 1958: D�ornik Fr. The Idea of Apostolisity in Bizantium and the legend of

the Apostle Andrew. Cambridge: Masachusetts, 1958.enciklopedia 1975: qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. I, Tb.: 1975.TamaraTi 1910: Tamarati M. L’Eglisse Georgienne..., �ome: 1910. TamaraSvili 1995: m. TamaraSvili, qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan

dRemde, Tb.: 1995.TayaiSvili 1890: TayaiSvili e. `sami istoriuli xronika~. tf.: 1890.TayaiSvili 1891: TayaiSvili e. axali varianti wm. ninos cxovrebisa,

anu meore nawili qarTlis moqcevisa. tf.: 1891.Teimuraz batoniSvili 1848: batoniSvili T. ìstoria dawyebiTgan

iveriisa, ese igi giorgisa, romel ars sruliad saqarTveloÁsa~. sankt-peterburRi: 1848.

Bioseliani 1843: Иоселиани П . Краткая история грузинской цуркви. С.-Пб.:1843.

kekeliZe 1956: kekeliZe k. werilebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-toriidan. etiudebi..., I, Tb.:1956.

61

kekeliZe 1957: kekeliZe k. qarTvelTa moqcevis mTavari istoriul-qronologiuri sakiTxebi. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-toriidan. IV, Tb.: 1957.

Llipsiusi 1883: �.A. Lipsius, Die apokrryphen Apostelgeschichten, und Apostel-legenden, I, Braunschweig., 1883.

mTavarepiskoposi anania 1996: mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria. I, Tb.: 1996.

miTebi 1987: Мифы Народов Мира. Ш, М.:1987.narkvevebi 1973: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. II, Tb.: 1973.nikolaZe 1918: nikolaZe e. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria. quTaisi:

1918.Menaia Novembris 1843: Menaia Novembris. Venice: 1843.patrologia 1862: Patrologial cirsis completus ser. Graeca. ed. J. P. Migne, t.

105, Paris: 1862.petrovski 1897: Петровский С. В. Сказания об Апостольской пропеведи по

северно-восточному Черноморскому побережью. ЗИООИ, т. XX, 1897.petrovski 1898: Петровский С. В. Сказания об Апостольской пропеведи по

северно-восточному Черноморскому побережью. ЗИООИ, т. XXI, 1898.sabinini 1877: Сабинин Г. (М.) История Грузинской Цуркви (до конца VI века).

С.-ПБ., 1877.selezniovi 1847: Салезнёв М. Реководство к познанию кавказа. кн. I, СПб,

1847.siraZe 1992: siraZe r. qristianuli kultura da qarTuli mwerloba.

I, Tb.: 1992.Synaxarium 1902: Synaxarium Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae. Acta Sanctorum, Pro-

pylaea, No�ember, ed. H. Delehaye, Brussels: 1902. flamioni 1911: Flamion S. Les Actes Apocryples de l’Apòtre Andrè. Louvien:

1911.yubaneiSvili 1946: s. yubaneiSvili, Zveli qarTuli literaturis

qrestomaTia, I, Tb.:1946.janaSvili 1898: Джанашвили М. История Грузинской церкви. Кн., I, Тифлис:

1898.janaSvili 1886: m. janaSvili, saqarTvelos saeklesio istoria. tf.:

1886.janaSvili1909: janaSvili m. qarTuli mwerloba. II, tf.: 1909.

62

Malkhaz Kobiashvili

St. Andrew in Georgia

Summary

Accurding to the viewpoint spead in the scholarly works the infor-mation that St. Andrew worked in Georgia appears in Byzantine writing from VIII-IX centuries and reached the Georgian writing in IX-XI centu-ries. We consider that studying the question has a long history and final analysis should include modern data too.

There are two main directions: 1. the part of the scholars’ proof that Saint Andria’s work in Geprgia and his attempt po Christian the people is not on true facts; 2. the other part of scholars prove the fact of Andria’s missionary work through documents. It is obvious that the question is not solved though we consider that Saint Andria’s missionary work in Georgia should be real, otherwise the missionary work of other apostles seem doubtful too.

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ia grigalaSvili

qarTuli samociqulo eklesiis warmoSobis istoriidan

qarTuli xelovnebis araerTi Zegli ganadgurda ga-reSe mtrebis SemosevebiTa Tu Cvenive daudevrobiT, sa-qarTvelos farglebs gareT aRmoCnda sasuliero kul-turis mravali SesaniSnavi nimuSi, zogierTi maTgani dai-karga an dazianda, Tumca, umravlesoba, rac Cvenamde SemorCa, swored qristianul epoqaTa kuTvnilebaa. amitom gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba qarTuli samociqu-lo eklesiis istoriis Seswavlas zogadad qarTuli erovnul-socialuri da kulturis istoriis sakiTxebis gasaazreblad.

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi sarwmunoeba da erovnuloba bunebrivad SeerTda qarTvelis cnobierebaSi da im idea-lad, principad damkvidrda, romelsac aranairi gan-sacdelis Jams ar eRalateba: àra gecruvneT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno, kaTolike eklesiao, arca gangceT Sen, sa-siqadulo Cueno marTlmadideblobao, romlisa arca ganm-cemel qmnil varT...~ (didi sjulis kanoni 1975: 549).

saqarTvelos eklesiis warmoSobis, misi avtokefaliis sakiTxebi samecniero SromebSi ganxiluli aqvT platon ioselians, mixeil sabinins, mose janaSvils, niko mars, Tedo Jordanias, kirion saZagliSvils, kalistrate cin-caZes, ivane javaxiSvils, daviT CubinaSvils, polievqtos karbelaSvils, dimitri baqraZes, mari broses, korneli kekeliZes, mixeil TamaraSvils, wmida grigol feraZes, pavle ingoroyvas, mariam lorTqifaniZes, niko lomours, aleqsandre abdalaZes, eqvTime koWlamazaSvils, gvanca koplataZes, maia firCxaZes da sxvebs.

qarTuli samociqulo eklesiis istoria dasabamidan bolo xanebamde gadmocemulia wignebSi: vaxtang goilaZe, `qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan~ (1991) mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe `samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ (1996), vaxtang ToraZe, nino ToraZe ̀ saqarTvelos marTlmadide-beli eklesiis istoria~.

64

qarTuli saistorio tradiciis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo-Si uqadagiaT andria pirvelwodebuls, simon kananelsa da mataTas. cnobilia, rom àmbavi mociqulTa saqarTveloSi mosvlisa~ ar Sedioda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Zvel xelnawe-rebSi da XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi vaxtang VI-is `mecnier kacTa”komisiam CarTo “mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ im adgilze, sadac aRwerili iyo `mefe aderkis mefoba~, romlis dro-sac mosulan wmida mociqulebi saqarTveloSi (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: 31).

ucxouri wyaroebidan ki mociqulTa mimosvlis faqts pirvelad ixseniebs origene (185-254 ww.): `roca wminda mo-ciqulebi da mowafeni macxovrisa Cuenisa moefinnen mTel qveyanas, Tomam wilad miiRo parTia, andriam-skviTia, ioa-nem-asia, petrem-ponto, galatia da biTinia, kabadokia da asia~. igives imeorebs evxeric (gard.449) lionis episkopo-si da evsevi kesarielic (260-340ww.).

polievqtos karbelaSvilis TqmiT, qristianobis gavr-celeba mcire aziasa da Cvens qveyanaSi kanonzomieri mov-lena iyo. palestinis CrdiloeTiT mdebare samTavroebi Sav zRvamde (axlandeli mcire azia), rogorc TviT pales-tinac, Zvelad Seadgendnen didi romis imperiis nawils da friad mdidari xalxiT iyo dasaxlebuli. geografiuli mdebareoba da ganuwyveteli saaRebmicemo gaxSirebuli misvla-mosvla xels uwyobda mcire aziis sxvadasxva tom-Ta daaxloebas palestinasTan.

jer kidev nabuqudonosor mefis droidan mcire aziasa da Cven qveyanaSi mravlad iyvnen dasaxlebuli ebraelebi, romlebic sulierad iyvnen dakavSirebuli TavianT sam-SoblosTan-palestinasTan. Savi zRvis samxreTi napiri, anu mcire aziis CrdiloeTi mxare imTaviTve dasaxlebuli iyo qarTveli tomiT da iwodeboda kabadokiad, romelic ebraelebTan erTad iyo damakavSirebeli mcire aziasa da palestinasTan. ieso qristes gamocxadebis dros mcire azia, kabadokia da palestina berZen-romaelTa gavlenis qveS imyofeboda. esec SeiZleboda yofiliyo imis mizezi, rom warmarTobam, rogorc berZen-romaelTa ZaladobiT motanilma, Tavi moabezra xalxs da amitom mcire aziisa da imJamindeli saqarTvelos mkvidrni TanaugrZnobdnen qris-

65

tianobas. qristes amaRlebis Semdeg mcire azias moefinnen saxarebis saqadageblad wm. mociqulni-ioane RvTisme-tyveli, petre da pavle, andria da simoni, barTlome, bana-ba da Tadeozi (mataTa) da male gaavrceles kidec. àntio-qia, efeso, galatia, frigia, paflagonia, lidia, edesia, kabadokia, kolxida ramdensame welSi gardaiqcnen saqris-tiano eklesiebad. pirveli episkoposi evodi petre moci-qulma daadgina antioqiaSi 42 wels da amitom yvela mcire aziis CamoTvlili eklesiebi wmida mociqulebma daumor-Ciles antioqiis mRvdel-mTavarsa. kabadokiaSi qristiano-ba hqadages orTa ZmaTa-petrem da andriam. es ukanaskneli gaudga kolxidisaken svimon moSurnesTan erTad, mimovlo klarjeTi, dasavleT saqarTvelo abxazeTianaT da hqadaga wmida saxareba~ (javaxiSvili 1900: 45).

sasuliero literaturisa da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mi-xedviT, qarTvelTa moqceva wmida mariam RvTismSobels ergo wilad. Tumca, Cvens qveyanaSi ver wamosula da mis nacvlad andria pirvelwodebuls uqadagia, Tan RvTism-Soblis xelTuqmneli xati moubrZanebia. qarTuli saekle-sio tradiciiT, es awyuris RvTismSoblis xatia, romelic aseve xelovnebis muzeumSia daculi. iTvleba, rom luka ma-xareblis dawerilia wilknis RvTismSoblis xati, romelic aseve xelovnebis muzeumSi inaxeba, xolo misi asli wilknis eklesiaSia dabrZanebuli.

pavle ingoroyvas TqmiT, iovane sabanisZes `wmida ha-bos wamebaSi~ dasaxelebuli aqvs, swored is punqtebi, sa-dac wmida mociqulebs umoRvawiaT: `trapezunti mun ars, sayofeli igi afsareaÁsa, da nafsaÁs navsadguri~. mecni-eris TqmiT, trapezunti aris is punqti, sadac gadmoce-miT, iqadaga andria mociqulma da saidanac is Semovida saqarTveloSi; Sua mxareSi mdebare afsari aris is punqti, sadac, gadmocemiT, dasaflavebuli iyo andrias TanamoR-vawe mociquli mataTa; CrdiloeT mxareSi mdebare nafsaÁs navsadguri (nikofsia) aris punqti, sadac gadmocemiT, dasaflavebuli iyo andrias TanamoRvawe, mociquli simon kananeli.

doroTeos tvirelis (mesame saukunis dasasrulis avto-risa) da epifane kviprelis (meoTxe saukunis meore naxev-

66

ris avtoris) teqstebSi, moipoveba cnobebi wmida andria mociqulis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb dasavleT saqarTveloSi. ieronimes Txzulebis damatebaSi ki, romelic miewereba meoTxe saukunis avtors, sofronis, naTqvamia: àndriam, rogorc gadmogvces winaprebma, iqadaga did sebastopol-Si, sadac aris afsaris cixe-simagre, da mdinare fasisi~(ix. O.Gebhardt, Hieronimus de viris illustribus...., 1896 (TU XXV), p.3, 7, 14. 3. v.vasilevski, op.cit. gv.225-226). mataTa mociqulis Ses-axeb ki naTqvamia: `mataTam... iqadaga saxareba meore eTio-piaSi (kolxeTSi), sadac aris afsaris cixe-simagre da hÂsis navsadguri...iqve gardaicvala da damarxulia dRemde~ (ix.O. Gebhardt, op. cit. gv.226). me-8 saukunis avtoris epifane konstantinopolelis Txzulebis zedwerilSi ki miTiTe-bulia, `kÂpreli episkoposis epifanes sityviT, man icoda gadmocemidan, rom netarma mociqulma andriam...iqadaga did sebastolisSi, sadac aris afsaris cixe-simagre da hÂ-sis navTsadguri, da mdinare fasisi, da sadac mosaxleoben iberielni, susanelni, (resp.sosanelni), da fustelni, alan-ni~ (ix. Migne, PG cr.t.120, gv.221, v. vasilevski, op.cit. gv. 226; (ingoroyva 1954: 211-223).

maia firCxaZe aRniSnavs, rom “andria mociqulis ̀ mimosv-lisa~ da moRvaweobis arealad origene, evxeri, isidore is-palieli, evsevi kesarieli asaxeleben skviTias, doroTeos tvirelTan da sofromTan amas emateba afsarosi, mdinare fazisi da sebastopolisi; epifane konstantinepo-lel-Tan (epifane kviprelze dayrdnobiT)gvxvdeba `sogdia-nebi, mosxinebi did sebastopolisSi~, afsaris cixe, hisos navsadguri da mdinare fazisi iq mcxovrebi xalxiT (ibe-rielebi, susebi, fustebi, alanebi...) Teodorite kvirels Semohyavs àvazgia~ (efremis ganmartebiT _àfxazeTi~), oseTi da barTlome mociqulis moRvaweobis adgili ̀ Crdi-loeTi~ (efrem mciriseuli `qarTli~), nikifore kaliste asaxelebs-kabadokias, galaTias, biTviniasa da skviTias, nikita paflaRoneli ki amas umatebs savromatebs, tavreb-sa da yvela maT, romlebic èvqsinis pontos CrdiloeTiT imyofebian da samxreTiTac arian ganlagebulni~ (firCxaZe 2002: 18).

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eqvTime mTawmindelis mier Targmnili wmida andria mo-ciqulis `mimosvlaTa~ teqstidan Cans, wmida andria moci-quli samjer Semosula Cvens qveyanaSi qristianobis saqa-dageblad. pirvelad samegreloSi uqadagia, Semdeg gada-sula qarTlSi. parTiis gavliT asula ierusalimSi, sadac dResaswaulobdnen aRdgomas. meored SavizRvispireTis teritoriaze uqadagia, kerZod, samegreloSic, xolo mesa-med- qarTlSi svimeon kananelTan da mataTasTan erTad.

sagulisxmo faqtia wmida mociqulis mier aseTi gansa-kuTrebuli yuradRebisa da mzrunvelobis gamoCena Cveni qveynis mcxovreblebis mimarT. RvTis nebis morCilebiT aRmsrulebeli wminda mociqulebi cdilobdnen, rac SeiZ-leboda bevr qveyanaSi gaevrcelebinaT qristeanuli swav-leba. ibadeba kiTxva: ratom Semovida samjer wmida andria saqarTveloSi? amis mizezi Cveni azriT, is garemoeba unda yofiliyo, rom wmida mociquli rwmenis ganmtkicebas cdilobda adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris, amasTan er-Tad amowmebda, azustebda, ramdenad axorcielebdnen mis naqadagars qristeanobaze axladmoqceulni.

Tu ra saxis iyo aRniSnuli swavleba, teqstSivea gan-martebuli: “xolo didebuli andrea sxviTa maT Tana movi-dodes qalaqiTi qalaqad da sofliTi soflad, aswavebdes ersa da iqmodes saswaulTa da esreT miiwivnes queyanasa qarTlisasa da vidre mdinaredmde Woroxisa, daucadebe-lad qadagebdes saxelsa RuTisasa~ (kobiaSvili 2008: 189) mcxovreblebs aswavla `wesi locvisaÁ da didebis met-yuelebisa RmrTisaÁ da gangebaÁ wmidisa JamiswirvisaÁ da ubrZana mwuxri da ganTiad zogad SekrebaÁ da aRmosaval-iT kerZo dadgomaÁ da muxlmodrekiT locuaÁ da galobaÁ fsalmunTa daviTisTa, marxvad da mRÂiZarebad da kiTx-vad saRmrToTa werilTa da ara sawarmarToTa zRaparTa, aramed TqmulTa mosesTa da sxuaTa winaÁswarmetyuelTa-sa; da raTa daimarxon Seucvalebelad yovelive ganwesebu-li mociqulTa mier, viTarca pirTa RmrTisaÁTa Tqumuli~ (xazi Cvenia-i.g) (kobiaSvili 2008: 174).

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, wmida mociquli meg-relTa mxareSi qadagebis Semdeg didaWaraSi gadavida “da iwyo qadagebad saxarebisa. rameTu kacni pirutyuTa

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uugunures iyvnes da ara icnobdes Semoqmedsa RmerTsa, da yovelsa saZagelsa da arawmidasa wessa aRasrulebdes, romeli saTqmeladaca ujero ars. da mravalni Wirni da gan-sacdelni daiTminna urwmunoTagan, da SewevniTa RmrTisa-Ta da wmidisa mis xatisaTa yovelnive madlobiT moiTminna, vidremdis yovelnive moaqcivna da moiyvanna sarwmunoebad. rameTu adgilsa, romelsa daasvena xati yovlad-wmidisa RmrTismSoblisa, aRmoecena wyaro friad Suenieri da didi, romeli-igi vidre dResca dauwyuedelad aRmosdis. da Semokrbes yovelnive yovliT-kerZo mkÂdrni mis queya-nisani, da naTel-sca yovelTa saxeliTa mamisaTa, da ZisaTa, da sulisa wmidisaTa, da daadginna mRudelni da diakonni, da daudva wesi da sazRuari sarwmunoebisa. da aRaSennes ekklesia Suenieri saxelsa zeda yovlad-wmidisa RvTism-Sobelisasa~ (xazi Cvenia-i.g.) (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 39).

miiCneven, rom “didaWaraSi xangrZlivi drois ganmav-lobaSi arsebobda eklesia da, rogorc Cans, ara mxolod erTi. aq dRemde moaRwia mravalma, am mxriv saintereso toponimma. ramdenime adgilze mosaxleoba eklesiis adre arsebobas varaudobs. didaWaris istoriiT dainteresebu-li amave sofelSi mcxovrebi pirebi, magaliTad, Tamaz wu-lukiZe, Tavis CanawerebSi miiCnevs, rom im adgilze, sadac andria pirvelwodebulma jvari daasvena, jvris msgavsad amoCuxCuxda wyaros oTxi Tvali. garda amisa, didaWaraSi erTi marTlac uiSviaTesi faqti mowmdeba. mosaxleoba gamohyofs adgils, sadac ramdenime wyaro amoedineba da Tvlis, rom maTgan erTi wmindaa. igi arc zafxulSi da arc zamTarSi ar klebulobs. wyaroze xelis Sexeba, anu rogorc respodentebi gamoTqvamen, “wyaros wamoyvana’’ codvad iTvleba” (mgelaZe 2008: 13-14). maSasadame, im adgilas, sa-dac wmida mociqulma RvTismSoblis xati daasvena, amo-xeTqa wyarom, romelic mematianis epoqaSic moedineboda. sagulisxmoa, rom mZime istoriuli xvedris miuxedavad, mosaxleobis mexsierebam am dromde Semoinaxa uZvelesi gadmocemebi. wyaro ki DdRemde arsebobs, rogorc xiluli saswauli.

2007 wels meufe spiridonis xelSewyobiT xulos raio-nis sofel didaWaris centridan CrdiloeTiT mdebare

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`mTarangelozis~ borcvis arqeologiuri Seswavlis Sede-gad dadasturda, rom àmave teritoriaze unda yofiliyo gamarTuli eklesia (andria pirvelwodebulis mier).

momdevno epoqebSi araerTi gadakeTebis, darecxvis, damewyvris, XVI-XVII ss. aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi-sa da bolodroindeli (XXs. 90-iani wlebi) mizanmimarTu-li qmedebebis Sedegad albaT ganadgurda andria pirvel-wodebulis droindeli taZris naSTebi, romelTa nawili damuSavebuli kvadrebis saxiT borcvis irgvliv mravla-daa SemorCenili. miuxedavad zemoaRniSnulisa, mainc sbo-lood ver moxerxda taZris nakvalevis waSla~ (ebraliZe 2008: 38).

wmida andria mociqulis moRvaweobis xanaSi unda Cay-roda safuZveli CvenSi eklesiaTa mSeneblobas. mniSvne-lovania is faqti, rom `biWvintis naqalaqarSi 1952-1971 ww. warmoebulma Txram gamoavlina ax.w. II-VI ss.sasimagro nagebobani, galavnis kedlebi da koSkebi, sameurneo da sakulto nagebobani. am ukanasknelTagan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs didi taZris samnaviani, waxnagovan-ab-sidiani bazilikisa da misi minaSenis nangrevi. taZari, Cans, moxdenili yofila, Sig marmarilos svetebi mdgara, xolo iataki mTlianad dafaruli yofila maRalmxatvruli mo-zaikiT. mozaikiani taZari uZvelesi yofila, Sig marmari-los svetebi mdgara, xolo iataki mTlad dafaruli yo-fila maRalmxatvruli mozaikiT. mozaikiani taZari uZve-lesi yofila, mis nangrevebze kidev orjer augiaT eklesia. erTi maTganis Senebisas Zveli mozaikac gamouyenebiaT VI s. Sua wlebSi, iustinianes dros. Zveli ki aSenebula adgi-lobrivi didkacis-orelis mier, misi da misi saxlis sal-ocvelad. raki Zvel egrisSi, iseve rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, taZrebis mSenebloba gaiSala qristianobis gavrcelebis kvaldakval, biWvintaSi ukve unda mdgariyo taZari- salocavi saydari biWvintis episkoposisa, rome-lic 325 wlis nikeis msoflio saeklesio krebis monawile iyo~ (lomTaTiZe 1977: 12).

biWvinTis mozaikis Sesrulebis maRali teqnika mowmobs, rom biWvinTaSi adgilobrivi skolac ki SeiZleboda arse-buliyo. taZris kompoziciis calkeul detalebsa Tu siu-

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JetebSi antikuri, elinistur-mxatvruli tradiciebis garda vlindeba agreTve qristianuli simbolika, kerZod, taZris centralur nawilSi-sakurTxevelSi (vaCnaZe 1982: 106-111).

`wminda ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, wmida ninos brZane-biTa da mefe mirianis surviliT Sesdgomian eklesiis age-bas mSeneblebi. Cndeba kiTxva: Tu eklesiaTa agebis tradi-cia ar arsebobda Cvens qveyanaSi, saidan unda scodnodaT mSeneblebs ra saxe unda miecaT nagebobisaTvis? sasulie-ro pirTa mowveva bizantiidan mefem mxolod taZris agebis Semdeg brZana.

simon yauxCiSvilis SeniSvniT, gelasi kesarieli rode-sac gviambobs mirian mefis brZanebiT eklesiis agebis Sesa-xeb, naTqvamia: `rodesac saxlis stoas aSenebdnen, saWiro iyo SuaSi svetebis aRmarTvac mamakacebisa da dedakacebis SesakrebelTa gasayofad~. aq Cven gvaqvs qarTuli xuroT-moZRvrebis istoriisaTvis metad mniSvnelovani cnoba, saxeldobr, rom ukve uZveles qarTul taZrebs moepove-boda specialuri nawili~ (yauxCiSvili 1926: 64).

Cveni azriT, wmida SuSanikis mier xazgasma, rom mamaka-cebma da dedakacebma ar unda Wamon erTad puri, SesaZloa asaxavdes qristianuli saeklesio wes-Cveulebis gabatone-bas saero cxovrebaSi.

sayuradReboa, wmida grigol feraZis mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ mixedviT, àbia-Tari unda iyos warmomadgeneli mcxeTis iudevel qris-tianTa mrevlisa, romelic albaT ukve meore saukuneSi arsebobda aq.~ (feraZe 2003: 76).

cnobilia, rom mcxeTaSi ebrauli koloniis gaCenas qar-Tuli saistorio tradicia elinistur xanas akuTvnebs. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~ vaspurakanis mTavari abiaTars eubneba, rom fg (e.i.503) weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni mamebi (e.i. winaprebi) movidneno aq (e.i. mcxeTaSi, qarTl-Si). amave saubarSi abiaTari ambobs, rom 334 welia, rac RmerTi aRar mfarvelobs israels. ueWvelia, igulisxmeba qristes mowamebrivi sikvdili, romelSic ebraelebs adana-Saulebdnen. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~ qristes dabadebidan TariRebi motanilia,

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rogorc TariRebi qristes sikvdilidan, SeiZleba gamovi-angariSoT mcxeTis ebrauli koloniis daarsebis TariRic: ax.w.334-503=Zv.w.169w. (narkvevebi... 1970: 452-453).

bunebrivia, ebraelebsa da qarTvelebs Soris adgili eqneboda kulturul faseulobaTa urTierTgaziarebasa da gacvlasac. wmida mociqulTa saRvTismsaxuro praqtika Tavdapirvelad emyareboda ZvelaRTqmiseul, iudeur gamocdilebas. ebrauli taZris RvTismsaxurebaSi sakma-od Zlieri iyo musikalur-sasimRero elementi. sagu-lisxmoa, rom `134-e da 135-e fsalmunebs ebraelebica da qristianebic iyenebdnen RvTismsaxurebisas, radgan isini mimarTuli iyo kerpTayvanismcemlobis winaaRmdeg~ (tipikoni 1910: 3).

albaT, swored fsalmunTa galobas, mosesa da winas-warmetyvelTa Tqmulis swavlebas asaxavda Tavdapirveli saRvTismsaxuro praqtika. Tu ratom iyo sagulisxmo mose winaswarmetyvelis Tqmuli, giorgi amartolis xronoR-rafSi vkiTxulobT: ”mose icnobebis pirvelad brZnad, viTarca daswers evpolemos, da pirvelad ebraelTa mim-cemel eqmnebis werilisa, romeli igi saRmrToman abraham moiRo qaldevelTagan, rameTu esreT ityÂs iosipos vi-Tarmed “pirvelad abraham qadaga dambadebelad RmerTi da pirvel STavida egviptes da mricxuelobiTi da varsku-lavT-metyvelebiTi sibrZne aswava megviptelTa. `rameTu pirvelad qaldevelTa moepovnes eseni, xolo ebraelTa-gan miiRes finikelTa, romelTagan kadmos ukue moixuna ellenTa momarT; xolo osiodos uSuenieresad Seawyvna da gulisxmierad ellen yvna igini~ (yauxCiSvili 1920: 14).

maSasadame, wmida winaswarmetyvelni arian sjulis mqa-dagebelni, RvTis gulmxurvale madidebelni, ganbrZno-, RvTis gulmxurvale madidebelni, ganbrZno-RvTis gulmxurvale madidebelni, ganbrZno- gulmxurvale madidebelni, ganbrZno-gulmxurvale madidebelni, ganbrZno- madidebelni, ganbrZno-madidebelni, ganbrZno-, ganbrZno-ganbrZno-bilni, swored amdenad aris maTi Tqmuli mniSvnelovani rwmenaSi axladmoqceulTa da saerTodac morwmuneTa gansamtkiceblad. dResac, qristeanul RvTismsaxurebaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs fsalmunebsa da winaswarme- adgili uWiravs fsalmunebsa da winaswarme-adgili uWiravs fsalmunebsa da winaswarme- uWiravs fsalmunebsa da winaswarme-uWiravs fsalmunebsa da winaswarme- fsalmunebsa da winaswarme-fsalmunebsa da winaswarme- da winaswarme-da winaswarme- winaswarme-winaswarme-tyvelTa sakiTxavebs, amasTan erTad mociqulTa swavlebasac.

meufe anania jafariZe miiCnevs, rom mociqulTa dros saqarTveloSi Seqmnili qristeanuli Temebi avtokefa- Seqmnili qristeanuli Temebi avtokefa-Seqmnili qristeanuli Temebi avtokefa- qristeanuli Temebi avtokefa-qristeanuli Temebi avtokefa- Temebi avtokefa-Temebi avtokefa- avtokefa-avtokefa-luri iyo. igi ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar- iyo. igi ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-iyo. igi ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-. igi ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-igi ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi arar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-ar iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar- iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-iziarebs qarTul istoriografiaSi ar- qarTul istoriografiaSi ar-qarTul istoriografiaSi ar- istoriografiaSi ar-istoriografiaSi arar-ar-

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sebul mosazrebas avtokefaliis mopovebamde (romelic vaxtang gorgaslis damsaxurebad iTvleba) antioqiis sa- gorgaslis damsaxurebad iTvleba) antioqiis sa-gorgaslis damsaxurebad iTvleba) antioqiis sa- damsaxurebad iTvleba) antioqiis sa-damsaxurebad iTvleba) antioqiis sa- iTvleba) antioqiis sa-iTvleba) antioqiis sa-) antioqiis sa-antioqiis sasa-sa-patriarqosadmi qarTuli eklesiis morCilebis Sesaxeb (ix.episkoposi anania jafariZe `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, Tbilisi 1996, gv. 356-357-361)

imxanad antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im-imxanad antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im- antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im-antioqiis sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im- sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im-sapatriarqo, radgan bizantiis im-, radgan bizantiis im-radgan bizantiis im- bizantiis im-bizantiis im- im-im-periis eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonob- eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonob-eklesias warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonob- warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonob-warmoadgenda, qarTlSi ki irani batonob-, qarTlSi ki irani batonob-qarTlSi ki irani batonob- ki irani batonob-ki irani batonob- irani batonob-irani batonob- batonob-batonob-da, avtori Tvlis, rom iranis xelisufleba ar dauSvebda qarTuli eklesia ierarqiul damokidebulebaSi yofiliyo misi mowinaaRmdege imperiis eklesiisadmi.

vaxtang goilaZe dadebiTad afasebs mitropolit anania jafariZis mier gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss da SeniSnavs, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi am kuTxiT ar dasmula (ix. vaxtang goilaZe, episkopos anania jafariZis saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria Tbilisi 1995, gv.10).mitropolit anania jafariZis TqmiT, marTalia, 381 wels meore msoflio saeklesio krebis Semdeg Zlierma eklesiebma daiwyes susti eklesiebis damorCileba, (kons-tantinopolis eklesiam am dros gaauqma pontos da asiis avtokefaliebi). antioqiis eklesiis mier qarTul eklesia-ze pretenziis gamocxadeba SesaZloa aRniSnuli movlenis gamoxatuleba iyos. magram, vinaidan antioqiis sapatriar-qosadmi qarTuli eklesiis ierarqiuli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb Zveli qarTuli wyaroebic miuTiTeben, unda dasa-buTdes qarTul wyaroTa cnobebis ararealuroba, an maTi ucxoenovani wyaroebidan warmomavloba (jafariZe 1996: 65).

Cven vfiqrobT, rom amgvari daqvemdebareba saerTod saeklesio organizaciisaTvis garkveuli saxis micemis surviliT SeiZleboda yofiliyo nakarnaxevi da ara erTi eklesiis mier meoreze gabatonebis surviliT.

qarTuli da ucxouri wyaroebis mowmobiT Cvens qveya-naSi qristeanoba uqadagiaT wmida mociqulebs: wmida and-rias, wmida svimeon kananels, wmida mataTasa da wmida bar-Tlomes. maT naqadagars ukvalod ar Cauvlia. Cvens qveya-naSi eklesiaTa mSenebloba maTi moRvaweobis periodSi dawyebula. wmida ninos meoxebiT qristianoba oficialur, saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda IV saukuneSi, Tumca, misi aRiarebisTvis niadagi qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi ukve

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Semzadebuli yofila.`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, qarTuli qristeanu-

li eklesiis safuZvelCamyreli wmida andria mociqulia. misi meoxebiT agebula RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia didaWaraSi, rac Tanamedrove arqeologiuri kvlevebiTac dasturdeba. biWvinTis taZris mozaika adasturebs CvenSi saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebis maRali kulturis arsebobas. mcxeTaSi mefe mirianis brZanebiT eklesiis mSeneblobis wamowyeba imas miuTiTebs, rom mSeneblebs eklesiis agebis gamocdileba im droisaTvis ukve unda hqonodaT.

eqvTime mTawmindelis mier Targmnil andria pirvel-wodebulis `mimosvlis~ mixedviT garkveuli warmodgena gveqmneba I-II saukuneTa qristeanuli RvTismsaxurebis wes-gangebis Sesaxeb, romlis damkvidrebis survilic unda yo-filiyo erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom wmida andria samjer Semosula Cvens qveyanaSi.

qarTuli samociqulo eklesiis Tavdapirveli mowyoba wmida mociqulTa damsaxurebaa. maT Rvawls Seswavla da meti dafaseba sWirdeba samomavlodac.

damowmebani:

didi sjulis kanoni 1975: didi sjuliskanoni. gamosacemad moam-zades e. gabiZaSvilma, e.giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, g.ninuam. Tb: 1975.

ebraliZe 2008: ebraliZe t. sofel didaWaris istoriidan. sxalTis eparqia, samecniero konferencia “wmida andria pirvelwodebulis gziT~ (masalebi). Tb.: 2-4 maisi, 2008.

vaCnaZe 1982: Вачнадзе Н. Из историко-христианской символики, Tsu Sromebi,N227, Tb.: 1982.

ingoroyva 1954: ingoroyva p. giorgi merCule. Tb.: 1954.karbelaSvili 1900: ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa kaTalikosni da

mRdelTmTavarni, Sedgenili mR. polievqtos karbelaSvilis mier. Tf.: 1900.

kobiaSvili 2008: mimosvla andria mociqulisa. Zveli qarTuli Targ-manis teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo m. kobiaSvil-ma. Tb.: 2008.

lomTaTiZe 1977: lomTaTiZe g. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kultura da yofa I_XIII s. (arqeologiuri masalebis mixedviT). saqarTvelos mec-nierebaTa akademia, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis, arqeologi-isa da eTnografiis instituti, arqeologiuri komisia. Tb.: 1977.

mgelaZe... 2008: mgelaZe n., qurdiani m. àndria pirvelwodebuli da pirveli samociqulo eklesiis mSeneblobis istoria saqarTveloSi~.

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sxalTis eparqia, samecniero konferencia `wmida andria pirvelwodebu-lis gziT~ (masalebi). Tb.: 2-4 maisi, 2008.

narkvevebi... 1970: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi. t.I, 1970.tipikoni 1910: Тольковый Типиконь. Обьяснительное изложение типикона сь

историческим введениемь, составиль профессорь Киевской Духовной Академии, Михаиль Скабалановичь, Киевь: 1910.

feraZe 2003: feraZe gr. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis problemebi (germanulidan Targmna Tamar WumburiZem). artanuji, saistorio Jur-nali, Tb.: 2003.

firCxaZe 2002: firCxaZe m. qristianobis gavrcelebis istoria dasav-leT saqarTveloSi (I-IXss.). ivane javaxiSvilis Tsu saqarTvelos isto-riis kaTedra, sakandidato disertacia. Tb.: 2002.

qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. tomi I, Tb.: 1955.

yauxCiSvili 1920: yauxCiSvili s. xronoRrafi giorgi monazonisaÁ. tf.: tfilisis universitetis gamocema, 1920.

yauxCiSvili 1926: yauxCiSvili s. gelasi kesarieli qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb, mimomxilveli. saqarTvelos saistorio da saeTnografio sa-zogadoebis organo. tf.: 1926.

javaxiSvili 1900: javaxiSvili i. andria mociqulisa da wminda ninos moRvaweoba saqarTveloSi. `moambe~, N№ 5-6, Tb.: 1900.

jafariZe 1996: mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos samo-ciqulo eklesiis istoria. t.I, Tb.: 1996.

Ia Grigalashvili

From the History of Georgian Apostolic Church Origin

Summary

According to Georgian and foreign historic sources Christianity was preached by Saint Apostles: Andrew, S�imeon, Mathata and Barthlomeos in Georgia. In ”Qartlis Tskhovreba” is told that St. Andrew converted to Christianity the residents of Western Georgia and ordered to build a church in Didachara. �ecent archaeological searches pro�e that the ruins of the church are left on the hill which is known as toponym “Marangeli” (Archangel) in Didachara.

On the mosaic of episcopasy temple of Bich�inta are reflected old Christian motives. Scientists consider that an ancient Georgian architec-tural school existed in Western Georgia.We agree with this opinion. As we know from the “Life of Saint Nino”the king Mirian and Saint Nino pointed to the builders to erect the church.The workers began to build it.

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It means that the workers were the residents and they had already had the experience of church building.

According to “Communications’’of Saint Apostle Andrew which is translated by Eq�time Atoneli Saint Apostle Andrew founded the rules of Public Worship for the people who were converted to Christianity by him.So, Saint Andrew established the first Georgian Apostolic Church and founded the rules of worship.�ecognition of Christianity as a state religion happened in the IV century when at last St Nino con�erted �oyal Family to Christianity.

The origin of Georgian Apostolic Church is the merit of St apostles and we have to learn and respect this fact much more in the future.

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goCa kuWuxiZe

wmida nino da qarTlis moqceva

qarTlis moqcevis istoria uSualod wmida ninos saxels rom ukavSirdeba, amas, ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ redaqciebis, berZnul-romauli da somxuri wyaroebis garda, im wyaroTa monacemebic cxadyofs, romlebSic wmida nino naxsenebi ar aris; es ufro ueWvels xdis, rom wmida ninos cxovrebis istoria IX Tu X s-is moRvaweTa Semoqmedebis nayofi ki ar aris, rogorc es erTxans iyo miCneuli, aramed, realobaa da istoriuli WeSmaritebisagan dacileba moxdeba, Tu qarTlis istoriis Seswavlas romelime mkvlevari, CvenSi Tu sazRvargareT, wmida ninos saxelTan dakavSirebis ga-reSe Seecdeba.

Aamjerad yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT wmida grigor gan-manaTleblis cxovrebis im arabulsa da berZnul versieb-ze, romlebic, garda somxeTisa, _ qarTlis, lazikisa da, erT SemTxvevaSi, alanebisa da durZukebis, meoreSi, _ al-baneTis moqcevasa da am qveynebSi episkoposebis dadgenas Seexeba.

arabuli redaqcia (Sina ar 460) akad. niko marma 1902 wels sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monastris wignTsacavSi aR-moaCina, manve gamoaqveyna teqsti da gamokvleva 1905 wels (mari 1905). marma ivarauda, rom arabuli Txzuleba berZnu-li enidan uTargmniaT VII-VIII ss-Si (mari 1905: 182); SemorCe-nili xelnaweri ki IX saukunisaze adreulad ar miiCnia.

wmida grigoris cxovrebis berZnuli redaqcia prof. JerarG garitma gamoaqveyna (gariti 1946), es teqsti XII s-iT aris daTariRebuli.

n. maris mier moZiebul teqsts aklia dasawyisi. 1972 wels beiruTSi, aseve, sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monast-ris wignTsacavSi, ufro zustad ki, _ xelnawerTa mik-rofilmebSi a. ter-Revondianma miakvlia sxva arabul, _ sruli saxiT SemorCenil teqsts (Sina 455), misi azriT, es teqsti da niko maris mier aRmoCenili Txzuleba erTi da igive redaqciaa. Nn. maris savsebiT marTebuli SeniSvniT, arabuli Zegli berZnuli enidan aris Targmnili, amaze me-

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tyvelebs is faqti, rom arabul teqstSi berZnul saxelTa daboloebani xSirad formaucvlelad aris gadatanili.

akad. niko marma wmida grigoris cxovrebis Targmna VII-VIII ss-iT ivarauda; a. s. atias katalogis mixedviT (atia 1955: 15), SemorCenili xelnaweri X saukunisaa; J. gariti-seuli berZnuli teqsti 1107 wels aris gadawerili; qarT-velTa moqcevis Sesaxeb im ucnobi berZnuli redaqciidan arabul teqsts zogi iseTi cnoba Semounaxavs, garitiseul berZnul xelnawerSi rom ar moipoveba, Tavis mxriv, garitis mier aRmoCenil berZnul redaqcias zogi es cnoba, arabu-li xelnawerisagan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT gansxvavebu-li saxiT Semounaxavs. berZnuli da arabuli xelnawerebi sxva berZnuli xelnaweridan momdinareobis STabeWdile-bas tovebs; miCneulia, rom arabuli teqstis Camoyalibe-baze zegavlena e. w. òqridul cxovrebasac~ mouxdenia (afciauri 1987: 39).

arabul `cxovrebaSi~ Txroba imiT iwyeba, rom somexTa mefe Trdatma Tavis qveyanaSi qristianobis moqadage gri-gors warmarTobaze gadasvla mosTxova; uaris miRebis Sem-deg awama da erT Rrma ormoSi Caagdebina. Semdeg moTxro-bilia, Tu rogor gadawyvita romis imperatorma diok-litianem colis SerTva. Mmas romis erT-erT monasterSi mcxovrebi asuli _ rifsime moswonebia; rifsimes da mis megobrebs qalwulobis Senaxvis aRqma hqondaT dadebuli, _ isini TavianT iRumenia gaianesTan erTad romidan gaq-ceulan... bolos somxeTSi dasaxlebulan.

amjerad somxeTis mefe _ Trdats moswonebia rifsime, qalwuli arc mas danebebia; mefis xelqveiTebs rifsime da misi megobrebi wamebiT dauxocavT. Aarabuli versiis Tanax-mad, mowameoba 28 oqtombers aRsrulebula, berZnuli ver-siiT _ 26 seqtembers.

rifsimes wamebis meore dRes Trdat mefes rifsimes daRupva Seutyvia da dardisagan daavadebula... mefis das xilva hqonia, _ cecxliviT mbrwyinvale kacs misTvis ubr-Zanebia, _ wmida grigori mieyvanaT mefesTan... grigori marTlac cocxali daxvedriaT, _ ormoSi myofs erTi qali awvdida sazrdos... grigors ulocia mefisa da xalxisaT-vis, romelnic codvaTa Sendobas evedrebodnen, moqceula

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da nel-nela gankurnebula mefe...somxeTSi warmarTul salocavTa ngreva da maT adgilas

jvrebis aRmarTva dauwyiaT; Txzulebis am adgilas pirve-lad xdeba qarTvelTa xseneba. Mmogvyavs arabuli teqstis Targmani: `mefe Tirdatma, roca valarsapats miaRwia, br-Zana, rom gamocxadebuliyvnen Tavisi samefos mwerlebi da ubrZana maT, rom mieweraT werilebi Tavisi saxelmwifos mTeli xalxisaTvis, raTa gamocxadebuliyvnen mTavrebi, gamgeblebi, winamZRolebi, meTaurebi, mmarTvelebi mefes-Tan qalaq valarsapatSi; werilebi [afxazebis mefesTan da]* qarTlis mefesTan, werili alanebis mefesTan; auxsna weri-lebSi yovelive, rac Tavs gardaxdaT da uTxra: àmitom saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan~. roca Cavida werile-bi, mivida masTan sami mefe: mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanTa, maTTan erTad jgufi mTavrebisa~.

berZnul teqstSi werilebis gagzavnasTan dakavSirebiT ar aris naxsenebi afxazTa mefe. im adgilas ki, sadac gamo-ZaxebulTa Casvlazea laparaki, es mefe naxsenebia; naxsen-ebia iberTa mefec, xolo, alanebis mefis nacvlad, albanTa mefezea laparaki. sam mefesTan erTad TrdatTan Casula somxeTis Teqvsmeti MmTavari.

Trdatma masTan misulTagan qristes aRiareba moiTxova. Aarabuli Txzulebis Tanaxmad, _ `maSin mTavarni da somex-Ta krebulni [aRivsnen] SiSiT da, amasTan, sixaruliT da maSinve SesZaxes: `Cven WeSmaritad msmenelni varT grigo-riusis, vendobiT mis sarwmunoebas da SeviswavliT sityvas misas, DSevismenT, davmorCildebiT, yovelives viqmT, rasac wmidani gvibrZanebs, ganveSorebiT kerpTa Tayvaniscemisa-gan~, _ da wmida grigori Sesdgomia maT ganswavlas.

daungreviaT kerpis adgil-samyofeli artasatSi, Sem-deg wasulan qalaq k-s-ta Ðn-Si, sadac artemides taZari daungreviaT; TxzulebaSi sxva taZrebis ngrevazec aris laparaki; Semdeg arabul teqstSi naTqvamia: àseve moiqc-nen agreTve lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yoveli mefe erTi azrisa, rom gaxdeboda Tavmdebi Cveni uflis _ qristes sarwmunoebis dacvisa da gandge-boda kerpTa Tayvaniscemisagan~...

* arabul teqstSi sityvebi _ ìla maliqi afxaÐzi va~ (afxazebis mefesTa da) n. maris mier aris aRdgenili.

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berZnul teqstSi kerpTa ngrevasTan dakavSirebiT arc iber-lazebi, arc albanebi da, miT umetes, arc alanebi ar arian naxsenebi.

Semdeg arabul ZeglSi moTxrobilia, rom sxva qalaqeb-Sic angrevdnen sakerpoebs: `wmida grigoriusi ubrZanebda maT, rom aRemarTaT jvrebi da [sakerpo] taZrebis garSemo zRudeebi SemoevloT; ubrZanebda maT, vgulisxmob me-feebsa da yvela mmarTvels, rom eklesiebi eSenebinaT sa-kurTxevlebis gareSe, _ imitom, rom maT jer ar hyavdaT samRvdeloeba. ubrZanebda maT, rom aRemarTaT jvrebi bazrebSi, gzebze, yvela adgilas, raTa gaeyaraT eSmakebi im adgilebidan~... rogorc vxedavT, wmida grigori dan-greuli taZrebis adgilas, samRvdeloebis mosvlamde, am redaqciis mixedviT, jvrebs agebda. mas igive urCevia sami mefisaTvisac. rogorc Cans, es iyo xis da agreTve _ qvis jvrebi, e. w. _ qva-jvrebi, romlebsac qristianobis adreul etapze agebdnen xolme; cxadia, teqstis am adgi-las ̀ usakurTxevlo eklesiebSi~ aseve jvrebi igulisxmeba, oRond _ iseTi jvrebi, romlebic, sxvaTagan gansxvavebiT, SenobebiT iyo dafaruli, kedlebiTa da saxuravebiT iyo daculi. samRvdeloebis mosvlamde xalxs aq SeeZlo loc-va, samRvdeloebis mosvlis Semdeg jvris adgils sakurTx-eveli ikavebda, jvari ki Senobis sxva adgilas gadahqondaT da amgvar Senobas ukve Cveulebrivi sakurTxevliani ekle-sia ewodeboda. rogorc vxedavT, wmida grigori jvrebs somxeTis mraval adgilas agebda da igives gakeTeba qarT-velTaTvisac urCevia. Cans, man qarTvelebs ZiriTadad Se-nobebiT Semofargluli jvrebis aRmarTva mouwoda...

grigori samRvdelo kurTxevisaTvis kesariaSi, _ arqi-episkopos leontisTan gamgzavrebula. sebastiaSi didi sixaruliT umaspinZliaT misTvis. Semdeg naTqvamia: `wmida grigoriusma sebastiidan wamoiyvana mRvdlebi da berebi, _ arcTu cotani, raTa somxeTis eklesiebSi mRvdlebad gaexada. Mmas Tan hqonda patriarq leontiusis werili, gag-zavnili sebastiis episkopos petresTan, raTa igi wahyo-loda [wmida grigoriuss], rom daesva taxtze, rogorc saeklesio kanonebi moiTxovs~.

Semdeg xsenebul ZeglebSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor

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Seegebnen wmida grigoriuss, wmida petresa da maT Tanmx-lebT mefe Trdati da misi ojaxi. berZnuli da arabuli versiebis Tanaxmad, mefe Trdats grigorTan Sesagebeblad sami mefec Tan uaxlia.

grigors didZali xalxi mounaTlavs, _ ̀ maTi ricxvi iyo samassamocdaaTi aTasi, mefe Tirdati, mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, mravali winamZRoli, xalxTa da tomTa mTavrebi, yvela, vinc mis xelTa qveS iyo, mravali msaxuri, kacebi, qalebi, ymawvilebi. Mmdinareze safarebi aR-marTes, raTa mefeTa colebi Casuliyvnen mosanaTlavad. im dros Teqvsmeti arxonti da maTi colebi, vinc naTeliRes wmida grigoriusis xelTagan, Rebulobdnen monaTlulebs naTlobidan, kacebi kacebs emsaxurebodnen da qalebi _ qa-lebs. Dda idga wmida grigoriusi mdinaris piras da sami mefe masTan erTad da winamZRolebi. Dda aRbeWda isini mironiTa da jvriT. aiRo mironi da zeTi da Caasxa isini mdinareSi da [yovelive] aRsrulda jvris [gamosaxviT]~.

Semdeg sxvadasxva qveyanaSi sasuliero pirTa gagzav-nazea laparaki; arabuli Zeglis Tanaxmad, _ `wmida gri-goriusma, romelic mTeli somxeTis kaTolikosi gaxda, moamzada episkoposebi da agzavnida maT somxeTis mraval miwaze, da qarTlSi, durZukeTis* qveyanaSi, alanebTan~, _ Semdeg ki gagzavnil episkoposTa vinaobaze aris lapa-raki, _ `moiyvana erTi qarTveli kaci, vinc masTan erTad sebastiidan Camovida, saxelad ibirbzxua**, gaxada mit-ropolitad da gagzavna, raTa mas mTel qarTlSi daedgi-na episkoposebi. igi iyo kargi qcevis, keTili, saeklesio wignTa mcodne, iyo diakoni, momswre imdrois, roca or-moci mowamis nawilebi moipoves, iyo Semkobili WaRariT, amitomac moaqcia am xarisxze; da afxazTa qveyanaSi gagzavna sofroni, is iyo mRvdeli kapadokiidan. igi iyo mxlebeli wmida grigoriusisa; gaxada episkoposad da gagzavna. al-anTa qveyanaSi gagzavna Toma, _ kaci rCeuli; igi patara qalaq satalidan iyo. Eeseni iyvnen, vinc masTan erTad Cam-ovidnen. iyvnen wmida wignTa mcodneni~.

* arab. teqstSi _ `d-r-z-k-ÁaÐT~;** teqstSi _ ̀ ‘bÁrbzxv~; _ es saxeli sxvadasxvagvari gaxmovanebiT SeiZleba

iqnas wakiTxuli (abirbazxua, ibirbazaxua da sxva... n. mari am saxelSi megrul sityvebs xedavda, _ ibereb skua _ iberTa Svili);

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berZnul versiaSi am ambis Sesaxeb asea moTxrobili: `wminda grigolma akurTxa episkoposebi da daagzavna didi armeniis mTel miwa-wyalze da mTel qveyanaze, agreTve moZRvrebic, da sebastielTa qveynidan irenarxe saxeliT, mRvdeli da winamZRvari; es irenarxe iyo kaci metad saTno sqemiTa da moqalaqeobiT, hqonda didi gamocdileba saRv-To werilSi, is ormoc mowameTa wminda neStTa mopovebis dros diakvnad iyo sebastiis maSindeli episkoposisa. iyo kaci Semkuli WaRariT... xolo lazTa qveyanaSi gagzavna sofroni, romelic mRvdlad iyo kapadokiaSi, xolo alba-niaSi gagzavna Toma~ (georgika 1961: 73).

Semdeg naxsenebia Zalian bevri mxare, sadac grigori episkoposebs agzavnida. Aarabuli xelnaweris avtori gan-meorebiT axsenebs afxazTa qveyanas, sadac grigors episko-posi gaugzavnia, Semdeg wers: àseve mravali episkoposi gagzavna sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da xalxebTan, agreTve gagza-vna moZRvrebi, _ WeSmariti sityvis swavlebis SemZlebel-ni. da rac [Tavad] wmida grigoriuss Seexeba, man aaSena oTxi saepiskoposo araratSi, valarsapatSi, artasatsa da dvi-nusSi da isini Tavisi taxtis qveS moaqcia. da im qveynebs, romlebic movixsenieT igi mzrunvelobda*, [igi] erTi xano-ba mzrunvelobda** maT da didi somxeTis mefe Tirdats~.

Semdeg moTxrobilia, Tu rogor eaxlnen wmida grigori da Trdati konstantine keisars, rogor xarobdnen bizan-tiaSi somexTa moqceviT, rogor gaimarTa nikeis msoflio saeklesio kreba (325 w), rogor ganmartovda grigori manis qvabebSi...

Bbolos arabuli da berZnuli versiebis avtorebs, _ orives erTnairad gadaaqvs Tavis teqstebSi winare redaq-ciebiseuli sityvebi, romlebic pirvel pirSia dawerili da romlebiTac, Tu somxuri saistorio tradiciiT vims-jelebT, grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis pirvelaRm-weri _ agaTangelosi mkiTxvels amcnobs, rom yovelive, rac maT auwya, Tavisi TvaliT aqvs nanaxi, zogi ram ki sarw-muno xalxisagan gaugonia, bolos ki locavs maT da adidebs

* arab. teqstSi _ `ÁaTa‘aÐhada~, _ es aris vulgaruli forma `‘hada~ zmnisa; sityva SeiZleboda gveTargmna agreTve rogorc _ `moinaxulebda xolme~.

** teqstSi naxmaria igive sityva _ `ÁaTa‘aÐhada~.

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ufals. aseTia mokled wmida grigoris cxovrebis arabul-berZ-

nuli teqstebis Sinaarsi. yuraRdebas iqcevs is faqti, rom xsenebul wyaroTa Ta-

naxmad, roca somxeTSi wmida grigori moRvaweobs, imav-droulad qarTlsa da lazikaSic mimdinareobs qristianul saxelmwifoTa Seqmnis procesi (teqstebSi naxsenebi al-banebisa da alanebis Sesaxeb qvemoT gveqneba saubari).

Qqristianuli eklesiis dafuZnebas, ama Tu im saxelm-wifos mefis mier qristianobis oficialur religiad gamocxadebas win, cxadia, yovelTvis uZRvis mqadageblis moRvaweoba; igi fizikurad cxovrobs, fizikurad moR-vaweobs qveyanaSi, qadagebs axal religias, rasac mefis mier am religiis WeSmarit sarwmunoebad aRiareba moyveba xolme.

vin aris is piri, vinc qarTlSi an lazikaSi qristianoba iqadaga, aris Tu ara es piri wmida grigor ganmanaTlebeli? mkvlevari marina CxartiSvili savsebiT sworad amaxvilebs yuradRebas im faqtze, rom arabul ZeglSi wmida grigori ar aris warmodgenili qarTlSi moRvawe misionerad (Cxar-tiSvili 1987: 50-53); marTlac arc arabul da arc berZnul teqstSi arsad ar aris naTqvami, rom grigori qarTlSi an, miT umetes, lazikaSi Casuliyos da iq eqadagos qris-tianoba, ekurTxebinos eklesiebi. es wyaroebi wmida grig-ors qarTvelTa an albanTa Tu alanTa mqadageblad ar war-mogvidgens.

xsenebul ZeglebSi qarTvelTa da kavkasiis sxva qveyana-Ta mqadagebeli ar Cans; ara da teqstebis avtorebi Tavis-dauneburad, faqtobrivad, warmogviCenen, rom am qveynebSi ukve naqadagebia qristianoba. Aaqedan gamomdinare, sarwmu-no xdeba mosazreba, rom arsebobda arabul-berZnuli ver-siebis winare Soreuli nusxebi, romlebSic naxsenebi iyo qarTlisa, da, SesaZloa, aseve, _ lazikis mqadagebelTa saxelebi, rom adreul periodSi arsebobda agaTangelosis dawerilad miCneuli iseTi istoria wmida grigoris cxov-rebisa, romelic qarTlis mqadageblis saxels ixseniebda. somxuri saistorio tradiciiT, rogorc arabul-berZnu-li, ise sxva wyaroebis Tanaxmad, agaTangelosia somexTa moqcevis istoriis pirvelaRmweri.

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agaTangelosisad cnobili amgvari redaqcia rom marTlac arsebobda, faqtobrivi monacemebiT das-turdeba somexi JamTaaRmwerlis _ movses xorenacis nawarmoebiT, romelsac `somxeTis istoria~ ewodeba. xorenacisMìstoriidan~ vxedavT, rom im dros, roca som-xeTSi wmida grigor parTeli moRvaweobda, qarTls Tavisi ganmanaTlebeli hyolia, es iyo qali, saxelad ̀ nune~. Turme `nunem~ da am qveynis mefe mirianma didad iRvawes qarTlis mosaqcevad. am istoriis gadmocemisas CvenTvis erT-erTi umTavresi mniSvneloba im faqts aqvs, rom movses xorenaci Tavis wyarod agaTangeloss asaxelebs: `gavbedav da vi-tyvi, rom mociquli qali gaxda, man iqadaga klarjeTidan dawyebuli vidre alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc amas agaTangelosi gauwyebs Sen~ (xorenaci 1984: 172). Aam sityvebSi igrZnoba teqstis siZvele. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom misi damweri qarTlis gaqris-tianebis axlo periodSi cxovrobs. es is periodia, roca somxeTSi jer kargad ver gaucnobierebiaT, ver daujere-biaT, rom qarTlSi uCveulo ram moxda, _ aq momaqcevlad, sxva qveynebisagan gansxvavebiT, qali moavlina RmerTma, _ swored amitom wmida `nunes~ mociqulad aRiareba xorena-cisagan gansakuTrebul gambedaobas moiTxovs, amitom am-bobs: `gavbedav da vityvi~...

xorenacis mier Tavis wyarod agaTangelosis dasaxele-ba, vfiqrobT, adasturebs, rom odesRac marTlac arse-bobda agaTangelosis mier Seqmnilad cnobili istoria, romelSic grigor ganmanaTlebelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb iyo moTxrobili da romelSic moxseniebuli yofila agreTve qarTvelTa mqadagebeli `nune~, moniSnuli iyo is geografiuli areali, sadac iqadaga `nunem~; Cans, im uZve-les redaqciaSi `nune~, anu, cxadia, wmida nino, jer ar iyo saxeldebuli qarTvelTa mTavarmociqulad, laparaki iyo misi qadagebebis Sesaxeb, magram ar iyo dazustebuli, rom igi qarTvelTa momaqceveli, maTi mociqulia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi xorenacis ar dasWirdeboda gansakuTrebu-li gambedaoba misi mociqulobis gacnobierebaSi; iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom agaTangelosi marTlac Trdatis Tana-mdrove iyo da IV s-is dasawyisSi werda Tavis istorias, rom

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qarTvelTa mqadageblis Sesaxeb Zalze mokled, dazuste-bebisa da ganzogadebebis gareSe awvdida cnobebs mkiTx-velT; am cnobebis wakiTxvam da, rac mTavaria, qarTlis axladdafuZnebuli eklesiis am sakiTxTan damokidebule-bam, agreTve, qarTulma werilobiTma Zeglma `wmida ninos cxovrebam~ movses xorenacis gaabedvina da gamoacxadebina, rom qarTlSi uCveulo ram moxda, _ aq mTavarmociqulad qali moevlina xalxs*.

rogorc viciT, xorenaci gvauwyebs, Tu rogor gagzav-nes wmida `nunem~ da mefe mirianma TavianTi delegacia somxeTSi wmida grigorTan Sesaxvedrad. `nunesa~ da mefis delegacia somxeTSi Sexvedria wmida grigors da am uka-nasknels xsenebuli delegaciis, anu, xorenacis TqmiT, _ `sando kacebis~ saSualebiT `nunesaTvis~ SemouTvlia, rom mas daengria kerpebi: `[nunem] miiRo brZaneba, rom moespo kerpebi, rogorc es Tavad grigolma qna~ (xorenaci 1984: 172).

cxadia, aq sityva `brZaneba~ grigorisadmi pativiscemis gamoxatvisa da misi gandidebis mizniT aris naxmari, mag-ram amjerad Cven umTavres yuradRebas vamaxvilebT aga-Tangelosis Cvenamde mouRweveli naSromis im Sinaarsze, romelic xorenacis Semounaxavs; Cans, im naSromSi naCvene-bi yofila, TuU rogor Sexvda qarTlis samefo delegacia grigors, rogor SemouTvala grigorma qarTvelT kerpe-bis dangreva, xorenacisTan SemorCenili cnobis mixedviT, grigors qarTvelTaTvis kerpebis adgilas jvris aRmarT-va urCevia.

davubrundeT grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis ara-bulsa da berZnul `cxovrebebs~. rogorc vnaxeT, aqac, _ kerZod, _ arabul `cxovrebaSi~ naCvenebia, rom qarTlis miwaze grigorTan SeTanxmebiT daangries warmarTuli sa-locavebi, rom qarTlis mefem grigorisagan miiRo brZa-neba, Tavis qveyanaSi dangreuli kerpebis sanacvlod sam-Rvdeloebis mosvlamde salocavad xalxisTvis jvrebi aRemarTaT. xorenacisTan da arabul-berZnul ZeglebSi kargad aris warmoCenili, rom qarTlisa da somxeTis sa-

* `wmida ninos cxovrebas~ rom utyuari gavlena aqvs moxdenili xorenaciis ìstoriis~ 71-e Tavze, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. CxartiSvili 1987: 30.

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mefo wreebi religiur sakiTxebSi SeTanxmebulni yofilan. cnobaTa es msgavseba kidev ufro ganamtkicebs azrs, rom marTlac arsebobda agaTangelosis uZvelesi nawarmoebi, romelSic qarTlis samefo karisa da wmida grigoris urT-ierTSeTanxmebis, warmarTul taZarTa ngrevisa da qris-tianuli jvrebis aRmarTvis Sesaxeb iyo laparaki da rom-lis kvali, erTi mxriv, xorenacis ìstoriam~, meore mxriv, arabul-barZnulma teqstebma, gansakuTrebiT, _ arabulma Zeglma Semogvinaxa.

yuradReba mivaqcioT im gansxvavebebs, romlebic aga-Tangelosis uZvelesi qronikisa da dRes EDSemorCenili ara-bul-berZnuli redaqciebis cnobebs Soris SeiniSneba.

xorenacisTan SemorCenili agaTangelosiseuli cnobeb-is mixedviT, somxeTSi wmida grigorTan mosalaparakeblad Casulan wmida `nunesa~ da mefe mirianis `sando kacebi~, anu Casula qarTlis samefo delegacia da, erTi mxriv, wmida grigor-Trdatsa da, meore mxriv, wmida nino-mirians So-ris swored maTi SuamavlobiT momxdara molaparakeba; dReisaTvis SemorCenili arabul-berZnuli versiebis mixedviT ki somxeTSi Casula ara samefo delegacia, aramed, _ Tavad mefe qarTlisa, Tanac es mefe or sxva mefesTan er-Tad Zalian adre xlebia Trdats, _ jer kidev manam, sanam somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevas daiwyebdnen.

rogorc vxedavT, agaTangelosis uZvelesi qronikis Si-naarsi, romelic, Cans, qarTlis moqcevas, wmida ninosac exeboda da rac xorenacis ìstorias~ Semounaxavs, dRes Cvens xelT arsebul arabul da berZnul teqstebs Zalian Seucvlia; am versiebSi viTareba ise aris warmodgenili, TiTqos somxeTSi wmida ninosa da qarTlis mefis delega-cia ki ara, aramed, TviT qarTlis mefe Casula; agaTangelo-sis uZvelesi redaqciebisuli Sinaarsis aRdgenis Semdeg wmida ninosTan dakavSirebuli istoriac iwyebs aRdgenas da sruliad cxadi xdeba, rom cnobebi qarTlis mefis som-xeTSi Trdatis brZanebiT Casvlis Sesaxeb agaTangelosis uZvelesi istoriis damaxinjebis Sedegia.

Aar aris Zneli dasadgeni, Tu rogor moxda es damaxinjeba.rogorc Cans, agaTangelosis uZvelesi redaqciis Semd-

gomma xelnawerebma ukve aRar Semoinaxa wmida `nunesa~ da

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mirianis saxelebi, aRar SemorCa cnoba maT mier somxeT-Si gagzavnili `sando kacebis~ Sesaxeb; magram, rogorc safiq-rebelia, mogviano drois xelnawerebma Semoinaxa cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom somxeTisa da qarTlis samefo karTa Soris SeTanxmeba moxda am qveynebSi samRvdeloebis mos-vlamde warmarTuli taZrebis dangrevisa da maT adgilas jvrebis aRmarTvis Taobaze, Semoinaxa is istoria, romlis mixedviTac, wmida grigorma, mas Semdeg, rac igi somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis ngrevas Seudga, qarTvelT mouwo-da, rom TavianT qveyanaSi maTac daengriaT warmarTuli salocavebi da samRvdeloebis mosvlamde, somexTa darad, maTac jvrebi aRemarTaT, rom qarTlis miwaze marTlac moxda amgvari movlena... berZnul-arabulis winare rome-liRac redaqciis avtorma, romelmac gaicno es cnobebi, romelmac Seityo, rom qarTlisa da somxeTis mefeTa So-ris warmarTuli taZrebis dangrevisa da qristianuli sa-locavebis agebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moxda, gadawerisas teqstSi, rogorc Cans, `mcire Sesworebebi~ da `dazuste-bani~ Seitana, _ viTareba ise warmoadgina, TiTqos es SeT-anxmeba somxeTSi qarTlis mefis uSualo, piradi Casvlis Sedegad moxda; amgvarad Seiqmna gayalbebuli istoria, TiTqos qarTlis mefes gaqristianebis gadawyvetileba ara wmida ninos, aramed, mefe Trdatisa da grigor gamnanaT-leblis uSualo zemoqmedebis Sedegad miuRia.

`wmida grigoris cxovrebaSi~ CanarTis gakeTebam agaTan-gelosis nawarmoebis is adgili, romelSic Trdatis mier Tavisi naxararebis gamoZaxebis Sesaxeb aris laparaki, Si-naarsobrivad gaumarTavi gaxada, _ gaugebaria, ratom an rogor mimarTavda Trdati ase, _ mefuri brZanebis kilo-Ti mezobeli saxelmwifoebis mefeebs: _ `saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan.~

sanam lazTa da, erTi mxriv, albanTa, meore mxriv, al-anTa Sesaxeb visaubrebdeT, oriode sityviT SevexoT im calkeul cvlilebebs, romlebic agaTangelosis uZveles-ma cnobebma movses xorenacis ìstoriaSi~ ganicada.

xorenaci, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cveni azriT, eyrdnoba ara mxolod ̀ wmida ninos cxovrebas~, aramed, _ agaTangelosis uZveles, Cvenamde mouRwevel teqstsac. wmida ninosTan da

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mirian mefesTan dakavSirebuli istoria movses xorenacis ìstoriaSic~ damaxinjebulia da es aris Sedegi am ori wya-ros cnobaTa erTmaneTSi aRrevisa... vityviT konkretu-lad, _ agaTangelosTan, rogorc aRvniSneT, Cans, laparaki iyo imis Sesaxeb, rom wmida grigorma qarTvelebs kerpebis dangreva da jvrebis aRmarTva SemouTvala; amaze mianiS-nebs is faqti, rom msgavsi cnobebi Semonaxulia rogorc arabul-berZnul wyaroebSi, ise _ xorenacisTan... magram, Tu naTqvams ufro davazustebT, maSin unda aRvniSnoT, rom xorenaci laparakobs ara saerTod kerpebis, aramed, konkretuli sami kerpis _ armazis, gacisa da gas ngrevaze; Cans, xorenacim agaTangelosisagan amoikiTxa, rom wmida grigorma qarTvelebs kerpebis ngreva da jvrebis aR-marTva SemouTvala da, radgan wakiTxuli hqonda `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ is adgili, sadac konkretuli sami ker-pis dangrevisa da, aseve, konkretuli salocavis, _ jvari patiosanis aRmarTvis Sesaxeb iyo laparaki, ifiqra, rom wmida grigoris `brZaneba~ swored am konkretul kerpebsa da jvars Seexeboda. sinamdvileSi, rogorc Cans, grigoris `brZaneba~ sul sxva kerpebsa da jvrebs Seexeboda. Aarabul-berZnuli teqstebidan viciT, rom grigori mTeli somxe-Tis teritoriaze angrevda kerpebs da agebda jvrebs, rom igives gakeTeba urCevia qarTvelTaTvis, e.i. `brZaneba~ mTeli qarTlis masStabiT gasakeTebel samuSaos Seexeboda da ara _ mcxeTis konkretul sam kerpsa da jvars; xorena-ci agaTangelosisa da `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ cnobebs maTi urTierTmsgavsebis gamo erTmaneTSi urevs, es ki mis ìstoriaSi~ araerTi faqtis damaxinjebas iwvevs; aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom xorenacisTan erTmaneTSia aRreuli sveti-cxovelisa da jvari patiosanis aRmarTvis istoriebi. igi gviambobs qarTlis pirveli qristianuli salocavis agebis Sesaxeb, magram aRwers ara sveticxovels, aramed, _ jvari patiosans, rac, rogorc am ambebis uSualo momTxrobel, _ `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ avtorTagan viciT, pirveli salocavi ar yofila, igi samRvdeloebis mosvlis Semdeg aRumarTavT.

Aamrigad, xorenacisTan bevri cnoba saxeSecvlilia, amas-Tan, igi wmida grigors, wmida ninosTan SedarebiT, gandi-

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debulad warmosaxavs, _ viTareba isea warmodgenili, TiTqos wmida ninom Tavis umTavres moZRvarTan gagzavna delegacia darigebis misaRebad, maSin, roca, Cans, sruli-ad Cveulebrivi ram momxdara da araferi gansakuTreb-uli, _ erTi qveynis samefo delegacia meoreSi wasula, rogorc amas qvemoT vnaxavT, _ konkretuli sakiTxis ga-dasawyvetad; xorenacisTan wmida grigor ganmanaTlebeli gandidebulia (Cans, gandidebulad iqneboda igi warmodge-nili agaTangelosTanac), magram, miuxedavad amisa, movses xorenacis cnobebi, Tu ki maT kritikulad SeviswavliT, bevris momcemia.

rac Seexeba lazTa da albanTa Tu alanTa mefeebs.adreul teqstebSi albanebze iqneboda laparaki da ara

_ alanebze; Tund, Tavi davaneboT im faqts, rom i. kula-kovskis mixedviT, alanebi 912 w-s gaqristiandnen, am az-ris gasamarTleblad erTi garemoebis gaTvaliswinebac sakmarisia, _ Zneli dasajerebelia, rom agaTangeloss ise moeTxro wmida grigor ganmanaTleblis istoria, rom erTxelac ar exsenebina somxeTis uSualo mezobeli _ al-baneTi; xolo is faqti, rom arabul versiaSi alanebsa da durZukebze aris laparaki, xolo saerTod ar aris naxsen-ebi àlbania~, imaze metyvelebs, rom àlbanTa mefe~ àl-anTa mefiTaa~ Secvlili. Cven ver vifiqrebT, rom Secv-lili saxiT SemorCenil arabul xelnawerSi àlanebi~ àlbanebis~ sinonimad ar ixmareba, _ imitom, rom am xelna-werSi durZukeTia* naxsenebi; `durzukÁaÐT~, rogorc Cans, `lazikÁaÐT~-is damaxinjebuli formaa, es Cveni ara, _ J. garitis dakvirvebaa (gariti 1946: 222); arabul-berZnul ZeglebSi yovelTvis calke aris gamoyofili sami mefe an sami qveyana, maT Soris erT-erTi yovelTvis lazTa mefe, an lazTa qveyanaa; mxolod erT adgilas lazTa qveynis nacv-lad durZukeTia naxsenebi; ueWvelia, rom arabuli xel-naweris winare teqstis xsenebul adgilas aseve lazikeTi iyo naxsenebi da ara _ durZukeTi, winare arabulenovan teqstSi ewera `l-z-kÁaÐT~; arabuli teqstis erT-erTma ga-

* sityva `d-r-z-kÁaÐT~ SeiZleba vTargmnoT, agreTve, rogorc _ `durZuke-bi~, Tu am sityvaSi sufiqsi ̀ a ÐT~ mravlobiTi ricxvis niSania, magram Cven mxars vuWerT aq qarTuli èT~ sufiqsis wakiTxvas, imitom, rom mr. ricxvis niSnad teqstSi yovelTvis ufro gavrecelebuli ùÐna~ sufiqsia gamoyenebuli.

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damwerma, Cans, gadawerisas Secdoma dauSva, _ sity-vis da-sawyisSi `laÐm~ _ `daÐl~-ad amoikiTxa, ifiqra, rom teqst-Si ewera gaugebari sityva _ ̀ d-z-kÁaÐT~ da igi ̀ d-r-z-kÁaÐT~-iT Secvala; ueWvelia, rom SemorCenili teqstis winare rome-lime, aseve, arabul teqstSi durZukeTis nacvlad lazike-Ti yofila naxsenebi.

ramdenad marTalia cnoba, TiTqos qarTlis mefesTan er-Tad somxeTSi albaneTisa da lazikis mefeebic Cavidnen?

somxeTis mefe, rogorc qarTlis mefes, ise arc alba-neTisa da lazikis xelisufalT ar mimarTavda aseTi mbrZa-nebluri kiloTi: `saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan~... teqstis am adgilas stilze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom teqstSi ara mxolod qarTlis mefis Sesaxeb aris CarTuli cnoba, aramed, mTeli is winadadebaa Camatebuli, romel-Sic sami mefis gamoZaxebazea laparaki. davukvirdeT ara-buli teqstis qarTul, _ am SemTxvevaSi sityva-sityviT Sesrulebul qarTul Targmans: `brZana, rom gamocxadebu-liyvnen Tavisi samefos mwerlebi da ubrZana maT, rom mie-weraT werilebi Tavisi saxelmwifos mTeli xalxisaTvis, raTa gamocxadebuliyvnen mTavrebi, gamgeblebi, winamZ-Rolebi, meTaurebi, mmarTvelebi mefesTan qalaq valar-sapatSi. werilebi [afxazebis mefesTan da] qarTlis mefes-Tan, werili alanebis mefesTan, auxsna werilSi yovelive, rac Tavs gardaxdaT da uTxra: amitom saswrafod unda CamoxvideT CemTan.~ aq stilze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom aSkarad gamoirCeva sxva winadadebebTan TiTqos erTgva-rad daukavSirebeli winadadeba: `werilebi [afxazebis me-fesTan da] qarTlis mefesTan, werili alanebis mefesTan~; es winadadeba amovardnilia saerTo wyobidan, Tavis mxriv erTiania, mTliania, Sekrulia, magram sxva winadadebeb-Tan mimarTebaSi arabunebrivad zis; rom amoviRoT es wina-dadeba teqstidan, maSin yovelive bunebriv saxes miiRebs, _ Trdatma gadawyvita gaqristianeba da werilebi miswera Tavis naxararebs, UubrZana, _ saswrafod CamodiTo; arabul teqstSi kargad moCans CanarTi winadadeba, berZnuli teqs-ti am SemTxvevaSi Zalian axloa arabulenovan teqstTan da stilze dakvirveba igive daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas mogvcems.

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Aarabul Zeglze dakvirveba saSualebas gvaZlevs, dava-zustoT, Tu rogori iyo agaTangelosis uZvelesi qronika. Aarabul teqstSi, mas Semdeg, rac naxararebTan Trdat me-fis saubris, xolo Semdeg somxeTSi warmarTul taZarTa ngrevis dawyebis Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili, mas Semdeg, rac naTqvamia, rom somxeTis qalaq valarsapatSi da mere qalaq k-s-taÐnSi warmarTuli taZrebi daangries, rogorc vnaxeT, naTqvamia, rom àseve moiqcnen agreTve lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yvela mefe erTi azrisa~... Sem-deg naCvenebia, rom grigori brZanebda jvrebis agebas, rom mefeebs ubrZanebda, _ maTac, sanam samRvdeloebas miiRebd-nen, TavianT qveynebSi jer jvrebi aegoT... Tu ki agaTan-gelosis uZveles nawarmoebSi raime ewera somex-qarTvelTa Sexvedris Sesaxeb, maSin unda miviCnioT, rom masSi cnoba am Sexvedris Sesaxeb somxeTSi warmarTuli taZrebis dangre-vis cnobis Semdeg iyo motanili; jer ewera, rom somxeTSi wmida grigorma warmarTuli taZrebi daangria da maT adgi-las jvrebi aago, Semdeg ki naTqvami iyo, rom wmida grigor-ma wmida `nunesa~ da mirian mefis mier somxeTSi gagzavnil `sando kacebs~ igives gakeTeba urCia... roca SemorCenil arabul xelnawers vukvirdebiT, gveqmneba STabeWdileba, rom agaTangelosis uZveles nawarmoebSi swored qalaq valarsapatsa da Semdeg ki k-s-taÐnSi sakerpoebis dangre-vis cnobis Semdeg ewera imis Sesaxeb, rom somxeTSi wmida `nunesa~ da mirian mefis `sando kacebi~ Cavidnen, rom maTi saSualebiT wmida grigorma wmida ̀ nunes~ SemouTvala, rom qarTlSic daengriaT warmarTuli taZrebi da samRvdeloe-bis mosvlamde jvrebi aegoT. amis Semdeg ki, rogorc Cans, NnaCvenebi iyo, rom qarTvelebma TavianT qveyanaSi marTlac daiwyes warmarTul taZarTa ngreva... vfiqrobT, sityvebi: àseve moiqcnen agreTve lazebis, qarTlisa da alanebis miwaze da Seiqmna yvela mefe erTi azrisa~, _ mcireodeni cvlilebiT swored uZvelesi redaqciidan momdinareobs, amaze metyvelebs Tundac dasavleT saqarTvelos Zveli, _ me-4 s-is droindeli saxelwodeba. safiqrebelia, rom aga-Tangelosis uZveles redaqciaSi swored somxeTis qalaq k-s-taÐnSi artemides taZris dangrevis cnobas mohyveboda ambavi wmida ninosa da mirianis delegaciis wmida grigor-

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Tan da TrdatTan Sexvedris, qarTvelTaTvis warmarTul taZarTa ngrevisa da maT adgilas jvarTa aRmarTvis rCevis Sesaxeb da, rogorc arabuli teqsti migvaniSnebs, aq naTq-vami iyo, rom oTxi qveynis mefe Seiqmna erTi azrisa, rom iqnebodnen qristianeni, daangrevdnen warmarTul taZ-rebs da samRvdeloebis mosvlamde, jrebs aRmarTavdnen. uZvelesi teqstis Semdgomi drois gadamwerebma, rogorc iTqva, Cans, cnobebi nel-nela Secvales, rogorc Cans, dai-karga zusti cnobebi ara mxolod qarTlis mqadageblisa da maTi mefis, aramed, albaneTisa da lazikis mqadagebelTa Tu mefeTa Sesaxebac; SemorCa cnoba mxolod imis Taobaze, rom am qveyanaTa xelisufalni Seikribnen da SeTanxmdnen sakerpoebis ngrevisa da jvrebis aRmarTvis Taobaze; Sem-dgomSi, Cans, erT-erTma gadamwerma, _ iman, vinc qarT-lis mefe somxeTSi Trdatis naxararebTan erTad gamoZax-ebiT gamocxadebulad warmogvidgina, somxeTSi Casulebad warmogvisaxa albaneTisa da lazikis mefeebic, amisaTvis sakmarisi iqneboda raime cnoba imis Taobaze, rom SeTanx-mebaSi monawileoba qarTlisa da albaneTis xelisufle-bamac miiRo, umciresi niuansic ki miscemda imis sababs, rom somxeTSi Casulebad warmoesaxa ara mxolod qarTlis, aramed, lazikisa da albaneTis mefeebic; yovelive aman ki gazRaprebuli istoria mogvca, _ viTareba ise warmoCnda, rom Trdatis daZaxilze, rogorc misi qveSevrdomebi, al-baneTisa da TviT lazikis mefeebic ki cxaddebodnen xol-me, risi dajerebac sruliad SeuZlebelia misTvis, vinc IV s-is kavkasis istorias odnav mainc icnobs. SemdgomSi erT-erT gadamwers wmida grigori Crdilo kavkasiis moqcevas-Tanac ki daukavSirebia.

rac Seexeba sameulis Sesaxeb momdevno CanarTebis ga-keTebas, es istoriis gamyalbeblisaTvis erTi CanarTis gakeTebis Semdeg ukve advili saqme iyo; man Tu erTxel Se-Zlo mkiTxvelis imaSi darwmuneba, rom samma mefem Tavis mociqulad wmida grigori aRiara da aRTqma dado, _ es-mina misi qadagebebi, Semdeg ukve advilad SeZlebda imis mtkicebasac, rom albaneTis, qarTlisa da lazikis mefeebi SemdgomSi marTlac Sexvdnen wmida grigors da naTelic misgan iRes. Yyalbi istoriis Semqmnelma mefeTa sameuli

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moixsenia jer im adgilas, sadac wmida grigoris dabrune-bazea laparaki, viTareba ise daxata, rom Trdat mefes wmi-da grigorTan Sesagebeblad Tavis xelqveiTebTan erTad Tan wauyvania sami mefe (arabul teqstSi erT-erT mefed dasaxelebulia `maliq al-r-v-s~; `r-v-s~ Cven gavaxmovaneT rogorc `ru’uÐs~ da sityvebi vTargmneT rogorc èrisTav-Ta mTavari~,* es aris oficialuri tituli, romelic lazi-kis patrikioss me-7 saukunidan mieca (narkvevebi 1973: 18); Jerar garitis marTebuli SeniSvniT, arabuli xelnaweris `maliq al-r-v-s~ `maliq al-l-z-v-n~-s (lazTa mefe) dama-xinjebul formaa (gariti 1946: 222); rogorc Cans, SemorCe-nili arabuli teqstis avtorma Tavis winare teqstSi, imis gamo, rom arabuli SriftiT dawerili es sityvebi sakmaod hgavs erTmaneTs, `maliq al-l-z-v-n~-s nacvlad SecdomiT amoikiTxa `maliq al-r-v-s~, ifiqra, rom aq lazTa mefe Tavisi oficialuri tituliT aris moxseniebuli da ami-tom teqstSi daamkvidra sityvebi _ èrisTavTa mTavari~); Semdeg, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, sami mefe naTlobis epizodSia moxseniebuli: `wmida grigoriusma wamoiyvana xalxi da gaemarTnen mdinare evfratze, maTi ricxvi iyo samassamocdaaTi aTasi: mefe Tirdati, mefe afxazTa, mefe qarTlisa, mefe alanebisa, krebuli darbaislebisa. wmida grigoriusi idga mdinaris piras da sami mefe masTan er-Tad~... arabuli redaqciidan moxmobil am epizodebSi sami mefis Semoyvana Zalze sqematur da ararealur STabeWdli-lebas tovebs. berZnul-arabuli redaqciebis garda, mefe-Ta es ganuyreli sameuli naTlobis epizodTan dakavSire-biT arcerT versiaSi ar aris moxseniebuli, aq ki Semoy-vanilia sameuli da Zalze ararealurad; _ Zalze Zneli warmosadgenia, rogor axerxebda es sameuli sul ase er-Tad yofiliyo da Trdatis mier gamoZaxebisTanave masTan

* n. mars es sityvebi esmoda rogorc `rusTa mefe~, rac mraval gaugebrobas badebda. iv. javaxiSvils am sakiTxze msjelobisas `rusTa mefis~ xsenebis Semdeg kiTxviTi niSani aqvs dasmuli (javaxiSvili 1979: 229); aq rusebze ar aris laparaki. sityva `r-v-s~-Si `vaÐv~_is Tavze igulisxmeba niSani `hamza~ da amitom gauxmovanebel teqstSi `r-v-s~ unda wavikiTxoT rogorc `ru‘uÐs~ da ara _ `ruÐs~, rac niSnavs `mTavrebs~ an èrisTavebs~ da ara _ rusebs. Ggauge-broba, Cans, gamoiwvia iman, rom klasikur arabul teqstSi sityva `ra‘s~ (mTa-vari) mravlobiT ricxvSi umetesad ori `vaÐv~-iT gvxvdeba xolme, magram aris SemTxveva, roca es sityva erTi `vaÐv~-iT aris warmodgenili (margvelaSvili 1981: 13).

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gaCeniliyo. Aarabul da berZnul redaqciebSi sxva pirebi sakmaod damajereblad arian daxatulni, naCvenebia maTi xasiaTis sxvadasxva mxare, sameuli ki realurobis aravi-Tar niSans ar amJRavnebs. aSkaraa, rom sameulis Sesaxeb is-toriis SemTxzvels Tavis winare redaqciebSi araferi aqvs wakiTxuli maTze, ar icnobs maT pirovnebebs, amitom wers mxolod sqematuri, ararealuri sameulis Sesaxeb.

rac Seexeba wmida grigoris mier qarTlSi, lazikasa da albaneTSi sasuliero pirTa gagzavnis sakiTxs (adreul teqstebSi rom sasuliero piris albaniaSi gagzavnaze iqneboda laparaki, es albaT, mtkicebas aRar saWiroebs); upirvelesad gavarkvioT, _ ra erqva qarTlSi gagzavnil pirovnebas, _ ibirbzxua Tu irenarxosi?

Mmisi saxeli, cxadia, rom, iyo irenarxosi, irenarxe da ara _ ibirbzxua an sxva ram msgavsi. Jerar gariti ìbir-bzxuas~ irenarxes damaxinjebul formad miiCnevs da igi savsebiT marTalia. ìbirbzxua~ aris arabuli teqstis arabuladve gadamweris Secdomis Sedegi. Aarabuli `baÐ~ da `Áot~, `baÐ~ da `nuÐn~, `zaÐl~ da `raÐ~ erTnairi moxazulo-bisaa, maT erTmaneTisagan mxolod wertilTa ganlageba ganasxvavebs; Cans, teqstis gadamwerma wertilebi erTma-neTSi auria, amasTan, sityvis dasawyisSi àlifis~ Semdeg ori wertilis nacvlad sami wertilis arseboba igulisxma, e. i. àlifis~ momdevno bgerad `baÐ~ warmoidgina, amitom winare, aSkaraa, rom, _ arabulsave redaqciaSi dawerili àirinarxua~-s nacvlad, amoikiTxa iseTi sityva, romelic arabul teqstSi ase daamkvidra: _ ’bÁrbzxv’... garda imisa, rom es sityva SeiZleba gavigoT rogorc _ ìberTa Svili~, sxvadasxva gaxmovanebiT aq SeiZleba amovikiTxoT: _ ìbir bazaxua~, `bazaxva~, `baZaxua~, an Tundac, _ `baZaRua~... es sityva ìber abazxis~ asociaciasac iwvevs; magram sruliad ueWvelia, rom am pirovnebis namdvili saxeli iyo irenarxe, rac berZnulma teqstma Semogvinaxa.

vin iyo irenarxosi, ra mizniT unda wamosuliyo qarTli-saken, rogor unda gavigoT fraza, romlis mixedviTac, ire-narxoss mTel qarTlSi episkoposebis dadgena evaleboda, unda gavigoT Tu ara yovelive martivad, _ ise, TiTqos wmida grigorma es pirovneba qarTlis episkoposad daniSna

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da mas, Tavis mxriv, mTeli qarTlis masStabiT episkoposTa daniSvna daavala?

am kiTxvebze swori pasuxis gasacemad gavixsenoT, rom xsenebuli periodSi, e. i. IV s-is I naxevarSi episkoposebi ki ar iniSnebodnen, aramed, _ irCeodnen; ama Tu im saydarSi moRvawe sasuliero pirebi TavianT Soris amoirCevdnen xolme Sesaferiss da mas saydris winamZRolobas, _ episko-posobas avalebdnen; YTu amis saWiroebas ukve grZnobdnen, saerTo problemebidan gamomdinare, irCevdnen xolme mTavarepiskopossac, visac ramdenime episkoposi eqvemde-bareboda, qmnidnen saepiskoposoebs. dedaqalaqSi moRvawe episkoposs mitropoliti ewodeboda.

Aarabul TxzulebaSi arsad ar weria, rom ìbirbzxua~ romelime saydarSi moRvawe sasuliero pirebs TavianT winamZRvrad SeerCioT da episkoposad ekurTxebinoT, we-ria mxolod, rom wmida grigorma mitropolitad `gaxada~ igi; sofronisa da Tomas Sesaxebac amgvari sityvebia nax-mari: `gaxada episkoposad~... Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, rom agaTangeloss iseTi pirovnebebis Sesaxeb dauweria, rom-lebsac mxolod wodeba hqondaT episkoposobisa, magram ar gaaCndaT realuri xelisufleba da romlebic IV s-is dasawyisSi sakmaod bevrni iyvnen. isini qristianobis Cveu-lebrivi mqadagebeli misionerebi iyvnen, romlebic erTi qveynidan meoreSi mimodiodnen. IV s-Si eklesiam SemoiRo mitropolitis uxelisuflebo wodeba (lebedevi 1905: 202); es imas niSnavda, rom pirovnebas hqonda wodeba, SeeZ-lo qadageba, swavleba, magram ar iyo romelime kaTedris gamgebeli, mis saqmeTa warmmarTveli, materialur prob-lemaTa meurve da sxva; magram imis gamo, rom iyo niWieri, Zlieri qadagebis SemZle, Zlieri maswavlebeli, romelime damsaxurebuli moRvawisagan eniWeboda es wodeba, rac sa-patio wodebac iyo da misgan sxvaTa ganswavlis uflebis miniWebasac gulisxmobda. vfiqrobT, irenarxosi, sofroni da Toma swored aseTi, _ mxolod wodebis mqone mitropo-lit-episkoposebi iyvnen, hqondaT episkoposis wodeba, magram ar gaaCnaT realuri xelisufleba romelime kaTe-draze, maTi saqmianoba ZiriTadad qadagebebiT, damoZRvr-iTa da swavlebebiT ganisazRvreboda, isini erTi qveynidan

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meoreSi mosiarule misionerebi iyvnen, aseTi misioneri imxanad bevri iyo... agaTangelosTan, Cans, ewera, rom sami qveynis mefes rCeva misca wmida grigorma, am sam qveyanas Tavisi zrunva ar moaklo; rogorc qarTul wyaroTaganac vnaxavT, Cans, misionerebs mravalgan agzavnida wmida gri-gori, _ agaTangeloss sam qveyanaze gansakuTrebulad hqonia yuradReba gamaxvilebuli.

ras niSnavs arabuli Zeglis sityvebi, romelTa Tanax-madac, ìbirbzxuas~ episkoposebi unda daedgina mTel qarTlSi?

Cven Zalian mkafiod unda gavacnobieroT erTi faqti: im dros, roca ìbirbzxua~ qarTlSi moemgzavreba, aq ukve mosulia mravalricxovani samRvdeloeba, ukve cxovroben is mRvdlebi, romlebic episkoposebad unda moevlinon mTel qveyanas; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gaugebaria, rogor an visgan unda daadginos ìbirbzxuam~ episkoposebi mTel qarTlSi? ìbirbzxuas~ qarTlSi gamomgzavrebis dros, rac, am versiis Tanaxmad, sul cota nikeis krebamde (325 w) xdeba, qarTlSi ukve mosulia samRvdeloeba da ukve iwyeba episkoposebis dadginebis, maTi arCevisa da kurTxevis pro-cesi. erTi mxriv, eseni arian adgilobrivi qristianuli Temebidan gamosuli pirovnebebi da, meore mxriv, cxadia, _ kons-tantine keisris mier gamogzavnili mRvdlebi da diakvnebi. konstantinem, rogorc ̀ qarTlis cxovrebodan~-dan vi-ciT, qarTlSi orjel gamogzavna samRvdeloeba, pirvelad gamogzavna `mRvdeli WeSmariti iovane episko-posad da mis Tana mRdelni orni da diakonni samni~ (qar-Tlis cxovreba 1955: 115), xolo meored _ `mRdelni da xuroni friad mravalni~ (iqve, 117); pirveli Camosvlisas, rogorc Cans, moxda saepiskoposod warmogzavnili iovanes arCeva da Semdeg kurTxeva masTan erTad Camosuli ori mRvdlisa da sami diakvnis, agreTve, _ adgilobriv qris-tianTa mier (Tu efrem mcires verwmunebiT, mTavari xel-damsxmeli evstaTi yofila... Tu yovelive nikeis krebamde moxda, maSin, cxadia, roca qarTvelTa pirveli patriarqi akurTxa, evstaTi antioqiis patriarqi jer ar yofila (io-anes evstaTis mier xeldasxmulad miiCnevs vaxtang goil-aZe); meore Camosvlisas ki mTel qarTlSi iwyeba eklesiaTa

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Seneba da iq gamwesebuli mRvdlebi irCeven episkoposebs. im dros, roca ìbirbzxua~ qarTlSi modis, aq ukve mosu-lia mravalricxovani samRvdeloeba, dawyebulia mTel qarTlSi episkoposTa arCevis procesi.

ra roli unda Seesrulebina am dros qarTlSi ìbirbzxuas~, anu _ irenarxoss? cxadia, rom igi, rogorc gamocdili moRvawe, momaval episkoposTa SerCevasa da maT ganswavla-Si monawileobis miRebas SesTavazebda Tanamemamuleebs, qarTlisa da somxeTis eklesiaTa megobruli urTierTo-bebisaTvis izrunebda...

sofroni da Tomac, Cans, msgavsi misiiT iyvnen gagzav-nilni mezobel qveynebSi, isinic misionerebi iyvnen (Tumc, CvenTvis ucnobia, ra Rvawli gaswia kavkasiis qveynebSi gag-zavnilma am samma pirovnebam; Cavidnen Tu ara, saerTod, xsenebul qveynebSi)... wmida grigor parTeli, rogorc Cans, didad iRvwoda ara mxolod somexTaTvis, aramed, imisaT-vis, rom kavkasiis qveynebis eklesiaTa Soris megobruli urTierToba yofiliyo. SesaZloa, amiTac unda aixsnas is faqti, rom wmida grigori qarTvelTaTvis sayvareli pirovneba iyo da qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi mas xSirad didi pativiscemiT ixseniebdnen.

Cvens mier zemore warmodgenili msjelobis simarTles ramdenime Zveli wyaro ufro ganamtkicebs.

somexi YJamTaaRmwerlis _ uxtanesis Tanaxmad, wmida grigorma sxvadasxva mxareSi sul oTxasi episkoposi gag-zavna. misi TqmiT, am oTxasidan ocdacameti mosaydre epis-koposi yofila, xolo danarCenebi iyvnen usaydro episko-posebi (adonci 1905: 324). vin arian usaydro episkoposebi? cxadia, _ isini, visac mxolod wodeba aqvT episkoposo-bisa, magram ara _ realuri xelisufleba, romelTa Sesax-ebac ukve visaubreT. Zneli saTqmelia, ramdenad realuria uxtanesis mier dasaxelebuli ricxvebi, magram Cans, rom usaydro episkoposebi bevrni yofilan.

is faqti, rom wmida grigori sxva qveynebSi mqadageb-lebisa da maswavleblebis gagzavniT iyo ganTqmuli, Cans grigor ganmanaTleblis cxovrebis qarTuli redaqciidan-ac: `ganhmzadna Soris qalaqisa da ganawesna moZRvarni da maswavlelni [...] da ganvides qadagni brZanebiTa grigoli-

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saÁTa, raTa yovelTa qalaqTa moiyvanebden missa SvilTa maTTa somexni igi da aswavebden werilsa da wurTasa saRmr-ToTa wignTasa. esreT ukue ara xolo somxiTi gareSeicva mis mier qadagebaman, aramed, sparseTi da asureTi da midni da romelTa igi unnon uwodian. amaT yovelTaganni tkbil-sa mas uRelsa qristessa moiyvanna erni mravalni~ (cxoreba 1920: 43).

im azris gansamtkiceblad, rom wmida grigoris ka-Tedras kavkasiis sxva qveynebis saeklesio kaTedrebi ar eqvemdebareboda, arabuli Zeglidan moviyvanT kidev erT ad-gils, romelic zemoT ukve davimowmeT; jer naxsenebia Zalian bevri mxare, sadac wmida grigori episkoposebs ag-zavnida, Semdeg weria: àseve mravali episkoposi gagzavna sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da xalxebTan, aseve gagzavna moZRv-rebi, _ WeSmariti sityvis swavlebis SemZlebelni. rac Se-exeba [Tavad] wmida grigoriuss, man aaSena oTxi saepisko-poso araratSi, valarsapatSi, artasatsa da dvinusSi da isini Tavisi taxtis qveS moaqcia; da im qveynebs, romlebic movixsenieT, igi mzrunvelobda, [igi] erTi xanoba mzrun-velobda maT da didi somxeTis mefe Tirdats~... teqstis am adgilis mixedviT, wmida grigors TviT somxeTSic marto oTxi saepiskoposo eqvemdebareboda, sxva qveynebisa da mxareebis kaTedrebTan ki mxolod megobroba akavSirebda. Tund, davuSvaT, rom zmna _ `ÁaTa‘aÐhada~ unda gveTargmna rogorc _ `moinaxulebda xolme~, ZiriTadi azri mainc ig-ive rCeba. safiqrebelia, rom es aris adreuli redaqciebi-dan SemorCenili winadadebebi, romlebidanac kargad Cans, Tu rogori urTierToba iyo IV s-is dasawyisSi kavkasiis qveynebis eklesiaTa Soris.

rogorc vxedavT, im wyaroTa Tanaxmad, romlebic uSua-lod wmida ninos ar eZRvneba, imgvari istoria isaxeba Cvens Tvalwin, ueWveli xdeba qarTlis moqcevaSi umTavresi Rvawli swored wmida ninos rom miuZRvis. amis Semdeg `moq-cevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s obieqturobaSi eWvis Setana sruliad usafuZvlo xdeba.

wmida nino, Tu movses xorenacis verwmunebiT, somxeTSi ar Sesula, igi rifsimeanebs somxeTis sazRvrebTan Camos-cilda (xorenaci 1984: 177). amasTan dakavSirebiT, yurad-

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Rebas gavamaxvilebT `wmida ninos cxovrebiseul~ erT epo-zodze: roca rifsimeanebi awames, nino èkalTa Sina vardi-saTa~ damalula, qarTvelTa momavali mociquli SesCivis RmerTs: ùfalo, ufalo, rad damiteob me Soris aspitTa da iqedneTa?~ da aseT pasuxs Rebulobs: èsreT iyos wary-vanebaÁca Seni, odes-ege ekali, romeli, Sensa garemoÁs ars, yovelive iqmnas vardis furcel da surnel Sen mier~ (Zeglebi 1964: 115); aq ismeba kiTxva, _ ras niSnavs sityvebi `Sen mier~, rogor unda ayvavdes vardi wmida ninos mier?

rogorc vnaxeT, warmarTTagan damaluli qarTvelTa momavali mociquli ufals ekiTxeba, Tu rodemde datovebs mas igi àspitTa da iqedneTa Soris~; Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, rom àspitebsa~ da ìqedneebSi~ warmarTebi igulisx-mebian; sityva ̀ iqedne~ saxarebaSic aris naxsenebi, _ iovane naTlismcemeli ase mimarTavs farisevelTa da sadukevelT: `naSobno iqedneTano, vin giCuena Tquen sivltolaÁ mermi-sa misgan risxvisa?~ (m. 3,7; ix. aseve _ 12,34; 23,33; l. 3,7); aseTive metaforulobiT unda gavigoT sityvebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac, èkali~ `wmida ninos mier~ unda ìqmnas vardis furcel~, _ aq igulisxmebian warmarTebi, romlebic ninom unda moaqcios... sxvagvarad sruliad gaugebaria, _ rogor unda gaiSalos vardi wmida ninos mier... werilis am mon-akveTSi siaxles ar vambobT, _ am SemTxvevaSi Cvenze adre gamoqveynebuli mosazrebis mxardaWeras gamovxatavT, _ savsebiT marTalni arian qeTevan bezaraSvili da bernar kuli, roca weren: `cxadia, rom `brZamli mayulisaÁ~ (igive ekliani buCqi), sadac cxovrobs nino da aRmarTavs jvars, warmoadgens warmarTi xalxis simbolos, romelic man unda moaqcios da gaanaTlos. /am saxes exmaureba kidev erTi saxe ninos cxovrebidan, romelsac aseTive antiTeturi kon-struqcia aqvs. Aaq kidev ufro cxadia urTierTmimarTeba warmarT xalxsa da qristian ganmanaTlebels Soris, radgan igi iqvea ganmartebuli: me davSTi ekalTa Sina vardisaTa, rameTu vardi da nuSi yuaoda mas Jamsa~. zeciuri xma ganu-martavs ninos am simbolos da misi misiis mniSvnelobas: òdes ege ekali, romeli Sensa garemoÁs ars, yovelive iqm-nes vard mewamul da surnel Sen mier~ (kuli, bezaraSvili 2001: 68)... èklebi~ warmarTi adamianiebis simboloa.

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es epizodi istoriografiisaTvis axali informaciis momcemi xdeba. Cans, rom wmida nino warmarTTa Soris ima-leba. mas is warmarTebi unda malavdnen, romlebsac Sina-ganad aqvT sikeTe, magram romlebSic jer àr gafurCqv-nila~ es sikeTe, sikeTis nayofi jer ar gamouRia maT suls, _ es mxolod wmida ninos mier, masTan urTierTobis Sem-deg moxdeba. es epizodi 90-e fsalmunTan amJRavnebs siax-loves, _ ufali daicavs warmarTTa Soris myof ninos sa-SiSroebisagan (àspitTa da vasiliskossa zeda xÂdodi da dasTrguno Sen lomi da veSapi~, _ 90, 13)...

SesaZlebelia, Tu ara, _ dazustdes, _ konkretulad sad imaleba nino? xsenebuli qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, TiTqos sruliad naTlad gamomdinareobs is azri, rom wmida nino Trdat mefis ̀ samoTxeSi~, baRSi, Sesula, sadac Semdeg awames rifsimeanebi da nino ki `vardis buCqSi~ damalula; aseT SemTxvevaSi safiqrebeli xdeba, rom uSualod Sesw-rebia netari nino rifsimeanTa wamebas da misi dammalavi warmarTebic Zalian Sors ar yofilan, vityviT ase, _ mov-lenaTa centridan. movses xorenacis mixedviT ki, rogorc iTqva, wmida nino ar Sesula somxeTSi, aramed, _ megobrebs somxeTis sazRvrebTan Camocilda (xorenaci 1984: 177); am SemTxvevaSi unda vifiqroT, rom nino rifsimeanelTagan dacilebula maSin, roca mis megobrebs awamebdnen da, rad-gan, rogorc maTTan erTad namyofs, aseve moeloda saSiS-roeba, igi, SesaZloa, somxeTis sazRvrebidan arcTu Zalian dacilebuli, adgilobriv warmarTebs daumalavT. Tuki am azrs gaviziarebT, maSin ̀ wmida ninos cxovrebis~ dadgenil, _ Satberdul da WeliSur teqstebSi punqtuaciis niSnebis gadaadgileba gaxdeba saWiro, _ am SemTxvevaSi teqsti ase unda dadgindes: `warmovemarTeniT da gamovediT areTa somxiTisaTa. samoTxesa mas Sina Trdat mefisa igini imart-Âlnes masve Tuesa pirvelsa, dResa paraskevsa, xolo me davrCi ekalTa Sina vardisaTa~.

e. i. teqstidan iseTi azri unda gamovitanoT, rom ne-tari nino somxeTis mxareebisaken, somxeTis sazRvrebi-saken (àreTa somxiTisaTa~) warmomarTula, magram Trdat mefis baRSi da, saerTod, somxeTSi, ar Sesula da somxeTis sazRvrebTan axlos myofi marTlac adreve Camocilebia me-

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gobrebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi movses xorenacisTan da qarTul wyaroebSi Semonaxuli cnobebi erTmaneTTan TanxmobaSi modis. Satberdul-WeliSuris winare redaqciebSi es azri ufro gamarTuli winadadebebiT iqneboda gamoxatuli.

ar aris SeuZlebeli, rom realur eklis buCqTan dakav-Sirebuli faqti marTlac moxda, rom erT-erTi devnis dros ninom realurad gamoiyena ekliani buCqebi samalavad, isic ar aris saeWvo, rom mirian mefis baRSi realuri `mayvlo-vani~ iyo ninos sacxovrisis garSemo, magram hagiografe-bi faqtebs xSirad imgvarad gadmogvcemen xolme, rom am faqtebma movlenaTa ganzogadebis saSualeba mogvces da saxismetyvelurad sxva movlenebzec migvaniSnos.

somxeTSi wmida ninos Sesvlasa Tu arSesvlasTan dakav-SirebiT SeiZleba SemogvekamaTon, _ gviTxran, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ garkveviT aris naTqvami, Tu rogor xe-davda `vardis buCqSi~ damaluli nino rifsimes, gaianesa da sxva asulebis mokvdinebas.

magram aq unda gaviTvaliswinoT erTi garemoeba, _ `ni-nos cxovrebis~ Satberdul da WeliSur redaqciebSi wmida ninos sulieri xilvis Sesaxeb aris laparaki, _ nino gviam-bobs, Tu rogor ixila zecad aRmavali sulebi wamebulebi-sa... wmida nino ambobs, rom ixila, Tu rogor adiodnen caTa siRrmeSi wamebuli asulebi, rogor iyo am dros warmarT-Tagan damaluli èkalTa~ Soris. Cans, igulisxmeba, rom wmidanma Seityo da sulieri mzeriT ixila, Tu ra gardaxda Tavs mis megobrebs; hagiografiul TxrobaSi sizmari, cxa-di, sulieri xilva, fizikuri movlena, _ yvelaferi erT mTlian realobad warmoidgineba da es garemoeba aucileb-lad unda iqnas gaTvaliswinebuli, Tuki hagiografiidan istoriuli faqtebis mopovebas veswrafviT.

arabul-berZnuli Zeglebis Seswavlis Semdeg `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s saistorio mniSvneloba ufro izrdeba, _ am wyaroebis kritikuli Seswavlis Semdeg dasturdeba, rom swored wmida nino aris qarTvelTa mociquli. `wmida ninos cxovreba~ Zalze faseuli Zeglia rogorc saistorio, ise wmidad literaturuli TvalsazrisiT...

bolos am Zeglis redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis sa-kiTxsac SevexebiT.

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`wmida ninos cxovreba~ XII s-Si gadaumetafrasebiaT; anderZSi am redaqciis avtorad moxseniebulia `beri arseni”.

XIII s-Si `beri arsenis~ naSromis safuZvelze ucnob avtors sxva redaqcia Seuqmnia. arsenma qarTvelTa gan-manaTleblis cxovrebis aRmweri teqstebi sakmaod Secva-la, radgan miaCnia, rom Zvel redaqciebSi qarTlis moqce-vis istoria `TanaaRreulad sweria~, _ `romelime TÂT mis wmidisagan miTxrobilad, romelime mefisa mirianisa-gan, sxuaÁ iakob mRdelisagan, sxuaÁ abiaTarisagan, sxuaÁ kualad sidoniaÁsgan, garna winaÁ ukuana da ukuanaÁ war~ (Zeglebi 1971: 51). avtoris azriT, `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ Zveli redaqcia (`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s meore nawili), Tu Tanamedrove terminiT vityviT, kompoziciurad gaumarTa-vi, amdenad, _ `mkiTxvelTaTÂs friad sawyino iyo da msme-nelTaTÂs uÃmar da ver sacnaur~ (Zeglebi 1971: 51). ekle-siaSi sakiTxavad, aseve, gamouyeneblad miuCneviaT leonti mrovelis mier `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ Setanili `cxovreba wmida ninosi~ da amitom Seqmnila metafrasuli redaqcia.

arsenis sityvebi upirveles yovlisa, albaT, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s meore nawilis e. w. WeliSur redaqcias gu-lisxmobs, romelic XIV s-is (qrestomaTia 1946:Q 215) xel-nawerma Semogvinaxa. erTi SexedviT, swored es redaqcia tovebs iseT STabeWdilebas, rom `winaÁ~ ukan aris moqceu-li da ùkuana~ win. Sesavali Satberduli redaqciis (X s.) msgavsad iwyeba: ̀ da odes-igi wmidaman srbaÁ TÂsi aRasrula sarwmunoebasa“ zeda wmidisa samebisasa netarman dedakac-man nino, romeli gueqmna maxarebel gulTa CuenTa da embaz sulTa da ÃorcTa CuenTa, guauwya Cuen mamakacebr erTar-sebaÁ wmidisa samebisaÁ~ (Zeglebi 1964: 98)... saubaria wmi-da ninos Rvawlze, naTqvamia, rom man `ganaSuena CrdiloÁ ese queyanaÁ~ da àrwmuna yovelTa~ sameba, rom qristesia `sufevaÁ ukuniTi ukunisamde da mermeca, amen~ (Zeglebi 1964: 99). Semdeg uecrad `soji dedoflis~ Sesaxeb iwyeba Txroba: `da iyo maTve JamTa Sina mirian mefisaTa, raJams moinaTla soji dedofali da mis Tana mTavarni mravalni Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa bods Sina~ (Zeglebi 1964: 98); Semdeg we-ria: ̀ guakurTxen, mamao, amen!~ _ da iwyeba Txroba imis Sesa-

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xeb, Tu rogor àRiZra SuriTa saRmrToÁTa da surviliTa sionisa kaTolike eklesiisaTa~ soji dedofali; rogor warmoemarTa mcxeTisaken Tayvaniscemad `wmidisa sioni-sa da wmidisa maxarebelisa, mociqulTa sworisa ninoÁsa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 98). garkveviT ar aris naTqvami, Tu romeli qveynis dedofalia `soji~. igi gzaSi aRTqmas debs, rom daba bodi RmerTs, eklesias, unda Seswiros. etlis gver-diT fexSiSveli modis. mdinaris gamoRmiT mdgaran `mTava-repiskoposi da yoveli eri~ (Zeglebi 1964: 100), romelnic dedofals aCerebdnen, _ surdaT, misken gadasuliyvnen, magram dedofali, saxedarze amxedrebuli, TviTon gadmo-sula maTTan meore napirze, sadac, sasuliero pirTa gar-da, daxvdnen `mefenica da salome uJarmoeli dedofali~ (Zeglebi 1964: 100), aseve, _ `dedofali~ peroJavri. yvelas eklesiaSi ulocnia. sojim mefesa da mTavarepiskoposs wmida ninos werili misca, _ sanam mefesTan Camovidoda, manamde, Turme, bodSi wmida ninosTan iyo namyofi (ùwin-ares miwevnul iyo mun winaSe wmidisa ninoÁssa~). wmida nino mefes weriliT atyobinebs, rom movlo mravali mxare da bevri warmarTi moaqcia. Semdeg wers: `xolo me esera movi-wie queyanasa kuxeTisasa da dabasa bodisasa. da aw Ãsene-bulmca ars dedofali ege soji, rameTu aRiZra ege SuriTa saRmrToÁTa dalewad kerpTa da moqcevad erisa maTisa saerisTavoÁsa. da waravlinna mswrafl sivnieTad Zmisa da asulisa da guaspuragnad stereonissa. da moiyvanna igini da naTels-iRes yovelTa bods Sina da icnes RmerTi~ (Zeg-lebi 1964: 101). da wmida nino amcnobs mefes, rom Tavisi aRsasrulis Jami movida, eubneba: _ `me dResa dauRamdebi~ (am sityvebis maRalpoeturobaze yuradReba revaz siraZes aqvs gamaxvilebuli) _ da sTxovs, gaugzavnon mas mwyemsT-mTavari.

aRwerilia, Tu rogor tiroda yvela da adidebda RmerTs, rogor mouwoda abiaTar mRvdels àstiron mTa-varman guaspuragnelman farulad~ da hkiTxa, Tu rogor moinaTla igi, _ yofili huria. naCvenebia, rom abiaTarma uqadaga mas, rom àstiron~ mTavari (misi saxeli zogjer moxseniebulia rogorc _ àstrion~) àdidebda RmerTsa yovelTa sakvirvelebaTa misTaTÂs~ (Zeglebi 1964: 104).

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Semdeg WeliSur redaqciaSi uecrad `dedofal sojis~ Sesaxeb Txroba wydeba da saqadageblad wmida ninos mi-mosvlaze, bodSi Casvlasa da mis iq dasneulebaze iwyeba saubari: `da viTarca movlo wmidaman da sanatrelman nino sanaxebi ese qarTlisaÁ~... _ da Semdeg es teqsti ZiriTadad emTxveva `moqcevaÁ~-s meore nawilis Satberdul redaq-cias, _ naTqvamia, rom wmida nino `miiwia queyanasa kuxeTi-sasa, dabasa, romelsa hrqvan bodisi~... ninosTan mravali morwmune Seikriba; salome ujarmeli da peroJavr sivnie-li, aseve, _ `yovelni mTavarni~ ninos Tavisi cxovrebis moyolas evedrebodnen. sanam netari ninos Txroba daiw-yeba, naTqvamia, rom `mswrafl moixunes sawerelni~ (igu-lisxmeba, rom _ salomem da peroJavrma) da wmida ninos monaTxrobis Caweras Seudgnen. netari nino pirvel pirSi saubrobs, _ igi mSoblebis, Tavisi bavSvobis, qarTlSi Semosvlis Sesaxeb gviambobs. Semdeg wmida ninos Txroba wydeba da qarTlis moqcevis ambavs, aseve, pirvel pirSi misi mowafeebi: sidonia, abiaTar da iakob mRvdlebi agr-Zeleben. boloSi CarTulia `wigni, romeli dawera mirian mefeman qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudilisa misisasa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 157), misi anderZi _ SvilisaTvis dawerili (Zeglebi 1964: 162). mefe mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor gaanaTla igi wmida ninom. didi wuxiliT aris saubari netari ninos aRsrule-basa da mis dakrZalvaze. mefis anderZis win moTavsebulia iakob mRvdlis mier moTxrobili _ `jvari patiosanis aR-marTvis istoria~. aqve iakobi gvamcnobs, Tu rogor gae-marTa wmida nino saqadageblad, _ `xarebad pirutyuTa saxeTa maT kacTa da Semusrvad kerpTa maTTa. xolo mcxe-Tas Sina dauteva mRdeli abiaTar huria, romeli-igi iyo meore pavle~ (Zeglebi 1964: 152). Semdeg weria, rom huriani aiZulebdnen `mefesa, raTa ara SeZran bagini igi, vidreRa ara gamoCenil iyo axali madli queyanasa amas, taZarsa mas Sina iyo saxeli saukunoÁsaÁ mis~ (Zeglebi 1964: 152).

Satberdul teqsts WeliSurisagan (laparakia vrcel redaqciaze), calkeuli adgilebis gansxvavebulobisa da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, naklulovanebis garda, ZiriTadad, is ganasxvavebs, rom masSi `mirianis wignis~ win CarTulia `jvari patiosanis aRmarTvis istoria~ (Zeglebi 1964: 153-

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157). Tu soji dedoflis istoriasa da wmida ninos werils ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi, TiTqmis msgavsia Sesavalic (Zeglebi 1964: 98)... msgavsia sxva adgilebic...

aris Tu ara WeliSuri an Satberduli teqstebi gaumar-Tavi? maT Sinagan mxares Tu davakvirdebiT, aseTi STabeW-dileba maSinve gagviqreba. `wmida ninos cxovreba~ kom-poziciurad kargad Camoyalibebuli nawarmoebia, rac mSvenivrad aqvs warmoCenili Tavis naSromSi marina Cxar-tiSvils (CxartiSvili 1987: 12); qarTlis moqcevis isto-rias sxvadasxva piri gviambobs. Txrobis siuJeturi xazi gamarTulia. wignis avtorebad Tavad wmida nino da, masTan erTad, qarTvelTa moqcevis istoriis sxva mTxrobelebi da teqstTa sxva avtorebi gvevlinebian. ZeglSi Setanilia mirian mefis `wigni~ Tavisi moqcevis Sesaxeb, rac Satber-dul-WeliSurma redaqciebma nawarmoebis mTliani teqs-tidan gamoyofilad Semogvinaxa da romelic, rogorc am werilis saTauridan Cans, mirianma Tavisi aRsasru-lis Jams Casawerad mTavarepiskoposs ukarnaxa da salome ujarmels misca (Zeglebi 1964: 157). salome ujarmeli, _ yovelives `mecnieri~, rogorc teqstebidan Cans, yofila erT-erTi redaqtori `wmida ninos cxovrebisa~, rac Se-exeba saboloo redaqcias, igi teqsts iman gaukeTa, vinc salomes qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli yvela mov-lenis mcodne, _ `mecnieri~ uwoda. `wmida ninos cxovre-bis~ SemdgenelTa mizani is aris, rom nawarmoebSi Txrobis sworxazobrivi siuJeti ar dairRves. sxvadasxva pirovne-bam qarTlis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli erTi an ramdeni-me ambavi unda mogviTxros. SeiZleba Txrobisas am movle-nebisagan qronologiurad sakmaod daSorebul ambebze gadaitanos sityva, zogma, SesaZloa, piradi gancdebi gad-mosces, sxvisi naTqvami gaimeoros, magram yvela ambavi da teqsti imgvarad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, rom Txrobis mTliani siuJeturi xazi da, saerTod, _ nawarmoebis kom-pozicia gamarTuli iyos. marTalia, teqstebSi jer ninos dasneulebazea laparaki da mxolod amis Semdeg iwyeba misi bavSvobisa da qarTlSi Semosvlis ambebis gadmocema, mar-Talia, qarTlis moqcevis istorias sxvadasxva pirovneba gviambobs, magram Txroba savsebiT gamarTulia da nawar-

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moebs swored aseTi Sesavali aniWebs momxibvlelobas.rogorc aRvniSneT, WeliSuri teqstis dasawyisSi saqa-

dageblad netari ninos mimoslvazea laparaki, Semdeg soji dedofalze iwyeba Txroba, sojis epizodis bolos ki isev ninos mimoslvaze grZeldeba saubari. miuxedavad amisa, ar arsebobs safuZveli miviCnioT, rom sojis epi-zodi teqstSi mogvianebiT aris CarTuli (am sakiTxze ix. axali varianti: 1-2; _ ix. SeniSvna 2...), gamarTul kompozi-cias arc sojis epizodi ar arRvevs, piriqiT, _ es epizodi Zalian uxdeba nawarmoebs, misi organuli nawilia; metic, _ vfiqrobT, kompoziciurad yvelaze ufro gamarTuli _ WeliSuri redaqciaa.

WeliSuri, _ vrceli redaqciis dasawyisSi, rogorc vnaxeT, naTqvamia, rom `netari da sanatreli nino~, `rome-li gueqmna maxarebel gulTa CuenTa da embaz sulTa da ÃorcTa CuenTa~ [...], ara daayena dedobrivman bunebaman~... Semdeg mTxrobeli Tavad wmida ninos mimarTavs: àrca uZ-lurebaman ÃorcTaman dagabrkola gzaTa maT slvad fic-xelTa da ZnelTa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 98); avtori dasZens: `vi-Tarca dedakacsa visme SvilT-moyuaresa warhpara vinme Svili sayuareli [...] da siyuarulisa misisagan aRiZris da ganmartnis, viTarca orbman frTeni TÂsni da bralebiT rbin da eZiebn da hkiTxavn yovelTa mogzaurTa gzasa mis queyanisasa, sada-igi uwyebul ars yofaÁ Svilisa TÂsi-saÁ, egreTve wmidaÁ ese da sanatreli dedakaci ikiTxvida qalaqsa amas Cuensa da eZebda Ãsnasa sulTa CuenTasa~ (Zeg-lebi 1964: 98)...

saocari dinamikiT aris aq yovelive aRwerili, TiTqos yvelaferi amoZravebula, TiTqos vgrZnobT, Tu rogori didi madli modis qarTlisaken.

moiswrafvis netari nino, modis mcxeTisaken, ise moilt-vis Cvensken, rogorc dakarguli Svilebisaken deda, ro-gorc warwymeduli cxvrisaken keTili mwyemsi...

sakiTxavis am nawilSi Txrobis es Zalumi dinamika imi-saTvis aris gamoyenebuli, rom mTeli arsebiT SevigrZnoT, rogori didi macocxlebeli suliereba moedineba `Crdi-loeTis qveyanisaken~.

avtori gvixatavs Cvensken momaval wmida ninos, rome-

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lic àra daayena dedobrivman bunebaman, arca uZlureba-man ÃorcTaman~ daabrkola `gzaTa maT slvad ficxelTa da ZnelTa~ da wignis yuradRebiT kiTxvis SemTxvevaSi iseTi SegrZneba gveufleba, rom madli, sinaTle, aRmadginebeli suliereba CvenSic Zalian Zlierad Semodis.

qarTlisaken ganmacxovelebeli sulierebis wamosv-la brwyinvaled aqvs daxatuli avtors. magram saWiroa gviCvenos, rom adamiani TviTonac didi ZaliT, _ RvTisa-gan aRZruli STagonebiT unda iswrafodes masTan wamosu-li ganmacocxlebeli sulierebisaken, unda miegebos misT-vis momaval madls; da swored yovelive amis Cveneba aqvs dasaxuli miznad avtors maSin, roca gviambobs, Tu rogor àRiZra SuriTa saRmrToÁTa da surviliTa wmidisa sionisa kaTolike eklesiisaTa [...] dedofali ege soji~ da rogor `warmoemarTa xilvad da Tayuaniscemad wmidisa sionisa da wmidisa maxarebelisa, mociqulTa sworisa ninoÁsa~ (Zeg-lebi 1964:99). moiswrafvis wmida nino qarTlSi da mTeli arsebiT miiltvis misken dedofali soji...

Sinagania is dinamika, nawarmoebSi rom igrZnoba. wyali adidebula, igi TiTqos win eRobeba sojis. sanam mdinare-ze gadavidoda, dedofali `tiriliT iareboda kidesa mdi-narisasa~ (iqve) (rogor hgavs am adgils xalxuri leqsi: ìareboda dedai~...); gaocebulia am dedoflis mayurebeli xalxi (Zeglebi 1964: 100). dedofali adidebul mdinareze gadadis, mSvidobiT aRwevs meore napirs da Semdeg yvelani eklesiisaken miemarTebian...

zemoT vnaxeT, rom netari ninos werilSi qarTlis sxva-dasxva mxareSi mimoslvazea laparaki: `movle sanaxebi qa-rTlisaÁ~, `moviwie queyanasa kuxeTisasa~, _ dinamiuria Txroba, RvTaebrivi madli TiTqos qveynis yvela mxares, iqiT-aqeT, mTel samefoSi mimoedineba. nawarmoebSi naTq-vamia, rom sojim `waravlinna mswrafl sivnieTad Zmisa da asulisa da guaspuragnad stereonisa da moiyvanna igini~; stereon (àstiron~) mTavari abiaTar mRvdels TavisTan mouwodebs, raTa misgan ganaTleba miiRos... wmida nino br-Zanebs: `movides dedofali ese soji~, `moaSureviT Cemda wmidaÁ ege mamadmTavari~, _ sul moZraoba, mimosvlis su-raTebi ixateba irgvliv...

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sojis epizodis dasasruls weria: `viTarca movlo wmi-daman da sanatrelman nino sanaxebi ese qarTlisaÁ~ (Zegle-bi 1964: 104) _ da Semdeg Txroba ukve Satberduli teqstis msgavsad grZeldeba, _ naTqvamia, rom netari nino `miiwia queyanasa kuxeTisasa, dabasa, romelsa hrqvan bodisi, das-neulda sneulebiTa~ (Zeglebi 1964:104). sityvebi: `movlo [...] sanaxebi ese qarTlisaÁ~ _ pirdapir exmianeba ninos mier werilSi naTqvams: `me movle sanaxebi qarTlisaÁ~, _ uSua-lo, organuli kavSiri myardeba Txrobis zeda nawilTan.

vfiqrobT, sruliad naTlad Cans, Tu ra Zlieri eqspre-siiT aris es teqsti dawerili da rogori siRrmiseulo-biTaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva epizodi, Txroba bunebrivi da Tanamimdevrulia. sakiTxavi mqadage-bels, mociquls eZRvneba da nawarmoebi isea dawerili, rom, sanam uSualod ninos cxovrebis gadmocema daiwyebodes, avtors saWirod miaCnia, jer is dagvixatos, Tu rogori madli datrialebula netari ninos qarTlSi SemosvliT. modioda igi da miskenac iswrafvodnen. mSvenieria ori epizodis Sepirispireba: _ qarTlSi momavali nino da mis mier mogvrili madlisaken mswrafveli suji; mcxeTaSi mo-mavali netari nino Svildakargul, Svilis maZebar dedas hgavs, rogorc bavSvi dedis ZuZusken, ise iltvis ninosken, aseve, mcxeTaSi mimavali dedofali soji. sxvadasxva dros momxdari ambebia aq aRwerili, magram urTierTSemxvedri moZraobis daxatviT avtori qmnis efeqts, rom erTmaneTi-saken iswrafodnen wmida nino da misi `dakarguli Svile-bi~, am SemTxvevaSi, _ `soji dedofali~. sainteresoa, rom, roca avtori `sojis~ mcxeTisaken momavalad gvixatavs, maSin nino mcxeTaSi ar aris, _ bodSi imyofeba. TiTqos ur-TierTSemxvedri moZraobis efeqti ar unda Seiqmnas. mag-ram am efeqts mainc aRwevs avtori, radgan mkiTxvelisaT-vis gasagebia, rom mcxeTisa da sveticxovelisaken swrafva wmida ninos sulierebasTan miaxloebis survilsac niSnavs. raTa es kargad gvagrZnobinos da urTierTSemxvedri moZ-raobis efeqtic didostaturad Seqmnas, avtori aseT, _ moulodnel winadadebasac ki wers: _ mcxeTisaken `de-dofali igi soji warmoemarTa xilvad da Tayuanis-ce-mad wmidisa sionisa da wmidisa maxarebelisa, mociqulTa

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sworisa ninoÁsa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 99), _ nino TiTqos bodSia, magram, radgan mcxeTis sionSi, e. i. sveticxovelSi misi sulierebac trialebs, iq salocavad misvla wmida ninos Tayvancemasac niSnavs. amaze migvaniSnebs avtori, roca brZanebs, rom soji mcxeTisaken `warmoemarTa xilvad... ni-noÁsa~. droisa da sivrcis iseTi pirobiTobaa aq aRwerili, Tanamedrove modernist mwerlTanac rom iSviaTad Segvxv-deba... es aris brwyinvaled gamarTuli teqsti.

Sesavlis pirvelsaxe Tavad saxarebaa. saxarebaSia naC-venebi, rom, sanam macxovari xalxis ganswavlas daiwyebdes, jer iovane naTlismcemelTan, xolo Semdeg Tavad messias-Tan iswrafvian adamianebi, _ momavali mowafeebi da mociqulebi...

xsenebul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, yuradRebas erTi garemoeba iqcevs: Satberdul redaqciasa da `mefeTa cx-ovrebaSi~ wmida ninos werili naxsenebic ki ar aris, arafe-ria naTqvami `dedofal sojis~ mier am werilis bodidan mcxeTaSi wamoRebis Sesaxeb. erTi mxriv, cxadia, rom aseT mniSvnelovan cnobebs xsenebul teqstebSi, an maT winare xe-lnawerebSi aravin gaaqrobda, meore mxriv, Cven ar gvaqvs sa-fuZveli miviCnioT, rom es cnobebi yalbia. `mefeTa cxovre-bisa~ da Satberduli redaqciis winare teqstebSi ar gaqre-boda aseTi mniSvnelovani cnobebi, WeliSurSi ki, saeWvoa, _ yalbad gaCeniliyo... aqedan gamomdinare, safiqrebeli xdeba, rom adreul periodSi erTmaneTisagan damoukide-blad `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ ori iseTi redaqcia yofila Camoyalibebuli, romelTagan erTSi araferi iyo naTqvami bodidan weriliT momavali, mdinareSi gabedulad Sesu-li dedoflis Sesaxeb da meoreSi ki iyo aseTi cnobebi. am sakiTxs qvemoTac mivubrundebiT...

axla cota ufro vrclad visaubroT leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebaze~, romelSic `wmida ninos cxovrebac~ aris Setanili.

leonti mroveliseul teqstSi, sanam ninos cxovre-bis moTxroba daiwyebodes, weria: `pirvelad vaÃsenoT cxovreba wmidisa da netarisa dedisa Cuenisa da yovlisa qarTlisa ganmanaTlebelisa nino mociqulisa, romeli-ese TÂT manve netarman mogÂTxra Jamsa aRsrulebisa misisasa,

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romeli aRwera morwmuneman dedofalman salome ujarmel-man, Zis colman mirian mefisaman, asulman Trdat somexTa mefisaman~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 72). Semdeg aqac naTq-vamia: `da iyo maT JamTa Sina, odes wmida giorgi kabadukie-li iwama~... _ WeliSuri redaqciisagan gansxvavebiT, soji dedoflis epizodis gareSe, gadmocemulia qarTlis moq-cevis TiTqmis igive istoria, rac Satberdul-WeliSur teqstebSia, oRond, ufro detalurad aris moTxrobili saqadageblad ninos wasvlis Sesaxeb...

Cans, leonti mroveli Satberdul redaqcias eyrdnoba. swored es unda Yiyos mizezi, rom mis teqstSi sojis epizo-di da wmida ninos werili ar moipoveba. leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ ninoseuli Txroba pirveli piridan mesameSia gadatanili; Tumc, ninos mowafeTa naambobi, am mxriv, Seucvlelad aris gadawerili, _ maTi monaTxro-bi pirvel pirSia darCenili. aRsaniSnavia, rom mrovelis teqsti Satberduli redaqciis CvenTvis ucnobi xelnawe-rebidan momdinareobs. mrovelTan araerTi iseTi cnobaa Semonaxuli, rac CvenTvis cnobil Satberdul xelnaw-erebSi ar gvxvdeba; amasTan, bevri faqti daufaravad aris gadmocemuli. mag., leontisTan vxedavT, rom warmarTTa-gan zogs ar miuRia qristianoba da sacxovreblad sxvagan gadasula...

`mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ Satberduli redaqciis kompozi-cia gadakeTebulia. qarTlis sxvadasxva mxareSi netari ni-nos mimosvlaze ara Sesaval nawilSi, aramed, _ nawarmoe-bis boloSi aris laparaki. leonti mroveli, rogorc Cans, cdilobda, rom TxrobisaTvis saistorio nawarmoebisaT-vis bunebrivi Tanamimdevruloba, epikuroba mieniWebina.

leonti mrovelis teqstSi Txroba rom ufro empiriu-li faqtebis gadmocemiT, JamTaaRmwerlis toniT iwyeba, es kargad Cans pirvelsave winadadebaSi: `pirvelad vaÃsenoT cxovreba wmidisa da netarisa dedisa Cuenisa da yovlisa qarTlisa ganmanaTlebelisa~ da a. S. leonti mroveli meis-toriea da JamTaaRmwerlis stiliT mogviTxrobs im ambebs, rac Satberdul `ninos cxovrebaSi~, romelic, mTlianad Tu ara, misi nawilebi mainc, eklesiaSi sakiTxavad aris Seq-mnili, ufro amaRlebuli toniT aris moTxrobili. Cven

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ver miviCnevT, rom leonti mrovelis winare teqstSi SeiZ-leba ase, _ ufro saistorio stilSi yofiliyo Txroba dawyebuli. safiqrebelia, rom im teqsts iseTive Sesavali hqonda, rac Cven Satberdulma redaqciam Semogvinaxa. SeiZ-leba isic davuSvaT, rom leonti mrovels miaCnda, TiTqos cnobebi bodSi ninos Casvlasa da mis iq dasneulebaze Sat-berduli redaqciis Sesaval nawilSi winare teqstTa bolo nawilidan iyo gadmotanili da ̀ asworebda~ teqsts. magram, vfiqrobT, teqsts `Sesworeba~ ar sWirdeba, _ savsebiT bunebrivia, rom adreul teqstebSi Txroba bodSi netar ninosTan xalxis Sekrebisa da sneuli ninos mier Tavisi cxovrebis Txrobis epizodiT yofiliyo dawyebuli... ase-Ti Sesavali amSvenierebs nawarmoebs, _ jer gaxsenebulia, Tu rogor modioda qarTlisaken wmida nino, Semdeg ki misi cxovrebaa gadmocemuli...

axla ki arsenis metafrasul `cxovrebaze~ davubrun-deT saubars.

rogorc vxedavT, arsenis winaSe yofila, erTi mxriv, daaxloebiT, an zustad iseTi teqsti, rogoric WeliSuria, romelSic wmida ninos werili aris motanili da `sojis~ epizodia moTxrobili, meore mxriv, SesaZloa, igi icnobda Satberdul teqstsac, icnobda ̀ mefeTa cxovrebas~. mas ar-sebuli teqstebi eklesiaSi sakiTxavad ar moswons da arsen beri amitom axal teqsts qmnis. masTan sxvadasxva mTxro-beli aRar Cans. arseni jer qveynad uflis mosvlaze, moci-qulTa moRvaweobaze laparakobs, Semdeg iwyebs wmida ninos cxovrebaze saubars. ninos bavSvobis, qarTlSi Semosvlis, qveynis moqcevis, eklesiaTa Senebisa da sxva ambebis moyo-lis Semdeg gviambobs, Tu rogor wavida netari nino saqa-dageblad `mTeulebTan~... igi, leonti mrovelis msgavsad, `Tanamimdevrulad~ gadmoscems faqtebs, magram, `mefeTa cxovrebisagan~ gansxvavebiT, mas ukve mTeli nawarmoebi mesame pirSi aqvs gadatanili. stili, cxadia, metafrasu-lia da ara _ saistorio.

yuradRebas iqcevs is faqti, rom metafrasul `cxovre-baSi~ saerTod aRar aris naxsenebi iseTi mniSvnelovani pirovnebis saxeli, rogoric salome ujarmelia, _ igi, vinc uSualo monawileoba miiRo `wmida ninos cxovrebis~

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SedgenaSi, vinc `mecnier iyo yovelsave WeSmaritad~ (Zeg-lebi 1964: 157).

WeliSur redaqciaSi naxsenebia `salome uJarmoeli~, oRond _ mxolod erTgan, _ im epizodSi, romelSic ̀ soji~ aragvze gadadis (Zeglebi 1964: 100). WeliSuri redaqciiT, salome bodidan momaval `sojis~ aragvis meore napirze elodeba, Semdeg miyveba bodSi da peroJavr sivnielTan erTad ninos monaTxrobs iwers. am teqstebSi nel-nela gamqrala dedofal salome ujarmelis saxeli da samagie-rod gaCenila saxeli _ `soji~ _ `dedofali soji (zogan _ suji)~.

yuradRebas kidev erTi faqti iqcevs, _ leonti mrove-lis Tanaxmad, sneul ninosTan bodSi, mis mosavlelad, de-dofali salome ujarmeli misula; netari nino `viTarca mieaxla kuxeTs, dabasa bodisasa, dayvna mun dReni raoden-nime. da movidodes missa kaxeTiT, hkiTxvides da aRiareb-des swavlasa missa simravle erisa. maSin dasneulda mun; da viTarca cna rev, Zeman mefisaman da salome, colman misman, romelni cxorebdes ujarmas, movides ninosa da acnobes mefesa da dedofalsa. xolo maT miavlines episkoposi io-vane warmoyvanebad wmidisa ninossa, xolo wmida nino ara erCda. maSin warvida TÂT mefe da simravle erisa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 126).

Satberduli `moqcevaÁ~-s pirveli nawilis mixedviTac, _ netari nino `dasneulda da warmoemarTa mcxeTad. da vi-Tarca moiwia kxoeTas, dabasa, romelsa hrqÂan bodini, ver-Rara uZlo slvad. da mo-xolo-vides ujarmiT qalaqiT rev, ZÀ mefisaÁ, da salome, coli misi, da asuli misi, da zeda-adges mourned. da miuvlines mcxeTiT mefeman da colman misman nana iovane mTavar ebiskoposi xilvad da waryvanebad~ (Zeglebi 1964: 89); WeliSuri redaqciis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmadac, _ netari nino `waremarTa da miiwia koxeTad, dabasa, romelsa ewodebis bodisi, da verRara uZlo slvad da esma ese mefesa da friad Sewuxdes. da mswrafl movides uJarmiT qalaqiT rev, Ze mefisa, da salome, coli misi, da asuli maTi, zeda-adges mourned~ (Zeglebi 1964: 89).

WeliSuri, _ vrceli redaqciis Tanaxmad ki, rogorc zemoTac gamoCnda, dasneulebul ninosTan bodSi `soji~

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Casula: `moiRo dedofalman wigni wmidisa ninoÁsi winaSe mefisa da ioane mTavar-episkoposman bodisiT dabiT, ra-meTu uwinares miwevnul iyo mun winaSe wmidisa ninossa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 100); arsenisa da ufro mogviano metafra-suli `cxovrebiTac~, _ bodSi netar ninosTan dedofali suji Casula, _ wmida nino `mivida kxueTs, dabasa, romelsa ewodebis bodisi. da movida misa dedofali kaxeTisaÁásuji da mis Tana mTavarni da mÃedrebi da monaTa da mÃevalTa simravle~ (Zeglebi 1971: 42; 76).

Cven ar gvaqvs safuZveli miviCnioT, rom sneul ninos-Tan, mis mosavlelad, bodSi salome ujarmeli ar Casula. es cnobebi xsenebul teqstebSi Semdgom Camatebuls ar hgavs, risTvis unda dasWirvebodaT salomeze amgvari faqtebis gamogoneba?! an amden teqstSi rogor gaCndeboda msgavsi cnobebi?!

Cvens winaSe sxva SekiTxvac SeiZleba daisvas: sad gaqra metafrasul `cxovrebaSi~ salome ujarmelze cnobebi da saidan gaCnda am da WeliSur redaqciebSi suji dedoflis istoria, rogor iqca bodSi netari ninos mosavlelad Ca-suli salome ujarmeli bodSi Casul sujid? teqstebis cnobaTa urTierTSejerebis Semdeg SeiZleba im mosazre-bis daSveba, rom `suji~ igive salome ujarmelia.

Cveni azriT, WeliSuri variantis SemorCenili xelnawe-ris, an misi winare teqstis Semqmneli iyenebda iseT redaq-cias, romelSic SemorCenili iyo cnoba, rom wmida ninos naambobi salome ujarmelma da peroJavr sivnielma Cai-weres, Cans, SemorCenili yofila wmida ninos werili da am werilis bodidan mcxeTaSi wamoRebis istoria, magram weri-lis wamoRebis epizodSi, vfiqrobT, rom, _ dakarguli iyo saxeli bodSi Casuli dedoflisa. Tumc, rogorc Cans, am epizodSi salome ujarmelis saxeli daqaragmebuli for-miT _ `suji~ (`s. uj.-i~) sadRac mainc iyo naxsenebi. wmida ninos mier mirian mefesTan gagzavnil werilSi, rogorc vnaxeT, weria: `Ãsenebulmca ars dedofali ege soji~ (Zeg-lebi 1964: 101); metafrasuli `cxovrebiT~ _ `Ãsenebulm-ca ars saukunod keTilTa Sina uflisaTa dedofali suji~ (Zeglebi 1971: 43); _ ar aris SeuZlebeli, rom wmida ninos werilSi, romelic mirian mefesTan, rogorc cnobaTa ur-

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TierTSejereba gvafiqrebinebs, _ salome ujarmels wau-Ria, salomeze wmida ninos mier Tqmuli locvis sityvebis boloSi dedoflis saxeli qaragmiT yofiliyo dawerili; teqstis gadamwerma ki qaragma sakuTar saxelad miiCnia da bodSi Casuli dedofali moixsenia ara rogorc `dedo-fali salome ujarmeli~, aramed, rogorc _ `dedofali suji~, _ da bodSi Casuli salome ujarmeli bodSi Casul sujid iqca... WeliSuri redaqciis, an misi winare teqstis damwers, Cans, wakiTxuli hqonda cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom bodSi netari ninos monaTxrobs salome ujarmeli da pe-roJavr sivnieli iwerdnen, igi im faqtis winaSe idga, rom wmida ninos monaTxrobs salome da peroJavri werdnen, amitom teqstis gadawerisas, vfiqrobT, faqti Seucvlia da viTareba ise warmousaxavs, TiTqos bodidan momaval `dedofal sujis~ salome ujarmeli da peroJavr sivnieli mcxeTaSi daxvedrian, Semdeg bodSi mirian mefesTan da sxvebTan erTad wasulan da wmida ninos monaTxrobi ase CauweriaT; sxvagvarad Zneli asaxsnelia, bodSi sneuli ni-nos mosavlelad myofi salome, vinc ninos avadmyofoba, revTan erTad, acnoba `mefesa da dedofalsa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 126), am teqstSi rogor warmodga mcxeTaSi myofad, romelsac sxvisgan Seutyia ninos sneulebis Ses-axeb; yovelive imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gadamweri `ninos cxovrebis~ iseTi teqstiT sargeblobda, romelSic didi siyvaruliT iyo laparaki bodidan mcxeTaSi werilis wa-momReb dedofalze da romelSic Semonaxuli iyo wmida ni-nos werili, sadac am werilis mcxeTaSi Camomtanis saxeli ewera aseTi formiT _ `suji~ (`s. uj.-i~)...

Cven zemoT yuradReba im garemoebaze gavamaxvileT, rom bodidan mcxeTaSi werilis Camotanis aseTi STambeWdavi epizodi, Tavad werili, ar Semoinaxa arc Satberdulma, arc leonti mroveliseulma `cxovrebam~. ratom moxda ase?

rogorc araerTgzis aRiniSna, wmida ninos monaTxrobs salome ujarmeli da peroJavr sivnieli iwerdnen. `mefeTa cxovrebas~ Tu verwmunebiT, eklesiaSi sakiTxavis Sesad-genad salome ujarmelis Canaweri gamouyenebiaT. wyaroe-bidan vxedavT, rom salome mxolod Camweria wmida ninos sityvisa, TviTon arafers gviambobs...

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rogorc vnaxeT, werilis wamoRebis epizodSi Zalian didi siyvaruliT aris laparaki dedofal `sujize~, naCve-nebia misi didi morwmuneoba, gambedaoba... SeiZleba Tu ara miviCnioT, TiTqos salome ujarmeli sakuTar Tavze Tvi-Ton werda, rom rwmenis simtkicis gamo ar SeuSinda mdin-ares da wyalSi saxedriT Sevida, rom, rwmeniT savse, fex-SiSveli misdevda etls da sxva. cxadia, ara! _ sakuTar RvTismosaobasa da did morwmuneobaze ar daiwyebda igi laparaks. radgan ̀ wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ ninos monaTxro-bis Camwerad peroJavr sivnielic aris dasaxelebuli, Cveni azriT, nagulisxmevia, rom nawarmoebSi am pirovnebis teqs-tic aris Semonaxuli. vfiqrobT, rom werilis wamoRebis is-toria peroJavr sivnielis dawerili unda iyos, rom bodSi ninoseuli Txrobis Cawerisas man isic dawera, Tu rogor gaatana ninom salomes werili mcxeTaSi, rwmenis rogori simtkice gamoiCina dedofalma salome ujarmelma.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Cans, adreul periodSi ar-sebula ori, _ erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli redaqcia `wmida ninos cxovrebisa~, romelTagan erT-erTSi ar iyo saubari bodidan mcxeTaSi weriliT momavali dedoflis Sesaxeb da meoreSi ki iyo amgvari cnobebi. vfiqrobT, SeiZ-leba imis garkveva, Tu rogor unda aRmocenebuliyo is ori uZvelesi redaqcia.

radgan wmida ninos cxovrebis aRmweri pirveli teqstebi salome ujarmelma da peroJavr sivnielma Seqmnes, CvenTvis sruliad cxadi xdeba, rom IV s-is qarTvelTa xelSi yofila ori teqsti, vityviT ase, _ momavali nawarmoebis (nawilo-briv _ saeklesio sakiTxavis) Sesaqmnelad momzadebuli ori saxis masala. rogorc leonti mrovelisagan irkve-va, nawarmoebis Sesaqmnelad ZiriTadad salomes teqsti gamouyenebiaT. rogorc Cans, salomes `redaqtorobiT~ Ca-moyalibebula iseTi redaqcia `wmida ninos cxovrebisa~, romelSic mcxeTaSi didmorwmune dedoflis wamosvlisa da wmida ninos werilis wamoRebis Sesa-xeb araferi ewera. im redaqciidan momdinareobs Satberduli `cxovreba~.

adreul periodSi Seqmnila meore redaqciac. isic sa-lomes teqstis safuZvelze SeudgeniaT. am meore redaq-cias pirvelisagan is ganasxvavebda, rom masSi peroJavris

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teqstebidanac SeutaniaT cnobebi, kerZod, _ wmida ninos werili da mcxeTaSi misi wamoRebis epizodi. swored im meo-re redaqciidan momdinareobs WeliSuri, Cans, aseve, _ si-nuri teqsti.

rogorc aRiniSna, WeliSuri `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ SesavalSi calkeuli epizodebi Sinagan, organul kavSir-Sia erTmaneTTan, vercerT epizodze ver vityviT, rom igi SesavalSi Semdgom aris Camatebuli; safiqrebelia, rom nawarmoebis Sesavali nawili mTlianad peroJavris dawe-rilia, uSualod salomeseuli teqsti ki Sesavlis Semdeg iwyeba: ìyo maT JamTa Sina, odes igi giorgi kabadukieli iwama~... im redaqciaSi, romelSic, rogorc Cans, salomes uSualo zegavleniT Seqmnila, peroJavris dawerili Sesav-lis nawili, Cans, Seitanes, magram am Sesavlidan salomes didmorwmuneobisa da mis mier werilis wamoRebis epizodi mTlianad amouRiaT.

Cans, ase Seqmnila ori uZvelesi redaqcia `wmida ninos cxovrebisa~.

Cvens xelT arsebuli Satberduli da WeliSuri teqste-bi im uZvelesi redaqciebidan Cans momdinare, Cvens winaSe, faqtiurad, ori uZvelesi redaqciaa. am redaqciebs Sem-dgomSi mcire cvlilebebi aqvs gancdili, magram saTanado muSaobis Semdeg SesaZlebeli iqneba mogviano periodis Canamatebisagan maTi ganwmeda; maTSi is ramdenime cnobac aRdgeba, rac `mefeTa cxovrebaSia~ SemorCenili. pero-Javris teqstidan gamoyenebuli masala, rac WeliSurma redaqciam Semogvinaxa, brwyinvalea, sabednierod, misi teqstidan gadarCenila erTi nawili... am teqstis nawili Semonaxulia agreTve ̀ wmida ninos cxovrebis~ sinur redaq-ciaSi, romelic farTo samecniero wreebisaTvis didi xani ar aris, rac cnobili gaxda (`moqcevaÁ~ 2007)...

xsenebul sakiTxebze amjerad sityvas aRar gavagr-ZelebT, daskvnis saxiT mxolod imas davZenT, rom, rogorc SemorCenili teqstebi migvaniSnebs, adreul periodSi ̀ wmi-da ninos cxovrebis~ ori redaqcia Seqmnila. isini Satber-dul-WeliSurma xelnawerebma Semogvinaxa, _ vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia maTTvis pirvandeli saxis dabruneba.

`wmida ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciaTa urTierTSejereba

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naTelyofs, Tu rogori yofila qarTvelTa mociqulze dawerili pirveli wignebi, vfiqrobT, adreul periodSi Seqmnila `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ ori, _ erTmaneTisagan garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli redaqcia, romelic Sat-berdul-WeliSur xelnawerebs Semounaxavs.

`wmida ninos cxovrebis~ Seqmna wmida ninos sicocx-leSive Cans dawyebuli, rogorc es miaCniaT revaz siraZes, mariam CxartiSvils, sxva mkvlevarebs....

qarTuli da araqarTuli, maT Soris, _ berZnul-laTinuri wyaroebi, naTlad mowmobs, rom qarTlis moqce-va wmida ninos saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli.

damowmebani:

adonci 1905: Адонц. Армения в эпоху Юстиниана, СПБ., 1905.atia 1955: Aziz Suryal Atiua. The Arabic Manusscripts of Mount Sinai, Baltimore,

1955. afciauri 1987: afciauri n. kavkasiaSi qristianobis gavrcelebis

wyaroTmcodneobiTi sakiTxebi (grigol ganmanaTleblis `cxovrebaTa~ ciklebi). Tb.: 1987.

axali varianti 1891: axali varianti wm. ninos cxovrebisa. gamocemu-li redaqtorobiT da winasityvaobiT eqvTime TayaiSvilisa. tf.: 1891.

baramiZe 2003: bramiZe r. qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan. kreb., lit-eraturuli Ziebani, XXIV, Tb.: 2003.

gariti 1946: Garitte. Gocuments pour l’etude du livre d’Agathange, Vatican: 1946.

georgika 1961: georgika. I, simon yauxCiSvili gamocema. Tb.: 1961.goilaZe 1991: goilaZe v. qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan Tb.: 1991.kekeliZe 1956: kekeliZe k. etiudebi.I, Tb.: 1956. kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I,

Tb.: 1980. kuli, bezaraSvili 2001: bezaraSvili q., kuli b. `mayvlovanis~ gage-

bisaTvis Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi. kreb. `literaturuli Ziebani~, XXI, Tb.: 2001.

kuWuxiZe 1999: kuWuxiZe g. kidev erTxel `wmida ninos cxovrebis da-TariRebisaTvis~, kreb., literaturuli Ziebani, XX, Tb.: 1999.

lebedevi 1905: Лебедев А. Сочинения. Т. М.: 1905.margvelaSvili 1981: margvelaSvili T. leqsikur-gramatikuli gan- T. leqsikur-gramatikuli gan-T. leqsikur-gramatikuli gan-. leqsikur-gramatikuli gan-leqsikur-gramatikuli gan--gramatikuli gan-gramatikuli gan- gan-gan-

martebani giorgi wereTlis àrabuli qrestomaTiisaTvis~. Tb.: 1981.mari 1905: Н. Марр, Крещение армиан, грузин, абхазов и аланов св. Григорием,

СПБ, 1905;`moqcevaÁ~ 2007: `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-is axladaRmoCenili sinuri

redaqciebi, gamosca da winasityvaoba daurTo zaza aleqsiZem, Tb.: 2007;narkvevebi 1973: saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, II, Tb.: 1973;

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siraZe 1987: siraZe r. wminda nino da deda ufali, qarTuli agiografia, Tb.: 1987.

siraZe 1989: siraZe r. wminda ninos cxovreba da dasawyisi qarTuli mwer-lobisa, _ J. ganTiadi, Tb.: 1989.

siraZe 1997: siraZe r. wminda ninos cxovreba da dasawyisi qarTuli ag-iografiisa. Tb.: 1999.

qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. simon yauxCiSvilis gamoc. I. Tb.: 1955.

qrestomaTia 1946: Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I, sol. yubaneiSvilis gamoc. Tb.: 1946.

RvalaZe 1985: RvalaZe l. semitologiuri Ziebani. II, `mecniereba~. Tb.: 1985.

CxartiSvili 1987: qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswav-lis problemebi. `cxoreba wmidisa ninoÁsi~. Tb.: 1987.

cxoreba... 1920: cxoreba wm. Ggrigol parTelisa. Ggamocemuli leon meli-qseTbegis mier. tf.: 1920.

Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. I, ilia abulaZis saerTo redaqciiT. Tb.: 1964.

Zeglebi 1971: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zaglebi, III, ilia abulaZis saerTo redaqciiT, Tb.: 1971.

xorenaci 1984: xorenaci m. somxeTis istoria. Zveli somxuridan Targmna, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo al. abdalaZem. Tb.: 1984;

javaxiSvili 1977: javaxiSvili i. Txzulebani Tormet tomadDDDDDDDDDDFFFFFFDD. VIII, Tb.: 1977.

javaxiSvili 1979: javaxiSvili i. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. I, Tb.: 1979. DDDDDD

Gocha Kuchukhidze

St. Nino and the Conversion to Christianity of Georgia

Summary

In the Arabic and Greek �ersions of the life of Grigori the Enlightener (texts are published by academician N.Marr and professor G.Garitte) the narration goes about the fact that royal powers of the Caucasian countries were converted to Christianity by the enlightener of Armenia St.Grigori. The paper deals with the study of the above stated versions. It has been stated that the parts of the texts of Arabic as well as Greek texts which deal with the visit of kings of Alans (in the Arabic text the Alans are mentioned, while in the Greek text –we ha�e Albans) Kartli and Lazika to Armenia - to St.Grigori and Thrdat King, their baptizing by St.Grigori, are not found in the earlier lists of Agathangel. Therefore we consider

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that these data are inserted as a result of the literary treatment of the later period. It has been shown that in the earlier lists it dealt with a visit of delegation of Georgian royal court for consideration of certain issues, which was later replaced by the note about a visit of the Georgian king to Armenia and his conversion by St.Grigori. It has been shown that in the original lists that part of the text dealt with the Albans and not Alans. The paper gives inserted places of Arabic sources.

The paper gives analyses of the notes from Arabic as well as Greek sources which deal with the visit of representatives of priesthood sent by St.Grigori to Alania (Albania), Kartli and Lazika. It was shown, that the persons sent by St.Grigori to the above stated countries did not belong to the leading church hierarchy of Albania, Kartli and Lazika churches, that they were only common preaching missionary similar to those who visited many countries of the world in that period. The Arabic and Greek sources do not provide us with the grounds to consider that the churches of Kartli, Albania or other Caucasian countries had ever been under the church cathedra of Armenia. The above given versions can not contradict the statement according to which the churches of Kartli, Lazika and Ar-menia were independent from the very beginning.

The attempt is to argue thet ST Ninos Life was written in the IV cen-tury by a group of authors.

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uwyebani

giorgi alibegaSvili, nino Jvania

ucxouri masalebi saqarTvelos moqcevis Sesaxeb

qarTuli eklesiis winaSe araerTgzis dasmula sakiTxi, Seqmniliyo iseTi `meZieblobiTi~ (nikoloz gulaberisZe) naSromi, romelSic Tavmoyrili iqneboda qarTuli Tu ucxoenovani istoriografiuli masalebi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sayurad-Reboa bizantiaSi moRvawe wm. efrem mciris Txzuleba ùw-yebaÁ mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moixseniebis~. masSi winaa wamoweuli ramdenime mniSv-nelovani sakiTxi saqarTvelos saeklesio istoriidan, romlebic gaaqtualurebuli iyo qveynis imdroindeli politikuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli mdgomareobiT. albaT, aseTi nawarmoebis Seqmnis aucilebloba bizan-tielTa garkveulma poziciamac ganapiroba. giorgi mciris Txzulebis _ `cxorebaÁ giorgi mTawmindelisaÁ~ _ mixed-viT, es damokidebuleba aseTi iyo: èklesiani da mRdelT-moZRuarni qarTlisani ara romlisa patriaqisa Ãelmwife-basa queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni wesni maT mier ganegebian da TÂT daisumen kaTalikosTa da ebiskoposTa. da ara samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTa-gani aravin misrul ars queyanasa maTsa. da jer-ars, raÁTa qalaqsa amas RmrTisasa da saydarsa mociqulTa Tavisasa daemorCilnen da amissa Ãelmwifebasa queSe iyvnen. rameTu naTesavi ars umecari da samwysoÁ mcire; da Cuenda maxlo-belad arian da jer-ars, raÁTa Ãelmwifebasa qveSe antio-qeli patreaqisasa imwysebodin da aqa ikurTxeodis kaTa-likozi maTi da viyvneT Cuen erT samwyso da erT mwyems~ (abulaZe 1967:152)

bizantielTa aseTma poziciam gamoiwvia is, rom ùwye-baÁSi~ ganxilulia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis mravali mniSv-nelovani sakiTxi.

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wm. efremis naSromi Seiqmna ioane-kvirikes davalebiT /`sulieri mamaÁ Cueni da patiosani eklesiarxi Cueni~/, `raÁTa weriT daidvas mas Sina mosaÃsenebeli odes mo-qcevisa CuenisaÁ~; wm. efrem mcirem ùwyebaÁ~ dawera bi-zantiur-antioqiuri wyaroebis gamoZiebiT; am cnobaTa mixedviT, wm. efremi saqarTveloSi mosul mociqulTagan asaxelebs andria pirvelwodebuls /masze adre wm. giorgi mTawmindelma gamoiyena cnoba andrias mimosvlaze bizan-tiaSi petre III-sTan kamaTisas/, romelmac iqadaga qristes moZRvreba afxazeTSi da barTlomes, – romelmac moiara CrdiloeTi, `romel ars qarTli~; erovnuli ganmanaTleb-lebidan wminda ninos garda, vinc tradiciulad aRmosav-leT saqarTvelos momaqcevrad iTvleba, aseve berZnuli monacemebiT, wm. efremi asaxelebs evfratas, naTesaviT afxazs, romelic ufro samonastro mSeneblobis saqmes eweoda dasavleT saqarTveloSi; wm. efremis azriT, Ta-naxmad tradiciisa, qarTlis moqceva moxda wm. konstan-tine mefis dros; igi exeba aseve saqarTvelosTvis mironis miniWebisa da kaTolikos-mTavarepiskoposis kurTxevis uflebis mopovebis sakiTxs da mwvaleblobasac, romelsac Tavi uCenia saqarTveloSi XI s-is 40-ian wlebSi; dabolos, wm. efremi xazs usvams, rom qarTul eklesias avtokefalia miniWebuli aqvs antioqiis sapatriarqosagan.

saqarTvelos moqcevis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo cnobebi gvxvdeba sxvadasxva ucxoeli avtoris TxzulebebSi. zogi-erTi maTgani imeorebs Tavis winamorbedTa monacemebs, ma-gram es ar aris mTavari. arsebiTia is, rom am avtorTa erTi nawili IV-V saukuneebis moRvaweni arian da, amdenad, maT mniSvnelovani cnobebi aqvT aRniSnuli periodis saqarT-veloSi momxdar kulturul-istoriul cvlilebebze, icnoben im tradiciebs, romlebic asaxulia `wminda ni-nos cxovrebaSi~. wm. ninos mier saqarTvelos moqcevas wm. efrem mcire exeba mxolod im kuTxiT, romelic cnobilia berZnul-antioqiuri wyaroebiT da faqtobrivad romli-Tac unda wardgeniliyo Cveni eklesia sakuTari uflebebis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi.

wm. efrem mciris mier mopovebul am cnobaTa zogierTi monacemi imdenad miRebuli iyo imdroindel bizantiaSi,

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rom Sesulia svidas enciklopediur leqsikonSic, iq, sa-dac saubaria dedofal elenesa da iberebze: elene de-dofali, deda konstantine didisa ... konstantine didis dros moi-naTlnen Sinagani indebi /igulisxmebian eTio-pelebi, g.a./, iberebi da armenielebi (yauxCiSvili 1941: 317-318). rogorc imanuel bekeris mier gamocemul svidas leqsikonSia miTiTebuli, es cnoba modis sokrate sqo-lastikosis “saeklesio istoriidan”. igive Zunwi cnoba saqarTvelos gaqristianebaze gvxvdeba svidas winamorbe-di avtoris – giorgi amartolis /IX s./ `qronografSic~, Tumca es istorikosi asaxelebs im periodis somexTa mef-esa da maT ganmanaTle-bels: “am netari konstantines dros wminda naTlisReba miiRes agreTve Sinaganma indebma da ib-erielebma. somxebmac srulad irwmunes qriste Tavis mef-esTan tiridatesTan erTad maTi Rvawlmravali mowamisa da mTavarepiskoposis didi grigolis meSveobiT” (yaux-CiSvili 1941: 311). Zvel qarTul TargmanSi weria: `rameTu amis netarisa mefisaze uSinaganesi hindoni da qarTvelni mouxdes saRrmTosa naTlisRebasa, da somexTa sruliad hrwmena tiridatis Tana mefisa maTisa Ruawlmravlisa mier mowamisa da mTavarepiskoposisa maTisa didisa grigo-lissa~ (yauxCiSvili 1920: 262-263).

ase rom, saqarTvelos moqceva wm. konstantine didis /324-337 ww./ dros dadasturebulia or iseT mniSvnelovan ZeglSi, rogorebicaa giorgi amartolis `qronografi~ da svidas enciklopediuri leqsikoni.

qarTvelebis Tanadroulad somxebis moqcevas exeba IV saukunis istorikosi agaTangelosic: `tiridati mefe de-dofal asxenasTan erTad, tomTa mTavrebTan da gvarTa-mTavrebTan erTad wminda grigolis Sesaxvedrad wavida... TviTon grigoli dros atarebda locva-vedrebaSi da cremlTa RvraSi, loculobda, rom xalxi darCeniliyo maT mier miRebul sarwmunoebaze... afuZnebda eklesiebs... zogierTebs gzavnida iberTa qveyanaSi, zogs lazTa qveya-naSi...~ (gamyreliZe, yauxCiSvili 1961: 71). “lazTa qveyana-Si gagzavna sofroni, romelic mRvdlad iyo kapadokiaSi” (gamyreliZe, yauxCiSvili 1961: 72-73).

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rogorc vxedavT, aq araa saubari im pirze, vinc grigol ganmanaTlebelma gamogzavna iberiaSi. samagierod, dasaxe-lebulia vinme mRvdeli sofroni, romelic mosula wminda grigolTan erTad da Semdgom gaigzavna lazTa qveyanaSi.

movses xorenaci, V s-is somexi istorikosi, rogorc Tavad SeniSnavs, iyenebs agaTangelosis cnobebs (Tumca am cnobebTan dakavSirebiT azrTa sxvaobaa. ix.: xorenaci 1984: 279-280; agreTve, CxartiSvili 1987: 23, 26-27). movsesi, amasTanave, aris pirveli somxur istoriografiaSi, vinc qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli mociqulTaTanasworad moix-senia (CxartiSvili 1987: 28; amasve imeorebs X s-is somexi istorikosi uxtanesi, rodesac wm. SuSaniks adarebs wm. ni-nos. ix. uxtanesi 1987: 1975).

gamovyofT ZiriTad monacemebs xorenacis naSromidan `somxeTis istoria~:

1. saTauri: `sanatreli nunesa da imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gaxda igi qarTvelTa xsnis mizezi~. movsesi saTaurSive saxeliT ixseniebs wm. ninos da Tvlis mas rifsimeanTa amxanagad;

2. mcxeTaSi damkvidrebulma nunem iswavla mkurnaloba da moarCina qarTvelTa winamZRolis – mirianis colic;

3. mirianma gamoikiTxa, Tu rogor sCadis nune aseT saoc-rebebs, man ki qristes saxarebis qadagebiT upasuxa. miri-ani mouyva amis Sesaxeb Tavis naxararebs da arc qeba dai-Sura. amis Semdeg Seityo, Tu ra SeemTxva somxeTSi mefes, agreTve, nunes amxanagebs da gamohkiTxa yovelive;

4. movsesis cnobiT, sanadirod wasul mirians TvalT ki ar daubnelda, aramed nisli Camowva. SeSinebuls moagonda Trdatis ambavi da piroba dado, rom Tayvans scemda nunes RmerTs.

5. nunem gagzavna sando kacebi grigolTan, raTa gaego, Tu rogor moqceuliyo. man miiRo brZaneba, rom moespo kerpebi da aRemarTa jvari manam, vidre mwyemsi winamZR-vari dainiSneboda. ninom mospo Weqa-quxilis momvline-beli aramazdis qandakeba;

6. didebulebi winaRudgnen nunes – maT ar icodnen, kerpTa nacvlad visTvis ecaT Tayvani. nunes miTiTebiT, aRmarTes jvari qalaqis aRmosavleTiT;

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7. umravlesobam gaTlili xe arafrad Caagdo. RmerTma moavlina Rrublis sveti, mTa aivso saamo surnelebiT, mo-ismoda mgalobelTa xma, amobrwyinda jvris xis msgavsi sxi-vi Tormeti varskvlaviT, ris Semdegac yvelam Tayvani sca jvars, romelic saswaulebrivad kurnavda kidec xalxs.

8. sanatreli nune wavida sxva kuTxeTa dasamoZRvradac. mas ar hqonda araviTari samkauli. igi jvars ecva, saqmiT daadastura RvTis sityva da sisxlis gvirgvini moipova;

9. movses xorenaci fiqrobs /`gavbedav vTqva...~/, rom nune mociquli gaxda. man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTi-dan alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde (xorenaci 1984: 170-172).

movses xorenacis am monacemebis mixedviT, gamoiyofa ramdenime movlena, romlebic gansxvavebuladaa warmod-genili qarTul masalebSi. isic unda SeiniSnos, rom es monacemebi saxismetyvelebiTadacaa gaazrebuli. movses xorenacis TxzulebaSi simbolikiTaa datvirTuli ara mxolod saxeebi, aramed istoriuli ambebic. esenia: wm. nune _ rifsimeanTa amxanagi, wm. nune _ mkurnali, mirianis colis gankurneba, mzis dabneleba Tu nislis Camowola, aramazdis kerpis mospoba, jvris aRmarTva, wm. nune – mo-ciqulTa Tanaswori da sxv. esaa erTiani semantikuri veli, romelic Seqmnilia wm. ninos saxis irgvliv ara marto som-xuri, aramed, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, bizantiur-an-tioqiuri wyaroebis mixedviTac.

imasac davumatebdiT, rom movses xorenaciseuli wm. ni-nos moRvaweobis somxuri versiis amosavalia adgilobrivi redaqcia, kerZod, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ tipis Zegli.

leon gramatikosic /XI s-is qronografosi/ miiCnevs, rom konstantines dros gaqristiandnen iberielebica da armenielebic, romelTac dasabami miiRes tiridatesagan, parTelTa STamomavlisagan (yauxCiSvili 1963: 4). igi saub-robs, agreTve, iseve rogorc giorgi amartoli da svida, “Sinagan” indebzec anu eTiopelebze. ase rom, samive am av-toris cnobaTa wyaro erTia.

dasavleT saqarTvelos gaqristianebas, ufro zustad, dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis ganmt-kicebas, agaTangelosis garda, exebian Semdegi bizantieli

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moRvaweebi: priske panioneli, prokopi kesarieli, evagri sqolastikosi, nikifore qsanTopulosi (gansaxilveli bizantieli avtorebidan nikifore qsanTopulosi erTad-erTia, romelic exeba iberiis moqcevasac/, ioane zonara. afxazTa RvTismosaobas aRniSnavs Teodosi gangreli, xolo nikifore kaliste sargeblobs, iseve rogorc niki-fore qsanTopulosi, prokopi kesarielis cnobebiT (yaux-CiSvili 1965: 134)

is monakveTi ̀ uwyebaÁdan~, romelSic wm. efrem mcire exe-ba afxazeTSi sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebas, iwyeba ase: `xolo afxazTaTÂs evagre epifanesi saeklesiosa moTxrobasa Sina TÂssa aRwers ocdameoresa Tavsa Sina da ityÂs esreT...~ (efrem mcire 1959: 11). im periodisaTvis, rodesac iwere-boda ùwyebaÁ~, dasavleTi saqarTvelo administraciul-eklesiurad konstantinopolis kaTedras aRar eqvemde-bareboda. ukve X s-is dasawyisidan dasavleTi saqarTvelos eparqia ar ixsenieba bizantiur ekTesisebSi _ saeklesio kaTedraTa nusxebSi(yauxCiSvili 1967: 123); ase rom, dasav-leTi saqarTvelos eklesia ukve mcxeTasTanaa dakavSire-buli da, amdenad, ioane kvirikesac da wm. efrem mciresac ainteresebT saqarTvelos am mxareSi qristianobis ganmt-kicebis cnobebi berZnuli wyaroebis mixedviT, raTa qarT-velTa moqcevisa da qristianobis ganmtkicebis istoria erT mTlianobaSi yofiliyo warmodgenili.

ramdenadac es cnobebi ar aris didi moculobisa, moviy-vanT srulad wm. efrem mciris ùwyebaÁdan~: `maTve JamTa Sina iustinianes mefobisaTa afxaznica Seicvalnes um-jobesad da qristianobisa Seiwynares qadagebaÁ. rameTu palatsa Sina iustiniane mefisasa iyo vinme saWurisi, afxa-zi naTesaviT da evfrata saxelisdebiT, romeli warivlina mefisa mier qadagebad maTda da aRTqumad, viTarmed amie-riTgan arca erTiRa vin naTesavisa maTisagani ganxuebul iqmnes mamakacobisagan rkinisa mier iZulebiTa bunebisaÁ-Ta, rameTu mravalni iyvnes maTganni msaxur sameufoÁsa sawolisa, romelTaÁ saWuris icis wodebaÁ Cueulebaman. vinaÁca iustiniane taZari wmidisa RmrTismSoblisaÁ aRa-Sena afxazeTsa Sina da mRdelni daadginna mas Sina, raTa ugancxadebulesad aswavebdnen Sjulsa qristianobisasa~

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(efrem mcire 1959: 11)iustiniane I mefobda 527-565 wlebSi; ase rom, aq sauba-

ria dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianobis ganmtkicebaze da ara afxazTa moqcevaze, radgan qristianoba ukve IV sau-kuneSi arsebobda dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rasac mowmobs is cnobili faqti, rom nikeis pirvel msoflio krebaSi 325 wels monawileobda stratofile, biWvinTis episkoposi; amasve miuTiTebs, agreTve, samonastro taZrebis ageba af-xazeTSi VI s-Si. am periodSive aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic farTod iSleba samSeneblo saqmianoba. sayuradReboa, rom imave iustinianes ganuaxlebia iberTa monasteri ieru-salimSi, romelic, k. kekeliZis azriT, SesaZlebelia, pet-re maiumelis cxovrebaSi moxseniebuli monasteri iyos (kekeliZe 1980: 89), da lazTa monasteri ierusalimis udab-noSi (yauxCiSvili 1965: 223).

prokopi kesarieli /VI s./ (yauxCiSvili 1965: 134-135), evagri epifanieli anu sqolastikosi /VI s./ (yauxCiSvili 1936: 297) da ioane zonara /XI-XII ss./ (yauxCiSvili 1966: 229-230) afxazeTSi qristianobis Sesaxeb saubrisas erTi da ima-ve masaliT sargebloben, ufro zustad, prokopis cnobebi aqvT gamoyenebuli evagri epifanielsa da ioane zonaras. rac Seexeba nikifore qsanTopuloss /igi konstantinopo-lis patriarqi iyo 1350-1353 da filoTeos kokinosis Sem-deg xelmeored 1355-1363 ww-Si/, isic prokopis Txzulebas iyenebs, rasac Tavadve aRniSnavs: `/prokopi/ mogviTxrobs, rom maSin abazgebma airCies qristianTa moZRvreba, da Tavi-anTi cxovreba ufro umjobesad gardaqmnes. da erTi evnuqi gaugzavna maT isutinianem, saxelad evfrata, maTive tomi-sa; mas unda aekrZala, rom amieridan aravisTvis waerTmiaT mamakacoba, ar unda exmaraT rkina, amisTvis sikvdiliT dasja iyo gankuTvnili. da metwilad imaTgan, vinc samefo sawol oTaxebSi msaxuroben, romelTac Cveulebriv evnu-xebs vuwodebT, swored am tomis kacTagan arian dayenebul-ni. maSin iustinianemac RvTismSoblis saxelobaze taZari aago abazgTa qveyanaSi, romelic gamoirCeoda silamaziTa da sididiT, da rogorc mRvdlebi, ise sxva yvelaferi, rac sarwmunoebas exeba, mSvenivrad moawyo, amitomac aris, rom maTSi qristianuli dogmatebi zedmiwevniT sruldeba~

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(yauxCiSvili 1967: 117).rogorc davinaxeT, dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianu-

li religiis Sesaxeb bizantiel avtorTa TxzulebebSi sakmaod Zunwi uwyebani moipoveba. vfiqrobT, CvenTvis amosavali unda iyos prokopi kesarielis cnobebi, radgan sxva istorikosebi am avtors eyrdnobian; amasTanave, sagu-lisxmoa is faqtic, rom swored prokopi SeniSnavs, iustin-ianem ganaaxla /da ara aaSena an daaarsa/ iberTa monasteri ierusalimSi da lazTa monasteri ierusalimis udabnoSio. ase rom, prokopis cnoba – abazgebma `miiRes saqristiano rwmena da iustiniane mefem maT palatis erTi evnuqTagani gaugzavnao~, – exeba sarwmunoebis gavrceleba – ganmt-kicebasa da monastris aSenebas da ara qristianobis miRe-bas. am azrs amyarebs agaTangelosis zemomotanili cnobac, grigol ganmanaTlebelma samRvdeloebis warmomadgenle-bi gagzavna lazTa qveyanaSio, rac gulisxmobs, rom es IV s.-Si momxdara.

zemoCamoTvlil bizantiel avtorTa cnobebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianobis ganmtkicebis Sesaxeb mxo-lod istoriografiuli xasiaTisaa. sayuradReboa, rom es uwyebani qarTul mwerlobaSic asevea gadasuli, mxatvru-lad ar gadamuSavebula da arc originaluri Txzuleba dawerila.

rac Seexeba iberiis moqcevas, am Temaze saubrisas wm. efrem mcire, rogorc cnobilia, sargeblobs Teodorite kvirelis /393-457/8 w./ naSromiT. savaraudebelia, rom iberiis moqcevis Sesaxeb Teodorites, romelic 423 wlis axlo xanebSi antioqiasTan mdebare qalaq kviris episko-posi iyo, xelT unda hqonoda swored antioqiaSi daculi cnobebi. wm. efrem mciris mier ùwyebaÁSi~ maincdamainc Teodorites Txzulebis gamoyeneba imas miuTiTebs, rom aqcenti gakeTebulia qarTuli eklesiis antioqiur ekle-siasTan kavSirze, ris warmoCenac ganapiroba im periodSi saqarTvelos bizantiasTan politikur da kulturul sar-bielze dapirispirebam.

am sakiTxs Teodorites garda mimoixilaven gelasi ke-sarieli /IV s./, rufinusi /IV-V ss./, sokrate sqolastiko-si /daax. 380-440 ww./, ermia sozomene /IV-V ss./, Teofane

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JamTaaRmwereli (daax. 760-818 ww./ (yauxCiSvili 1941: 75), rogorc aRvniSneT, nikifore qsanTopulosi /XIV s./ da laonike xalkokondile /XV s./ (yauxCiSvili 1970: 92). es av-torebi umTavresad iyeneben gelasi kesarielis cnobebs.

gelasi kesarieli, rufinusi, sokrate sqolastikosi, Teodorite kvireli, ermia sozomene da nikifore qsan-Topulosi sargebloben daaxloebiT msgavsi werilobiTi da zepiri wyaroebiT. am avtorTa uwyebaTagan yvelaze met sxvaobas Teodorites cnobebi amJRavnebs.

sxva mweralTagan gansxvavebiT, Teodorite kvireli arafers ambobs imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom tyve-qalma Ta-visi locviT miiqcia yvelas yuradReba; xolo qalebi ma-makacebze met mondomebas iCenen qristianobis danergvis saqmeSi. gavixsenoT `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ personaJebi: si-donia, SroSana, anasto, damowafebuli ̀ dedani~, nana dedo-fali, salome. Teodorites garda, yvela avtori acxadebs, rom mefes nadirobisas burusiT, nisliT Camowolilma wyvdiadma ar misca tyidan gamosvlis saSualeba, mxolod Teodorite SeniSnavs, rom am dros mefis amalis yvela wevri `Cveulebriv sargeblobda mzis SuqiT~, mxolod mefe iyo ùxedvelobis borkilebiT~ Sepyrobilio. Teodorite ar icnobs svetis aRmarTvis tradicias, romelsac exebian berZeni avtorebi, xolo qarTul wyaroebSi mas erT-erTi centraluri adgili ukavia. garda amisa, Teodorites TxzulebaSi araa dasaxelebuli “friad sarwmuno” bakuri, vis saxelsac ukavSirdeba am cnobaTa gadmocema.

esaa is ZiriTadi sxvaobani, romlebsac amJRavnebs Teo-dorites Txzuleba sxva berZen avtorTa naSromebSi dacul uwyebebTan mimarTebiT. isic unda iTqvas, rom Teodori-te avlebs paralelebs bibliur saxeebTan: mefeze wers, `kacTmoyvare ufalma inadira masze msgavsad pavlesi~, xolo tyve-qalze ki – `vinc beselieli xuroTmoZRvruli sibrZniT aRavso, iman es qalic Rirsyo madlis miniWebisa, raTa aRewera RvTis taZris saxe~ (yauxCiSvili 1961: 212). /sagulisxmoa, rom amave Sedarebas iyenebs nikoloz gula-berisZe `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSi~/ (sabinini 1882: 87-88). berZen avtorTagan mxolod nikifore wers, dedofali uCiCinebda mefes da unergavda lamaz cdunebas sawinaaRm-

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degod evas cdunebisao(yauxCiSvili 1967: 102).iberiis moqcevasTan dakavSirebuli kulturul-isto-

riuli sakiTxebi zemoCamoTvlil ucxoel avtorTa mier ZiriTadad asea aqcentirebuli: iberiaSi qristianoba iqadaga `tyve-qalma~; Tavisi misiis ganxorcieleba man da-iwyo sneulTa gankurnebiT, romlis drosac uwamla iberTa mefis /mTavris/ colsac; xelmwifis moqceva moxda nadi-robisas; qristes sarwmunoebis Zliereba tyve-qalma gansa-kuTrebiT svetis saswaulisas cxadyo; daxmarebis saTxov-nelad iberebma mociqulebi gaugzavnes wm. konstantine dids. TiToeuli es movlena met-naklebad exmianeba mov-ses xorenacis TxzulebaSi dacul cnobebs, xolo qarTul mwerlobaSi Taviseburi mxatvruli da kulturul-isto-riuli elferiTaa Semosili. marTalia, Teodorite kvire-lis da, aqedan, wm. efremis TxzulebaSic zogierTi CamoTv-lili movlena ar aris moxseniebuli, magram is, rac ki aris, sakmarisia imisaTvis, raTa vimsjeloT saerTo tendencieb-sa da tradiciebze, romlebic miemarTeba da ukavSirdeba iberiis moqcevas qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT da romelTa axsna saWiroa ara mxolod kulturul-istoriuli “siu-Jetis” TvalsazrisiT, aramed simboluri mniSvnelobis niSanTa Ziebis aspeqtiTac. esaa sqema – modeli, rac `wm. ni-nos cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva redaqciis paradigmul saxeTa safuZvlad iqca.

rogorc zemoT davinaxeT, movses xorenaci xazgasmiT miuTiTebs qarTlis gaqristianebis kavSirze somxeTTan, berZeni avtorebi – gelasi, rufinusi, sokrate sqolas-tikosi, ermia sozomene da sxvani iberiaSi qristiano-bis gavrcelebis konstantinopolur damokidebulebaze msjeloben, xolo wm. efrem mcire da Semdgom ̀ sveticxovlis sakiTxavis” avtori nikoloz gulaberisZe, iseve rogorc sxva qarTveli moRvaweni, konstantinopolur-antioqiur damokidebulebas miiCneven yvelaze marTebulad, rac, rogorc Cans, ufro misaRebi iyo qarTuli eklesiisaTvis da aseTi formulireba mieca: momaqcevari qarTvelia, sar-wmunoebis ganmtkiceba moxda konstantine didis daxmare-biT, avtokefalia ki mogveniWa antioqiisagan.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, safuZveli

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gvaqvs vifiqroT: Teodorite kvirels, romlis Txzulebi-Tac saqarTvelos saeklesio sakiTxebis kvlevisas isargeb-la wm. efrem mcirem, xelT unda hqonoda ramdenadme gansx-vavebuli cnobebi, bizantiuri ìberTa moqcevis~ teqstis tipis erTgvari versia.

rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier qristiano-bis qadagebis tradicias: am sakiTxs exebian evsevi kesari-eli /daaxl. 260-340 ww./, `saeklesio istoriis~ mama, da epifane konstantinopoleli /moRvaweobda VIII s-is meore naxevarSi/ _ avtori àndrias cxovrebisa~, romelSic igi acxadebs, rom ar dakmayofilda werilobiTi wyaroe-bis /klimenti romaelis, evagre sicilielisa da epifane kviprelis/ gamoyenebiT da moiara zogierTi is adgili, sa-dac andria mociquli moRvaweobda (yauxCiSvili 1970: 92).

evsevi kesarieli wers: `rodesac Cveni macxovris wminda mociqulebi da mowafeebi mTel msoflioSi gaifantnen, Tomas, rogorc gadmocema gviambobs, parTia xvda wilad, andrias – skviTiao~ (yauxCiSvili 1970: 92). faqtobrivad imaves imeorebs andrias Sesaxeb epifane konstantino-polelic, oRondac am mociqulis mier movlil mxareebs dawvrilebiT CamoTvlis: `kviprosis episkoposi epifane ambobs, gadmocemis mixedviT, netarma mociqulma andriam damoZRvra skviTebi da sogdianebi da gorsinebi dids se-bastopolisSi, sadac aris afsaris cixe, hissos navsadguri da mdinare fazisi. iq mosaxleoben iberielebi, susebi, fustelebi da alanebi~. rogorc vxedavT, andrias mimosv-lis are sakmaod farToa. amaze metyvelebs epifanes sxva cnobac: andria `mivida trapezuntSi, lazikis qalaqSio... iqidan is wavida iberiaSi~, ris Semdegac igi Cadis ierusa-limSi. cota qvemoT istorikosi kvlav SeniSnavs, rom `si-moni da andria wavidnen alaniaSi da qalaq fustaSi, maT mravali saswauli moaxdines iq, mravalni damoZRvres da wavidnen abazgiaSi. dids sebastopolisSi rom Cavidnen, iqadages RmrTis sityva. andriam dastova iq simoni da mowa-feebiTurT wavida jiqeTSio~ (yauxCiSvili 1970: 58-59). es aris is mwiri cnobebi, romlebic daculia zogierTi bizan-tieli avtoris TxzulebebSi.

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wm. efrem mcire zemoxsenebuli mociqulebidan asaxe-lebs andrias, xolo, Tavis mxriv, rogorc Cans, sakuTriv mopovebuli wyaroebiT, andriasTan erTad moixseniebs barTlomes: `raJams winaswarmetyuelebisaebr daviTissa yovelsa queyanasa ganxda xma maTi da kideTa soflisaTa si-tyuani maTni, erTad kideTa amaTganad iTqumis CuenTÂsca mimoslvasa Sina wmidaTa mociqulTasa andria pirvelwode-bulisa mier qadagebaÁ Soris avazgiaÁsa, romel ars afxa-zeTi. da mier warvlai oseTad, da kualad barTlomes mier mimovlaÁ CrdiloeTisaÁ, romel ars qarTli~ (efrem mcire 1959: 8). wm. efrem mcire ar asaxelebs Tavis wyaros, magram, cxadia, iyenebs iseT masalas, romelic bizantiel avtor-TaTvis, vTqvaT, imave epifanesTvis, misaRebi iyo. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom epifane erTgan wers: “pantekostis /suliwmindis mofenis/ Semdeg andria, simon kananeli, maTe da Tadeozi darCnen iq avgarosTan; danarCenebma ki moiares qalaqebi, iqadages da saswaulebi moaxdines, da Cavidnen iberiaSi da fazisSi” (yauxCiSvili 1941: 58). ra Tqma unda, bolo winadadebiT gaurkvevelia, Tu vin sad iqadaga qristes moZRvreba, magram, Cans, konkretuli wya-ros mixedviT, barTlomes saxels ukavSirdeboda `Crdi-loeTis, romel ars qarTli~, moqceva.

Cven gverds vuvliT im sakiTxebs, Tu sxva avtorebTan rogoria mociqulTa mier saqarTvelos moqcevis tradi-cia da arc am problemisadmi miZRvnil gamokvlevebs Se-vexebiT. vfiqrobT, arsebiTia is faqti, rom im droisaT-vis, rodesac wm. efrem mcire werda Tavis ùwyebaÁs~, am sakiTxis gadmocema aseTi SekumSuli formiT, fiqsirebiT, mSralad, SesaZleblad iqna miCneuli. amis Semdeg ukve wi-naa wamoweuli erovnuli ganmanaTleblis – wm. ninos moR-vaweoba isev bizantiuri wyaroebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

wminda ninos saxe gansakuTrebulobis niSniTaa mocemu-li kaTolikos nikoloz gulaberisZis /1150-1178 ww./ naS-romSic `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~. masSi sagangebod aris gaanalizebuli yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa da wminda ninos saxeebi, maTi roli saqarTvelos gaqristianebaSi, mocemulia aseve tradiciul-qristianul saxeTa modeli-reba da qarTul reliqviaTa mniSvnelobis Sejameba, ris

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saWiroebac istoriulad Tamaris epoqam ganapiroba. wm. efrem mcire mociqulTa Semdeg saqarTveloSi

qristes sarwmunoebis xelaxlad qadagebis mizezad asaxe-lebs imas, rom ̀ daipyrna RuarZlman mekerpeTaman ara xolo Cuen Soris, aramed TviT berZenTaca Soris vidre JamTadme meored pavled zeciT wodebulisa didisa kostantinesTa~, ris Semdegac àmis keTilad msaxurisa mefisa JamTa RmerT-man, romelman didTa da mravalTeslTa tomTaTvis izruna, arca Cuen mcireni dagviteva uRuawad, aramed esreT ganago kualad aRmowodebaÁ Cueni~ (efrem mcire 1959: 8). amas mos-devs tyve-qalis iberiaSi yofnis istoria da afxazTa um-jobesad `Secvalebis~ ambavi iustinianes dros. nikoloz gulaberisZes wminda ninos saxe da masTan dakavSirebuli tradiciebi /maT Soris wm. efrem mciris ùwyebaÁSi~ da-culic/ ainteresebs sruliad sxva kuTxiT, kerZod, im mimarTebiT, romelic gaamyarebda Tamaris avtoritets. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XII s-is avtoris es Txzuleba aris sakralur-politikuri mniSvnelobis traqtati, radgan masSi Sejamebulia erovnul-religiuri saxe-simboloebi. imasac SevniSnavT, rom `sakiTxavSi~ Setanili “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ”@ aris leonti mrovelis TxzulebaSi mocemuli Sesabamisi ambis modificirebuli varianti.

rac Seexeba cnobebs, romlebic daculia imave epoqis bizantieli avtorebis - Teodore balsamonisa da maTe blastaseris TxzulebebSi qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-faliis Taobaze.

Teodore balsamoni XII s-is moRvawea, ganaTlebiT iyo iuristi, patriarqis mTavari mrCeveli, xolo 1185-1191 ww-Si antioqiis patriarqi. misi mTavari naSromia XIV titu-lis `sjulis kanonis~ komentari, dawerili keisar manuil I komnenosisa /1143-1180 ww./ da konstantinopolis patriarq mixeil III anxialosis /1170-1178 ww./ rCeviT. am Sromas igi mTeli Tavisi sicocxlis manZilze amuSavebda. konstanti-nopolis II msoflio krebis /383 w./ meore kanonis ganmarte-bisas Teodore saubrobs iberiis eklesiis avtokefaliaze. igi wers: `nu gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi avtoke-falurad, rogorc, magaliTad, bulgareTis eklesias, kviprosisas da iberiisas... iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi

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aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam. amboben, rom maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis uwmindes pat-riarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna krebis dadge-nileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis pat-riarqs~ (yauxCiSvili 1970: 17- 18).

maTe blastaseris /XIV s./ cnobebis wyaro igivea, rasac iyenebs Teodore balsamoni, ase rom, mas Cven aq aRar moviy-vanT, Tumca unda SevniSnoT, rom es avtori ar moixseniebs petre patriarqs (yauxCiSvili 1970: 119- 120).

wm. efrem mcire am sakiTxze msjelobisas xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom cnobebi, ̀ Tu odes iwyes TÂiT / qarTvelebma, g.a.) xelTdasxmad da viTarmed ara TÂnier wesisa da brZane-bisa~, movipove “xronoRrafsa Sina antioqias aRwerilsao” (efrem mcire 1959: 8).

ase rom, samive avtoris wyaro momdinareobs antioqiis sapatriarqoSi daculi dokumentebidan. gamovyofT Ziri-Tad monacemebs:

1. iberiis arqiepiskoposi ekurTxa antioqiis krebis dadgenilebiT /Teodore balsamoni, maTe blastaseri/;

2. petre antioqiis patriarqis dros gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom iberiis eklesia yofiliyo Tavi-sufali da avtokefaluri /Teodore balsamoni/;

3. iberiis eklesia im periodSi eqvemdebareboda antio-qiis patriarqs /Teodore balsamoni, maTe blastaseri/.

gasarkvevia, Tu rodis dadginda sabolood iberi-is eklesiis avtokefaluroba: petre patriarqis dros, romelic antioqiis patriarqi iyo 1053-1057 ww.-Si, Tu ro-meliRac sxva krebaze, antioqiaSi rom Catarda. e. honigmani eWvs gamoTqvamda, Tu vis gulisxmobda Teodore balsamo-ni: petre mkawvrels Tu petre III-s (yauxCiSvili 1970: 18).

martvilis xelnawerebSi daculia erTi Txzuleba, rom-lis saTauria `sityvis-gebaÁ laTinTa mimarT Cuen marTl-madidebelTa mier~. teqsti ase mTavrdeba: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina konstantinepolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wminda meequse krebasa / 680 w./ kons-tantine poRonatisasa /668-685 ww./, da aRaTon romTa pa-pisasa /678-681 ww./, giorgi konstantinepolisasa /679-686

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ww./ da Teofane antioqelisasa /681-685 ww./ da maT Tana asocdaaTTa mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamaTmTavrad da Tavisuflad da uflad yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa, da merme kvaladve krebasa Sina antio-qiisasa ganTavisuflda da ganpatiosnda, rameTu arRara-visgan xelqveS ars, aramed Tavisufali da mamamTavari ars~ (TayaiSvili 1913-1914: 117).

rogorc Cans, XI s.-is Sua wlebSi antioqiis patriarqis petre III-is dros kvlav aRZrula sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis Sesaxeb da sakiTxi gadawyve-tila antioqiis krebaze saqarTvelos sasargeblod, rac dasturdeba Teodore balsamonis zemomoyvanili cnobiT (yauxCiSvili 1970: 19).

rogorc iTqva, wm. efrem mcire xazgasmiT miuTiTebs, rom igi “xelT dasxmisa da mironis kurTxevis” uflebis miniWe-baze saubrisas sargeblobs antioqiuri qronografiT. T. bregaZe wers: nikon SavmTels `qarTvelTa moqcevis Sesaxeb igive masala gamouyenebia, rac wm. efrem mcires: es cxadyo nikon SavmTelis pandeqtebis slavur TargmanSi moTavseb-uli antioquri xronoRrafis cnobebis Sedarebam wm. efrem mciris antioquri xronoRrafis cnobebTan~ (efrem mcire 1959: 10). wm. efremi imasac SeniSnavs, rom amis safasurad qarTvelebma garkveuli xarji gaiRes: `mefeman qarTvel-Taman da yovelTa mTavarTa misTa dauweses patriaqsa an-tioqiisasa mosasyidelad nivTTa wmidisa mihronisaTa agarakebi aTasi kuamli queyanisagan qarTvelTaÁsa, raÁTa safasoÁ SemosavalTa maTTaÁ iyos fas nivTTa mihronisaTa, rameTu maT JamTa arsada sxuagan wmida iqmneboda mihroni TÂnier antioqias da mier ganeyofvoda yovelTa~ (efrem mcire 1959: 8). aqve imeorebs wm. efremi imaves: `da zemo xse-nebulisa mis wil aTasisa kuamlisa dauwesa maT, raÁTa wli-Tiwlad moscemden Jamad-JamadTa patriaqTa antioqiisaTa aTassa drahkansa, romeli – igi moecemoda vidre dReTamde ioane wmidisa patriaqisaTa. rameTu man aniWa igi orestis wmidasa patriaqsa ierusalimisasa, romeli mividoda moci-qulad basilis YTana mefisasa berZenTaÁsa, raÁTa missa say-darsa miecemodis qarTvelTa mier dRiTgan daewesa, raÁTa moxsenebaÁ oden saxelisaÁ aqundes qarTvelTa Soris an-

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tioqelisa patriaqsa~ (efrem mcire 1959: 10).dasaxelebuli avtorebi, romlebic exebian iberiis moq-

cevas, dabejiTebiT aRniSnaven, rom konstantinem daak-mayofila axladmoqceul iberTa moTxovna da gaagzavna Rirseuli pirovneba. Teodorite ufro vrclad msjelobs am pirovnebis dadebiT Tvisebebze: konstantinem RvTis Secnobis mqadageblad iberebs gaugzavna kaci Semkuli rogorc morwmuneobiTa da gonierebiT, ise patiosani cxo-vrebiT da mRvdelmTavrobis pativis mqoneo (gamyreliZe, yauxCiSvili 1961: 213). mxolod gelasi kesarieli asaxelebs konstantinopolis episkoposs aleqsandres /327-340 ww./, romelsac konstantinem xelT daasxmevina iberTa episko-posi (efrem mcire 1959: 8).

mas Semdeg, rac wm. efrem mcire asrulebs Teodorites cnobaTa Targmans, igi jer im sakiTxs exeba, rom Teodori-tes mier moxseniebuli tyve-qalis saxeli ̀ sxuaTa werilTa Sina saxeldebiT povnil ars... rameTu berZnulad `nonna~ uwodian wmidasa mas, romelsa Cuen mcired SecvalebiTre `ninod~ saxel-vsdebT”, xolo amis Semdeg wers, rom saxeli “mivlinebulisa mis episkoposisaÁ esreT povnil ars, vi-Tarmed TviT evstaTi iyo antioqeli patriaqi, romelman daamyara eklesiad igi mirianis mier mcxeTas aRSenebuli da ukurTxa kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~ (efrem mcire 1959: 8). rogorc vxedavT, wm. efrem mcires Teodorite kvirelis cnobebi im kuTxiT ainteresebs, romelic xazs usvams qarTuli eklesiis antioqiurze damokidebulebas: `xolo mefeman qarTvelTaman da yovelTa mTavarTa misTa dauweses patriaqsa antioqiisasa mosasyidelad nivTTa wmidisa mihronisaTa agarakebi aTasi kuamli queyanisagan qarTvelTaÁsa... rameTu maT JamTa ara sada wmida iqmneboda mihroni TÂnier antioqias da mier ganeyofvoda yovelTa. amier icnobebis Jami moqcevisaÁ da viTarmed antioqiisa saydrisa Semdgom iyvnes xelTdasxmul iqmnebodes qarT-lisa kaTalikozni~ (efrem mcire 1959: 8).

wm. efrem mcire, albaT, imitomac irCevs maincdamainc Teodorites cnobebs wm. ninos Sesaxeb, rom es avtori iZle-va ufro “mecnierul”, “meZieblobiT” informacias qarT-lis moqcevis Sesaxeb. is SedarebiTi “sisavse”, rogoricaa

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sxva ucxoel avtorTa nawarmoebebSi, ra Tqma unda, bevrad Camouvardeba qarTul wyaroebSi dacul monacemebs, ami-tomac wm. efremi, saerTodac, gverds uvlis “wvrilmanebs” da ZiriTad aqcents mSral, faqtobriv uwyebebze akeTebs.

damowmebani

abulaZe 1967: abulaZe il. (redaqtori). giorgi mcire, `cxorebaÁ giorgi mTawmindelisaÁ~, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. wigni II (XI-XIV ss.), Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1967.

gamyreliZe, yauxCiSvili 1961: gamyreliZe al., yauxCiSvili s. georgi-ka. t. I., Tb.: 1961.

efrem mcire 1959: efrem mcire. uwyebaÁ qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moixsenebis, Tb.: 1959.

TayaiSvili 1913-1914: TayaiSvili e. Zveli saqarTvelo. t. III, gany. I, tf.: 1913-1914.

kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria. t. I, Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1980.

sabinini 1882: sabinini m.(gamomcemeli). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-burgi.: 1882.

uxtanesi 1975: uxtanesi. istoria gamoyofisa qarTvelTa somexTagan. Tb.: 1975.

yauxCiSvili 1941: yauxCiSvili s. georgika – bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. t. IV, Tb.: 1941.

yauxCiSvili 1920: yauxCiSvili s. xronoRrafi giorgi monazonisa. tf.: 1920.

yauxCiSvili 1963: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. V, Tb.: 1963.yauxCiSvili 1965: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. II, Tb.: 1965.yauxCiSvili 1967: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. VII, Tb.: 1967.yauxCiSvili 1936: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. III, tf.: 1936.yauxCiSvili 1966: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. VI, Tb.: 1966.yauxCiSvili 1970: yauxCiSvili s. georgika. t. VIII, Tb.: 1970.CxartiSvili 1987: CxartiSvili m. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT-

mcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi (`cxovrebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsa~). Tb.: 1987.

xorenaci 1984: xorenaci m. somxeTis istoria. Tb.: 1984.

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Giorgi Alibegashvili, Nino Jvania

Foreign Sources on the Conversion of Georgia

Summary

Numerous significant data are found in the compositions of �arious foreign (Byzantine or Armenian) authors on the con�ersion of Georgia. Some of them repeat their forerunners’ data but the essential fact is that part of these authors are public men of the 3rd-4th centuries and have im-portant data on cultural and historical changes occurred in Georgia. Be-sides this, not but one figure or historical e�ent are frequently understood symbolically and create a single semantic environment in the context with Christianization of Georgia.

The popular view established in the foreign materials is: in Georgia the advocates of Christianity are the Apostles of Christ (St.Andrew the First Called, Simon the Canonite, Bartholomew), as well as the nation-al enlightener St.Nino Equal-to-the-Apostles. The strengthening of the Christian faith happened with the assistance of St.Constantine the Great and the autocephaly of the Georgian church was recognized by the An-tiochian Patriarchate.

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saxismetyveleba

nana gonjilaSviliÄ Ã Â Á À À Á Â Ã Ä

`ninos cxovrebis~ erTi paradigmuli saxe

(kerp-RvTaeba armazis gansaxovneba)

`ni n os cxo v re ba~ qa r Tu li qri s ti a nu li ku l tu r is sa-fu Z ve l Ta sa fu Z ve lia. mis is to ri ul da li te ra tu r ul Ri re bu le ba ze me t y ve l ebs Txzu le b is ar a e r Ti re da q ci-is ar se bo ba, ma s Si ga d mo ce m ul mo v le ne b ze sa ki T xa ve bisa Tu sa ga lo b le b is Se q m na, Semdgom epoqaTa av to r ebis mi er Txzulebidan momdinare sxvadasxva saxe-ideaTa is to ri-ul da mxa t v r ul nawarmoebebSi Ca r T va. `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi mocemuli mravali mxatvruli saxe qarTuli esTetikuri azrovnebisaTvis farTo perspeqtivis mqone paradigmad iqca. samecniero literaturaSi `ninos cxov-rebidan~ gamoyofilia araerTi modeli. am mravalsaxeobi-dan naSromSi ganvixilavT warmarT qarTvelTa kerp-RvTa-eba armazs.

kerpTa panTeonis mravalferovnebis miuxedavad (boCi, gaci, ga, ainina, danina, afrodita da sxv.), Zvel qarTul TxzulebebSi (`ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebi, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Zveli somxuri Targmani, Teimuraz da vaxuSti batoniSvilTa Txzulebebi) warmarTobis ZiriTad kerp- RvTaebad armazi iTvleba. armazi qarTveli eris Semec-nebaSi mravalgvarad moiazreba: armazi _toponimikuri erTeuli, armazi _ warmarTuli kerp-RvTaeba, armazi-ormuzdi-ahura-mazda _ zoroastruli rwmenis simbolo, armazi _ sakuTari saxeli. da bolos, armazi rogorc pa-radigmuli saxe-idea. saqarTveloSi misi xsovna erTeul geografiul saxelwodebebSia Semonaxuli. axlac aris ar-mazis xevi da masSi gamdinare àrmaz~ mdinare, romelsac àlmas~ mdinaresac uwodeben. amave xeobaSia armazis mo-nastris nangrevebi. mdinare mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze, mcxeTis raionSi, arsebobs `qarTlosis~, anu armazis mTa.

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unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli miTosi armazs ar icnobs. igi ar aisaxa arc simRerebsa da arc legendebSi. su l x an-sa ba or be li a n is le q si ko n Sic armazi ar aris mo x se ne bu li, arc sa qa r T ve lo Si ar se bu li romelime ke r p is sa xe li gvxvdeba. armazis cixe-qalaqis Sesaxeb, romelic mdinare mtkvar-ze arsebobda, miTiTebulia ucxour, berZnul-romaul wyaroebSi; kerZod, straboni mas moixsenebs àrmozikis~, pliniusi _ `hermastis~, xolo ptolomeusi àrmastikas~ saxelwodebiT. yvela es saxelwodeba àrmazis~ berZnuli transkrifciaa. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom armazi ar aris moxsenebuli bizantieli avtorebis (rufinuzi _ Vs., sok-rate sqolatikosi _ Vs., sozomeni _ Vs., gelasi kesari-eli da Teodorite kvireli) SromebSi, sadac moTxrobilia qarTlis moqcevis ambavi. aRniSnulis gamo ivane javaxiSvi-li eWvis qveS ayenebs `ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-Weli-Sur redaqciebSi aRwerili warmarTuli kerpis realuro-bas. samecniero literaturaSi gamoikveTa mosazreba, rom `ninos cxovreba~ IV s-is periods ukavSirdeba (r.siraZe, m.CxartiSvili, r.baramiZe, l.patariZe, g.narsiZe, g. kuWuxi-Ze, m.naWyebia), rom kerpTa aRweriloba da kerpTa msxvrevis epizodi `ninos cxovrebis~ erT-erTi uZvelesi plastia (r.siraZe, g.giorgaZe, v.goilaZe, g.kuWuxiZe).

mo v s es xo re na ci `so m xe T is is to ri a Si~ moixsenebs ar-m azis warmarTul kerps iberiaSi da mas, somxuri RvTaebis Sesabamisad _aramazdad xmobs, rac ahura-mazdas saxel-wodebidan momdinareobs. am Txzulebis mixedviT, armazis msxvreva mefe mirianis nadirobis dros movlenili mzis dabnelebis logikuri Sedegi iyo: `(nu n em) da u yo v ne b l iv mo s po We qa-qu xi l is (mo m av li ne be li) ar ama zd is qa n da ke ba, ro me l ic qa la qi sa g an ga n ca l ke ve b iT, di di mdi na r is me o re mxa r es id ga, rogorc wesi, dildilobiT yvela scemda mas Tayvans saxlTa saxuravebidan, saidanac saxiT Canda igi, Tu vinmes msxverplis Sewirva ewada, mdinareze gadadioda da bomonis win swiravda~ (mo v s es xo re na ci 1984: 86).

kerp armazis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb mecnierTa Soris araerTgvarovani mosazreba arsebobs, Tumca yvela erT-sulovnad aRniSnavs mis araqarTulobas. me c ni e r Ta er Ti na wi li (n. mari, a. xaxanaSvili, d. baqraZe, a. natroevi, m. an-

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dronikaSvili, r. siraZe) ar ma z is kerps zo ro a s t ro z mi d an mo m di na re RvTa e b ad mi i C n evs, sxva Ta az r iT (k. kekeliZe, m. wereTeli, a. afaqiZe, g. meliqiSvili, S. amiranaSvili, g. giorgaZe, g. kuWuxiZe), igi mci re az i u li wa r mo So bi saa.

`mo q ce vaÁ qa r T li saÁs~ qro ni k is mi xe d v iT, qa r T l Si ar-m az ke r p is aR m ma r T ve l ad mi C ne u lia me fe fa r na va zi: `...fa r-na v az. am an aR ma r T a ke r pi di di cxÂrsa ze da, da da s d va sa-xe li mi si ar ma zi da mo q m na zRu de wyliT ke r Zo da hrqvan ar m az~ (gv.82)*.

aRniSnulis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami `ninos cxovre-bis~ sxva redaqciebSi. ufro sruli cnobebia le o n ti mro-ve l is Txzu le ba Si, sadac miTiTebulia kerpis saxelis warmomavloba, misi adgilsamyofeli da daniSnuleba: àm a-n ve fa r na v az Se q m na ke r pi di di sa xe l sa ze da TÂssa, ese ars ar ma zi, ra me Tu fa r na v azs spa r su l ad ar m az erqua~ (le o n-ti mro ve l i 1955: 25) da àm a r Ta ke r pi igi ar ma zi Ta v sa ze da qa r T li sa sa... da mokuda fa r na v az, da da f l es wi na Se ar ma-zi sa ke r pi sa~ (le o n ti mro ve l i 1955: 25).

vaxuSti batoniSvili gvawvdis damatebiT cnobas arma-zis aRmarTvis Sesaxeb qarTlosis saflavze: àm an sa Su a l-sa gac da ga i mi sa am a r Ta sa xe li sa TÂsi sa ke r pi ar m az...qa r-T lo s is sa f la v sa ze da~ (vaxuSti batoniSvili 1973: 6).

Teimuraz batoniSvilis ìstoriaSi~ (Teimuraz bato-niSvili 1848: 117) armazTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnulia qarT-losis saflavis adgilsamyofeli _ qarTlosis mTa.

am g va r ad, wya roTa umravlesoba kerp-ar ma z is aR ma r T v as me fe fa r na v azs uk a v Si r ebs, xo lo mis sa x els spa r sulidan momdinared Tvlis. fa r na va z is me fo b is pe ri o d is mi xe d v iT ganisazRvreba armazis aRmarTvis dro _ Zv.w. III-II ss.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b Si kerp armazis aRweris mra va l ric xo v ne ba Ta vi s Ta v ad am t ki c ebs misi sa x is, ro-gorc ni mu S is, mo de l is xa si aTs; Sa t be r d ul re da q ci a Si mocemuli armaz is sa xe ba ki arqetipis mniSvnelobas iZens: `sa za ro dgo maÁ vi xi le. da aha dga ka ci er Ti spi le n Zi saÁ, da ta n sa mi s sa ecua jaWÂ oq ro sa da Ca f xu ti oq roÁsaÁ da samÃar ni es x n es frcxil da bi v ri ti, da xe l sa mis sa aq u n da Ãrma li le su li, ro me li brwyi n vi da da iq ce o da Ãel sa Si na

* wm.ninos cxovrebis~ teqsts vimowmebT wignidan _ Zv. qarTuli agiogra-wm.ninos cxovrebis~ teqsts vimowmebT wignidan _ Zv. qarTuli agiogra-fiuli Zeglebi, I, il. abulaZis red., Tb., 1963 (f aRniSnavs Satberdul redaq-cias, , _ WeliSurs).

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missa...~ (f 119).WeliSuri redaqciis mixedviT, armazis aRweraSi gansx-

vavebulia mxolod erTi adgili: `...samÃar ni oq roÁsa ni ve da Tu a l ni vi T arca frcxi li da bi v ri ti...~ (, 119).

`ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi ar ma z is ga re g nu li aR-we risas sxva o ba, um e te s wi l ad, mJRa v n de ba kerpis `Tva li pa ti o s n is~ aRniSvnis dros. ̀ ni n os cxo v re b is~ Sa t be r d ul-We li S ur re da q ci a Si is i ni frcxi li sa da bi v ri ti saa; le o n ti mro ve li, va xu S ti da Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi le bi armazs zu-r mu x t iTa da bi v ri tiT am ko b en; ar s en be r is `ni n os cxo v-re b is~ re da q ci a sa da mis pe ri f ra z Si iak i n Ti da bi v ritia mo x se ne bu li; „qa r T l is cxo v re b is~ Zvel so m x ur Ta r g ma n-Si ki zu r mu x ti da bro li saxeldeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom bivritis Tvali yvela redaqciaSi dominirebs, rac mis sim-bolur datvirTvaze metyvelebs.*

amrigad, ar ma z is RvTa e ba, yve la Zi ri Ta di li te ra tu-ru li Tu is to ri u li wya r os mi xe d v iT, ga re g nu l ad an T ro-po mo r f uli kerpia, spi le n Zi sa da rva li sa g an Ca mo s x mu li me o ma ri ma ma ka cia, oqrosagan ganWedili jaWvis sabrZolo samosiT, CafxutiT, samxreebiTa da sabrZolo qmedebisTvis SemarTuli xmliT. moZravi sabrZolo iaraRiT aRWurvili kerpis aRwera iSviaTobaa da msga v si ma ga li Ti xe l mi sa w v- d om li te ra tu ra Si ar Se g v x ve d ria.

griver farulava amasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs, rom armazis aRwerilobis detalebi... ar qmnian cocxal poe-tur xats. `mkiTxveli ver `xedavs~ gamosaxulebas, sanam kerpis xelSi ar gaielvebs `Ãrma li...~ am Jestis meSveobiT ki gamosaxuleba amoZravda, figura gamoikveTa da mas ukve `vxedavT~ (farulava 1982: 137).

Zvel qarTul TxzulebaTa avtorebis mier armazis ker-pis konkretuli detalebis gamoyeneba-ganmeorebas gark-veuli Teoriuli principi udevs safuZvlad: daicvan `WeS-maritebis aRweris~ principi. um Ta v re sia is, rom `ni nos cxo v re b is~ Sa t be r d ul-We li S ur re da q ci a Si wa r mo d ge ni-li ar m az ke r p is aR we ri lo ba id e a li ze bu li si s te m is xa si-aTs at a r ebs, Se m dgomSi ki _ pa ra di g m ul po tenci as iZens.

* bivritis saxismetyvelebis Sesaxeb ix. r.siraZe, wm.nino da deda-ufali, mnaTobi,1985, #№ 2; n. gonjilaSvili, erTi paradigmuli saxe, literatura da xelovneba, 1990, № #2.

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vasil barnovs romanSi _ ̀ armazis msxvreva~, armazis aR-werisas gamoyenebuli aqvs `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi mocemuli ZiriTadi modeli da masSi mxatvrul saxe-ideaTa meSveobiT garkveuli siaxlec Seaqvs. mi si ar ma zi mzea ga-b r w yi ne bu li; Tu m ca ke r pi rva li saa, ma g r am oq r os ab j ar-mu za ra di me o m ri sa aqvs da `Wyvintiani~ fexsacmeli acvia, rac mis spa r s ul ier ze me t y ve l ebs: `kva r c x l be k z ed id ga arm az brwyi n va le. di di ta ni sa ma R al-ma Ra li. ga ci, ga i mi ma r j v n iv da ma r c x n iv sru l ta ni a n ni, Se da re b iT mo m c ro ni Ca n d n en. rva li sa g an Ca mo s x mu li did xe lo v ne b iT... me b r-Zo li Rme r Ti iyo ar m az da be q Ta ri ec va. gvi r g vi ni v iT mu-za ra di is ar ax ri li. sa m k la ve bi, xe l ja ge bi, sa ba r k ul-sa w-vi ve e bi. Wvi n ti a ni fe x sa c me li. ab g ar-ab ja ri na We di oq ro. iq ce v is xma li am o w v di li~ (gv. 517)*.

ar m az ke r p is aR we ri lo ba mo ce mu lia ak a ki we re Tl is po e ma S ic _ `wm. ni no anu _ qri stianob is Se mo Re ba sa qa r T-ve lo Si~, ro me l ic er T g va ri ga me o re baa Zve li wya ro e bi sa:

sul oq ro Si Ca m j da riaviT me to qe ma R la mzi sa (we re Tel i 1940 : 291).

da xe d avs ar m azs oq r os ja W v iTxma l iT xe l Si mo e l va r es,mri s xa ne b iT ga d mo h yu r ebssa qa r T ve l os yo v el mxa r es,

_ ambobs poeti (iqve).kerp-RvTaeba ar ma z is ga re g no ba, mi si aR Wu r vi lo ba

erTgvarad exmianeba bibliuri go li a Ti fi li s ti me l is aR-ka z mu lo ba s (siraZe 1984). davZenT, rom armazis garegnul saxeSi warmoCenilia ieremias epistoleSi aRwerili babi-lonis anTropomorfuli kerpebis zogierTi niSani, ker-Zod, isinic oqros, vercxlis kerpebia, oqros gvirgviniT, xelSi kverTxiTa da maxviliT. da ni el wi na s wa r me t y ve l is wi g n Si ga d mo ce m ul nabu qodo no so r is si z ma r Si aRwe rilia uz a r ma za ri anTropomorfuli ke r pi oqros, vercxlis, rvalisa da rkinis nawilebiT. ke r p is am g va ri aR we ri lo ba aer Ti a n ebs ar ma zu li tria d is (ar ma zi, gaci, ga ) spi le n Z Si,

* v. ba r no vis romans àr ma z is msxvre va~ vimowmebT mwerlis Txz., t. 7, Tb., gamomcemloba `sa b Wo Ta mwe ra li~, 1923-25.

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ve r c x l sa da oq ro Si ga n We d il ke r p ebs.amave TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa armazis garegnuli

msgavseba kolx mefe aietTan: àm a ve dros me fe aiet m ac fi c x l av Ca i c va ja W v is pe ra n gi, mkvri vi mTli a ni, rva l is beqTa ri.... Ta v ze da i d ga oq r os gvi r g vi ni, oTx bi bi lo v an-Ta v w y ve ti a ni, ise na Te li, Suqmo ci m ci me, vi Ta r ca di s ko cxo ve li mzi sa... as wia, ma R la Se a Ta ma Sa fa ri, mra va l k ec tya v ga dak ru li, da sa Si ne li Su bi mmu s ra vi...~ (apolonios rodoseli 1975: 150).

grigol giorgaZe armazs garegnuli niSnebis mixedviT amsgavsebs boRazqois e.w. `mefis WiSkarTan~ gamosaxul mdgomare, jaWvis perangiT mosili meomari mamakacis re-liefs (TeSubs), romelsac elvisa da mzis dari sabrZolo culi upyria xelT, welze xmali artyia, Tavze ki Cafxu-ti hxuravs. misive dakvirvebiT, xeTur da armazis kerpTa TiTqmis identuri agebulebis garda (sadac daculia aR-weris mcireaziuli modeli), aRsaniSnavia kerpTa ansam-bluri ganlageba triadebis saxiT, da ma xa si a Te be li xe T-ur-xu ri t ul RvTa e ba Ta pa n Te o ni sa T v is (giorgaZe 1988: 120).

ro g orc vxe d avT, ar ma z is ke r p is fi zi k ur aR we ri lo b as eZ e b ne ba Za l ze saintere so pa ra le le bi sxva da s x va ep o q is Txzu le be b Si. es ki TavisTavad mianiSnebs qristian avtor-Ta Teoriul principze _ kerpTa aRwerilobis ideali-zebul sistemaSi CarTon armazis kulturul-istoriuli saxe.

Zvel qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi mwiri cnobebi moi-poveba armazis Tvisobrivi daxasiaTebisTvis. am Tvalsaz-risiT, sayuradReboa Txzulebis personaJTa damokidebu-leba kerpis mimarT. `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi armaz RvTaebis Sefaseba ori gansxvavebuli TvalTaxedviTaa warmoCenili: qristianTa mxridan _ ninosa da sidonias mier, warmarTTagan _ mefe mirianis meSveobiT. wm. ninosa da sidoniasaTvis kerpebi usulo, `dawyeuli~, `sazareli~, `mtuerni~ da `nacarni~, `mWedelTagan ganWedili~ sagne-bia; es, zogadad, qristianTa damokidebulebaa kerpebisadmi da Txzulebis qristian avtorTa poziciis maCvenebelia, rac warmarTuli RvTaebis damdablebaSi gamoixateba da mis mi-

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marT uaryofiTi poziciis ganmtkicebas emsaxureba.`ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciebSi

CarTulia wm. ninos werili mi ri a ni sa d mi, romelSic cxa-d ad ik ve Te ba ar ma z is bu ne ba: `su fe v da mas Si na so f li sa mpyro be li igi mTa va ri, ro me li qro da ha e ri sa su li Ta da STa a b ne v da yo ve l Ta su l Ta ka c Ta sa jo jo xe T ad~ (f 101). aq armazi moxsenebulia wuTisoflis meufed, rac jojoxeTis `mpyrobelis~ sinonimad aRiqmeba da kerpis araRvTiurobis maCvenebelia; mas upirispirdeba wm. ninos `sikvdiliTa sikv-dilisa damTrgunveli~ RmerTi.

sulxan-sabas leqsikonis mixedviT, `kacis bunebac sof-lad iTqmis~ (orbeliani 1966: 109). am ganmartebis kvalobaze, TxzulebebSi armazi, marTlac, adamianTa sicocxlis gam-riged ixseneba, romlis xelSia qarTlis mkvidrTa arseboba.

wm. ninosaTvis miwieri RmerTi armazi `bneli~, `dawyeuli~ da `sacTuri~ iyo, `romeli qroda haerisa suliTa~ (f 101). `haeris suliT qrolva~ SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos bune-bis pirvelyofili miTis masalasTan. armazis TvisebebSi xom Cans stiqiis saxidan momdinare niSnebi. Tu qristiani avto-risa da wm. ninos poziciidan vimsjelebT, armazis `haeris suli~ SesaZloa, misi sulieri sicarielis maCvenebeli iyos.

vasil barnovs ar gamorCenia armazis es niSan-Tviseba. `haeris suliT qrolva~, Cveni azriT, romanSi `piris qariTaa~ Canacvlebuli da sxvagvar datvirTvas iZens _ armazi piris qariT mzis naTels aqrobs; amgvari interpretacia ki kerp-RvTaebis yovlisSemZleobis gamokveTas emsaxureba, rac àr-mazis msxvrevaSi~ araerTgzisaa aRniSnuli.

`ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciis mi-xedviT, armazi, upirvelesi `RmerTi RmerTTaÁ~, `Crdi-lo~ qveynis mkvidrTaTvis cisa da qveynis Semoqmedad, sxva RvTaebaTa wesT gamriged iTvleba. kerp-RvTaeba armazis bunebis Sesacnobad sayuradReboa warmarTi mefe mirianis mier armaz-zadenis daxasiaTeba: `... aha es e ra Rme r T ni, di-d Ta na yo f Ta mo m ce me l ni da so f l is mpyro be l ni, mzis mo m-fe ne l ni da wÂ mi sa mo m ce me l ni, qu e ya n iT na yo f Ta ga n m z r-de l ni... yo v li sa da fa ru li sa ga mo me Zi e be l ni~ (f 132).

mo v s es xo re na ci `so m xe T is is to ri a Si~ ar m azs Weqa-qu-xi l is RvTa e b ad Tvlis: `(nu n em) da u yo v ne b l iv mo s po We-

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qa-qu xi l is (mo m v li ne be li) ar ma z dis qa n da ke ba...~ (mo v s es xo re na ci 1984: 170). amgvari cnoba qarTul wyaroebSi ar moipoveba.

mi ri an me f is zemoaRniSnuli sityvebidan irkveva, rom ar ma zs xelewifeba bu ne b is mo v le naTa ganmgebloba _ wvi m is mo ce ma da mzis mo fe na. igi na yo fi e re b is RmerTi-caa, maszea damokidebuli `qu e ya n iT na yo f Ta~ gamoReba-gazrda. mirianisaTvis armazi qarTlis upirvelesi Rmer-Tia _ `RmerTi RmerTTaÁ~. Tu wm. ninosaTvis `soflis mpyrobeloba~ kerpis damcireba-ganqiqebas moaswavebs, mirianisaTvis es armazis RvTaebriobis, yovlisSemZleo-bis maCvenebelia. qristiani avtorebi mirian mefis rwmenas kerp-RvTaebaTa mimarT fsiqologiuri simarTliT, sarw-munod gadmogvcemen, raTa Semdgom, misi gaqristianebisas, mZafrad SegvagrZnobinon `codvis nislSi~ myofi mefis ma-radiul naTelTan ziarebis bedniereba. marTlac, `ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciaSi axladmoq-ceulni (gansakuTrebiT, _ miriani) kidev ufro mkacrni arian kerpis SefasebaSi. garda zemoCamoTvlili epiTe-tebisa, mas `SeCvenebulis~, èSmakis~, `macduris~, `jojo-xeTisa~ da `bneleTis mTavris~, `queynis mtuerisa da nac-ris~, `kacis mkvlelis~ da sxva saxeldebebiT moixseneben. ase rom, wm. ninos kerpebisadmi damokidebuleba aisaxeba mirianis mefis saxeSi, romelic ufro met Seurigeblobas iCens kerpTayvanismcemlobis mimarT. aRniSnuls cxadyofs mefe mirianis anderZi Tavisi Zisadmi, sadac mefe daundob-lad amxels kerpTa ukacur bunebas da maT saqmeTa Tanazi-ar mTebsac àspolvis~ Rirsad miiCnevs: `...aw sa da ca hpo ve qu e ya na sa Si na Sensa ke r p ni, ce c x li Ta da wu en da na ca ri ma-T ni Seasu maT, vin maT eg lo v d is. da ese am c en Svi l Ta Se n-Ta...~ (f 162). mirian mefis amgvari mowodebis pirvelsaxe iZebneba bibliaSi. mosem uflis CagonebiT itvirTa egvip-tidan gamoyvanili cdomili xalxis mier aRmarTuli ker-pis daqceva: `da ÃboÁ igi, ro m el qmnes, da w va igi ce c x li Ta, da mu s r na wvli l ad da STa a b nia igi wya l sa da as va igi Ze Ta is ra e li sa Ta~ (gam. 32, 20).

TxzulebaTa ganxilva cxadyofs, rom gaqristianebuli mi ri an me f isaTvis ke r pe bi is e Ti ve da t vi r T v is matarebel-

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ni ga x d n en, ro go ri SinaarsiTac arsebobdnen is i ni wm. ni no-sa T v is. amdenad, mi ri an me fe wm. ni n os su li e ri me m k vi d rea.

aRsaniSnavia, rom `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebs Soris kerpis mimarT uaryofiTi epiTetebi yvelaze bevria We-liSurSi, sxva redaqciebSi kerpTa saZraxisi saxeldebe-bi iSviaTobaa. leonti mroveli kerpebs `sakvirvelebasa miuwvdomels da eniTa gamouTqmels~ uwodebs; arsen beri _ èSmaks~ da `sazarel saocrebas~; xolo vaxuSti da Teimu-raz batoniSvilTa TxzulebebSi kerpTa ganqiqebis motivi ar iZebneba. Zvel TxzulebebSi yovelive es kerpTayvanism-cemlobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad unda iyos warmoCeni-li. momdevno epoqebSi, qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdeg, aRar arsebobda kerpTa usazRvro ganqiqebis aucileblo-ba. amasTanave, Semdegdroindeli avtorebi istoriuli da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT ganixilaven da afaseben movle-nebs, cdiloben obieqturi suraTis Cvenebas.

`ninos cxovrebis~ mxatvrul saxe-ideaTa paradigmulo-bis warmosaCenad sayuradReboa vasil barnovis romanSi personaJebis kerpebisadmi damokidebulebis Cveneba. àr-mazis msxvrevaSi~ armazis usasrulo qeba-dideba ismis. igi mirianisa da warmarTTa mier saqarTvelos mfarvel àr-maz brwyinvaled~, `naTel Semoqmedad~, `keTilmyofelad~, `lamaz RmerTad~ moixseneba; wm. nino ki maT ùgulo~ da ùazro RvTaebebad~, qvisa da liTonisagan Seqmnil usu-lo raobad miiCnevs, ukacuri wesebis mqoneT jojoxeTsa da satanas adarebs. romanSi qristianobis mimarT Tqmuli epiTetebis ganxilvidan Cans, rom warmarTaTvis qristia-noba aseve `bneli Zalaa~, satanuri, keTilTan mebrZoli, jojoxeTiT mosuli Zneli rjulia. v.barnovi gvaCvenebs, rom ar SeiZleba movlenebisadmi calmxrivi midgoma. igi mravali kuTxiT afasebs mimdinare procesebs da ara mxo-lod qristianuli TvalsazrisiT. misi mizania istoriuli sinamdvilis mxatvruli asaxva, politikuri dapirispire-bis, erovnuli cnobierebis warmoCena, axali faseulobe-bisa da `mtkivneuli~ cvlilebebisadmi araerTgvarovan damokidebulebaTa Cveneba-Sefaseba.

`ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciaTa avtorebi cdomili, `Crdi-lo~ qarTlis mTavari kerpis Tvisebebze amaxvileben yu-

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radRebas da wm. ninosa da sidoniasgan armazis daxasiaTeba-Sefasebas sakuTar Sexedulebebsac urTaven. maTi TqmiT, warmarTaTvis gu l Ta m xi la vi armazi qveynis keTildReo-bisTvis mzrunveli, ada mi a n Ta bu ne b is mpyro be li, qarT-lis mkvidrTa cxovrebis meTva l yu re kerp-RvTa e baa, raTa boroteba ar gavrceldes da codva ar momravldes ada-mianTa Soris. igi SurismaZiebeli RmerTia da ara _ mim-tevebeli, gulTmisania da yvela Semcode mlocvelis msa-julic. `ninos cxovrebis~ yvela redaqcia TiTqmis ucvle-lad imeorebs Satberduli redaqciis variants: `da xelsa missa aqunda Ãrmali lesuli, romeli brwyinvida da iqceo-da Ãelsa Sina, reca Tu romeli Seexebin, Tavi TÂsi sikudid ganiwiris. da ityÂn: `vaÁ, Tu da-sada-vaklo raÁ didebasa RmrTisa armazissa da Se-rasme vscTe sityuasa ebraelTa Tana, gina moguTa smenasa oden daxudomil viyo, mzis msa-xurTa. da romelnime ityÂan ucebni didisa visme RmerTsa caTasa da nuukue povis raime CemTana biwi da mces maxÃÂli igi misi, romlisagan eSinis yovelsa queyanasa~. da SiSiT Tayuanis-scemdes yovelni~ (f 119). am epizodidan irkveva, rom armazis kerpi qarTlis mkvidrTa brma morCilebasa da Tayvaniscemas SiSis gziT axorcielebs: àrvin ganukrZal-velad SeemTxueodis kerpsa mas~ (leonti mroveli 1986: 89); SemcodeTa Soris ki CamoTvlilia _ mzis msaxurTa (mogv-Ta) mindoba, ebraelTa Tanadgoma da caTa didi RmerTis cnoba, rac qristes unda gulisxmobdes. amdenad, armazi mosamarTle da si k v d il-si co c xlis ga m ri ge kerp-RvTa e-baa; Tavisi sisastikiTa da xmlis meSveobiT aiZulebs ada-mianebs codvaTagan ganridebas; mociqulia miwasa da ze-cas, adamiansa da mzes Soris da am kavSiris simtkicisaTvis zrunavs; ar ma zi wa r ma r Tu li pa n Te o n is sxva Rme r Te b is we s Ta ga m ri gea. meomari kerp-RvTaeba qarTlis samefos saxelmwi-fo erTianobisa da warmarTuli religiis mTavar burjad moiazreba. igi qa r T l is er T an er T ad me f is sa m sa xu r s ac moiTxovs: `da SiSiT Tayuanis-scemdes mas mefe da yovelni erni misni~ (, 119).

vasil ba r no v is ro ma n Si RvTa e ba ar ma z is gansaxovneba er T g va ri ga n me o re baa `ni n os cxo v re b is~ Sa t be r d ul-We-li S uri re da q ci is mo na ce me bi sa, imavdroulad _ mxatv-

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ruli pasaJebiT datvirTuli. ar ma zi aq ac sxva RvTa e ba Ta-g an ga mo r Ce u li da ufro si `Rme r Tia~: ìs iyo ex la uf ro si Rme r Ti sa m f lo be lo si~ (gv. 409). `ninos cxovrebis~ redaq-ciaTagan gansxvavebiT, romanSi mkveTradaa warmoCenili armazis mziuri buneba. igi mzis Svilad iTvleba; amasTa-nave ut e xi, ma ma ci me b r Zo li da qve y n is mcve lia: ùt e xia ar m az Zli e ri, ur ye ve lia Tva l wa r m ta ci mis ma ma co ba, sal klde zea da m k vi d re bu li da Za l ni me b r Zo l ni Sa ve Ti sa ver er i v n en mas~ (gv. 461); me di du ro ba, pa ti v mo y va re o ba ar ma z-is da ma xa si a Te be li Tvi se be bia: `ka ku ra zi Rme r Ti iyo ar m az di de bu li: Tu ar di d k acT Svils, msxve r p l ad sxvas ar mi i-Re b da...~ (gv. 517). me b r Z ol ar m az kerps `rva l is mke r d Si fo-la d is gu li~ (gv. 506) ud evs, ro me l ic mtri sa da mo Ra la-t is mi m arT Su ri s ge bi Taa aR v si li. ro ma n S i, ise viT `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi, ar ma zi ma r T l m sa ju li RvTa e baa, romelmac ar icis Sendoba: `ma r T l m sa ju li Rme r Ti iyo ar m az. Se m co de ga n ma ri s xe be li nu mi e a x le bo da mas. nurc Se sa wi r ad: al ma s is xma li ga h k ve T da co d v ils~ (gv. 517). ro-manSi gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia armazis SurismaZiebeli buneba: `gu l Ta mxi la vi TvalT ay o le b da bo ro t is mgu l ebs Se sa za ri mi si Se xe d va: myis ga n s W v re t da sa i du m l os, yo v els da fa r uls ga na c xa de b da~ (gv. 517). wm. ni n oc be di s we ra sa v iT ga ni c d is mis mi s n ur mzeras: `ver Se s Z lo di d x ans da Ji ne b iT Ca k vi r ve ba~ (gv. 517); `su l Si ut a re b da xe d va Ta is r ebs~ (gv. 518).

`la m is ga m te x os am ker p is Tva l ma~ (gv. 517) – ambobs igi; mo ci qu li qa li sa T v is igi mar to ug u lo da uaz ro Rme r Ti ar ar is, vi Ta r ca `ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b Si, ar a m ed wm. ni no si co c x l es xe d avs ke r p is Tva le b Si da su l d g mu l-T an aig i v ebs ar m azs, rac sru li ad ew i na a R m de ge ba mis ar qe-ti p ul sa x es. aq da m ci re b is wil Za l Ta Se fa se ba da me to q is si Z li e re mJRa v n de ba. amgvari fsi qo lo gi uri mu x t is Se-ta n iT vasil ba r no vi am Za f r ebs armazisa da wm. ninos, war-marTobisa da qristianobis daundobel orTabrZolas. ar-qe ti p ul sa xe s T an Tvi so b r iv msga v se ba s T an er T ad, vasil ba r no v is ro ma nis mixedviT, ar ma z is ke r p is bu ne ba Si Se i ni S-ne ba ga n s x va ve bu li niS ne b ic. aq kerp-RvTa e ba ga a z re bu lia, ro g orc spa r se Ti d an Se mo su li sa r w mu no ebis an a re k li.

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uc xo d an mosul RmerTs es vi an qa r T ve l ni, ra d g an ar ma zi àm qve ya na Si qa r T v elT Rme r T s ve da h g va ne bia; mi u Ria aqau-ri sa xe, Tvi se ba. mci r ed ir Ce va mkvidr Rme r Te bi d an~ (gv. 519). ro g orc vxe d avT, ar ma zi vasil barnovis gansaxovne-baSi spa r su li wa r mo ma v lo b is qa r T ul tra di ci ebT an Se z-r di li Rme r Tia, ma ma pa p ur Zvel Rme r Te b ze am a R le bu li, me fe Ta mi er qve y n is sa si co c x lo in te re se b is da sa ca v ad aR ze ve bu li.

amrigad, vasil barnovi armazis gansaxovnebas, arqeti-puli saxis TvisebebTan erTad, axali gamomsaxvelobiTi niSnebiT amdidrebs da RvTaebriobis gancdac ufro sagrZ-nobi xdeba. aq armazis saxismetyvelebis dafaruli niSnebi cxaddeba da axleburi mimarTeba myardeba arqetipTan.

qarTlis mkvidrTaTvis ar ma z is ̀ mzis mo mfe n el~ bu ne ba-ze me t y ve l ebs `ninos cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili mzis dabnele-bis suraTi, rodesac sasowarkveTili mefe armazs SesTxovs naTlis dabrunebas. am mimarTebiT sayuradReboa Teimur az ba to ni S vi l is ìs to ri a Si~ msxve r p l is gaRe ba s T an da ka v-Si re b uli er Ti pa sa Ji: `mo i Re b d es wi na Se ar m az Rme r Ti-sa maTi sa sa m Te l Ta did di d Ta... da mra va l Ta aR a n Te b d es wi na Se mi s sa. ese ni S na v da ar ma zi sa uw mi n de si sa gan na T li-sa So bi le ba sa~ (Teimur az ba to ni S vi l i 1848: 192). ro g orc Cans, ar ma z is wi na Se da n Te bu li sa n Te li, si m bo lu r ad, ke r-pi sa g an na T l is So b as aR ni S na v da.

TxzulebaTa mixedviT, armazis, viTarca mzis gamomxat-vel miTologiur saxe-idead warmoCenas sxvadasxvagvari axsna eZebneba. Zve li qa r Tu li Tqmu le b is Ta na x m ad, mze Ca-s v li s as oq r os af r q v evs. SesaZloa vi fi q r oT, rom Ca ma va li mze Ta v is na T els ar ma z Si an i v T ebs. am i t om oq ro cu r vi li ar ma zi warmarTaTvis Rameuli mzis xatia, miwieri mze.

arsebobs aseTi Tqmu le b ac: mzes aqvs Ta vi si saxli. igi spi le n Zi saa. oqros rvaliT Semosili armazi spilenZis ker-pia, e.i. ar ma z is sa xe Si ga ni v Te bu lia mara di u li mzis su ra-Ti _ Ca ma va li mzis oq ro da mzis sa ku T re ba _ spi le n Z is sa x li, na T l is sa va ne mi wa ze. le o n ti mro ve l is Txzu le ba Si ga d mo ce mu li fa r na va z is si z ma r ic er T g va r ad uk a v Si r de-ba ar m az kerpis mzi u ro b as; farnavaz me fe mzis na Tel Ta naa wi l na ya ri da mziurobas anivTebs Tavis aRmarTul kerpSi,

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rad g an àm a n ve fa r na v az Se q m na ke r pi di di sa xe l sa ze da TÂssa: ese ars ar ma zi, ra me Tu fa r na v azs spa r su l ad ar m az er qua~ (le o n ti mro ve l i 1955: 25).

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT sa i n te re soa Salva am i ra na-S vi l is mi er Se s wa v li li er Ti ste la aR bu la x is ra i o ni d an (am i ra na S vi l i 1944: 54). es Ze g li mdga ra kva r c x l be k ze da mas Ta y v ans sce m d n en vi Ta r ca wm. gi o r g is xats. Salva am i-ra na S vi li azriT, es RvTa e ba ar m az ke r pia, ro me l s ac mke r-d ze ga mo sa xu li aqvs ori wre.

irakli su r gu la Ze `wi le di RvTa e be b isa~ da `na wi li a n-Ta~ Te o ri is kva lo ba ze aR ni S n avs, rom `rac Se e xe ba mke r-d ze ga mo sa x ul wre ebs... aq mna To b is ga mo sa xu le be bi un da gvqo n d es mo ce mu li~ (su r gu la Ze 1986: 133). safiqrebelia, rom kerp armazis saxes SemdgomSi Caenacvla wm. giorgis xati. aRniSnuli transformaciis saerTo safuZveli Sesa-Zloa mzisa da naTlis esTetika iyos.

vasil ba r no v is ro ma n Si ar m az ke r p is mzi u ri sa xe ba uf ro mkve T ra daa wa r mo Ce ni li da am kuTxiTaa gax s ni li Txzu le-b is mni S v ne lo va ni sa xe-id e e bi. gansakuTrebulia arma zo-bi s as ke r pi sa da mzis ur Ti e r Tobis am sa x ve li mxa t v ru li su ra Ti: `Te n de bo da dRe sa s wa u li. ic o da mzem, Ta vi si sa y-va re li Svi l is ar ma z is dRe o ba iyo da mTe li brwyi n va le b-iT iw yo Se mo s va. Se a r xia ais is frTe bi; va r d is fu r c le b is ma ra od ga Sa la al i o ni; am o s ci l da mna To bi mzis fxas da mi u lo ca ar m azs Ta vi si dRe: sxi v Ta mra v lo b iT ga da h ko c-na, ga da e x via. ga a xa ra ar m az dide bu li mzis Tbi l ma al e-r s ma, tkbi l ad aR e l va, sxivT bu n j g le bi ga u m ra v la mTel ar se ba Si, aal a p la pa. la ma zi iyo RvTa e b ri vi ma Ti al e r si~ (gv.552).

mzi s k en swra f vaa ar ma z is ax le bu ri mxa t v ru li Sinaar-sis am o sa va li pri ncipi. ro ma n Si ar ma z is ga mo m sa x ve lo bi-Ti yo ve li ni u a n si mzis mi m arT si m bo lu r ad metyvelebs. ase ma ga li Tad, `wm. ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b Si aR we ri-li arma z is el v is da r ad mbrwyi na vi xma li v. ba r no v is mxa-t v r ul wa r mo sa x va Si mzis sxi v ad ga ni c de ba: `da S n ad up y-ria sxi vi mzi sa fo la de bu li~ (gv. 505). mweralma àr ma z is msxvvre va Si~ me fe fa r na va z is sa f la v is aR we ri s as Se q m na me t ad mni S v ne lo va n sa xe-id e a Ta rTu li si s te ma: àr ma z is

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win, fa r na o z is sama re z ed, dru n gi l is lo di su f T ad na Ta-li. gars xve u li Cu qu r T ma ev lo va ra yi a ni. sa f la v is qvis Su a z ed Ca W de u li frTi an mzis sa xe sxi vo s ne bu li. mTe li mze oq ro d an na k ve ri~ (gv. 517). am erT ep i zo d Si Ta v mo y ri-lia wa r ma r Tu li es Te ti ku ri az ro v ne b is ga mo m xa t ve li sa xe-id e e bi: mze, mi si ga mo sa xu le ba mi wa ze _ ar ma zi; me fe-mze _ fa r na va zi; misi sa f la vi, da m S ve ne bu li ah u ra -ma z-d as si m bo lo frTo sa ni oqros mziT. yve la am sa x es msWva-l avs mzi sa da na T l is es Te ti ka. ro ma n is mi xe d v iT, ar ma z is wi na Se sa lo ca v ad mi su li ma ve d re be li mTel ar se biT eq ce-o da RvTi u r ga re mo c va Si: mze, ar ma zi, fa r na va zi. ar ma z is wi na Se mu x l mo y ri li mlo c ve li Su b l iT ex e ba fa r na va z is sa f l avs, ro me l ic wmi n da ad gi lia. es epizodi erT g va ri ga mo x ma u re baa le o n ti mro ve l is `me fe Ta cxo v re ba Si~ ga d-mo ce mu li cno bi sa: `... da mtki ce da uf ro si sa fi ca ri ma-Ti (qar T ve l Ta _ n. g.) iyo sa f la vi qa r T lo si sa~ (le o n ti mro ve l i 1955: 11). fa r na va z is mi m arT pa ti vi s ce ma ar ma zi s Ta y va ni s ce m as gu li s x mo b da da or i ve er T ad ki iyo mzis wi-na Se fi ci, wminda da gautexeli. ro ma n is mi xe d v iT, ar ma z is mzi ur Rme r T ad mi C ne v as ad a s tu r ebs is ga re mo bac, rom qu-ru m Tu xu ce s is gvi r g v ins am ko b da ara arma z is an T ro po mo-r fu li ga mo sa xu le ba, ar a m ed mzis di s ko. quru m Tu xu ce sis ke r pi sa d mi sa m sa xu ri ki mzis Ta y va ne b as gu li s x mo b da.

mzis ier sa x is mqo ne ar ma zi giorgi le o ni Z is sa xi s-metyve le ba S ic ga mo v li n da. po e ti qa r T ve li xa l x is up i r-ve l es RmerTs _ zu r mu x t iTa da bi v ri t iT Se m k ul ar m azs, mzis mo ci qu l ad mi i C n evs: `sa qa r T ve l os xa l xi od i T ga n ve ad i de b da mzes... eri mzis msa xu ri da na Te l Se mo q me di ar ic-no b da RmerTs ga re Se mzi sa. cxel qa l de a Si man ad i da as ta-r ta da sa r ki ne T is mxi a ru l mwve r va l z ed man Se a m ko ar ma zi oq ro iT, zu r mu x t iT da bi v ri t iT... ar ma z ic mzes em a gi e re-bo da da ro g orc mzis mo ci quli, Ta vi si uR i r so b is mi u xe-da v ad, ig ic pa ti v sa c em sa fe xu r ad iT v le ba qri s te m de~ _ wers po e ti (le o ni Z e 1986: 72).

am eses mixedviT, armazi iranuli warmomavlobis kerpia, elinizmiT Senelebuli da qarTulad ganaTebuli, viTarca bevri sxva ram arsebuli qarTul sinamdvileSi. giorgi le-o ni Z is mxa t v r ul wa r mo sa x va Si Ca r Tu li arma z is fe no me ni,

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am mxriv, vasil ba r no v is ro ma n Si xorcSesxmul spa r s T m f-lo be lo b is ma C ve ne b el da qa r T ul mi wa Si fe s ve b ga m d ga r ar ma z is mxa t v r ul sa x es ex mi a ne ba. maT So r is sxva o ba caa. giorgi le o ni Zi sa T v is ar ma z is sa xe ba po e zi i sa da mxa t v-ru li sit y va q m na do b is aR o r Zi ne ba s T an mi ma r Te biT ganixi-leba da mi si ga na x le ba qa r Tu li su li e re b is, es Te ti ku ri az ro v ne b is wi n s v l as mo a s wa v ebs.

Se mo q me d is xe d va Si ar ma zi qa r Tu li su l is Ta vi su f le- b is si m bo lo daa qce u li, ro me l ic am ze v de ba da ̀ di li m z es~ Se mo pa ti Je b is da r ad _ `mzev Sin Se mo dio~ _ sa ku T ar sxe-uls da u b ru n de ba: `be di s we r iT iv no saqa r T ve lo da dRes mze v de ba Ta vi su f le b iT, us a Tuod su l ic da u b ru n de ba sa ku T ar sxe uls, ro g orc na za m T ra li me r c xa li ga za f xu-li an sa m So b l os. ain Te ba ar ma zi... ain Te ba qa r Tu li su li~ (le o ni Z e 1986: 72-73). giorgi le o ni Zi se u li ar ma zi si y va-ru li T, im e d iT, si co c x l iT an Te b ul ma ra d m bo r g av qa r T ul suls ga mo xa t avs. am de n ad, qa r T ul cnobierebaSi ar ma z is fe no me ni ma ra di ul si ma R le Ta wvdo ma s eziara.

kerp-RvTa e ba ar ma z is sa x is gasaazreblad sayuradReboa guram do Ca na S vi l is ro ma n i _ `samo se li pi r ve l i~, romel-Sic kerpis saintereso saxeqmnadobas vxvdebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom Txro ba ex e ba ara romelime ko n k re t ul ke rps, ara m ed ka co b ri o b is is to ri is mo na ce me b ze da y r-d no b iT Se q m ni l sa xe-si s te mas, ro me l ic bi b li u ri ke r p is – `molo q es~ _ sa x els at a r ebs. av to r is mi er es ep i zo di mowodebulia Ta na me d ro ve cxo v re b is mtki v ne u li mxa re e-b is Se sa c no b ad. romanSi asaxul gadidgulebul adamians _ moloqes, armazis darad, kldis mwvervalze moesurva dgo-ma mo k v da v Ta saTvalTvalod. qarTul TxzulebaTa mixed-viT ki ar ma zi an T ro po mo r fu li ke r pia mxolod, mziuria da cocxali arsidan araa warmomdgari. Tumca ar un da da-vivi w y oT, rom igi fa r na va z ma Se q m na, Tavisi saxeli uw o da da formasTan erTad, kacobrivi buneba mianiWa morwmuneTa bedis gamrige kerps.

moloqes transformaciis gza _ adamianidan kerpamde, jojoxeTze gadis da, armazis msgavsad, araadamianur borotebamde ecema. orive kerpi sisxlismsmeli, SiSisa da morCilebis Camnergavi bunebisaa. maT `yo v li sa da fa ru-

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li sa ga mo meZi e be l ni~ (f 132) Tvalebi aqvT. ìm yu re bi s as mo lo qe igi _ go ro z de bo da, Ro n es ik re b da, um a g r de bo da wye u li gu li~ (do Ca na S vi l i 1982: 412); moloqem utifari cqeriT amoacala mezobel ianes guli da xarbad Seeqca mas; Semdeg TvalebSi gacxadebuli sicocxlis xelyofa moi-surva: `... av i da mo lo qe klde ze, si na m d vi le Si ki da R m arTs Ca u y va, jo jo xe Ti sa k en Ca cu r da ne la~ (do Ca na S vi l i 1982: 410), iq, sadac sisxlismsmeli armazi myofobs: `STaabnevda yovelTa sulTa kacTasa jojoxeTad~ (, 101).

guram do Ca na S vi l is mier aR we r ili kerpi mo lo q e qa r T-ve l Ta RvTa e b as ara ma r to Tvi se be biT, ar a m ed ga re g no bi-T ac em s ga v se ba. ke r pa d q ce u li mo lo qec, si k v di l is Se m d eg sa mu da mo mcve l ad rom hyo lo d aT, ad a mi a ne b ma spi le n Z iT mo We d es, ar ma zi v iT aal a p la p es da bro l is Tva le b iT Seam-kes. aq ve un da aR i ni S n os, rom `qa r T l is cxo v re b is~ Zvel so m x ur Ta r g ma n Si ar ma zi swo r ed bro l is Tvle bi Taa Sem-ku li. mo lo qe ke r p is spi le n Z is samoss Se m d eg mZi me bri n-jao da ve r c x li Ca e na c v la. ke r p is Zvi r f as li To n Si ga-mo sa x v is am g va ri gra da cia, Se sa Z loa, ar ma z uli tri a d is (armazi-gaci-gaimis oqros, vercxlisa da spilenZis ker-pebis) gamoZaxili iyos da moloqes saxelic maTi erTgvari gamaerTianebeli.

Zveli qarTuli literaturuli Zeglebis (leonti mro-veli, vaxuSti da Teimuraz batoniSvilTa Txzulebebis) mixedviT, kerp armazs msaxurebdnen sasuliero pirebi. maT qurumebs da kerpT-mRvdlebs uwodeben. `ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciebSi mogvebi cecxlmsaxur-Ta rangSi moixsenebian, ke r p T m sa xu re bi ki _ qu ru me b ad, ke r p T m R v d le b ad. qristian avtorTa mier es ori cneba mkveTradaa gamijnuli. TxzulebebSi ar iZebneba arc erTi SemTxveva maTi urTierT Canacvlebisa, qurumisa da mogvis funqcia zustadaa gansazRvruli. av to r Ta mi er qu ru m Ta da mo g v Ta cne be b is mkve T ri ga mi j v n a er o v nu li sa w yi se b-is win wa mo we vi sa da ga Z li e re b is ni S n iT aix s ne ba. am g va ri gziT cdi lob en qri s ti a ni av to re bi sparsuli tenden-ciebis da Z le v as, ro m l is tra di ci e b T an kav Si ri qa r Tu li es Te ti ku ri az ro v ne b is mi To lo gi ur-wa r ma r Tu li pe ri o-di d an mo m di na re obs.

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vasil ba r no v is ro ma n is mi xe d v iT, armazis qu ru mo ba mo g v Ta RvTismsaxurebis upirvelesi wodebaa, memkvidreo-biT gansazRvruli. mwerali Za l ze la ko nu r ad ax a si a T ebs mo g v Ta cxo v re b is wess qa r T ul si na m d vi le Si: `Se S fo Te-buli yo mo g v Ta ub a ni, xi d is yu r z ed hqo n d aT sa va ne. STa-mo ma v lo b iT mo s d ga m d aT maT qu ru mo ba... Ta na s wo ro b d n en qa r T ve le b T an mi w is trfo ba Si... qa r T v elT xa t ebs Se s T vi-se bo d n en. aR ar ar Ce v d n en ir a ni d an mo s ul Rme r Ta g an. Tu da a vi w y d aT am xa te b is sxva da s x va o ba?! iq n eb Rme r Te b ic da ka v Si r d n en erT ma ne T So r is!~ (gv. 545). ro ma n is mi xe d v-iT, ar m az ke r p is up i r ve l es msa x urs ba b eg qu ru m Tu xu ce si wa r mo a d g ens. aq Se m T x ve v iT araa qu ru m Tu xu ce si ba be g ad wo de bu li. cnobilia, rom sa sa ni d Ta di na s ti is da m fu Z ne b-l ad iT v le ba artar q se r q si, spa r se T is mo g v Ta uf ro s is _ ba be g is Svi li. ro g orc vxe d avT, spa r se T is mo g v Ta uf ro si da war ma r Tu li qa r T l is qu ru m Tu xe ce si er T sa da im a ve sa-x els _ ba b egs, at a r ebs, mxo l od er Ti ga n s x va ve b iT, sxva-da s x vaa ma Ti Ta na m de bo b is ga mo m xa t ve li si t y ve bi: `mo g vi~ da `qu ru mi~. àrmazis msxvrevaSi~ mo g vi da qu ru mi er Ti da im a ve re li gi i s _ zoroastrizmis _ mimdevarTa aRmniSv-neli cnebebia. vasil ba r no v is mi er maTi am g va ri ga a z re ba em i j ne ba Zvel qa r T ul Txzu le be b Si wa r mo d ge n il qri s ti-an av to r Ta po zi ci as.

kerpTa panTeonis erovnulobas amtkicebs Zvel qaTul literaturul ZeglebSi arsebuli monacemebi qarTlis me-feTa Sesaxeb. le o n ti mro ve l is Txzu le b is mi xe d v iT, spa-r se T is me fe, cecxl Ta y va ni s m ce me li qa s re, Ta v is Svils _ mi ri ans, rju l ad ga nu we s ebs: ìy os Svi li Ce mi or sa ve sju-l sa ze da: ma ma Ta Cu e n Ta ce c x li s m sa xu re ba sa da Tqu e n Ta ke r p Ta sa~ (le o n ti mro ve l i 1955: 65). aq mkveTradaa gami-jnuli ori religiuri mrwamsi, Tumca mirianis gamefeba maTi Tanaarsebobis erTgvar xelSemwyob pirobadaa war-modgenili.

va xu S ti ba to ni S v ili me fe fa r na j os Se sa x eb ambobs: àm-an Se i y va ra sju li spa r s Ta da mo i Zu l na ke r p ni qa r T ve l-Ta ni da hqmna sa ce c x le mcxe T as. am i sa T v is mo i Zu l es qa r T-ve l Ta, ra me Tu sa so e ba di di aq v n d aT ke r p Ta Tvi s Ta ze da~ (va xu S ti ba to ni S v ili 1973: 41).

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Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi l ic farnajos asaxelebs kerpebis moZuled da mcxeTaSi pirveli bomonis aRmSeneblad. ase rom, qristian avtorTa mier mkacradaa ga mi j nu li ke r p Ta-y va ni s m ce m lo ba ma z de a nu ri sa r w mu no e bisgan. pi r ve li _ iv e r Ta ma ma pa p ur rju l ad iwodeboda da er o v n ul mrwa m sa d iyo aRiarebuli, xolo me o re _cecxlTayvanismcemlobad. amas amtkicebs Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciebSi moyva-nili dapirispireba kerpTayvanismcemlebisa mzis msaxur mogvebTan, ebraelebTan da did caTa RmerTTan. avtorTa mtkicebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelwodeba àrmazi~ sparsuli warmomavlobisaa, qarTuli erovnuli RmerTia, romlis mteria zoroastrizmi, iudaizmi da qristianoba.

niko ma ri miuTiTebs cecxlTayvanismcemeli mo g ve b-is mtrul da mo ki de bu le b aze ar ma zi sa da za de n is mi m arT: `spa r si mo g ve bi la n Z Ra v d n en ar ma z sa da za d ens, anu or-m uzds da mi T r as, qa r T ve le bi ki me d g r ad id g n en ma Ti, vi-Ta r ca na ci o na lu ri Rme r Te b is, Ri r se b is da sa ca v ad~ (mari 1901: 11).

warmarTuli qarTlis sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas-Tan dakavSirebiT, TxzulebebSi gansakuTrebuli simZaf-raTaa gamJRavnebuli avtorTa pozicia _ er o v n ul id e a-l ebs da, Se sa ba mi s ad, mi s g an mo m di na re es Te ti k ur pri n ci-p ebs da u qvem de ba r on yo ve l g va ri movlena.

`ni n os cxo v re bis~ redaqciebSi gvxde ba ep i zo de bi, sa d-ac ke r p T an er T ad ce c x l ic moixseneba: `vi xi le e ri uc xoÁ uc xo Ta Rme r T Ta m sa xu ri, cecxlsa da qva Ta da Ze l Ta Ta-yu a n is-sce m d es~ (f 117). ke r pi da ce c x li erTad warmoid-gineba msxverplSewirvis aRwerisas. sidonias monaTxrobSi sefewulis SewirvasTan dakavSirebiT naTqvamia: `ce c x-li Ta da wu v ad da mtu e ri ga r da b ne v ad Ta v sa ke r pi sa sa~ (f 126).

ce c x li da ke r pi erTian sa f r T x edaa gancdili le o n ti mro ve li s Txzulebasa da `ni n os cxo v re b is~ zog reda q cia-Si, kerZod, na di ro b is win mi ri ans ̀ mouÃda uC i no igi mte ri, eS ma ki da STa u g do gu l sa si yu a ru li ke r p Ta da ce c x li sa~ (le o n ti mro ve l i 1955: 108).

ke r pi sa da ce c x lis Ta na a r se bo ba aRniSnulia mi ri an is wi g nsa da an de r ZSi: `Se Wa m na Svi l ni ma T ni ce c x l m an msxve r-

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p l ad ke r p Ta TÂs~ (, 158). mirian mefe Tavis anderZSi Zisad-mi yrma Ta ce c x l iT Se wi r v is sa pa su x od moiTxovs: `macdu-ri ke r p ni, ce c x li Ta da wu en da na ca ri ma Ti Se a su maT, vin maT eg lo v d is~ (f 162). es pa sa Ji me o r de ba va xu S ti da Te i-mu r az bato ni S vi l Ta Txzu le be b Sic.

qri s ti ani av to r ebis mixedv iT, kerpi misive msaxuri boroti ZaliT _ cecxliT unda moispos. vasil ba r no v is ro ma n S ic cecxls da mo u ki de be li fu n q cia ar ga a C nia. igi ke r p is sa m sa xu r Si dgas da msxve r p l Se wi r v is ri tu a l is Ta-n m x le bia. am a ve dros, igi mzis si m boloa.

amrigad, qristiani avtorebi qarTlis sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas mkveTrad mijnaven mazdeanobisagan. kerp-Tan SenivTebuli cecxli mxolod msxverplSewirvis ri-tualTanaa dakavSirebuli da misi erT-erTi aucilebeli komponentia. mazdeanur cecxls da mis msaxur mogvebs ki armazi mtrobs. TxzulebaTa ganxilvidan irkveva, rom qristian avtorebs mamapapur sarwmunoebasTan brZola ufro mniSvnelovan movlenad miaCniaT, vidre politiku-ri gavleniT damkvidrebul ucxo religiasTan _ mazdea-nobasTan. yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini amis mtkicebas cdilo-ben. miuxedavad imisa, rom TxzulebaSi araa gamoTqmuli sparseTTan politikuri Tu religiuri dapirispirebis arc arTi epizodi, swored masTan mZafri da faruli brZo-lis peripetiebia asaxuli.

`ni n os cxo v re bi s~ Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciidan ir k ve va, rom kerpTaTvis Zve l Ta ga n ve msxve r p l Sewi r v is ri tu a l ic sru l de bo da. si do ni as sityvebidan vigebT, rom `...armaz da za d en, ro me l ni iy no s d es su l m y ra lo b iT aT a s-sa su l sa yrmi sa pi r m SoÁsa sa, ar m az da za d en da Se sa wi ra v-ad uC n d es mSo be l Ta ma T Ta msxu e r p l ad... xo lo iy v n es ke r-p ni sxu a ni ca sa me fo ni: ga ci da ga. da Se i we r vo da ma Ta er Ti se fe wu li ce c x li Ta da wu v ad da mtu e ri ga r da b ne v ad Ta v sa ke r pi sa sa~ (f 126).

unda aRiniSnos, rom armazisadmi msxverplSewirva gan-sxvavdeboda `mamapapaTa~ kerpebis _ gacisa da gas _ ama-ve ritualisagan. kerZod, armazi ar moiTxovda èrTi sefewulis~ Sewirvas. avtorebma igi gamorCeuli sisasti-kiT aRWurves. misi `RvTaebrivi~ buneba mTeli eris (ùbra-

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loÁ eri igi~ _ 158) mier gaRebul aTasobiT yrmis sisxls iTxovda: `...armaz da zaden, romelTa qvanica daulpian sisxliTa CÂlTaÁTa~, , 168).

qristianma avtorebma armazi, Zvel kerpTagan gansxvave-biT, zorvis axali statusiT aRWurves, ukeTureba daumZi-mes da amiT qarTlis mkvidrTa cxovreba jojoxeTSi yofnas gauTanabres, raTa ufro mkveTrad warmoeCinaT qristes-mieri naTlis upiratesoba.

`ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciebSi kidev orjeraa naxsenebi kerpebisadmi yrmaTa msxverplSe-wirva: erTxel _ ninos xilvebSi, meored _ mirian mefis anderZSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom Txzulebis Semdgom redaq-ciebSi yrmaTa Sewirvis Cveulebis arseboba qarTlSi an xilvaTa sferos ganekuTvneba, an ignorirebulia, an saer-Tod uaryofili.

leonti mroveli `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ mxolod erTxel moixsenebs mas wm. ninos xilvebTan dakavSirebiT. avtori mizandasaxulad Cqmalavs zemoaRniSnul rituals da mas CvenebaTa sferos miakuTvnebs.

arsen beriseul redaqciaSi es movlena ar Cans. vaxuSti batoniSvili ZeTa da asulTa Sewirvis nacvlad mefe revis mier dawesebul cxovelTa Sewirvas aRwers, xolo Teimu-raz batoniSvilis Txzulebis mixedviT, yrmaTa Sewirva àra ars WeSmarit~ da igi yrmaTa aRzrdas niSnavs `mRvdlad kerpTa~, e.i. yrmaTa Cadgomas sasuliero wodebis samsa-xurSi. igi cdilobs, daarwmunos mkiTxveli, rom amgvari qmedeba qarTvelTa bunebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo da SvilTa msxverplSewirvas qristian avtorTa mier mogonil xerxad Tvlis.

vasil ba r no vi àr ma z is msxvre va Si~ msxve r p l Se wi r v is aR we ri s as zu s t ad ar mi h y ve ba Ta v is pi r ve l w ya ro s da am- Za f r ebs am ri tu a l is am sa x v el su r aTs. mas Se mo aqvs ar ma-z is sa m s x ve r p l os aR we ra, rac ig i ve bo mo nia da sa cecxle: `mo So re b iT, co ta ma r j v n iv, uz a r ma z ar lode bi sa g an Txzi li sa m s x ve r p lo. mo o T x vi li ge la ze bi da ku T x vi le-bi. aq Se s wi ra v d n en yo v l ad da sa wvels. gu n d ru k is kme va ga-nu w y ve te li~ (gv. 517). ro ma n is mi xe d v iT, msxve r p l Se wi r v a srul de bo da qu ru m is mi er ara si s x l iT, ara m ed ce c x l is

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gziT. pi r ve l wya ro Ta g an ga n s x va ve b iT, mxo l od di de b ulT Svi l ebs ir Ce v da igi msxve r p lad: `bevrT di de b ulT CCvi li Se s wi ro da aq ar m azs... Tu ar di d k acT Svils, msxve r p l ad sxvas ar mi i Re b da~ (gv. 517).

yovelive zemoTqmuli mogvyavs armazis viTarca `per-sonaJis~ dasaxasiaTeblad da misi paradigmulobis kidev erTi aspeqtis warmosaCenad.

TxzulebaTa ganxilvisas yuradRebas ipyrobs armazo-bis dResaswaulis aRwera. `ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciaSi armazoba udidesi mxatvruli simarT-liTaa gadmocemuli; droSebiTa da xalxiT savse armazis samkvidrebelSi erT gancdadaa Sekruli adamianisa da bunebis Sinagani urTierTmimarTeba. TxzulebaSi, ZiriTa-dad, gaSuqebulia armazobis mosamzadebeli etapi, cere-monialuri etiketi. aq saocari pompezurobiTaa aRwerili yoveli pasaJi, sazeimo da amaRlebuli ganwyobiTaa gaje-rebuli mTeli epizodi. safiqrebelia, rom dResaswaulis amgvar warmosaxvas garkveuli mizani aqvs: am didebuli, yovlismomcveli sanaxaobis fonze avtorebi amZafreben armazis, rogorc ganuWvreteli sibnelisa da misi sim-dablis fenomens. sakuTar dResaswaulze imsxvreva kerpi. aq armazoba Sekvecili formiTaa gaSuqebuli da ar aris mocemuli msxverplSewirvisa da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva epizodebi. `ninos cxovrebis~ danarCen redaqciebSic msgavsi suraTia.

`ninos cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili dResaswauli armazuli misteriebis saxiT aqvs gaazrebuli goCa kuWuxiZes. misi varaudiT, am misteriis dros mefe-dedofalma unda da-kargos sakuTari individualoba, isini axal sulierebaSi unda gardaisaxon _ `... armazobis dResaswaulze axal ada-mianebad gardaqmnis misteria aResruleba~ (kuWuxiZe 2006: 15-17).

vaxuSti batoniSvili ufro srulad gadmogvcems arma-zobis dResaswaulis aRweras, ara ise, rogorc iyo, aramed meti mxatvrulobiT da imgvarad, rogorc unda yofiliyo _ msxvelpSewirviT, lxiniT, `saxiobiTa da ZnobiT samdRe~ (vaxuSti batoniSvili 1973: 25).

vasil barnovma armazoba romanis finalad aqcia da mas

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warumZRvara Semdegi movlenebi: mzis dabneleba, mefis ka-ris sarwmunoebrivi meryeoba, armazis risxva (msxverplis miuRebloba), gamoxatuli kerpisagan xuTive grZnobis da-xSviT. am pasaJis arqetipi Zvel aRTqmaSi iZebneba: `ke r p ni wa r ma r T Ta ni oq ro sa ni da ve r c x li sa ni qmnu l ni Ãel Ta ka-c Ta ni; pir-aTqs da ara it y v an, Tu al-as x en da ara xe d v en, yur-as x en da ara es m is, cxÂr-as x en da ara iy no s en, Ãel-as x-en da ara ga ni xi l v en, fex-as x en da ara vle n an...~ (fsalm. 113, 4-7).

armazobis dResaswaulze vasil barnovma Cveul zorvas-Tan (kravis dawva) erTad ymis Sewirvis ritualic aRwera. `ni n os cxo v re b is~ Sa t be r d ul-We li S ur re da q ci a Si aR ni S-nu li ga ci sa da ga i m is mi m arT se fe wu l Ta Se wi r va mwerals ar ma z is Tvi se b ad ga d mo u ta nia. aq, `ni n os cxo v re bis~ re-da q ci a Ta g an ga n s x va ve b iT, mi ri a n is me fo bi s as da ka r gu la es Cve u le ba, ra d g an `sa qo n l is zva ra da e na c v la CCvi l Ta Se wi r v as~ (gv. 555). am g v ar cvli le b as aR we ri li mo v le ne b is ga m Za f re b is su r vi li ud evs sa fu Z v l ad. qarTlis mkvidrT msxverplSewirvis Zveli wesis dabrunebiT surdaT, daemt-kicebinaT Tavisi uryevi rwmena qveynis upirvelesi kerpi-sadmi, magram _ amaod, msxverpli ar Seiwira armazma. gan-risxebulma kerp-RvTaebam piri ibruna rwmenaSeryeuli xalxisgan: `fa ri Ce mi ar mfa r ve l obs maT, xma li Ce mi aR-ar sWris ma T T v is!~ (gv. 549). aRniSnuli epizodi emociuri simZafrisa da avismomaswavebeli winaTgrZnobis fonis Se-saqmneladaa mowodebuli da mxatvruli gamomsaxvelobiT gamoirCeva. `da bediswera... mainc mflobelobs~ (gv. 527), _ dasZens avtori, riTac gvaxsenebs, rom TviT RvTaebebsac ar ZaluZT istoriuli drois ukan Semobruneba.

RvTaeba armazi imTaviTve garkveuli mxatvrul-esTe-tikuri datvirTvis matarebeli iyo. igi gavlenas axdenda qarTuli esTetikuri msoflaRqmis ganviTarebaze, ramac momdevno epoqaTa mxatvrul azrovnebaSi pova Taviseburi asaxva. igi qarTlis moqcevis movlenaSi erT-erTi ZiriTa-di saxe-ideaa da, amdenad, masSi Serwymulia istoriuli sinamdvile da mxatvruli gansaxovnebis principebi. ar-ma z is ku l tu r ul-is to ri u li sa x is ga sa a z re b lad metad mniSvnelovania, da i Ze b n os is am o sa va li pri n ci pe bi, ro-

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m le b ic er Ti a n ad ga n sa z R v ra v d n en qa r T ve l Ta wa r ma r T-ul-mi To lo gi ur wa r mo d ge ne b s ac, `ni n os cxo v re b is~ Sa t-be r d ul-We li S ur re da q ci a Si kerp-RvTa e ba ar ma z is ga n sa-xo v ne ba s ac da ax al dro Si Se q m n il sa xe e b s ac. qarTvelTa armazis gansaxovnebis gaxsna SesaZlebelia sarwmunoeb-rivi aRmsareblobis, istoriuli fonisa da esTetikuri idealebis mWidro kavSiris meSveobiT. armazis saxis ukeT gacnobierebis mizniT, saWirod vTvliT, TxzulebaTa mi-xedviT, warmovaCinoT misi aRmmarTveli mefe farnavazis pirovnuli arsi.

leonti mrovelma fa r na va zi s gzis ga m k va la vad mi si ve si z ma ri dasaxa, ro me l ic TxzulebaSi Za l ze mni S v ne lo v an mxa t v rul sa x es wa r mo a d g ens. `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ farna-vazis sizmari ara marto saxismetyvelebiT, aramed saaz-rovno saxe-ideas qmnis. unda aRiniSnos, rom teqstSi mzis xilvis aRwera, TavisTavad, naTlis ganfenis momaswavebe-lia. amave dros mna To b is Su qi s zemoqmedeba (`mo e r t ya we-l Ta mi s Ta, ga ni zi da da gani y va na~ _ leonti mroveli 1955: 21), cis ka ba do n ze misi Ca mo q ve i Te ba (ìx i la mze que-mda b-l ad~ _ iqve) da mnaTobis cva r is ga Ta vi se ba (`mohÃoca cu-a ri pi r sa mzi sa sa da ic xo pi r sa mi s sa~ _ iqve), fa r na va zis mzis `na wi li a no ba ze~, mo ma va li mze Ta-mze me f is ga mo r Ce u-lo ba ze me t y ve lebs.

mecnierebaSi aRniSnulia, rom saxeli `fa r na va zi~ ni S-n avs brwyi n va le ba sa da na T els, zeci ur madls, mzi u ro b-as, me f ur di de ba sa, mWe r me t y v els (m.janaSvili, s.kakabaZe, s.makalaTia, m.andronikaSvili). fa r na va z is RvTi u ro b is ma C ve ne be lia mi si sa q me e b ic. ma T g an ori _ uS u a lo ka v Si-r Sia mis sa xe l wo de ba s T an; er Ti _ fa r na va z is en a m ze o ba: àm an ga na v r co ena qa r Tu li, da ar Ra ra iz ra xe bo da sxva ena qa r T li sa Si na TÂni er qa r Tu li sa. da am an Se q m na mwigno b-ro ba qa r Tu li~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 26), da me o re _ Ta-vi si ve `brwyi n va le~ sa xe l is Se sa ba mi si mzi u ri ke r p is aR-ma r T va sa me fo qa la q Si: àm a n ve fa r na v az Se q m na ke r pi di di sa xe l sa ze da TÂssa. ese ars ar ma zi, ra me Tu fa r na v azs spa-r su l ad ar m az er qua. am a r Ta ke r pi igi ar ma zi Ta v sa ze da qa r T li sa sa, da mi e ri T g an ew o da ar ma zi ke r pi sa misTÂs. da qmna sa t fu re ba di di ke r pi sa misTÂs aR ma r Te bu li sa~

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(leonti mroveli 1955:25). yo ve li ve ze mo a R ni S nu l is Se de g ad Se g vi Z lia vTqvaT,

rom le o n ti mro ve l is Txzu le ba Si as a xu li fa r na v az me f is pi ro v ne ba RvTis da, ke r Zod, mzis `na wi li a nia~. mi si sa xe l-wo de b ac na T l is ga mo m xa t ve lia da qa r T lis pi r ve li qa r T-lo si a ni me f is sa q me n ic mzi u ri siZ li e r is, si di a d is, si wmi n-d is gacxade baa.

Zvel qa r T ul Txzu le ba Ta mi xe d v iT, me fe fa r na vazs spa r su l ad ar ma zi er q va, rac ah u ra-ma z d as gvi andel fo r-m as wa r mo a d g ens, ise viT or mu z di, or ma z di da arama z di. am sa xe l wo de b ebs xSi r ad at a re b dnen sa sa ni d Ta, as e ve so m-xe T is me fe e bi. ase rom, ga sa k vi ri araa fa r na va z is spa r s ul sa xe l wo de b ad _ ar ma z ad xmo ba.

vasil ba r no v is ro ma n Si fa r na v az me f is sa f la vi swo r ed ah u ra-ma z d as si m bo lo _ frTo sa ni mzi u ri di s ko Tia aR-be W di li, riTac avtori mefis am RvTaebasTan siaxloveze migvaniSnebs: àr ma z is win, fa r na o z is sa ma re z ed, dru n gi-l is lo di su f T ad naTa li. gars xve u li Cu qu r T ma ev lo va-ra yi a ni. sa f la v is qvis Su a z ed Ca W de u li frTi an mzis sa xe sxi vo s ne bu li. mTe li mze oq ro d an na k ve ri~ (gv. 517).

ar m az ke r p is aR ma r T va s T an da ka v Si re b iT va xu S ti da Te-i mu r az ba to ni S vi l Ta Txzu le be b Si na T q va mia, rom fa r na-va z ma `... aR ma r Ta ig i mTa sa ze da qa r T lo si sa sa f la v sa ze-da qa r T lo si s sa~ (Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li 1848: 117).

le o n ti mro ve l is `me fe Ta cxo v re ba Si~ ki vki T xu lobT, rom qa r T l is mkvi d r Ta `... mtki ce da uf ro si sa fi ca ri... iyo sa f la vi qa r T lo si si~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 11). am-a s T an da ka v Si re b iT sa yu ra d Re boa erTi cnoba, ro m l is mi xe d v iT, si ri a Si, me fe er va n du n is sa f la v ze aR ma r Tu li yo fi la ar m az-ze v s is qa n da ke ba. ase rom, sxva qve y n is is to-ri a S ic me fe Ta sa f la v ze ar a ma z d is qa n da ke b is ar se bo ba da da s tu re bu li faqtia.

le o n ti mro ve l is Txzulebis mixedviT, fa r na v az me f is sa q mi ano ba qa r T lo s is mo R va we o b is Ta na zi a ria; qa r T lo si `... ga n vi da mTa sa mas ze da, ro me l sa ew o de b is ar ma zi da pir-ve l ad Se q m na si ma g re ni mas ze da, da iS e na mun-ze da sa x li, da uw o da mTa sa mas sa xe li Ta vi si TÂsi sa qa r T li. da vi d re aR-ma r Te ba m de mun-ze da ke r pi ar mazi si er qua mTa sa mas qa r T-

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li, da mis ga mo ew o da yo ve l sa qa r T l sa qa r T li...~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 8) da `mo ku da qar T l os da da f l es igi Ta v-sa ze da qa r T li sa sa, ro me l sa aw ew o de b is ar ma zi~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 8).

me fe fa r na va z m ac ar m az ke r p is aR ma r T v iT Ta vi si spa r-su li Se sa t y vi si sa xe li da s do qa r T l is mTa sa da qa l aqs _ ar ma zi. fa r na va zi-ar ma zi ̀ ... da f l es wi na Se ar ma zi sa ke r pi-sa~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 26), ar ma z is mTa ze, vi Ta r ca qa r T-lo si _ qa r T l is mTa ze.

mose ja na S vi li aR ni S n avs, rom `pi r v el kacs sa qa r T ve-lo Si er q va qa r T lo si /qarT /l/ osi/, pi r v el qalaqs qarT /l/i, pi r ve li sa fi ca ri iyo sa f la vi qar T lo si sa~ (ja na S vi-li 1906: 92). am is msga v s ad, pi r v el qa r T lo si an me f es er q va far na va zi _ ar ma zi, pi r v el qa l aqs (da ni S nu le b iT) _ ar ma-zi, pi r v el sa fi c ars _ ke r pi ar ma zi.

qa r T l is Zi ri Ta di kerp-RvTa e bis fu n q ci u ri da t vi r-T v is ga sa r k ve v ad, sa Wi r od vTvliT, da iZebnos msga v se ba-ga n s x va ve b is sfe ro e b i zo ro a s t ri z m is mTa v ar RvTa e ba _ ah u ra-ma z da s T an, risi safuZvelic `ninos cxovrebis~ re-daqciebSia mocemuli, upirveles yovlisa, mefe farnava-zis sparsul àrmazdad~ saxeldebaSi.

Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li Ta v is ìs to ri a Si~ ga mo yofs fa r na va z is mi er ar m az ke r p is aR ma r T v is mi z nebs: qve ya na-Si me fo bi Ti mma r T ve lo b is Se mo Re bas, ris ga m oc `fa r na v-az qmna up i r ve l ess Rme r T ad ar m az de de u l Ta sa m So b lo Ta TÂsTa ke r pi~ (Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li 1848: 84); aseve _ ̀ ...xo-lo am isTÂs aR ma r Ta ke r pi ese arma zi sa, vi naÁdgan uy va r da de daÁ Tvi si fri ad, rome l ma n ca ob lo ba sa da uc xo o ba sa aR z r da sa Si na Zi sa TÂsi sa fri a di Rva w li da s d va fa r na va-z sa zeda...~ (Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li 1848: 117) da `me o r ed am isTÂs ro m el fa r na vazs ori sa xe li ew o da, ese igi fa r na-v az _ ar m az~ (Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li 1848: 117).

Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi l is mi er aRniSnuli sa mi ve mi z n is ga n m sa z R v re lia spa r su li po li ti ku ri ga v le na, rac ar Cans `ni n os cxo v re bis~ re da q ci e b Si. ga n s x va ve b iT yve la wyaro sa g an, igi ar m az is ki d ev erT saxe l wo de b as gva w v d is, romelic ormuzdTan, ahura-mazdasTanaa dakavSirebuli: `So T Ta TÂT ke r pi sa mis arma zi sa iyo sa xe li ve, vi na i d an

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ar m az Rme r T sa uw o de b d es or mu z ad So T T as~ (Te i mu r az ba-to ni S vi li 1848: 192).

ah u ra-ma z d as yo v li s Se m q m n el bu ne b as ex mi a ne ba arma z is ku l tu ru l-istoriuli sa x is ga n m sa z R v re li ni S ne bi: `so-f l is mpyro be li~, `mzis mo m fe ne li da wvi mi sa mo m ce me li~, di d Ta na yo f Ta ga mo m Re bi da ga n ma z r de li. av e s t as erT-er Ti ga T is mi xe d v iT, mze ah u ra-ma z d as Tva lia. ar ma z is Zvi r fa s bi v ri t is Tva l S ic mzea Casa x le bu li. ar ma z is ah-u ra-ma z da d an wa r mo ma v lo b as am tki c ebs so me x Ta wa r ma r T-ul pa n Te o n Si um a R l es RvTa e b ad zo ro a s t ri z m is uz e na e si Se mo q me d is mi wi eri xa t is, ar ama z d is, ar se bo ba. qa r T ve l-Ta da so me x Ta ar m az-ar a ma z d is identurobaze me t y ve l ebs `ni n os cxo v re b is~ Sa t be r d ul-We li Su ri re da q ci is er Ti ep i zo di: me fe mi ri a ni wm. ni n os ku r ne b is Za l is mi ni We b as arm azs mi a w ers da mo ci q ul qals mis as u l ad racxs: `ro m-li sa RmrTi sa ZaliTa iqm sa q me sa am as ku r ne bi sa sa? anu xar Sen as u li ar ma zi si~ (f 131). me f is amgvari Tvalsazrisi ki so m x ur re li gi ur wa r mo d ge n as uk a v Si r de ba _ qa l R v Ta e ba na nes ar ama z d is as u l ad miCneva. savaraudoa, rom swo r ed wm. ni n os sa xe l is msga v se ba ar ama z d is asul RvTa e ba na ne-s T an af i q re bi n ebs mi ri ans maT ig i ve o ba ze. amgvari wa r mo-d ge ne b is sa Ta ve ki zo ro a s t rizmidan mo m di na re obs, sa d ac ah u ra-ma z d as me u R le da as u lia RvTa e ba an a hi ta.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b sa da is to ri ul Txzu le-be b Si as a xu li ar ma z is fe no me ni ar iZleva im is sa Su a le b-as, rom igi mTli a n ad ga va i gi voT ahura-ma z da s T an. qa r T ul si na m d vi le Si kerp-RvTa e ba ar ma zma, ahu ra-ma z d as da r ad, ver am a R l da, ver da i m k vi d ra sa m f lo be l o mze ze ze m oT. igi mzis xatad, misi `naTlis momfenlad~ iq ca. bu ne b iTa da sa xe l de b iT spa r su li RvTa e ba, ro me l ic mzi sa da ce c x l is Ta y va nebas gu li s x mo b da, Se e T vi sa ad gi lo b r iv mzis kults da msxve r p l Se wi r v is Ta n m x l eb cecxls sti qi as, ma ma-pa pa-Ta Zveli Rme r Te b is gve r d iT ga i d ga fe s ve bi; im de n ad `ga-qa r T ve l da~, rom qa r T l is mkvi d r Ta re li gi ad iq ca. yo v el Se m T x ve va Si, Zvel qa r T ul Txzu le ba Ta da is to ri u li wya-ro e b is mi xe d v iT, igi er o v n ul ku l tu r ul-is to ri ul sa-xe daa wa r mo d ge nili.

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vasil ba r no v is ro ma n S ic ar ma zi spa r s Tme u fe b is ma C ve-ne b el, qa r T ul re li gi ur wa r mo d ge n ebs Se r w y m ul da sa xe-Se c v l il mxa t v r ul fe no me n ad aR i q me ba: àrmazi... am qve ya-na Si qa r T v elT Rme r T sa ve da h g va nebia; mi u Ria aq a u ri sa xe, Tvi se ba. mci r ed ir Ce va mkvidr Rme r Te bi d an~ (gv. 19). ro-ma n is mi xe d v iT, ga qa r T ve le bu li ke r pi ma inc uc xo, ga re Se RvTa e ba daa mi C ne u li, ro me l s ac `ga re w r ad~ eT a y va ne bi an qa r T l is mkvi d r ni: ̀ ar swamT maT ar m az; Ta y v ans sce m en mxo-l od ga re w r ad~ (gv. 504). vasil ba r no vi se ul ar ma z is mxa t-v ru li ga n sa xo v ne ba em ya re ba da aer Ti a n ebs `ni n os cxo v re-bis~ re da q ci e bi sa da is to ri ul Txzu le ba Ta mo na ce m ebs. igi li te ra tu ru l ad da x ve wi li, Si na ga ni stru q tu r iT mo-we s ri ge bu li sa xe-ideaa.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b Si qa r T ul er o v nul RvTa-e b ad mo a z re bu li ar ma z is mxa t v ru li sa x is ga sa x s ne l ad, sa Wi r od vTvliT, sa me c ni e ro li te ra tu ra ze da y r d no b iT (m.boisi, i.boriCevski, d.Santeni de la sosei, k.kekeliZe, s.makalaTia), ga mo v k ve T oT mi si mi ma r Te ba RvTa e ba mi T ra s-T an. qri s ti a no b is ga v r ce le ba m de, ro g orc cno bi lia, Zvel mso f li o Si erT-er Ti uZ li e re si re li gia iyo mi T ra i z mi, si na T li sa da mzis Rme r T is _ mi T ra s T an da ka v Si re bu li rwme na. mi T r as ku l ti aq a me ni d Ta dros ga Z li e r da spa r se-T Si, sa i da n ac igi swra f ad ga v r ce l da mci re az i a Si, ga n sa-ku T re b iT, po n to sa da ka ba do ki a Si. mi T r as ku l ti aqedan da sa v le T Si po m pe u s is mxe d ro b am Se i ta na da ro m is im pe ri-a Si igi mzis Rme r T ad iq ca. mi T ra i z mi Za l ze ga v r ce le bu-li iyo Zvel so m xe T S ic (g.ezovi, n.emini, eRiSe vardapeti, t.treversi), sa d ac RvTa e ba `mihr~-ad iw o de bo da da or mu-z d is Svi l ad iyo mi C ne u li. mi T r as ku l ti arsbobda Zvel sa-qa r T ve lo S i (n.mari, k.kekeliZe, p.ingoroyva, i.javaxiSvili, v.nozaZe, s.makalaTia, S.amiranaSvili, a.afaqiZe da sxv.). aR-ni S nu lia, rom qa r T ve l Ta yo fa Si mi T r as ku l t is ga v r ce-le b as ni a da gi hqo n da mo m za de bu li mzis ku l t is ar se bo b-iT.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e bi sa da is to ri uli Txzu-le be b is Se s wa v l is Se de g ad SesaZlebeli xdeba daiZebnos RvTa e ba mi T ra sa da ar m az ke r p is mxa t v r ul gaaz re ba Si ur-Ti e r T ga da m k ve Ti sfe ro e bi. orive maTgani dakavSirebu-

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lia mzis fenomenTan: mi T ra mu d mi v ad ma na To be li Rme r Tia; ar ma zi ki mzis sa xea da ma s Si ga ni v Te bu lia ma ra diuli mze. ar ma zi da mi T ra mo ci qu lo b en ca sa da mi w as, adami a n sa da mzes So r is. ar ma z is ga n sa xo v ne ba Si si m bo lu r ad miniSnebu-lia mi T ra i z mi sa T v is ni Sa n do b li vi sa m ya r os Se m q m ne li 4 el e me n t is flo ba; ke r Z od, I - mi w is na yo fi e re ba _ `nayo f-Ta ga n m z r de l ni~ da `di d Ta na yo f Ta mo m ce me l ni~ (f 132); II _ wya li _ `wÂmi sa mo m ce me l ni~; III _ ce c x l is ar se bo ba ke-r p T an; IV - ha e ri (wm.ni no ar ma z is `ha e r is su l iT~ qro l v as aR ni S n avs). am de n ad, iq m ne ba tri a da: mze - ar ma zi - mi T ra.

mi T ra sa da ar ma z is ga re g n ul aR we ri lo ba S ic iZ e b ne ba sa e r To ni S an-Tvi se bebi. ieST-sa d es erT-erT hi m n Si na T q-va mia, rom mi T ra ve r c x l is Ca f xu ti a ni mxe da ria, ta n ze ac-via oq r os ab ja ri, hki dia ga m g mi ra vi xa n ja li, xelT uW i-r avs grZe li ma x vi li da TeTr cxe n ze zis.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci a Ta mi xe d v iT, mi T r as am g v ar sa x es em s ga v se ba qa r T ve l Ta ar ma zi: àha dga ka ci er Ti spi-le n Zi saÁ, da ta n sa mi s sa ecua jaWÂ oq roÁsaÁ da Ca f xu ti oqroÁsaÁ. da xe l sa mi s sa aq u n da Ãrma li le su li~ (f 119).

mi T r as RvTa e b ri vi ga mo sa xu le ba dro Ta ga n ma v lo ba Si Se i c va la. ep i fa ne an ti o qe l is (I s. q.w.) sa mar x Si Se mo r Ce n il ba re li e f ze si na T l is Rme r Ti sa d Re sa s wa u lo sa mo si Ta da na T l is brwyn va le sfe ro Tia Se m ku li. aq mi T ra wa r mo d ge-ni lia, vi Ta r ca gvi r g vi no sa ni me fe.

Tu ga da v xe d avT va xu S ti ba to ni S vi l is Txzu le b as, da-vi na x avT, rom `ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b T an Se da re b iT ar ma z is aR we ri lo ba Si ga r k ve u li cvli le be bia Se ta ni li: àr m az... rva li sa, di di, cmu li oq r os ja v Sa ni Ta, ro me l sa sxdnen Tu a l ni qva Ta Zvi r fa s Ta ma na To be l Ta da gÂrgÂni Ta v sa mi s sa eg re T ve ma na To be l Ta qvaTa~ (va xu S ti ba to ni S-vi l i 1973: 16). ir k ve va, rom oq r osCa f xu ti ani ar ma z is ar qe-ti p ul sa x es ma na To b eli Tvle b iT Se m ku li, gvi r g vi no sa ni ker pu li xa te ba Ca e na c v la. Ti T q os aq ac me o r de ba mi T r as ga mo sa xu le b is cvli le ba. RvTa e ba Ta ga re g nu li aR we r is ze d mi we v ni Ti Ta n x ve d ra gva fi q re bi n ebs, rom ar ma z is ga n-sa xo v ne ba ze ga v le n as ax de n da mi T ra.

si ke T is da ra ji da bo ro te ba s T an mu d am me b r Zo li mi T-ra me o ma r Ta mfa r ve li, da u ma r c xe be li Rme r Tia. am Tvi se-

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ba Ta an a re k li Cans Zv.qa r T ul Txzu le beb Si aR we r ili ar-ma z is sa b r Zo lo aR ka z mu lo ba Si c. Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi l is Txzu le ba Si ga mo k ve Ti lia ar ma z is me b r Zo li sa xe; mi s g an `xmlis mkve Te lo ba sa~ da mkla v is si Z li e r es iT xo v en qa r T-l is mkvi d r ni.

`ni n os cxo v re b is~ re da q ci e b Si wa r mo Ce ni l mo v le na Ta mi R ma Se i ni S ne ba zo ro a s t ri z m is re li gi is mTa va ri pri n-ci pi _ si ke Ti sa da bo ro te b is brZo la, ro me l ic, Txzu le-b is mi xe d v iT, ar ma zi sa da ìT ru Sa nis~ Wi di l Si ais a xe ba.

mi T r as msga v s ad, ar ma z ic ad a mi a n Ta mxsne l ad gve v li ne-ba. ga vi x se n oT ar ma z is msxvre v is ep i zo di Satbe r d ul-We-li Su ri re da q ci idan: `ma S in ivl to da yo ve li ka ci so f l ad da qa la q ad, da eca maT droÁ, raÁTa Se i W r n en ka c ni sa yo f l ad~ (f 121). amdenad, warmarTTa warmodgeniT, ar ma zi sa da iT-ru Sa n is brZo l as, xa l x is msxve r pli ar mo h yo lia; Tumca, qristianTa rwmeniT, es xsna qristesmieri ZalisxmeviTaa mopovebuli.

sergi ma ka la Ti as ga mo k v le v is mi xe d v iT (ma ka la Ti a 1938: 24), sa qa r T ve lo Si ga v r ce le b ul mi r sa-mi T r as ku l t Si ja n-m r Te lo b is mo m ni We be li RvTa e b is Tvi se ba n ic Cans, rac, Cveni azriT, mefe mirianis mier armazs miewereba (ninos kurnebebTan dakavSirebiT).

ar ma zi sa da mi T r as TvisebaTa So r is be v ri ram sa e r Toa. gza sa c de n il Se m co de Ta mi m arT or i ve Su ri s ma Zi e be lia da mka c r ad iT xo v en fi c is er T gu le b as. aT a si yu ri sa da aTi aT a si Tva lis mqo nea mi T ra; `yo v li sa da fa ru li sa ga mo me-Zi e bel~ ar m azs bi v ri t is Tva l iT mze ra ax a si a T ebs; si k v di-l is Se m d eg su le b is ga n m s je lia mi T ra; el va re xmliT si k v-d il-si co c x l is ga m ri gea ar ma zi.

yo ve li ve ze mo T q mu l is mi xe d v iT, cxadi xdeba armazisa da miTras fizikuri da bunebiTi msgavseba. ir k ve va, rom fu n q ci u r ad da sa xe o b ri v ad ar ma zi da mi T ra er T ma n eTs em s ga v se bi an. or i v es ax a si a T ebs mzi u ro ba, ze ci u ro bi sa da qve y ni e re b is da ma ka v Si re be li Za l mo si le ba. mi T ra da ar ma-zi bu ne b is Za l Ta gam ri ge RvTa e be bia, ro me l T ac ad a mi a n Ta xsna da mfa r ve lo ba ev a le b aT. is i ni me b r Zo li, xma l Se ma r-Tu li me o m re bi arian, ga nu w y ve t l iv rom eb r Z vi an bo ro-te b as (mi T ra _ ar i m ans, ar ma zi _ iT ru S ans). am a s Ta na ve,

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or i ve gu l Ta m xi la vi da yo v li s m W v re te lia, bo ro te bi s, Ra la t is ma m xi le be lia. ma Ti Su ri s Zi e b is grZno ba na ca r -tu t ad aq c evs gza sa c de n il mlo c ve l ebs, ke Ti li s m yo f el Ta y va ni s m ce m l ebs ki ux vi wya lo ba en i We b aT maTgan . mi T ra da `li te ra tu ru li~ ar ma zi sa m ya r os Se m q m ne li oT xi el e-me n t is mflo be le bi ar i an; am a s Ta na ve, `mzis mo m fe ne l ni~, `wvi m is mo m ce me l ni~, `nayofTa ga n ma z r de l ni~ RvTa e be bi _ ga re g no bi T ac er T ma n eTis msgavsi. am de n ad, ̀ ni n os cxov-rebis~ re da q ci e b Si mzis mxa t v r ul sa x ed gaazre b uli ar ma-z is ar qe ti pu li xa ti mi T ra s ac ukavSi r de ba.

goCa kuWuxiZis azriT, farnavazis mier aRmarTuli ker-pi _ armazi, Tavisi SinaarsiT miTras Seesabameba, Tumca ìgi TviTmyofadi RvTaebaa da ara _ miTras identuroba~ (kuWuxiZe 2000: 77), qarTuli armazi Sualeduri rgolia iransa da roms Soris.

ar ma z is li te ra tu r ul sa xe Si mra va li wi na sa x is ni S an-Tvi-se ba Ta ga m T li a ne ba sa v se b iT ga sa ge bia. am gziT Se sa Z le be-li xde ba er Ti a n ad da Z le u li yo wi na q ri s ti a nu li RvTa e ba-ni. ga sa ge bia Se m d eg sa u ku ne e b Si ar ma z is sa x is cvli le b ac. es as a xa v da sxva da s x va epo q is esTetikur idealTa, po zi ci-aTa cva le ba do b as ar a q ri s ti a nu li rwme n is mi m arT. ar ma z is literaturul sa xe Si Cans zo ro a s t ri z m is er Ti et a pi d an me o re ze ga da s v l is pro ce si, ad gi lo b ri vi mzis ku l t is Se-na r Cu ne b iT. amitomac armazis kulturul-istoriul sa-xeSi SegviZlia moviazroT zogierTi niSani ahura-mazdasi, miTras kultisa da qarTuli erovnul-warmarTuli war-modgenebisa. erT modelSia warmoCenili amgvari trans-formacia.

me u fe kerp ar ma zi sa da mi si aR m ma r T ve li me fe far na v az-ar ma z is ur Ti e r T ka v Si r is ga sa a z re b l ad sa yu ra d Re boa ke-r p is uk a na s k ne li msa xu r is, qa r T l is bo lo wa r ma r Ti da pi-r ve li qri s ti a ni me f is sa xe, `... ro me l sa er qua spa r su l ad mi h r an, xo lo qa r Tu l ad mi ri an...~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 65). me fe mi ri a n is sa xe li, Ta na x m ad is to ri u li wya ro e bi sa, rac da da s tu re bu lia sa me c ni e ro li te ra tu ra Si (n.mari, g.meliqiSvili, k.kekeliZe, s.makalaTia, m.andronikaSvili), spa r su lia da mi T ra d an mo m di na re obs.

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le o n ti mro ve l is Txzu le ba Si Tva l sa Ci no daa war mo-Ce ni li me fe mi ri a n is sa x is mi ma r Te ba fa r na v az me fe s T an. Txzu le b is mi xe d v iT, mi ri a ni aR i a re b da ma mi sa g an da ka no-ne b ul rjuls: `da iy os Svi li Ce mi or Ta ve sju li sa ze da: ma ma Ta Cu e n Ta ce c x l is-msa xu re ba sa da Tqu e n Ta ke r p Ta sa~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 65). man fa r na va zis aR ma r Tu li me-u fe-ke r p is up i r ve le so ba aR i a ra da, am a s Ta na ve, Ta y va ni sca da na r C en eqvs ke r p sa da cecxls. am de n ad, me fe mi ri a ni fa r na va z is sa q me Ta ga m g r Ze le b l ad da ga n ma m t ki ce b l ad gvevli ne ba.

mecnierTa Soris (lela patariZe, rostom CxeiZe) aRniS-nulia farnvazisa da mirian mefis saxeTa urTierTgamWoli sferoebi.

`mefeTa cxovrebis~ mi xe d v iT, fa r na v az me f is sa ma ga-li To sa q me e b iT STa go ne bu l ma me f em, ra Ta mi si Ri r se u-li me m k vi d re o ba da e m t ki ce bi na, `hma ta Se m ko ba ke r p Ta da bo mo n Ta, ke Ti l ad ip y r na qu ru m ni ke r p Ta ni~ (leonti mro-veli 1955: 65) da `... yo ve l Ta me fe Ta qa r T li sa Ta um e t es aR a s ru le b da msa xu re ba sa mas ke r p Ta sa, da Se a m ko sa f la vi fa r na va zi si~ (iqve). fa r na v az me f is sa f la v is Se m ko ba mi ri-a ni sa g an kvlavac mis sa q me s T an wi l na ya ro b as mo a s wa ve b da. fa r na va z ma qa r T lo s is sa f la vi s pa ti vi s ce ma ar m az ke r p-is aR ma r T v iT ga mo xa ta. TxzulebaTa ganxilvidan irkveva, rom me f em ara ma r to rwme n is sfe ro Si ga mo i Ci na fa r na va z-is sa q mi sa d mi er T gu le ba, ar a m ed me fe-mzis Se q m ni li `mwi-g no b ro ba qa r Tu li~ sa ku T ar en a m ze o b ad aqcia: `Se i yu a r na qa r T ve l ni, da da i vi w ya ena spa r su li da is wa va ena qa r Tu-li~ (leonti mroveli 1955: 65). da bolos, yvelaze mTavari: orive mefe saqarTveloSi axali religiis fuZemdeblad gvevlineba. farnavazi armazis damamkvidrebelia qarTul sinamdvileSi, miriani _ qristesmieri naTlis. am g va r ad, le o n ti mro ve l is mi er mi ri a n is sa x is ar qe ti p ad me fe fa r-na va z is cxo v re ba da mo R va we o ba cxa d de ba.

ro g orc uk ve aR v ni S n eT, arma z is ku l tu r ul-is to ri ul sa xe Si sarwmunoebriv id e a Ta cvli le be bia aR be W di li. mi-ri a n is sa xe li mi T ra d an mo m di na re obs da ma s T an ka v Si r ze mi u Ti T ebs. aq ac msga v se baa fa r na va z is am be b T an. me fe fa-r na va z ma, rogorc vi c iT, Ta vi si spa r su li sa xe l de b is _

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armazis, ke r pi aR ma r Ta da igi Ta vi si qve y n is re li gi ad aq-cia; me fe mi h r an-mi r ians ki ar m az ke r p T an mi T r ac See Z lo mo e a z re bi na.

vasil ba r no v is ro ma n Si mi ri an me f is sa xe is to ri ul mo na ce m Ta sa fu Z ve l zea Seqmnili: `... mi ri ans Se s wa v li li hqo n da Zve li qa r Tu li ke r p Ta y va ni s m ce m lo ba da spa r se-Ti d an Se mo su li sa r w mu no e ba, romlis xi lu li am sa x ve li iyo ar ma zi... mi ri a n ma or iv da i s wa v la, verc er Ti ver Se i y va-ra. ma inc uf ro ar ma zi s k en iyo ga da x ri li: is iyo ex la uf-ro si Rme r Ti sa m f lo be lo si da un da da e c va mi si di de ba~ (gv. 468-469).

romanSi, ise viT `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebSi, mi ri an me fe fa r na va zi sa g an da m k vi d re bu li rju l is mtki ce mi m de-va ria: `... sa qa r T ve lo Si um Ta v re si sju lia is, ro m el Se mo-u ta nia fa r na oz me f es. Cve ni Rmer Ti ar is ar m az brwyi n va-le. igi mZle da sdgas da mfa r ve l obs Cem sa b r Za ne b els~ _ am b obs me fe (gv. 469). romanSi Za l ze sa i n te re sodaa warmo-Cenili ar ma zi sa da mi ri an me f is Se m s ga v se ba: àr ma zi... am qve ya na Si qar T v elT Rme r T s ve da h g va ne bia; mi u Ria aq a u ri sa xe, Tvi se ba. mci r ed ir Ce va mkvidr Rme r Te bi d an... mi ri a-ni... spa r sia igi; Ca s de bia gu li qa r Tu li~ (gv. 514). ro ma n Si mi ri an me f is sa xe ko n k re t ul-is to ri ul vi Ta re ba Ta mi xe-d vi Taa Se fa se bu li. igi po li ti ku ri vi Ta re b is Se sa ba mi s ad mo q me d ebs. mis cno bi e re ba Si qve y n is re li gi ur mrwamss ga n-sa z R v r avs sa ga reo mdgo ma re o ba.

am g va r ad, Zveli qa r T uli Txzu le be b isa da vasil ba r-no vis ro ma n is mi xe d v iT, mi ri an me f is gansaxovnebaSi me fe fa r na va z is ar qe ti pu li xa t ic Se d is. ma Sa sa da me, ar ma z is ku l tu r ul-is to ri u li sa x is ah u ra-ma z da sa da mi T ra s T an Se pi ri s pi re b am, ke r p is aR m ma r T ve li me fe fa r na va zi sa da mi ri a n is sa xe Ta ur Ti e r T mi ma r Te b am ga mo a v li na Se m de gi: ar ma z is mxa t v r ul mo de l Si aR be W di lia ah u ra-ma z da d an da mi T ra d an mo m di na re tra n s fo r mi re bu li ni S an-Tvi se ba-ni. ar ma z is aR mma r Ta vi, de d iT spa r si fa r na va zi spa r su l-ad Ta vi si ke r p is sa x els at a r ebs: fa r na va zi-ar ma zi, Se sa ba-mi s ad, spa r si me fi s wu li mi ri a ni-mih ra ni Ta vi si sa xe l is ga mo m xa t ve li mi T r as msgavs kerps eT a y va ne ba. am g va ri tra-n s fo r mi re b is gzaa ga n v li li, Cveni azriT, ah u ra-ma z da d an

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_ mi T ra m de, fa r na v az-ar ma zi d an _ mi ri an-mih ra m de, ro-me l Ta ga ma e r Ti a ne be li da Se m k v re lia qa r Tu li su l iT na-sa z r do e bi, ma ma-pa pa Ta ke r pe b is pa n Te o n Si da m k vi d re bu li up i r ve le si RvTa e ba _ armazi.

zemoaRniSnuli cxadyofs, rom kerp-RvTaeba armazis gan-saxovnebis Seswavla warmoaCens agiografiuli saxismetyve-lebis kavSirs adreul saxeqmnadobebTan.

saerTo niSan-TvisebaTa da zogadi xasiaTis debulebaTa naTelsayofad movixmobT sxvadasxva epoqis TxzulebebSi asaxul realiebs; armazis mxatvruli saxis konkretul-istoriuli da tipologiuri mimarTebebis daZebna gamo-kveTs mis adgils saerTo saxeobriv sistemaSi.

me c ni e r Ta So r is (a. greni, i. javaxiSvili, s. makalaTia, m.Ciqovani) ga mo T q mu lia mo sa z re ba mi T r asa da qa r Tu li ep o s is gmiris _ am i ra n is, Se sa x eb ar se b ul Tqmu le b as Soris ga r k ve u li ka v Si ris ar se bo b aze. sa xe l wo de ba àm i ra nis~ mi T r asTan msgavsebis safuZvels xedaven (i.javaxiSvili, p.ingoroyva, i.orbeli, k.treveri) misi erT-erTi oreulis somxur sa xe l wo de ba Si _ `mher~. am ga re mo e b is ga T va li s-wi ne b iT, cdi lo b en maT sa xe l wo de ba Ta msga v se b is da sa bu-Te b as: amira ni _ am i h ra ni _ mi h ra ni _ am i T ra ni _ mi T ra.

am i ra n sa da RvTa e ba mi T r as So r is msga v se ba ni sayu ra d-Re bo ma sa l as iZ le va ar ma z is sa x is gasa a z re b l ad. orive mziuri naTliT gamsWvaluli gmiria: mi T ra mzis RvTa e-baa, am i ra n ic `mzis msga v sia~, `Su b l m zi a nia~. am i ra n ic mzi-u ri na T l iT mosili gmi ria. mi si fu n q ciaa ga a Ta vi sufl os gve le Sa pi sa g an STa n T q mu li mze. av e s t as mi xe d v iT, mi T ra pi r ve li ze ci u ri wmi n da nia, ro me l ic mzis am o s v l as eg e be-ba èl b ru s is~ mTa ze. am de n ad, igi mzis am o svlis ma xa ro be-lia da mi si sa m f lo be lo Rme r T is mi er mi ja W vu li am i ra n is mTa ze _ ial bu z zea.

am i ra ni da mi T ra or i ve ce c x l is sti qi a s Ta naa daka v-Si re bu li. mi T ra ze ci u ri ce c x l is mflo be lia, am i ra n ic ce c x l isda ri gmi ria (erTi TqmulebiT, gve le Sa pi Tavisi muclis gvremas da cecxliskidebas Caylapul amirans ukavSirebs).

sayuradReboa ivane ja va xi S vi l is mo sa z reba (ja va xi S vi-l i 1979: 201): qa r Tu l Tqmu le b aSi ze ci uri ko S ki d an mota-

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ce bu li qa li SeiZleba ze ci u ri ce c x l is an mexis ce c x l is si m bo lo iyos. TqmulebaTa mixedviT, am i ra ni xom ze ci uri ce c x l is momtaceblad da mi wa ze mis momtanad iTvleba. aseve, RvTa e ba mi T r ac Ci ra R d n iT xelSi ev li ne ba qve ya n as. amdenad, mzi u ro b iT ga su li e re bu li am i ra ni da mi T ra ze-ci u ri ce c x l is mflo be li RvTa e ba-gmi re bia.

am i ra n i da mi T r a me b r Zo li bu ne b iT ga mo i r Ce vian. am i r-ans Rme r T ma brZo la da a na T la; mi T r as da r ad, is ic ke Ti li gmi ria da na T el sa q me ebs em sa xu re ba. or i ves sa xe l i da ka v-Si re bu lia xa r is kul t Tan. mi T r as mTa va ri gmi ro ba swo r ed xa r T an brZo laa, ro m l is msxve r p l ad mi ta na si ke T is ze i m-ad da sa m ya r os ga na x le b ad aRiqmeba. am i ra n m ac xom ga n g mi-ra xa ra d q ce u li de v is qa li, bo ro te bi sa da bne li Za le b is ga n s axiereba. Tavad gmiri ki, da l is mu c li d an am o yvanili, xa r is fa S v Si izrdeba; xari-kurati, rogorc cnobilia, mzis wilad iTvleba da, aqedan gamomdinare, amirani deda-mzis daxmarebiT asrulebs zrdas.

aR sa ni S na via ki d ev er Ti ga re mo e ba, ro me l ic miTra sa da am i ra n is ur Ti e r T si a x lo ve ze me t y ve l ebs. mi T r as xa r T an brZo l is ep i zo d T an da ka v Si re b ul ba re li e fe b Si mu d mi va-daa wa r mo d ge ni li yva vi sa da Za R l is ga mo sa xu le ba ni. av e-s t as mi xe d v iT, ah u ra-ma z d am xa r T an mo r ke n al mi T ra s T an yva vi ga a g za v na mo ci qu l ad. am is Se m d gom miTram Ta vi si er-T g uli me go b r is _ Za R l is _ daxmarebiT kvlav mi a g no xa-r is ad g ilsa m yo f els da ga n g mi ra igi. mo k lu li xa r is suls bo ro ti Za le bi sa g an icavs mi T r as er T gu li Za R li. mi T ra-s T an da ka v Si re bu li es ori cxo ve li am i ra nis Tqmu le ba Si-caa as a xu li. am i ra ni sa da mi T r as saerTo sa xi s me t y ve le-bi Ti pri n ci pebi, garkveuli mniSvnelobiT, ar ma zi s mxatv-rul saxes miemarTeba. mziuroba, RvTaebrioba, mebrZoli buneba, xalxis samsaxuri da omi borot ZalebTan _ maTi siaxlovis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebia.

am i ra ni sa da ar ma z is ur Ti e r T ka v Si r is ar se bo b is Se sa-x eb pi r ve l ad aRniSna m. Ci qo va n ma na S ro m Si _ `mi ja W vu li am i ra ni~ (Ci qo va n i 1947: 187).

ma r T l ac, iZ e b ne ba sa e r To Tvi se be bi am i ra ni sa da ar ma-z is mxa t v r ul sa xe Ta So r is. orive mziuri naTliT gabrw-yinebuli RvTaeba-gmirebia: kerp-RvTa e ba ar ma zi `mzis mo-

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m fe ne li~ bu ne bi saa, mi To lo gi u ri am i ra n ic `mzis msga v si~ da `Sub l m zi a nia~; igi, ar ma z is msga v s ad, RvTa e b ri o ba s Ta-naa zi a re bu li, oq ro s na w na vi a ni da l is Svi li da RmerT is na T lu lia.

amirani da ar ma z i me b r Zo li bu ne b iT xa si a T de bi an. is i ni da u c x ro m l ad iR w vi an si ke Ti sa T v is da gamu d me b iT om o b en bo r ot Za le b T an _ ar ma zi iT ru San T an, am i ra ni _ de ve b T-an da gve le Sa p T an.

sva nu ri Tqmu le b is Ta na xm ad, am i ra n i Tavs spi le n Z Si Ca-mo s x mu lad mi i C n evs. ya ma r T an as a s v le l ad ga m za de bu li amira ni mWe d l ebs sTxovs, rom ce g Si Ca s We d on da am S vi d-ebs, rom igi spi le n Zi saa da ce c x l Si ar daiwve ba; armazis kerpic xom spilenZSia Camosxmuli.

ar ma zi s darad, am i ra n sac Tavze Ca C qa ni hxu r avs, ja W vi da ab ja ri ac via: `Ce mo xma lo da ab ja ro sa Za l od mo me S ve-le n iT~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 299), an ̀ ja W v is ka l Te bi da ma c v-da am de ni si s x l Si xev iTa~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 302) da `Tavs ix u ra v di Ca C qa n sa, bo lo ze ja W vi a no b di~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 306). am i ra ni sa da ar ma z is xm lebi ga moi r Ce vian gansa-kuTrebuli Tvi se be b iT. am i r anis xma li is e mZi me iyo, rom ar a v is SeeZlo mi si aw e va. mis We d va Si ko s mi u ri Za le bi iyo Ca b mu li: `ca sWe q da, mi wa grgvi na v da, sam We d lo eq a ne bo da~ (kotetiSvili 1961: 299); armazis mudam moZravi xmali ki qarTlis ers imorCilebs.

am i ra nic, armazis msgavsad, gu l Ta m xi la via. mas yo v li s-m xe d ve li, ̀ sa c r isod e na Tva le bi~ aqvs, ro m le b ic s W v re t en yovelive da fa r ulsa da bo r ots. qarTvelTa RvTaebis da-rad, amiranic Su ri s ma Zi e be lia (igi klavs devs iamanis Seu-racxyofis sanacvlod).

amiran-armazisa da miTras urTierTsiaxloves saer-To ciuri dRis _ xuTSabaTis _ arsebobac adasturebs. saqarTveloSi xuTSabaT dRes `cis dRes~ uwodebdnen. am i-ra n is ja W v is gasa m r Te le b l ad ki yve la mWe de li kvers gr-demlze swored did xuTSabaTs da h k ra v da xolme; iqneb imi-tomac, rom man Rru be l Ta bato n is qa li mo i ta ca, ro m l is sa di de b el dRed saqa r T ve lo Si swo r ed xu T Sa ba Ti dRe ar-is ga n kuTvni li?~ (javaxiSvili 1979: 198). amasTan dakavSi-rebiT sayuradReboa isic, rom sa qa r T ve lo Si mi T r as dRes

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xu T Sa ba To b iT ix di d n en da mas `cis dRes~ uw o de b dnen. ami-rani da armazi Tavissave saxelobis dRes movlenili ube-durebiT isjebian: armazobaze imsxvreva qarTvelTa kerpi, amiranis tanjva mZimdeba yovel xuTSabaTs.

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, miTras, armazsa da amirans sa-i n te re so pa ra le le bi eZebnebaT ap o li ni os ro do se l is Txzu le ba Si _ àr go na v ti ka~. ar ma z is, mi T r as, amiranisa da mefe aiet is sa mo si Ti T q m is id e n ti u ria da me b r Z oli RvTa e b isaTvis ga nkuTvnil yvela detals imeorebs. mi T ra da aieti sxi ve bi a ni mzis di s k os gvi r g vi n iT ar i an Se m ku l ni. mzis disko ki, rogorc cnobilia, ahura-mazdas simboloa. aiet me f e, miTras msgavsad, xmliTa da Ci ra R d n iTaa aRWur-vili, rac, or i ve Se m T x ve va Si, maT Su ri s ma Zi e b el bu ne b as uk a v Si r de ba. àr go na v ti ka Si~ vki T xu l obT: `ma r c xe na xe l-Si aiet me f es mo m r g va le bu li eW i ra fa ri, xo lo ma r j ve n iT uz a r ma za ri fi W v is ma S xa la, ze a we u li~ (apolonios rodo-seli 1975: 62).

ze ci u ri ce c x l is _ Ci ra R d n is _ mflo be lia am i ra nic, ro me l m ac Rru b elT ba t ons, We qa-qu xi l is RmerTs, ce c x-l is si m bo lo _ya ma ri mo s ta ca. iaz o n s ac, am i ra n is da r ad, mzis sa me fo ko l xe Ti dan mzis as u li me dea mi h y avs; am a s Ta-na ve, oq r os verZis flo b ac xom mzi u ri Za l is ga Ta vi se b as moaswa v ebs. me fe aiet is spi le n Zi s fe xa ce c x li s m f r q ve v el xarebs, miTras msgavsad, eb r Z v is da im o r Ci l ebs iaz o ni.

armaz _ amiran _ miTras msgavsad, iazonic usazRvro Zalis mflobelia, romelsac mas medea promeTe-amiranis sisxlisagan aRmocenebuli wiTeli yvavilis ZaliT ani-Webs: `yva vi li igi ga C n da pi r ve l ad ka v ka si o n is mwve r va l Ta So r is, ro ca wveT-wve T ad Ca mo di o da klde ze mo wa me pro-me T es si s x li... da wyrTis si ma R l is or Re ro va ni ko x ta yva-vi li iz a r da mi s g an~ (apolonios rodoseli 1975: 140). am yva vi li sa g an da m za de bu li `pro me T es wa m l is~ me S ve o b iT iaz o ni yo v li s Se m Z le xde ba, igi pro me Te-am i ra n is gu l is si s x l Ta naa na zi a re bi.

Rru be l Ta ba to n is qa lic _ ya ma ri _ ba la x iT ac o c x- l ebs am i r ans. am de n ad, mi si sa xe mku r na l is fu n q ci i Ta da t-vi r Tu li, ise viT aiet is as u li me de asi, ba la xe b iT mku r-na li jadoqari qa l wu lisa. mi ri an me f ec wm.ni n os ar ma z is

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as u l ad mi i C n evs da am iT xsnis mi si ku r ne b is Za l mo si le b as. aseve mi T rac cnobilia rogorc mku r na li Rme r Ti.

zo ro a s t ru li re li gi is RvTa e b ebs _ ah u ra-ma z da sa da mi T r as, qa r Tu li ep o s is gmirs _ am i r ans, ap o lo ni os ro-do se l is àr go na v ti k is~ pe r so na J ebs _ aiet sa da iaz ons da qa r T ve l Ta kerp-RvTaba ar ma z is mxa t v rul sa x es Se sa Z-le be lia sxva sa e r To Tvi se be b ic daeZebnoT, magram ma Ti sa fu Z v li a ni Se s wa v la Cve ni na S ro m is fa r g l ebs sci l de ba.

amrigad, kerp-RvTa e ba ar ma z is ga n sa xo v ne ba ti po lo-gi ur msga v se b as am J Ra v n ebs sxva da s x va epoq is mi To s ur da literaturul sa xe e b T an. amgvari urTierTmimarTebani ki uk eT war mo a Ce n en ar ma z is sa xi s me t y ve le b iT Si na arss. ar-ma z is gansaxovneba mudmiv cvalebadobaSia. misi sa xi s me t-y ve le bi Ti mra va l g va ro ba aix s ne ba, er T i mxriv, ep o qa Ta ga n s x va ve bu li mso f la R q m iT, sxva da s x vagvari es Te ti k ur-sa xi s me t y ve le bi Ti pri n ci pe b iT da, me o re mxriv, na wa r mo-e b Ta Ja n ro b ri vi TaviseburebebiT. arma z is mra va l gvari formacvaleba mi si sa xi s me t y ve le bi Ti tevadobis da ma da-s tu re be lia. igi, zogadad, erTi saerTo modelis saxe-sis-temas mihyveba. armazi mTe li qa r Tu li sa xi s me t y ve le b is mni S v ne lo va ni pa ra di g maa.

damowmebani:

am i ra na S vi li 1944: am i ra na S vi li S. qa r Tu li re li e fu ri qa n da ke b is uZ ve le si ni mu Si. sa qa r T ve l os mu ze u m is `mo a m be~, XIIB, Tb. : ga mo m ce m lo ba saq. ssr. mecn. ak ad., 1944.

ap o lo ni os ro do se li 1975: ap o lo ni os ro do se li àr go na v ti ka~, Ta-r g ma ni da Se sa va li we ri li ak. ge lo va ni sa, re da qcia, na r k ve vi, Se ni S v ne bi da sa Zi e be li ak.uru Sa Zi sa. Tb.: gamomcemloba `me c ni e re ba~, 1975.

ar s en be ri 1973: ar s en be ri `cxo v re ba da mo qa la qe o ba da Ru a w li wmi-n d is da Ri r si sa Cu e ni sa ni noÁsi...~, Zve li qa r Tu li ag i o g ra fi u li li te-ra tu r is Ze g le bi, t. III, Tb.: gamomcemloba `me c ni e re ba~, 1973.

ba r no vi 1988: ba r no vi v. àr ma z is msxvre va~. Txz., t. 7, Tb.: gamomcem-loba `sa b Wo Ta mwe ra li~, 1923-25.

gi o r ga Ze 1988: gi o r ga Ze g. aT a si RvTa e b is qve ya na. Tb.: gamomcemloba `me c ni e re ba~, 1988.

do Ca na S vi li 1982: do Ca na S vi li g. `sa mo se li pi r ve li~. Tb.: gamomcem-loba `sabWo Ta sa qa r T ve lo~, 1982.

va xu S ti ba to ni S vi li 1973: va xu S ti ba to ni S vi li àR we ra sa me fo sa saqar T ve lo sa~. qa r T l is cxo v re ba, t. IV, s.yau x Ci S vi l is red. Tb.: gamom-cemloba `sa b Wo Ta sa qa r T velo~, 1973.

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va xu S ti ba to ni S vi li 1885: va xu S ti ba to ni S vi li sa qa r T ve l os is to-ria, ga n ma r te bu li da Se v se bu li ax l ad Se Ze ni l is ar xe o lo gi u ri sa da is to ri u li cno be b iT d.z. ba q ra Z is mi er. n. I, tf.: gamomcemloba g. d. qa r-T ve li Svil is sta m ba, 1885.

Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li 1848: Te i mu r az ba to ni S vi li ìs to ria da w ye-bi T g an iv e ri i sa, ese igi gi o r gi i sa, ro m el ars sruli ad sa qa r T ve loÁsa~. sa n k t pe te r bu r gi : gamomcemloba sa m ecn. ak ad. sta m ba, 1848.

ko te ti S vi li 1961: ko te ti S vi li v. xa l xu ri po e zia. Tb.: gamomcemlo-ba `sabWoTa mwe ra li~, 1961.

kuWuxiZe 2000: kuWuxiZe g. armazianebi qristianuli epoqis zRurbl-ze. religia. gamomcemloba `samSoblo~, #1-2-3. 2000.

kuWuxiZe 2006: kuWuxiZe g. armazuli misteriebis detalebi. lite-raturul Ziebani. SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti. XXVII. 2006.

le o ni Ze 1986: le o ni Ze g. Ca b ne le bu li ar ma zi. kre bu li 99 es se. Tb.: gamomcemloba `me ra ni~, 1986.

le o n ti mro ve li 1955: le o n ti mro ve li ni n os mi er qa r T l is mo q ce-va, qa r T l is cxo v re ba. t. I, te q s ti da d ge ni li yve la Zi ri Ta di xe l na we r is mi xe d v iT s. ya u x Ci S vi l is mi er. Tb.: gamomcemloba `sa xe l ga mi~, 1955.

ma ka la Tia 1938: ma ka la Tia s. je ge-mi sa ro n is ku l ti Zvel saqa r T ve-lo Si. Tb.: gamomcemloba saq. sa m xa re T m co d neo sazo ga do e b isa, 1938.

mari 1901: Марр Н. Боги языческой Грузии, СПб, тип. Имп.Акад.наук, 1901.movses xorenaci 1984: movses xorenaci somxeTis istoria, Targm. da

Sesavali al. abdalaZisa. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1984.mo q ce vaÁ qa r T li saÁ 1953: `mo q ce vaÁ qa r T li saÁ~ `ni n os cxo v re b is~

Sa t be r d ul-We li Su ri re da q ci e bi. Zve li qa r Tu li ag i o g ra fi u li Ze g-le bi. Tb. : gamomcemloba saq. ssr mecn. ak ad., 1953.

or be li a ni 1966: or be li a ni s. Txzu le ba ni, t. IV2, av to g ra fi u li nu-

s xe b is mi xe d v iT ga mo sa ce mad mo a m za da il. ab u la Z em. Tb. : gamomcemloba `sa b Wo Ta saqa r T ve lo~, 1966.

si ra Ze 1984: si ra Ze r. qa r Tu li es Te ti k is spe ci fi ki sa Tvis. ci s ka ri. saq. kom. pa r ti is ck-is gam-ba, № #6-7, 1984.

su r gu la Ze 1986: su r gu la Ze i. qa r Tu li xa l xu ri or na me n t is si m bo-li ka. Tb.: gamomcemloba `me c ni e re ba~, 1986.

uc no bi av to ri (XIII s.) 1946: uc no bi av to ri (XIII s.) `ni n os cxo v re ba~. Zveli qa r Tu li li te ra tu r is qre s to ma Tia, sol. yu ba ne i S vi l is red., Tb. : gamomcemloba Tsu, 1946.

fa ru la va 1982: fa ru la va g. mxa t v ru li sa x is bu ne bi sa T v is Zvel qa r-T ul pro za Si. Tb.: gamomcemloba `ga na T le ba~, 1982.

`qa r T l is cxo v re b a~ 1953: `qa r T l is cxo v re b is~ Zve li so m xu ri Ta r g-ma ni. il. ab u la Z is red., Tb.: gamomcemloba Tsu, 1953.

Ci qo va ni 1947: Ci qo va ni m. mi ja W vu li am i ra ni. Tb.: gamomcemloba Tsu, 1947.

we re Te li 1940: we re Te li a. `wmi n da ni no anu qri s ti a no b is Se mo Re ba sa qa r T ve lo Si~. po e me bi, t. III, Tb.: gamomcemloba `sa xe l ga mi~, 1940.

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ja va xi S vi li 1979: ja va xi S vi li i. qa r T ve li er is is to ria. Txz., t. I, Tb.: gamomcemloba Tsu, 1979.

ja na S vi li 1906: ja na S vi li m. sa qa r T ve l os is to ria. t. I, Tb.: gamom-cemloba `Sro ma~, 1906.

Nana Gonjilashvili

One Paradigmatic symbol of the “The Life of St. Nino”(The Personification of the Pagan-idol Armazi)

Summary

Paradigmatic potency of the idol of Armazi,expressed in Shatberdic-Chelish edition of „The Life of St. Nino“ is evident not only in differ-ent editions of the mentioned literary monument and Georgian historical works, but also in literature of following epochs (Ak. Tsereteli, V. Barno�, G. Leonidze); and it’s prerequisites are found in the Old Testament and Georgian mythology.

Comprehension of the e�ents (fire, idol, priest, sacrifice) connected with the idol of Armazi manifests the aspiration of Cristian writers for accenting the advantage of national bases in order to overcome the tradi-tional orientalism. The mythological sum is a determining event of eidetic image of Armazi. In paradigmatic image of Armazi there is impressed a picture of different religions (Zoroastrizm and Mithraism) in different epochs, historical developement (from Parnavazi to Miriani) and muta-bility aesthetic ideals. Diversity of images of Armazi is explained by dif-ferent world outlook of epochs, different aesthetic principles; and these fact confirm the imaginati�e potential of Armazi. Armazi is an important paradigm of Georgian literature.

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irina nacvliSvili

mirian mefis `wigni – anderZi~

`wminda ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi redaqciis Satber-duli da WeliSuri nusxebi mirian mefis `wigniTa~ da àn-derZiT~ sruldeba (sinurSi maT mosdevs iakob mRvdlis aRwerili Tavi _ àRmarTebisaTÂs patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTas~), romlebic qarTlis moqcevisa da ninos moR-vaweobis logikur Sedegad moCans `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ yvela dRes arsebul variantSi (Satberduli, WeliSuri da sinuri).

amTaviTve unda iTqvas ori ram:1) vfiqrobT, mefis `wigni~ da ànderZi~ mirianisgan mom-

dinare Txrobis ori damoukidebeli nawili ki ara, erTi mTliani teqsti unda iyos. am azrs, Cveni TvalsazrisiT, mxars uWers is faqtic, rom arc Satberdul, arc WeliSur da arc sinur redaqciaSi ànderZi~ Tavebis saTvalavSi ar Sedis, maSin roca mis win moTavsebuli mirianis `wigni~ calke Tavad aris xelnawerebSi aRricxuli (Satberdul-Si _ ìe~, WeliSursa da sinurSi _ ì~). ànderZi~ `wigns~ mosdevs. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ yvela dRes arsebuli redaqciis mixedviT, `wigni~ `dawera mirean mefeman qar-Tlisaman Jamsa sikudilisasa~ (W. `Jamsa sikudilisa misisa-sa~). Satberdul xelnawerSi damatebiTi cnobac aris: àRw-era ÃeliTa iakob mTavarepiskoposisaÁTa da misca salomes uJarmelsa, Zis colsa TÂssa, romeli mecnier iyo yovel-save WeSmaritad~ (`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ 1964: S. 157)*. e. i. mirianis `monaTxrobi~ Cauweria iakob mTavarepiskoposs, xolo miriansve gadaucia salome uJarmelisaTvis, `TÂsi~ Zis colisaTvis. sinur xelnawerSi vkiTxulobT: `wignÁ, romel dawera mirian mefeman qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudi-lisasa. dawera ÃeliTa iakob mTavar-episkopozisaÁTa da misca salomes, Zis colsa missa, rameTu iyo igi mecnier yovlisa ubiwo WeSmaritebisa~ ( aleqsiZe 2007: s. 54).

* qvemoT `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ sxvadasxva redaqciis teqsts davimowmebT gamocemaze miuTiTeblad, mxolod redaqciis aRniSvniT sawyisi asoTi _ S., W., s.

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vfiqrobT, logikuria davuSvaT, rom `Jamsa sikudi-lisasa~ mirianisa, anu sasikvdilo sarecelze myofi mefis gverdiT iyvnen misi ojaxis wevrebi da mTavarepiskoposi. amitom, SesaZloa, es ̀ wigni~, iakobis mier Cawerili, iqve ga-daeca salomes. rac Seexeba ànderZs~, isic iq da im dros unda gaJRerebuliyo, Tumca werilobiT gasaformeblad SeiZleba arc yofiliyo gamiznuli, magram iq myofT Caewe-raT an Semdgom mexsierebiT aRedginaT. asea Tu ise, faqtia, anderZi, ZiriTadad, sikvdiliswina danabarebia. mirianis `wignic~ `Jamsa sikudilisasa misisasa~ aris Sedgenili. Se-sabamisad, ̀ wigni~ da ̀ anderZi~ mefis erTdrouli sityvieri aqti unda iyos, rasac adasturebs maTi saerTo ganwyoba da suliskveTeba. marTlac, `wignisa~ da ànderZis~ teqsti TiTqos erTi amosunTqviT aris warmoTqmuli mefis mier da meore pirvelis logikuri gagrZelebaa. amgvari va-raudis daSvebisaTvis, SesaZloa, isic iyos sayuradRebo, rom mirianis ànderZis~ zedwerilSi misi Camweri ar Cans, maSin roca Satberdul da sinur xelnawerebSi sagangebod aris aRniSnuli mefis `wignis~ àRmweris~ vinaoba. iqneb, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ romelime redaqtorma meqanikurad gahyo `wigni-anderZi~, ris gamoc ara mxolod dairRva teqstis mTlianoba, aramed zedwerilSi miTiTebuli Cam-weris vinaobac aRar gadahyva meore nawils. sainteresoa, rom WeliSur xelnawerSi arc `wignis~ da arc ànderZis~ zedwerilSi aranairi sxva cnoba ar aris, garda imisa, rom orive es teqsti mirianisgan momdinareobs (`wigni, romeli dawera mirian mefeman qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudilisa misi-sasa~ (W. 157) da ànderZi mirian mefisa Zisa mimarT TÂsisa revisasa da nana dedoflisa~ (W. 162).

mirianis `wignsa~ da ànderZs~, rogorc Cans, erTian teqstad miiCnevs T. mgalobliSvilic. marTalia, mkvle-vari amis Sesaxeb sagangebod ar msjelobs, magram mcxeTaSi ori eklesiis agebis mauwyebeli epizodis damowmebisas is uTiTebs `mirian mefis weril-anderZs~ (mgalobliSvili 1991: 176), arada, es pasaJi sakuTriv `wignSia~. sxva adgilas T. mgalobliSvili wers: ̀ mirian mefis anderZSi yuradRebas iqcevs aseve `qvemo eklesiis~ saxelic `wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁ~ (mgalobliSvili 1991: 179). amis Sesaxeb Txrobac mirianis

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`wignSia~. vfiqrobT, zemoTqmuli swored imaze metyve-lebs, rom mkvlevari `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ redaqciebSi arsebul mirian mefis `wignsa~ da ànderZs~ erTmaneTisa-gan ar mijnavs.

2) mirianis `wigni-anderZi~ `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ erT-erTi uZvelesi nawilia. rac ar unda gviandelad miviCnioT `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Satberduli, WeliSuri da sinuri redaqciebis dRes arsebuli teqstebi, bolo drois samec-niero gamokvlevebma cxadyo, rom maTSi aSkarad Cans Zveli plastebi da, saerTod, Zegli msoflmxedvelobrivad war-marTobidan qristianobaze gadasvlis epoqis amsaxvelia. garda amisa, warmoudgenelia, rom axladnaTelRebuli qveynis eklesias Tavis liturgikul-eortalogiur praq-tikaSi imTaviTve ar CaerTo qveynis moqcevasTan dakav-Sirebuli umTavresi sakiTxavebi. ninos moRvaweobisa da qarTlSi qristianobis gavrceleba-dafuZnebis Sesaxeb am-bebis Tavdapirvelad swored sakiTxavTa saxiT arsebobas varaudobs r. siraZe (siraZe 1997). sxva TvalsazrisiT, daba bodSi Semdgara sasikvdilod dasneulebul ninosTan gamosaTxovrad xalxmravali kreba, sadac ganmanaTlebeli hyveba Tavisi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. amasTanave, sidonia, abia-Tari, iakobi ixsenieben qarTlis istoriasa da moqcevasTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan epizodebs, xolo am yvelafers iweren salome ujarmeli da peroJavr sivnieli (am uka-nasknelis saxeli Txrobis zedwerilebSi aRar Cans). `mefis yofna am krebulis poziciiT gamosaTxovar mitingze... ar igulisxmeba... es kargad Cans... `wignis~ zedwerilidanac, saidanac irkveva, rom mefes TviT sikvdilmitanebuls Seudgenia igi da Cauwerinebia iakobisaTvis. es Canaweri gadauciaT salomesaTvis~ (CxartiSvili 1987: 71).*

miuxedavad sxvadasxva Sexedulebisa Satberduli, Weli-Suri da sinuri ̀ wm. ninos cxovrebis~ teqstebis warmoSobis teqnikuri mxaris Sesaxeb, erTi ram cxadia – igi cikluri agebulebis Zeglia, msgavsad `grigol xanZTelis cxovre-bisa~, anu im tipis agiografiuli Txzulebaa, romelic ar Seicavs gabmul Txrobas da wmindanis cxovrebas calkeul epizodebad gadmogvcems. swored amgvari cikluri agebu-

* saerTod, am sakiTxebze ixileT CxartiSvili 1970: 63-90..

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lebis gamo `moqceviseul~ `wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~ sruliad bunebrivad moCans mirian mefis `wigni-anderZi~, romelic Tavisi sulieri SinaarsiT ninos ganmanaTlebluri moR-vaweobis logikur Sedegs warmoadgens, xolo siuJeturad, garkveulwilad, kravs Txrobas. rogorc SeniSnavs m. Cxar-tiSvili: `mirianis `wignSi~ pirvelad Semodis mogoneba ni-nos gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis Sesaxeb... avtoriseul mogonebaSi dasneulebuli nino Cans da ara gardacvli-li. aq ki ikvreba wredi: daiwyo ninos dasneulebis ambiT, gadaiSala amis mere mTeli misi cxovreba da dabolovda gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis aRweriT. `wignis~ Semdeg `cxovrebaSi~ vxvdebiT mirianis anderZs colisa da Svili-sadmi. ninos xsovnis Senaxvasa da qristianobis ganmtkice-bisaTvis zrunvas ubarebs maT miriani. esaa mTeli nawar-moebis laitmotivi, misi mimarTebac momavlisadmi~ (Cxar-tiSvili 1987: 71-72).

Sinaarsobrivad mirianis `wigni~ qarTlSi qristianobis ganmtkicebasTan dakavSirebuli, Txzulebis teqstSi win ukve aRwerili movlenebis mokle, reziumirebuli gad-mocemaa, ramdenime axali cnobisa Tu niuansis damatebiT, romlebic, mefis ànderZTan~ erTad, `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Semdgom redaqciebSi met-naklebad gadanawilda ZiriTad TxrobaSi. ambis gabmulad gadmocemis principiT agebuli wmindanis `cxovrebisaTvis~, rasakvirvelia, sruliad zed-meti aRmoCnda mirianis `wign-anderZis~ calke saxiT arse-boba, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom leonti mrovelis redaq-ciaSi TiTqmis ucvlelad ikiTxeba mefis ànderZi~, rac vasilografiuli Janris specifikiT unda iyos Sepirobebuli.

rodis unda Seqmniliyo mirianis ̀ wigni-anderZi~? miuxe-davad imisa, rom `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Seswavlis sawyisi etapidanve moyolebuli araerTi mkvlevari Satberdul-WeliSur `wm. ninos cxovrebas~ adreul Zeglad miiCnevda, mecnierebaSi mainc gabatonda azri misi IX saukuneSi Seqm-nis Sesaxeb da is mTlianad fsevdo-epigrafikul Txzule-bad gamocxadda (k. kekeliZe, i. javaxiSvili). amgvar Tval-sazriss, rogorc Cans, xeli Seuwyo maTi avtorebis didma mecnierulma avtoritetmac da damatebiTi wyaroebis simwiremac. XX saukunis 80-iani wlebidan moyolebuli sa-

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fuZvlianma literaturaTmcodneobiTma da wyaroTmcod-neobiTma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom e. w. Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciis `wm. ninos cxovreba~ Seicavs uZveles plastebs da is Tavdapirveli saxiT (romlis sruli rekonstruq-cia dRes, rasakvirvelia, Znelia) IV-V ss. unda Seqmniliyo. rac Seexeba mirianis `wign-anderZs~, igi, rogorc SeniSnavs r. siraZe, `dawerilia imis Semdeg, rac `dahfara Rrubel-man wmidaÁ nino~... amitom miviCnevT am wigns erT-erT upi-rveles qarTul qristianul nawarmoebad. iqneb, imasac SeiZleba mieniWos mniSvneloba, rom es nawarmoebi iwyeba uZvelesi enobrivi formiT _ ìyo:~, sadac ìyos~ Semdeg aucilebelia orwertili daiweros, radgan mas mohyve-ba sxva Semasmeneli, romelic winadadebis ZiriTad azrs gamoxatavs (ase iwyeba `wm. ninos cxovreba~ Tavidanve da `SuSanikis wamebac~)~ (siraZe 1997: 205).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ vrceli `ninos cxovrebis~, rogorc wm. ninoze mogonebaTa krebulis, Seqmnis TariRze saubrisas m. CxartiSvili eyrdnoba swored `mirianis wigns~: `Txzulebis bolo Tavi – mirianis mogoneba – mefes sikvdilmitanebuls gauformebia. mose xorenelis cnobiT, miriani IV s. 50-ian wlebSi gardaicvala. e. i. gamodis, rom krebulis Sedgenis TariRad igulisxmeba IV s. Sua xanebi~ (CxartiSvili 1987: 74).

teqstis daTariRebisaTvis mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs mirianis `wigns~ l. patariZec. mkvlevris TvalsazrisiT, `roca `wigni mirianisa~ iwereboda, e. i. mirianis sikvdilis axlo xanebSi, ninos cxovrebis ZiriTadi epizodebi, misi siuJeturi qarga ukve arsebobda im saxiT, ra saxiTac is daculia wm. ninos cxovrebis Satberdul-WeliSur redaq-ciaSi. `wignis~ avtori icnobs mas da qmnis Tavis Txzule-bas, rogorc am krebulis ukanasknel, damagvirgvinebel Tavs. amgvarad, mTeli `ninos cxovrebis~ daweris TariRi `mirianis wignis~ mixedviT SeiZleba ganisazRvros da mefe mirianis gardacvalebis TariRiT Semoifarglos~ (pata-riZe 1989: 163).

vfiqrobT, rom mirianis `wigni-anderZi~ Tavdapirveli saxiT (droTa ganmavlobaSi mas garkveuli cvlilebebi, rasakvirvelia, unda ganecada, iseve, rogorc mTlianad

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am Zegls) marTlac mefis gardacvalebis wina periodSi unda Seqmniliyo. is, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin àRwera~, anu werilobiT gaaforma, an vin gaukeTa mas redaqtireba `ni-nos cxovrebis~ saerTo konteqstSi, mainc mirianisgan mom-dinared unda miviCnioT. ver gaviziarebT i. javaxiSvilis Tvalsazriss, rom mirian mefis anderZi, romelSic is Ta-vis Tanamecxedresa da mTavarepiskoposs viTomcda ninos `samarxvos~ jerovnad movla-patronobas ubarebda, yal-bia da imaze metyvelebs, rom Txzulebis Seqmnis droisT-visac ki (anu IX s. _ ase fiqrobs mkvlevari, _ i. n.) wm. ni-nos Sesaferisad Tayvans ar scemdnen (ix. javaxiSvili 1977: 108). uZvelesi qarTuli mravalTavebis Seswavlam cxadyo, rom ninos kulti saqarTveloSi VI saukuneSi arsebobda (ix. metreveli 1976). an ki ras matebda informaciulad IX s-Si ̀ wm. ninos cxovrebas~ ̀ nayalbevi~ anderZi? ratom unda dasWirveboda Semdgomi saukuneebis avtors `mogoneba~, SeTxzva mefis `wign-anderZisa~, miTumetes, Tuki is kidev ufro arTulebda Zeglis kompoziciur da struqturul saxes, ris gamoc jer kidev XII s-Si am krebuls kritikulad Sexeda arsen berma, Semdgom ki zogierTma mkvlevarma, maT Soris i. javaxiSvilma, miiCnia, rom `xelovnebis mxrivac es nawarmoebi mdare Rirsebis nawarmoebia~ (javaxiSvili 1977: 110)?!

ras warmoadgens mirianis `wigni-anderZi~ Tavisi faq-tobrivi, sulieri da mxatvrul-esTetikuri SinaarsiT?

faqtobrivi TvalsazrisiT, rogorc zemoT aris aRniS-nuli, mirianis `wigni-anderZi~ mxolod ramdenime damate-biT cnobasa Tu niuanss Seicavs, ise ki, ZiriTadad, Txzule-baSi win moTxrobili mniSvnelovani movlenebis erTgvari lakoniuri gadmocemaa. magram Tavisi sulieri SinaarsiT igi naTelRebuli mefis aRsarebaa, Sinagani gamocdilebi-sa da pirovnuli gardatexis gziT àxal cxovrebas~ ziare-buli kacis esqatologiuri molodinis imediani gancdaa, sulieri Rvawlia, daubadebeli naTlis xilvis sasoebiT gaciskrovnebuli. Sesabamisad, mxatvrul-esTetikuri bunebiT mirianis `wigni-anderZi~ bibliur-qristologiur warmodgenebsa da saxeobriv sistemas efuZneba.

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sainteresoa, rom Tumca mefis `wigni-anderZi~ pirve-live frazidan moyolebuli dasasrulamde `wminda wer-ilisa~ da qristianuli RvTismetyvelebis konteqstiT Sinaarsdeba, aq ver SevxvdebiT bibliidan moxmobil citatebs. amasTanave, miuxedavad zeamaRlebuli emociuri ganwyobisa, teqsti stilurad sadaa da uSualo. swored amgvari eTikuroba aqcevs mas maRalesTetikur raobadac. aq erTi mxatvruli saxe Sinagani logikiT exmianeba meores, meore – mesames, rac ganapirobebs kidec teqstis saerTo sulieri Sinaarsis mTlianobas.

`da iyo Jamsa mas, romelsa moiÃsena ufalman queyanaÁ ese CrdiloÁsaÁ, dabnelebuli codviTa da savse cTomiTa eS-makisaÁTa, viyveniT Cuen viTarca cxovarni klvadni~ (S. 157) – ase Semodis `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Satberdul redaqcia-Si mirianis `wigni~. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom teqsti Jamze, droze miTiTebiT iwyeba. amgvari miTiTebiT iwyeba bibliac: `dasabamad qmnna RmerTman caÁ da queyanaÁ~ (dab. 1,1). es dasabami aris absoluturi sawyisi, saidanac aiTvle-ba istoriuli dro. kacobriobis esa Tu is movlena swored am istoriul droSi xdeba da RvTaebriv Rirebulebas iZens, radgan transcendentul, istoriul dromde zedroulad, maradiulad arsebuli RvTis Canafiqris sxvadasxva etapia, romelTagan TiToeuli gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa. `yovelTaTÂs Jami ars da Jami Cans yovlisa saqmisa casa queSe~, _ gvamcnobs eklesiaste (ekl. 3,1). da vinaidan `Jami ars SobisaÁ da Jami sikudilisaÁ~ (ekl. 3,2), mirianis mefo-bis dros qarTlis cxovrebaSi dgeba RvTiuri Canafiqris aRsrulebis erTi konkretuli etapi, roca unda moxdes daZleva `Jamisa sikudilisa~, anu warmarTuli warsulisa, da dadges Jami qarTvelTa sulieri Sobisa. mirianis `wig-nis~ dasawyisis amgvari gaazreba sxva bibliur-qristolo-giuri Sinaarsis mxatvruli saxeebiTac sacnaurdeba. teqs-tis mixedviT, es iyo Jami, roca moixsena ufalman `queyanaÁ ese CrdiloÁsaÁ, dabnelebuli codviTa da savse cTomiTa eSmakisaÁTa~. Tu ratom aris qarTli `CrdiloÁs~ qveyana, rom es termini am SemTxvevaSi ara geografiuli, aramed simboluri mniSvnelobisaa, `ninos cxovrebis~ sxva epi-zodebidan sacnaurdeba. kerZod, sidonias monaTxrobis

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mixedviT, ìyo queyanaÁ ese CrdiloÁ mzisagan simarTlisa, Zisa RmrTisa moslvisaTÂs da cnobisa, viTarca saxeli er-qua samarTlad CrdiloÁ, araÁ Tu amis mzisa naTlisagan daklebul iyo, anu aw ars daklebul misgan...~ (S. 128). xolo wminda nino swers mirians: `dReTa SenTa moxedna RmerTman queyanasa amas, napralsa erTsa CrdiloÁsasa, romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa codvisasa da velni – almursa cTomisa-sa, vinaÁca dRe-Ramed, da naTel-bnelad. da sufevda mas Sina soflisa mpyrobel igi mTavari, romeli qroda haeri-sa suliTa da STaabnevda yovelTa sulTa pirisa misisaÁTa queyaniT da sircxvileuli miiltvis adgilsa bnelisaTa~ (W. 101). bibliuri gaazrebiT, naTeli gansazRvravs RvTis samyaros, rogorc samyaros sikeTisas da WeSmaritebisas, Crdili ki sataniseuli garemos maxasiaTebelia, rogorc borotebisa da uRvTobis sauflosi. amitom aris qarTli _ `CrdiloÁs qveyana~ _ `dabnelebuli codviTa da savse cTomiTa eSmakisaÁTa~.

zemoaRniSnul mxatvrul-simbolur saxeTa gverdiT mirianis `wignis~ dasawyisSi Cndeba kidev erTi bibliuri saxe _ `cxovarni klvadni~. `cxovris~ simbolika, mWid-rod dakavSirebuli `mwyemsis~ saxe-simbolosTan, Zveli aRTqmidan moyolebuli gasdevs mTel biblias da umTavre-sad RvTisa da adamianTa urTierTdamokidebulebis siR-rmiseuli Sinaarsis warmosaCenad moixmoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom upirvelesi mwyemsi – winamZRoli da mama Tavisi samwysosi _ aris iahve, es saxe-simbolo, ZiriTadad me-sias, qristes, daukavSirda, romelic, Tavis mxriv, umanko kravicaa, Sewiruli kacobriobis codvebisagan gamosaxs-nelad, da keTili mwyemsic, romelmac `dadva suli TÂsi cxovarTaTÂs~ (ioan. 10,11). cxovari adamis pirvelcodvis mtvirTveli, zogjer gulubryvilo, zogjer gzaabneuli, xan ki warwymedili adamiania, romelic mokvdavia Tavisi xorcieli bunebiT, magram sulieri ganwmendis gziT, WeS-mariti mwyemsis winamZRolobiT SeuZlia, maradiuli si-cocxle moipovos. `cxovris~ amgvari gaazrebis gverdiT bibliaSi Semodis `klvadi cxovris~ (dasaklavis) saxe-sim-boloc, romlis yvelaze metyveli xati Tavad ieso qristea. faqtobrivad, ̀ klvadi cxovari~ zvarakia, msxverplia, Ses-

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awiria. fsalmunTmetyveli RaRadebs RvTis mimarT: `rame-Tu SenTvis movswydebiT Cven maradRe, SeviraxceniT Cven viTarca cxovarni klvadni~ (fs. 43,22). daviT winaswarmety-velis am sityvebs romaelTa mimarT epistoleSi moixmobs pavle mociqulic (ix. rom. 8,36). mirian mefis `wignSi~ `Cr-diloÁs qveynis~ mkvidri qarTvelebi warmodgenilni ar-ian, rogorc `cxovarni klvadni~, oRondac isini ar arian bibliuri arqetipis Sesatyvisi zvarakni, Tumca ki gvev-linebian msxverplad, Sesawirad `SeCuenebul kerpTaTÂs~. bibliuri saxe-simbolos amgvari transformireba kidev ufro met tragizms sZens mirianis `wignis~ Semdgom kon-teqsts – warmarTuli qarTlis mxatvrul xats, romelic damatebiT moxmobili saxeebiT Sinaarsdeba: `mamani Cuenni aqa moiwines vidre dReTa CemTamde. SeWamna Svilni maT-ni cecxlman msxuerplad kerpTaTÂs da ubraloÁ eri igi queyanisaÁ amis, romelni SvilTa maTTa, viTarca kravTa umankoTa Seswirvides da TavsaA aRebdes mamani Cuenni Za-liT, raÁTa saTno eyvnen kerpTa, ufroÁs xolo orTa maT SeCuenebulTa – armazs da zadens, romelTa qvanica daul-pian sisxliTa CÂlTaÁTa, da Rirs arian mTani igi aspolvad cecxliTa uflisamieriTa~ (W. 158).

kerpTayvanismcemloba kacobriobis miwieri cxovrebis marad Tanmxlebi codvaa, radgan is WeSmariti RvTis ver da-naxvis, ver Secnobis, misgan gandgomis Sedegia. miuxedavad imisa, rom istoriis garkveul etapze is, rogorc religia, daiZlia, mainc xelaxla aRorZindeba sxvadasxva formiT. rogorc ki adamiani wyvets dambadebeli RvTis msaxurebas, xdeba mona sxva ufalTa: fulis, Rvinis, pativmoyvareobis da a. S. magram kerpTayvanismcemlobas, rogorc usulo, xe-liTqmnil RmerTTa Tayvaniscemasac, hqonda Tavisi ganvi-Tarebis etapebi. iyo dro, roca kerpebs adamianebs swiravd-nen da droc, roca maTTvis zvarakad pirutyvs klavdnen. rogorc Cans, es etapebi ganvlo qarTulma warmarTobamac, rac dasturdeba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemebiT (ix. mag., Txroba rev marTalis Sesaxeb (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 58)). vfiqrobT, mirianis zeobis Jams qarTvelebi kerpTaT-vis yrmaTa Sewirvis sastik tradicias aRar misdevdnen. amis safuZvels gvaZlevs `qarTlis moqcevaSi~ armazobis

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dResaswaulis aRwera, magram mefe Tavis `wignSi~ mainc kerpTayvanismcemlobis am saSinel rituals gamokveTs, riTac warmoaCens ara mxolod tragizms aRniSnuli re-ligiisas, aramed mis ususurobasac. RmerTi, romelic iTx-ovs yrmaTa sikvdils, ar SeiZleba iyos RmerTi. WeSmariti RmerTi, iahve, romelic Tavad aris cxovreba, abraamisgan msxverplad isakis armiRebiT kategoriulad da samuda-mod ambobs uars misTvis adamianTa Sewirvaze. miuxedavad amisa, bibliuri xalxis istoria savsea kerpTaTvis zorvis sisxliani magaliTebiT (ix. fs. 105,7; 105,34-37; VI mef. 17,17; II sj. 12,31 da sxv.), rogorc Cans – qarTvelTa istoriac. Cveni azriT, mirianis `wignis~ zemoT moxmobil konteqst-sac bibliur wyaroTa gavlena etyoba. sruliad aSkaraa msgavseba, frazeologiur donezec ki, daviTis fsalmun-Tan _ `Wabukni maTni SesWamna cecxlman~ (fs. 77,63) (Sdr.: `SeWamna Svilni maTni cecxlman~ (W. 158)).

kerpTaTvis Sewirul yrmebs miriani ùmanko kravebs~ adarebs, rac, aseve, bibliuri saxe-simboloa. jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSi mterTagan devnili ieremia winaswarmetyve-li Tavs ùmanko kravs~ adarebs: `me viTarca kravman uman-koman moyvanebulman daklvad, ara vcan...~ (ier. 11,19). es saxe Semdgom miesadaga ieso qristes. petre mociqulis I epistoleSi vkiTxulobT: ùwyodeT, rameTu ara ganxrwna-diTa vecxliTa gina oqroÁTa iÃseniT Tquen amaoÁsa misgan mamaTa mocemulisa slvisa, aramed patiosniTa sisxliTa, viTarca tarigisa ubiwoÁsa da umankoÁsa, qristesiTa~ (I pet. 1,18-19). (ix. agreTve, ebr. 9,12-14). qristianul mwer-lobaSi es saxe-simbolo yvela ucodveli msxverplis arqe-tipad iqca.

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ sinur xelnawerebSi zemoT da-mowmebuli pasaJi odnav gaumarTavia. rogorc Cans, aq teqsti naklulia an nakluli dednidan momdinareobs da `kravni umankoni~ Sesabamis konteqstSi saerTod ar ikiT-xeba. magram sainteresoa, rom am mxatvrul saxes Satber-dul redaqciaSi sxva, aseve bibliuri warmoSobis, saxe enacvleba _ `romelni SvilTa maTTa viTarca Tivasa Tib-des, mamani Cuenni~ (S. 158). xorci da, saerTod, xorcieli yofa kacisa, rogorc Tiva, jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSi war-

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moCndeba da amave simboluri mniSvnelobiT gadadis axal aRTqmaSic (ix. es. 40,68; es. 51,12; ier. 9,22; I pet. 1,24).

amgvari, SeiZleba iTqvas, kanibaluri msxverplSewirvis mizezad miriani asaxelebs mamaTa anu winaparTa Zalisx-mevas, Tavi moewonebinaT kerpebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki, orisTvis _ `SeCvenebuli~ armazisa da zadenisTvis. `Tav-sa aRebdes mamani Cuenni ZliT, raÁTa saTno eyvnen kerpTa, ufroÁs xolo orTa maT SeCvenebulTa – armazs da zadens, romelTa qvanica daulpian sisxliTa CÂlTaÁTa~ (W. 158). `SeCueneba~, sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, ̀ ese ars Sjulierad aRmofxvra, gina warwymeda, gina ganZeba~ (orbeliani 1991: 297). bunebrivia, rom gaqristianebuli mefe Zvel kerpebs, romelTac adre Tavadve scemda Tayvans, `SeCuenebulad~ moixseniebs. misTvis isini sxva aRmsareblobis warsulSi darCnen, Sesabamisad, aRmofxvrilni da `ganZebulni~, anu sjulieri cxovrebidan gandevnili arian. mirian mefe miiC-nevs, rom mTani, romlebzec es kerpebi idgnen, `Rirs ari-an... aspolvad cecxliTa uflisamierTa~ (W. 158).

religiaTa umravlesobaSi mTebs gansakuTrebuli mniSv-neloba eniWebaT. isini aRiqmeba adgilad, sadac zeca miwas xvdeba, sadac cxovroben RmerTebi. iudaizmsa da qris-tianobasac aqvs mTis gansakuTrebulobis gancda. aq Tav-isi mniSvnelobiT gamoirCeva kidec zogierTi mTa, magram raoden gansakuTrebul movlenebTanac ar unda iyvnen isi-ni dakavSirebulni, maTi Tayvaniscema da gaRmerTeba dauS-vebelia, vinaidan RmerTi ars mTaTa uwinares da samaradi-sod (ix. fs. 89,2). qarTuli warmarTobac, iseve rogorc sazogadod es religia, mTas im RvTisCenis adgilad aRiq-vams, romelic masze mdgom kerpSia ganivTebuli. amitomac miriani Tavis `wignSi~ armazisa da zadenis kerpTa sauf-lo mTebs, rogorc codvis adgils, uflismieri cecxliT dawvis Rirsad miiCnevs. amgvari saazrovno konteqstic bibliidan unda momdinareobdes. moses galobis nawyveti II sj. wignSi ase ikiTxeba. `maT maSures me ara RmerTTa maTTa zeda da kerpebiTa maTiTa ganmamwares me, aw meca vaSuro maT naTesavsa mas zeda Seuracxsa da naTesaviTa miT ucebi, ganvkafne igini. rameTu cecxli aRatyda guliswyromisa-gan Cemisa, STaswuvides jojoxeTamde quesknelad. SeWamos

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queyanaÁ nayofiTurT TÂsiT da Suwunes safuZvelni mTa-Tani~ (II sj. 32,21-22).

cecxli bibliaSi ormagi datvirTvis simboloa. erTi mxriv, is aris Teofaniis, RvTisCenis niSani, xolo meore mxriv – niSani RvTis risxvisa da am gziT – ganwmendisac. RvTis mier cecxlis aRgzneba, rogorc misi Seurigebloba codvasTan, rogorc SemcodeTa dasjis saSualeba, Zveli aRTqmidan momdinare tradiciaa (mag. ix. ier. 21,22; es 30,33).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ zemoT miTiTebul epizodSic mTaTa Semwveli cecxli uflis risxvad unda gaSinaarsdes. amave dros, es cecxli ara mTaTa ganadgurebis, aramed maTi da warsulSi maTze kerpTa Tayvansacemad amsvleli eris ganwmendis niSanic unda iyos. amis kvalobaze warmarTuli qarTlis suraTs mirianis `wignSi~ mis mkvidrTa sulier feriscvalebaze miTiTeba cvlis. marTalia, es epizodi wm. ninos saxes warmoaCens, magram ara zogad konteqstSi, aramed imis gaazrebis fonze, Tu vin iyo nino qarTlisTvis naTlisRebamde da vin gaxda naTlisRebis Semdeg: `xolo odes moiwia Jami da movida netari ese dedakaci, mociquli da maxarebeli Zisa RmrTisaÁ, wmidaÁ nino, pirvel viTar-ca tyue, viTarca ucxoÁ da viTarca mwiri, viTarca Seu-wevneli, viTarca usmi da utyvi, romelica aw meqmna Cuen tyue igi dedofal, ucxoÁ igi _ deda, Seuwevneli – Sesa-vedrebel yovelTa, da utyÂ igi _ qadag Zlier da mecnier dafarulTa CemTa gulis sityuaTa~ (S. 158).

Satberdul redaqciaSi mirianis `wignis~ es epizodi kvlav Jamze miTiTebiT iwyeba. amjeradac ̀ Jami~ qarTvelTa sulier gadarCenas ukavSirdeba, vinaidan `movida netari ese dedakaci, mociquli da maxarebeli Zisa RmrTisaÁ~. mociqulad da maxareblad ixsenieba nino elene dedoflis werilSic, sadac is dedofladac iwodeba: `misca wigni igi helene dedoflisa mowerili, romeli moewera ninoÁsa, dedoflobiT da mociqulad da maxareblad Seemko~ (S. 90).

dedoflad aris moxseniebuli nino mirianis `wignSic~, oRondac aq misi mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim- aq misi mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-aq misi mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim- misi mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-misi mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim- mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-mxatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-xatvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-atvruli xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim- xati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-ati gacilebiT meti saxe-sim- gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-gacilebiT meti saxe-sim-biT meti saxe-sim-iT meti saxe-sim- meti saxe-sim-meti saxe-sim- saxe-sim-saxe-sim-xe-sim-e-sim--sim-sim-boloTi aris mowodebuli. Tavdapirvelad nino qarTlSi modis, rogorc tyve, ucxo, mwiri, Seuwevneli, usmi da utyvi da xdeba dedofali, deda, Sesavedrebeli yovelTa,

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Zlieri qadagi da mecnieri mefis dafarul gulissityvaTa. imas, rom wm. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-, rom wm. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-rom wm. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino- wm. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-wm. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-. ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-ninos saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino- saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-saxe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-xe am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-e am konteqstSi simboloTa antino- am konteqstSi simboloTa antino-am konteqstSi simboloTa antino- konteqstSi simboloTa antino-konteqstSi simboloTa antino- simboloTa antino-simboloTa antino-boloTa antino-oloTa antino- antino-antino-miuri wyvilebiT xasiaTdeba, araerTma mkvlevarma miaqcia yuradReba. faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-uradReba. faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-ba. faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-a. faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-. faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-faqtia, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-, TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si-TiToeuli es wyvili simboluri Si- es wyvili simboluri Si-es wyvili simboluri Si- wyvili simboluri Si-wyvili simboluri Si-yvili simboluri Si-vili simboluri Si- simboluri Si-simboluri Si-boluri Si-oluri Si- Si-Si-naarsis Semcvelia da gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat- Semcvelia da gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat-Semcvelia da gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat- da gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat-da gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat- gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat-gansakuTrebuli saTqmelis gamoxat-buli saTqmelis gamoxat-uli saTqmelis gamoxat- saTqmelis gamoxat-saTqmelis gamoxat- gamoxat-gamoxat-xat-at-vas emsaxureba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv- emsaxureba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-emsaxureba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-xureba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-ureba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-ba. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-a. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-. amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-amasTan, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-, wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-wyvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-yvilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-vilis pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv- pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv-pirveli wevri aRqmis ganv- wevri aRqmis ganv-wevri aRqmis ganv- aRqmis ganv-aRqmis ganv- ganv-ganv-lil etaps asaxavs, meore ki – amJamindelsa da samomavlos; anu mniSvneloba eniWeba ara imas, Tu vin iyo nino da vin aris igi TavisTavad, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel- igi TavisTavad, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-igi TavisTavad, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel- TavisTavad, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-TavisTavad, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-, aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-aramed imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel- imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-imas, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-, Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel-Tu vin iyo nino qarTvel- vin iyo nino qarTvel-vin iyo nino qarTvel- iyo nino qarTvel-iyo nino qarTvel-yo nino qarTvel-o nino qarTvel- nino qarTvel-nino qarTvel- qarTvel-qarTvel-TaTvis warmarTul warsulSi da vin aris igi qristianul awmyoSi, Sesabamisad – iqneba momavalSic.

aRniSnul simbolur saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle- simbolur saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-simbolur saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-bolur saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-olur saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle- saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-saxeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-xeTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-eTagan, upirvelesad, mkvle-, upirvelesad, mkvle-upirvelesad, mkvle- mkvle-mkvle-varTa yuradReba miiqcia antinomiurma wyvilma `tyve~ da `dedofali~. zogierT mecniers, miuxedavad imisa, rom arc `ninos cxovrebis~ teqsti da arc ucxouri wyaroebi amis Sesaxeb konkretul cnobas ar gvawvdian, ninos `tyveoba~ mainc istoriul realobad miaCnia (kekeliZe 1957: 286-287), zogi ar gamoricxavs ninos ama Tu im azriT `tyveobis~ faqts, magram arc am saxis simbolur SinaarsSi Seaqvs eWvi (siraZe 1997: 104-105; patariZe 1989: 158; patariZe 1993: 23), sxvebs ki miaCniaT, rom `tyve~ aRniSnul konteqstSi wminda qristologiur-simboluri datvirTvis matarebelia (nar-boluri datvirTvis matarebelia (nar-oluri datvirTvis matarebelia (nar- datvirTvis matarebelia (nar-datvirTvis matarebelia (nar-siZe 1985: 158; kiknaZe 1982: 105; kiknaZe 1985b: 269).

miuxedavad imisa, rom kategoriulad verc Cven gamovri-cxavT ninos `tyved~ moxseniebis raime konkretul safuZ-vels, TumcaRa es arc erT wyaroSi ar Cans, mainc migvaCnia, rom ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstSi ̀ tyve~ qristologiuri Sinaarsis simboluri saxea. sxva mxriv, yovlad gaugebari iqneba misi antinomiuri Sesatyvisi _ `dedofali~, rome-lic ar aris socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo- ar aris socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo-ar aris socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo- aris socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo-aris socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo- socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo-socialuri termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo- termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo-termini, vinaidan nino aq dedo-, vinaidan nino aq dedo-vinaidan nino aq dedo- nino aq dedo-nino aq dedo- aq dedo-aq dedo- dedo-dedo-flad iwodeba mxolod qarTlis winaSe misi damsaxurebis gamo. g. narsiZe am termins ganmartavs, rogorc `dominus~, `domina~ sityvis Targmans (narsiZe 1985: 158). is, samecnie-ro literaturis mixedviT, ixmareboda adreqristianul xanebSi termin `wmindanis~ (`sanktus~) kanonizaciamde (patariZe 1989: 159). r. siraZe fiqrobs, rom `ninosTvis am atributs SeiZleba Tanxleboda Zveli Sinaarsic, cxadia, qristianuli gadaazrebiT: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav- gadaazrebiT: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav-gadaazrebiT: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav-biT: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav-iT: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav-: `deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav-deda-ufali~ manamde niSnav--ufali~ manamde niSnav-ufali~ manamde niSnav-~ manamde niSnav-manamde niSnav- niSnav-niSnav-

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da qal-RmerTs. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris- qal-RmerTs. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-qal-RmerTs. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris--RmerTs. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-RmerTs. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-. es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-es sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris- sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-sityva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-yva imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-va imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris- imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris-imTaviTve gamouyenebia qris- gamouyenebia qris-gamouyenebia qris-yenebia qris-enebia qris-bia qris-ia qris- qris-qris-tianobas. `dedufalia~ mariam RvTismSobeli, igi sulieri `dedufalia~... wm. ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-dedufalia~... wm. ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-~... wm. ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-wm. ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-. ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-ninos mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob- mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-mimarT `dedofloba~ RvTismSob- `dedofloba~ RvTismSob-dedofloba~ RvTismSob-~ RvTismSob-RvTismSob-b-lisadmi analogiiTac SeiZleboda Tqmuliyo~ (siraZe 1997: 103-105).

vfiqrobT, ninos, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-bT, ninos, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-T, ninos, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-, ninos, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-ninos, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-, rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-rogorc `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim- `dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-dedoflis~ mxatvrul-sim-~ mxatvrul-sim-mxatvrul-sim-xatvrul-sim-atvrul-sim--sim-sim-bolur saxeSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-olur saxeSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism- saxeSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-saxeSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-xeSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-eSi mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism- mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-mTavari da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism- da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-da ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism- ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism-ganmsazRvreli swored RvTism- swored RvTism-swored RvTism- RvTism-RvTism-Soblis bibliuri gaazreba unda iyos. sainteresoa, rom RvTismSoblis saxeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-blis saxeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-lis saxeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de- saxeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-saxeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-xeli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-eli `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de- `mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-mariamic~ semantikurad swored de-~ semantikurad swored de-semantikurad swored de- swored de-swored de- de-de-doflis gagebas Seicavs: `...Мария, это имя, которое носила когда-то и сестра Моисея..., было широко распространено в эпоху Христа. На тогдашнем арамейском языке оно означало, вероятно, «княгиня», «госпожа» (leqsikoni 1998: 543).

mariam RvTismSobeli ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi- RvTismSobeli ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi-RvTismSobeli ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi-beli ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi-eli ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi- ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi-ar aris bibliuri istoriis rigi- aris bibliuri istoriis rigi-aris bibliuri istoriis rigi- bibliuri istoriis rigi-bibliuri istoriis rigi-ibliuri istoriis rigi-bliuri istoriis rigi-liuri istoriis rigi- istoriis rigi-istoriis rigi- rigi-rigi-Ti monawile. is gankacebuli uflis fiziologiuri dedaa da, amdenad, qristes SobiT SesaZlebels xdis gamoxs-nis sakraluri Sinaarsis ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz- sakraluri Sinaarsis ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz-sakraluri Sinaarsis ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz- Sinaarsis ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz-Sinaarsis ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz- ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz-ganxorcielebas. am Tvalsaz-xorcielebas. am Tvalsaz-orcielebas. am Tvalsaz-bas. am Tvalsaz-as. am Tvalsaz-. am Tvalsaz-am Tvalsaz- Tvalsaz-Tvalsaz-risiT, wm. ninoc qarTlisTvis RvTismSoblis nacvalia. is, rogorc Tavis gulSi matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi- Tavis gulSi matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-Tavis gulSi matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi- gulSi matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-gulSi matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi- matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-matarebeli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-beli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-eli WeSmariti RvTis sityvi- WeSmariti RvTis sityvi-WeSmariti RvTis sityvi- RvTis sityvi-RvTis sityvi- sityvi-sityvi-yvi-vi-sa, aziarebs masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-, aziarebs masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-aziarebs masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-bs masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-s masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb- masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-masTan warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb- warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-warmarT qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb- qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-qarTvelobas da amiT SesaZleb-bas da amiT SesaZleb-as da amiT SesaZleb- da amiT SesaZleb-da amiT SesaZleb- amiT SesaZleb-amiT SesaZleb- SesaZleb-SesaZleb-Zleb-leb-b-els xdis maT sulier gamoxsnas. wm. ninos mxatvruli saxis mimarTebisaTvis mariam RvTismSobelTan sainteresoa erTi saxarebiseuli detalic. jvarcmulma ìeso viTarca ixila dedaÁ TÂsi da mowafe igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo- da mowafe igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-da mowafe igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo- mowafe igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-mowafe igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo- igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-igi, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-, romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgo- uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-uyuarda, winaSe mdgo-yuarda, winaSe mdgo-uarda, winaSe mdgo-, winaSe mdgo-winaSe mdgo- mdgo-mdgo-mareni, hrqua dedasa TÂssa: dedakaco, aha Ze Seni!~ da merme mowafesa mas hrqua: àha, dedaÁ Seni!~ da mieriTgan wariyva-Seni!~ da mieriTgan wariyva-!~ da mieriTgan wariyva-da mieriTgan wariyva- mieriTgan wariyva-mieriTgan wariyva- wariyva-wariyva-yva-va-na igi mowafeman man TÂsTa Tana~ (ioan. 19,26-27). am epizodis Sesaxeb saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi SeniSnulia: `Ии-сус призывает Её к новому материнству, которое и станет от-ныне её назначением в народе Божием~ (leqsikoni1998: 547). rogorc Cans, amis kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel- Cans, amis kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-Cans, amis kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-, amis kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-amis kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel- kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-kvalobaze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-baze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-aze unda gacnobierdes qarTvel- unda gacnobierdes qarTvel-unda gacnobierdes qarTvel- gacnobierdes qarTvel-gacnobierdes qarTvel-bierdes qarTvel-ierdes qarTvel- qarTvel-qarTvel-TaTvis `dedad~ qceva wm. ninosic, romelic, Tavis mxriv, maT xdis uflis erad. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberdul nusxaSi antinomiur wyvilTa Soris aris ùcxo _ deda~. arc WeliSur da arc sinur nusxebSi amgvari wyvili ar aris, TumcaRa samive redaqciaSi miriani uwodebs ninos `dedas~ Semdeg konteqstSi: `Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi- konteqstSi: `Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-konteqstSi: `Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-: `Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-hvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-vedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi- suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi- Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi-Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmi- dedasa Cemsa wmi-dedasa Cemsa wmi- Cemsa wmi-Cemsa wmi- wmi-wmi-dasa ninos~ (W. 160, s. 56). WeliSur teqstSi ikiTxeba kidev

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erTi fraza, romelSic nino qarTvelTa dedad ixsenieba: òbol viqmeniT dedisa ganmanaTlebelisa Cuenisagan~ (W. 161). ninos `dedobas~ r. siraZe ukavSirebs im faqtsac, rom `masSi~ gansakuTrebulad gaZlierebulia erTi momenti – nino emsgavseba àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-nino emsgavseba àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum- emsgavseba àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-emsgavseba àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-ba àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-a àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum- àdgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-adgilis dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum- dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-dedas~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-~ (siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-siraZe 1997: 106), Tum-Ze 1997: 106), Tum-e 1997: 106), Tum- 1997: 106), Tum-Tum-caRa miiCnevs, rom `wm. nino iyo `deda~ qarTlis mkvidrTa... maTi sulieri deda... albaT, ZiriTadad esec RvTismSoblis analogiidan momdinareobs~ (siraZe 1997: 106).

ninos qarTvelTa `dedad~ moxseniebasTan dakavSirebiT, aris, Cveni azriT, kidev erTi saintereso niuansic. wm. nino mociqulTa sworia. mas qarTlSi swored mociqulebrivi misia akisria. pavles epistoleebSi mociqulTa Rvawli da Sroma SvilTa mimarT dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se- SvilTa mimarT dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-SvilTa mimarT dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se- mimarT dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-mimarT dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se- dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-dedobriv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-briv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-riv mzrunvelobasTan aris Se- mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-mzrunvelobasTan aris Se-basTan aris Se-asTan aris Se- aris Se-aris Se- Se-Se-darebuli: `da esaRa Ãel-guewifebis, da Tumca raÁme-gimZ--gimZ-gimZ-Z-imeT, viTarca qristes mociqulTa, aramed viqmneniT Cuen mSÂd da myudro Tquen Soris, viTarca mzrdeli raÁ hfufu-hfufu-fufu-nebs TÂsTa SvilTa~ (I Tes. 2,7). ufro metic, pavle, rogorc mociquli, sxvaTa moqcevas WeSmaritebis gzaze adarebs dedis mier SvilTa Sobas tanjviTa da tkiviliT, romelic mswrafl qreba Cvilis dabadebiT moniWebuli bednierebis wyalobiT: `Svilno Cemno, romelTaTÂs kualad melmis, vidremde gamoixatos qriste Tquen Soris~ (gal. 4,19). am-Tquen Soris~ (gal. 4,19). am- Soris~ (gal. 4,19). am-Soris~ (gal. 4,19). am-~ (gal. 4,19). am-gal. 4,19). am-. 4,19). am-am-denad, pavle mociqulis mixedviT, mociqulebrivi misia dedobriv instinqtebs efuZneba. vfiqrobT, ninos saxe amis kvalobazec SeiZleba gacnobierdes, rogorc `deda~.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, `mirianis wignis~ miTiTebul epizodSi `dedis~ antinomiuri mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti- `dedis~ antinomiuri mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti-dedis~ antinomiuri mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti-~ antinomiuri mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti-antinomiuri mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti- mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti-mewyvile ùcxoa~. am anti-yvile ùcxoa~. am anti-vile ùcxoa~. am anti- ùcxoa~. am anti-ucxoa~. am anti-xoa~. am anti-oa~. am anti-~. am anti-am anti- anti-anti-nomiis gageba semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo- gageba semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo-gageba semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo-ba semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo-a semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo- semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo-semantikur doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo- doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo-doneze sruliad bunebrivad mo- sruliad bunebrivad mo-sruliad bunebrivad mo- bunebrivad mo-bunebrivad mo-unebrivad mo-brivad mo-rivad mo- mo-mo-Cans. ̀ ucxos~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-. ̀ ucxos~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-ucxos~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-xos~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-os~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-~ upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-upirispirdeba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-ba adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-a adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob- adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob-adamianisTvis yvelaze axlob- yvelaze axlob-yvelaze axlob-velaze axlob- axlob-axlob-xlob-lob-b-lis _ `dedis~ _ cneba. Cveni azriT, ~ucxo~ simboluri mniSvnelobiTac ar aris gansakuTrebulad rTuli saxe. am SemTxvevaSi mTeli datvirTva swored antinomiurobaze modis da ara sakuTriv ̀ ucxos~ gagebaze. samecniero lite-raturaSi aris mcdeloba, ninos ̀ ucxooba~ mirianis ̀ wignis~ teqstSi daukavSirdes netari avgustines moZRvrebas ori qalaqis Sesaxeb (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx- Sesaxeb (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-Sesaxeb (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-xeb (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-eb (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-b (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx- (patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-patariZe 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-Ze 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-e 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx- 1989: 158). vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-vfiqrobT, aseT SemTx-, aseT SemTx-aseT SemTx- SemTx-SemTx-vevaSi gaugebari xdeba ùcxo-deda~ antinomiis Sinaarsi. mirianis `wignis~ mixedviT xom qarTlSi `viTarca ucxoÁ~

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mosuli nino mis mosaxleobas eqmna `dedad~. Cveni azriT, ùcxo~ miTiTebul epizodSi unda niSnavdes sxva qveynidan mosuls an erovnebiTa Tu sarwmunoebiT ucxos. swored am mniSvnelobiT aris es termini ZiriTadad dadasturebuli qarTuli literaturis ZeglebSi (mag.: àbos wamebaSi~) da Tavad ̀ ninos cxovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl- ̀ ninos cxovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-ninos cxovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl- cxovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-cxovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-xovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-ovrebaSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-baSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-aSic~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-~. wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-wm. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-. nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl-nino hyveba, rom man, qarTl- hyveba, rom man, qarTl-hyveba, rom man, qarTl-veba, rom man, qarTl-ba, rom man, qarTl-a, rom man, qarTl-, rom man, qarTl-rom man, qarTl- man, qarTl-man, qarTl-, qarTl-qarTl-Si mosulma, ixila èri ucxoÁ ucxoTa RmerTTa msaxuri, cecxlsa da qvaTa da ZelTa Tayuanis-scemdes~ (S. 117).

rogorc Cans, ùcxos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax- Cans, ùcxos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-Cans, ùcxos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-, ùcxos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-ucxos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-xos~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-os~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-~ amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax-amgvar gagebasTan unda idges ax- gagebasTan unda idges ax-gagebasTan unda idges ax- unda idges ax-unda idges ax- idges ax-idges ax- ax-ax-x-los ̀ mwiric~, romelic, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo- ̀ mwiric~, romelic, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-mwiric~, romelic, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-~, romelic, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-romelic, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-, rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-rogorc erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo- erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo-erTgvari sinonimi ̀ ucxo- sinonimi ̀ ucxo-sinonimi ̀ ucxo- ̀ ucxo-ucxo-si~ antinomiur wyvilSi aRar Cans. sulxan-saba orbelianis ganmartebiTac, `mwiri (7,6 saqme) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo-, `mwiri (7,6 saqme) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo-mwiri (7,6 saqme) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo- (7,6 saqme) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo-saqme) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo-) ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo-ese ars ucxo vinme ucxo- ars ucxo vinme ucxo-ars ucxo vinme ucxo- ucxo vinme ucxo-ucxo vinme ucxo-xo vinme ucxo-o vinme ucxo- vinme ucxo-vinme ucxo- ucxo-ucxo-xo-o-Ta adgilTa iyofebodes da gamoizardebodes, gina sulsa zrdides da wmidaTa adgilsa moilocevdes (luka 24,18)~ (orbeliani 1991: 546). bunebrivia, warmarTul qarTlSi nino wm. adgilebs ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign- wm. adgilebs ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-wm. adgilebs ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-. adgilebs ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-adgilebs ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign- ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-ver moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign- moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-moilocavda, amitom mirianis `wign-, amitom mirianis `wign-amitom mirianis `wign- mirianis `wign-mirianis `wign- `wign-wign-is~ `mwiri~ am sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-~ `mwiri~ am sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-mwiri~ am sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-~ am sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-am sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS- sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-sityvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-yvis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-vis sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS- sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS-sabaseuli ganmartebis pirveli mniS- ganmartebis pirveli mniS-ganmartebis pirveli mniS- pirveli mniS-pirveli mniS- mniS-mniS-vnelobiT unda gavigoT. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo- unda gavigoT. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-unda gavigoT. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo- gavigoT. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-gavigoT. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-. ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-ucxo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-xo da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-o da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo- da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-da mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo- mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-mwiri, sxva qveyanaSi mo-, sxva qveyanaSi mo-sxva qveyanaSi mo-xva qveyanaSi mo-va qveyanaSi mo- qveyanaSi mo-qveyanaSi mo-yanaSi mo-anaSi mo- mo-mo-suli, miT umetes sxva aRmsareblobis xalxSi moxvedrili, garkveulwilad, martoa da amdenad – Seuwevnelic. amave dros, Seuwevneloba SeiZleba upatiobasac niSnavdes. `Sewevna – moÃmareba (+gina pativi) (orbeliani 1993: 297). vfiqrobT, antinomiur wyvilSi `Seuwevneli _ Sesavedre-bel yovelTa~ es sityva am ukanasknel mniSvnelobasac unda moicavdes, vinaidan wm. nino, romelsac ar miages jerovani pativi Tavdapirvelad, Tavis qadagebaTa ZaliT Semdeg iqca Sesavedreblad qarTlis mosaxleobisaTvis, romelic man naTlisRebiT sulier naTels aziara. swored misi siZ-liere, rogorc qadagisa, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino-, rogorc qadagisa, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino-rogorc qadagisa, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino- qadagisa, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino-qadagisa, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino-, gamokveTilia Semdgom antino-gamokveTilia Semdgom antino- Semdgom antino-Semdgom antino- antino-antino-miur wyvilSi: ùtyvi igi – qadag Zlier~. Tavdapirvelad nino cxaddeba ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo- cxaddeba ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-cxaddeba ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-xaddeba ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-addeba ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo- ùsmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-usmad da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo- da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-da utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo- utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-utyvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-yvad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-vad~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-~. erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo-erTi mxriv, misi ùsmo- mxriv, misi ùsmo-mxriv, misi ùsmo-xriv, misi ùsmo-riv, misi ùsmo-, misi ùsmo-misi ùsmo- ùsmo-usmo-ba da utyvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi- da utyvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-da utyvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi- utyvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-utyvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-yvoba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-voba~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-~ SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-SeiZleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-Zleba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-leba misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi- misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-misi ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi- ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-ucxoobis Sedegad gacnobi-xoobis Sedegad gacnobi-oobis Sedegad gacnobi- Sedegad gacnobi-Sedegad gacnobi- gacnobi-gacnobi-erdes. rodesac CvenebiT mosuli kaci wm. ninos `dabeWdul wigns~ miscems mcxeTaSi warmarTi mefisTvis misarTmevad, is iwyebs tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka- iwyebs tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-iwyebs tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-yebs tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-ebs tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka- tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-tirilsa da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka- da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-da vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka- vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-vedrebas RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka- RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-RvTisadmi: ùfalo, dedaka-: ùfalo, dedaka-ufalo, dedaka-, dedaka-dedaka-ci var ucxoÁ da umecari, viTar mivide me, arca enaÁ vici, Tu raÁ vTqva ucxoTa naTesavTa Tana~ (W. 116). magram, meore mxriv, is faqti, rom ùtyvi da usmi~ nino, enis ucodinari

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da SeiZleba aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim- SeiZleba aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-SeiZleba aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-Zleba aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-leba aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim- aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-aramWevrmetyvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-yvelic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-velic, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-, Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-Zlieri qadagi xdeba, sim-lieri qadagi xdeba, sim- qadagi xdeba, sim-qadagi xdeba, sim- xdeba, sim-xdeba, sim-deba, sim-, sim-sim-boluri gaazrebiT bibliur wyaroebs unda efuZnebodes (gavixsenoT, Tundac, `xmawulili~ da ènamZime~ mose (gam. 4,11-12; II sj. 18,18); an ieremia winaswarmetyvelis istoria (ier. 1,9)). Tavad ufali metyvelebs mociqulTa piriTac. ieso qriste eubneba mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel- qriste eubneba mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel-qriste eubneba mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel- eubneba mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel-eubneba mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel- mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel-mowafeebs: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel-: ̀ ...ara Tquen xarT metyuel-ara Tquen xarT metyuel- Tquen xarT metyuel-Tquen xarT metyuel- xarT metyuel-xarT metyuel-arT metyuel- metyuel-metyuel-yuel-uel-ni, aramed suli wmidaÁ~ (mark. 13,10-11). ninoc qarTvel-mark. 13,10-11). ninoc qarTvel-. 13,10-11). ninoc qarTvel-ninoc qarTvel- qarTvel-qarTvel-TaTvis mociqulTa sworia. misi piriT ufali metyvelebs. swored es garemoeba aqcevs ninos, ùtyvsa da usms~, Zlier qadagad.

garda imisa, rom miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris- imisa, rom miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-imisa, rom miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-, rom miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-rom miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris- miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-miriani Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris- Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-Tavis `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris- `wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-wignSi~ wm. ninos qris-~ wm. ninos qris-wm. ninos qris-. ninos qris-ninos qris- qris-qris-tianobis Zlier mqadageblad saxavs, Tavis pirad sulier moZRvradac warmogvidgens. `mecnier dafarulTa CemTa gulissityuaTa~ (S. 158), _ ase uwodebs qarTlis mefe ganmanaTlebels. mxileba codvis warmomCenia, gacxade-. mxileba codvis warmomCenia, gacxade-mxileba codvis warmomCenia, gacxade-buli codva ki jer mis gaazrebas, xolo Semdeg monaniebas iwvevs. da ai, WeSmariti RvTis ZaliTa da ninos sulieri TanadgomiT miriani mkafiod acnobierebs sakuTar ganv-lil gzasac da naTelmosil awmyosac. amitomac wers: àman wmidaman aRanTo gulsa Cemsa sanTeli naTlisaÁ da Suva Ramesa oden meCuena me mzÀ brwyinvalÀ, qriste RmerTi Cue-ni, romlisa naTeli misi ara moakldes ukunisamde da meqmna Cuen moZRuar da SemrTna Cuen ersa qristessa naTlis-Re-biTa wmidisa da patiosnisa Zelisa TavyaniscemiTa da momca Cuen Sjuli axali cxorebisaÁ da sixarulisaÁ da Rirs-myvna gemoÁs-xilvad saidumloTa uxrwnelTa zecisaTa~ (S. 158). mirianis `wignis~ es pasaJi uaRresad STambeWdavia esTeti-kuri TvalsazrisiT, magram esTetikuroba Sua saukuneebis qristianul xelovnebaSi ar aris TviTkmari Rirebuleba. esTetikuri aris is, rac eTikuria, eTikurs ki religiuri cnobiereba gansazRvravs. Sesabamisad, mxatvruli saxec Tavisi warmoSobiT umTavresad bibliuria, Tumca, araiS-viaTad niWieri avtoris SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis daRic atyvia. wm. ninomo àRanTo gulsa Cemsa sanTeli naTlisaÁ~, _ ambobs mirian mefe. gulSi anTebuli sanTeli, rogorc RvTis Tanadaswrebis an RmerTTan Tanaarsebobis, RvTis si-tyvis gulSi damkvidrebis niSani jer kidev Zveli aRTqmi-dan momdinareobs da saxeobriv mniSvnelobas inarCunebs

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mociqulTa epistolur memkvidreobaSic: `rameTu Rmer-Tman, romelman Tqua bnelisagan naTeli gamobrwyinvebad, romelman gamoabrwyinva gulTa Sina CuenTa gansanaTle-belad mecnierebisa didebisa RmrTisa winaSe pirsa iesu qristessa~ (II kor. 4,6) (ix. agreTve, II pet. 1,19). amgvari saxeobrivi datvirTviT funqcionirebs `gulSi anTebuli sanTeli~ mirianis `wignSic~, sadac paralelurad Semota-nilia meore, sinonimuri mniSvnelobis, saxe-simbolo _ `SuaRamis mze~: `Suva Ramesa oden meCuena me mzÀ brwyin-valÀ, qriste RmerTi Cueni romlisa naTeli misi ara moak-ldes ukunisamde~ (S. 158) (WeliSuri varianti amatebs: `mze igi simarTlisaÁ, brwyinrvaled~).

mirianis `wignis~ am epizods r. siraZe akavSirebs `ninos cxovrebis~ winare TxrobasTan, kerZod, mzis dabnelebis epizodTan TxoTis mTaze. (siraZe 1997: 95). TavisTavad, mirianis `wignSi~, faqtobrivad, teqstSive dakonkrete-bulia zemoaRniSnuli simbolos sakraluri Sinaarsi _ `mze brwyinvale~ anu `mze simarTlisa~ aris qriste Rmer-Ti. jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSi moswavebulia iesos mosvla, rogorc naTlisa warmarTTa Soris: èrman mavalman bnelsa Sina ixile naTeli didi, damkvidrebulno sofelsa Sina da aCrdilTa sikvdilisaTa, naTeli gabrwyinda Tquen zeda~ (es. 9,20); (ix. agr., es. 58,10). ioanes saxarebaSi Tavad ieso ambobs: `me var naTeli soflisaÁ, romeli Semomidges me, ara vidodis bnelsa, aramed aqundes naTeli cxovrebi-saÁ~ (ioan. 8, 12), xolo luka maxarebeli am naTels swored amomaval mzed saxavs: `mowyalebiTa wyalobisa RmrTisa CuenisaÁTa, romelTa mier momxedna Cuen aRmosavalman maR-liT gamoCinebad maT zeda, romelni sxenan bnelsa Sina da aCrdilTa sikudilisaTa, da warmarTebad ferÃTa CuenTa gzasa mSÂidobisasa~ (luk. 1,78-79). ieso, rogorc mze, dRed aqcevs Rames, danaSaulis, SiSisa da codvis dros. `Rame igi gangueSora da dRe Semogueaxla, ganviSorneT ukue saqmeni bnelisani da SevimosoT saWurveli naTlisaÁ~, _ moZRvravs romaelebs pavle mociquli (rom. 13,12). mirianisTvisac ukan darCa `saqmeni bnelisani~, warmarTuli warsuli, da, `naTlis saWurvelSemosili~, wm. ninos moZRvrebis ZaliT qarTvelobasTan erTad Tavs `qristes erTan TanaSerTu-

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lad~ grZnobs. Zveli aRTqmis mixedviT, ufalma sxva erTa Soris israe-

li gamoarCia. is iyo `wminda uflisa... dasabami naSromTa misTa~ (ier. 2-3), misi `samwyso~ (fs. 94,7), `venaxi~ (es. 5,1), `Ze misi pirmSo~ (gam. 4,22). magram israeli mravalgzis asc-da WeSmarit gzas da scoda, ris gamoc daisaja kidec. axali aRTqmiT, ufali miznad isaxavs Tavisi rCeuli eris sulier gardasaxvas. igi ganwmends mas codvilTagan da, amasTanave, Tavisi Canafiqris arealSi moaqcevs warmarT erebsac, rom-lebic mas uerTdebian rwmeniT. amgvarad Camoyalibebuli axali eri aris is eri, romlis codvebic Tavisi sisxliT gamoisyida iesom. amdenad, is aris ukve ieso qristes eri: `romelman-igi misca Tavi TÂsi CuenTÂs, raÁTa miÃsnes Cuen yovlisagan usjuloebisa da ganmwmindnes Tavisa TÂsisa erad mogebulad, mobaZavad keTilTa saqmeTa~ (tit. 2,14). es aris eri, romelic unda gamovides babilonidan _ boro-tebis qalaqidan (gamocx. 18,4) da Seikribos ierusalimSi – RvTis samkvidrebel qalaqSi (gamocx. 21,2-3). es zeciuri ierusalimia, axali ierusalimi, romlis moqalaqec xdeba eri qristesi. es aris àxali ca da axali qveyana~(gamocx. 21,1), romelSic iwyeba àxali cxovreba~. amitomac mas Semdeg, rac mirianis `wignSi~ saubaria ninos saSualebiT qarTvelobis TanaSerTvaze qristes erTan, teqstSi Se-modis axali mxatvrul-simboluri saxe, Sesatyvisi Cveni, rogorc qristes eris, esqatologiuri momavlisa. ninomo, ambobs mirian mefe, `momca Cuen Sjuli axali cxovrebisaÁ da sixarulisaÁ da Rirs myvna gemoisxilvad saidumloTa uxsrwnelTa zecisaTa~ (S. 158). àxali cxovrebis~ rju-li anu qristianoba aris, amave dros, sjuli sixarulisa. ieso qristes Tavisi dabadebiT, cxovrebiTa da jvarcmiT wuTisofelSi moaqvs sulieri sixaruli morwmuneTaTvis, romelic maT maradiul sixarulad gadaeqcevaT istoriis dasasruls, ̀ axal cxovrebaSi~ _ ̀ vixarebdeT da viSuebdiT da mivsceT mas didebaÁ, rameTu movida qorwili kravisaÁ da colman misman ganmzada Tavi TÂsi~ (gamocx. 19,7). eri qris-tesi, rogorc sasZlo, am qorwiliT samudamod ukavSirdeba kravs, sasiZos, mis siyvarulsa da cxovrebas. swored es aris zecis uxrwneli saidumlo, romlis `gemoisxilvis Rirsi~

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gaxda qarTveloba ninos mier misi moqcevis Semdeg.mirianis `wignis~ zemoT ganxilul Rrmad emociur na-

wils mosdevs Txroba cxoveli svetis dafuZnebis, qvemo eklesiis agebis, sajvre xis moWris, misgan sami jvris Semzadebisa da maTi aRmarTvis, ninos `mayvalTa zeda~ zemo eklesiis aRSenebis, wm. ninos gardacvalebis, misi dakrZalvisa da bodSi, `friad didi~ eklesiis aRSeneba-Semkobis Sesaxeb. teqstis am monakveTs TiTqosda yvelaze metad aqvs ambis gadmocemis saxe, Tumca es Txrobac mxat-vrul-saxeobrivi niuansebiT aris gamdidrebuli, rac su-lierad aSinaarsebs mirianis qristianul Rvawls. am Tval-sazrisiT sainteresoa zemo eklesiis aRSenebis miriani-seuli aRqma: `da aRvaSene, eklesiaÁ mayulovansa mas Sina ninoÁssa, da vqmen mas Sina saqmÀ, qmnuli uCinoÁ da cxadi, didebaÁ mayulovanTa maT~ (S. 159). am epizods yuradReba mi-aqcia e. WeliZem da winaaRmdeg g. CubinaSvilis geometriu-li interpretaciisa, misi saxismetyvelebiTi gaazreba SemogvTavaza. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, fraza `qmnuli uCi-noÁ~ gulisxmobs `saqmed qceul~ ganivTebul uxilav Zalas anu eklesias, romelic ganasaxierebs, amave dros, nivTier samyarosac, xilul anu cxad sinamdviles, aris simbolo mTeli xiluli qveynisa...~ (WeliZe 1985: 106).

saxismetyvelebiT aris gasaazrebeli mirianis Txroba `quemo eklesiis~ Sesaxebac: `da aRvaSene zemo eklesiaÁ Ta-visa CemisaTÂs qviTa da erisa simravliTa, rameTu quemosa eklesiasa erqua `wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁ~ da yoladve ver vikad-rebdi karTa misTa ganxumad TÂnier mRdelTasa, romelni galobed mas Sina, rameTu SiSi didi dacemul iyo yovelsa zeda kacsa suetisa misgan cxovelisa da axedvida yoveli kaci suetsa mas viTarca Zalsa RmrTisasa. da mixedvadca ver eZlo kacTa sarTulsa missa, romelsa TÂT vxedavT, da ver vikadre winaSe missa aRmokueTad miwaÁ samared Cemda, raÁTamca davsxen Ãorcni Cemni mis winaSe, rameTu meSino-da misgan codvisa oden moqmedsa. da Sevimzade zemoÁ saf-lavi Cemi, raÁTa Tualsa missa mivhrido da wyalobasa mis-sa mivemTxÂo aRdgomasa~ (S. 160). imas, rom sveticxovlis taZars, anu `quemo eklesias~, mirianis TqmiT, erqva `wmi-daÁ wmidaTaÁ~, mkvlevrebma didi xania miaqcies yuradReba.

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da es saxelwodeba Zvel ierusalimTan, moses karavTan da solomonis taZris `dabirTan~, rogorc RvTis gamocxa-debis adgilTan, daakavSires (ix. mgalobliSvili 1991: 179; siraZe 1997: 90). amasTanave, `wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁ~ qristianul taZrebSi sakurTxevels ewodeba. magram is, rom mirianis `wignSi~ am saxeliT moixsenieba mTeli taZari, `gansa-kuTrebuli, Tumca... araunikaluri movlenaa qristianul samyaroSi~ (kiknaZe 1985: 61), ris damadasturebeli araer-Ti magaliTi arsebobs. rogorc Cans, aseTi saxelwodeba _ `wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁ~ _ taZars eniWeba misi gansakuTrebuli mdebareobis an masSi gansakuTrebuli siwmindeebis arse-bobis gamo. z. kiknaZis TqmiT, `mcxeTaSi arsebuli eklesi-is `wmidaTa wmidad~ gamocxadeba ganpirobebuli iyo masSi im svetis arsebobiT, romelic imTaviTve siwminded iqna Seracxili. `sueti igi cxoveli~ aris pirveli erovnuli qristianuli siwminde~ (kiknaZe 1985 : 60-61).

amave dros, niSandoblivia, rom `cxoveli sveti~ Ta-visTavad efuZneba adgils, sadac daflulia uflis kvar-Ti. amdenad, es ori udidesi siwminde aq Tanaarsebobs, romelTagan erTi – kvarTi, `Ze kacisas~ jvarcmamdeli sa-mosi – sakuTriv qristianobis simboloa, xolo `cxoveli sveti~, rogorc cecxlovani sveti, _ jer kidev Zveli aRTqmidan momdinare saxe uflisa. egviptidan gamoyvanil israels RmerTi RamiT uZRvis cecxlis svetis saxiT (gam. 13,21). cecxlis svetis saxiT Camodis zecidan miwaze mcxe-Tis sveti-cxovelic (W. 141). is RvTis Zalad ganicdeba _ àxedvida yoveli kaci suetsa mas viTarca Zalsa RmrTisa-sa~ (S. 160). amitom rogorc moses, romelmac `gare-miiqcia piri misi~ cecxlmodebuli da Seuwveli mayvlisagan, `ram-eTu eSinoda mixedvad winaSe RmrTisa~ (gam. 3,6), imJamindel qarTlSic `mixedvadca ver eZlo kacsa sarTulsa missa~ (S. 160).

iq, sadac mirian mefe saubrobs ̀ quemo eklesiaze~, gvamc-nobs, agreTve, rom veravin ikadrebda am taZarSi Sesvlas kvira dRis garda, `rameTu SiSi didi dacemul iyo yovelsa zeda kacsa suetisa misgan cxovelisa~ (S. 160). samecniero literaturaSi garkveulia, rom mrevlis Sekreba sveti-cxovlis taZarSi mxolod kviraobiT ara imis Sedegia, rom

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axali religiis SiSi abrkolebda mosaxleobis eklesiaSi Sesvlas, rogorc varaudobda zogi xelovnebaTmcodne (g. CubinaSvili, v. beriZe), aramed gamoZaxili ierusalimuri liturgikuli praqtikisa (kiknaZe 1985a: 63-64; mgalobliS-vili 1991: 176-179). xolo rac Seexeba SiSs, is saerTod re-ligiuri cnobierebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifikuri gancdaa. `RvTismoSiSeba~ morwmunis bunebrivi sulieri mdgomareobaa. rogorc Cans, es gancda gansakuTrebiT gamZafrebuli hqonia mefe mirians. RvTisadmi uaRresi krZalulebis gamo, ambobs mefe, `ver vikadre winaSe missa aRmokueTad miwaÁ samared Cemda, raÁTamca davsxen Ãorcni Cemni mis winaSe, rameTu meSinoda misgan codvisa oden moq-medsa da Sevimzade zemoÁ saflavi Cemi, raÁTa Tualsa missa mivhrido da wyalobasa missa mivemTxÂo aRdgomasa~ (S. 166).

uflis kvarTs dafuZnebuli cxoveli svetis winaSe am udidesi siwmindeebis maxloblad mirians Tavisi codvili xorcis, sxeulis daflva, rogorc Cans, kadnierebad da ampartavnobad miuCnevia. mas umjobesad Seuracxavs am da sxva vnebaTa daTrgunvis gziT RmerTTan sulieri siaxlo-vis mopoveba. `wyalobasa missa mivemTxvio aRdgomasa~ _ es aris mefis sasoeba.

ieso qriste Tavad aris aRdgoma da cxovreba: `me var aRdgomaÁ da cxovrebaÁ. romelsa hrwmenes Cemi, mo-RaTu-kudes, cxondesve~, _ eubneba ieso lazares das, marTas (ioan. 11,25). pavle mociquli ki moZRvravs romaelebs: ùkueTu suli igi aRmadginebelisa iesoÁsi mkudreTiT mkÂdr ars Tquen Soris, romelman-igi aRadgina qriste mku-dreTiT, ganacxovelnes mokudavnica ege Ãorcni Tquenni damkvidrebulisa mis mier Tquen Soris sulisa misisa~ (rom. 8,11). `mokudavTa xorcTa gancxoveleba~, anu uflis wyaloba, romelsac miriani moelis, uxrwneli, sulieri aR-dgomaa, ganaxlebaa ukanaskneli droisa da axali cxovrebis mijnaze. pavle mociquli wers: ègreca aRdgomasa mkudar-Tasa, daeTesvis xrwnilebiT da aRdgebis uxrwnelebiT... daeTesvis Ãorci mSÂnvieri da aRdgebis Ãorci sulieri... ÃorcTa da sisxlTa sasufeveli RmrTisaÁ damkÂdrebad ver Zal-uc, arca xrwnilebaman uxrwnelebaÁ daimkÂdros. aha esera saidumlosa giTxrob Tquen: yovelTave ukue ara

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SevisuenoT, xolo yovelnive ganvaxldeT meysa Sina wamsa Tualisa ukuanaÁsknelTa miT sayÂriTa, rameTu sayÂrsa daeces, da mkudarni igi aRdgen uxrwnelni, da Cuen ganvax-ldeT rameTu jer-ars xrwnilisa amis Semosad uxrwnele-baÁ, da mokudavisa amis Semosad ukudavebaÁ~ (I kor. 15, 42-53). swored amgvari ukvdavebiT Semosvis wyalobas moelis mirian mefe RvTisgan, TumcaRa mis sasoebas msWvalavs sa-kuTari codvianobis mZafri SegrZneba. qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefe Tavs `codvisa oden moqmeds~ uwodebs da amiT sinanulis madlian gzas adgeba. am TvalsazrisiT is erTgvar Suaxidadac moCans fsalmunTmetyvelsa da `ga-lobani sinanulisanis~ avtors Soris. aqve SesaZleblad migvaCnia SevniSnoT, rom mirian mefis sulieri naTesaoba, erTi mxriv, bibliur winaparTan, xolo meore mxriv, qarT-vel STamomavalTan mxolod codvisa da sinanulis Rrma religiuri gancdiT ar SeigrZnoba. Cveni azriT, mirianis `wigni-anderZic~ `poeziis~ nimuSia, oRond ara formisa da Janris, aramed Zalumad gamovlenili Sinagani lirizmis kvalobaze.

mas Semdeg, rac `wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁsa~ da cxoveli svetis winaSe Tavisi krZalulebis Sesaxeb gviambo, mefe miriani gvamcnobs: `da viTarca Sevimzade keTilTa RmrTisaTa gan-srulebasa Cem zeda da vityode, viTarmed: Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa Cemsa wmidasa ninos. xolo wmidaman Sehvedra suli TÂsi ubiwoÁ ÃelTa dambadebelisa TÂsisaTa, rameTu aRasrula yovelive mcnebaÁ RmrTisaÁ da swavlaÁ wmidisa mis dedis Zmisa misisa, mamisa Cuenisa patriarqisaÁ da da-guaoblna Cuen axlad Sobilni CCÂlni umecarni da friad SevZrwundi suliTa CemiTa da yoveli naTesavi CrdiloisaÁ aRivso mwuxarebiTa, rameTu aRmo-oden _ srul iyo mzÀ simarTlisaÁ da mo-oden-fenil iyo WeSmariti da dafara Rrubelman wmidaÁ nino, xolo wmidaÁ igi yoladve naTelsa Sina ars da yovelTa ganguanaTlebs~ (S. 160-161).

am epizodSi, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebas iqcevs mirianis molodini `keTilTa RmrTisaTa gansrulebisa~. es fraza, Cveni azriT, ufro gamarTulia `moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁs~ sinur redaqciaSi _ `da viTarca movelode gans-rulebasa keTilTa RmrTisaTa Cemda momarT~ _ (s. 55-56)

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da yvelaze adekvaturad asaxavs saTqmels. vfiqrobT, aq saubaria ara ukve `gansrulebul sikeTeze~, rogorc Weli-Sur redaqciaSi ikiTxeba, aramed sikeTis gamarjvebis, axali qveynis moqalaqeobis esqatologiur molodinze. miT ume-tes, rom am winadadebas uSualod uswrebs win imedi RvTis wyalobisa aRdgomas, xolo WeliSuri teqstiT _ àRdgo-masa mas yovelTasa~ (W. 160). wuTisofelSi adamiani mudmi-vad dgas borotis pirispir, romelic sabolood daiZleva mxolod zeciuri ierusalimis zRurblTan. magram aqamdec morwmunis, `zecisasa mzraxvelis~, cxovreba `dafarul ars qristeTurT RmrTisa Tana~ (kol. 3,2-3), xolo `raJams qriste gamocxadnes cxorebaÁ igi Cueni, maSin Tquenca mis Tana gamoscxadneT didebiT~ (kol. 3,4). swored am gamocxa-debisTvis emzadeboda, rogorc Cans, mirian mefe xorcieli sikvdilis Semdeg, manamde ki fiqrobda, suls `dedas~ _ wm. ninos Seavedrebda, Tumca, es SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, rad-gan mirianis gardacvalebamde TviT ninom `Sehvedra suli TÂsi ubiwoÁ ÃelTa dambadebelisa TÂsisaTa~ (S. 160).

ratom SeiZleba iyos qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli ̀ deda~, amis Sesaxeb zemoT ukve visaubreT, aRniSnul konteqstSi ki ninos `dedobis~ kvalobaze Cndeba axali mxatvruli saxe òblisa~, romelic, erTi mxriv, gamarTlebulia cxovre-biseuli logikiT (dedis damkargavi oboli xdeba), xolo meore mxriv, nasazrdoebia bibliuri saxismetyvelebiT. saidumlo serobis Jams ieso eubneba mowafeebs: àra dagi-tevne Tquen oblad, movide Tqvenda~ (ioan. 14,18).

oblobis gancda mirianis `wignis~ zemoT damowmebul konteqstSi gamZafrebulia axalSobil CvilTa mxatvruli saxis moxmobiT, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve bibliuri war-momavlobisaa. es saxe-simbolo ̀ wminda werilSi~ ZiriTadad Tavs iCens mociqulTa swavlebebSi, sadac is metaforulad sulieri umwifrobis mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. pavle mo-ciquli swers efeselebs: `da man moscna, romelnime moci-qulni, romelnime winaÁswarmetyuelni, romelnime maxare-belni, romelnime mwyemsni da moZRuarni. dasamtkicebelad wmidaTa, saqmed msaxurebisa, aRsaSenebelad guamisa qris-tesisa, vidremde miviwineT yovelni erTobasa sarwmunoeb-isasa da mecnierebasa Zisa RmrTisasa mamakacad srulad, sa-

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zomad hasakisa savsebisa mis qristesisa, raÁTa arRara viyv-neT yrma CCÂl, Relva-atexil da mimotacebul yovelsa mas qarsa moZRurebisasa siveragiTa kacTaÁTa da zakulebiTa manqanebisa mis mimarT sacTurebisa~ (efes. 4,11-14). axlad-naTelRebulebs yrmebs uwodebs petre mociqulic, romel-sac maTi ganmtkiceba da aRorZineba mxolod `sityÂerisa mis uzakuvelisa sZisa~ miRebiT miaCnia SesaZleblad (I pet. 2,2); Tumca, TavisTavad, rZis mimRebeli jer kidev Cvilia, umecari WeSmaritebisa da Sors myofi sisrulisagan. ̀ rame-Tu yoveli, romeli miiRebn sZesa, umecar ars sityuasa mas simarTlisasa, rameTu CCÂl ars. xolo srulTaÁ ars mtkice igi sazrdeli, romelTa wesiTa mis sacnobelni da gonebani wurTilni hqoned ganrCevad keTilisa da borotisa~ (ebr. 5,13-14). bibliur wyaroTa kvalobaze qarTveli eric ni-nos gardacvalebis droisTvis mefe mirians warmodgenili hyavs, rogorc umecari, axalSobili Cvili, vinaidan is-is iyo `CrdiloÁs qveyanaSi~ amosuliyo mze da mofeniliyo naTeli. amitom mefis Rrma sulieri gancdac da `CdiloÁs~ mkvidrTa mwuxarebac ori mizeziT aris Sepirobebuli: er-Tia `deda-ninos~ gardacvaleba, xolo meore – safrTxe `Cvilobis~ gamo. arada, es safrTxe rom didia, Zisadmi mi-rianis anderZSic dasturdeba.

qarTlis cxovrebisaTvis am mniSvnelovan Jams, mirianis wignis mixedviT, `dafara Rrubelman wmidaÁ nino~ (S. 161). es SesaniSnavi mxatvrul-esTetikuri saxe, gamomxatveli ninos miwieri cxovrebis dasasrulisa, erTi mxriv, gvaxse-nebs ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ sxva epizods, kerZod, wm. ninos monaTxrobs rifsimesa da gaianes gardacvalebis Sesaxeb (S. 115). Tumca, meore mxriv, bibliuri saxismetyvelebis kvalobaze warmoaCens avtoriseul saTqmels.

Rrubels bibliaSi simboluri datvirTva aqvs. is, rogorc RvTis Tanadaswrebis da, amave dros, misi gareg-nuli saburvelis niSani jer kidev gamosvlaTa wignSi Cnde-ba. egviptidan ltolvil ebraelebs `RmerTi uZRoda... dRisi ukue suetiTa RrublisaÁTa~ (gam. 13,21). ufali eub-neba moses: àha, me moval Senda suetiTa RrublisaTa, raTa esmas ersa~ (gam. 19,9) da Semdgom swored Rrublidan ela-parakeba mas (gam. 24,15-16). Rrubeli, rogorc RvTisCenis

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niSani, amave dros, uflis didebis maniSnebelicaa: ̀ dafara Rrubelman karavi igi sawamebelisa da aRavso didebiTa uflisaÁTa karavi igi~ (gam. 40,31), magram vinaidan veravis ZaluZs uflis pirispir dgoma, verc mosem SeZlo karavSi Sesvla (gam. 40,32). analogiuri suraTi meordeba solomo-nis taZris satfurebisasac (III mef. 8,10-11).

Rrubeli Tavis simbolur Sinaarss inarCunebs axal aRTqmaSic. iesos feriscvalebisas iq myof mowafeebs `Rrubeli agrilobda... da SeeSina maT Seslvad Rrubel-sa mas. da ÃmaÁ iyo RrubliT gamo: ese ars Ze Cemi sayu-areli, amisi ismineT~ (luka 9,34-35). amasTanave, axali aRTqmis mixedviT, aRdgomidan me-40 dRes mowafeebTan saubris Semdeg ieso qriste àmaRlda, xedvides raÁ igini da Rrubelman Seiwynara igi TualTagan maTTa~ (saqme 1,9). es saxe iqca morwmuneTa esqatologiuri molodinis ar-qetipad. pavle mociquli swers Tesalonikelebs: `da maS-inRa Cuen, cxovelni ese, romelni daSTomil viyvneT, maT Tanave aRvitacneT RrubliTa SemTxuevad uflisa haerTa zeda da esreT maradis uflisa Tana viyofvodeT~ (I Tes. 4,17). vfiqrobT, mirianis `wignis~ `dafara Rrubelman wmi-daÁ nino~ bibliur wyaroTa simbolikis kvalobaze unda gaSinaarsdes. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas iqcevs WeliSuri da sinuri redaqciebis damatebiTi miniSneba _ `Rrubelman zamTrisaman~. Cveni azriT, es damateba arR-vevs ninos amaRlebis simboluri suraTis qristologiur logikas da, rogorc Cans, Semdgomi xanis redaqtor-gada-mwerebs unda CaerToT teqstSi. magram, sainteresoa, ra mizans unda emsaxurebodes amgvari damateba? SesaZloa, is mxolod wminda mxatvruli funqciiT iyos moxmobili, an iqneb mianiSnebs wm. ninos aRsasrulis sezonur periods (rogorc miniSnebulia weliwadis dro rifsimesa da gaia-nes gardacvalebisas _ `vardi da nuSi yuavoda mas Jamsa~ _ S. 115). Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi fermk-rTaldeba simboluri mniSvneloba `RrubliT dafarvis~ mxatvrul-esTetikuri saxisa, romelsac mosdevs swored am saxis Sesatyvisi Sinaarsis Semcveli fraza: ̀ xolo wmidaÁ igi yoladve naTelsa Sina ars da yovelTa ganguanaTlebs~ (S. 161). erTi mxriv, obieqturi sinamdvilis doneze, naTeli

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antinomiaa Rrublisa, rogorc gaumWvirvale da, Sesabam-isad, bneli raobisa, magram bibliuri saxismetyvelebiT xom Rrubeli erTgvari safarvelia, romlis miRmac mokv-davTaTvis ganucdeli RvTiuri naTeli sufevs. swored am naTelSi yofnis pativi aqvs ninos, rogorc wmindans da misi madli gananaTlebs yovelTa qarTlis mkvidrTa. amitomac wers wm. ninos saflavze eklesiis amgebi mefe miriani: `misiTa meoxebiTa maqus sasoebaÁ Zisa RmrTisagan da sarw-munovebasa zeda dausabamoÁsa RmrTisa mamisasa da yolad Zlierisa Zisasa da cxovelismyofelisa sulisa wmidisa ukudavisasa. da veZieb da moveli aRdgomasa mkudreTiT da Sevhvedreb sulsa Cemsa qristes meufisaTa, romlisaÁ ars didebaÁ, simtkice da ZlierebaÁ aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amen~ (S. 162). mirianis ̀ wignis~ am epizodis Sesa-xeb r. siraZe wers: ̀ sul bolos... mrwamsis magvari locviTi sityvebia~ (siraZe 1997: 206). marTlac `wignis~ es nawili mrwamss mogvagonebs, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom WeliSursa da sinur xelnawerebSi aRniSnuli epizodi gansxvavebu-lad warmogvidgeba: `misiTa oxiTa maqus sasoebaÁ qristes Zisa RmrTisagan da sarwmunoebasa zeda Zliersa mamisa da Zisa da cxovelismyofelisa sulisasa daviZineb da moveli aRdgomasa ukunaÁsknel da Segvedreb sulsa Cemsa yovel-Ta mgalobelTa uflisa mier, amin~ (W. 162). ZiriTadad amg-varad ikiTxeba Sesabamisi teqsti sinur redaqciebSic. vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi swored WeliSuri da sinuri nusxebis ikiTxvisia teqstisaTvis ufro bunebrivi da or-ganuli. rogorc damaSvrali adamiani Semdegi da ukeTesi dRis molodiniT iZinebs RamiT, raTa kvlav aRdges meore dilas, marTlmorwmune qristianisTvisac sikvdili droe-biTi Zilia, uflis dRes aRdgomis sasoebiT. am imediT Seisuenebs anu `daiZinebs~ qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefec.

aRniSnul epizods `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Cvenamde moR-weul teqstebSi uSualod mosdevs da Txrobis stiliTa Tu Sinaarsobrivi logikiT bunebrivad erwymis mirian me-fis ànderZi~, romelic iwyeba meuRlisadmi mirianis mi-marTviT, Tumca aqamde aris erTi Zalian saintereso da mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT uaRresad STambeWdavi fraza:

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àha esera me warval, vinaÁca moved~ (S. 162). vfiqrobT, cxadia, rom aRniSnul frazaSi ikiTxeba miwisgan Seqm-nili adamianis isev miwad miqcevis bibliuri konteqsti, esoden maRalesTetikurad gamoxatuli qarTlis mefis mier. miwad miqcevis win miriani nana dedofalsa da mTava-repiskoposs ubarebs, izrunon wm. ninos samarxi adgilis ùkunisamde Seuryevlobasa~ da misTvis jerovani pativis migebaze, xolo sakuTar Zes swavlis: àha esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naTlad da sikudili Cueni cxorebad. aw sada-ca hpove que-yanasa Sina Sensa vnebasa igi qarTlisani mac-Turni kerpni, cecxliTa dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vinc maT eglovdis, da ese amcen SvilTa SenTa, rameTu me vici igi, msrwafl kavkasiaTa Sina ver dailevian. xolo Sen esre hyofd: Tavi Seni Sehvedre suetsa mas zegardamodide-bulsa da patiosansa juarsa, caTa Sina Cinebulsa da iyavn Seni mislvaÁ miwad Zilad saukunod sarwmunovebasa zeda wmidisa samebisasa. amen~ (S. 162-163). am swavla-darigebaSi, iseve rogorc saerTod mirianis `wign-anderZSi~, avto-riseuli saTqmeli bibliuri saxismetyvelebis saSualebiT sacnaurdeba. upirveles yovlisa, mefe cxadad warmouCens ufliswuls warsulis daZlevis gziT mopovebuli awmyos sikeTes da momavalSi am sikeTis SenarCunebisaTvis sulieri mRviZarebisaken mouwodebs.

`bneli da naTeli~, raze saubriTac iwyebs miriani memk-vidris darigebas, is umTavresi msoflmxedvelobrivi an-tinomiaa, romelic dasabamidan dasasrulamde gasdevs mTel bibliur istorias. RvTaebrivi Semoqmedebis pirveli etapi swored bnelisgan naTlis gamoyofa iyo (dab. 1,2-4). gamoxsnis sakraluri istoriis dasasruls TviT ufali Cndeba, rogorc erTaderTi naTeli axali Semoqmedebisa – axali qveynisa, sadac ukve aRar aris bneli (gamocx. 21,23). am pirvel da ukanasknel `casa da queyanas~ Soris istoria ki bnelisa da naTlis mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe- da naTlis mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe-da naTlis mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe- naTlis mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe-naTlis mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe- mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe-mudmivi konfliqtis fonze warimarTe- konfliqtis fonze warimarTe-konfliqtis fonze warimarTe- fonze warimarTe-fonze warimarTe- warimarTe-warimarTe-ba. adamianis bedsac bnelsa da naTels Soris gakeTebuli arCevani ganapirobebs. qristes, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su- ganapirobebs. qristes, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su-ganapirobebs. qristes, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su-. qristes, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su-qristes, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su-, RvTis sityvis, rwmena su-RvTis sityvis, rwmena su- sityvis, rwmena su-sityvis, rwmena su-, rwmena su-rwmena su- su-su-lieri xidia, sibnelidan maradiul naTelTan mimyvanebeli. swored qristes rwmenam da naTelTan ziarebam Seucvala qarTlis mosaxleobasac bneli naTlad. amitomac eubneba

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miriani Tavis Zes: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT- Tavis Zes: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-Tavis Zes: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT- Zes: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-Zes: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-: àha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-aha, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-, esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-esera Seicvala bneli Cueni naT- Seicvala bneli Cueni naT-Seicvala bneli Cueni naT- bneli Cueni naT-bneli Cueni naT- Cueni naT-Cueni naT- naT-naT-lad da sikudili Cueni cxovrebad~ (S. 162). am konteqstSi `bneli da naTeli~ da `sikvdili da cxovreba~ sinonimuri mniSvnelobis antinomiuri wyvilebia. dapirispireba sim- antinomiuri wyvilebia. dapirispireba sim-antinomiuri wyvilebia. dapirispireba sim- wyvilebia. dapirispireba sim-wyvilebia. dapirispireba sim-. dapirispireba sim-dapirispireba sim- sim-sim-bolur bnelsa da naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim- bnelsa da naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-bnelsa da naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim- da naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-da naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim- naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-naTels Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim- Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-Soris, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-, faqtobrivad, aseve sim-faqtobrivad, aseve sim-, aseve sim-aseve sim- sim-sim-boluri sikvdilisa da sicocxlis dapirispirebaa. isini, romelTac swamT, `sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunve- swamT, `sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunve-swamT, `sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunve-, `sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunve-sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunve- sikvdilisa damTrgunve-sikvdilisa damTrgunve- damTrgunve-damTrgunve-lis~ wyalobiT, fiziologiuri sikvdilis gavliT, mara-~ wyalobiT, fiziologiuri sikvdilis gavliT, mara-wyalobiT, fiziologiuri sikvdilis gavliT, mara- fiziologiuri sikvdilis gavliT, mara-fiziologiuri sikvdilis gavliT, mara- sikvdilis gavliT, mara-sikvdilis gavliT, mara- gavliT, mara-gavliT, mara- mara-mara-diul sicocxles moipoveben. lazares mkvdreTiT aRdgena aris simboluri niSani imisa, rom ieso mbrZaneblobs TviT sikvdilzec ki da xelewifeba cxovrebis moniWeba. amgvari bibliur-saxeobrivi gaazrebiT icvleba mirianis Zisadmi mimarTvaSic qarTveli eris sikvdili cxovrebad. magram qristes gza _ gza maradiuli cxovrebisaken – rTulia da viwro _ `viTar igi iwro ars bWe da saWirvel gzaÁ, romeli miiyvanebs cxovrebasa~ (maT. 7,14). am gzaze didi sifrTxile da Zalisxmeva marTebs axladmoqceuli eris xelisufals sakuTari da Tavisi xalxis rwmenis Seuryevelobis mizniT. amitomac afrTxilebs miriani Zes: àw sadaca hpovne que-yanasa Sina Sensa vnebasa igi qarTlisani macTurni kerp-ni, cecxliTa dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-, cecxliTa dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-cecxliTa dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg- dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-dawuen da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg- da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-da nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg- nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-nacari maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg- maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg-maTi Seasu maT, vin maT eg- Seasu maT, vin maT eg-Seasu maT, vin maT eg- maT, vin maT eg-maT, vin maT eg-, vin maT eg-vin maT eg- maT eg-maT eg- eg-eg-lovdis~ (S. 162).

kerpTa daqucmacebisa Tu dawvisken mowodeba araerT-xel gvxvdeba bibliaSi. (mag. es. 30,22; II sj. 7,25). magram met siaxloves amJRavnebs mirianis ànderZis~ aRniSnuli pasaJi gamosvlaTa wignis im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi- gamosvlaTa wignis im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi-gamosvlaTa wignis im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi- wignis im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi-wignis im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi- im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi-im epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi- epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi-epizodTan, sadac sinis mTi-, sadac sinis mTi-sinis mTi- mTi-mTi-dan dabrunebuli, sjulis ficrebiT xeldamSvenebuli mose ebraelTa mier gamodnobil kerps – xbos – ixilavs. mose aRSfoTda rwmenamoklebuli, WeSmariti RvTis dam- aRSfoTda rwmenamoklebuli, WeSmariti RvTis dam-aRSfoTda rwmenamoklebuli, WeSmariti RvTis dam- rwmenamoklebuli, WeSmariti RvTis dam-rwmenamoklebuli, WeSmariti RvTis dam-, WeSmariti RvTis dam-WeSmariti RvTis dam- RvTis dam-RvTis dam- dam-dam-viwyebeli xalxis saqcieliT, rjulis ficrebic gauvarda xelidan `da ÃboÁ igi, romel qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-igi, romel qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-, romel qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-romel qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da- qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-qmnes, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-, dawva igi cecxliTa, da-dawva igi cecxliTa, da- igi cecxliTa, da-igi cecxliTa, da- cecxliTa, da-cecxliTa, da-, da-da-musrna wvlilad da STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- wvlilad da STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is-wvlilad da STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- da STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is-da STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is-STaabnia igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is-igi wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is-wyalsa da asva igi ZeTa is- da asva igi ZeTa is-da asva igi ZeTa is- asva igi ZeTa is-asva igi ZeTa is- igi ZeTa is-igi ZeTa is- ZeTa is-ZeTa is- is-is-raÀlisaTa~ (gam. 32,20). vfiqrobT, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ zemoaRniSnuli epizodis uSualo pirvelwyaro swored es bibliuri pasaJi unda iyos. sainteresoa, rom mirianis ànderZis~ es, Cveni azriT, uZvelesi plasti arc WeliSur da arc sinur redaqciebs ar SemounaxavT. sinurSi teqstis bolo nawili sakmaod gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da- nawili sakmaod gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da-nawili sakmaod gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da- sakmaod gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da-sakmaod gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da- gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da-gaumarTavia, rac, rogorc Cans, da-, rac, rogorc Cans, da-rac, rogorc Cans, da-, rogorc Cans, da-rogorc Cans, da- Cans, da-Cans, da- da-da-

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zianebuli dedniT sargeblobis Sedegia. WeliSuri ki am nawilSi aseve dazianebuli dednidan unda momdinareob- aseve dazianebuli dednidan unda momdinareob-aseve dazianebuli dednidan unda momdinareob- dazianebuli dednidan unda momdinareob-dazianebuli dednidan unda momdinareob- dednidan unda momdinareob-dednidan unda momdinareob- unda momdinareob-unda momdinareob- momdinareob-momdinareob-des, vinaidan mirianis mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi-, vinaidan mirianis mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi-vinaidan mirianis mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi- mirianis mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi-mirianis mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi- mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi-mier kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi- kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi-kerpTa dawvis moTxovnis epi- dawvis moTxovnis epi-dawvis moTxovnis epi- moTxovnis epi-moTxovnis epi- epi-epi-zodi aq Secvlilia ufro vrceli, savaraudod, SedarebiT gviandeli CanarTiT, Tumca es CanarTic, mirianis `wign-anderZis~ saerTo mxatvrul-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune-~ saerTo mxatvrul-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune-saerTo mxatvrul-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune- mxatvrul-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune-mxatvrul-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune--msoflmxedvelobrivi bune-msoflmxedvelobrivi bune- bune-bune-bis Sesabamisad, bibliuri saxismetyvelebiT Sinaarsdeba, magram amjerad masze aRar SevCerdebiT.

ànderZis~ dasasruls miriani ase mimarTavs Tavis Zes: `xolo Sen frTxil iyav, Svilo sayuarelo, rev, viTarca uwyuebul varT wmidisa da netarisa dedisa Cuenisa ninoÁs-gan, mcnebani misni daimarxen da Tavi Seni Sehvedre suetsa mas zegardamodidebulsa da juarsa patiosansa da iyavn gansvlaÁ Seni amier sofliT sarwmunoebasa zeda wmidisa samebisasa, mSÂdobaÁ Senda!~ (W. 163).

Tavisi formiTac da SinaarsiTac es mimarTva mogvago-nebs pavle mociqulis timoTes mimarT II epistoles frazas: `xolo Sen frTxilad iyav yovelsa Sina, ZÂrsa ixilevd, saqme qmen maxareblisaÁ, msaxurebaÁ Seni keTilad aRasrule~ (II tim. 4,5). oRondac mirianis ànderZSi~ qristianobis sa-kuTriv qarTul realiebzea gamaxvilebuli yuradReba – netari deda-ninos qadagebebze, `zegardamodidebul~ svetsa da `caTa Sina Cinebul~ patiosan jvarze, romelic iqca saxed qarTlis mTebze aRmarTuli jvrebisa. aRsaniS-navia, agreTve, rom miriani `miwad miqcevis~ win arigebs ase Tavis vaJs. miwieri cxovrebis aRsasrulisa da `miqcevis~ momlodinea pavle mociqulic timoTes mimarT epistoles dawerisas. `rameTu me aw esera Seviwirvi, da Jami igi miqce-visa CemisaÁ moiwia~ (II tim. 4,6). amave epistoleSi pavle mociquli wers: `Ruawli keTili momiRvawebies, srbaÁ aR-misrulebies, sarwmunoebaÁ damimarxavs. amieriTgan mime-lis me simarTlisa igi gÂrgÂni, romeli momces me ufalman mas dResa Sina, marTalman man msajulman, ara xolo Tu me, aramed yovelTa, romelTa Seiyuares gamoCinebaÁ misi~ (II tim. 4,7-8). marTalia, amaze Tavis `wign-anderZSi~ ase dabe-jiTebiT ar saubrobs miriani, magram is, rasac igi esoden Tavmdablad gviambobs, swored `keTili Rvawlis moRvawe-baa~, `srbis aRsrulebaa~, WeSmariti sarwmunoebis ̀ damarx-

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vis~ cxadyofaa. yovelive amis Sedegad, pavle mociquli-viT, qarTlis pirveli qristiani mefec ukanasknel dRes uflisgan marTalTa Tana Seracxvas elis.

ase sruldeba mirian mefis ̀ anderZi~, romelic mis ̀ wign-Tan~ erTad `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Sinaarsobrivad Tu mxatvrulad erT-erT saintereso da sayuradRebo nawils warmoadgens.

winamdebare naSromSi Cven SevecadeT, arsebul gamokv-levaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, gagveazrebina mirianis `wign-anderZis~ adgili da funqcia `ninos cxovrebis~ uZveles redaqciaTa SemadgenlobaSi, gamogveTqva Cveni Tvalsaz-risi am teqstis daTariRebis, avtorobis da Sinaarsobriv-kompoziciuri mTlianobis Sesaxeb; magram umTavres miz-nad davisaxeT met-naklebad CavwvdomodiT mis mxatvrul-esTetikur bunebas.

rogorc qristianuli mwerlobis Zegli, mirianis `wig-ni-anderZi~ pirvelive frazidan dasasrulamde bibliur-qristologiur saxismetyvelebas efuZneba. miuxedavad Tavisi mcire moculobisa, is damoukidebeli, TviTmyo-fadi teqstia, literaturuli faqtia, romelic Tavisi maRalmxatvruli doniT winareqristianul samwerlo-bo tradiciebze mianiSnebs. amasTanave, cxadyofs, rom naTlisRebidan ori-sami aTeuli wlis manZilze qarTvelo-bam ara Tu Targmna bibliuri wignebi, aramed inteleqtua-lurad aiTvisa qristianuli sibrZne da rwmeniT gaiTavisa. SesaZloa gamoricxuli arc iyos, rom interesi bibliuri da, gansakuTrebiT, axali aRTqmis wignebis mimarT jer kidev warmarTobis epoqis qarTlSi gaCeniliyo. Tu gaviT-valiswinebT im faqts, rom ax. w-iT pirvel saukuneSi CvenSi andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga qristianoba, amasTan erTad, saeWvod ar miviCnevT ioane sabanisZis mier mowode-bul cnobas, rom qarTvelebi VIII s-is 80-iani wlebisaTvis `xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinarÀs-Ra Sjuldebul yofil arian wmidiTa madliTa naTlisRebisaÁTa~, arc Tu usafuZ-vlo iqneba varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom oficialur religiad gamocxadebamdec qristianuli moZRvreba da ideologia TandaTanobiT ikidebda fexs qarTlSi, albaT, ara mxolod zepiri, aramed mwignobruli gziTac.

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yovelive zemoTqmulis kvalobaze, ucnaurad da mou-lodnelad ar gveCveneba IV saukunis 50-iani wlebisTvis iseTi daxvewili, Sinaarsobrivad Camoyalibebuli, sti-lurad gamarTuli teqstis Seqmna, rogoric mirian mefis `wigni-anderZia~. Cveni azriT, amas xels ar uSlis is, rom jerjerobiT ar mogvepoveba V saukunis uwinaresi werilo-biTi Zeglebi qarTul enaze (Cveni erovnuli damwerlobis warmoSobis sakiTxi xom, miuxedavad xangrZlivi kvleva-Ziebisa, dRemde sabolood garkveuli ar aris).

`wm.ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi redaqciebis Semadgen-lobaSi qarTlis pirveli naTelRebuli mefis saxeliT moRweuli upretenzio, qristianuli TavmdablobiT aRbeW-dili, magram udavod maRalmxatvruli teqsti bibliuri msoflmxedvelobis rwmeniT gaTavisebis da, amave dros, saxeobrivad da SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebis brwyinvale ni-muSia. is TiTqos mirian mefis sulis mTeli istoriaa, lako-niur formaSi moqceuli da bibliur-qristianuli saxeebiT ametyvelebuli. mirianis `wign-anderZis~ am TvalsazrisiT Seswavla ara mxolod literaturul-kulturologiuri rigis amocanaa, aramed, vfiqrobT, didad waadgeba teqstis met-naklebad pirvandeli saxis aRdgenasac.

damowmebani:

aleqsiZe 2007: `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~-s axladaRmoCenili sinuri redaqciebi. gamosca da winasityvaoba daurTo zaza aleqsiZem. Tb.: saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, 2007.

axali aRTqumaÁ 1963: axali aRTqumaÁ uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi. Tb.L sakaTalikoso sabWos gamocema, 1963.

daviTni 1881: daviTni. tf.: 1881.kekeliZe 1957: kekeliZe k. qarTvelTa moqcevis mTavari istoriul-

qronologiuri sakiTxebi. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-toriidan. IV, Tb.: 1957.

kiknaZe 1982: kiknaZe z. qarTlis moqcevis folkloruli variantebi. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis macne, enisa da literaturis se-ria, #№ 1, Tb.: 1982.

kiknaZe 1985a: kiknaZe z., mirzaSvili T. ras mogviTxrobs mirianis `wigni~. kritika, #№ 6, Tb.: 1985.

kiknaZe 1985b: kiknaZe z. qarTul miTologiur gadmocemaTa sistema. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1985.

leqsikoni 1998: Словарь Библейского Богословия. под редакцией Кеавье Леон-Дюфура... Киев-Москва: «Кайрос», 1998.

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mgalobliSvili 1991: klarjuli mravalTavi. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo Tamila mgalobliSvilma. Tb.: 1991.

metreveli 1976: metreveli e. axali naSromi qarTuli `mravalTavis~ Sesaxeb. `macne~ (els), # 4, 1976.

moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ 1964: moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. dasabeWdad moamzades il. abulaZem, e. gabiZaSvilma, n. goguaZem, m. dolaqiZem, g. kiknaZem da c. qurcikiZem ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. I, Tb.: 1964.

mcxeTuri xelnaweri 1981...: mcxeTuri xelnaweri. teqsti gamosa-ce-mad moamzada da gamokvleva daurTo el. doCanaSvilma. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1981, 1984, 1985.

narsiZe 1985: narsiZe g. uZvelesi qarTuli Txzuleba. mnaTobi, № # 9, Tb.: 1985.

orbeliani 1991: orbeliani s.-s. leqsikoni qarTuli. I. avtobiog-rafiuli nusxebis mixedviT moamzada, gamokvleva da ganmartebaTa leqsikis saZiebeli daurTo ilia abulaZem. Tb.: `merani~, 1991.

orbeliani 1993: orbeliani s.-s. leqsikoni qarTuli. II. avtobiografi-uli nusxebis mixedviT moamzada, gamokvleva da ganmartebaTa leqsikis saZiebeli daurTo ilia abulaZem. Tb.: `merani~, 1993.

patariZe 1989: patariZe l. wigni mirianisa (ideur-mxatvruli ana-lizi). mnaTobi, #№ 4, Tb.: 1989.

patariZe 1993: patariZe l. tyve qali nino. religia, # 11, Tb.: 1993.siraZe 1997: siraZe r. `wmida ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli

agiografiisa. Tb.: 1997.qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela

ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. I, YTb.: saxelgami, 1955.

CxartiSvili 1987: CxartiSvili m. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT- m. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT-m. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT-. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT-qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroT- hagiografiis wyaroT-hagiografiis wyaroT- wyaroT-wyaroT-mcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi. `cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1987.

WeliZe 1985: WeliZe e. ùCinoÁ da cxadi~. kritika, № # 6, Tb.: 1985.javaxiSvili 1977: javaxiSvili i. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. VIII, Tb.:

Tsu gamomcemloba, 1977.

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Irina Natsvlishvili

King Mirian’s Letter-Testament

Summary

King Mirian’s Letter-Testament is the final section of The Life of Saint Nino from Moktsevai Kartlisai, which unites compositionally this hagio-graphic text of the cyclic structure, also being extremely impressive from the artistic viewpoint.

In fact, Mirian’s Letter-Testament contains only several additional re-ports or nuances, and is mostly certain laconic narration of the significant events related in the work earlier; by its spiritual contents it is the bap-tized king’s confession, the hopeful feeling of eschatological expectation of a man, by inner experience and personal change partaking of “a new life”, his spiritual work, lit up by the hope of seeing the uncreated light. �especti�ely, with its artistic-aesthetic character Mirian’s Letter-Testa-ment is based on Biblical-Christological ideas and image system.

Notwithstanding the small size, Mirian’s Letter-Testament is an inde-pendent, original text, a literary fact pointing by its high artistic level to pre-Christian traditions.

In my view, the study of King Mirian’s Letter-Testament from the artistic-metaphorical �iewpoint is not only a literary-culturological task, but will be useful for reconstruction of the more or less initial version of the text as well.

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idea da rwmena

soso maxaraSvili

wm. nino, jvari vazisa da saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis

sakiTxisaTvis

saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis idea qarTuli mesianizmis erT-erTi ucilobeli komponen-tia. Sesabamisad, es idea Cndeba maSin, rodesac yalibdeba qarTuli mesianisturi msoflmxedveloba. qarTuli me-sianizmi ki sazRvargareTis qarTul samonastro centreb-Si, IX saukunis II naxevarSi aRmocenda.

miuxedavad imisa, rom VIII-X saukunis qarTuli origi-naluri hagiografiis nimuSebi _ `habo Tbilelis martvi-loba~, `wm. ninos cxovreba~, `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ da sxvebi mZlavri erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi suliskveTe-biTaa gaJRenTili, miuxedavad imisa, rom es Zeglebi Cveni erisa da qveynis RirsebaTa warmomaCinebel araerT faqtsa Tu detalze miuTiTeben da saboloo jamSi mesianizmis TiTqmis yvela ZiriTad niSans aerTianeben, arc erTi maT-gani ar aris mesianisturi xasiaTis nawarmoebi. rogorc Cans, aseTi ideis sabolood CamoyalibebisaTvis garkveu-li garemoa saWiro. amitom ucnauri araferia imaSi, rom qarTuli mesianisturi msoflmxedveloba pirvelad sazR-vargareT, bizantiaSi, Seqmnil originalur TxzulebebSi gacxadda. esenia: ̀ wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba~ da `qe-baÁ da didebaÁ qarTulisa enisaÁ~.

iq, bizantiaSi, ufro TvalSisacemi iyo berZnebis qed-maRloba da agdebuli damokidebuleba `barbarosebisad-mi~; iq ufro xelSesaxebi iyo maTi Seuwynarebloba erT-morwmune erebTan damokidebulebaSi, miswrafeba _ Seeviw-roebinaT qarTvelebi iqaur monastrebSi, gamoecxadebi-naT isini mwvaleblebad, aekrZalaT maTTvis wirva-locva mSobliur enaze, saerTod ganedevnaT qarTuli savanee-

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bidan; iq saqarTvelos erovnuli interesebi _ qarTuli saxelmwifosa da eklesiis damoukideblobisa da TviTmyo-fadobisaTvis brZola, pirdapir ejaxeboda bizantiis im-periul da agresiul sarwmunoebriv politikas. dabolos, iqedan, ucxo qveynidan, cota sxvagvarad da sxva ferebSi moCanda Soreuli samSoblo.

erTi sityviT, mesianisturi idea qarTvelebSi Cndeba erTmorwmune erebTan (upirveles yovlisa, berZnebTan da garkveulwilad somxebTan) dapirispirebis procesSi. es idea eris meobis gamoxatvis, misi TviTrwmenis ganmtkiceb-is, sakuTari Rirsebis Segnebisa da TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis brZolis mZlavri ideologiuri iaraRia. igi upirispirde-ba yovelgvar uimedobas, sasowarkveTilebas, usasoobasa da erovnul nihilizms. samagierod, xels uwyobs eris erT mTel sxeulad SekavSirebas, nergavs optimizmsa da momav-lis rwmenas.

bizantielebi qristianul imperias RvTis sasufev-lis amqveyniur gansaxierebad aRiqvamdnen. isini Tavs iwonebdnen sakuTari wmindanebiT, qristianuli siwmind-eebiTa da relikviebiT. konstantinopolelTa gansa-kuTrebuli siamayis sagans warmoadgenda cxovelmyofeli `Zeli~, romelzedac qriste iqna jvarze gakruli, agreTve RvTismSoblis samoseli, romelic vlaqernis taZarSi iyo davanebuli.

konstantinopolis vlaqernis RvTismSoblis monasteri aaSenes 450-453 wlebSi imperator pulxeriosis dros. gad-mocemiT, leon pirvelis imperatorobis periodSi (457-474 w.w.) am monasterSi moaTavses RvTismSoblis samoseli, romelic palestinidan Camoitanes patriciebma _ galbam da kandidma. 626 wels didi gansacdelis winaSe aRmoCnda imperiis dedaqalaqi. mis xelSi Cagdebas erTdroulad la-mobdnen balkaneTis avarebi da sparselebi. 29 ivlisidan 8 agvistomde avarebi gars Semoadgnen konstantinopols. am drois ganmavlobaSi brZolaTa epicentrSi aRmoCnda vlaqerna. imperatorma konstantinem da patriarqma sergim daxmareba SesTxoves RvTismSobels da locva-vedrebiT Semouares qalaqis kedlebs. avarTa Sturmi mogeriebul iqna. konstantinopoli gadaurCa aoxrebas, rac berZnebma

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RvTismSoblis Semweobas miaweres. aman erTiorad gazarda vlaqernis monastrisa da masSi davanebuli RvTismSoblis samoslis mniSvneloba. aqedan moyolebuli RvTismSoblis kulti mtkiced ikidebs fexs konstantinopolSi. yovelT-vis, roca ki imperiis dedaqalaqs safrTxe daemuqreboda, bizantielebi umal vlaqernis RvTismSoblis monasters mimarTavdnen dasaxmareblad. magaliTad, 860 wels, rode-sac konstantinopols Tavs daesxa `rusTa~ (azotavridis tomi) floti, patriarqma fotim zRvaSi CauSva RvTism-Soblis samoseli, raTa exsna qalaqi aoxrebisagan. erTi sityviT, TandaTanobiT berZnebSi mtkiced gaidga fesvi rwmenam, rom maT dedaqalaqs da qveyanas yovladwminda mariamis kalTa aqvs gadafarebuli (popovi 2005: 124-126; Sdr.: kekeliZe 1957: 115-116).

xsenebuli viTarebis erTgvar gamoZaxilad gveCveneba konstantinopolSi moRvawe IX saukunis qarTveli mwerlis basili monazonis (protoasikritis) “wm. ilarion qarT-velis cxovrebaSi” gacxadebuli azri qarTlis RvTism-Soblisadmi wilxvdomilobis Sesaxeb. hagiografi farul polemikas awarmoebs bizantielebTan: rogor SeiZleba RvTismSobeli mfarveli iyos im qveynis, sadac ucxoTSeu-wynarebloba sufevs, sadac Soreuli qveynidan mosuli qarTveli berebis gaZevebas cdiloben (magaliTad, ulum-bos monastridan), maSin roca wminda da maradqalwuli mariami aris “SemwÀ da Ãelis-ampyrobeli yovelTa u c -x o q m n u l T a da saxelisaTÂs Zisa misisa daglaxake-bulTaÁ” (abulaZe 1967: 20). sazogadod ki, saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis idea basili monazo-nis mwyobri mesianisturi msoflmxedvelobis erT-erTi umTavresi argumentia (ufro dawvrilebiT ix.: maxaraSvi-li 2007: 373-381).

rogoria RvTismSoblis saxe `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ Cve-namde moRweul yvelaze adreul redaqciaSi? ra adgili ukavia mas wm. ninos samisionero moRvaweobaSi? es sakiTxi miT ufro sainteresoa, Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT, rom `moq-cevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” Satberdul-WeliSuri versia damuSave-bulia arauadres IX saukunisa, e. i. im periodSi, rodesac dawerilia `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba~.

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RvTismSoblisa da wm. ninos urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs pirvelad r. siraZe Seexo. misi azriT, `moqcevaÁs~ teqstSi RvTismSoblis saxe simbolurad aris gaazrebuli. mkvlev-ris ZiriTadi debulebebi ase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: 1. wm. nino iyo `deda~ qarTlis mkvidrTa, maTi sulieri deda, rac ZiriTadad RvTismSoblis analogiidan momdin-areobs. 2. `saxe _ nino mayvlis buCqSi _ migvaniSnebs, rom RvTismSobelia misi Semfarveli, misi sulieri sadguri~. 3. mayvlovans magiuri Zala aqvs, radgan swored aq idgmeba jvari nasxlevisa, magram es “nasxlevi” anu igive `morCi~ (Sto, ylorti) vazisaa (siraZe 1997: 106-110; 121-122). es mosazreba gaziarebul iqna qarTul mecnierebaSi (elaSvi-li 2000: 45-47; bezaraSvili, kuli 2000: 56-70; sulava 2002: 54). metic: q. bezaraSvilma saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisad-mi wilxvdomilobis ideis safuZvlebi swored “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” teqstSi, kerZod, mayvlovanis simbolur in-terpretaciaSi dainaxa (bezaraSvili 2002: 125-145).

raRa Tqma unda, wm. ninos mayvlovanis simbolika iZleva saSualebas, rom qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli RvTismSo-belTan davakavSiroT da masSi bibliuri mayvlis buCqis analogiiT maradqalwuli mariamis saxe SevicnoT, magram, vfiqrobT, am paradigmas gadaWarbebul mniSvnelobas mainc ver mivaniWebT; yovel SemTxvevaSi, is saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvedrilobis sakiTxis gasarkvevad namdvilad ar gamodgeba. saqme isaa, rom `wm. ninos cxovre-bis~ Satberdul-WeliSur redaqciaSi aSkarad gamoxatuli RvTismSoblis kulti ar Cans. es arc iyo mosalodneli, Tuki vTvliT, rom `moqcevaÁ~ IX saukuneSi SeTxzuli Zegli ki ar aris, aramed ZiriTadad Seicavs adreul teqstobriv plastebs _ IV-V saukunis sakiTxavebs wm. ninosa da qarT-lis gaqristianebis Sesaxeb.

marTlac, RvTismSobeli `moqcevaÁs~ teqstSi saxel-debiT damowmebulia orjer da isic mis pirvel nawil-Si: 1. ieso qriste `ÃorciTa iSva Teslisagan daviTisa da q a l w u l i s [ a ] g a n m a r i a m i s [ a ] , w m i d i s a d a u b i w o [ Á ] s a , romeli saTno eyo mas~ (abulaZe 1963 : 88 W). 2. wobenSi, mTielTa gaqris-tianebis win, wm. ninom dasaxmareblad RvTismSobels mimar-

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Ta: `maSin aRdga wmidaÁ da sanatreli da ganmanaTleb[e]li netari nino, dedaÁ Cueni, aRipyrna Ãelni RmrTisa mier da mouwoda Semwed w m i d a s a R m r T i s m S o b e l -s a ~ (abulaZe 1963: 88 W). sakuTriv `wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~ RvTismSobeli dedad ixsenieba: 1. sidonias monaTxrobis mixedviT, wm. nino eubneba mirians: “mefe, Sen ukunisamde cxovndi saxeliTa qriste-siTa da vedrebiTa w m i d i -s a d e d i s a m i s i s a Á T a da mis Tana yovelTa wmidaTaÁTa~ (abulaZe 1963: 132 S.). 2. sikvdilis win nino am-bobs: ̀ esera mosrula suli Cemi Ãorcad Cemda, dameZinebian ZiliTa miT dedisa Cemi-saÁTa saukunod~ (abulaZe 1963 : 105 S.). g. kuWuxiZis marTebuli dakvirvebiT, RvTismSoblis de-dad moxsenieba Zveli tradiciis gamoZaxilia da mianiSnebs, rom misi kulti jer kidev ar aris mtkiced fesvgadgmuli qristianul lite-raturaSi. wm. mariamis kulti mas Semdeg Zlierdeba, roca sabolood SeimuSaves `RvTismSoblobis~ dogma efesoSi gamarTul mesame msoflio saeklesio kre-baze. es kulti `wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~ ar aris gamokveTili, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom Zeglis uZvelesi plastebi 431 wlamdea Seqmnili (kuWuxiZe 1999 : 134-135). sagulisxmoa isic, rom wm. ninos pirvelsaxe, misi arqetipi, `moqcevaÁs~ mixedviT, aris ara RvTismSobeli, aramed mariam magda-lineli (ix.: metre-veli 2000 : 51-56).

yovelive zemoTqmuli niSnavs Tu ara, rom RvTismSob-lis kulti IX saukunemde, e. i `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis~ Seqmnamde ar arsebobda saqarTveloSi?

raRa Tqma unda, ara!xsenebuli kultis arsebobas mowmobs Tundac uZveles

qarTul mravalTavebSi daculi RvTismSoblis sakiTxa-vebi. TviT basili monazonis mier `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi~ gamoTqmuli saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis idea uTuod Zvel qarTul saeklesio gad-mocemebs emyareba, radgan hagiografi mogviTxrobs imas, rac misTvis utyuari da WeSmaritia. rac Seexeba `wm. ninos cxovrebas~, miuxedavad imisa, rom masSi qarTveli eris TviTmyofadobis warmomaCinebeli araerTi ideaa gacxa-debuli, RvTismSoblis saxe ramdenadme gafermkrTalebu-lia. es ki imaze mianiSnebs, rom wm. ninos Riad dakavSireba

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maradqalwul mariamTan SedarebiT gviandeli literatu-ruli tradiciaa (maxaraSvili 2005: 17-22).

RvTismSoblis kultma, wminda da maradqalwuli mari-amis mier qarTvelTa mfarvelobis Segnebam gansakuTrebiT Rrmad gaidga fesvi aTonel moRvaweTa Soris, rac maT SemoqmedebaSic aisaxa. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi gare-moeba: aTonis iverTa monastris damaarsebeli iovane Tavis Svil efTvimesTan erTad X saukunis 60-iani wlebis dasaw-yisSi moRvaweobda ulumboze, sadac saukuniT adre mTeli 5 weli gaatara wm. ilarionma Tavis mowafeebTan erTad. ulumboze yofnisas mama-Svili gaecnoboda ara marto wer-ilobiT wyaroebs wm. ilarionis cxovreba-moqalaqeobaze, aramed moismenda zepir gadmocemebsac am sakvirveli ka-cis saswaulmoqmedebaTa Sesaxeb. etyoba, wakiTxulma da gagonilma imdenad didi STabeWdileba moaxdina iovanesa da efTvimeze, rom ilarion qarTveli maT aRiares Tavi-anT uSualo winamorbedad, erTgvar gzamkvlevad da misa-baZ magaliTad sazRvargareT myofi yvela qarTveli beri-saTvis. es iqidanac Cans, rom iovanesa da efTvimes aTonze gadasvlis Semdeg wm. ilarionis kulti iqac mkvidrdeba. efTvime aTonelma sakuTari xeliT gadawera `wm. ilari-on qarTvelis cxovrebis~ mokle teqsti, SemdgomSi iqve gadainusxa misi vrceli basiliseuli redaqcia, daiwera agreTve metafrasuli `cxovreba~ da SeiTxza sagalobeli. safiqrebelia, rom saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilx-vdomilobis azri “wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis” meS-veobiT gavrcelda aTonel mamebSi; metic: aTonis RvTism-Soblisadmi wilxvedrilobac saqarTvelos analogiiT unda gaCeniliyo wminda mTaze.

RvTismSoblis kultis arsebobas aTonze erTmniS-vnelovnad adasturebs giorgi mTawmidlis ìoanesa da efTvimes cxovreba~. TxzulebaSi yuradRebas iqcevs ram-denime momenti:

yrma efTvime Zlier avad Seiqna. iovanes TqmiT, misi 1. gamojanmrTelebis imedi mas aRar hqonda. mamam RvTis-mSoblis taZars mimarTa, davarda wminda dedoflis xa-tis win da maradqalwul mariams Semweoba sTxova. roca iovane senakSi dabrunda, didad gaukvirda, radgan Svili,

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sruliad uvnebeli da gamojansaRebuli, sawolze wamomj-dari ixila. efTvimem mamas uambo Semdegi: gamomecxada vinme didebuli dedofali da mkiTxa qarTulad: ra gtkiva efTvime? me vuTxari: movkvdebi, dedofalo! rogorc ki es vTqvi, movida CemTan, Semexo xelze da miTxra: Sen cudad ar xar, adeqi, nu geSinia da qarTuladac Tavisuflad ilapar-ake. am dromdeo, _ gadmogvcems iovane, _ efTvimes uWir-da qarTulad laparaki da `friad mwuxare viyav amis piri-saTÂs, xolo mieriTgan dauyenebelad, viTarca wyaroÁ, aR-modin uwmindes yovelTa qarTvelTasa~. gaivlis sul cota dro da mamis STagonebiT efTvime daiwyebs mTargmnelo-biT saqmianobas: `dRe da Rame tkbilsa mas Taflsa wignTa saRmrToTasa Sureboda, romlisa mier daatkbo enaÁ Cueni da eklesiaÁ~ (abulaZe 1967 : 60-62). damowmebuli teqstidan ar Cans, sad moxda zemoxsenebuli faqti _ ulumboze Tu aTonze. amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba arca aqvs. mTavari isaa, rom aTonis saliteraturo skolis winamZRolis _ efT-vimes xelisampyrobeli da, aqedan gamomdinare, qarTuli enis, mwignobrobisa da sulierebis mfarveli am epizodis mixedviT aris deda RvTismSobeli.

giorgi mTawmideli saubrobs ra berZenTa mcde-2. lobaze, radac unda dajdomodaT xelSi CaegdoT aTonis iverTa monasteri, aRniSnavs: ̀ ara Tumca ufali Seweul iyo Cuenda da m e o x e b a Á w m i d i s a R m r T i s -m S o b e l i s a Á da maT wmidaTa mamaTa CuenTa madli da locvaÁ~, erTi qarTvelic ki aRar darCeboda am vrcelsa da didebul lavraSi, romelic didi xarjiTa da ofliT aages Cvenma wminda mamebma swored qarTvelebisTviso (abu-laZe 1967: 94).

sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom aTonis iverTa monas-3. tris mTavari taZari (`didi eklesiaÁ~) RvTismSoblis saxelze aages qarTvelebma. giorgi mTawmidlis TqmiT, ùaRres qebisa aRmatebul ars haerovnebaÁ da SuenierebaÁ misi, romel amas mTasa Sina, daRacaTu friad arian monas-terni, garna msgavsi misi ara ipoebis, da ara xolo mTasa, aramed sxuaTaca mravalTa adgilTa~. ai, am taZris mitace-bac scades berZnebma, magram, rogorc mwerali SeniSnavs: `w m i n d a m a n R m r T i s m S o b e l m a n Cuen

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glaxakTa gÂboZa didebuli igi didebisa TÂsisa taZari da y o v l a d v e g Â R u w i s d a g u f a r a v s u R i r s T a a m a T d a u c x o T a m a d i d e -b e l T a d a s a m w y s o T a T Â s T a ~ (abulaZe 1967 : 98).

RvTismSoblis, rogorc qarTveli eris mfarvelis saxe, kargad Cans giorgi mciris `giorgi mTawmidlis cxovreba-Sic~. davimowmebT Txzulebis or monakveTs:

giorgi Seyenebulma daavala giorgi mTawmidels 1. saRmrTo wignebis berZnulidan qarTulad Targmna da efTvimes dawyebuli saqmis bolomde miyvana. Tavdapirve-lad mowafem uari hkadra moZRvars: es saqme SeSveniT mxo-lod iseT `ganRmrTobil~ kacebs, rogoric wm. mama efTvi-me iyoo. maSin berma uTxra: Svilo, vinc efTvime sikvdili-sagan ixsna da qarTuli ena `ganumarta~, mas SeuZlia Senc Segewios, `r a m e T u m a s d i d a d e w y a l i s d a u y u a r s n a T e s a v i C u e n i ~ (giorgi mcire 1994: 189-190).

giorgi mTawmidlis gardacvalebis Semdeg aTonze 2. Seqmnes xati: wm. mama efTvime da wm. mama giorgi wm. ma-radqalwul mariams qarTvelTa meoxebas evedrebian. es xati moaTavses `samarxosa zeda wmidisa mamisa Cuenisa giorgissa~. mis Sinaarss giorgi mcire amgvarad ganmartavs: wm. RvTismSobelma ganadida misive madidebelni _ efTvime da giorgi Cveni eris gasanaTleblad; èrTsa mas simrTele mianiWa da enaÁ keTilad metyueli qarTulad, xolo meore-sa _ sibrZne da mecnierebaÁ, rameTu m a T o r T a v e a d i d e s Z a l i s a e b r y o v l a d d i d e -b u l i i g i m i z e z i k e T i l T a C u e n -T a Á . . .~ (giorgi mcire 1994: 257).

ganxiluli masala sruliad sakmarisia, raTa naTeli warmodgena viqonioT, Tu ra damokidebuleba hqondaT aTonel qarTvelebs deda RvTismSoblisadmi.

wminda da maradqalwuli mariamis kulti aTonis parale-lurad X-XI saukuneebSi saqarTveloSic ganmtkicda. ami-tom SemTxveviTi araa, rodesac XII saukunis 10-20-ian wleb-Si arsen iyalToelma* metafrasuli “wm. ninos cxovreba”

* Cven viziarebT mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac arsen iyalToeli da arsen beri erTi da igive piria.

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SeTxza, wina redaqciebisagan gansxvavebiT, sruliad ax-leburad gaiazra RvTismSoblis saxe; kerZod, man saqarT-velos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvdomilobis ideas logi-kurad daukavSira qarTlis moqcevis peripetiebi da wm. ni-nos cxovreba, riTac aRniSnul ideas mwyobri da dasrule-buli koncefciis saxe SesZina.

arsenis gadmocemiT, saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxe-Si qristes rjuli pirvelad iqadaga andria mociqulma, romelsac Tan axldnen simon kananeli da mataTia. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom maT uamravi adamiani moaqcies qristianoba-ze, qarTvelTa mefe da qveynis udidesi nawili “daSTa masve sibnelesave da sacTursa kerpT-msaxurebisasa” (abulaZe 1971: 10).

wm. ninos sadaurobis, misi mSoblebis, dabadebisa da swavla-aRzrdis mkiTxvelisaTvis gacnobis Semdeg mwe-rali kidev erTxel exeba mociqulTa Temas: ...wm. ioane RvTismetyvels wilisyriT samjer xvda aziis efesos mxare qristianobis gasavrceleblad. magram sxva mociqulebisa-gan gansxvavebiT, is samisionero misias ver axorcielebda, radgan yovladwminda RvTismSobels emsaxureboda Tavis saxlSi _ sionSi. gamosavali Seqmnili viTarebidan Tavad wm. mariamma STaagona ioanes. is RvTismSobelTan erTad gaemarTa wilxvdomili qveynisaken, mariam magdalinelisa da sxva menelsacxeble dedebis TanxlebiT. mxolod sami dRis savali hqondaT gavlili, rodesac gamoecxadaT macx-ovari da ubrZana ioane maxarebels menelsacxebleebTan erTad gzis gagrZeleba samociqulo Rvawlis aRsasrule-blad. xolo Tavis yovlad wminda dedas uTxra: ar msurs Seni wasvla saqadageblad, dabrundi ukan sionSi, `r a -m e T u n a w i l S e n d a a r i a n a d v i l m o s a q c e v e l n i e r n i w a r m a r T n i d a q u e y a n a Á m a T i ~. xolo rodesac aResruleba qveyanaze Seni yofnis Jami, ara marto ioanes, aramed yvela mociquls Semovkreb SenTan kidiT-kididan da me Tavad mov-al Seni sulis wasayvanad. asec aRsrulda! RvTismSoblis micvaleba iyo didebuli. igi ZesTan erTad avida sufevad. amis Semdeg mravali weli gavida, rodesac yovladsaxierma dedofalma moxeda Tavis wilxvdomil qveyanas, Cven ers, `r a m e T u n a w i l m i s a C u e n v a r T ,

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n a T e s a v n i q a r T v e l T a n i , d a n e -t a r v a r T C u e n d a s a m n e t a r , r a -m e T u n a w i l m i s a v i w o d e n i T . da igi ars Semdgomad RmrTisa mÃsneli da ganmaTavisuflebeli Cueni mwarisa misgan monebisa da sruliadisa tyueobisa mTavrisa mis bnelisa~ (abulaZe 1971: 15-16).

amis Semdeg arseni kvlav ubrundeba wm. ninos cxovre-bas: Rirsi nino dRe da Rame loculobda RvTismSoblis xatis win, mudam marxvasa, mRviZarebasa da daucxromel vedrebaSi iyo. erTxelac, rodesac is imyofeboda sionSi, wminda dedoflis senakis win, gamoecxada maradqalwuli mariami da uTxra: gagzavni Sen saqadageblad ucxo erTan, qarTvelebTan, Cem wilxvedril CrdiloeTis qveyanaSi, wadi mxned, uSiSrad da aswavle WeSmariteba! wm. ninom miugo: dedofalo, rogor SevZleb amis gakeTebas, me xom qali var ucxo, undo da uswavleli? maSin RvTismSobelma Tavis sa-flavTan amosuli vazis rto mokveTa, misca mas jvris saxe, gadasca is ninos da uTxra: am niSiT sZlev eSmakis yovelg-var mzakvrobas, warmatebuli iqneba Seni mqadagebloba, me ki Semweobas gagiwev da ar migatoveb. rodesac netari nino gons moego, xelT hqonda jvari vazisa. SeZrwunebuli da gakvirvebuli cremliT adidebda igi RmerTs da yovladw-minda RvTismSobels (abulaZe 1971: 16-17). swored am jvris meoxebiT moaxdina uamravi saswauli wm. ninom qarTlSi, rac sabolood Cveni qveynisa da eris sruli gaqristianebiT dasrulda (jvari vazisa sabolood daivanebs mefe miria-nis mier aSenebul im eklesiaSi, romelsac `jvari patio-sani~ erqva).

ase iqca wm. ninos jvari _ jvari vazisa, qarTuli ekle-siis upirveles simbolod, qarTuli marTlmadideblobis niSad da saswaulad. masSi gaSinaarsebulia erTdroulad Ze RvTisac _ ieso qriste da mSobeli misic _ yovlad wminda mariami (jvari, rogorc macxovris simbolo, vazi, rogorc RvTismSoblis simbolo). ase daakavSira vazis jvarma xiluli da uxilavi ZafebiT wm. nino, RvTismSobeli da misi wilxvdomili qveyana _ qarTli.

zemoT damowmebuli epizodis werilobiTi wyaroebis moZieba albaT gaWirdeba. es arc aris saWiro. arsen iyal-

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Toeli uTuod sargeblobs zepiri saeklesio gadmoceme-biT, romelTac is mxolod literaturul formas aZlevs. es rom asea, amas mowmobs isic, rom `wm. ilarion qarTve-lis cxovrebaSi~ da metafrasul `wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~ RvTismSoblis saxe TiTqmis erTnairi paradigmebiT aris gadmocemuli; magaliTad: wm. ninosac da wm. ilarionsac deda RvTismSobeli ecxadeba da is STaagonebs maT samo-ciqulo gzaze Sedgomas; es gamocxadebebi palestinaSi xdeba da orive aqedan iwyebs samisionero moRvaweobas; orives dasaxuli misiis ganxorcielebaSi maradqalwuli mariami exmareba, TumcaRa gansxvavebulia am misiis miznebi da masStabebi _ erTma (wm. ninom) kerpTayvanismcemlobiT dabnelebul qarTlSi unda Seitanos RvTaebrivi naTeli, xolo meorem (wm. ilarionma) xatmebrZoleobisagan rwme-naSeryeul bizantias ganaxlebis suli unda STaberos, WeS-maritebis madls aziaros (ix.: maxaraSvili 2006: 28-29).

saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvedrilobis arse-niseul Teorias momdevno saukuneebSi raime arsebiTi ara Sematebia ra, Tu ar CavTvliT nikoloz gulaberisZis (XII s.) `sveticxovlis sakiTxavs~, romelSic mweralma Tavisi epoqis istoriuli realobidan gamomdinare (Tamaris me-foba) dasva sakiTxi: ratom maincadamainc qali amoarCia RmerTma qarTvelebis gasanaTleblad? upirvelesi ar-gumenti, romliTac nikolozi am kiTxvaze upasuxebs aris Semdegi: saqarTvelo `nawili~ iyo yovladwminda RvTism-Soblisa. amitom mas Tavad surda Cven qveyanaSi Camosvla da qristianobis qadageba, magram misma Zem, macxovarma, ar ineba amis ganxorcieleba. ukve Semdgom, rodesac RmerTma wyaloba moiRo Cven erze, qalis (wm. mariami) nacvlad qali (wm. nino) warmoavlina qalisave wilxvedril qveyanaSi (sa-binini 1882: 71-72. Sdr.: kekeliZe 1980: 319-320).

saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxvedriloba iyo erTi is macocxlebeli ideaTagani, romelic rwmenas mateb-da qarTvel ers da istoriis yvelaze ufro Znelbedobis Jamsac ki gadarCenis imeds ar ukargavda.damowmebani:

abulaZe 1963: abulaZe i. (redaqtori). Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni I (V-XII s.s.). Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~,

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1963.abulaZe 1967: abulaZe i. (redaqtori). Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli

literaturis Zeglebi, wigni II (XI-XV s.s.). Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniere-ba~, 1967.

bezaraSvili, kuli 2000: bezaraSvili q., kuli b. `mayvlovanis~ gagebi-saTvis Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi. literaturuli Ziebani, XXI. Tb.: gamom-cemloba `merani~, 2000.

bezaraSvili, 2002: bezaraSvili q. masalebi saqarTvelos RvTismSob-lisadmi wilxvdomilobis ideisaTvis qarTul mwerlobaSi. krebuli _ Zveli qarTuli literaturis problemebi. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2002.

giorgi mcire 1994: giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo i. lo-laSvilma. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1994.

elaSvili 2000: elaSvili q. RvTismSoblis saxe da adreuli periodis qarTuli hagiografia. literaturuli Ziebani, XXI. Tb.: gamomcemloba `merani~, 2000.

kekeliZe 1957: kekeliZe k. kulturuli damoukideblobisaTvis br-Zolis anarekli Zvel qarTul literaturaSi. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, IV. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1957.

kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1980.

kuWuxiZe 1999: kuWuxiZe g. kidev erTxel `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ da-TariRebisaTvis. literaturuli Ziebani, XX. Tb.: gamomcemloba ̀ merani~, 1999.

maxaraSvili 2005: maxaraSvili s. `wm. ninos cxovreba~ da qarTuli me-sianisturi ideis safuZvlebi. II saerTaSoriso simpoziumi, `qristianoba Cvens cxovrebaSi _ warsuli, awmyo, momavali~. Tb. 2005.

maxaraSvili 2006: maxaraSvili s. bibliuri da literaturuli para-digmebi basili monazonis (protoasikritis) `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cx-ovrebaSi~. literaturuli Ziebani, XXVII. Tb. 2006

maxaraSvili 2007: maxaraSvili s. basili protoasikritis msofl-mxedvelobisaTvis. bizantinologia saqarTveloSi (krebuli eZRvneba ak. s. yauxCiSvilis xsovnas). Tb.: programa “logosi”, 2007.

metreveli 2000: metreveli f. agiografiuli sityva da logosi. Tb.: gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2000.

popovi 2005: Попов И. Н. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак- И. Н. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-И. Н. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-. Н. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-Н. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-. Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-Влахерны. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-. Православная энциклопедия, под редак-Православная энциклопедия, под редак-цией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Алексия II. Том IX. Москва: Церковно-научный центр “Православная энциклопедия”, 2005.

sabinini 1882: sabinini m. (redaqtori). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter- m. (redaqtori). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-m. (redaqtori). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-. (redaqtori). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-redaqtori). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-). saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter-saqarTvelos samoTxe. peter- samoTxe. peter-samoTxe. peter-. peter-peter-burgi, 1882.

siraZe 1997: siraZe r. `wminda ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli agiografiisa, Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1997.

sulava 2002: sulava n. XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli himnografia da politikuri ideologia. krebuli _ Zveli qarTuli literaturis prob-lemebi. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2002.

222

Soso Makharashvili

On the Problem of St.Nino, Grapevine Cross and Virgin Mary, the Main Protector and Intercessor of Georgia

Summary

The present work deals with the conception of Georgia as a country under special protection and intercession of the Virgin Mary. The roots of origination of this idea, de�elopment trend and the final process of the theory formation have been considered. In this context, there are ana-lyzed such compositions as: “The Life of St Illarion Kartveli”, “The Con-�ersion of Georgia”, “The Life of St.John and Euthymius”, “The Life of St.Giorgi Mtatmsindeli” and metaphrase “The Life of Saint Nino”. On the basis of the studied material it has been concluded that it was Arsen Ikaltoeli who ga�e well-composed and elaborated form to the idea of a country under the special protection and intercession of Mary and har-moniously linked the mentioned idea to the issues of St.Nino’s life and conversion of Georgia.

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paralelebi

eka CikvaiZe

nikoloz gulaberisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ da wminda ninos cxovreba

wminda ninos mociqulebrivi Rvawli araerTma Txzule-bam Semogvinaxa. qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli eklesiam Seafasa wodebiT `mociqulTa swori~, xolo sasuliero mwerlobam _ misi moRvaweobisa da `srbis~ aRmweri araer-Ti ZegliT. `ninos moRvaweobisa da masTan dakavSirebuli qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli da popu-larul-legendaruli gadmocemebis literaturuli da-muSaveba adre dawyebula~ (cxadaZe 1975: 390). `wminda ni-nos cxovrebis~ erT-erTi redaqcia daculia XI saukunis II naxevris istorikosis _ leonti mroveliseuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: 72-130) saxeliT cno-bil krebulSi, sadac avtori eyrdnoba `ninos cxovrebis~ uZveles redaqcias. mogvianebiT, XII saukunis II naxevarSi mociqulTa swori qalwul-ganmanaTleblis moRvaweobis swored es redaqcia daimowma da gamoiyena nikoloz gula-berisZem `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSi~ (sabinini 1882: 69-119).

nikoloz gulaberisZis biografia. gelaTis salitera-turo skolis moRvaweTa naTargmni Tu originaluri Tx-zulebebi, rogorc wesi, mwirad gvawvdian cnobebs maT mTargmnelTa Tu SemTxzvelTa Sesaxeb. am TvalsazrisiT, gamonaklisi arc `sveticxovlis sakiTxavia~, romelsac qarTul filologiaSi damkvidrebuli tradiciiT niko-loz gulaberisZes miakuTvneben. kaTolikos-patriarqis, poetis, mTargmnelis, istorikosisa da mwignobaris, niko-loz gulaberisZis, moRvaweobis Sesaswavlad upirvelesi mniSvneloba eniWeba misive `sakiTxavs svetisa cxovelisa, kuarTisa saufloÁsa da kaTolike eklesiisa~, aTonis saaRape wigns (metreveli e. 1998: 101-130), sinodikonsa da Tamaris cxovrebis aRmwer Txzulebebs. `sakiTxavis~ avto-ris Sesaxeb TviT Zeglidan viciT, rom: a) Txzulebis av-

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tors namdvilad nikolozi hqvia. erT-erT saswaulSi igi gvamcnobs: `romeli ese nikolaoz qarTlisa kaTalikozman Tvinier wesisa da Cueulebisa~ (sabinini 1882: 89) qmna, erT-xel mipatiebiao, e.i. gvamcnobs saxelsa da sasuliero xarisxs, rac iSviaTad gvxvdeba qarTul xelnawerebSi. b) nikolozis biZa, mamis Zma, gaxldaT kaTolikos-patriar-qi svimoni (1142-1146). svimonis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli varau-diT, igi iyo giorgi Wyondidelis diswuli, romelsac da-viT aRmaSeneblis dros mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, Sirvanis gamgebelisa da bediel-alaverdeli episkoposis pativic rgebia (metreveli r. 2000a: 125). nikolozi aRniS-navs, rom patriarqobamde svimoni wminda sabas monasterSi moRvaweobda, xolo TviTon am dros iyo `siyrmesa Sina~ (`Jamsa mas siyrmisa Cemisasa... netari mamis Zma Cemi svimoni, pirvel patriarqobisa misis, monastersa Sina iyo wmidisa sabasa armazs... me kaxeTiT movdiodi da erTi kaci Tana myu-anda~ sabinini 1882: 98). g) misi sapatriarqo taxtze aRsayd-reba burduxan dedoflis, e.i. giorgi III-is (1156-1184) dros moxda. basili ezosmoZRvris istoriuli Txzulebi-dan `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi~ Cans, rom nikolozi uaRresad mniSvnelovani piri yofila giorgi mesamisa da Tamaris karze. d) kaTalikosobis periodSi mas ukurTxebia episkoposi sveticxovlis gareT (ruisis taZarSi) burdux-an dedoflis ZaldatanebiT (e.i. gulaberisZe ukve kaTa-likosobda burduxanis gardacvalebamde). Tamaris isto-riidan cnobilia, rom igi 1178 wels `simdablisa ZliT ijm-na qarTlisa kaTalikozobisagan~ (metreveli r. 2000b: 135). sakaTalikoso taxtze uaris Tqmas ierusalims wasvlas ukavSireben. saaRape wignidan varkvevT, rom valis gamo ya-daRadadebuli miwebisa da soflebis gamoxsnaSi aTonis qarTul savanes winamZRvar pavlesTan erTad swored nikoloz gulaberisZe daexmara. sinodikonSi nikolozis saxeliTaa dawerili ramdenime aRapi, romelTa Soris gan-sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Tamar dedoflisTvis dadebu-li orwevra da ioane mwignobarTuxucesisTvis dadebuli aRapebi. el. metrevelis azriT, radgan pavle aTonis qarT-velTa monastris winamZRvari iyo 1170-1184 wlebSi (pavle winamZRvrad daadgines `Tvesa martsa indiqtionsa samsa,

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e.i. 1170 wels, man miatova winamZRvroba indiqtionsa orsa~, e. i. 1184wels, _ aRapebi 165 da 158), nikoloz gulaberisZe aTonze 1179-1183 wlebSi unda yofiliyo. riT adasturebs el. metreveli mama pavlesa da nikoloz gulaberisZis er-Tobliv moRvaweobas? upirveles yovlisa, paleografiu-li monacemebiT, romelTa Sorisac umniSvnelovanesia or-wevra aRapebi. amasTanave, Actes d’Iviron II tomis masalebze dayrdnobiT (da sxva gamokvlevaTa moSveliebiT) el. met-reveli aRadgens ivironis mamaTa rigs da miuTiTebs, rom ivirons 1120-40 wlebSi ioane III kalakala winamZRvrobs, xolo 50-dan 70 wlamde erTmaneTs cvlian miqaeli, ioane IV, vasili da giorgi V (am ukanasknelis Sesaxeb mowmoba pan-teleimonis monastris berZnul aqtSicaa daculi). amave mkvlevaris cnobiT, 1183 wels nikolozi ierusalimSi, jvris monasterSi, gadasula, sadac didi sameurneo saqmi-anoba gauSlia monastrisTvis laTinTagan mitacebul mi-waTa dasabruneblad (metreveli e. 1998: 124). mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis eWvs Tamaris titulatura iwvevs. SeiZlebo-da Tu ara Tamaris dedoflad moxsenieba? el. metrevelis azriT, Tamar dedoflis mosaxsenebeli aTonis qarTuli monastris aRapebSi 1178-79 wlebSia Cawerili, e.i. Tamaris yrmobaSi (1178-1179 wlebidan 1184 wlamde, stagirSi gior-gi III-is gardacvalebamde, Tamari giorgis III-is Tanamosay-drea, rogorc cnobilia, Tamari daibada 1158 Tu 1160 wels). arsebobs ori gansxvavebuli mosazreba Tamaris vinaobis Sesaxeb: kekeliZe-ingoroyva-metreveli mas Tamar mefed, xolo s. kakabaZe ki daviT aRmaSeneblis asulad, Sirvan-Sahze gaTxovil da daqvrivebul dedoflad, miiC-neven. s. kakabaZe fiqrobs, rom a) mwignobarTuxucesi ioane (xolo mas ixseniebs erT-erTi aRapi) Tamar mefis dros ar moRvaweobda da b) raki Tamari aRapSi iwodeba ara mefed (mefeT-mefe an dedofalT-dedofali), aramed mxolod de-doflad, es aris daviT aRmaSeneblis asuli, romelsac Sirvan-Sahis Tanamecxedreobis gamo ixsenieben dedoflad (es Tamari, daqvrivebuli, 1152 wels saqarTveloSi dab-runebis Semdeg monazvnad aRikveca da aResrula 1160 wlis axlos). Sesabamisad, kakabaZis varaudiT, winamZRvarma pav-lem swored am Tamarisgan miiRo daxmareba 1152 wlamde

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(radgan amis Semdeg ukve monazvnad aRkvecili dedoflad veRar iwodeba). pavle daayenes winamZRvrad III indiqtionis martSi, xolo 29 aprils, 2 indiqtions `dauteva mamaman pavle mamoba~* (aRapi 169, 178) (kakabaZe 1966: 301-315). mniSv-nelovania, rom nikoloz gulaberisZe yvelgan (aRapebSi) ixsenieba martivad, saxeliT. xom ar unda vivaraudoT, rom igi jer ar iyo kaTalikosi? is Casula aTonSi pavles winamZ-Rvrobis dros. danamdvilebiT viciT, rom saeklesio kre-baSi monawileobis misaRebad nikolozi Tamarma ierusal-imidan gamoixmo (`cxovreba mefeTmefisa Tamarisi~), rac Tamarma gamefebisTanave (giorgis gardacvalebis Semdeg) moiwvia. mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, mizezi Tamaris dedoflad moxseniebisa swored Tanamecxedreoba unda iyos, radgan am periodSi igi mefed ver iwodeboda. Tuki svimoni 1142-46 wlebSi kaTalikosis taxtis mpyrobeli iyo (xolo gulaberisZe, TviT nikolozisave sityvebiT, sakiT-xavSi ixsenebs ambavs, romelic mas `siyrmis~ asakSi, svimo-nis kaTalikosobamde gardaxdenia), unda vifiqroT, rom igi aTonze am dros ver iRvawebda (s. kakabaZis mier miTiTe-buli wlebi swored nikolozis yrmobisdroindel sas-wauls emTxveva, am dros igi kaxeTSia). svimonis patriarqo-bis dro emTxveva demetre I-is zeobis xanas (1125-1155/6). demetre I-s ixseniebs xelnawerTa muzeumSi daculi K14 xe-lnaweri, romelic, erT-erTi mosazrebiT, swored nikoloz gulaberisZes unda ekuTvnodes. cxadia mxolod is, rom qronologiurad naklebad mosalodnelia maqsimes korpu-sis qarTuli Targmanis gulaberisZisTvis mikuTvneba, Tuki K14-is Targmnas demetres mefobis 20-40-iani wlebi-sTvis vifiqrebT, rogorc amas gvTavazobs ed. WeliZe (Wel-iZe 1998: 58-60). gamefebis Semdeg Tamarma nikolozi ieru-salimidan gamoixmo masTan dapirispirebuli miqaelis (1178-1190) nacvlad aRsasaydreblad. nikolozma kaTa-likosobaze uari Tqva, magram anton quTaTelTan erTad Tamaris mier mowveul saeklesio krebas swored is xelmZR-vanelobda. anton saRiris Ze (quTaTeli) aTonis saaRape

* mniSvnelovania, rom aRapebSi ar Cans meore TariRi, romlis mixedviTac unda dadgindes konkretuli dro. amitom daTariReba mainc hipoTeturia, xolo gamoTvla indiqtisa qoronikonis gareSe marTebulia rogorc kekel-iZe _ metrevelTan, aseve _ kakabaZesTan.

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wignSic ixsenieba (indiqtionsa a, rac el. metrevelis az-riT, 1183 wels Seesatyviseba. xolo 1184 wels igi unda dab-runebuliyo saqarTveloSi da daepyra quTaTelis kaTed-ra. Tamaris mier gamarTul saeklesio krebas swored anton quTaTeli da nikolozi warmarTavdnen). `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa Tamarisi~ mogviTxrobs, rom Tamarma `pirvelad aR-mouwoda qalaqiT ierusalemiT nikolozs galaberisZesa... ese ra moiyvana, Semoikribna yovelni samefosa Tvisisa mRdelTmoZRvarni, monazonni da meudabnoeni, kacni mecni-erni sjulisa saRmrTosani da moswrafe iyo, raTa marTl-madideblobasa zeda SemoTesilni Teslni borotni aR-mofxurnes samefosa Tvisisa... xolo Semo-ra-krbes orisave samTavrosa episkoposni, romelTa pirad aqunda zemo mox-senebuli nikoloz, msgavsi sexnisa Tvisisa da antoni quTaTeli saRiris-Ze... miegeboda maT Tamar didiTa simd-abliTa, viTarca kacni da ara mefe, viTar angelozTa da ara kacTa~ (kekeliZe 1951: 298). bolodroindelma gamokv-levebma istorikosebi miiyvana daskvnamde, rom miqaeli 1188 wels gardaicvala (qadagiZe 2001: 124). Tuki es sworia, maSin saeklesio krebis TariRi 1184-1188 wlebiT unda ganv-sazRvroT. am krebisa da saaRape wignTa Semdeg gulaberisZe aRarsad ixsenieba. amitomac fiqroben mkvlevarebi, rom nikolozi gardaicvala 1190 wlis axlo xanebSi. es daTari-Reba marTebuli iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki davuSvebT, rom Tamar dedofali Tamar mefea. Zalze mniSvnelovania `saqarTvelos samoTxeSi~ daculi SeniSvna `sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ daweris TariRTan dakavSirebiT, romelic bi-ografiis TvalsazrisiTac sayuradReboa: m. sabinini miu-TiTebs, rom ̀ svinaqsari ese kaTalikoz nikolaoz pirveli-sagan 1160 wels Sedgenil ars ZueliT matianeTagano~ (sabi-nini 1882: 117). sakiTxavis daweris TariRis Sesaxebac azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. kekeliZe mas Tamaris epoqas miakuTvnebs (kekeliZe 1951: 298-302). ras efuZneba m. sabininis daskvna, ar viciT, Tumca, aseTi daTariReba gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZloa gulaberisZe iyo orjer saberZneTSi (mosazrebas saberZneTSi sakiTxavis daweramde yofnis Sesaxeb berZenTa naTesavis, misi xasiaTisa da wes-CveulebaTa Sesaxeb msje-lobac gangvimtkicebs (ix. sakiTxavi, gv. 104; mxedvelobaSi

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gvaqvs originaluri da ara naTargmni ZeglisTvis uCveulo leqsikur-stiluri Tu sintaqsuri berZnizmebi, razedac qvemoT sagangebod SevCerdebiT), an TariRi misi saber-ZneTSi yofnis Sesaxeb mcdaria. amave dros, sakiTxavis Sed-genisas nikolozi ukve aRsaydrebulia kaTalikosis tax-tze, radgan wers: `pirvel patriarqobisa Cemiso~ (sabinini 1882:98). mkvlevarTa varaudiT ki gulaberisZe patriar-qobda 1156-1178-ian wlebSi. Tuki sabininis cnoba sworia, maSin aRapSi moxseniebuli Tamaric, cxadia, iqneba daviT aRmaSeneblis qaliSvili (miT umetes, rom Tamar mefe dai-bada 1158 Tu 1160 wels). Sesabamisad, am SemTxvevaSi logi-kuria Tamaris mouxseniebloba TxzulebaSi, gulaberisZis biografia ki mniSvnelovanwilad gadasaxedi (magaliTad, patriarqTa rigisa da zeobis sakiTxi). biografiis amgvari wakiTxva K14 xelnaweris Sesrulebis TariRze ed. WeliZis varaudsac eTanxmeba da aRapis leqsikis uCveulobasac _ mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Tamaris orwevra aRapis sityvebi _ `havTa RorTa kacTa...~ (metreveli 1998: 124) rac patriarq-isgan namdvilad moulodneli Sefasebaa. amasTanave, Txzule-baSi arsad ixsenieba Tamar mefe, rac aseve damafiqrebelia. aseT SemTxvevaSi, vfiqrobT, angariSgasawevi iqneba s. kaka-baZis mosazreba.

biografiidan CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRe-bi `saeklesio wesTa ganmarTvaa~ (metreveli 2000b: 135). yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac sasuliero mwerlobidan nikolozs daukavSirda, misive `sveticxovlis sakiTxavia~. nikolozis mizani yofila sveticxovelTan dakavSirebul saswaulTa Semokreba-aRweriT uflis sakvirvelmoqmedi madlisa da Zalis Secnoba-qeba (dambadeblis dabadebuliT Secnoba, rasac uaRresad logikuri da Zalze saintereso magaliTebiT gvawvdis).

nikoloz kaTalikosi Tavadve gvamcnobs: `rameTu vin gamowulilviT meZieblobdes dasabamsa da vinaobasa da sadaobasa netarisa mis ninosasa, wigni igi xelad miiRen aRwerili mowerilobiT moTxrobisaTvis qarTvelTa cx-ovrebisa da misgan geuwyos yovelive aRmavsebelad Cueni-sa naklulevanebisa. xolo Cuen Sesabamad wmidisa amis dResaswaulisa mxolod aRmavsebelad kma sayofeli reca

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sulmcired Semoklebuli Txrobili moxsenebaÁ ninosica aRvsweroT da SemdgomiTi Semdgomad SeudginoT yovelive jerovani gamosaCeneli da sacnaurmyofeli suetisa cxo-velisa da kuarTisa saufloÁsa didebulebai ugunure-bisa Cuenisagan SesaZlebeli~ (sabinini 1882: 73). amgvarad, nikoloz gulaberisZem Tavadve ganmarta mizezi wminda ninos cxovrebis Semoklebuli versia-redaqciis CarT-visa, gansazRvra Txrobis mizani, ragvaroba, Txzulebis (sakiTxavis) Sedgenis motivacia da, amasTanave, miuTiTa upirvelesi wyaroc, saidanac ninos Rvawlis warmoCenisas usargeblia. k. kekeliZem `qarTuli literaturis isto-riis~ I tomSi SeniSna gulaberisZis sakiTxavis msgavseba leonti mrovelis ZeglTan. mkvlevaris azriT, ninos moR-vaweoba da Rvawli aqac isevea Sefasebuli da gadmocemu-li, rogorc `qarTvelTa cxovrebaSi~ (kekeliZe 1951: 298). imave avtoris miTiTebiT da bolodroindeli gamokvleve-biT, nikoloz gulaberisZis TxzulebaSi Cans `qarTlis moqcevis~, `matiane qarTvelTais~, ninos cxovrebis sxva redaqciebis (mag.: arsen beriseuli), efrem mciris Sromis (`mosaxsenebeli moqcevisa Cuenisai Tu romelTa wignTa Sina berZenTasa xsenebul ars~), aseve, araqarTvel moR-vaweTa wyaroebis, rufinusis, beri melqiti nikonis, mose xorenacis (TamaraSvili 1995: 200-240), basili didis eqvsTa dReTas (romelsac Tavad avtori axsenebs) (sabinini 1882: 71), msoflio saeklesio krebaTa (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mr-wamsis eqscerptebi, Zalian sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani, romelsac wminda nino warmoTqvams TxzulebaSi da romel-ic sxva redaqciebSi amgvari saxiT SesaZloa arc iyos), io-ane damaskelis `gardamocemis~ kvalic.

1. sakiTxavis kompozicia da misi mimarTeba ninos cx-ovrebis sxva redaqciebTan. wminda ninos cxovrebis svi-naqsarul redaqciaTa Seswavlisas mkvlevari d. menabde SeniSnavs: ̀ es Txzuleba ninos cxovrebis detalebis gadmo-cemaSi mTlianad leonti mrovelis Sromas eyrdnoba, raze-dac, rom araferi vTqvaT maT frazeologiur siaxloveze, miuTiTebs TviT nikolozic~ (menabde d.: 183). Tavis mxriv, `sakiTxavic~ gamxdara Cvenamde moRweuli ori svinaqsaris wyaro (amave naSromSi d. menabde miuTiTebs, rom A 425 da A

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220 svinaqsarul krebulebSi moTavsebuli cxovrebani gu-laberisZis `sakiTxavidan~ momdinareoben, amitomve atyvi-aT gulaberisZis stilisa da leqsikis kvali). Cvenamde moR-weuli arc erTi xelnaweri, romelic sakiTxavis teqsts Seicavs, XVII saukuneze adreul periods ar ganekuTvneba. es ki mniSvnelovnad arTulebs Zeglis kvlevas.

kompoziciur-siuJeturi da informaciul-faqtobrivi mimarTeba. `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ enobriv-stiluri TvalsazrisiT sam pirobiT nawilad davyaviT. esaa: Sesavali (dasawyisi), ninos moRvaweoba da ninos Semdgomi saswaule-bi (`gixarodeniT~). saerTo da ucvleli mTel Txzuleba-Si ideur-saxismetyvelebiTi aspeqtebia, rac amTlianebs Zegls da, aseve, avtoris stili (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara enobriv-stiluri sakiTxebi, rac gansxvavebulia I-III da II nakveTebSi, aramed Txrobis, sakiTxis warmoCenis _ `saZi-eblis~ Wvretis, gamowulilvisa da safilosofoso Ziebis gulaberisZiseuli stili, rac `qarTlis cxovrebis~ im monakveTisTvis, romliTac nikolozi sargeblobs, ucxoa). gulaberisZis sakiTxavi inarCunebs qveTavTa Tanmimdev-robas: abiaTaris monaTxrobi, sidonias monaTxrobi, magram zedmiwevniT ar misdevs maT. ZeglTa urTierTSedarebam TxzulebaTa urTierTmimarTebis sami aspeqti warmoaCina: a. ori Zegli zedmiwevniT (an mcire variantuli sxvaobiT) misdevs erTmaneTs: ùfalo, mravliTa ZaliTa SeniTa~... (sabinini 1882: 74); `Sevida saxlsa samoTxis mcuelisasa~/ (`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: 93) `Sevida saxlsa mas samoTxis mcuelisasa~; Tanmxvedria sidonias monaTxrobis mniS-vnelovani epizodi, erTgvaria daTariReba (gulaberisZe savsebiT iziarebs mroveliseuls); b. gulaberisZe `qarT-lis cxovrebis~ mokle versias gvTavazobs, sadac kvali am ukanasknelisa naTelia da (amgvar pasaJTa moZieba rTuli araa maTi simravlis gamo); g. Txzulebebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. Rogorc q. cxadaZe miuTiTebs, ̀ safiqrebelia, rom sxvaobani gamouwvevia ̀ qarTlis cxovrebis~ redaqtor-Semdgenlebisa da mTargmnelis saerTo mizansa da gegmas, zogjer ki gadamnusxvelis gemovnebas. qarTul wyaroeb-Si yvelaze meti cvlilebiT leonti mrovelis redaqcia warmodgenilia XII saukunis II naxevris moRvawis nikoloz

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gulaberisZis sayuradRebo SromaSi. avtoris mizania aR-weros uflis kvarTis adgilsamyofelze agebul taZarSi aRmarTuli sveticxovlis istoria da misi saswaulebi. gu-laberisZisTvis sainteresoa `ninos cxovrebis~ is nawili, romelSic gadmocemulia ninos moRvaweoba mcxeTaSi, mis mier qarTlis moqceva da ara mTeli cxovreba. amitom igi Txrobas iwyebs ninos javaxeTs SemosvliT da amTavrebs svetisa da jvrebis saswaulebiT. am nawils avtori gad-mogvcems leonti mrovelis Tanaxmad Tavisufali Txrobis saxiT~ (cxadaZe... 1960: 390-1). mag.: gulaberisZe ar urTavs abiaTaris I monaTxrobs; qarTlad Semosvlis epizodSi ar axsenebs gacs, gansxvavebiT mrovelisgan; zog xelnawerSi calke Tavadaa gamoyofili jvris aRmarTva (sabinini 1882: 78); zogjer Txroba identuri Tu ara, msgavsia (amgvar SemTxvevaSi saubroben versifikaciaze da ara redaqciaze), magram gansxvavebulia faqtobrivad: `Semdgomad weli-wadTa mravalTa esma Ziswulsa aderki mefisasa~/ (sabinini 1882: 100) Semdgomad mravalTa weliwadTa Ziswulis Svil-man aderki mefisaman...~ mniSvnelovani faqtobrivi sxva-obaa 4 jvari (romelsac simboluri, saxismetyvelebiTi da ideuri gansxvaveba Semoaqvs TxrobaSi, Tuki mas faqtad vaRiarebT)*; SesaSuri kritikuli da logikuri azrovneba

* sayuradReboa oTxi jvris Sesaxeb daculi cnoba, romelic ninos cxovre-bis sxva arc erT redaqciaSi ar gvxvdeba: `ganhkueTes xe igi maisis erTsa da Sehqmnnes juarni oTxni~. qristianuli simbolikis TvalsazrisiT, TavisTa-vad, oTxi sakraluri ricxvia, SeiZleba oTx kuTxes, Sesabamisad, sarwmunoeb-is yovelmxriv gavrcelebas (gavixsenoT oTxi maxarebelic) ukavSirdebodes. am sxvaobaze yuradReba SeaCera m. CxartiSvilma (literaturaTmcodn. sim-poziumis masalebi, hierotopia wminda ninos cxovrebaSi, 18-20, 2007), sadac gansxvavebas ierotopiis sxvagvari xedviT xsnis. unda iTqvas, rom raime daskvnis gamotanamde saWiroa Tavad gulaberisZiseuli teqstis guldas-miT Seswavla. jvris aRmarTvis Sesaxeb Txrobisas nikoloz patriarqi gad-mogvcems: `juari cecxlisa Camovidis zeciT da eklesiasa mas zeda, romelsa juarni esuennes gvirgviniTa daadgris...da riJuraJs oden gankrTian orni varskulavni da erTi warvidis aRmosavleTiT, xolo erTi dasavliT da igi Tavadi egis Tvissa mas adgilsa~... aq ukve sami varskvlavi Cans, romelic sam jvars ganuwesebs samyofels: èrTisa mis dasavleTiT TxoTisa mTisa miwevna miuTxres, xolo erTisa aRmosavleTisa mis bods kuxeTisa...miwevna miuTxres da orTave maT esreT sacnaur iqmna sazRuari~, miniSnebul adgilas ubrZana `netarman nino warxuma orTa juarTa~ _ erTi TxoTis mTaze, xolo meore (Tanac, nikolozisave SeniSvniT, erTi) _ ùjarmos qalaqsa~, `xolo Tavadi ese juari patiosani mesame uwyebiTa zegardamoTa aRmoiyvanes ze borcusa mas queSe wyarosa mas zeda, sada didi igi umTavresi varskulavi aRmovides~ da episkoposis kurTxeviT aRmarTes (sabinini 1882: 100). arsad Txrobisas ar Cans

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warmoCndeba, roca gulaberisZe ori sxvadasxva episkopo-sis qarTlad Semosvlis cnobas ganixilavs. igi ar iRebs ukritikod arc erTs, magram xedavs SesaZleblobas, moag-varos orive informacia erTmaneTTan, rasac gvTavazobs kidec. gansxvavebulia toponimi: muxrani _ muxnari; mniSv-nelovania sxaoba, roca is ganpirobebulia gulaberisZis paradigmuli an kidev gelaTis skolisTvis damaxasiaTe-beli azrovnebiT, poziciiT, msoflxedviT. es, ZiriTadad, maSin xdeba, roca `cxovrebiseuli~ informacia, Txroba gulaberisZis mizans scdeba da an kidev, nikolozi Tvlis, rom `saTanado ars~ `gamowulilva~ Tu `Zieba~-komentari. misTvis mniSvnelovania faqtTa sizuste, amitomve sakama-To sakiTxs arkvevs: `viTar winaaRmdgom ars sityva sityvi-sa, friad saZiebel arso~ (sabinini 1882: 89). unda SevniSnoT, rom gulaberisZe Tavisuflad ekideba masalas: zogjer ga-navrcobs, xan amcirebs, sxvagan ki komentars urTavs (mag.: ioane episkoposis, svetis saswaulebisa Tu ninos mier aRs-rulebul sakvirvelqmedebaTa moxsenebisas).

Txzulebas uZRvis Sesavali, romelic erTgvari Semza-debaa, `cxdyofis mizezTa~ swored filosofiuri axsnaa, radgan ufalma qarTvelTa gansanaTleblad warmoavlina qali _ nino (am sakiTxs sagangebod SevexebiT qvemoT). mxo-lod `saTanado~ komentaris Semdeg nikoloz gulaberisZe iwyebs Txrobas wminda ninos Sesaxeb. Txroba iwyeba ninos javaxeTSi SemosvliT (gansxvavebiT `qarTlis cxovrebis-gan~). Sedarebam cxadyo, rom sveticxovlis sakiTxavis Cve-namde moRweul redaqciebSi mroveliseuli ̀ ninos cxovreba~ gamokrebili saxiTaa warmodgenili. Cans sxva wyaroTa kva-

meoTxe jvari. aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT nikoloz gulaberisZis damokide-bulebac iseT principul redaqciul-faqtobriv sxvaobebTan, rogoric war-modgenili SemTxvevaa. mas, rogorc uaRresad dakvirvebul, `gamomeZiebel~ da `saZiebelTa~ `saTanadod~ maanalizebel istorikoss ar sCvevia faqtTa ukomentarod miReba. qarTlis cxovrebisgan ganmasxvavebeli stiluri Tav-iseburebis erTi aspeqti swored es `Ziebaa~ (magaliTisTvis saberZneTidan Camosul episkoposTa vinaobis ori gansxvavebuli cnobis morigebis gula-berisZiseuli versiac gamogvadgeba. mniSvnelovania, rom, erTi mxriv, leon-tisgan gansxvavebul versias episkoposTa Sesaxeb siuJeturad mosdevs jvris aRmarTvis ambavi, romelic, am SemTxvevaSi, leontis qronologias zedmiw-evniT imeorebs, TumcaRa misgan gansxvavdeba faqtobrivad. ix. Sabinini 1882: 95-97). amitom, savaraudoa, rom cnoba oTxi jvris Sesaxeb mxolod gadamweris Secdomaa da ara gulaberisZis gansxvavebuli versia.

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lic, radgan gvaqvs epizodebi, romelnic ar gvxvdeba mrov-elTan, zogjer qarTlis cxovrebis siuJeturi mimdevroba darRveuli da gadawyobilia gulaberisZis ideur-mxat-vruli CanafiqrisTvis ufro mosaxerxeblad. mTeli rigi pasaJebi misdevs erTmaneTs, xSiria Semokleba, rac isev da isev avtoris ideur-mxatvruli Canafiqris Sedegia.

2. kompozicia `sakiTxavis~ enobriv-stiluri da leqsi-kuri kvlevisas mniSvnelovan sirTules qmnis. vawydebiT imave tipis problemas, rogorsac, zogadad, `ninos cxov-rebis~ Semcvel ZeglebTan dakavSirebiT: gulaberisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ kiTxvisas gvrCeba STabeWdile-ba sxvadasxva enobriv-leqsikur qsovilTan Sexebisa. aRniS-nuli mimarTeba `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da `sakiTxavisa~ enasa da stilzec aisaxa. Zegli enobrivi TvalsazrisiTac pirobiTad sam nawilad unda davyoT, radgan Txzulebis Tavi da bolo gelaTur ZeglebTan avlens kavSirs, xolo Sua monakveTi (romelic `qarTlis cxovrebasTan~ akav-Sirebs Txzulebas) leqsikuradac gansxavebulia. aq av-tori TiTqos mihyveba leonti mrovelis enobriv stils da gansakuTrebiT ar cvlis mas. marTalia, is niSnebi, rac saerToa mTeli ZeglisTvis, mainc SeimCneva (magram gaci-lebiT naklebi intensivobiT). jer kidev iv. javaxiSvili miuTiTebda, rom `nikolaoz kaTalikozs ...enis mxrivac Tavisebureba emCneva. mas, viTarca filosofoss, Cveuleb-rivi sityvebi ar moswons da axal SeTxzulebsa xmarobs, rogorc mag.: mimomstumrobas, TanaSewevnas, warmoCenas, ver-sworsa da sxvebs. magram gansakuTrebiT mimReoba, or-sam nawiledi sityvebi da maTgan nawarmoebi zmnebi hy-varebia, mag.: mimxedvelman, mecadnni, metyvelman, naviTy-vanebulmi, ...da sxv. amgvari sityvebis wyalobiT Cveni isto-rikosis ena zogan mZimed gveCveneba~, magram es marto misi maxasiaTebeli ar unda iyos, aramed ukve ìoane petriwisa, arsen iyalToelisac da, rogorc etyoba, mTeli garkveu-li filosofiuri mimarTulebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad unda CaiTvalos~ (javaxiSvili 1983: 406). savsebiT marTe-bulia iv. javaxiSvilis mosazreba, radgan `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ gelaTis skolis tipuri Txzulebaa enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis TvalsazrisiT.

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`sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ stilur Taviseburebas berZ-nuli enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli konstruqciebis moxmoba qmnis. es sintaqsuri konstruqciebia mimReoburi, infini-tivuri, pasivuri da uSemasmenlo winadadebebi. es niSnebi kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, Tuki SevadarebT `cxovrebis~ paralelur epizods. I-III da II nakveTTa enobrivi maxasiaTe-blebis gansxvavebis fonze ra qmnis Txzulebis erTianobis SegrZnebas? es aris is komentar-ganmartebani Tu Sefaseba-Sejamebani, romelTac mTel TxzulebaSi `saTanado~ adgi-las urTavs avtori.

unda aRvniSnoT, rom mTel Txzulebas axasiaTebs msje-lobis ritorikul-filosofiuri stili. Cveulebrivia Txrobis erTgvari Semzadeba dasawyisi frazis moxmobiT. nikoloz patriarqi ambavs ase iwyebs: ̀ saWiro ukue vidreme iqmna Cuenda,~ an kidev, `saTanado ukuÀ vcan, Txrobad...~ `saTanado ukuÀ vhgone...ara datevebad TÂnier moxsenebi-sa...~ ùWeSmarites ukue vhgone sxuaca saZiebeli...~ da a.S. swored stilis, msjelobis sruliad gansakuTrebuli ma-neris, faqtTa da movlenaTa Sejameba-analizis da sxv. gamo iv. javaxiSvili `sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ avtors isto-riul-filosofiuri mwerlobis warmomadgenlad miiCnevs (javaxiSvili 1983: 400).

3. Zeglis Janrobrivi specifika, saxismetyvelebiT-ideuri da ideologiuri sakiTxebi. gavrcelebuli mosaz-rebiT, ninos cxovrebis mravalgzis damuSavebis erT-er-Ti mizezi agiografiuli Txzulebis calke Camoyalibe-bis mcdelobebs unda ukavSirdebodes. am TvalsazrisiT, nikoloz gulaberisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ siaxles ar gvTavazobs. amitom, Zeglis upirveles Semfasebels m. sabinins igi svinaqsarad miuCnevia (ix. Cvenive komentari qvemoT). nikolozis Txzulebis Janrobrivi specifikis gansazRvra Zalze saintereso sakiTxia da, Cveni azriT, ganapirobebs rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebasTan~ mis damo-kidebulebas, ise Zeglis kompoziciur, stilur-enobriv da ideur-saxismetyvelebiT aspeqtebs. nikoloz gula-berisZis Txzulebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli varaudiT, sve-ticxovlis sakiTxavi aris a) agiografiuli, b) istoriuli (gamokvleva _ T. Jordania), g) himnografiuli, d) poli-

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Janruli Txzuleba; agiografiul Txzulebas sruliad konkretuli mizani,

modeli da tipologia aqvs. mas unda hyavdes gmiri, rom-lis cxovreba-moRvaweobas warmoaCens agiografi avtori. amasTanave, es aris gza miwieri, Cveulebrivi mokvdavobi-dan wmindanobamde, gza, romelic gansacdelTa daZleviT ufalTan erTobiT gvirgvindeba da, romelic Cven, aseve Cveulebriv mokvdavT, xatad, magaliTad unda gveqmnas. Tavis mxriv, wmindani baZavs macxovars, xolo agiografi wmindanis gzis CvenebiT _ maxarebels. sabolood ki iqm-neba xati, mzerisa da gulisyuris warmmarTveli, wminda-nisa, romelic meoxi xdeba winaSe RvTisa, raTa Cvenc da-vimkvidroT caTa sasufeveli. mowame Tu dammowmebeli, moqalaqe (cxovrebis gmiri) Txzulebis centraluri figuraa da Txroba an Tanmimdevrulad viTardeba (sadac naCvenebia moRvaweobis dasawyisidan bolomde ganvlili gza), an kidev agiografis Sexedulebisamebr (magaliTad, principiT: `saqmeman Senman gamogaCinos Sen~), msgavsad `grigol xancTelis cxovrebisa~ (romelic kompozici-urad cxovrebis fragmentTa amsaxvel xats Camohgavs). is-toriul TxzulebaSi aqcenti istoriul faqtTa da movle-naTa ganviTarebaze unda iyos gadatanili. imitomac, rom sakuTriv saistorio TxzulebaTa standartul modelSi gulaberisZis Zegli ver jdeba, iv. javaxiSvilma nikoloz patriarqs istoriis filosofosi uwoda. `sveticxovlis sakiTxavs~ verc himnografiul TxzulebaTa rigs mivakuTv-nebT, radgan sagalobels mkacrad gansazRvruli kanonika aqvs, rac ZeglSi ar Cans. TviT Txzulebis bolo epizodic ki, romelic gixarodenis saxeliTaa cnobili da romel-sac daujdomel galobad kiTxuloben eklesiaSi, calke, damoukidebeli saxiT ar Seqmnila. mas sruliad gansxvaveb-uli funqcia aqvs. Txzuleba ver Sesruldeba RvTismsaxu-rebisas rogorc himni, sakiTxaviT ver aRavlenen, magali-Tad, parakliss. poliJanruli Txzuleba sxvadasxva Janris ZeglTa erTobliobas unda warmoadgendes, aq SesaZlebeli unda iyos sxvadasxva Janris plastebis garCeva, sxva SemTx-vevaSi es is bunebrivi mravalplanianoba iqneba, rac, zoga-dad, sasuliero TxzulebaTa sinkretuli bunebiTaa gan-

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pirobebuli. ̀ moqcevai qarTlisais~ Sesaxeb msjelobisas z. aleqsiZe miuTiTebs, rom igi arc ̀ sufTa istoriuli nawar-moebia, arc hagiografiuli, Tumca, imave dros, erTicaa da meorec...`moqcevai qarTlisaim~ Tavisi tradiciac ki Seqmna msgavsi sinTeturi tipis Janrisa. `wminda ninos cxovre-bis~ Sesaxeb dawerili yvela momdevno xanis redaqcia erTsa da imave dros aris hagiografiuli nawarmoebic da istoriuli Txzulebac~ (aleqsiZe 2007: 4). agiografiuli da istoriuli xazi `sveticxovlis sakiTxavSic~ Cans, mag-ram maT ara aqvT damoukidebeli mizani. istoria TiTqmis yvela sasuliero xasiaTis TxzulebaSi isaxeba, radgan aq gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eniWeba faqtTa namdvilobas, wyaroTa utyuarobas (gavixsenoT nebismieri agiografiu-li, istoriuli, himnografiuli Txzuleba, sadac TviTmxil-veloba, mowmeTa monaTxrobi, dadasturebuli informacia usaTuod aRsaniSni faqtoria, utyuarobis, sandoobis gan-mapirobebelia). amitomve ̀ istoriis filosofosad~ moxse-nieba nikoloz gulaberisZisa Cven ara Zeglis Janrobrivi specifikis gansazRvrad, aramed Txzulebis istoriuli aspeqtebis Sefasebad migvaCnia. Tavad gulaberisZe SeniS-navs, rom miznad dausaxavs `WeSmariti da utyueli~ ambis `WeSmaritebiTve sacnaurqmna~, rac sasuliero mwerlo-bisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa. Cveni azriT, sveticxovlis sakiTxavi aris homiletikuri Janris Txzuleba, kerZod, sadResaswaulo qadageba. homilia, rogorc cnobilia, sam-Rvdelo pirTa mier warmoTqmuli moZRvreba-qadagebaa, romelic an winaswar iwereboda SemTxzvelis mier, an qada-gebis Semdeg Caiwerdnen xolme. homiletikur literatur-aSi gamoyofen sadResaswaulo qadagebebs (romelTa miza-nic dResaswaulis gandidebaa), enkomiebs (riTac mowameeb-sa da wmindanebs asxamen xotbas), epitafiebsa da sakuTriv homiliebs, romelTac egzegetikur-moralisturi xasiaTi hqondaT (leqsikoni-cnobari I, 1984: 279). swored winas-war Cawerili sadResaswaulo homiliis saxe aqvs `svetic-xovlis sakiTxavs~. Zegli gajerebulia mkiTxvelisa Tu msmenelisadmi mimarTviT. ninos xazis dasrulebas axal saswaulTa gadmocema cvlis, sadac gulaberisZe ambobs: `sixaruli dResaswaulisa da Jami Sekrebisa Cvenisa sxuisa

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rasame uaxlesisa da sixarulevanisa xelyofad iZulebul-gvyofs Cven, rameTu vinaTgan dResaswaulisaTvis ars si-tyua, saTanado vidreme vhgone RvTismoyuareno, kualadca sacnauryofad zogsre saswaulTaTvis svetisa cxovelisa~ (sabinini 1882: 104). miuxedavad imisa, rom ZeglSi CarTu-lia wminda ninos cxovrebis sakmaod vrceli epizodi, ver vityviT, rom iqmneba wmindanis xati. avtorisTvis mniS-vnelovania ara wminda ninos Rvawlis ganzogadeba, ara misi magaliTad, saxed warmoCena, aramed wminda ninos Rvawlis Sedegi _ `qarTlebrTa amaT aRmosavleTis eklesiis~ da-fuZneba. wminda ninos Rvawlis CarTva TxzulebaSi emsax-ureba nikolozis mizans _ saTave daudos sveticxovlis dResaswauls da mas Tavisufali kompilaciis xasiaTi aqvs* (amiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli Sefasebac _ svinaqsari. saerTod, kompilacia sasuliero TxzulebebSi Cveulebri-vi, Tumca, ratomRac Seuswavleli movlenaa. kompilire-bis kvali araerT naTargmn Tu originalur Txzulebas atyvia). wminda nino ar aris gulaberisZis Txzulebis cent-raluri figura. aq ar aris naCvenebi mxolod da sakuTriv qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis Rvawli (miuxedavad k. kekeli-Zis miTiTebisa, rom TxzulebaSi mocemulia `gaazreba da Sefaseba ninos Rvawlisa da misi saqmianobisa saqarTve-loSi~, rasac, cxadia, veTanxmebiT, magram davZenT, rom am gaazreba-Sefasebas nikolozi sakiTxavis Sedgenis miz-ans uqvemdebarebs. kekeliZe 1951: 105). Txroba arc ninos moRvaweobis pirvel dReTa TxrobiT (rogorc es saerTod xdeba agiografiul TxzulebebSi, uflis an RvTismSoblis mier wmindanis samoRvaweod mowodebiT) iwyeba da arc misi gardacvalebiT sruldeba. ZeglSi namdvilad warmoCeni-lia wminda ninos saxe gansxvavebul konteqstSi. am gansx-vavebul xedvas ki gulaberisZis mizani qmnis. avtori Tavadve gvicxadebs: `rameTu vin gamowulilviT meZieblobdes dasa-bamsa da vinaobasa da sadaobasa netarisa mis ninosasa, wigni igi xelad miiRen aRwerili mowerilobiT moTxrobisaTvis qarTvelTa cxovrebisa da misgan geuwyos yovelive aRma-vsebelad Cuenisa naklulevanebisa. xolo Cuen Sesabamad wmidisa amis dResaswaulisa mxolod aRmavsebelad kma say-

* amitomac atyvia qarTlis cxovrebis, arsen beriseuli ninos cxovrebis da sxva TxzulebaTa kvali (ix. zemoT, Cvenive statia).

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ofeli reca sulmcired Semoklebuli Txrobili moxsen-eba ninosica aRvweroT da SemdgomiTi Semdgomad Seudgi-noT yovelive jerovani gamosaCeneli da sacnaurmyofeli suetisa cxovelisa da kuarTisa sauflosa didebuleba ugunurebisa Cuenisa SesaZlebeli~ (sabinini 1882: 73). nikoloz gulaberisZe Tavadve ganmartavs ninos cxovre-bis epizodTa CarTvisa da amgvari redaqciiT warmodgenis mizans, es aris ̀ dResaswaulis Sesabamad~ Txroba. qarTvel-Ta ganmanaTleblis Rvawli da saxe erTi rgolia im jaWvi-sa, romliTac patriarqs saboloo Sedegamde mivyavarT. es aris uflis dideba, WeSmaritebis wvdoma, sacnauryofa, dambadeblis dabadebuliT qeba-Secnoba, qarTuli eklesi-is wiaRSi TavCenil sakvirvelqmedebaTa axsna, yvelaferi ki konkretul SemTxvevaSi sami aspeqtiT: eklesia _ kvar-Ti _ sveti gamovlinda. mxolod amitom Semodis TxrobaSi wminda nino da ara damoukidebeli funqciiT, rogoric mas eqneboda agiografiuli Txzulebis SemTxvevaSi. amitomve aqvs Txrobas gamokrebili xasiaTi.

axali ar aris, rom wminda ninos moRvaweoba mociqulTa RvawlTanaa Sedarebuli. magram, zogadad, gulaberisZes sxva mweralTagan ganarCevs faqtTa da movlenaTa Sefase-ba-ganzogadeba, sadac mniSvnelovania ara mxolod trad-iciuli paradigmuli azrovneba, aramed ̀ saZiebelTa~ axali aspeqtiT warmoCena, rac zogjer eklesiis istoriis Tval-sazrisiTac xdeba sayuradRebo. sveticxovlis sakiTxavis avtori wminda ninos qarTlSi Semosvlas sami mizeziT xs-nis: 1. `brZanebiTa uflisaTa~ ìsrad rCeulad da elvad naTlisad~ `kideTa queyanisaTa warivlinnes mociqulni~. àRmosavaliT kerZoTa maT~ qadagebad wadier iyo deda RvTisa `SesabamobisaTvis saxelisa misisa (e.i. Zisa, e.C.), viTarca TviT ewodebis aRmosaval mzisa simarTlisa~.* pa-

* qristianuli azrovneba uaRresad simbolizebulia. simboluria aRmosav-leTis mniSvnelobac mTels Zvelsa da axal aRTqmaSi („mogvni aRmosavaliT mo-vides“, mT. 2,1; ,,vixileT varskulavi misi (qristesi) aRmosavaliT“, mT. 2,2,...). aRmosavleTiT aris mimarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis sakurTxeveli, Sesabamisad, aRmosavleTisaken aqvs piri mlocvels. aRmosavleTiT moZraobs axali naTelRebulic da jvardawerilic analogiis garSemo (mzis sawinaaRm-dego, magram Semxvedri mimarTulebiT. ,,qristianuli moZRvreba aris winamZ-Rvari kacobriobisa swored dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken, radgan dasav-leTi uklebliv yvela wminda mamasTan aris bneleTisa da kvdomis simbolo,

xolo aRmosavleTi-sinaTlisa da sicocxlis“. amgvarad, tradiciis mixedviT

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tivi aRmosavleTSi qadagebisa RvTisave nebiT RvTismSob-lis _ qalis _ nacvlad xvda axla ukve RvTismSoblisave nebiTa da SewevniT qals _ ninos. deda _ RvTismSobeli ùzesTaesia dedaTa da mamaTa da zecisa ZalTaca~. amitom, `raJams RmerTman ineba wyaloba da cxovreba naTesavisa Cvenisa, dedakacive warmoavlina...gamoTxoviTa da xuaiS-niTa dedisaTa...vinadgan nawilica iyo dedisa RvTisa~. èrTi WeSmariti da ueWveli mizezi~ qarTvelTa naTesavis dedakacis mier moqcevisa swored RvTismSoblis wilxv-domileba yofila. xolo RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilebis erT-erTi mizezi ki `qarTlebrTa naTesavis aRmosavaliT~ cxovreba, rakiRa TviT ufali _ mze simarTlisa _ aR-mosavaliT aRmobrwyindeba. RvTismSoblis wilxvdomileb-is Sesaxeb cnobas pirvelad ilarion qarTvelis cxovre-baSi vxvdebiT, Xsk. II nax., XII saukunidan ki araerTgzis das-turdeba (sakiTxis Sesaxeb sagangebod msjelobs k. kekel-iZe etiudebis IV t., kekeliZe 1957: 137-140). 2. `meore da uWeSmaritesisa ese ars, vinadgan yovelTa naTesavTa umZ-vinvaresni da uveluresni iyvnes ese naTesavni, amisTvisca dedakaci warmoavlina, raTa umetes sacnaur iqmnes Zali RvTaebisa misisa da aravisi ena kadnier iqmnes amaosa mTxz-velobisaTvis cudisa metyvelebad, viTarmed simxneman da sibrZniT filasofosobaman, gina enaritorobaman mis visme kacisaman daacxro borot-boroteulebai maTio, amisT-visca ukue lbiliTa miT da narnarad mdinariTa wylisa da, cxadia, ara SemTxveviT: yvela ritualuri msaxurebisas mRvdelmsaxuri mimarTulia aRmosavleTisaken (es Cveuleba rigiT morwmunezec vrceldeba). gadmocemiT, swored aRmosavleTidan gamoCndeba macxovari meored mosvlis Jams. ioane damaskeli sagangebod msjelobs „aRmosavaliT Tayuaniscemis“ Sesaxeb da brZanebs: ,,vinaÁTgan RmerTi naTeli ars sacnauri da mze simar-TlisaÁ da „aRmosavalad“ (zaq. 3,8 lk. 1,78) werilTa Sina saxelidebis qriste, misda Sewirul iqmenin TayuaniscemaÁ aRmosavaliT... ityvis... daviTca: - uga-lobdiT ufalsa ... aRmosavaliT (fs.47,33), mermeca ityvis werili: „dahner-ga RmerTma samoTxe edems aRmosavaliT (Sesaqme, 2,8.)“... moseansaca karavsa aRmosavaliT aqunda kretsabmeli da salxinebeli ... ufalica juarcumuli dasavalad mimarT hxedvida da esreT Tayuanis-vscemT missa mimarT mxed-velni. da amaRldeboda ra, aRmosavaliT kerZo aRvidoda ... da esreTve mov-ideso, viTar saxed ixileT igi aRmavali zecad, angelosni ityodes mociqul-Ta mimarT (saqme mociqulTa 2.11) da TviT ufali: „viTarca elvaÁ gamovals aRmosavaliT da Cans vidre dasavaladmde, egreT iyoso moslvaÁ Zisa kacisaÁ (mT. 24,27)“. misni ukuÀ momlodeni Tayuanis-vscemT aRmosavaliT“ (gardamo-cema, gv. .245).

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nektariTa daSrita simZafre saxmilisa~ (sabinini 1882: 72). radgan, rogorc nikoloz gulaberisZe xsnis, ganmarTldes uflis sityvebi: `Zali Cemi uZlurebasa Sina srul iqm-nebiso~. sakiTxavis avtori aseve ganmartavs, rom ufali `saTno iCens ara sxvilbarkalTa mamakacTasa~, aramed `mo-SiSTa saxelisa misisaTa, viTarca ityvis `mivxedneo garna mSvidsa da mdabalsa da romeli Zrwodes sityuaTagan Cem-Ta~ da kualad `msxuerpl RvTisa ars guli Semusrvili da damdablebuli RmerTman ara Seuracxhyos~. qarTlis qalis mier gaqristianebis meore mizezad gulaberisZes miaCnia `qedficxelTa (urCi, Tavxedi), ulmobelTa (aq: sastiki) da uglimTa (briyvi, ugunuri) naTesavTa~ ùZlurisa bunebisa dedakacisa mier~ molboba (sabinini 1882: 73). nikoloz gu-laberisZis komentari am SemTxvevaSi gansxvavdeba arsen beriseuli poziciisgan qarTvelTa naTesavis bunebis Ses-axeb, sadac vkiTxulobT: àra mnebavs qadagebad warslva Seni, aramed warved Sen saxid Senda siond, rameTu nawil Senda arian advil-mosaqcevelni erni warmarTni da qveyana maTi~ (Zveli qarTuli...1978: 360). erTi mxriv, gasagebia ad-vilmosaqcevelobis Sinaarsi: qarTvelTa gaqristianebasa da am sarwmunoebis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebas msxverp-li ar mohyolia. es, uflis gangebulebasTan er-Tad, mociqulTa swori qalwulganmanaTleblis xangrZli-vi Rvawlis Sedegi iyo. maSin motivaciaTa winaaRmdegobaze ufro metad gansxvavebul xedvaze unda visaubroT. umniS-vnelovanesia, rom mociqulTa sworis, ninos, Rvawli gu-laberisZem swored am aspeqtiT ganixila. saubaria ara mx-olod fizikur uZlureba-sisusteze, aramed filosofi-ur koncefciaze, mWevrmetyvelebis xelovnebis iaraRad gamoyenebis uaryofaze, rasac am konkretul konteqstSi sarwmunoeba, RvTismoSiSeba, simSvide da simdable (`Se-musrvili guli~) upirispirdeba (TxzulebaSi araerTgzis ikveTeba mociqulTa sworis swored es Tvisebebi). amave konteqstSi da swored am motiviT imowmebs nikoloz gu-laberisZe ùswavlel meTevzurebsa da mdabioT~, ris Ses-axebac zemoT ukve SevCerdiT. amave arguments nikoloz pa-triarqi amyarebs gedeonis magaliTis moxmobiT. bibliaSi moxsenebuli ori gedeonisgan aq israelis VII msajuli igu-

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lisxmeba (msaj. VI, 11), kerZod, VIII TavSi gadmocemuli amba-vi 300-kaciani laSqriT mravalricxovani mtris damarcx-ebisa, romelic, aseve, ufals mindobiTa da gedeonis mier damorCilebuli xalxisadmi SeTavazebuli winadadebiT _ ufalma imefos Tqvenze _ aris yuradsaRebi (msajulTa VIII, 23). gedeonis msgavsad, ufals gaamefebs qarTvelTa naTe-savze wminda ninoc. 3. `dedaTa pativis~ damadasturebeli mesame argumenti nikolozisTvis aris is, rom macxovris aRdgomis xarebis pativi swored dedaT xvdaT wilad. mniS-vnelovania, rom homiliaSi Semodis polemikis elementic (rac namdvilad ar aris uCveulo movlena). patriarqi mi-marTavs yvelas, vinc akninebs `qadagebasa da moqcevasa Cvensa~, Tumca, vis gulisxmobs konkretul SemTxvevaSi, ar Cans: ̀ daiyavn piri borotad da amaod damakninebeli qadage-bisa da moqcevisa CvenisaTvis bunebisa mier dedobrivisa, aramed ufrosad da umetesad vmoxarulobdeTca da vmo-qalaqobdeT myuedrebelTa maT CuenTa mimarT ugunure-bis momzraxTa~ (sabinini 1882: 73). mniSvnelovania daskvna: is, rac SesaZloa vinmes damaknineblad eCvenebodes, si-namdvileSi Cveni eklesiis pativia. usaTuod gagvaxsende-ba giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxi antioqiis patriarqisadmi, romelic zustad msgavsi datvirTvis, sulieri Zalisxme-vis, paTosisa da intonaciisaa*.

rogorc kompoziciur-siuJetur sakiTxebze msjelobi-sas aRvniSneT, wminda ninos xazi ninos javaxeTSi Semosv-liT iwyeba da mis mier qarTlis gaqristianebiT (qris-tianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebiT) sruldeba. realurad, Tuki davukvirdebiT, es aris mxolod ambavi ni-nos qarTlSi Semosvlisa da eklesiis dafuZnebisa, rome-lic dakumSulad aRadgens istorias da sadac warmmarT-veli im saswaulTa gaxsenebaa, romlebic ukavSirdeba jer kvarTs, Semdeg svetsa da eklesias (sveticxovlis taZars)**.

* r. siraZe swored am argumentaciaTa gaTvaliswinebiT andria kritelis `RvTismSoblis sakiTxavTan~ dakavSirebiT fiqrobs, rom sveticxoveli gana-saxovnebs RvTismSobels (siraZe 1992: 134).

** xelnawerebsa da redaqciebze saubrisas mivuTiTeT, rom sveticxovlis sakiTxavma araerTi xelnaweriT moaRwia Cvenamde, Tumca, maTi umetesoba XVII saukunisaa. vfiqrobT, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi Txzulebis `qarTlis cx-ovrebasa~ da `ninos cxovrebis~ sxva redaqciebTan msgavsebis gamoc Zeglma

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amave dros, gulaberisZes ainteresebs qarTlSi, kerZod, kvarTis, svetis adgilas, samoTxeSi (zogi redaqciiT, ve-naxSi) da mayvlovanTan aRsrulebuli saswaulebi (sakiT-xavSi nino ar tovebs mayvlovans, RvTismSoblis safarvels da yovladwmida dedis meoxebiT aRwevs Tavadac erTobas ufalTan, sakvirvelmoqmedebs). mniSvnelovania, rom kvar-Ti ninos Semosvlamde gacilebiT adre CamobrZanda da RvTis gangebulebiT `warmoivlina qarTlsa, dedasa qadaqTasa~, mag-ram misi Zala, madli da sakvirvelqmedeba sisruliT mxo-lod ninos qarTlad Semosvlisa da mayvlovanSi dafuZne-bis Semdeg gamovlinda. gulaberisZis miizani da pozicia gamokveTilia maSinac, roca gareSe, sxvagan Cenil sak-virvelqmedebaT aRwers mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Sem-deg is unda daukavSirdes sveticxovels, mag.: mirianis mzis dabneleba, an kerpTa msxvreva da a.S. (TavisTavad, um-niSvnelovanesia sveticxovlis, Zveli dReTas, naTliT mosili kacis da sxva saxeTa gaazreba. am TvalsazrisiT, sayuradReboa, rom `ninos cxovrebis~ sinuri xelnaweris miniaturaSi svets aRmarTavs qriste, Sesabamisad, Zveli dReTac am miniaturis SemsruleblisTvis qristes sim-boluri saxea). qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocx-adebis (e.i. qarTlebrTa eklesiis dafuZnebis) Tvalsaz-risiT Semodis TxrobaSi konstantinesadmi gagzavnili werili Tu cnoba episkoposTa Semosvlisa. wminda ninos saxis gaazreba araerT mkvlevars ucdia, amitom Cven aRar SevCerdebiT mis saxismetyvelebaze, Tumca SevniSnavT, rom gulaberisZis `sakiTxavSic~ qmediTi da metyvelia opozi-cia tyve _ dedofali da ucxo _ deda. tyve ninos cxovre-baSi damkvidrebuli Sesatyvisi unda iyos qristianuli Ze-glebisTvis cnobili monisa. mamaTa ganmartebiT, TviT sax-arebac ganarCevs ufalTan urTierTobis or safexurs: monobasa da megobrobas (megobars ufali uwodebs laza-res, romelsac aRadgens). aq unda igulisxmebodes nino qarTlis moqcevamde da Semdeg, radgan naTlisRebis madli mociqulTa swor dedas (TormetTa Tana meaTcamete moci-qulad wodebuls) tyveobidan ukve swored megobrad wode-

gadamwerTa mier dakarga pirvandeli saxe da Seimata iseTi epizodebic, rom-lebic Tavdapirvelad gulaberisZesTan ar unda gvqonoda.

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bis pativs miagebs. xolo radgan qriste meufea, ufalia, wminda nino sulieri aspeqtiT xdeba dedofali da tovebs tyveobas (e.i. xdeba megobari_monidan). wmida mowame ipo-lite romaeli ganmartavs: `vinc rwmeniT Sedis ganaxlebis sabanelSi, uaryofs satanas da uerTdeba qristes, ukuag-debs mters da aRiarebs qristes TviT RmerTad, ganerideba monobas da miiRebs Zeobas, igi brundeba naTlisRebis emba-zidan naTeli, rogorc mze, mbrwyinavi simarTlis sxivebiT da, rac mTavaria, brundeba RvTis Zed da qristes Tanamec-xedred~ (RvTismsaxuris...1989:344). es sulieri gza qarTv-el erTan erTad ganvlo wminda ninomac. amaves ukavSirdeba ucxo _ deda wyvilic. qarTuli agiografiidan mravali pasaJis moxmoba SeiZleba, sadac ucxo sarwmunoebiT ucxos, rjuliT ucxos Tu RvawliT ucxos, an gansakuTrebuli warmomavlobisas aRniSnavs (ùcxo ucxoTa SjuliTa~ _ abo, ̀ ucxoveba Rvawlisa~ _ grigolisa da a.S.), magram amave àbos wamebaSi~ vkiTxulobT, rom qarTli gamxdara `dedad wmidaTa~, romelmac gaaqristiana ucxo Sjulis abo. nino ucxoa manam, sanam gaqristiandeba eri, xolo mirianisa da nanas saswaulebrivi gankurneba mas dedad aqcevs da kapa-dokieli qalwuli xdeba `deda qarTvelTa Temisa~. boro-tebis dabneleba, kerpTa msxvreva da uaryofa, rac eris naTlisRebas mohyva, samaradisoa (da ara droebiTi). uf-lis gangebuleba da RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveynis uf-lisTvis aRdgena xorcieldeba eris naTlisRebiT, ufal-Tan erTobiT, miuTiTeben, rom `dacemuli kacobriobisT-vis erTaderTi gza xsnisa RmerTTan erTobis miRwevaa~ (RvTismsaxuris...1989: 331). swored am gzas aCvenebs qarT-velT tyveyofili dedofali da ucxoyofili deda _ nino. amave dros, mzaddeba idea: mcxeTa _ qarTuli ierusalimi. mcxeTac binaruli saxea da, unda iTqvas, rom gulaberis-ZesTan gamokveTilia ara mxolod Sedegi ninos moRvaweo-bisa, aramed procesi: mcxeTa _ `deda qadaqTa~ unda iqces `zeciuri ierusalimis~ saxed. qadagi/qadaqi gulaberis-ZesTan warmarTuli saqarTvelos aRmniSvnelia (aqve gag-vaxsendeba qarTlis saxeldeba `dedad wmidaTa~ ioane sa-banisZesTan, e.i. icvleba funqcia, datvirTva, misia erisa rogorc erT, ise meore SemTxvevaSi). Tuki bolo dros

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SemoRebul terminologias moviSveliebT, `wminda ninos cxovrebaSi~ da, kerZod, gulaberisZis sakiTxavSic, asaxu-lia hierotopuli midgoma (CxartiSvili 2007: 322) da hie-rofania (sivrcul-landSafturi xati, RvTaebrivi Canafiq-ri adgilis, sakraluri sivrcis Seqmnis procesi). irkveva, rom qristianobis gavrcelebisTanave amgvari ̀ baZviT~ Seq-mnili xati ierusalimisa aris TviT konstantinepolSic (àxali ierusalemi~), gvian _ moskovSic, jer kidev k. keke-liZis (Semdeg, r. siraZis da sxv.) dakvirvebiT _ amave xats imeorebda mcxeTac Tavisi SemogareniT: `Zvelma qarTulma eklesiam, romelmac Tavisi dasabami wminda miwidan miiRo, topografiuli TvalsazrisiTac Tavisi dedisgan _ ieru-salimis eklesiisgan miiRo asli, rodesac mcxeTasa da mis midamoebSi Seqmna yvela is umTavresi punqti, romlebT-anac dakavSirebuli iyo qristes amqveyniuri cxovrebis umniSvnelovanesi movlenebi. mcxeTa qarTuli ierusali-mia... mcxeTa, es qarTuli ierusalimi, mdebareobs md. mt-kvrisa da aragvis Sesayarze, mis centrSia didebuli sapa-triarqo taZati 12 mociqulisa...aq, mtkvris napiras, sadac qarTvelebi moinaTlnen, dRemde SemorCa mRvime eklesiis nangrevebiT, romelsac beTlemi ewodeba. mtkvris marjve-na napiras, swored samxreTiT aRmarTulia Taboris saxe-liT cnobili mTa. masze idga fericvalebis eklesia... mcxe-Tidan CrdiloeTiT, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, ...mdebareobs egreT wodebuli beTania~ (kekeliZe 1957: 362). r. siraZe miuTiTebs, rom analogiebi mravlad gamovlinda da aisaxa `ninos cxovrebaSi~. xolo, radgan mrovelis redaqcias misdevs gulaberisZec, Sesabamisad, gvxvdeba `sveticxov-lis sakiTxavSic~. yvelaze mniSvnelivani isaa, rom ìeru-salimSia qristes saflavi, mcxeTaSi ki daflulia kvarTi uflisa. mcxeTa saxea e.w. `zeciuri ierusalimisa~, amitom analogiebi sulieri simbolikis Sinaarss Seicavs...aq um-Tavres wyvileul saxeebs qmnian jvari vazisa da sveticxo-veli, mayvlovani da `samoTxe~, armazis mTa da `borcvi juarisa~, `zemo~ da `qvemo~ eklesiebi, aqvea bibliuri sa-kulto mTebi: gebeli da garizani~ (siraZe 1987: 100). qristes saflavis mcxeTuri analogiis _ kvarTis adgili ucnobia ninos Semosvlamde, es adgili swored mas mieniS-

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neba saswaulebrivad. mniSvnelovania, rom Tuki manamde sakvirvelmoqmedebs kvarTi, taZris aSenebis Jams mas cvlis sveti, xolo Semdeg _ taZari, romelic amTlianebs samive xats, moicavs Tavis TavSive samive siwmindes, zegardamoq-sovil sauflo kvarTs, cxovel svetsa da sakuTriv ekle-sias. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi, eklesia SeiZleba orgvarad gaviazroT da binaruli datvirTva mivceT: eklesia _ sveticxoveli da eklesia _ axaldafuZnebuli, samoci-qulo. mcxeTa _ zeciuri ierusalimis amgvarad gaazreba saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi qristianuli samyaros winaSe qarTveli eris mier sakuTari misiis gacnobierebas ukav-Sirdeba. msjelobis amgvarad warmarTva Zalze logikuri SedegiT _ qarTveli eris sazepuro erad, axal ierusali-mad wodebiT sruldeba. am ideis RerZi ki swored mcxeTaSi dafluli kvarTia, romelzec gamobrwyinda sveti da ro-melzec aigo sakvirveli taZari _ sveticxoveli, romel-ic, erTi mxriv, mociqulTa saxelobisaa, xolo meore mxriv, qarTvelTa sionadac iwodeba. jer kidev VII-VIII saukuneebSi ioane sabanisZem Camoayaliba erovnuli TviTSegnebis mso-flmxedvelobrivi koncefcia, sadac qristianuli samya-ros yureSi moqceul qarTvel ers sarwmunoebrivi aRm-sareblobiTa da RvTis winaSe gaRebuli RvawliT berZnebs uTanasworebs* (àra xolo berZenTa sarwmunoebaÁ ese RvTi-samieri moipoves, aramed Cuenca, SorielTa amaT mkvidrTa~, Zeglebi 1964: 55), xolo qarTls im madlis gamo, romelic mis wiaRSi damkvidrebulT qristesTvis Rvawlis survils aRuZravs, dedad wmidaTa uwodebs. giorgi merCule qarT-vel bagrationTa genialogiur Stos daviT mefsalmunes

* Tuki ioane sabanisZe berZnebs qarTvelebs uTanasworebs, gelaTis sko-lis avtori _ gulaberisZe qarTvelTa da berZenTa naTesavis xasiaTsa da Tvisebebs warmoaCens da sruliad gansxvavebul pozicias gvTavazobs: mas, rogorc elinofil avtors, moswons berZenTa tradicia, xedavs qarTvelTa da berZenTa gansxvavebul Tvisebebs da ara mxolod axasiaTebs, aramed, erT SemTxvevaSi ninos Semosvlas gvixsnis qarTvelTa mZvinvare da uglimi xa-siaTiT, sxvagan wuxs, rom qarTvelTa naTesavs ara aqvs Cveva `samecniero da safilosofosoTa saqmeTa gamoZiebisa~ da a.S. rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, berZenTa naTesavis amgvari warmoCena gulaberisZis mier `sveticxovlis sakiTxavis~ daTariRebis erT-erT argumentad gvesaxeba. amave dros, imave momentebiT ukeT warmoCndeba, rom qarTvelTa sazepuro erad gamorCeva uf-lis gangebulebaa da ara qarTveli eris damsaxureba (amitomac, miuxedavad ragvarobisa, swored qarTlebrTa naTesavs uwodebs gulaberisZe sazepuro ers, kvarTis, svetisa da sveticxovlis taZris mflobels).

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da, Sesabamisad, macxovars, ukavSirebs (`daviT winaswar-metyvelisa da uflisa mier cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo~, _ mimarTavs grigoli aSot kurapalats (Zeg-lebi 1964: 262). TumcaRa, usaTuod unda aRvniSnoT, rom damkvidrebuli mosazrebis paralelurad es epizodi, zo-gadad, cxebul mefeTa daviT mefsalmunis sulier memkvid-reobasac, saRvTo madlmosilebasa da mironcxebulobasac unda gulisxmobdes. ar ixsenieba sauli, romelic pirveli cxebuli mefea, Tumca ara morWmuli xelmwife, samagierod, ixsenebs daviTs, romlis StoSic iSva macxovari da rome-lic morWmiT ganagebda israels, Sesabamisad, `pativTan erTad patiJicaa~ misi sulieri memkvidreoba). X saukuneSi ioane-zosime meoredmosvlis Jams erTa qarTuli eniT `gankiTxvas~ winaswarmetyvelebs da mas saxarebiseul la-zares uwodebs (`saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hqvia~. am uCveulo `qebis~ teqstis axsna-gaazreba araerTma mkvle-varma scada, Sesabamisad, araerTgvaria Txzulebis sim-bolikisa da saxismetyvelebis axsnac. cxadia, Cven am sakiT-xebs ar SevexebiT). axali ierusalimis idea sruliad gansx-vavebuli konteqstiT gelaTis akademiis simboloc gaxda. X-XIII saukuneTa sasuliero literatura mesianistur ide-as Zalumad warmoaCens. gulaberisZesTan meordeba mcxe-Tis _ meore ierusalimis idea, romelic epoqis Sesatyvis gaazrebas imatebs: eris rCeulobis ideas iZens. Tuki Tav-dapirvelad meore ierusalimi transformirda gamoTqmad axali ierusalimi (rac cvlis Tavdapirvel datvirTvas. Tavdapirveli gaazreba ki amgvari iyo: `rogorc aRmosav-luri saqristianos centria ierusalimi, aseve unda iyos mcxeTa saqarTvelosTviso~, (siraZe 1987: 83), TandaTano-biT gaCnda qarTvelTa misiis axali axsnac: rogorc Zvel aRTqmaSi israeli iyo rCeuli eri, ise qristianobis gavr-celebis Semdgom qarTvelTa naTesavi rCeuli, anu sazepuro eria. amgvari gaazreba Tavad terminSic aisaxa* (aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom qarTvelTa naTesavi `sazepuro eria~, mcxeTa _ àxali ierusalemi~, maSin, roca konstan-

* n. sulavam sagangebo werili uZRvna termins `sazepuro eri~, sadac Se-jamebulia yvela is mosazreba, sadac am leqsemisa da saxis gaazrebaa war-modgenili da gamoTqmulia sayuradRebo daskvnac X-XIII sk.Ta ZeglebSi misi datvirTvis Sesaxeb.

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tinepoli _ axali hromi, ierusalimSi igulisxmeba sulie-ri rCeuleba, maSin, roca romSi moiazreba mxolod kul-turul-politikuri Zalmosileba). cxadia, Cven ar Sevexe-biT leqsemis genezisis sakiTxs. CvenTvis sayuradRebo agi-ografiul da bibliur teqstebSi misi datvirTva da sim-boluri gaazrebaa. termini sazepuro eri araerT sasuli-ero TxzulebaSi gvxvdeba: `ninos cxovreba~, àbdulme-siani~, ̀ daviT da konstantines martvilobis~ metafrasuli redaqcia, arsen bulmaisimisZis xelTuqmneli xatis sa-galobelni da a.S.

sazepuros mniSvnelobis gansazRvraSi gansakuTrebu-li roli eniWeba bibliis qarTuli Targmanis monacemebs, romelTa mixedviT sazepurod israelia miCneuli... gamosvl., II Sjulisa da I mefeTa wignebSi israeli moixsenieba sazepurod: `da aw ukueTu smeniT isminoT xmisa Cemisa da daicvaT aRTqumaÁ Cemi, iyvneT Cemda er sazepuro yovelTagan na-TesavTa, rameTu Cemi ars yoveli queyana~ (gamoslv. 19,5); `xolo ufalman ara ganiSoros eri Tvisi saxelisa misisaT-vis didisa, rameTu Segiwynarna Tquen ufalman da gamogir-Cia Tquen erad sazepurod~ (I mefeTa, 12, 22); `gamogirCia ufalman...raÁTa iyo Sen misa erad sazepurod (II Sjul. 6,7)~ (sulava 2004: 22). ras niSnavs bibliuri gaazrebiT rCeu-loba? gamosvlaTas moxmobil muxls mosdevs kidev erTi axsna: `xolo Tquen iyvneT Cemda sameufo, mRdeloba, naTe-sav wmida. ese sityuani hrqune ZeTa israelisaTa~ (gam. 19, 6). rogorc Cans, ufali rCeulobas israels mxolod mcne-baTa midevnis, sjulis aRsrulebis SemTxvevaSi aRuTqvams (amitomve mimarTavs: ukueTu isminoT...), TumcaRa, rogorc bibliis Zveli TargmanebisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli, ter-mini unificirebuli ar aris, mdgradi SesatyvisiT ar gad-modis da Seesabameba xan `Sens (uflis) Zeebs~, xanac ìah-ves xalxs~. CvenTvis sayuradReboa, rom bibliis gelaTur redaqciaSi `sazepuros~ nacvlad, rogorc wesi, gvaqvs ìyvneT erad Cemda~ da, rac Zalze damafiqrebelia, mxolod or xelnawerSi (A179 1669 wl.-sa da A51 XII-XVIII sk.-ebisa! es ukanaskneli sabas redaqciadaa cnobili)* dasturdeba Ses-ityvebiT èri sazepuro~. amave dros, K14-s mTargmneli da

* es Zalze sayuradReboa, radgan sakiTxavis xelnawerebic swored am peri-ods ganekuTvneba. SesaZloa kvlavac gviani gadamwer-redaqtorebis kvalic ikiTxebodes.

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gelaTis katenebiani bibliis erT-erTi avtori (Tu gadam-weri) erTi da igive piri Cans. magram Tuki SesaZloa, rom orive Zegli daukavSirdes nikoloz gulaberisZes (rac mecnierTa Soris ukve gamoTqmuli varaudia, meliqiSvili 1996: 18-22), usaTuod damafiqrebelia, rom `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~ da gelaTis biblia `sazepuro eris~ terminad xmarebis TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebas gviCvenebs. èbraul teqstSi sazepuro Seesabameba sityvas `segilla~, RmerTis Zirfasi sakuTreba, berZnulSi _ laoc periousiouc, gamorCeu-li, saukeTeso, aRmatebuli, araCveulebrivi xalxi~ (sula-va 2004: 22). niSandoblivia, rom bibliis muxli sabas mieraa Sesworebuli. Tavad sulxan-saba sazepuros amgvar axsnas gvTavazobs: `zeciuri purismte, RvTiuri purisa da mad-lis moziare~. es termini `qarTlis cxovrebaSic~ (swored leonti mrovelTan!) gvxvdeba: òi, dedao Cemo, ara ug-ulebelvyo eri igi sazepuro ufros yovelTa naTesavTa, meoxebiTa SeniTa maTTuis~ (qàrTlis cxovreba~ 1955: 38). nikoloz gulaberisZesTan ki vkiTxulobT: `winaswarve ga-nego (!) saxiersa mas amis samefosa erad sazepurod Semzade-ba da vinaTgan nawilica iyo yovladwmidisa RvTismSobli-sa, amisTvis ufrosRa Rirs iqmna amas saSinelsa madlsa ese kedari, amisTvisca ukue winaswarve warmoavlina madli Rv-Taebisa misisa, raTa pirveladve daiwindos kuarTiTa miT da madliTa RvTaebisa misisaTa~ (sabinini 1882: 77). safiqre-belia, rom sazepuro terminad nikoloz gulaberisZesTan an ̀ qarTlis cxovrebidan~ gadavida, an kvlavac saqme gvaqvs teqstis gviani gadamwerebis mier SecvlasTan (swored XVII saukunis CasworebebTan, rac moulodneli ara aris, radgan Zeglma swored aseTi saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde). TumcaRa, aq mniSvnelovania Tavad mesianuri idea. israels unda daecva mcneba, rom yofiliyo rCeuli eri; eris rCeuloba, axal ierusalimad RvTisave gangebulebiT qarTvelTa naTesav-is moazreba kvarTis ierusalimidan mcxeTas CamobrZanebi-Tac gamoixata, risTvisac mirian mefe sagangebod aRav-lens locvas (sabinini 1882: 97-98). uflis gangebulebiT, qarTvelTaTvis rCeulobis sawindari ara RvTis mcneba-Ta midevna, aramed RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilebaa. amave dros, umniSvnelovanesia, rom qarTveli eris sazepuro

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erad gamorCeva, RvTisave gangebulebiT, mis gaqristiane-bamde kvarTis CamobrZanebiTa da `samoelis Zalis~ qarT-lis SuagulSi _ warmarTuli qarTlis centrSi _ mcxeTa-Si daflviT _ damarcxebiT ganisazRvra: `xolo amisica saTanado ars TqmaÁ, raÁTa TÂT mebr eSmaknica mTavrisa mis da mamisa maTisa Tana ZarRv SeWril da mobryvilebul iqmnen. pirvelve ukuÀ amisTÂs warmoavlina wmidaÁ igi kuarTi naTeli naTelTa yovelTa mflobelisa cecxlisa mis RuTaebisa guamsa Semcueli da damfarveli, raTa ukuÀ dedasa mas qadaqTasa saSual mdebareobiTa viTarca cecx-li mucelsa Sina STagdebuli mZafriad uwyalod scvides samoels~ (sabinini 1882: 77). aqve erTi aspeqtic unda gamo-vkveToT, romelzedac nikoloz gulaberisZe amaxvilebs yuradRebas: mcxeTisa da qarTlis (qarTvelTa naTesavis) _ sazepuro eris èSmakTa sakrvelTagan~ gaTavisufleba (gansxvavebiT gamorCevisgan) moxdeba ara kvarTis qarTlSi SemosvlisTanave, aramed mxolod qarTvelTa moqcevisa da eklesiis Senebis Semdeg, e.i. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gani-wmindeba eri da uflis gangebulebasa da nebas eris nebac daemTxveva (sabinini 1882: 88-89).

Zalze sainteresoa, ra datvirTva aqvs ers Sesityveba-Si `sazepuro eri~ da ra leqsemas mimarTavs gulaberisZe dRevandeli eris mniSvnelobiT? vxvdebiT or ZiriTad termins _ ersa da naTesavs, TumcaRa erTgan gvaqvs termi-nic tomi. davakvirdeT magaliTebs: ùglimi naTesavi~ (sa-binini 1882: 72), `Tayuanisscemdes yovelnive igi erni~ (sa-binini 1882: 73), nino `tiroda ... tyue qmnilobisaTvis erisa mis ugulisxmosa~ (sabinini 1882: 73), `ganxrwnes eri Seni~ (sabinini 1882: 73), gamovida `mirian mefe yovlisa erisa Tana~ (74), èvedreboda, raiTa moxednes wyalobiT ersa mas SecTomilsa~ (sabinini 1882: 74), èsua mas deda tomisagan eli mRudlisa~ (sabinini 1882: 76), `winaswarve ganego sa-xiersa mas amis samefosa erad sazepurod Semzadeba~ (sabi-nini 1882: 77), `saqme didi ganisma ...da sacnaur eqmna...yov-elsa ersa~ (sabinini 1882: 77), `xolo Cueneba ese moaswaveb-da erisa mis Savisa da dabnelebulisa naTlisRebisa mier coduaTa ganspetakebasa, romelica ese mciredTa dReTa Semdgomad ufalman saqmiT gamoaCina, rameTu yoveli igi

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eri wmidisa ninos mier wylisagan aRmoSobiTa ganspetaknes~ (sabinini 1882: 78), `hyves Svidni dedani, naTesaviT uriani~ (sabinini 1882: 78), `mteri igi naTesavisa Cuenisa samoel am-partavnebiTa da zuaobiTa borotad daeca~ (sabinini 1882: 82), `yoveli eri SemsWualul iyo xeduasa missa~ (sabinini 1882:83), `dedofali yovlisa mis erisa Tana sixaruliT aqebdes~ (sabinini 1882: 83), `moaxlebul ars Jami warwyme-disa maTisa da amaT naTesavTa maTgan gaTavisuflebisa~ (sabinini 1882: 89), `qristianobisa ebgurad Rirsa qmnil ersa zeda sazepurosa wyaloba auracxelisa RvTisagan~ (sabinini 1882: 95) da a.S. amTaviTve SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom tomi moxmobil magaliTSi niSnavs Stos (`tomisagan eli mRudelisa~ _ eli mRvdlis Stosgan). swored amgvar-adaa Sesworebuli gelaTis bibliis `ricxvTa~ wignSi sxva redaqciebis `naTesavi~. moxmobili magaliTebidan gamom-dinare, naTesavi modgmas unda aRniSnavdes, xolo eri xalxsac (xalxis simravlesac) da modgmasac. bibliaSi eri da warmarTi opoziciuri wyvilia, romelTagan eri yov-elTvis RvTis rCeul xalxs _ israels aRniSnavs (meliqiS-vili 1999: 212). gelaTis katenebiani bibliis erT-erT sqo-lioSi tomisa da eris urTierTmimarTeba amgvaradaa war-moCenili: `tomi umetes gareSemcvelobiTi ars ufroÁs, vidre saxeli erisaÁ, vidremdis iyos tomobaÁ, vidremde geTsonisi saxelad, xolo misgan STamoslvaÁ _ erad ZeTa misTaÁ~ (A1108, f. 38r, Q1152, f. 94r). am SeniSvnaSi saintereso isaa, rom eri aq gagebulia ara rogorc zogadad `xalxi~, `krebuli~, aramed swored misi axali, Tanamedrove mniSv-nelobiT~ (meliqiSvili 1999: 213). SesaZloa davuSvaT, rom `sazepuro erSic~ eri gulisxmobs swored am terminis Ta-namedrove gaazrebas (èri aris istoriulad Camoyalibe-buli myari erToba, warmoSobili enis, teritoriis, ekono-miuri cxovrebisa da im fsiqikuri wyobis erTobis bazaze, romlis gamoxatulebaa kulturis erToba~, meliqiSvili 1999: 23). rogorc Cans, `sazepuro ers~ swored religiur-simboluri da politikur-ideologiuri terminis dat-virTva aqvs. nikoloz gulaberisZe, erTi mxriv, qarTvel moRvaweTa tradicias agrZelebs da sami urTierTganmapi-robebeli siwmindis _ kvarTis, svetisa da sakvirvelmoq-

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medi eklesiis madlmosilebis gamo qarTvel ers rCeul ers, axal ierusalims, sazepuro ers uwodebs (ufro metic, Tavadac qmnis axali ierusalimis xats). xolo, meore mxriv, elinofil avtorad rCeba da ar aviwydeba im RirsebaTa je-rovnad Sefaseba, rac berZenTa naTesavisTvis miumadlebia ufals. amave dros, arc wminda ninos Rvawlis damaknine-belTa gafrTxileba rCeba uyuradRebod: `daiyavn piri borotad da amaod damakninebeli qadagebisa da moqcevisa CuenisaTÂs bunebisa mier dedobrivisa, aramed ufroÁsad da umetesad vmoxarulobdeTca da vmoqalaqobdeT myued-rebelTa maT CuenTa mimarT ugunurebis momzraxTao~, rad-gan swored is aris Cveni eklesiis Rirseba, rac sxvaTagan misi pativis damaknineblad gamxdara.

damowmebani:

aleqsiZe 2007: aleqsiZe z. `moqcevai qarTlisai~. Tb.: 2007.akaki 1958: akakis TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 15 tomad. t.VIII, Tb.:

sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1958.bezaraSvili 2004: bezaraSvili q. ritorikisa da Targmanis Teoria da

praqtika. Tb. 2004.enciklopedia 1991: bibliis enciklopedia or tomad. t. II, m.: `centu-

rioni~, 1991.TamaraSvili 1995: TamaraSvil m. qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan

dRemde. gamosac. moamzada z. aleqsiZem. Tb.: 1995.kakabaZe 1966: kakabaZe s. SoTa rusTaveli da misi vefxistyaosani. Tb.:

ganaTleba, 1966.kekeliZe 1951: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria. t. I,

Tb.: stalinis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis gam-ba, 1951.kekeliZe 1957: kekeliZe k. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-

toriidan. t. IV, Tb.: 1957.leqsikoni-cnobari 1984: qarTuli mwerloba leqsikoni-cnobari.

wigni I, Tb.: `ganaTleba~, 1984.locvani 2004: fsalmunni da locvani. Tb.: àkriani~ 2004.meliqiSvili 1996: meliqiSvili d. gelaTis saliteraturo skolis

enobrivi stilis erTianobisa da individualurobis sakiTxisaTvis. Jurn. gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani, № 2, 1996.

meliqiSvili 1999: meliqiSvili d. Zveli qarTuli filosofiur-Te-ologiuri terminologiis istoriidan. Tb.: `logosi~, 1999.

metreveli 1998: metreveli e. aTonis qarTvelTa monastris saaRape wigni. Tb.: 1998.

metreveli 2000a: metreveli r. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqe-bi. Tb.: nekeri; 2000.

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metreveli 2000b: metreveli r. saqarTvelos mefeebi. Tb.: nekeri; 2000.

niJaraZe 1962: niJaraZe b. svanuri miTebi. t.I., Tb.: 1962.sabinini 1882: sabinini m. saqarTvelos samoTxe, nikoloz gula-

berisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavi~, siraZe 1992: siraZe r. qristianuli kultura da qarTuli mwerloba

Tb.: 1992.siraZe 1987: siraZe r. qarTuli agiografia. Tb.: `nakaduli~, 1987.sulava 2004: sulava n. terminis `sazepuro eri~ interpretaciis-

Tvis, Jurn. literatura da xelovneba, I, Tb.: 2004. qadagiZe 2001: qadagiZe. Tamar mefisdroindeli matiane. Tb.: 2001.`qarTlis cxovreba~ 1955: s. yauxCiSvilis redaqciiT, t.I, saxelgami,

Tb.: 1955.qxa I,2: 1976: qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. k. kekeliZis saxelobis

qarTul xelnawerTa institutis gamocema. Tb.: 1976.RvTismsaxuris...1989: didmowame ipolite romaelis sityva RvTis

gancxadebaze. RvTismsaxuris samagido wigni, oTx tomad. t. I, m.: 1989.CxartiSvili 2007: CxartiSvili m. hierotopia `wminda ninos

cxovrebaSi~. literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove problemebi (masalebi). Tb.: 2007.

cxadaZe... 1960: cxadaZe q. ucnobi avtoris `ninos cxovreba~. kr.: k. kekeliZe _ 80, Tb.: 1960.

Zveli qarTuli...1978: Zveli qarTuli literaturis Zeglebi. `msof-lio literaturis biblioTeka~, red. iv. lolaSvili. Tb.: gamomc. `sabW. saqarTvelo~, 1978.

Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. t.I, Tb.: 1964.

WeliZe ed. 1998: WeliZe ed. ioane petriwis cxovreba da moRvaweoba. J. religia, I-II, 1998.

javaxiSvili 1983: javaxiSvili iv. qarTveli eris istoria. t. II, Tb.: 1983.

Ekaterine Chikvaidze

Nikoloz Gulaberisdze’s “Miracles of Svetiskhoveli” and the Life of St. Nino

Summary

One of the editions of Saint Nino’s Life is included in the collection of works known as Kartlis Tskho�reba (The History of Kartli 19 55:72-130) by Leonti Mroveli, historian of the 2nd half of the 11th century. Later, in the 2nd half of the 12th century this was the very edition of the life of virgin enlightener of Apostolic Standing that Nikoloz Gulaberisdze used

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in the Miracles of S�etitskho�eli (Sabinini 1882:69-119), therefore the piece is notable in respect of evaluation of St. Nino’s ordeals as well. Gulaberisdze is the author of Tamar’s epoch who not only describes but also e�aluates Nino – a lady and the enlightener of Georgians. It must be mentioned from very beginning that Gulaberisdze did not have the objec-tive of depicting St. Nino’s life. The work has an entirely different goal. K. Kekelidze indicates that “in this work Ninoloz’s aim was to describe the miracles of Svetitskhoveli during the conversion of Georgians and onwards. Since the Svetitskhoveli story occupies a central place in Nino’s life it is self-e�ident that the author could not bypass the description of Nino’s life” (Kekelidze 19 51:298). Miracles of Svetitskhoveli has the following composition: 1. Preface; 2. Founding of Orthodox Apostolic Church in Kartli (Saint Nino’s life – story about the �obe; miracles of the pillar (“S�eti”) and S�etitskho�eli)); 3. Eulogizing S�etitskho�eli. Mir-acles of Svetitskhoveli is divided in three notional sections in linguistic and stylistic respect as well. These are: preface (introduction), Nino’s life and Nino’s later miracles (“Gikharodenit”). Miracles of Svetitskhoveli is a homiletic genre work, namely, it is a festive sermon. Although a fairly long episode from Saint Nino’s life is included in the work we can not say that the icon of the saint is established. For the author not the gen-eralization of Saint Nino’s ordeals is important, not showing her, for ex-ample, as an icon, but the result of the ordeals by a Virgin and Enlightener of Apostolic Standing – founding of the “Oriental Georgian Orthodox Church”. Through the inclusion of Saint Nino’s acts of faith in the work Gulaberisdze aims to establish the Svetitskhoveli feast and it is based on free compilation. Generally, the compilation in ecclesiastical works is a common phenomena, although the one that has not been researched for some reason. (The trace of compilation is evident in numerous translated or original works). Saint Nino is not a central figure of Gulaberisdze’s work. It is not only the ordeal of just and only of the enlightener of Geor-gians’ (despite K. Kekelidze’s indication that the work provides an “in-terpretation and evaluation of Nino’s ordeal and her life in Georgia”) that is depicted in the piece, Nikoloz bases this interpretation and evaluation on the goal of the compilation of the Svetitskhoveli Miracles. (Kekelidze 1951: 105).

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Targmanebi

darejan menabde

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ ucxour enebze

qarTuli mwerlobis erT-erTi uZvelesi Zegli `mo-qcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ ramdenime ucxour enazea Targmnili. winamdebare naSromi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Targmanebisa da wminda ninos Sesaxeb ucxour enebze gamoqveynebuli masalebis Tavmoyra-mimoxilvis cdaa. rasakvirvelia, erT naSromSi mTeli masalis srulyofilad damuSaveba Seu-Zlebelia. Cveni mizani arcaa calkeuli gamokvlevebisa Tu Targmanebis Sefaseba; es momavlis saqmea. amjerad Cveni amocanaa ucxour enebze dastambuli masalis aRnusxva-klasifikacia. naSromi, rogorc iTqva, Semoifargleba `mo-qcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ TargmanebiT, agreTve im gamokvleve-biTa Tu gamocemebiT, romlebic wminda ninos Sesaxeb dai-beWda ucxour enebze. enciklopediebsa da leqsikonebSi daculi masalebis Seswavla ki samomavlo saqmed gvesaxeba. aq warmodgenilia yvela is masala, romelzec xeli migvi-wvda – rusul, germanul, frangul, inglisur, italiur, polonur, ungrul da berZ-nul enebze gamoqveynebuli Targmanebi da gamokvlevebi.

cnobebi wminda ninosa da saqarTvelos gaqristiane-bis Sesaxeb adreve gvxvdeba rusul wyaroebSi. t. ruxaZis mixedviT, `wm. ninos cxovreba~ rusul mwerlobaSi sami versiiTaa cnobili: matianiseuli (1512 w.), prolog-svi-naqsarisa (27 oqtombris `sakiTxavi~) da stefane aTonelis `Рай мысленный~-Si CarTuli (1659 w.)~ (ruxaZe 1961: 113-115). magram gansakuTrebul dainteresebas wminda ninos Temis-admi, cnobil istoriul garemoebaTa gamo, rusebi XIX sau-kunidan iCenen; wminda ninos saxeli ixsenieba TiTqmis yvela saeklesio kalendarSi, ibeWdeba wminda ninos `cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva varianti, umetesad gardaTqma-perifrazebi.

XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan rusul gamocemebSi gaCn-da wminda ninos cxovrebis mokle aRwerilobebi, romlebic

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rus mkiTxvels warmodgenas uqmnida saqarTvelos gaqris-tianebisa da wminda ninos Sesaxeb (Воскреснее чтение 1841: 294-296; selezniovi 1844a: 31-33; selezniovi 1844b: 33-34; ioseliani 1845; yifiani 1849).

Cvens xelT arsebuli masalebiT irkveva, rom `wm. ninos cxovrebis~ yvelaze adrindeli rusuli Targmani ekuTvnis cnobil sazogado moRvawes dimitri yifians (1811-1887). `Нина – Просветительница Грузии~ (`nino _ saqarTvelos gan-manaTlebeli~) gamoqveynda 1849 wels, mTargmnelis winasi-tyvaobiTa da komentarebiT (yifiani 1849). `nino _ saqarT-velos ganmanaTlebeli~, faqtobrivad, ninos mier qarT-lis moqcevis gviandeli redaqciis Targmania. d. yifianis Targmanze darTul komentarebSi aris cda zogierTi wya-roseuli cnobisa Tu adre gamoTqmul calkeul Tvalsaz-risTa dazusteba-gadasinjvisa.

XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi sanqt-peterburgSi ibe-Wdeboda `Жития святых Российской церкви, также иверских и славянских~ (`ruseTis eklesiis, agreTve iverTa da slavTa wmindanebis cxovrebani~) (muraviovi 1860: 367-379: 367-379), romelSic 1856-1860 wlebSi gamoqveynda saqarTvelos eklesiis TiTqmis yvela wmindanis cxovreba-wamebaTa mok-le aRwerilobebi. am krebulebis Semdgeneli iyo andria nikolozis Ze muraviovi (1806-1874), mwerali da mecnieri, kavkasiis mefisnacvlis n. n. muraviovis (karskis) Zma, ro-melmac Seiswavla saqarTvelos siZveleni da aRwera wignSi `Грузия и Армения~ (sxvaTa Soris, a. muraviovi am wignSic ex-eba saqarTvelos gaqristianebisa da wm. ninos Temas) (mu-raviovi 1848). aRniSnul krebulebSi ibeWdeboda `Житие св. Нины, просветительницы Грузии~ (`saqarTvelos ganmanaT-leblis wm. ninos cxovreba~). es gamocemebi imdroindel ruseTSi popularobiT sargeblobda: `Сочинения Муравева были первыми на русском языке книгами духовного содержания, получившими распространение в среде высшего русского общества~ (brokhauzi... 1897: 189).

aRniSnulma gamocemebma, Cans, ruseTSi kidev ufro ga-zarda interesi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis sakiTxebisa da wminda ninos misioneruli moRvaweobisadmi, rasac mow-mobs is wignebi, romlebic mravlad ibeWdeboda moskovSi,

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peterburgsa da sxva qalaqebSi.1886 wels moskovSi daibeWda wigni: `Житие святой

равноапостольной Нины, просветительницы Грузии~ (`cxovreba saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblis, mociqulTa sworis wm. nino-si~) (`cxovreba saqarTvelos....~ 1886), romelSic moTxro-bilia ara marto wminda ninos cxovrebisa da saqarTvelos gaqristianebis istoria. es wigni rus mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTvelos, RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveyanas, sadac Tavad RvTismSobelma gamogzavna qristianobis gasavr-celeblad mociqulTa swori qali. wigns axlavs damateba, romelSic gadmocemulia saqarTvelos istoriis calkeu-li momentebi, wminda ninos jvris saqarTvelodan gatanisa da Semdeg ukan dabrunebis istoria. amis Semdeg `wm. ninos cxovreba~ rusul enaze ramdenjerme zedized gamoica odesaSi (`cxovreba saqarTvelos...~ 1890; 1894; 1900; 1915). es iyo saeklesio gamocemebi _ gankuTvnili morwmuneTaT-vis, Sedgenili 1886 wlis moskovuri gamocemis mixedviT.

rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis wminda ninosa da sxva qarTvel wmindanTa cxovreba-moRvaweobis gacnobaSi gansakuTrebulia m. sabininis damsaxureba. mixeil (gob-ron) sabinini (1845-1900) iyo mwerali, sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos siZveleTa kargi mcodne da mkvlevari. 1882 wels sanqt-peterburgSi man dabeWda wigni `saqarTvelos samoTxe~, romelSic pirvelad warmodga sruli saxiT V-XVIII saukuneebis qarTuli hagiografia. sxva Txzule-bebTan erTad wignSi Setanilia leonti mrovelis `ninos cxovreba~ (sabinini 1882: 119-152) da `daujdomeli wmidisa da mociqulisa ninasi~ (sabinini 1882: 156-167), magram ufro adre, _ jer kidev 1870-ian wlebSi, _ m. sabininma rusul enaze gamosca ̀ Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви~ (`saqarTvelos eklesiis wmindanebis cxovrebaTa sruli aRweriloba~), romelic sam nawilad daibeWda sanqt-peter-burgSi (avtoriseuli gamocema) (sabinini 1871; 1872; 1873). am gamocemam Tavis droze mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula, magram Tanamedrove mkiTxvels amgvari Targmanebi ukve ve-Rar akmayofilebs (menabde 1992: 115).

1877 wels gamovida m. sabininis kidev erTi wigni: ̀ История грузинской церкви до конца VI века~ (`saqarTvelos eklesiis

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istoria VI saukunis dasasrulamde~), romlis meore TavSi (`Принятие грузинами христианства~) avtori vrclad msjelobs wminda ninosa da saqarTvelos gaqristianebis sakiTxebze (sabinini 1877; 2003: 32-65).

im periodSi rusul enaze qarTvelma mecnierebmac ga-moaqveynes araerTi naSromi saqarTvelos gaqristianebisa da wminda ninos Sesaxeb. esenia: p. ioselianis ̀ Жизнеописание святых, прославляемых православною грузинскою церковью~ (iose-liani 1850), d. furcelaZis `О праздниках, установленных православною грузинскою церковью~ (furcelaZe 1862), a. xaxa-naSvilis `Очерки по истории грузинской словесности~ (xaxanaS-vili 1897), m. janaSvilis `История грузинской церкви~ (janaS-vili 1898), i. javaxiSvilis `Проповедническая деятельность апостола Андрея и св. Нины в Грузии~ (javaxiSvili 1901) da sxv.

es epoqa imiTac iyo mniSvnelovani, rom ruseTis sazoga-doebisaTvis, rusi mkiTxvelisTvis qarTuli mwerlobis gacnobis mizniT XIX saukunis dasasruls mTargmnelobiT saqmianobaSi CaerTvnen cnobili qarTveli mecnierebi. ma-galiTad, a. cagarelma rusul enaze Targmna `sibrZne sic-ruisa~ (1878), n. marma _ `petre iberis cxovreba~ (1869), i. javaxiSvilma `balavariani~ (1899), e. TayaiSvilma `moq-cevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (1900) da a. S. (menabde 1992: 111). miuxe-davad imisa, rom rusul enaze wminda ninos Sesaxeb ukve bevri wigni arsebobda, e. TayaiSvilis Rvawli ganuzomelia qarTuli mwerlobis umniSvnelovanesi Zeglis _ ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ _ popularizaciis saqmeSi.

1890 wels eqvTime TayaiSvilma (1863-1953) qarTul enaze gamoaqveyna Tavisi fundamenturi gamokvleva `sami isto-riuli xronika~ (TayaiSvili 1890), romlis SedgenilobaSi Sedioda ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁc~. v. donduas sityviT, ̀ arse-biTad amiT daiwyo TayaiSvilma Tavisi mravalwlovani samecniero sarbieli da amiTve daasrula... ukve pirveli cda misi beWdviTi gamosvlisa... saintereso Cans da erTg-vari samanis damdebia misi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis gzaze~ (dondua 1966: 60).

esmoda ra `sami xronikis~ didi mniSvneloba saqarTve-los istoriisaTvis, mkvlevarma igi rusulad Targmna

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da 1900 wels kidec dabeWda cnobil organoSi `Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племён Кавказа~, вып. X, VIII (TayaiSvili 1900: 1-126). imave wels es naSromi calke wignad daibeWda. al. baramiZis azriT, e. TayaiSvilis mier masalebisa da àRwerilobaTa rusulad Sedgenas albaT imanac Seuwyo xeli, rom maTi publikacia ikisra cnobilma organom СМОМПК~ (baramiZe 1966: 139).

e. TayaiSvilis nawerebidan kargad Cans, Tu ra mniSv-nelobas aniWebda igi am masalebis rusulad Targmnas da ramden dros uTmobda samuSaos: `naSromis rusul enaze gamocema CemTvis nivTierad sasargeblo iyo (gasamrjelod gverdSi TiTo maneTs iZleodnen), magram saqmisaTvis sazaralo gamodga: qarTulad rom mekeTebina, yvela xel-naweris aRwera-gamocemas movaswrebdi, rusulad Targmnas didi dro undoda~ (TayaiSvili 1968: 183). sxvagan ki werda: `Cven am naSromis rusul enaze gamocema gadavwyviteT, raTa masala xelmisawvdomi yofiliyo aRmosavleTmcodne-Ta farTo wreebisaTvis~ (TayaiSvili 1904: 11).

e. TayaiSvilis mTargmnelobiT principebze Tavi-si mosazrebebi gamoTqva m. bancaZem. misi dakvirvebiT: `rusul TargmanSi, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, mocemuli ar aris is vrceli, gamokvlevis tolfasi, winasityvaoba, sadac e. TayaiSvili msjelobs wyaroTa warmomavlobaze, xelnawerebze, arsebul uzustobasa Tu sxva mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze. aq samive qronikis mxolod teqstebia mocemu-li, Tumca sakmaod didi adgili eTmoba sqolioebs, sadac e. TayaiSvili cdilobs, rac SeiZleba srulad mimoixilos yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romlebic uSualod aris dakavSirebuli teqstTan. am wesiT igi SeZlebisdagvarad srulad moicavs qarTuli winasityvaobis mniSvnelovan nawils, dakavSirebuls ara marto teqstTan, aramed mis ir-gvliv arsebul sakiTxTanac xelnawerTa aRwerilobis CaT-vliT. TviTon teqsti `qronikisa~ e. TayaiSvils uTargm-nia zedmiwevniT zustad, didi gulisyuriT~ (bancaZe 2001: 132).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ rusuli Targmanis moculoba orjer aRemateba qarTul teqsts, radgan didi adgili aqvs daTmobili komentarebs. e. TayaiSvili gansakuTrebul

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mniSvnelobas aniWebs Targmnili teqstis sizustes da TiTqmis sityvasityviT misdevs dedans.

oTxmocdaaTi wlis Semdeg `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ e. TayaiSviliseuli Targmani gamoica seriiT `Источники по истории Грузии~. teqsti gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvle-va da komentarebi daurTo m. CxartiSvilma (CxartiSvili 1989).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ e. TayaiSviliseuli Targma-nis Sedgeniloba aseTia: [Глава I] ([Tavi: a:]) (CxartiSvili 1989: 23-30); [Глава II] ([Tavi: b:]) (CxartiSvili 1989: 30-31); [Глава III], `Житие святой Нино~ ([Tavi: g:]), `cxorebaÁ wmidi-sa ninoÁsi~ (CxartiSvili 1989: 31-34); Глава IV, `Записанное тою же Саломе Уджармели~ (Tavi: d: àRwerili misve salome ujarmelisaÁ~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 34-37); Глава VI, `Прибытие святой Нино в Мцхета. Записанное тою же Саломе Уджармели~ (Tavi: v: `mowevnaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi mcxeTad, aRwerili mi-xeTad, aRwerili mi-eTad, aRwerili mi-sive salome ujarmelisaÁ~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 37-40); Глава VII, `Описанное женщиной еврейкой по имени Сидония, дочерью священника Авиатара~ (Tavi: z: `romeli aRwera dedakacman huriaman, saxeliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisa-uriaman, saxeliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisa-xeliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisa-eliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisa-biaTar mRdelisa-iaTar mRdelisa-man~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 40-43); Глава VIII, `Сказанное той же Женщиной Сидонией~ (Tavi: À: ̀ Tqumuli sidoniaÁsive dedaka-cisaÁ~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 43-44); Глава IX, `Сказанное ею же~ (Tavi: [T:], ̀ Tqumuli misive~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 45-48); Глава XI, `Сказанное ею же~ (Tavi: ia: `Tqumuli misive~) (CxartiSvi-xartiSvi-artiSvi-li 1989: 48-49); Глава XII, `Сказанное Авиатаром, который сперва был священником евреев в Мцхета и [потом] принял крещение при содействии Нино~ (Tavi: ib:, `romeli Tqua abiaTar, romeli iyo pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-yo pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-o pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-baginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-aginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-huriaTasa mcxeTas da na-uriaTasa mcxeTas da na-xeTas da na-eTas da na-TeliRo Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 49-50); Глава XIII, `О честном кресте, описанное Яковом~, (Tavi: ig: `pa-tiosnisa juarisaTÂs, romeli aRwera iakob~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 51-52); Глава XIV, `Воздвижение и открытие честного креста Мцхетского~ (Tavi: id: àRmarTebaÁ patiosnisa juarisa mcx-juarisa mcx-uarisa mcx-x-eTisaÁ da merme kualad gamoCinebaÁ~) (CxartiSvili 1989: 53-56); [Глава XV], `Письмо, которое написал перед смертью царь Грузии Миреан~ ([Tavi: ie: `wigni, romeli dawera mirean mefe-man qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudilisasa~) (CxartiSvili 1989:

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56-58); `Завещание царя Миреана сыну своему Реву и супруге своей Нане~ (ànderZi mirean mefisaÁ Zisa TÂsisa mimarT revisa da colisa TÂsisa nanaÁsa~* (CxartiSvili 1989: 58).

winasityvaobaSi m. CxartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-yvaobaSi m. CxartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-vaobaSi m. CxartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-baSi m. CxartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-aSi m. CxartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-xartiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-artiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `Targ-mani Sesrulebulia maRalprofesiul doneze, maqsimalu-bulia maRalprofesiul doneze, maqsimalu-ulia maRalprofesiul doneze, maqsimalu-rad axlosaa originalTan da mTlianobaSi dRemde inarCu-baSi dRemde inarCu-aSi dRemde inarCu-nebs mecnierul Rirebulebas~ (CxartiSvili 1989: 9).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ e. TayaiSviliseulma Targmanma marTlac mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula qarTuli mwerlo-bis popularizaciaSi. am Targmans maRali Sefaseba misces n. marma (kavilaZe... 1991) da i. javaxiSvilma (javaxiSvili 1904: 344-345). aRniSnuli Targmani imiTac gamoirCeoda wminda ninos Sesaxeb manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa-inda ninos Sesaxeb manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa-ninos Sesaxeb manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa- Sesaxeb manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa-Sesaxeb manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa- manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa-manamde gamoqveynebuli masalebisa- gamoqveynebuli masalebisa-gamoqveynebuli masalebisa- masalebisa-masalebisa-gan, rom iyo maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec-, rom iyo maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec-rom iyo maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec- iyo maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec-iyo maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec- maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec-maRalprofesiul doneze Sesrulebuli samec- doneze Sesrulebuli samec-doneze Sesrulebuli samec- Sesrulebuli samec-Sesrulebuli samec- samec-samec-niero Targmani, romelmac mTeli epoqa Seqmna `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstis rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis gac-teqstis rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis gac- rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis gac-rusulenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis gac- mkiTxvelisaTvis gac-mkiTxvelisaTvis gac- gac-gac-nobis TvalsazrisiT.

germaniaSi XVIII saukunis 80-iani wlebidan gaCnda in-teresi qarTuli literaturisadmi. araerTi mecnieri – i. adleri, f. alteri, i. adelungi, f. bodenStedti, a. laisti, i. Seri, a. baumgartneri, f. finki, o. hauzeri, a. baumStarki da sxv. _ Seexo saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli kultu-risa da mwerlobis sakiTxebs (reviSvili 1977: 144-187). erT-erTi yvelaze adrindeli gamokvleva 1897 wels dai-beWda fraiburgSi – aleqsandre baumgartneris `msoflio literaturis istoriis~ ortomeuli, romelSic calke Ta-vadaa gamoyofili `qarTuli literatura~ (baumgartneri 1897: 256-268). wignis sqolioebidan irkveva, rom avtors usargeblia m. broses, a. laistisa da d. baqraZis SromebiT. a. baumgartneri gadmogvcems uZveles cnobebs mirianis mefobis dros saqarTveloSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb.

1911 wels gamoqveynda anton baumStarkis naSromi `qar-Tuli literatura~, romelSic mimoxilulia qarTuli sasuliero mwerloba. aq sxva qarTvel wmindanebTan er-

* aq da Semdeg `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Tavebis saxelwodebebi damowmebu-lia wignidan: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni I (V-X ss.), Tb.: 1964.

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Tad ixsenieba wminda nino, rogorc qarTveli xalxis gan-manaTlebeli, xolo Cveni mwerlobis uZveles ZeglTa Soris dasaxelebulia ̀ moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~, romelic, a. baumStar-kis SefasebiT, ùZvirfasesi wyaroa erovnuli istoriis adrindeli saukuneebis Sesaswavlad~ (baumStarki 1911: 99-110). gerhardt deetersis azriT ki, qarTuli mwerlo-bis dasawyisi warmarTobis dacemas da qristianobis gavr-celebas unda ukavSirdebodes (deetersi 1963: 129-155) da a. S.

germaniaSi, germanul enaze, ibeWdeboda ara mxolod germanel, aramed iq moRvawe qarTvel mecnierTa gamokv-levebic.

saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis gavrcelebasa da wminda ninos misionerul moRvaweobas exeba cnobili saeklesio moRvawis, Teologis, istorikosisa da filo-logis miqel TarxniSvilis (1897-1958) germanul enaze gamoqveynebuli naSromebi, romlebSic didi adgili eTmo-ba saqarTvelos eklesiisa da sasuliero mwerlobis isto-riis Seswavlas.

Tavis gamokvlevebSi m. TarxniSvili cdilobda evro-peli mecnierebisa da, saerTod, dainteresebuli mkiTx-velisaTvis gaecno saqarTvelos eklesia, kultura, is-toria da literatura. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa misi erT-erTi adrindeli naSromi `Das Christentum in Georgien~ (`qristianoba saqarTveloSi~) (TarxniSvili 1936), romel-Sic mimoxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis ganviTarebis gza. werilSi warmoCenilia wminda ninos istoriuli roli saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebaSi da misi adgili saqarTvelos istoriaSi. m. TarxniSvili iqve aRniSnavda, rom `...RvTivkurTxeuli moRvaweobis Semdeg wm. nino gar-daicvala qalaq bodbeSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, sadac igi qristes sjuls qadagebda, da iqve iqna dakrZaluli. mis saflavs dRemde did pativs scemen. qarTulma eklesiam wm. ninos miakuTvna sapatio saxeli `mociqulTa swori~. mis xsenebas dResaswauloben 14 ianvars. RvTisadmi da Tavisi xalxisadmi mxurvale siyvarulis niSnad wm. ninom dagvi-tova wminda jvari, romelsac dResac Tayvans scemen mor-wmuneni Tbilisis sakaTedro taZarSi~ (TarxniSvili 1994:

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33).gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia m. TarxniSvilis naSromebi

`wminda ninos legenda da qarTuli erovnuli Segnebis is-toria~ (1940) da `wminda nino, qarTlis ganmanaTlebeli~ (1953), romlebSic mkvlevarma araerTi saintereso sakiTxi wamoWra.

werilSi `Die Legende der heiligen Nino und die Geschichte des georgischen Nationalbewußtseins~ (`wminda ninos legenda da qar-Tuli erovnuli Segnebis istoria~) (TarxniSvili 1940: 40-75; TarxniSvili 1994: 104-132), ganixilavs ra qarTul da ucxour wyaroebSi dacul cnobebs wminda ninos Sesaxeb, avtori askvnis, rom wminda nino istoriuli pirovnebaa da `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ cnobebi sinamdviles Seesabameba. m. TarxniSvilis sityviT, ̀ ninos bedi mWidrod iyo dakavSire-buli qarTveli eris bedTan. Zvelma warmarTulma Sexedu-lebam, romlis mixedviTac monisa da qalis mniSvneloba damdablebuli iyo, nino raRac drois ganmavlobaSi uka-na planze gadaswia, magram gamoRviZebulma religiur-erovnulma TviTSegnebam, romelmac qristianul moZRvre-baSi adamianTa Tanasworobisa da qalis RirsebisaTvis mniSvnelovani dasayrdeni hpova, igi kvlav dagvibruna da masTan erTad XII s-is òqros xana~ gvaCuqa~ (TarxniSvili 1994: 132). iqve mkvlevari ganixilavs n. maris, s. kakabaZis, i. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZisa da p. peetersis calkeul mosazrebebs da ayalibebs sakuTar Sexedulebebs.

naSromSi `Die heilige Nino, Bekehrerin �on Georgien~ (`wminda nino – qarTlis ganmanaTlebeli~) (TarxniSvili 1953: 572-581; TarxniSvili 1994: 299-308) m. TarxniSvili upirispird-eba somex mecniers n. akinians, romelsac tendenciuri mosazrebebi hqonda qarTlis gaqristianebasa da wminda ninos moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT.

1951 wels `kaTolikuri enciklopediis~ me-6 tomSi gamoqveynda miqel TarxniSvilis statia `saqarTvelo~ (TarxniSvili 1951: 64-79; 1994: 227-249). statiaSi calke Ta-vadaa gamoyofili qarTuli literatura (III T.), romelSic avtorma gamoTqva kidev erTi saintereso mosazreba qarT-lis moqcevisa da wminda ninos moRvaweobis Taobaze: `VIII s-es ganekuTvneba `kolael yrmaTa wameba,~, `wm. abo Tbile-

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lis wameba~ da, savaraudoa, leonti mrovelis istoriuli nawarmoebic, romelSic Sedis mefeTa cxovreba da qarT-lis moqceva. moqcevis idea unda miekuTvnebodes diakvan grigols, romelic VII s-mde cxovrobda. sxvadasxva varian-tiT SemogvrCa legenda wm. ninos Sesaxeb~ (TarxniSvili 1994: 235).

m. TarxniSvilis monawileobiT germanul enaze gamoi-ca kidev erTi wigni _ `nino mociquli~. wignis gamomce-meli iyo nikoloz janeliZe (1921-1993), m. TarxniSvilis erT-erTi mowafe, SemdgomSi hamburgisa da kilis uni-versitetebis leqtori. n. janeliZem hamburgis axlos, qalaq itcehoeSi, daaarsa gamomcemloba `saqarTvelo~ (`georgiSe ferlag `saqarTvelo~), sadac araerTi qarTu-li wignis Targmani daibeWda germanul enaze (`qarTuli zRaprebi~, 1974; `vefxistyaosnis~ Semoklebuli prozauli gardaTqma – l. pepe-gegelaSvilTan erTad, 1984 da sxv.). am gamomcemlobaSi 1961 wels germanul enaze daibeWda wig-ni `Die Apostolin Nino~ (`nino mociquli~) (`nino mociquli~ 1961: 53), romelsac, rogorc g. SaraZe wers, safuZvlad daedo `cxovrebaÁ da moqalaqeobaÁ Rirsisa da mociqulTa sworisa netarisa ninoÁsi~ (SaraZe 1991: 485). ai, ras iuwye-boda `kavkasionSi~ gamoqveynebuli mokle anotacia ger-manuli gamocemis Sesaxeb: `yvela wigns Tavisi daniSnuleba aqvs. nikoloz janeliZes ganuzraxavs da ganuxorcielebia kidec germanelebisaTvis miewodebia nimuSi imisa, Tu sa-qarTvelo dasavleTis kulturasTan rogor iyo gadab-muli, da kerZod, qristianobis meoxebiT~ (kavkasioni 1964: 140). n. janeliZis mier gamocemuli wignakis Sedarebam `ni-nos cxovrebis~ redaqciebTan dagvarwmuna, rom aRniSnuli Targmanis safuZvelia XIII saukunis ucnobi avtoriseuli redaqcia wminda ninos `cxovrebisa~.

1958 wels miunxenSi qarTul enaze gamovida mindia la-Sauris (1901-1992) wignaki `wm. nino qarTvelTa ganmanaTle-beli da qristianobis roli saqarTveloSi~ (laSauri 1958), romelSic iv. javaxiSvilis, d. baqraZis, p. ingoroyvas, l. meliqseT-begis, mix. wereTlisa da sxvaTa samecniero naS-romebis safuZvelze Seswavlilia wminda ninos saqarT-veloSi Semosvlisa da misioneruli moRvaweobis sakiTxe-

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bi. naSroms axlavs vrceli reziume germanul enaze: `Die heilige Nino, die Erleuchterin der Georgier und die �olle des Christen-tums in Georgien~ (laSauri 1958: 31-32).

1975 wels parizSi gamomaval JurnalSi `bedi qarTlisa~ (`reviu de karTveloloJi~) gamoqveynda `moqcevaÁ qarT-lisaÁs~ germanuli Targmani, Sesrulebuli gertrud pe-Cis (1910-1993) mier (peCi 1975: 288-337). Targmanis sruli saTauria `Die Bekehrung Georgiens. Mokce�ay Kartlisay (Verfasser unbekannt)~. Targmani moicavs 47 gverds, axlavs mTargmne-lis orgverdiani winasityvaoba. esaa maRal doneze Ses-rulebuli mecnieruli Targmani, romlis avtori winasi-tyvaobaSi cdilobs, germanulenovan mkiTxvels naTeli warmodgena Seuqmnas teqstsa da mis problematikaze; saub-robs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberdul da WeliSur xel-nawerebze, qronologiaze, gamocemebsa da gamomcemlebze (e. TayaiSvili, s. yubaneiSvili...). iqve mokled mimoxilu-lia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Sesaxeb arsebuli samecniero literatura (i. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, p. ingoroyva, m. lorTqifaniZe...) da TxzulebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva istoriul-literaturuli problemebi. g. peCi sagange-bod msjelobs saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebaze, wminda ninos misioneruli moRvaweobis mniSvnelobasa da ninos kultis aRmocenebaze (peCi 1975: 288-290).

winasityvaobidanve irkveva, rom Targmani Sesrulebu-lia `Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zegle-bis~ I tomisa da e. TayaiSviliseuli qarTuli da rusuli gamocemebis safuZvelze (peCi 1975: 289), amasTanave, mTargm-nels gamouyenebia sulxan-saba orbelianis `leqsikoni qarTuli~, qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni da sxv. (peCi 1975: 290).

g. peCis Targmanis originalTan Sedareba cxadyofs, rom es aris `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberduli redaqciis sityvasityviTi Targmani, Sesrulebuli maRali profe-sionalizmiTa da kompetenturobiT. Targmans axlavs moz-rdili sqolioebi, romlebSic Satberduli redaqciis nak-luli adgilebi Sevsebulia WeliSuri redaqciis TxrobiT. sqolioebSi aseve mocemulia teqstis gansxvavebuli vari-antebi, ganmartebebi da komentarebi. qarTulidan ger-

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manul enaze gadatanilia bibliur wyaroTa miTiTebebic, rac kidev ufro srulyofil warmodgenas uqmnis mkiTx-vels `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstze. sworadaa Targmnili pirTa da geografiuli saxelebi, msgavsad originalisa, Targmanic dayofilia Tavebad da qveTavebad: Kapitel 1 _ [Tavi: a:] (peCi 1975: 290-301); Kapitel 2 Àls aber im Glauben an die heilige Dreifaltigkeit ihren Lauf za Ende brachte~ _ [Tavi: b:] `xolo odes daasrula srbaÁ TÂsi sarwmunoebasa zeda wmidisa samebisasa~ (peCi 1975: 302-304); Kapitel 3, `Das Leben der heili-gen Nino~ _ [Tavi: g:] `cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~ (peCi 1975: 304-307); Kapitel 4 `�on derselben Salome �on Užarma aufgezeich-net~ _ [Tavi: d:] àRwerili misve salome uJarmelisaÁ~ (peCi 1975: 307-311); Kapitel 6 `Die Ankunft der heiligen Nino in Mcxeta, aufgezeichnet �on derselben Salome �on Užarma~ _ [Tavi: v:] `mow-evnaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi mcxeTad, aRwerili misive salome uJarmelisaÁ~ (peCi 1975: 311-314); _ Kapitel 7 `Das eine Jüdis-che Frau mit Namen Sidonia, die Tochter des Priesters Abiatar, aufgeze-ichnet hat~ _ [Tavi: z:] `romeli aRwera dedakacman huriaman, saxeliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisaman~ (peCi 1975: 315-318); Kapitel 8 `von derselben Frau Sidonia erzählt~ _ [Tavi: À:] `Tqumuli sidoniaÁsive dedakacisaÁ~ (peCi 1975: 318-320); kapitel 9 `Von derselben erzählt~ _ [Tavi: T:] `Tqumuli misive~ (peCi 1975: 320-324); Kapitel 11 `Von derselben erzählt~ _ [Tavi: ia:] ̀ Tqumuli misive~ (peCi 1975: 324-325); Kapitel 12 ̀ das Abia-tar berichtete, der zuvor Priester im Iudenviertel von Mcxeta war und die Taufe unter der Hand Ninos empfing~ – [Tavi: ib:] `romeli Tqua abiaTar, romeli iyo pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTa mcxeTas da naTel-iRo Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa~ (peCi 1975: 325-328); Kapitel 13 ̀ über das verehrungswürdige Kreuz, worüber Iakob ge-schrieben hat~ _ [Tavi: ig:] `patiosnisa juarisaTÂs, romeli aRwera iakob~ (peCi 1975: 328-330); Kapitel 14 `Die Aufrichtung des �erchrungswürdigen Kreuzes und danach eine weitere Erscheinung~ _ [Tavi: id:] àRmarTebaÁ patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTisaÁ da merme kualad gamoCinebaÁ~ (peCi 1975: 330-334); Kapitel 15 ̀ Der Brief, den König Mirean �on Kartli, in der Stunde seines Todes schrieb. Er liess ihn durch die Hand des Erzbischofs Iakob schreiben und übergab ihn Salome �on Užarma, die in Wahrheit über alles unterrichtet war~ _ [Tavi: ie:] `wigni, romeli dawera mirean mefeman qarTlisa-

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man Jamsa sikudilisasa. aRwera ÃeliTa iakob mTavarepisko-posisaÁTa da misca salomes uJarmelsa, Zis colsa TÂssa, romeli mecnier iyo yovelsave WeSmaritad~ (peCi 1975: 334-337); `Das Vermächtnis König Mireans an seinen Sohn �e� und an seine Gemahlin Nana~ _ ̀ anderZi mirean mefisaÁ Zisa TÂsisa mimarT revisa da colisa TÂsisa nanaÁsa~ (peCi 1975: 337).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstze xangrZlivi muSaobis periodSi g. peCma specialuri statiac dabeWda Tsu Sroma-Ta krebulSi _ `zogierTi nominaluri funqciis gansazR-vrebisaTvis `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqstSi~ (peCi 1971: 125-138).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Targmnis Semdeg gertrud peCi kidev didxans muSaobda qarTul saistorio wyaroebze. ami-si dasturia 1985 wels laifcigSi dastambuli, mSvenivrad gaformebuli xuTasgverdiani wigni `Das Leben Kartlis~ (`qar-Tlis cxovreba~) (peCi 1985), romelSic `wm. ninos cxovreba-caa~ Sesuli.

wminda ninos saxeli araerTxel ixsenieba ienis univer-sitetis profesoris hainc fenrixis wignSi `Die Georgische Literatur~ (`qarTuli literatura~) (fenrixi 1981). es aris qarTuli literaturis mokle mimoxilva dasabamidan me-20 saukunis literaturis CaTvliT. naSromis meore TavSi `Frühfeadale Literatur~ (àdrefeodaluri xanis literatu-ra~) (fenrixi 1981: 35-41) ixsenieba saqarTvelos eklesiis araerTi wmindani: evstaTi mcxeTeli, abo Tbileli, grigol xanZTeli... da maTi cxovreba-wamebis amsaxveli nawarmoe-bebi. avtoris sityviT, `wminda ninos cxovrebisa da qarT-veli mefis mirianis dros gaqristianebis ambebia gadmo-cemuli hagiografiul ZeglebSi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ da `nino kabadokielis cxovreba~. ninom daaxloebiT 350 wels gaaqristiana saqarTvelo, ris Semdegac misi cxovreba bevr TxzulebaSia aRwerili. moRweulia xuTi Zveli varianti, romelTagan uZvelesia Satberduli redaqcia, romelic me-10 saukuneSi Seiqmna~ (fenrixi 1981: 39-40). miuxedavad zogierTi uzustobisa, aRniSnul wignSi qarTlis gaqris-tianebisa da wminda ninos misioneruli moRvaweobis Sesa-xeb mocemuli cnobebi garkveul interess imsaxurebs.

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTuli gazeTebi ìve-

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ria~, `droeba~, `cnobis furceli~, `mwyemsi~ da `kvali~ aqveynebdnen werilebs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor icnobdnen da scemdnen Tayvans safrangeTSi wminda ninos.

frangul enaze pirveli cnobebi wminda ninos Sesaxeb gavrcelda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mari broseseuli Targ-manis safuZvelze. didi frangi aRmosavleTmcodne, qarT-velologi mari felisite brose (1802-1880) iyo is mecnie-ri, romelmac `pirvelma aiRo Cveni qveynis istoria da literatura samecniero Seswavlis sagnad da mas miapy-ro mTeli ganaTlebuli qveynebis mecnierTa yuradReba~ (i. WavWavaZe). m. brosem didi amagi dasdo `qarTlis cxovre-bis~ teqstis gamocemas. man `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gvian-deli redaqcia gamosca jer qarTul (brose 1849a: 64-99), xolo Semdeg – frangul enebze (brose 1849b: 90-129).

m. brosem frangulad Targmna agreTve `qarTlis cxov-rebis~ Zveli somxuri Targmani (XII s.), romelSic `wminda ninos cxovrebacaa~ Sesuli (brose 1851: 19-32). es sakiTxe-bi Cvens istoriografiaSi safuZvlianadaa Seswavlili (xanTaZe 1966: 85-95; dodaSvili 1962: 106-122; buaCiZe 1983: 265-271; abulaZe 1953; abulaZe 1966: 223-233; CxartiSvili 1987: 23-34) da amitom vrclad aRar SevexebiT. mxolod imas ki aRvniSnavT, rom m. broses Targmanebis safuZvelze saf-rangeTSi wminda ninos saxelTan dakavSirebiT araerTi saintereso Tvalsazrisi warmoiSva.

1897 wels saqarTveloSi Camovida frangi mecnieri, is-torikosi, arqeologi da sazogado moRvawe baron de bai (1853-1931). `baron de bai didis yuradRebiT aTvalierebs naSTebs da mwerlobas Tamar mefis droisa da saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblis wminda ninos Sesaxeb~ _ iuwyeboda `cno-bis furceli~ 1897 wlis 22 oqtombers (karbelaSvili 1992: 152). samSobloSi dabrunebisTanave de baim gamoaqveyna wig-ni saTauriT _ `saqarTveloSi~ (bai 1898).

cnobilia, rom mecnieri jer frangTa farTo audito-riis winaSe kiTxulobda Tavis naSromebs da mxolod amis Semdeg beWdavda calke wignad.

wignSi `saqarTveloSi~ baron de bai frang mkiTxvels vrclad mouTxrobs wminda ninos misionerul moRvaweoba-ze da iqve gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom, SesaZloa, wminda

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nino iyo is wminda `qristiane qali~ (Sainte Chrètienne), rom-lis saxelze safrangeTSi mravali eklesiaa agebuli.

baron de bais Tvalsazrisi wminda ninosa da wminda kre-tienis igiveobis Sesaxeb ganaviTara safrangeTSi mcxov-rebma qarTvelma emigrantma vaxtang ciciSvilma (1892-1964), romelmac Jurnal `kavkasionSi~ gamoaqveyna werili `wmida nino – wmida kretien~ (kavkasioni 1964). werilis av-toris sityviT, 1807 wels safrangeTSi Seqmnila `dedakac-Ta religiuri kongregacia, romelsac daerqva agreTve saxelad `wmida nino – sankta nina~... dasaxelebul kongre-gacias aqvs xati wmida kretien-ninosi, romlis suraTebs igi farTod avrcelebs da kanadaSi kidev mis patara, lamaz qandakebebsac amzadeben~ (`jvari vazisa~ 1989: 64).

cota xanSi frangul enaze gamovida wigni wminda ninos Sesaxeb. 1964 wels, JenevaSi, cnobilma politikurma moR-vawem, damoukideblobis dros saqarTvelos demokrati-uli respublikis sruluflebianma, mudmivma warmomad-genelma SveicariaSi xariton SaviSvilma (1886-1975) gamo-aqveyna wignaki @”Sainte Nino. La premiere femme apotre Sainte Nino” (`wminda nino, pirveli mociquli qali~), romlis dabeWdvas `kavkasionSi~ gamoexmaura viqtor nozaZe (kavkasioni 1967: 173-174).

cnobebi wmida ninos mier saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb gvxvdeba frangulenovan samecniero literaturaSi.

belgielma orientalistma paul peetersma (1870-1950) dabeWda naSromi `Les dèbouts du christianisme en Gèorgie d’après les sources hagiographiques~ (`qristianobis gavrceleba saqarT-veloSi hagiografiuli wyaroebis mixedviT~) (peetersi 1932: 5-58), romelSic qristianobis gavrcelebasTan dakav-Sirebuli problemebi ganixila da bevr sakiTxze sakuTari Sexedulebebi Camoayaliba.

Jerar garitma (1914-1990) 1958 wels gamosca ioane zo-simes `krebaÁ TTueTaÁ weliwadisaTaÁ~, qarTuli teqstis laTinuri TargmaniTa da komentarebiT, sadac saqarT-velos eklesiis dResaswaulTa Soris ixsenieba wminda ni-nos saxelobis dRe (gariti 1958: 18-20).

miSel van esbrokma (1934-2003) Zveli qarTuli himnog-

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rafiuli krebulebis srul konteqstSi pirvelma Seiswav-la miqael modrekilis ìadgari~. mkvlevris varaudiT, am krebulSi unda yofiliyo wminda ninosa da efTvime mTaw-mindelisadmi miZRvnili himnebic (qarTuli... 2003: 109).

sainteresoa strasburgis universitetis profeso-ris Jozef karstis frangul enaze gamoqveynebuli naS-romi `Littérature géorgienne chrétienne~ (`qarTuli qristianu-li literatura~) (karsti 1934), romelSic mimoxilulia Zveli qarTuli sasuliero-saeklesio mwerloba, saero-mxatvruli literatura, gvxvdeba msjeloba XIX-XX sau-kuneebis qarTul literaturazec. am wignis meoTxe Tavis pirveli qveTavi `Le Cycle de légendes de la sainte vierge Nino et de l’introduction du Christianisme~ (`legendebis cikli wm. qal-wul ninoze da qristianobaSi Sesvla~) (karsti 1934: 66-71) eZRvneba wminda ninos da saqarTvelos gaqristianebis sakiTxebs. es qveTavi Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: `Conversion de la Géorgie~ (`saqarTvelos moqceva~), `La vie de sainte Nino~ (`wm. ninos cxovreba~), `La �obe de Jésus-Christ~ (ìeso qristes kvarTi~), romlebSic k. kekeliZis `qarTuli literaturis istoriis~ mixedviT gadmocemulia wminda ninos qarTlSi mosvlis, mirian mefisa da saqarTvelos gaqristianebis is-toria, mokled mimoxilulia `ninos cxovrebis~ redaqcie-bi da gamocemebi.

safrangeTSi qarTuli kulturis popularizacias gan-sakuTrubiT Seuwyo xeli kalistrate da nino saliebis mier daarsebulma qarTvelologiurma Jurnalma `bedi qarTlisa~ (`�e�ue de Kart�élologie~), romelSic araerTi sta-tia gamoqveynda saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli li-teraturis sakiTxebze.

1966 wels am JurnalSi frangul enaze daibeWda nino salias (1898-1992) statia `Notice sur la conversion de la Géor-gie par sainte Nino~ (`SeniSvnebi wm. ninos mier saqarTvelos moqcevis Sesaxeb~) (salia 1966: 52-64). saqarTveloSi qris-tianuli religiis istorias n. salia iwyebs andria pirvel-wodebulisa da svimon kananelis Rvawlis aRniSvniT, Semdeg ki exeba wminda ninos misionerul moRvaweobas, msjelobs rufinusis naSromis Sesaxeb, ganixilavs bizantiur, ara-bul, siriul da koptur wyaroebSi dacul cnobebs da

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azustebs calkeul detalebs, exeba mose xorenelisa da agaTangelozis gadmocemebs da askvnis, rom somxuri wy-aroebis monacemebi sinamdviles ar Seesabameba. naSromis bolos mkvlevari gvTavazobs sakuTar daskvnebs. misi az-riT, saqarTveloSi qristianoba iqadaga tyve qalma wminda ninom, savaraudod kapadokiidan, mirianis mefobis dros, 352 wels, nino ixsenieba romaul martirologiaSi wm. kre-tienis saxeliT.

1982 wels parizSi daibeWda fransuaz telamonis `Le récit de la conversion de la Géorgie~ (`qarTlis moqcevis ambavi~) (telamoni 1982: 87-122), romelSic àvtori gadmogvcems rufinusis cnobebs qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb. rufinu-sis cnobiT, masala qarTlis moqcevis Sesaxeb mas iberiel ufliswul bakurisgan miuRia, romelic imJamad pales-tinis sazRvrebis duki yofila... avtori ganixilavs refi-nusis monaTxrobis ZiriTad elementebs da maT qarTuli warmarTobis struqturas upirispirebs~ (WumburiZe 1987: 210-211).

gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs 2001 wels q. luvenSi frangul enaze gamocemuli wigni `Le nouveau manuscrit Géor-gien sinaitique # Sin 50~ (àxali qarTuli sinuri xelnaweri sina #50~) (aleqsiZe 2001), romelic gamosacemad moamzada da vrceli gamokvleva daurTo prof. z. aleqsiZem. wignSi gamoqveynebulia sina 50 xelnaweris fotopirebi (aleq-siZe 2001, 73-215) da sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli bibliogra-fia (aleqsiZe 2001, 61-70). prof. z. aleqsiZe ganixilavs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ sina 50 xelnawers da masTan dakav-Sirebul problematikas: pirvel TavSi `Découverte d’une nou-velle collection manuscrits géorgiens sur le Sinai~ (`qarTuli xel-nawerebis axali koleqciis aRmoCena sinaze~) (aleqsiZe 2001, 1-11) mocemulia mokle cnobebi sinas mTaze qarT-velTa kulturuli kerisa da iq moRvawe qarTvelebis Ses-axeb, moTxrobilia sinas mTis axali koleqciis aRmoCenis istoria da ganxilulia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ ori axali redaqcia; meore Tavi `Description du manuscrit # Sin 50~ (`xel-nawer sina 50-is aRwera~) (aleqsiZe 2001, 11-28) eTmoba sina 50-is aRweras. Seswavlilia CanarTebi da anderZ-minawere-bi, xelnaweris daTariRebis sakiTxi (IX-X ss.), gaxsnilia

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qaragmebi, garkveulia punqtuacia; xolo mesame TavSi Ìn-formations historiques extérieures au texte dans # Sin 50~ (ìstoriu-li informacia sina 50-is teqstis Sesaxeb~) (aleqsiZe 2001, 29-59) mocemulia mTeli istoriuli informacia, romelic sina 50-is xelnaweris Seqmnis epoqas ukavSirdeba. amJamad gamosacemad momzadebulia naSromis II da III tomebi. III tom-Si gamoqveyndeba `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ axalaRmoCenili redaqciis sina 50-is teqsti.

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ inglisur enaze ar aris Targm-nili, xolo rac Seexeba `wminda ninos cxovrebas~, am Zeg-lis erT-erTi pirveli Targmani ucxo enaze ekuTvniT da-Zma marjori da oliver uordropebs. am da inglisur enaze Sesrulebuli sxva Targmanebis Sesaxeb Cven specialuri naSromi gamovaqveyneT (menabde 2008: 501-509), amitomac aq maT ar SevexebiT.

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~, `wminda ninos cxovrebisa~ da wminda ninos moRvaweobis Sesaxeb masalebi italiur enazec gamoqveynda, ZiriTadad, enciklopediebSi, sacno-baro leqsikonebsa da msoflio literaturaTa istorie-bSi. magaliTad, cnobili italieli literaturaTmcodnis j. prampolinis ̀ msoflio literaturaTa istoriis~ meore tomSi, romelSic calke Tavadaa warmodgenili qarTuli literatura, originalur hagiografiul ZeglTa Soris dasaxelebulia `wminda ninos cxovreba~ (prampolini 1949: 509-527); àRmosavlur literaturaTa istoriis~ pirvel tomSi qarTul mwerlobas exeba j. kastelinos naSromi `qarTuli literatura~, romlis Sesaval nawilSi avtori italiel mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTvelos geografiul mdebareobas, gaqristianebis drosa da pirobebs (kasteli-no 1969: 447-471). am sakiTxebs Tavis gamokvlevaSi ìtali-urenovani qarTvelologia da qarTuli mwerloba~ Seexo italiaSi moRvawe qarTveli mecnieri, romis saxelmwifo universitetis `la sapiencas~ profesori g. SurRaia. igi asaxelebs a. palmieris, b. maioranasa da sxvebs, romlebic TavianT statiebSi italiurenovan mkiTxvels acnoben saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs (SurRaia 2003: 160). iqve g. SurRaia

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calke gamoyofs erT naSroms da aRniSnavs, rom `qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis zogierTi sakiTxi damuSavebu-lia vatikanis gamomcemloba `Citta nuova~-s mier momzade-bul kapitalur Tormettomian `wmindanTa biblioTekaSi~ moTavsebul statiebSi qarTuli eklesiis wmindanebze. va-tikanis samociqulo biblioTekis skriptori Jozef mari soJe statiaSi `nino (nune, Teognosta, qristiani) (soJe 1967: 1018-1021) ZiriTadad eyrdnoba p. peetersis gamokv-levas `saqarTveloSi qristianobis gavrcelebis pirveli periodi agiografiuli Zeglebis mixedviT~. mimoixilavs rufinusis, gelasi kesarielis, sokrates, sozomenes, Teo-dorite kvirelis, gelasi kvizikelisa da Teofanes Tx-zulebebs da aRniSnavs, rom saxeli – nino pirvelad mose xorenelTan (VIII s.) gvxvdeba nunes formiT da aqedanaa ga-dasuli qarTul tradiciaSi _ `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~ da `ninos cxovrebaSi~ (soJe 1967: 163).

rogorc warmodgenili masalidanac Cans, italiaSi arc-Tu bevri ram dabeWdila wminda ninos Sesaxeb. amitomac, gansakuTrebiT dasafasebelia am saqmeSi g. SurRaias dam-saxureba. 2000 wels romis papis, wm. antonis, saxelobis uni-versitetis _ àntoniumis~ _ gamomcemlobam g. SurRaias redaqciiT italiur da frangul enebze gamosca krebuli: `Santa Nino e la Georgia. Storia e spiritualita cristiana nel Paese del Vello d’oro~ (`wminda nino da saqarTvelo: oqros sawmisis qveynis istoria da sulieri kultura~) (SurRaia 2000). krebulSi gamoqveynebuli samecniero naSromebis umetesoba `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ istoriul-literaturul da filolo-giur sakiTxebs exeba.

romis papis aRmosavluri institutis profesori vin-Cenco poji gamokvlevaSi `L’esorcismo del cilicio in �ufino~ (`ki-likze Selocva rufinusis mixedviT~) (SurRaia 2000: 25-41) Sua saukuneebis istoriuli wyaroebis konteqstSi aanali-zebs rufinusis (IV-V ss.) mier evsevi kesarielis `saekle-sio istoriis~ laTinuri TargmanisaTvis darTul frag-ments, romelSic moTxrobilia saqarTvelos gaqristiane-bis ambavi. mkvlevari sagangebo yuradRebas uTmobs wminda ninos mier bavSvisa da iberTa dedoflis kilikze dawveniT gankurnebis epizods; z. kiknaZe statiaSi ̀ La ̀ colonna vivente~

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come fatto mistico~ (`sveti cxoveli~ rogorc mistikuri faq-ti~) (SurRaia 2000: 43-50) yuradRebas amaxvilebs mcxeTis pirveli eklesiis mTavar sayrden svetTan dakavSirebul saswaulze, romelic aRwerilia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁSi~. mkvlevari warmoaCens im mistikur-simbolur meqanizmebs, romelTa wyalobiTac eklesiis mTavari konstruqciuli elementi _ nivTieri sveti _ saqarTvelos eklesiis mis-tikur qvakuTxedad iqca; bergamos universitetis profe-soris nino yauxCiSvilis statiaSi `Santa Nino e la donna nel mondo bizantino~ (`wminda nino da qali bizantiaSi~) (SurRaia 2000: 51-60) warmoCenilia saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblis literaturuli saxis tipologiuri mimarTeba Sua sauku-neebis qristianuli literaturis iseT personaJ qaleb-Tan, rogorebic iyvnen basili kesarielisa da grigol nose-lis da, makrina (IV s.), konstantinopoleli diakoni olim-piada (IV s.), romis imperiis didi politikuri moRvawe gala plaCida (IV-V ss.), imperator Teodosi II-is da pulqeria (V s.) da meudabnoe monazoni melania (IV-V ss.); l. patariZe naSromSi `La `schiavitu~ di santa Nino~ (`wminda ninos `tyveo-ba~) (SurRaia 2000: 61-68) aanalizebs wminda ninos epiTets `tyve~, warmoaCens am terminisa da misi sinonimebis gamoye-nebis SemTxvevebsa da istoriul-mistikur mniSvnelobas.

krebulSi gamoqveynebulia wignis redaqtoris g. Sur-Raias vrceli gamokvleva `Mcxeta _ la capitale rifondata. Per un’interpretazione del messaggio simbolico-estetiko della Vita di santa Nino~ (`mcxeTa _ axali dedaqalaqi. `wminda ninos cxovre-bis~ simbolur-esTetikuri interpretaciisaTvis~) (Sur-Raia 2000: 69-97), romelSic `ninos cxovrebis~ Cvenamde moRweuli xuTi sxvadasxva redaqciis SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze ganxilulia ierusalimisa da mcxeTis, ieru-salimel da mcxeTel ebraelTa da mcxeTel qarTvelTa urTierToba da simbolika.

am arsebiTad italiurenovan krebulSi frangul enazea dabeWdili cnobili qarTvelologis, prof. van esbrokis, statia `Le dossier de sainte Nino et sa composante copte~ (`wminda ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebi da misi kopturi komponenti~) (SurRaia 2000: 99-123), romelSic avtori warmoaCens `ninos cxovrebasTan~ dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi literaturuli

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sakiTxebis mravalwliani kvlevis Sedegebs da maT safuZ-velze aanalizebs koptur literaturaSi saqarTvelos gaqristianebis Sesaxeb dacul cnobebs.

krebuli `wminda nino da saqarTvelo~ mravalmxriv saintereso gamocemaa, romelic ucxoenovan mkiTxvels srul warmodgenas uqmnis wminda ninos cxovrebasa da mi-sionerul saqmianobaze. am wignma didi interesi gamoiwvia rogorc italiis, ise evropis sxva qveynebis samecniero wreebSi. wigns, bunebrivia, saqarTveloSic mohyva gamox-maureba (`Tbilisis universiteti~ 1999; `saqarTvelos re-spublika~ 2001).*

1990 wels, budapeStSi, grifiT `qarTuli literaturis biblioTeka~ (A Georgiai irodalom köny�tara), ungrul enaze ga-movida maRal poligrafiul doneze gamocemuli da kar-gad ilustrirebuli wigni: Àz ÉletadÓ oszlop legendaja és más történetek~. Georgiai szentek élete és �értanüsáġa~ (`legenda sveti cxovelis Sesaxeb da sxva istoriebi~. qarTvel wmindanTa `cxovrebani~ da `wamebani~) (biro 1990). teqstebi Targmna da gamosacemad moamzada ungrelma qarTvelologma, is-torikosma da filologma margit birom.

wignSi Sevida hagiografiuli Txzulebebi: `Szent Nino élete~ (`wm. ninos cxovreba~) (biro 1990: 7-61), `Szent Susanik Királynö �értanúsáġa~ (`wm. SuSanikis wameba~) (biro 1990: 63-80), `Szám szerint kilenc ġyermek �értanúsáġa~ (`kolaelTa wameba~) (biro 1990: 81-84), ̀ Szent mchetai E�cztati szen�edése és �értanúsáġa~ (èvstaTi mcxeTelis wameba~ (biro 1990: 85-102), Àbónak, Krisztus szent és boldoġ �értanújának szen�edése~ (àbo Tbilelis wameba~) (biro 1990: 103-135). es aris ara sityvasityviTi Targmanebi, aramed nawilobrivi gardaTqma Zeglebisa, ri-Tic m. birom ungrel mkiTxvels gaacno qarTvel wmindanTa wameba-cxovrebani.

krebulSi warmodgenili pirveli Zeglia `Szent Nino élete~ (`wm. ninos cxovreba~) (biro 1990: 7-61), romelsac sa-fuZvlad udevs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Satberduli vari-anti. marTalia, Txroba da Tavebis saTaurebi ZiriTadad mihyveba `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ teqsts, magram mainc ver CaiTvleba zust Targmanad. es aris gardaTqma, romel-

* masala mogvawoda prof. g. SurRaiam, risTvisac madlobas movaxsenebT.

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Sic SenarCunebulia Tavebis dedniseuli Tanamimdevroba. Targmanis Sedgeniloba aseTia: `Szent Nino élete~ ([Tavi: g:] `cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~) (biro 1990: 7-10), `Feljeġyeztetett uġyanazon uzsarmai Szalome által~ ([Tavi: d:] àRwerili misve sa-lome uJarmelisaÁ~) (biro 1990: 11-15), ̀ Szent Nino meġérkezése Mchetába, ami uġyanazon uzsarmai Szalome által jeġyeztetett fel~ ([Tavi: v:] `mowevnaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi mcxeTad, aRwerili mi-sive salome uJarmelisaÁ~) (biro 1990: 17-21), Àmelyet eġy zsidó asszony, né� szerint Szidónia, Abiatar pap leánya jeġyzett fel~ ([Tavi: z:] `romeli aRwera dedakacman huriaman, saxeliT sidonia, asulman abiaTar mRdelisaman~) (biro 1990: 23-27), Èlmondatott uġyancsak Szidónia asszony által~ ([Tavi: À:] `Tqumuli sidoniaÁsive dedakacisaÁ~) (biro 1990: 29-31), Èlmondatott uġyancsak öáltala~ ([Tavi: T:] `Tqumuli misive~) (biro 1990: 33-35), (`Följeġyeztetett uġyancsak öáltala a templom épitéséröl~) ([Tavi: À:] `misive aRwerili aRSenebisa TÂs eklesiaTaÁsa~) (biro 1990: 37-40), Èlmondatott uġyancsak öáltala~ ([Tavi: ia:] `Tqumu-li misive~) (biro 1990: 41), (Èlmondatott Abiatar által, aki koráb-ban a zsidók templomában �olt pap Mchetában, és aki Nino kezéböl fel-�ette a keresztséġet~) ([Tavi: ib:] `romeli Tqua abiaTar, romeli iyo pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTa mcxeTas da naTe-liRo Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa~) (biro 1990: 43-45), À tisztelendö kereztröl, ami Iakob által jeġyeztetett fel~ ([Tavi: ig:] `patios-nisa juarisaTÂs, romel aRwera iakob~) (biro 1990: 47-49), À tisztelendö mchetai kereszt felállítása és eġy újabb jelenés~ ([Tavi: id:] àRmarTebaÁ patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTisaÁ da merme kualad gamoCinebaÁ~) (biro 1990: 51-55), `Mireannak, Kartli királyának halála elött írt le�ele~ ([Tavi: ie:] `wigni, romeli daw-era mirean mefeman qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudilisasa~) (biro 1990: 57-59), `Mirean király �éġakarata fiának, �e�nek és feleséġének, Nanának~ (ànderZi mirean mefisaÁ Zisa TÂsisa mimarT revisa da colisa TÂsisa nanaÁsa~) (biro 1990: 61).

rogorc CamonaTvalidanac Cans, ungrul enaze gadata-nilia `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ meore nawilis yvela Tavi, Tumca, maTi Sinaarsi sakmaod Semcirebulia. miuxedavad amisa, ungrulenovan mkiTxvels mainc eqmneba srulfaso-vani warmodgena wminda ninos cxovrebasa da misionerul moRvaweobaze.

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m. biros mier gamocemuli wigni aRWurvilia saTanado samecniero aparatiT _ yvela Txzulebas axlavs komenta-rebi. gansakuTrebiT vrcladaa warmodgenili `wminda ni-nos cxovrebis~ komentarebi (Nino �értanúsága) bibliur wya-roTa miTiTebiT (biro 1990: 137-142), bibliografia (biro 1990: 165-167), calkea gamoyofili TxzulebaTa gamocemebi da Targmanebi (Szent Nino élete) (biro 1990: 169), wigns erT-vis m. biros bolosityva, romelSic mTargmneli ungrel mkiTxvels mouTxrobs saqarTveloze, mis istoriaze, qris-tianuli religiis gavrcelebaze, acnobs `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ redaqciebs da sxv. (biro 1990: 149-163).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ iTargmna polonur enazec (yol-baia 1995). aRsaniSnavia, rom es mSvenivrad gaformebuli momcro wigni daibeWda romis papis ioane-pavle meorisa da saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia meoris locva-kurTxeviT. wignis gare-kanze gamosaxulia wminda nino vazis jvriT (xatmweri d. pataraia, reproduqcia – s. yurulaSvili), wignis redaq-toria a. vizniaki, filologiuri konsultanti – cnobili qarTvelologi ian brauni, romelmac sxvadasxva dros presasa da enciklopediebSi gamoaqveyna mravali werili Zveli qarTuli literaturis sakiTxebze, aRwera polo-neTSi daculi qarTuli xelnawerebi, konsultacia gauwia `vefxistyaosnis~ polonur enaze mTargmnels g. zagurskis da sxv.

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ polonur enaze Targmna daviT yolbaiam. wigni gamoica varSavis universitetis grifiT. Targmans axlavs winasityvaoba konsultant m. lorTqi-faniZisa (yolbaia 1995: 5-10), romelic polonel mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTvelos gaqristianebis istorias, `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ redaqciebsa da ucxour Targmanebs, teqstis axalaRmoCenil variants, ZiriTad istoriul-literatu-rul sakiTxebs.

aRniSnuli Targmani zustad mihyveba `Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebis~ I tomSi gamoqveynebul Satber-dul redaqcias. wignis Sedgeniloba aseTia: [�ozdzial I] _ [Tavi: a:] (yolbaia 1995: 11-26); [�ozdzial II] _ [Tavi: b:] (yol-baia 1995: 27-29); [�ozdzial III] `Żywot Świẹtej Nino~ _ [Tavi: g:]

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`cxorebaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi~ (yolbaia 1995: 30-34); [�ozdzial IV] `Zapisane również przez Salome Udzarmeli~ _ [Tavi: d:] àR-werili misive salome uJarmelisaÁ~ (yolbaia 1995: 35-42); [�ozdzial VI] `Przybycie świẹtej Nino do Mcchety. Spisane również przez Salome Udżarmeli~ _ [Tavi: v:] `mowevnaÁ wmidisa ninoÁsi mcxeTad, aRwerili misive salome uJarmelisaÁ~ (yolbaia 1995: 43-48); [�ozdzial VII] Òpisane przez kobietẹ Żydówkç o imi-eniu Sydonia, córkẹ duchownego Abiatara~ _ [Tavi: z:] `romeli aR-wera dedakacman huriaman, saxeliT sidonia, asulman abia-Tar mRdelisaman~ (yolbaia 1995: 49-54); [�ozdzial VIII] Òpow-iedziane przez tẹ samạ niewiastẹ Sydoniẹ~ _ [Tavi: À:] `Tqumuli sidoniaÁsive dedakacisaÁ~ (yolbaia 1995: 55-58); [�ozdz-ial IX] Òpowiedziany przez niạ~ _ [Tavi: T:] `Tqumuli misive~ (yolbaia 1995: 59-61); [�ozdzial X] Ò budowaniu kościola, opisane również przez niạ~ _ [Tavi: À:] [`misive aRwerili aRSenebisaTÂs eklesiaTaÁsa~] (yolbaia 1995: 62-66); [�ozdzial XI] Òpowiedzi-any również przez niạ~ _ [Tavi: ia:] `Tqumuli misive~ (yolbaia 1995: 67-68); [�ozdzial XII] Òpowiedziany przez Abiatara, który naj-pierw byl kaplanem żydowskim w Mcchecie, a (póżniej) przyjał chrzest przy współudziale Nino~ _ [Tavi: ib:] `romeli Tqua abiaTar, romeli iyo pirvel mRdeli baginsa Sina huriaTasa mcxe-Tas da naTeliRo Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa~ (yolbaia 1995: 69-72); [�ozdzial XIII] ̀ O świẹtym krzyżu, opisane przez Jakuba~ _ [Tavi: ig:] `patiosnisa juarisaTÂs, romeli aRwera iakob~ (yolbaia 1995: 73-77); [�ozdzial XIV] ̀ Wzniesienie i odłoniẹcie świẹtego krzuża mcchetyjskiego~ _ [Tavi: id:] àRmarTebaÁ patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTisaÁ da merme kualad gamoCinebaÁ~ (yolbaia 1995: 78-84); [�ozdzial XV] `List, który napisał przed śmierciạ król Kartlii Mir-ian rẹkạ arcybiskupa Jakuba i oddiał Salome Udźarmeli, małźonce syna swojego, która zaprawdẹ wiedziała o wszystkim~ _ [Tavi: ie:] `wigni, romeli dawera mirean mefeman qarTlisaman Jamsa sikudi-lisasa. aRwera ÃeliTa iakob mTavarebiskoposisaÁTa da misca salomes uJarmelsa, Zis colsa TÂssa, romeli mecni-er iyo yovelsave WeSmaritad~ (yolbaia 1995: 85-88); `Testa-ment króla Miriana dla syna swego �ewa małźonki swojej Nany~ _ ̀ an-derZi mirean mefisaÁ Zisa TÂsisa mimarT revisa da colisa TÂsisa nanaÁsa~ (yolbaia 1995: 39-90).

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ polonur Targmans erTvis mTar-

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gmnelis, istorikos d. yolbaias, mier Sedgenili komentar-ebi da teqstis problematikasTan dakavSirebuli bibli-ografia (yolbaia 1995: 91-101), romelic polonel mkiTxv-els srul warmodgenas Seuqmnis aRniSnul sakiTxze.

1986 wels, saberZneTSi, berZnul enaze gamovida 160-gverdiani wigni ` {Agioi th’” Gewrgiva””. 1. (epilogh’ kai; su-vnqwsi” a;po; rwsika; sunaxavria)~ [`saqarTvelos wmindanebi~, 1, (SerCeuli da Sedgenili rusuli svinaqsarebis mixedviT) (Agioi th’” Gewrgiva”... 1986)] winasityvaobiT, SesavliTa da bibliografiiT. krebulis Semdgeneli, avtori da mTarg-mnelia arqimandriti timoTeosi, wm. paraklitonis mo-nastris iRumeni, romelmac axal berZnul enaze Targmna qarTvel wmindanTa cxovreba-wamebani.

wigni Sedgeba oTxi Tavisagan: `JH ïagiva ijsapovstolo” Nivvna~ (`cxovreba wmindisa da mociqulTa sworisa ninosi~) ( {Ag-ioi th’” Gewrgiva” 1986: 21-72); `ïH ïagiva mavrtu” Sousanaxnivkh~ (`wameba wmindisa SuSanikisi~) ( {Agioi th’” Gewrgiva” 1986: 73-94); `ïO o{sio” jIwavnnh” Zentaxnisku~ (`cxovreba wminda ioane zedaznelisa~ ( {Agioi th’” Gewrgiva” 1986: 95-129); `ïH ïagiva megalomavrtu” Keteban~ (`wameba wmindisa didmowamisa qeTe-van dedoflisa~) ( {Agioi th’” Gewrgiva” 1986: 129-156).

rogorc krebulis saTaurSicaa miTiTebuli, aRniS-nuli teqstebi Sedgenilia rusuli svinaqsarebis safuZ-velze, risTvisac mTargmnels gamouyenebia 1871 wels m. sabininis mier gamocemuli `Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви~. rogorc berZnuli wignis recenziaSi T. mesxi aRniSnavs: `berZnuli Targmani gvxiblavs frazis silaRiTa da simsubuqiT. mTargmnels SesaniSnavad aqvs nagrZnobi qarTuli suli... didebulad igrZnoba qarTul TxzulebaTa damaxasiaTebeli enis sisadaveca da moqni-lobac~ (mesxi 1988). Tumca, swored rusuli enidan Ses-rulebuli Targmanis gamo, zogjer damaxinjebulia saku-Tari saxelebi da toponimebi, rasac sagangebod miuTiTebs Tavis gamoxmaurebaSi a. uruSaZe: `timoTeosis wignSi zogi sakuTari saxeli mcdaradaa gadmocemuli (etyoba, rusu-lis gavleniT): ioane zedazniskosi, vasqeni, qaTevani...). aris aseTi uzustobac: SuSanikis mamad dasaxelebulia ara vardan mamikoniani, aramed saqarTvelos erT-erTi mefe,

279

romlis saxelic istoriam ar Semogvinaxao. romel wyaros eyrdnoba avtori am cnobis mowodebisas, gaurkvevelia~ (uruSaZe 1988).

wigns erTvis bibliografia, romlidanac Cans, rom avto-ri ZiriTadad rusul enaze arsebul literaturas eyrd-noboda (m. sabinini, dimitri rostoveli...), gamoyenebulia agreTve frangul, inglisur da berZnul enebze arsebuli masalebi. berZnul wyaroTagan aRsaniSnavia v. fidas wigni `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis avtokefa-lia~, romelic 1980 wels aTenSi gamoqveynda.

`saqarTvelos wmindanebi~ maRal poligrafiul donezea gamocemuli. masSi CarTulia gelaTis monastris xedebi, wm. giorgis xati, gelaTis mozaika, CuqurTmebi, warwerebi, saqarTvelos ruka da qarTuli anbani.

wminda ninos cxovreba-moRvaweoba moxseniebulia saber-ZneTSi, TesalonikSi 1996 wels dastambul erT saintereso wignSi. es aris dimitrios g. camisis: `Meterikovn (Dihghvsei” kai Bivoi twn Agivwn Mhtevrwn th” erhvmou askhtrivwn kai osivwn gunaikwvn th” Orqodovxou Ekklhsia”~ [miterikon (wm. dedebi) (Txrobani da cxovrebani wmidaTa dedaTa meudabnoeTa da asketTa da RirsTa dedaTa marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa] (Meterikovn 1996).

`miterikoni~ Zalian mniSvnelovani gamocemaa. am droi-saTvis dabeWdilia krebulis Svidi tomi, romlebSic Tav-moyrilia masala marTlmadidebluri eklesiis wminda dedaTa cxovrebis Sesaxeb. qarTvel wmindanTagan am kre-bulebSi warmodgenilni arian wminda nino (VI t.) da Tamar mefe (VII t.).

krebulis gamomcemeli dimitrios g. camisi iyo aTo-nis mTis gubernatori, igi namyofia saqarTveloSi, Ta-vis droze mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana aTonis mTidan qarTul xelnawerTa mikrofilmebis saqarTvelosTvis gadmocemaSi.

rogorc winasityvaobaSia aRniSnuli, wignSi gamoyene-bulia Zveli teqstebis saukeTeso gamocemebi. zog SemTx-vevaSi teqstebi Seivso da gasworda SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze, raTa Zveli teqstebi yofiliyo rac SeiZleba swori da daculi Secdomebisagan. mTavari amocana iyo,

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gasworebuli teqsti Targmniliyo srulad da SenarCune-buliyo suli Txzulebisa. amitomac, es Targmanebi aris cocxali da gasagebi Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisaTvis. axal berZnul enaze krebulSi gamoqveynebuli teqstebis mTarg-mnelebi arian p. vaici, g. zaxaropulosi, d. kacani, i. niko-laidi da sxvebi. qarTuli masalebis Targmani ekuTvnis T. mesxs.

`miterikonis~ me-6 tomSi Setanilia `wminda ninos cxov-rebis~ Zveli berZnuli Targmani, romelsac paralelurad misdevs axal berZnul enaze Sesrulebuli Tanamedrove Targmani (Meterikovn 1996: 354-363). saerTod, aRniSnuli gamocema orenovania, rac dainteresebul mkiTxvels sa-Sualebas aZlevs Tvali miadevnos rogorc Zvel wyaroebs, ise axal berZnulze Sesrulebuli Targmanis xarisxs. Sem-deg gamoqveynebulia erTi Tavi `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁdan~:

`ïH Dihvghse tou’ jIakwvbou gia ton Tivmio Stauvro~ (`patiosnisa juarisaTÂs, romeli aRwera iakob~ (Meterikovn 1996: 366-371), romelic axal berZnul enaze Targmna da sakmaod vrceli komentarebi daurTo T. mesxma. komentarebSi dawv-rilebiTaa ganmartebuli teqstSi moxseniebuli sakuTari Tu geografiuli saxelebi. wigni mxatvrulad kargadaa gaformebuli, darTuli aqvs saqarTvelosa da mcxeTis rukebi, samTavrosa da sveticxovlis fotoebi, wminda ninos jvari da sxv.

damowmebani:

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SurRaia 2003: SurRaia g. italiurenovani qarTvelologia da qarTuli mwerloba. wignSi: qarTuli literatura evropul mecnierebaSi (e. xin-TibiZis redaqciiT), Tb.: `qarTvelologi~, 2003.

CxartiSvili 1987: CxartiSvili m. `ninos cxovrebis~ somxuri versia. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1987.

CxartiSvili 1989: Чхартишвили М. (redaqtori). Обращение Грузии. Перевод с древнегрузинского Е. С. Такаишвили. Редакционная обработка, исследование и комментарии М. С. Чхартишвили. Тб.: “Мецниереба”, 1989.

`cxovreba saqarTvelos...~ 1886: Житие святой равноапостольной Нины, про-светительницы Грузии. М.: 1886.

`cxovreba saqarTvelos...~ 1890...: Житие святой равноапостольной Нины, просветительницы Грузии. Одесса: 1890; 1894; 1900.

`cxovreba saqarTvelos...~ 1915: Житие святой равноапостольной Нины, про-светительницы Иверии (Грузии). Одесса: 1915.

Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. wigni I (V-X ss.). Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1964.

WumburiZe 1987: WumburiZe T. fransuaz telamoni, qarTlis moqcevis ambavi (anotacia). `mravalTavi~, XIV, 1987.

xanTaZe 1966: xanTaZe S. mari brose (istoriografiuli narkvevi). Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.

xaxanaSvili 1897: Хаханов А. Очерки по истории грузинской словесности. M.: 1897.

javaxiSvili 1901: Джавахишвили И. Проповедническая деятельность апостола Андрея и св. Нины в Грузии. 1. CВ. Нина // ЖМНП, 1901.

javaxiSvili 1904: Джавахов И. Грузия (Библиография), Византийский времен-ник. 1904, т. XI, вып. 1-2.

janaSvili 1898: Джанашвили М. История грузинской церкви. Т.: 1898.`jvari vazisa~ 1989: `jvari vazisa~, #№ 3, 1989.

285

`moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁsa~ da `wminda ninos cxovrebis~Sesaxeb rusul da evropul enebze gamoqveynebuli

masalebis bibliografiisaTvis:

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Nawrôcenie Kartlii (Mokcewai Kartlisai). Ze Starogruzińskiego przetoźyt i przypisami 50. opatrzyt Dawid Kolbaja. Warzawa: 1995, 11-90.Peeters P. Les débouts du christianisme en Géorgie d’après les sources hagiographiques, - 51. “Analecta Bollandiana”, t. 50. 1932.Pätsch G. Die Bekehrung Georgiens. Bedi Kartlisa. �e�ue de Kart�elologie, �ol. XXXIII, 52. Paris: 1975, 288-337.Pätsch G. Das Leben Kartlis. Eine Chronik aus Georgien, 300-1200. Herausgegeben �on 53. Gertrud Pätsch, Leipzig: 1985, 131-187.Prampolini G. La letteratura georgiana Storia della letteratura universale. II, Torino: 1949.54. Sainte Nina, communément nommée Sininte Chrètienne. Notice historique par le P. Au-55. guste Daras, del a compagnie de Iesus Lyon. 1874.`56. Santa Nino e la Georgia. Storia e spiritualita cristiana nel Paese del Vello d’oro”. ATTI. DEL I CONVEGNO INTE�NAZIONALE DI STUDI GEO�GIANI �OMA, 30 GENNSIO, 1999. �oma, 2000.Salia N. Notice sur la conversion de la Géorgie par sainte Nino: Bedi Kartlisa. �e�ue de 57. Kart�élologie. �ol. XXI-XXII, Paris: 1966, 52-64.Sauget J.-M. Nino (Nouné, Teognosta, Cristiana), in: BS (Bibliotheca Sanctorum), 9, 58. 1967.Tarchnishvili M.59. Das Christentum in Georgien. Der Christliche Orient in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, 1, 1936. Munchen, #1, #2.Tarchnishvili M.60. Die Legende der heiligen Nino und die Geschichte des georgischen Na-tionalbewußtseins. Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 40. 1940, 40-75.Tarchnishvili M.61. Georgia. Enciclopedia Cattiloca. 6, Città del Vaticano: 1951, pp. 64-79.Tarchnishvili M.62. Die heilige Nino, Bekehrerin �on Georgien. Analeeta Ordinis Saneti Basili Magni. �om: 1953, 572-581.Thélamon F. Le récit de la conversion de la Georgie. Crétiens et Paiens au IVs. L’histoire 63. Ecclésiastigue de �ufin. Paris: 1982, 87-122.The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chonikles (The original Georgian 64. texts and the Armenian adaptation). Translated with Introduction and Commentary by �obert W. Thomson. �ewriting Caucasian History. Oxford: 1996, 84-145.Wardrop O. The Kingdom of Georgia. Notes of Travel in a Land of Women, Wine end 65. Song. London: 1888,; New York. Bahrain 2004. pp. 39-42, 81-82.Wardrop M. and Wardrop O. Life of st. Nino. Studia Biblica and Ecclesiastica. �. V. p. I. 66. Oxford: 1900, 1-88.

Darejan Menabde

Moktsevai Kartlisai in Foreign Language Translations

Summary

The present study is of the bibliographic character. In it scholarly stud-ies published about Moktsevai Kartlisai (“The Conversion of Kartli”) in Georgia and beyond its borders, the evidence found in journals and news-papers, translations of these texts into the �ussian, German, French, Eng-lish, Italian, Hungarian and other languages are gathered. The aim of the study is to record and classify the presented material.

288

sagalobelTa eqo

qeTi niniZe

wminda ninos himnografiuli xati

wminda ninos literaturul-istoriulma saxem qarTu-li kulturisa da azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seitana. Cvens mwerlobaSi mniSvnelovani masala moipoveba rogorc wmindanis cxovrebis amsaxveli teqstebis, aseve mis Sesaxeb dawerili sxvadasxva saxis sagaloblebis sa-xiT. cnobilia, rom arc erTi qveynis erovnuli wmindanis saxelze ar Seqmnila im raodenobis sagalobeli, ramdenic qarTul mwerlobaSi wminda ninos Sesaxeb. es adasturebs rogorc qarTveli eris gansakuTrebul mowiwebasa da pa-tiviscemas Tavisi ganmanaTlebilis mimarT, aseve wminda ninos did mniSvnelobas qarTveli eris winaSe.

wminda ninos Sesaxeb arsebuli sagaloblebi iqmneba IX-X saukuneebidan, rodesac ganmanaTleblis roli, mniSv-neloba qarTuli eklesiisaTvis gansakuTrebul Rirebu-lebas iZens. mis Sesaxeb Seqmnil himnografiul masalaSi moipoveba sxvadasxva formisa da zomis teqstebi: rogorc mcire stirqaronebi da sagaloblebi, wardgomani, aseve didi formis galobani, kanonebi*. saxismetyvelebiTi mode-lebi wm. ninos Sesaxeb arsebul himnografiaSi istoriulad icvleba da im aqcentebs warmoaCens, romelsac kulturu-li konteqsti ganapirobebs.

wmindanis Sesaxeb arsebuli sagaloblebis uZvelesi xe-lnawerebi eyrdnoba wm. ninos cxovrebis Satberdul-Weli-Sur redaqcias, rac xSirad gulisxmobs hagiografiuli masalis gamoyenebas sagaloblebSi. uZvelesi redaqcie-bi or tipad aris dajgufebuli: pirveli kategoriis redaqciebis xelnawerebSi wminda nino qarTlis erTad-erT ganmanaTlebladaa warmodgenili (Jer-42, ielis iad-garis, WeliSis krebulis xelnawerebSi); meore dajgufebis

* wminda ninos Sesaxeb arsebuli himnebis teqstebi gamosacemad momzadebuli aqvT xelnawerTa muzeumis TanamSromlebs: prof. m. qavTarias, l. xevsurians, l. jRamaias. aRniSnuli teqstebis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT maT.

289

redaqciebSi ki (sin-59, Dumbarton Oaks-is, giorgi aTonelis TTuenis teqstebSi) moxsenebuli da aRiarebulia wm. ninos winamorbedebis moRvaweoba. pirveli redaqciuli jgufi qronologiurad uswrebs meore kategoriis xelnawerebs (cxadaZe 1983: 252)

qarTlis ganmanaTlebel ninos winamorbedad barTlome mociquli pirvelad moixsenieba sin-59 da 64 xelnawerebSi dacul stiqaronebSi. mecnierTa garkveuli nawili (k. keke-liZe, i. javaxiSvili, n. mari) siriis ganamnaTleblis mox-seniebas miiCnevs siriul-somxuri saeklesio gadmoceme-bis kvalad da xelnawers wm. ninos himnografiis adrindel etaps miakuTvnebs. q. cxadaZis azriT, ki es sakmarisi sabuTi ar aris xelnawerTa daTariRebis SecvlisaTvis. barTlome mociqulis wm. ninos winamorbedad moxsenieba, mkvlevaris azriT, ukavSirdeba im periodis kulturuli tendencie-bis kvalsa da politikur saWiroebas (gavixsenoTY giorgi mTawmindelis polemika antoqiis patriarqTan). barTlome mociqulis damowmeba am etapze qarTlis eklesiis avto-ritetulobasac gamokveTda da nakleb uvnebeli iqneboda (andria mociqulis saxelTan SedarebiT, romelic konstan-tinepolis eklesiis interesebs ufro amyarebda) (cxadaZe 1983: 254).

giorgi aTonelis TTuenSi dacul ninos sagalobleb-Si wminda ninos winamorbedad moixsenieba svimon kanan-eli; ianvris himnografiuli (giorgi aTonelis) TTuenic (romelic, Tavis mxriv, mniSvnelovan masalas warmoadgens poeturi da redaqciuli TvalsazrisiT) amyarebs zemox-senebul mosazrebas mociqulebis uSualo moRvaweobis aq-centirebiT qarTlis eklesiis avtoritetulobis dafiq-sirebis Sesaxeb.

uZvelesi etapis himnebis teqstebis atribuciis sakiT-xebi gaurkvvelia. p. ingoroyva WeliSis krebulis wm. ni-nosadmi miZRvnil sagaloblebs ninos meore himnografs miakuTvnebs, xolo X s. sinur iadgarebSi (sin-59) dacul himnebs _ ninos mesame himnografs, igive bodbel mgosans. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom VIII-IX ss-ebSi, savaraudod, moR-vaweobda ninos pirveli mexotbe, romelic mniSvnelovan figuras warmoadgenda qarTuli himnografiisaTvis da romlis teqstebsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. q. cxadaZis az-

290

riT, WeliSis krebulsa da sinur iadgarebSi daculi him-nebi ara qarTlisa da kaxeT-hereTis, aramed palestinis mwignobruli wreebidan momdinareobs (cxadaZe 1983: 256).

Semdgomi periodis sagalobelTa avtorebis vinaoba CvenTvis metnaklebad cnobilia. arsen bulmaisimisZe (XIII s.), onofre maWutaZe (XVII s. II nax.), nikoloz tfileli (or-beliani) (XVIII s.) da sxva avtorebi axal etaps qmnian wminda ninos himnografiaSi.

Tu wminda ninos Sesaxeb Seqmnili adrindeli periodis sagaloblebi gamorCeulia ukiduresi sisadaviTa da um-etesad hagiografiuli masalebiT manipulaciebiT, gior-gi aTonelis ianvris himnografiuli TTuenis Semdgom etapebze teqstebi mxatvruli TvalsazrisiT met mraval-ferovnebas avlens, cxadia, qristianuli literaturuli etiketis farglebSi.

andria mociqulis moxsenieba qarTlis ganmanaTleblad SedarebiT gviandel periods ukavSirdeba. pirvelwodebu-lis saxeli am mimarTulebiT pirvelad SiomRvimis tipiko-nis xelnawerSi (H-1349) dacul sagalobelSi gvxvdeba. xelnaweri TariRdeba XIII saukuniT da ukavSirdeba im is-toriul safexurs, rodesac saqarTvelos RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis Tema xdeba aqtualuri.

wm. ninos gamoCena Cvens mwerlobaSi saqarTvelos ekle-siis mier avtokefaliis mopovebasTan, saxelmwifoebrio-bis ideis CamoyalibebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. am periodSi win wamoiwevs bagrationTa daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da qristes Camomavlobis, qristes kvarTisa da mogvianebiT ki, saqarTvelos RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis Temebi. es aqcentebi mkveTrad daismis wm. ninos himnografiaSi da wmindanic upirvelesad gvevlineba erovnuli wmindanis statusiT, `qarTvelTa mzisa~ da RvTivkurTxeuli eris ganmanaTleblis saxiT:

`...dRes qarTvelTa mefobai gvirgvinosan iqmnebisda juariTa SeWurvili ZalTa Seimoss...da rqa eklesiisai zeSTa amaRldebis.dRes yovladwmidisa RvTismSoblisa taZarininos xsenebiTa brwyinveled Seimkvebis...~ (XIII s. SiomRvimis tipikonis xelnaweridan: H-1349 3 r).

291

rogorc cnobilia, himnografiis udidesi nawili li-turgikuli daniSnulebisaa. amis gamo sagaloblis avtore-bi cdiloben, daakavSiron esa Tu is wmindani mis winamorbed bibliur wmindanTan _ Seamkon igi winamorbedis epiTete-biT, simboloebiT. misi qebis obieqtis cxovrebaSi amoic-non is paradigmebi, romlebsac wminda werili sTavazobs. liturgikuli cnobiereba ar gulisxmobs drois empiriul ganzomilebebs: warsuls, awmyosa da momavals. liturgi-kuli dro maradiul awmyos iTavsebs da istoriul faqts akavSirebs bibliur movlenebTan. amiT liturgikaSi irR-veva is pirobiTi barieri, romelsac kalendaruli dro qm-nis da aRdgeba Sinaarsobrivi, ideuri xazi, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, movaxdinoT faqtisagan distancireba, gavaigi-voT konkretuli zogadTan da CavrToT igi bibliuri para-digmebis konteqstSi (grigolaSvili 1983: 111).

wminda ninos himnografiaSi qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis saxe funqciurad ramdenime wmindanisas ukavSirdeba: mo-ciqulebis (svimon kananeli/barTlome/andria), mose winas-warmetyvelis, RvTismSoblisa da Tavad macxovris xats.

mociqulTa moxsenieba ninosTan mimarTebiT SemTx-veviTi ar aris. samive maTgani misioneria da, garda amisa, sxvadasxva gadmocemebis mixedviT isini moiazrebian ninos winamorbed ganmanaTleblebad saqarTveloSi. himnografe-bi am sakiTxs ar uRrmavdebian, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, maTi saxelis moxseniebiT, albaT, saqarTvelos eklesiisa da misi ganmanaTleblis, ninos saxes avtoritets mateben.

mose winaswarmetyvelis xati wminda ninoSi cocxldeba, mcnebebis miRebisa da zeciur ZalebTan uSualo kontaq-tis, qadagebisa da kerpTa damarcxebis, eklesiis dafuZne-bis safuZvelze. wm. ninos himnografebi ki, ZiriTadad, or faqtors gamoyofen:

`viTarca pirvelmose mTasa mas zeda sionsa sjuli moiRo,egreve SenlocviTa moixuen RmrTisganaTni mcnebani..~

`...viTarca gamosaxa karavi wamebisaipirvel mose qristes mier

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sibrZniT WeSmaritadda Sehkribenmas Sina samebisa mgalobelni...~ (XI s. giorgi aTonelis ianvris himnografiuliTTuenis xelnaweridan: H-2338, 14 v-155r).

rogorc viciT, mose winaswarmetyvels sinas mTaze RvTi-sagan aTi mcneba gadaeca, xolo wminda nino sizmareul xil-vaSi RmrTisagan `dabeWduli wigns~, sjuls miiRebs, rac mecnierTa mier `qarTuli dekalogis~ saxeliTac iwodeba (metreveli 2000: 57). wminda ninom daaarsa qarTuli ekle-sia RvTisa da RvTismSoblis swavlebiT, iseve rogorc bib-liaSi rCeuli xalxis sjulis karavs afuZnebs mose winas-warmetyveli RvTis karnaxiTa da nebiT. orive SemTxvevaSi wm. ninosa da mose winaswarmetyvels erTi ram aerTianebs _ isini gamtarni arian saRmrTo sityvisa xalxSi. mkvlevarTa azriT, wminda nino mose winaswarmetyvels emsgavseba, agreTve, ùcxoobiT~ im erSi, romlis winaSec mas akisria misia (mose ebraeli erisaTvis, xolo wm. nino qarTvel-TaTvis) (metreveli 2000: 57). amasve unda ukavSirdebodes `tyvisa~ da `mxevlis~ epiTetebi, razedac qvemoT SevaCe-rebT yuradRebas.

wminda nino xSirad iwodeba `dedad~, `dedoflad~, `sZlad~, romlis pirvelsaxed unda miviCnioT wminda ma-riami, rogorc ieso qristes deda _ suliwmindis madlis, RvTaebrivi sawyisis mimRebi da matarebeli. samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom qarTvelTaTvis RvTis-mSoblis funqciebs iTavsebs wminda nino (siraZe 1987: 90). igi RvTaebrivi sityvis mSobelia qarTveli erisaTvis, su-liwmindis madlis mimRebi da gamtaria, rogorc qarTvel-Ta ganmanaTlebeli (gavixsenoT, `wminda ninos cxovrebi-dan~ mayvlovanSi locvis pasaJi, rac, erT-erTi mosazre-bis mixedviT, RvTismSoblis aluzias warmoadgens).

`dedisa~ da, imavdroulad, `qalwulis~ antinomiuri sa-xe, romelic RvTismSoblis xats acocxlebs, ninos sagalo-belSi Semdegnairad gansaxovndeba:

`qalwuli sanatreli dedobriviTa bunebiTaqadagad Tvisisa RmrTeebisa mogavlinaqristeman, dedao, didebulo, nino...~

(xelnaweri: H-1349, 3r)

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`sZali ninodeda gueqmna Cven meored SobiTa...~.

(xelnaweri: H-600, 37 r)

dRes Svilni sionisani,viTarca rai kravnimwuanvilovansa zedaaRimRerebdiT Znobaddedisa Tvisisa...~ (xelnaweri: H-600, 37 r)

`...embazi wmindai aRmoSobs CvilTaeklesiai mxiaruli SvilTa TvisTa Tana galobs

xmatkbilad...~ (xelnaweri: H-1349, 3r)

yoveli wmindani da morwmune qristiani arsobrivad ime-orebs im gzas, romlis magaliTic macxovarma mogvca. erT-gzisi Tu yoveldRiuri `wameba~ (Sdr. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba) is jvaria, yovelma Cvenganma rom unda itvir-Tos. àxali nino~ _ ase moixseniebs ioane zosime qarTlis ganmanaTlebels; wminda ninos sagaloblebSic ganaxlebis, gacocxlebis, qarTlis mkvdreTiT aRdgomis saswauli swored mas ukavSirdeba.

ùcnobelTa da mZimeTa saburveli guliTai aRguexsna da lodebi aReRo samareTagan da dayrolebulni mkudarni sayvirTa mier SenTa aRvemarTeniT, wmindao nino, moci-qulo qristeso.

ganRebul iqmna quesknelisa bWeebi, mkudarni, mas Sina pyrobilni satanaisni ganvTavisufldiT SemoslviTa Seni-Ta...~ _ wers arsen bulmaisimisZe (sulava 2003: 326).

àdide Sen, qriste, qarTli...RmrTisa Sewyalebuli,ninos ganaxlebuli...~.

(WeliSis krebulis xelnaweridan)

ganaxlebis, tyveobidan daxsnisa da kacobriobis xela-xali dabadebis movlena ukavSirdeba qristes aRdgomis saswauls. wminda werilis am epizodis ioane oqropiriseul ganmartebaSi vkiTxulobT, rom aRdgomis Semdeg `mkudar-ni gancxoveldebodes, tyueni ganTavisufldebodes, wmin-dani igi mamaTmTavarni da winaswarmetyvelni ixarebdes...~ (Targmanebai... III 1998: 443). amave gzas gadis qarTli wminda

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ninos SewevniT. amitom moixsenieba ucnobi himnografis mi-er qarTuli eklesiis mrevli Semdegi epiTetebiT: àxal-nayofni~, àxlisa venaxisani~.

qvemoT vrclad visaubrebT macxovris im simboloebis Sesaxeb, romlebic sagalobelTa avtorebma wminda ninos saxes moarges, Tumca aqve davamatebT, rom saRmrTo sibr-Znisa da xalxis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis RvawliT wminda nino emsgavseba macxovars. marTalia, jvarze ar ewameba, ma-gram dabrkolebebis daZleviT moaqcevs, `naTliT mosavs~, ganaaxlebs qarTvel ers.

sasuliero mwerlobis etiketi gulisxmobs ramdenime ZiriTadi principis dacvas. mwerali valdebulia, dau-kavSiros Tavisi Txrobis/qebis obieqti wminda werili-seul gmirebs; gamokveTos masSi is Tvisebebi, saswaulebi, mimarTulebebi, ris nimuSsac gvaZleven Zveli da axali aRTqmiseuli wmindanebi. mwerlebi, ZiriTadad, ar inte-resdebian iseTi detalebiT, romlebic wmindanis indivi-dualur-saxasiaTo samyaros ganekuTvneba, ar cdiloben originalobas da arc mxatvruli aqsesuarebiT teqstis abrWyvialebas. cxadia, es ar unda gavigoT, rogorc av-torTa SemoqmedebiTi sisuste, xelmocaruloba da misT. es ̀ etiketia~ da ara ̀ Sabloni~, rogorc migviTiTebs d. li-xaCovi (lixaCovi 1979: 91).

mxatvruli sisadave, sityvieri qsovilis maqsimaluri sqematuroba da ikonografiuli principebis dacva qmnis sagaloblis Tavisebur esTetikas. aq wmindanis cxovebi-seuli epizodebisa da misi saxelebis/simboloebis Canacv-leba mogvagonebs ikonografiul centralur-ciklur kom-pozicias, sadac xatis SuaSi gamoisaxeba wmindani, garSemo ki mocemulia misi cxovrebis amsaxveli scenebi.

wminda ninos Sesaxeb arsebul sagaloblebSi wmindanis cxovrebis, ZiriTadad, ramdenime epizodia gamokveTili: kerpTa msxvrevis, ninos locviT svetis aRmarTvis, sneul-Ta gankurnebisa da gamocxadebis.

rac Seexeba ara TxrobiT, aramed aRweriT, xatmetyve-lebiT naracias, aq vxvdebiT Semdeg saxelebs/simboloebs: mdinare, taZari, mTiebi, orRano, gvriti/mtredi, ebani, mze, sanTeli, orbi, lomi, mercxali da sxv.

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unda aRiniSnos, rom rodesac ninos sagaloblebis sim-boloTa genezisze vsaubrobT, gasaTvaliswinebelia ara mxolod wamyvani bibliur-qristianuli fena, aramed war-marTuli plastic, romelic axali SinaarsiT Canacvlda qristianobis mier. warmarTuli da qristianuli saxis-metyveleba erTmaneTisagan meTodologiurad gansxvave-bulia. Tuki miTosur periodSi sityva da idea erTmaneTis identuria (mze aris RmerTi), Sua saukuneebSi sityva ideis mxolod garkveuli Tvisebis aRmniSvnelia (mze RmerTis simboloa romeliRac Tvisebis mixedviT) (siraZe 1987: 5). simbolo, droTa ganmavlobaSi Tvisebis aRniSvnis funq-cias iTavsebs. himnografiaSi wmindanebs, ZiriTadad, axasi-aTeben ara Tvisebebis aRmniSvneli sityvebis moSveliebiT (mzrunveli, gulTbili, zomieri, erTguli da a.S.), aramed simboloebis saSualebiT (orbi, mze, mercxali, guriti da sxv.).

mdinare miTologiur, bibliur da qristianul simbo-likaSi nayofierebis, ganaxlebis, ganwmendis Sinaarss atarebs. mdinareSi xdeboda naTloba, mdinare atarebda Tevzs da anayofierebda miwas, amdenad, siuxvesTanac iyo dakavSirebuli (iob. 26,6; fs. 1,3; es. 32,20). sayuradReboa isic, rom nayofierebis momniWebeli Zala hqonda armazis warmarTul RvTaebas, rasac SemdgomSi nino iTavsebs (gon-jilaSvli 2006: 40).

Cveni azriT, mdinarisgan gansxvavebuli semantika aqvs wyaros. igi ufro metad statikaze, gaCerebul sivrceze da erT wertilze irientirebuli simboloa. mdinaris saxeSi ki aqcenti sxva TvisebebTan erTad mis mdinarebaze, moZ-raobazea gadatanili.

`...moxued alagTa wmindaTa TayuanissacemelTada mier, viTarcasaRmrTo mdinaremdidradmomrwyveli pirsa yovlisa queyanisasa...~ .


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àRavse taZari Seni, wmindao, sakvirvelebiTa da viTar-ca wyaroi dauwyvedeli aRmodis aw mas Sina madli kurne-baTai senTa uZlurebis da adideben mas...~ (Dumbarton Oaks-is xelnaweri, 221 �- 224 �).

àRmoucenne Sen dRes nawilni Senni kurnebisa wyarosa uxvad...~ (iqve).

wyaro ufro metad deduri sawyisis, mkvidris paradig-mas moergeba. bibliuri gaazrebiTac is araerTxel gamoi-yeneba meuRlis, qristes eklesiis mniSvnelobiT: `baRi xar daxSuli, dao Cemo, Wa dagmanuli, wyaro dabeWdili...~ (qeba 4,12).

amis miuxedavad, mdinarisa da wyaros simboloebi wminda ninos erTi da imave niSnebis safuZvelze miesadageba. orive maTgani, am SemTxvevaSi, gulisxmobs bunebis/qveynis ganax-lebas, xelaxal Sobas, madlis gamocemas, nayofierebas.

wyaros msgavsi simboloa taZari, Tumca zemoxsenebuli mizezebis gamo igi ar dajgufdeba mdinaris Sinaarsobriv wreSi. maTes saxarebis ganmartebaSi RvTismSoblis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: `qalwulebai, viTarca patiosani da wmidai, gamoirCia ganmwmedelman man wmidaTaman da taZarsa mas Sina ganuxrwnelsa daimkvidra~ (Targmanebai... I 1996: 48). am SemTxvevaSi deduri wiaRis aRmniSvnelad mocemulia taZari, romelmac unda Svas macxovari. wm. ninos, rogorc qarTveli eris sulier mSobels, Semdegi sityvebiT mimar-Tavs himnografi:

`...taZari Seni, ubiwoo,saRmrToiTa madliTa ganaxlebul ars~.


`movediT, ugalobdeTSesxmiTa qebiT mxnesa ninos,taZarsa mas wmidasa...~ (iqve).

àRsavse ars taZari Seni sakvirvelebiTa da viTarca wyaroi dauwyvedeli, aRmodis mas Sinamadli kurnebaTai...~ (xelnaweri: H-2338, 141 �-155r).

taZari is sawyisia, wiaRia, romelmac unda Svas ganaxle-buli qarTli da Cvil mrevls sulieri sazrdo miawodos:

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`vixarebT aRmodabadebulni Sen mier, nino,da qristesa ugalobT...~ (xelnaweri: H-1349, 3r).

`sZali nino...guzrdida sZiTa sulieriTa...~.

(xelnaweri: Jer-42, 78 r)

RvTaebrivi sibrZnis gacxadebisa da suliwmindis madlis gamocemis Sinaarss atarebs, agreTve, simboloebi: orRano, ebani, qnari, rogorc musikaluri sakravebi. sainteresoa, rom ebraelebi am sakravebs wminda xeebis _ kviparozisa da sandalozisgan amzadebdnen. imave masalas iyenebdnen gun-drukTan erTad sakmevlis Sezavebis dros. aqedanve Cans, rom sagaloblis dakvra _ RvTis didebis aRvlena, Zalian hgavs kmevas, romelic imave Sinaarsis matarebelia.

`sityvisa RvTisa msaxursa,mociqulTa didebasa,ebansa sulierisa eklesiisasa,orRanosa xmatkbilad mZnobarsada qnarsa pirmetyvelsa...~.

(xelnaweri: H-1349, 3r).

`mihfina siZeman suli igisions gardamosrulida Tvisadmociqulad Sehmzada,viTar orRanoi SvidTa maTsulisa RirsTa madliTa...~ (iqve).

garda amisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom sakravTa simboloebis mniSvneloba ambivalenturia. isini, erTi mxriv, RvTisadmi madlierebas da mis didebas gulisxmobs, meore mxriv ki Tavad gadmoscems RvTiur madls, saRmrTo sibrZnesTan aziarebs msmenels. cnobilia, rom melodiis harmoniulo-ba Zvel berZnebSive harmoniuli sulis Secnobis saSualeba iyo.

vardi tipologiurad imave jgufis mxatvruli saxea, sa-dac Sinaarsobrivad gavaerTianeT musikaluri sakravebi. erT sagalobelSi vkiTxulobT:

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`viTarca aremanzafxulisaman aRmoacennisferad-feradni surnelebani,egreT ganSuenda ninos mierqueyanai igi qarTlisai...da viTarca vardi sulneliaRayuavile, netaro,sarwmunoebai qristes RmrTisai...~.

(xelnaweri: H-2338, 141�-155r).

marTalia, es mxatvruli Sedareba uSulod wminda ninos ar miemarTeba, magram himnografi gveubneba, rom wmindanma qristes rjuli qarTvelebisaTvis `Semecnebadi~ gaxada. is Tvisebebi, romelic vards (an, zogagad, yvavils) aqvs: sila-maze, keTilsurneleba, sicxade, wminda ninom qristianobas SesZina qarTvelTa winaSe, e.i. rogorc gafurCqnuli yvavi-li, ucxo sjuli gaacxada da misi surneliT (anu suliwmin-dis madliT) `Semosa~ adamianebi. sayuradReboa, rom pavle mociqulis erT-erT epistoleSi qristes mociqulebs ase-Ti Sedareba miemarTeba: `...qristes sulnelebani varT...~ (II kor. 2,15), e. i. qristes sibrZnes gamovTqvamT, ganvacxa-debT.

gancxadebis, naTelyofis mniSvnelobiT yvavilis sim-bolos wmindanis aRmniSvnelad vxvdebiT Semdeg konteqstSi:

`...monazonebisa yuavilo da simtkiceo,gacxadebulad niSnida saswaulni uaRres cnobaTaSen mier moeniWebian morwmuneTa...~.

(xelnaweri: H-2338, 141�-155r).

saRmrTo sityvis, `dabeWduli~ sibrZnis gacxadeba, naTelyofa dakavSirebulia naTlis esTetikasTan, rac mamoZravebeli RerZia qarTuli warmarTuli da qristia-nuli simbolikisa. naTeli dionise areopagelis mixedviT, keTili sawyisia, sisavsea. amdenad, naTeli ar SeiZleba uke-Turebis, borotebis Sinaarss atarebdes.

warmarTuli periodis kulturaSi mZlavrobda mzisa da mTvaris, mnaTobTa kulti. mze mamakacur sawyiss ganasaxie-rebda, miwa _ dedurs, romelic mzis energiiT ivseboda da

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nayofierdeboda (siraZe 1987: 15). mzis wilad dedamiwaze iTvleboda vazi (mcenareTa Soris), lomi (cxovelTa So-ris), arwivi (frinvelTa Soris). iqmneboda mzis sagaloble-bi, romelTa nawilic dRemdea SemorCenili (`lile~, `mzev, Sin Semodio~). igive esTetika qristianobam SeinarCuna. qarTul kulturaSi yvela etapze wamyvani roli ekisreba mzisa da naTlis esTetikas. qristianul xelovnebaSi Senar-Cunebulia mzisa da vazis simbolika: CuqurTma (S asos ms-gavsi), romelic vazis grafikuli versiaa; bolnuri jvari, romlis garSemomwereli wre mzis aRmniSvnelia (siraZe 1987: 12) da sxv.

`wminda ninos cxovrebis~, iseve rogorc mis Sesaxeb dawerili sagaloblebis wamyvani esTetikuri xazic naT-lis esTetikaa. nino iwodeba `mzed~, `mTiebad~, `sanTlad~, `lomad~, òrbad~... dasaxelebuli simboloebi sxva SemTx-vevaSi miemarTeba rogorc sxvadasxva wmindans, aseve, Ta-vad ufals.

lomisa da orbis/arwivis simboloebi samefo (gada-taniTi mniSvnelobiT _ RvTaebrivi) sawyisis aRmniSvne-lia. igi atarebs mzis, cecxlis stiqionis niSnebs. qarTul ikonografiaSi daculia wminda mamais xati, romelic lomzea amxedrebuli, xelSi jvari uWiravs da Tavze oqros-feri diadema adgas. lomis fafris kowolebi ki aso S-s, anu vazis grafikuli simbolos formisaa. yvela es atributi samefo/RvTaebrivi Zalmosilebis gamomxatvelia. garda amisa, erTdroulad iTavsebs warmarTul da qristianul plastebs (siraZe 1987: 24). aseTive ekleqturi simboloebia wminda ninos aRmniSvmneli `lomi~ da òrbi~.

lomi gamocxadebaSi qristes simbolod gvevlineba: `...aha, imZlavra lomma iudas tomisgan, daviTis fesvma, romelic gaSlis am wigns da Svid beWeds axsnis mas~ (gamocx. 5,5). orbi ki samefo Zalmosilebis garda RvTis mier ekle-siisadmi gansakuTrebul zrunvasac gulisxmobs (gamocx. 12,14; gam. 19,4).

arsen bulmaisimisZis wminda ninos sagaloblis ùfalo mesmasas~ odaSi vkiTxulobT: `lomebr axovan iyav, brZeno. guliTa ara grcxvenoda qadagebad qristesa...~; òrbebr gugasa Sina mxedvelobiTsa Seikribe Sen sivrcei sofli-

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sai, nino, da ganicaden uWmni saWmlad keTilni da mimarTe, vidremdis brWalsa Sensa xelT usxenca did sanoaged moq-medman~ (sulava 2003: 326). moyvanil magaliTebSi ramdenime sakiTxia yuradsaRebi. orbis mxatvruli saxis gaSlisas avtori mis Tvisebebs Soris gamokveTs frinvelis mtace-bel bunebas, rac mogvagonebs winaswarmetyvelis sityvebs: `matl var da ara kac~ (fs. 21,7) am simbolos ganmartebas àbos wamebaSic~ amovikiTxavT: `viTarca samWeduri matl-sa Sina, egreT xorcTa Sina TvisTa dafara RmrTeebai igi Tvisi da ufskrulTa amis soflisaTa STaagdo da aRmoiq-va, viTarca keTilman meTevzurman, romlisTvisca ityvis: `Seipyra veSapi igi samWeduriTa...~ (Zveli qarTuli... 1964: 54) borotis Semusrvisa da keTilis monadirebis Sinaarss unda Seicavdes orbis mxatvruli saxe. amave principiT aris Sedarebuli wminda nino meTevzes:

`badiTa moZRurebisaTamoinadire sofeli.siRrmiT umecrebisaiT aRmoiyvanen kacni...~.

(xelnaweri: H-1349, 3r)

`hoi, saswauli sakvirvelTai,rameTu uZluri igibunebai dedobriviqristes mier sakvirvelad ganZlierdebisda simxnesa meTevzurTasa miemsgavsebis...~

(xelnaweri: H-2338, 141�-155r).

meTevzisa da orbis mxatvruli saxeebi erTmaneTTan SeiZleba davakavSiroT xalxTa moqcevis, misioneruli Rvawlis safuZvelze.

mniSvnelovania da dakvirvebas imsaxurebs erTi deta-li. zemoT moyvanil sagalobelSi arsen bulmaisimisZe sa-gangebod gamokveTs, rom orbi `gugasa Sina mxedvelobiT-sa~ `Seikrebs~ qveynierebas. cnobilia, rom orbs marTlac gamorCeuli mxedveloba aqvs, Tumca aq kidev erTi mize-zis gamo unda iyos gamokveTili da aqcentirebuli orbis Tvalebi. v. bardaveliZis dakvirvebiT, ramdenadac Tvale-bi mziuri energiis matarebeli organoa, qarTul frazeo-

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logiaSi igi Tavisuflad Caenacvleba mzis saxes: `Senma mzem~ _ gamoTqmis svanuri daficebis ekvivalentia `Senma Tvalebma~ (bardaveliZe 2006: 64). garda amisa, wm. barbare, romlis saxelic, mkvlevarTa azriT, sityva `borbalisgan~ momdinareobs (da mzis, maradiuli ganaxlebis Sinaarss atarebs), swored Tvalis mkurnalad iTvleba qristian-uli tradiciis mixedviT (gonjilaSvili 2006: 167). mzis energias atarebs bivrilis Tvalic. `wminda ninos cxovre-baSi~ armazis RvTaebas Tvalebi swored bivrilis patio-sani qvisa aqvs. kerpTa msxvrevis Semdeg ki wm. nino bomonis bivrilis Tvlebs inarCunebs. mecnierTa mier gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom `ninos cxovrebis~ es pasaJi alegoriulad gamoxatavs swored mzis, naTlis esTetikis Sewynarebas qristianobis mier (siraZe 1987: 17). unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am Tu sxva mizezis gamo qristianul ikonografiaSi xe-lebTan erTad, aqcenti swored wmindanis Tvalebze keTde-ba. `ninos cxovrebaSi~ mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba wmin-danis Tmebsac, romlis bibliur da miTologiur semanti-kas, aseve mzisa da naTlis paradigmebTan mivyavarT. erT-erT sagalobelSi vkiTxulobT:

`...varskulavsa dauvalsada mTiebsa brwyinvalesa,mzeebr mnaTobsaninos ugalobdeT...~.


imave mxatvrul saxeebs msgavs konteqstSi vxvdebiT A-160 xelnawerSi dacul sagalobelSic:

`mzeebr dauvali, mze mzisa qadagi,sanTeli elvare, Saravandedivarskulavi, mTiebi mTovareeTeri naTeli...~ (xelnaweri: A-160, 109 r).

aSkaraa, rom rogorc himnografiuli nawarmoebis wesi moiTxovs, avtorebi cdiloben, saRmrTo saxelebi wminda ninos moargon sxvadaxva Tvisebebis safuZvelze.

mze wm. samebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli simboloa. mTie-bi, igive ciskris varskvlavi ZeRmrTis hipostasis aRmniSv-

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nelad gvevlineba wminda werilSi. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos isic, rom mTiebis gamoCena axal aRTqmaSi macxovris Sobas ukavSirdeba. wm. nino ki, rogorc `mTiebi~, qarTlis sulieri dabadebis, ganaxlebis momaswavebelia.

ratom irCeven wminda mamebi, mociqulebi, maxareblebi da sasuliero mwerlobis sxvadasxva Janris moRvaweebi Zvel, warmarTul simboloebs (varskvlavi, mze da sxv.) da ratom ar SemoiReben axal ideologiasTan erTad axal saazrovno formebs? am sakiTxs maTes saxarebis ganmartebaSi ioane oqropiri vrcel msjelobas uTmobs macxovris Sobis epi-zodis ganmartebisas: `...pavleca mociqulman qmna, etyoda rai aTinelTa; dawyebai sityvisa Tvisisai wesisa misgan iyo, romelsa igini Cueul iyvnes da bomonni samsaxurebelTa maTTa axsena da sityvani maTTa maT sityvis moqmedTani ax-sena wamebad Tvisisa mis qadagebisa~ (Targmanebai... I 1996: 109). ioane oqropiris ganmartebiT, RmerTmac swored imi-tom dauSva varskvlaviT miniSneba upirveles saswaulze, rom mogvTaTvis ase ufro gasagebi da misaRebi gaxdeboda maTTvis ucxo sjulis sibrZnismetyveleba.

naTlis umTavresi Tvisebaa sicxade. qristianis da, miT ufro, misioneris valia, madli gamosces moyvasTaTvis, ar Seinaxos ̀ xvimirSi~ (Sdr. maTe 5,15) is sisavse, romelic su-liwmidis madliT mieniWeba. Cveni azriT ̀ sanTeli~ da ̀ naT-lis sveti~ swored imitom miemarTeba wminda ninos, rom igi gaacxadebs, naTels mohfens dafarul WeSmaritebas. iesos naTlisRebas sxvagvarad `gancxadebasac~ uwodeben wminda mamebi, radgan am dros samebis samive hipostasi adamian-TaTvis AaRqmadi gaxda.

SedarebiT bundovania gvritis, mtredisa da mercxlis simboloebi:

`nelsacxebelsa kualTaSenTasa, qriste,siZeo Sueniero,misdevda wmidaida umankoi mxevalida tredi wmindai,guriti Suenierida mecxali xmatkbili...~.


303

`vRaRadebT misa mimarT: gixaroden,tredo umankoo dagurito siwmindis moyvareo...~ (iqve).

`dasavalisa tredmanaRmosavals samoTxe CueniganaSuena budeTaTvisTa mier netarmannino...guritman suliT da xorciTganwmendilman, mogiZia Sentredi, sulTa cxorebai,maxarebeli gulTai,RmrTisa dedao...~ (iqve).

mtredisa da gvritis simboloebi bibliaSi ukavSirdeba umankoebas, morCilebas, erTgulebas, msxverplad Sewir-vas, tkbilxmovanebas, siaxlis Semotanas, simSvides (qeba 1,5; 2,14; dab. 8, 8-12; maT. 10-16). mercxali cnobilia drois sworad SerCevis niWiT (ierem. 8,7) da tkbilxmovanebiT. rogorc vxedavT, dasaxelebuli simboloebi semantikuri TvalsazrisiT srul mravalferovnebas avlens, Tumca moyvanil teqstTa konteqstebi garkveul mimarTulebas gvaZlevs. mocemul magaliTebSi gvritisa da mtredis saxe-ebi morCilebas, umankoebas, simyudroes aRniSnavs, xolo mercxlis Tvisebebidan aqcenti mis tkbilxmovanebazea ga-datanili.

garda am konkretuli Tvisebebisa, gvritis saxis qris-tianuli egzegetikuri gaazrebidan mniSvnelovan masa-las gvawvdis ioane oqropiris mier gamoTqmuli homilia: `gvritisaTvis da wmidisa eklesiisaTvis~, sadac gvritis simbolo solomonis `qeba qebaTadan~ qristes eklesiis saxed aris miCneuli. gvriti ganasaxierebs dedur sawyiss, romelic gasaocar erTgulebas iCens Tavisi mewyvilisad-mi, rogor erTgulebasac eklesia iCens RmerTis mimarT (sinuri mravalTavi 1959: 225). wminda ninos saxis dakav-Sirebac gvritis simbolosTan swored qristes eklesiis dafuZnebas unda ukavSirdebodes.

mtreds da gvrits Zvel aRTqmaSi ebraelebi msxverplad swiravdnen. wminda ninoc araerTxel moixsenieba `tyved~,

304

`mxevlad~, rogorc `wminda ninos cxovrebaSi~, aseve mis Sesaxeb arsebuli sagaloblebis zogierT redaqciebSi.

`sameufoTa ezoT Segiwynares, viTarca tyue da ucxoi...~ _ wers arsen bulmaisimisZe (sulava 2003: 327).

`qarTlisa mzesa dauvalsamxevalsa dedisa RmrTisasaninos galobiTa sulieriTa SevasxmideT...~.


`nelsacxebelTa kualTa SenTasa, qriste, misdevda wmidaida umankoi mxevali...~ (iqve).

`...sanatreli ninomxevali yovelTa mxsnelisai,romeli kualsa missa Seudga...~.(xelnaweri: H-2338, 141�-155r).

`tyvis~ saxis gaazrebam samecniero literaturaSi xang-rZlivi polemika da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia, Tumca dResdReobiT miiCneva, rom wminda nino tyvea, mxevalia im-denad, ramdenadac yvela morwmune adamiani RvTis monaa, misi nebis aRmasrulebelia da amqveynisaTvis tyvea, radgan maradiul samSoblos eswrafvis (alibegaSvili 2001: 13).

wminda ninos xati, romelsac qmnis qarTuli himnogra-fia, bunebiT ekleqturia, misi saTaveebi unda veZioT rogorc qristianuli, aseve warmarTuli periodis kul-turebSi, ramdenadac orive plasts Seicavs. anTropomor-fuli qalRvTaebis rekonstruirebis mcdeloba da misi saxis wminda ninosTan dakavSirebis precedenti samecni-ero literaturaSi ukve arsebobs (siraZe 1987: 127). miiC-neva, rom wminda ninos xati garkveul etapze iTavsebs ad-gilis dedis, dedauflis, mzis asulis arqetips, romelic unda yofiliyo armazis RvTaebis qaluri variacia. amitom miewereba ninos is Tvisebebi (nayofiereba, amindis gankargva), romelsac, Tavdapirvelad armazi iTavsebda. mkvlevarTa azriT, wm. ninosagan armazis TvalTa Sewynarebac misi lit-eraturuli xatis mier warmarTuli formebis morgebas gamoxatavs.

305

rac Seexeba wm. ninos qristianul `xats~, razedac ze-moT visaubreT, misi aRmniSvneli simboloebi, sabolood, davajgufeT semantikur-tipologiurad. pirvel nakadSi moviazreT is mxatvruli saxeebi, romlebic mZafrad Tu SedarebiT mkrTalad gamoxatavs `moZravis~, misioneris, sulieri mebrZolis paradigmas: lomi, orbi, meTevze, mze, naTlis sveti, mdinare, mTiebi, orRano, ebani, qnari, mercx-ali, sanTeli. simboloTa meore jgufSi moviazreT Semde-gi mxatvruli saxeebi: deda, sZali, mtredi, gvriti, taZari _ deduri sawyisis gamomxatveli simboloebi*. miuxedavad aseTi dajgufebisa, unda aRvniSnoT, rom simboloebi, rom-lebic, erTi SexedviT, erTmaneTisagan dapirispirebulia, amave dros, garkveulwilad, arc gamoricxavs urTierTs. dapirispirebulTa erTianoba xom qristianuli RvTisme-tyvelebis umTavresi konceptualuri sayrdenia.

ase iqmneba ninos sagaloblebSi himnografiuli xati, romlis mTavari RerZia antinomiuroba, sawinaaRmdegoTa Tanxvedris filosofia. am principiT axerxeben avtore-bi, wmindanis saxes erTdroulad SeuTavson rogorc tyve qalis, aseve mefis roli, gvritisa da orbis/arwivis sim-boloebi da dumiliT, saTnoebebiT, fizikuri uZlurebiT mopovebuli Zalmosileba. amgvari axleburi xedva moaqvs qristianTaTvis macxovars axali aRTqmiT, xolo àxal ni-nos~ axali msoflmxedvelobiT moqceuli qarTlisaTvis.

damowmebani:

alibegaSvili 2001: alibegaSvili g. `moqcevai qarTlisais~ paradigme-bi. Jurn. literaturuli Ziebani 22. Tb.: gamomcemloba `merani~, 2001.

bardaveliZe 2006: bardaveliZe v. qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis istoriidan. Tb.: gamomcemloba `kavkasiuri saxli~, 2006.

gonjilaSvli 2006: gonjilaSvili n. wminda ninos cxovrebis paradig-muli saxeebi. Tb.: gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2006.

grigolaSvili 1983: grigolaSvili l. droisa da sivricis poeti-kisaTvis qarTul himnografiaSi. ivironi _ 1000. Tb.: `Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetis gamomcemloba~, 1983.

Targmanebai... I 1996: Targmanebai maTes saxarebisa: wigni I. Tb.: 1996.Targmanebai... III 1998: Targmanebai maTes saxarebisa: wigni III: Tb.: 1998.

* am `xatis~ garSemo jgufdeba is epizodebi ninos cxovrebidan, romlebsac himnografia xSirad moixseniebs: kerpTa msxvrevis, ninos locviT svetis aR-marTvis, gamocxadebisa da saswaulTmoqmedebis scenebi.

306

lixaCovi 1979: Поэтика древнерусской литературы. М.: 1979.metreveli 2000: metreveli f. agiografiuli sityva da logosi. Tb.:

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2000.sinuri mravalTavi... 1959: iovane oqropiri. guritisaTvos da wmidisa

eklesiisaTvis. sinuri maravalTavi 864 wlisa. Tb.: Tsu Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi 5, 1959.

siraZe 1987: siraZe r. literaturul-esTetikuri narkvevebi. Tb.: gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, 1987.

siraZe 1987: siraZe r. qarTuli agiografia: Tb.: gamomcemloba `nak-aduli~: 1987.

sulava 2003: sulava n. XII-XIII saukuneebis qarTuli himnografia. Tb.: gamomcemloba `merani~, 2003.

cxadaZe 1983: cxadaZe q. ninos sagaloblebi giorgi aTonelis TvenSi. ivironi _ 1000. Tb.: `Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemlo-ba~, 1983.

Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. wigni I, Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1964.

Keti Ninidze

St. Nino’s Hymnographical Icon

Summary

St. Nino’s literary and historical images have made valuable contribu-tion to the development of Georgian culture and public consciousness. There exist several texts describing the saint’s life and hymns created for praising her. The oldest hymns that have come up to us belong to the IX-X centuries and they are based on Shatberdi-Chelishian �ersion of her “Life”. Most of them contain episodes how st. Nino demolished the idols, how the “Light Column” was raised after her preyor, how she cured the sick etc.

The research work in�estigates Biblical parallels and Christian sym-bols (such as: river, spring, temple, rose, lion, eagle, sun, pigeon, candle etc.) used in the analysed texts.

Special attention is paid to the antinomycal features, emphasized in the Saint’s image, such as a captive and a king, strength and weakness, poverty and wealth.

307

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щее, Будущее», Краткое содержание докладов, Тб., 2000.Марр Н.Я., Хитон господен в книжных легендах армян, грузин и сирии-327. цев, сборник статей учеников проф. В.Р. Розена, СПБ., 1897. Марр Н.Я., Рецензия: M. Wardrop and I. Wardrop, Life of St. Nino (Oxford, 328. 1900), записки восточного отделения императорского русского общества, т. ХIII (1), СПБ, 1900.Марр Н.Я., Боги языческой Грузии по древнегрузинским источникам, 329. СПБ., 1901.Марр Н.Я., Крещение армян, грузин, абхазов и аланов святым Григорием 330. (Арабская версия), Записки Восточного Отделения Императорского Рус-ского Общества 06, т. XVI, СПБ., 1906.Меликишвили Г.А., К истории древней Грузии, Тб., 1959.331. Меликсет-Беков Л.М., К вопросу о настоящем имени просветительницы 332. Грузии, Тф., 1914.Мурадян П.М., Кавказс333. кий культурный мир и культ Григория Просвети-теля, Кавказ и Византия, вып. 3, Ер. 1982.Натроев А., Мцхета и его собор Светицховели, Тф., 1900.334. Обращение Грузии. Перевод с древнегрузинского Е.С. Такаишвили, Ре-335. дакционная обработка, исследование и комментарии М.С. Чхартишвили, Тб., 1989.Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви. Составил и перевел с 336. грузинских подлинников М.П. Сабинин, I, СПБ., 1871.Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви. Составил и перевел с 337. грузинских подлинников М.П. Сабинин, III, СПБ., 1873. Сабинин А.С., Истории Нунэ в армянской действительности, 338. saqarT-velos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv- ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv- mecnierebaTa akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-mecnierebaTa akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv- akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-akademiis me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv- me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-me-40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv--40 wlisTavisadmi miZRv-wlisTavisadmi miZRv- miZRv-miZRv-nili axalgazrda mecnier-filologTa sakavSiro samecniero konferenciis Tezisebi, Tb., 1981.Сабинин. М., Иверская церковь до конца VI века, CПБ., 1877.339. Такаишвили Е.С., источники грузинских летописей Три хроники. сбор-340. ник материалов для описания местностей и племен Кавказа, вып. 28, Тф., 1900.Такаишвили Е.С., Описание рукописей библиотеки “Общества распро-341. странения грамотности среди грузинского населения, Сборник материа-лов для описания местностей и племен Кавказа, вып. 41, Тф., 1910; вып. 43 Тф., 1912.Такаишвили Е.С., Описание рукописей библиотеки “Общества распро-342. странения грамотности среди грузинского населения”, т. II, Тф., 1912.Хаханов А.С., Источники по введению христианства в Грузии, М., 1893.343. Цихистави Н., “Чтобы все люди спаслись и пришли к уразумению истины 344. . . .” Литературная Грузия, №9, 1989.Цихiставi Н., “... Шоб усi люди порятувалися i пришли до разумiння 345. iстини”. . . Хроника, К., 2001.Цулая Г., “Житие св. Нины” как источник по истории народов Кавказа, 346. Вестник Академии Наук ГССР (СИАЭИИ), №3, 1979.

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Santa Nino, Apostolo della Georgia, “Osser�atore �omano” dei 10 e 11 Luglio 364. 1939., “Osser�atore �omano”, �oma, 17 Giugno 1980.Santa Nino, Encoclopedia Cattalica, Citta’ del Vaticano, �ol. VI, 1951.365. Thierry N., Iconographie cappadocienne et georgienne. Similitudes, Bedi Kar-366. tlisa, vol. XXXVIII, 1980.

Semdgenlebi:filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori d. menabde

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori q. mania

327

teqsti

`wmida ninos cxovrebis~ uZvelesi

redaqciebi

“wmida ninos cxovrebis” uZvelesi redaqciebi Sesu-lia “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” saxeliT cnobil krebul-Si. dRevandeli mdgomareobis mixedviT, “moqcevaÁ qar-TlisaÁ” Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: pirvel nawils pi-robiTad uwodeben “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs matianes” an “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs qronikas”, romelSic Sedis “wmida ninos cxovrebis” mokle redaqcia, xolo meores _ sa-kuTriv “wmida ninos cxovrebas”, romelic warmoadgens mis vrcel redaqcias.

1990 wels sinas mTis wmida ekaterines monasterSi 1975 wels aRmoCenil xelnawerebs Soris gamovlinda “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs” ori xelnaweri _ N/Sin-48 da N/Sin-50*, romlebic Seicaven “wmida ninos cxovrebis” orive redaqcias.Esinuri xelnawerebi ufro Zvelia, vidre aqamde cnobili Satberduli da WeliSuri xelnawerebi.

N/Sin-48-Si teqsti Tavsa da boloSi naklulia. il. abulaZis gamocemiT** Tu vimsjelebT, SemorCenilia IV-XII paragrafebi: moyolebuli epizodidan, rodesac wm. ninom sam wels mayvlovanSi locvis Semdeg vazis nasx-levisgan jvari Seqmna, damTavrebuli qarTlSi asurel mamaTa mosvliT. teqsti mcire gamonaklisebis garda kargad ikiTxeba. paleografiis mixedviT (mxedvelobaSi maqvs rogorc nusxa_xucuris, ise asomTavrul grafema-Ta moxazuloba) xelnaweri IX-X ss-iT an adreuli meaTe saukuniT unda daTariRdes.

N/Sin-50 warmoadgens krebuls, romelSic gaerTianeb-ulia Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis iseTi mniSvnelovani Zeglebi, rogoricaa “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ” da “asurel mamaTa cxovrebis wignebi”. es xelnaweric naklulia da

* Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni I, Tb. 1961.** Sdr. fs. 1. 2, 132. 2.

328

masSi ar aris Semonaxuli “matianis” is nawili, romel-Sic unda yofiliyo “wmida ninos cxovrebis” mokle redaqcia. rac Seexeba “wmida ninos cxovrebis” vrcel redaqcias, igi N/Sin-50-Si srulad aris daculi.

paleografiis mixedviT N/Sin-50 IX-X saukuneebiT unda daTariRdes. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia singuri asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli saTaurebi.

axali koleqciis Sin-50 sinas mTisaTvis Seuwiravs vinme bers arSuSa-yofils iovanes Tavisi sulis mosax-seneblad da misi SvilebisaTvis (demetri, adarnerse da nerse) salocvelad. anderZSi moxseniebuli anTro-ponimebi, agreTve, xelnaweris siZveleze laparakoben. xe-lnaweri Sewiruli unda iyos imave piris mier, vinc wm. sabas lavras palestinaSi IX-X saukuneebis mijnaze Ses-wira specialistTaTvis kargad cnobili Wil-etratis iadgari. amas ueWvelad adasturebs N/Sin-50-sa da Wil-etratis iadgarisaTvis gakeTebuli Sinaarsobrivad da paleografiulad identuri anderZi: “qriste, Seiwyale iovane, amin”.

N/Sin-50-s sakmao sizustiT aTariReben teqstSi moce-muli Semdegi cnobebi:

1. “moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁsTvis” darTuli qarTlis kaTa-likosebis sia Sedgenilia Satberdis krebulis siasTan (ukanaskneli kaTalikosia arseni II _ daxloebiT 955-985 ww) SedarebiT sami kaTalikosiT adre da mTavrdeba arseni I didi kaTalikosis (860-887 ww) momdevno meore kaTalikosze (basili), ramac SeuZlebelia X s-is damdeg-ze Sors gadaiwios.

2. “ioane zedaznelis cxovrebaSi” Setanili zedaznis mamaTa sia, TviTeuli maTganis zeobis xangrZlivobis mi-TiTebiT, aseve X s-is damdegze miuTiTebs.

3. meaTe sakunis damdegze miuTiTebs, agreTve, “ioane zedaznelis cxovrebaSi” sivnieTis dedoflis amaspos (somxuri wyaroebis hamaspruhi//hamaspuhi) rogorc im droisaTvis cocxlis moxsenieba.

329

gamocemis Sesaxeb

winamdebare gamocemaSi ori sinuri xelnaweris mixed-viT qveyndeba “wmida ninos cxovrebis” orive redaqcia: mokle da vrceli. mokle redaqcias Sinaarsoblivad Sesavsebad dasawyisi nawili damatebuli aqvs Satberdu-li xelnaweridan. sxva mcire danaklisebi Sevsebuli ar aris. mkiTxvelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom sinuri Sat-berdulisgan naklul nawilSic gansxvavebuli iqneboda, amitom es Sevseba pirobiTia. sinuri teqstebi ZiriTa-dad qveyndeba ise, rogorc es xelnawerebSia mocemuli. datovebulia xelnaweris orTografia: magaliTad i<>Á, u<>o, e<>À. yvela teqstologiuri operacia teqstSive aris aRniSnuli specialuri niSnebiT. es niSnebia: [ ] SemTxveviT gamorCenilis aRdgena, < > uyuradRebobiT gamowveuli metoba. gadamwerebis iseTi Secdoma, romel-ic sityvis azrs cvlis an amaxinjebs, gasworebulia da xelnaweris varianti Catanilia sqolioSi.

A“wmida ninos cxovrebis” vrceli redaqciis axal gamocemaSi Tavebis saTvalavi tradiciulisgan gansx-vavebiT aris mocemuli. mTavari is aris, rom Cemi azriT, e.w. “matianes” Tavisi saTvalavi ar unda hqonoda. rogorc Cans, is calke wignad iyo gaazrebuli “wm. ninos cxovre-basTan” gaerTianebis merec. Tavebis saTvalavi iwyeboda “wm. ninos cxovrebidan”. “wm. ninos cxovrebisaTvis” da-narTad ganixileboda, agreTve, “mirian mefis anderZi” da iakob mRvdlis “jvris aRmarTebisaTvis” Txroba, rom-lebic aseve saTvalavis gareT aris gatanili.

zaza aleqsiZe

330

te q ste b igamosacemad moamzada da SeniSvnebi daurTo

zaza aleqsiZem

Satberduli redaqcia

da iyo, dReTa kostantine mefisaTa, qristes aRmaRle-biTgan samas da meaTesa welsa, iyo Ruawli brZolisaÁ mterTagan da friad ereodes mefesa kostantines, Zesa kostaÁssa. da gulgdebul iyo urvaTagan kostanti keisari.

iyo vinme kaci efeseli da warmoTqua winaSe mefisa, viTarmed: `qristeaneni igi hromni da yovelni hindoni da visca vis aqus Sjuli igi axali qristes wmidisaÁ ZeliT juarisaÁTa da misiTa sasovebiTa sZleven mterTa Zlierad~.

mas Jamsa aRiZra mefÀ gundebiTa, da waravlina moy-vanebad ebiskoposTa ierusalÀmiT, antioqiaÁT, hromiT da aleqsandriaÁT. da naTel-iRo man Tavadman da dedaman misman banakiTurT.

miT JamiTgan meaTesa welsa warvida helene ierusa-lÀmd Ziebad patiosnisa juarisa. da meaToTxmetesa wel-sa ivltoda dedakaci vinme mefeTa evadagi, saxeliT rif-sime, romlisame mizezisaTÂs deda-mZuZiTurT.

da iyo mis Tana tyue erTi dedakaci Suenieri, saxeliT nino, romlisa saqmÀ misi gamoiZia helene dedofalman, da iyo igi hromi mTavari, da TÂT moevlo gzaÁ TÂsi da eqmnnes kurnebani. da mowevnul iyo saberZneTa da hmoZ-Rurida mTavarsa mas rifsimes.

da viTarca warmoivltoda rifsime zRuad, gaÁane da nino da sxuani vinme maT Tana gamovides areTa somxiTi-saTa, sayofelsa Trdat mefisasa, da igini imartÂlnes mun.

xolo nino daSTa da warmoemarTa mTaTa kerZo Cr-diloÁsaTa da movida mdinaresa mtkuarsa, mohyva da mov-ida mcxeTad, qalaqsa didsa mefeTa

331

N/Sin-48

. . . . [1r]sajdomelsa. da iyo mwirobiT sam wel, ilocvi-da farulad adgilsa erTsa, mrwamliTa mayulisaÁTa Seburvilsa.

da Seqmna nasxlevisa saxed juari da aRidga igi mun da ilocvida igi mis winaSe. da maT mayualTa adgili zemoÁsa eklesiisa sakurTxeveli ars.

da meoTxesa welsa iwyo qadagebad da xarebad qristes RmrTisa Sjulisa da Tqua, rameTu: [1v]`vpove cTomasa Sina CrdiloÁsa ese queyanaÁ”. da meequsesa welsa arwmu-na nana dedofalsa, colsa mefisasa, sensa Sina missa. da meSÂdesa welsa arwmuna mefesa saswauliTa qristesmier-iTa. da mswrafl aRaSÀna eklesiaÁ quemo samoTxesa Sina, ZelisaÁ, da sueti igi iyo ZelisaÁ, romeli TÂT aRe-marTa.

da aRages eklesiaÁ. [2r]da waravlinna mefeman moci-qulni da wigni ninoÁsi mefisa kostantin[essa sab]erZne-Ta Txo[vad] mRdel[T]a. [xolo] mociqul[ni ig]i mswrafl mi[iwivnes] w[inaSe] mefisa.

da m[osc]a mefeman ebiskoposi ÁovaneÁ da orni [mR]delni da erTi diakoni da xati macxovrisaÁ da [Z]eli cxorebisaÁ da wigni el[en]e dedo[fl]isaÁ ninoÁs[TÂs].

[2v]da viTarca movides, naTeli moiRes mirian mefeman da nana dedofalm[an] da yovelman sax[lma]n maTman.

iTxoves [x]À ebiskoposma[n] da nino, raÁTa Se[q]mna[n] [juari]. da Zieba yves [x]uroTa da poves xÀ erTi, mdgo-mare borcusa zeda kldisasa, romelsa furceli misi araÁ odes dascÂoda da sul-hamoÁ iyo xÀ ese da Sue-noda friad, [viTarca mad]liT Semosil[i]. [3r]da adgili igi borcÂ Seuval iyo kldisagan. da viTarca SesTnda xuroTa sikÀTe xisaÁ mis, uTxres mefesa da ebiskopossa. da warvides rev, ZÀ mefisaÁ, da mTavar-diakoni da ixiles Suenierad dgomaÁ xisaÁ mis. xolo furclooda JamTa arisaTa. da ityoda mTavardiakoni igi muÃlsa daviTissa: “ese xÀ ars Tanawarsavalisa kldisasa zegardamoÁTa [3v]cuariTa morwyuli da furcelni misni araÁ dascÂvnen ukunisamde”*.

da ubrZana xuroTa mokueTaÁ xisaÁ mis da Seqmnes

* Sdr. fs. 1. 2, 132. 2.

332

saxÀ patiosnisa juarisaÁ, viTarca aswava mTavar-diakon-man, sam guamad Seqmnes xisa misg(a)ni: tanisagan erTi, mÃarTagan orni da orni guamisagan. erTi-igi ahmarTes mcxeTas, viTarca-igi sweria mciresa mas mokled aRwer-ilsa wignsa qarTlis moqcevisasa, grigol [4r]diakonisa mier aRwerilsa, da erTi juari ahmarTa mirianve mefe-man mTasa Sina maRnarisasa, romelsa hrqÂan TxoTisaÁ, da erTi-igi maxlobelad patiosnisa juarisave.

da waravlina mirian mefeman da iTxova saberZneTiT qvis mTlelni da kiriT xuroni. da moscna mefeman da warmovides eruSeTa da dadves saZirkuveli eklesiÁsaÁ, da dauteves ferÃTa [4v] ficarni macxovrisa Cuenisa iesu qristesi. da warmovides mangliss da dadves saZirku-veli eklesiisaÁ, da dauteves samSWuali da esreT movi-des mcxeTad.

da daiwyo mefeman [SenÀbad] eklesiasa gareubnisasa qviTa. da viTarca cna mefeman, rameTu dadves saZirkuveli pirvel eruSeTs da mangliss, da dauteves mun sasurveli igi ficari da samSWuali, aRivso urviTa da [5r] [daaye]na saqmÀ mo[wra]febisa, vidre a[ra isw]ava mT[avarebiskop]osis[agan] - - - - - - - - - - - r... [da aRivso] si[xaruliTa] [5v] mefe da myis - - - - - huri[a]- - - - - - - - - man - - - - - - - - - - ZÀ - - - - - - - - - - is... [6r] `...mow-evnul iyo kuarTi igi qristÀsi ierusalÀmiT mcxeTad~. da hmadlobda RmerTsa da ityoda: `kurTxeul xar Sen, ufalo iesu qriste, Zeo RmrTisa cxovelisao, rameTu Sen pirvelve ginda ÃsnaÁ Cueni eSmakisagan da adgilisa misgan bnelisa, odes-igi samoseli Seni ebraelTa amaT warmoec wmidiT qalaqiT ierusalÀmiT ucxoTa amaT na-TesavTa qalaqad, rameTu juar-cumasa Sensa amas qalaqsa mefobdes mamani Cuenni~.

da amas zeda gulsmodgine iqmna [6v] igi mefÀ da ware-marTa qristeanobasa moswrafebasa da yoveli qalaqi mis Tana. maSin sanatrelman dedofalman nino Tqua: `kurT-xeul ars RmerTi da mamaÁ uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristÀsi, romelman moavlina sityuaÁ wmidaÁ misi caTa maRalTaÁT TÂT Zlierisagan saydrisa queyanad madlobad, Sendo-bad ueWuelad ÃorciTa Teslisagan daviTisa da dedaka-cisagan martod Sobilisa, wmidisa da ubiwoÁsa, romeli saTno eyo mas...

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[7r]... da warhmarTa mcired maxÂli maT zeda, da SiSiT miscnes Tavni maTni naTlisRebasa da dalewnes kerpni maTni. da warvides erwod da dadga edems dabasa, JaleTs da naTel-sca erwo-TianelTa. da yuarelTa raÁ esma ese, gardakrbes TuSeTs, romelni kualad Trdat mefeman moiyvanna da monaTlna. da nino Cavida kxueTa da dadga kawareTs da monaTlna kxuni da sujni eriTurT* maTiT.

[7v]da gardavida kaxeTa da dadga igi qvel-dabas. da moiyvanna kaxni mTavarni, amaTve mefeTa naTesavni, da naTel-sca da ganiSora naTlvaÁQ maTi.

da dasneulda da waremarTa da miiwia kxueTa, dabasa, romelsa ewodebis bodisi. verRara uZlo slvad. da mo-xolo-vides uJarmiT qalaqiT rev, ZÀ mefisaÁ, da salomÀ, coli misi, da asuli maTi da zeda daadges mourned. da mouvlines mefeman [da colman] [8r] misman nana dedo-falman iovane mTavrebiskoposi kiTxvad da waryvanebad. xolo man ara ineba, aramed dahvedra iakob mRdeli mef-esa da ebiskopossa, raÁTa Semdgomad missa man daipyras saydari mcxeTisaÁ.

da mis winaSe misca wigni salomes elene dedoflisaÁ, romeli moewera ninoÁsa, mociqulobiT da maxareblobiT Semkobili, da Zeli cxorebisaÁ warsca nana dedofalsa. da Sewira Jami iovanÀ [8v] da aziara ninoÁ ganmacxove-lebelsa Ãorcsa da sisxlsa qristÀssa, da wariRo ese sagzlad saukunod. da Sehvedra suli TÂsi ÃelTa RmrTi-saTa qarTls moslviTgan misiT ocdamexuTmetesa welsa da qristÀs amaRlebiTgan samas ocdaTurametsa welsa, dasabamiTgan xuT aTas rvaas ocdaTurametsa welsa.

[9r] maSin SeiZrnes orni ese qalaqni _ mcxeTaÁ da uJarmaÁ da yoveli qarTli sikudilsa missa. da movides da dahmarxes ZleviTSemosili guami [mi]si adgilsave zeda bods, sofelsa kxueTisasa.

da warvida mirian mefe da yoveli eri, rameTu iqmo-des eklesiasa zemosa qviTa. da gaiSores meocesa welsa. da meocdaerTesa welsa mokuda mirian mefÀ da daefla [9v] saSovalsa eklesiasa, suetsa samxriTsa, CrdiloÁT kerZosa. da mas suetsa Sina ars nawili suetisa mis naTlisa mis cxovelisaÁ. da meoresa welsa mokuda nana dedofali da daefla [9v]dasavaliT kerZo, sada mirian mefÀ daflul iyo.

* ariTurT.

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N/Sin-50

[Tavi: a:]

I. da iyo, odes-igi aRasrula srbaÁ TÂsi sarwmu-noebasa zeda wmidisa samebisasa wmidaman, sanatrelman dedakacman nino, romeli gueqmna maxarebel gulTa Cuen-Ta da embaz sulTa da ÃorcTa CuenTa, da guauwya Cuen mamakacebr erTarsebaÁ wmidisa samebisaÁ, romeli ara daayena dedobrivman bunebaman da arca uZruloebaman ÃorcTaman daabrkola slvad gza[7r]Ta maT ficxelTa, da arca simravleman wyalTaman, da arca umecrebaman da ucxoTa maT naTesavTa aRrevaman, aramed viTarca visme dedasa SvilT-moyuaresa warhpara vinme Svili sayuareli da mravalisamca Jamisa auwya yofaÁ misi Sorsa queyanasa, da siyuarulisa misgan aRiZris da ganmartnis viTarca orbman frTeni TÂsni, da bralebiT rbin da eZiebn da hkiTxavn yovelTa mogzaurTa gzasa mis qalaqisasa, sa-da-igi uwyebul arn [7v]yofaÁ Svilisa TÂsisaÁ, egrÀTve wmidaÁ ese da netari dedakaci ikiTxvida qalaqsa amas Cuensa da eZiebda Ãsnasa sulTa CuenTasa.

viTar-igi ganiSora erTi ese queyanaÁ, sameufoÁ Crdilo[Á]saÁ, mcxeTisaÁ, mefeTa sajdomeli, movida dedakaci ese da arwmuna yovelTa aRsaarebad mamaÁ, ZÀ da suli wmidaÁ, naTlisRebaÁ, da sikudili qristÀsi da aRdgomaÁ da Semdgomad sikudilisa ukudavebaÁ da cx-orebaÁ da meored moslvaÁ Zisa RmrTisaÁ queyanad, mar-TalTa cxorebaÁ, da codvilTa SurisgebaÁ, rameTu misi ars sufevaÁ ukuniTi ukunisamde da mermeca. [8r]

Tavi [:b:]

da iyo, maTve JamTa Sina mirian mefisaTa, raJams moin-aTla dedufali ese suji da mis Tana mTavarni mravalni Ãelsa Sina ninoÁssa bods Sina, aRiZra SuriTa saRmr-ToÁTa da surviliTa wmidisa sionisa kaTolike ekle-siÁsaÁTa, romel-igi wmidisa ninoÁs mier moeniWa sofel-sa cnobad naTeli WeSmariti, suji igi dedufali war-moemarTa xilvad da Tayuaniscemad wmidisa sionisa da maxarebelisa ninoÁsa. da slvasa mas missa Sina ityoda mowled: `viTar mamaTa CuenTaÁ ver gulisÃma-eyo gzaÁ

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ese WeSmaritebisaÁ, romeli-igi gÂTxrian vaWarTa hromTa [8v]da berZenTa, viTarmed Cuenni mefeni esre mefoben da esrÀT arian eklesiani, juarsa Tayuanis-scemen, da me ma-radis Sevisuarebode cremliTa cxeliTa, viTarca sisx-liTa. xolo aw TualiTa CemiTa vixile naTeli gamobr-wyinebad warmarTTa zeda. aw raÁme Sevwiro Senda, sion wmidao, garna Tu ese _ pirvelad Sevwiro Senda Tavi Cemi SvilebiTurT da naTesaviT da sarudunebeliT CueniT, da meored _ qalaq knini SarTiani da dabaÁ didi bodisi Senda Sevwirne~.

da arRara aRÃda etlTa misTa zeda, aramed terfni misni miwasa zeda da qvaTa zeda movidoda. da moÁwia zeda mdinaresa aragusa da didroda [9r]mdinarÀ igi friad. da ukuiqceodes msaxurni igi misni yovelni mar-Tl-ukun. xolo igi dedufali tiriliT iareboda kidesa mdinarisasa, viTarca yrmaÁ ZuZuÁsaTÂs dedisa suroda da darCa dedufali martoÁ zeda mdinaresa. da xed-vida iovane mTavarebiskopozi da yoveli eri, viTarmed eriTa didiTa movidoda vinme wyalsa Ámier da ayeneb-des, raÁTa daadroon gamosulaÁ. xolo aman, sarwmuno-man dedufalman, iloca RmrTisa mimarT da aÃda erTsa saÃedarsa da Sevida wyalsa, da ganudga mdinarÀ igi, viTarca tbaÁ mdgomeli adgiloan, da ganvida uvnebelad. da miegebvodes mas erni eklesiÁsani da mefenica da sa-lome uJarmeli dedufali, mandave iyo. [9v]da yovelni miegebvodes mas. da Semovida igi mtirali, viTarca aqus CueulebaÁ morwmuneTa. da odes Semovidoda eklesiad, aRdga mTavarebiskopozi eriTurT da mefÀ palatisa kacebiTurT da Sevides eklesiad. da yves litaniaÁ da locvaÁ, vidremdis yoveli qalaqi Zwoda da eklesiad miÁswrafda, rameTu peruJavri dedufali, qarTlisa er-isTvisa dedaÁ, iyo arqisi. da iyo zari didi mas dResa Sina. da moÁRes juari da locvaÁ wmidisa mamisa mTa-varepiskopozisagan iovaneÁsgan. da hxedvida sakÂrvele-baTa maT da uTxrobdes saswaulTa maT, saSinelTa xil-vaTa. da zar-ganÃdil iqmna dedu[10r]fali igi.

maSin moÁRo wigni wmidisa ni[n]oÁsi wmidisa mimarT mTavrisa, iovane ebiskopozisa mimarT da mefisa dabiT bodisiT, rameTu miwevnul iyo mun da iyo sneul sicxisa da xurvebisagan, romelica eqmna mas salmoba sasiku-

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dine. da weril iyo esre: `mefesa mirians, morwmunesa qristÀssa da TanaSeerTebulsa wmidaTa mefeTasa, sar-wmunoebasa wmidisa samebisasa, aRsaarebasa qristÀs, Zisa RmrTisasa, da Tayuaniscemasa juarisa misisasa; mogema-dlen Sen zeciT gardamo, viTarca cuari gardamomavali, simravlÀ wyalobisaÁ garemo banaksa da Sinagan palatsa, yovelsa ersa Tquensa, iyavn siqadul juari qristÀsi da sul pirisa qriste ufali, amen.

[10�] àha esera, me movle sanaxebi qarTlisaÁ, zogadi adgili mTaTa da barTaÁ, da avasrule saxarebaÁ Cemi da vpove Sewe[v]naÁ uflisamieri, da SeÁwynares yovelTa qadagebaÁ Cemi da miscnes kerpni maTni cecxlsa dasawu-velad, da moÁqces cTomaTa maTTagan, da miÁRes naTeli da Tayuanis-scemen wmidasa juarsa, da juarcumulsa Seudgan yovelni, romelni Seudgan, romlisaTÂs Senda jer ars sixaruli, mefeo, da didebisa miRebad yovelTa Semoqmedisa RmrTisa, rameTu dReTa SenTa mohxedna Rmer-Tman queyanisa napralsa erTsa CrdiloÁsasa, romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa codvisasa da velni armulsa cTomisasa, da iyo dRÀ RamÀ da naTeli _ bnel. da sufe-vda mas [11r]Sina soflismpyrobeli igi mTavari, romeli qroda haerisa suliTa da STaabnevda yovelTa sulTa kacTasa jojoxeTa, romeli ganaota ufalman suliTa pirisa misisaÁTa queyaniT da sircxÂleuli miÁvltis CrdiloÁT mTaTa da adgilTa bnelisaTa sacTuriTurT misiT. xolo Sen zeda gamobrwyinda naTeli samxrisaÁ da mzÀ simarTlisaÁ, qriste RmerTi didebiTurT mis-iT, romlisa axali gemoÁ gixilavs, rameTu tkbil ars ufali, da naTlisRebiTa qriste Segimosies da frTeTa misTa sagrilsa ganisueneb.

`xolo me esera, moviwie queyanasa kxueTisasa, dabasa bodiss. da Ãsenebulmca ars dedufali ege suji, ram-eTu aRiZra ege SuriTa saRmrToÁTa [11v]dalewad kerpTa da moqcevad erisa maTisa saerisTvoÁsaÁ, da waravlina mswrafl sivnieTa Zmisa da asulÁsa da guaspuragnad astironisa, da moiyvanna. da yovelTa naTel-iRes aqa, bods Sina, da icnes RmerTi da Zali misi; gulisÃma-yves, rameTu igi Tavadi ars Semoqmedi yovlisa dabadebu-lisaÁ, da hmadloben mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa, da swyaloben pirvel mamaTa maT, cTomaTa Sina warsrul-

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Ta, da ese yovelni moÁswrafian mand, moÃsenebulsa mas qalaqsa da Sewyalebulsa mefesa da didebiTa savsesa mas taZarsa RmrTisasa, romel Sen aRuSÀne RmerTsa sax-lad saukunod queyanasa zeda, sadidebelad saxelisa misisa da xilvad [12r]suetsa mas wmidasa, romeli mklav-man RmrTisaman aRiRo da ciT Camo TÂT daamyara xari[s]xsa zeda, da Tayuaniscemad juarsa mas wmidasa, romeli aRemarTa zeda borcusa, myarsa mas kldesa Seuryevelsa, da mayualTaca maTTÂs, romelni ixilnes TualTa Tquen-Ta mas Sina. da miuZRÂn* RmerTi amaT aqaÁT manda.

`xolo odes movlen, didebaÁ da pativi Tquenisa me-fobisaebr wina-aCueneT da kualsa miadgineT, yovelni saswaulni uTxreniT, yovelni sakÂrvelni saqmeni da kurnebani uCueneniT, raÁTa uwyodian Zali Zisa RmrTisaÁ da SewevnaÁ misi morwmuneTaTÂs, da moaS[u]rveT Cemda wmidaÁ igi mamaTmTavari da keTili mwyemsi samwysoTa [12v]sulierTaÁ, raÁTa warmogzavnos da momces sagzali sulisa CemisaÁ, rameTu movida da moÁwia Jami dRisa da-levnisaÁ da mzisa Cemisa da<a>vsebisaÁ, rameTu ara Tu dRÀ da mzÀ SeÁcvalebian wesTa maTTa, aramed me dResa dauRamdebi da igi hgian ukunisamde, me mzesa avevsebi da igi ars ukunisamde, aramed yovelsa zeda <zeda> dide-bul da kurTxeul saxeli wmidisa samebisaÁ~.

da iyo, viTar miÁwivnes yovelni igi mTavarni mSo-robelni eriTa mravliTa mcxeTad, qalaqad didad da didebulad adgilad wmidad siond, saxlad RmrTisa, da ixilnes sakÂrvelebani da saswaulni da kurnebani mravalni, rameTu mravalni brmani yofiliyunes da yunes mxedvel, [13r]da senTagan TiTo saxeTa Ãsnilni, gankurneb-ulni dges da adidebdes RmerTsa. mefÀ da coli misi da yoveli qarTli mun iyo da iqmnebodes grgÂnvani qalaqsa Sina qebisa da madlobisani RmrTisa mimarT, da mdinareni cremlTani sdiodes yovelsa kacsa. maSin SeZrwundes ucxoni igi mTavarni da yovladve zecad ver ikadrebdes axilvad, aramed cremliT locvasa da vedrebasa RmrTisa, viTarca ZRuensa, Seswirvides. da romelni sneulni iyunes maT Tana, myis iqmnes cocxal da uvnebel da adidebdes mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa, da wariswrafdes ninoÁs Tana naTlis-dedisa da

* miuZeRÂn.

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naTlisa momcemelisa, sulierad dedisa maTisa, rameTu iyo igi netari mZime salmobaTagan misTa.

maSin mouwoda abiaTars astiron mTavarman guas[13v]furagnelman farulad da hrqua: `mauwye, sayuarelo, Sen ara huriaTa mRdel iyava, wiliT xuedrebuli mkÂdri, ma-mani Senni aqa mowevniTgan, rameTu arian welni, vinaÁTgan mamani Tquenni aqa, mcxeTad movides, :Cfg:, da baginisani iyveniT Tquen da arasada vis asmia maTgansa Tquengan qe-baÁ qristianeTaÁ? xolo aw esera, Sen gxedav da asulsa Sensa, rameTu yoveli dagitevebia da yoveli eri sityÂTa SeniTa gangibnevia, da xÀ igi Suenieri dagicemia da bag-ini dagimÃobia, da ufroÁs yovelTasa xar Sen moswrafe, qristÀs msaxurebasa hqadageb, awev da aswaveb da minebs smenis Zali saqmisa SenisaÁ~.

miugo abiaTar da hrqua: `moved Sen da yovelni mTa-varni winaSe mefisa da warmovTqua sityuebi saqmiere-bri~. [14r]da Semokrfes yovelni palatsa mefisasa da iwyo sityuad abiaTar:

ùwyode Sen, astiron mTavaro, da <da> yovelTa qu-eyanisa mTavarTa, romel mefeman TÂT icis, me naTesavi beniaminisi var rCuliTa mosÀsmieriTa, wurTil friad wignTa yoveli Cueni naTesavi, da arian wignni huriaTani didad friad, da uwyinod Sevlen kiTxvasa maTsa. misTÂs ese mikÂrda gonebasa, Tu yovelni wignni ayenebdes sxuasa RmerTsa ucxosa mixedvad, garna RmrTisa erTisa; da mo-ciqulTaÁ maTi mikÂrda esre SedgomaÁ <da> qristÀsTÂs da misTÂs sikudili stefanes da pavles pir[vel] da-mikÂrdeboda, vidremdis moÁwia siRrmesa saqmeTa maTTa-sa. ese yovelni [14v]wignni amisTÂs wamebdes, viTarmed Secvalebad iyo rCuli da rCulismdebeli, da moslvad iyo RmerTi queyanad msgavsad kacisa litonisa JamTa aR-srulebad, wyalTagan naTlisRebad, samaresa dadebaÁ da aRdgomaÁ dResa mesamesa. ese CemTave wignTa mauwyes WeS-maritad da vnaxeni ebistoleni pavlesi, naTesavisa Cemis-ani, gulisÃma-vyav sibrZnÀ misi da movelode gamoÃsnasa Cemsa pirvelisa misi mosawyinebelisa RmrTisa huriaTa rCulisagan, rameTu mowyinebasa Cuensa ityoda RmerTi piriTa winawarmetyuelTaÁTa qristÀsamde mosulasa Rm-rTisasa ityodes queyanad, muniTgan dascxres da da[d]umnes da risxvasa Seeyennes. [15r]dResamde qristÀsiT-

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gan arian welni :tld: arRara yo RmerTman moxedvaÁ israÀlsa zeda. me viyav dakÂrvebul, xolo aravin iyo moZRuar da msmenel da mkiTxvel amas queyanasa, vidre dResamde, odes moxedna RmerTman queyanasa qarTlisasa da moavlina dedakaci erTi ubiwoÁ, ubraloÁ, yudroÁ, mo-SiSebiTa RmrTisaÁTa Semosili nino, dedaÁ Cueni. misgan vixilen sakÂrvelebani kurnebaTani da niSanni sazarel-ni, da saswaulni saSinelni amis suetisa aRmarTebasa da eklesiÁsa aRSÀnebasa, da juarisa aRdgmasa mayualTa maT Sina misTa saucxoveTa, vidremdis SevZrwi [15v]da viqmen me mowafe mowafisa misisa, asulisa Cemisa da naTel-viRe me da naTesavman Cemman mravalman. da vadidebd mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amen!~

da daukÂrda friad mTavarsa astirons sityuaÁ igi abiaTar mRdelisaÁ da adidebda RmerTsa, yovelTa sakÂrvelebaTa misTa.

da viTar movlo wmidaman da sanatrelman nino sanaxe-bi ese qarTlisaÁ da moÁwia queyanasa kxoeTisasa, dabasa, romelsa hrqÂan bodisi, dasneulda sneulebiTa didiTa, romliTaca mokuda. maSin Sekrfes mefeni [16r]queyanisani dedebiTurT maTiT da yrmebiT da simravlÀ erTa Zli-erTaÁ, rameTu hxedvida yoveli kaci pirsa ninoÁssa, vi-Tarca zecisa angelozisasa, dascueTed mciresa mas Zu-elsa samoselsa misisasa samTxuevelad sarwmunoebiT da iZulebiT.

evedrebodes yovelni igi dedufalni, garemoÁs missa msxdomareni, romelTa gardamosdiodes cremlni mwareni TualTagan maTTa ganSorebisaTÂs moZRurisa maTisa da moRuawisa mis da sneulTa usasyidlod mkurnalisa Ãelovnisa. da etyoda dedufali salome uJarmeli da peruJavri sivnieli [16v]da maT Tana yovelni mTavarni, da hkiTxvides: `viTar, anu vinaÁ mohSuer Sen queyanasa Cuensa ganmaTavisuflebelad sulTa CuenTaTÂs da gÂÃs-en Cuen kerpTa msaxurebisagan da gÂCuene Cuen RmerTi, romelman dagubadna, a[n]u sadaÁT-me iyo aRZrvaÁ Seni, dedufalo, mauwye Cuen Seni saqmeÁ, viTar ityÂ tyueobasa, tyueTa mÃsnelo, sanatrelo, rameTu aha esera gÂswavies Cuen Sen mier, viTarmed yofil arian winawarmetyuel-ni pirvel qristÀs Zisa RmrTisa da merme mociqulni

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aTormetni da sameocdaaTormetni, Cuenda araÁvin moav-linna RmerTman, garna Sen?~.

maSin iwyo sityuad nino da Tqua: [17r]àsulno sar-wmunoebisano, maxarebelno RmrTisano, gxedav Tquen, vi-Tarca pirvelTa dedaTa yovelsa zeda sarwmunoebasa da siyuarulsa qristÀssa, da gnebavs gzaTa CemTa cnobad glaxakisa mÃevlisa TquenisaÁ da gauwyo Tquen: aha es-era, mosrula suli Cemi ÃorÃad Cemda da dameZinebian ZiliTa miT dedisa CemisaÁTa saukunod. aramed moÁxuen-iT aRsawerelni wignisani, dawereniT siglaxakeÁ Cemi da udebi cxorebaÁ Cemi, raÁTa uwyodian SvilTaca TquenTa sarwmunoebaÁ Tqueni da SewynarebaÁ Cemi da saswaulni ese RmrTisa Cuenisani, romelni gixilvan mciredni mTaTa zeda maT Sina suetisa aRmarTebasa da mier [17v]wyarosa mas zeda da vidre aqa moslvadmde Cemda TÂT ufalman icis da sulman Cemman, romeli uxilavs Tualsa Cemsa [18r]<Cemsa> zeciT gardamo queyanasa zeda~.

maSin mswrafl mo-xolo-ixunes sawerelni da iwyo sityuad, da igini werdes. wina Sobisa misisa mSobelTa misTa saqmeTa mis Tana moaÃsenna da Tqua:

[Tavi :g:]

iyo, maT JamTa, odes-igi giorgi, aRsaarebiTa kabaduk-ieli, iwama qristÀsTÂsa aRsaarebiTa. maT dReTave Sina kaci vinme kabadukiaÁT, mTavarTa Sesabami, monaÁ RmrTi-saÁ, warvida hromd mefisa winaSe msaxurebad da niWisa moRebad.

da maTve dReTa Sina kaci vinme iyo kualastas Sina da esxnes Svil or: Ze da asul, saxeli Zisa misisaÁ iobe-nali da asulisa misisaÁ [18v]susana. da aResrula kaci igi da coli misi, da darCes da-Zmani ese obolni. aRdges da warvides ierusalÀmd da imed-yves imedi igi yovelTa qristeaneTaÁ _ wmidaÁ aRdgomaÁ, da mievedrnes eseni mun. da ZmaÁ igi miemTxÂa devtalarobasa, xolo susana hmsax-urebda minaforsa sara beTlemelsa.

xolo ese Wabuki kabadukieli miÁwia hromd winaSe me-fisa. da ewyvnes branjni hromTa mefesa brZolad velsa zeda polotianisasa, da mosca RmerTman Zali uZleveli Wabuksa mas kabadukielsa da qmna winaaRdgomaÁ uzomoÁ

341

mterTaÁ, vidremdis miaqcivna sil[v]tolad. da SeÁpyra mefÀ branjuTaÁ [19r]da mis Tana erisTavni da mTavarni mravalni, da miÁyvanna winaSe mefisa mefÀ igi branjunTaÁ da mis Tana mTavarni mravalni. xolo mefeman ganawesa sikudili maTi.

maSin iwyes tirilad branjuTa maT da evedrebodes zabilons: `moguec Cuen pirvelad rCuli Tqueni da SegÂyvaneniT taZarsa RmrTisa Tquenisasa da maSin iyavn sikudili Cueni, rameTu Sencave SegÂpyren da Senve yav ese Cuen zeda, da ubralo iyo sisxlisagan Cuenisa~.

xolo zabilons-Ra esma ese, auwya mefesa sityuaÁ maTi da patriaqsa, da misca naTeli Ãelsa queSe zabilonissa* da Seiyvannes taZarsa RmrTisasa da [19v]aziara saÁdum-loTa qristÀsTa. da uCuennes didebaÁ wmidaTa moci-qulTaÁ. da dileul aRdges branjni igi da samoseli samk[u]droÁ SeÁmoses da ganvides adgilsa mas kacTa sak-lavsa, sasisxlesa da ilocvides da hmadlobdes Rmer-Tsa naTlisRebasa da ziarebasa zeda, da ityodes: `Cuen sikudilsa Sina ukudav varT, rameTu Rirs myvna Cuen RmerTman eseviTarsa didebasa xilvad da moRebad sag-zalsa mas daul[e]vnelsa, Ãorcsa da sisxlsa qristÀs, Zisa RmrTisa ukudavisasa, romel ars umaRlÀs ufroÁs yovelTa maRalTa da uquesknelÀs yovelTa siRrmeTa, rameTu igi ars kurTxeul ukunisamde. xolo vaÁ naTe-savTa CuenTa, nayofTa [20r]simwarisaTa, mkÂdrTa bnelisa-Ta~. da Ãmobdes Zlierad da wadierad: `moviden meÃrmlÀ ege da aRixuen Tavni Cuenni Cuengan da mswrafl movideT winaSe qristÀsa~.

amas raÁ hxedvida zabilon, aRiZra gonebiTa da tiroda, rameTu viTarca cxovarTa Tavni maTni klvad waripyrnes, da viTarca kravTa SvilTa maTTa swyalobdes. gamoÁTx-ovnnes mefisagan da Sekazmulni ganutevnes. xolo igini evedrebodes zabilons, raÁTa warhyves queyanasa maTsa da misces rCuli qristeanobisaÁ da naTlis-RebaÁ wyl-iTa yovelsa ersa maTsa. xolo man ismina sityÂsa maTi-saÁ [20v]da moiTxova mRdeli patriaqisagan da brZanebaÁ moÁRo mefisagan, da warvides.

da viTarca miÁwivnes dRisa erTisa savalsa, miÃda ambavi, viTarmed mefÀ movals cocxali da yovelni mTa-

* zabilonisasa, Tumca bolodan meore a gadaxazuli Cans.

342

varni mis Tana. SeÁZrnes aTni saerisTvoni: xolamaÁ, xo-zagaÁ, xlajaÁ, xeneSagi, ximgaragi, zaqaÁ, gazaÁ, zardaÁ, zam-raÁ, Tmonigoni samefoÁ da yoveli moegebvoda mdinaresa zeda didsa Rdamrasa. da ganyo mefeman eri igi wyalsa mas imier da amier. da akurTxes mdinarÀ igi da STaÃda yoveli eri igi mdinaresa mas, ganibanebodes da aRmovi-dodes aRmosa[21r]valsa erTsa da dasdebda zabilon Ãelsa yovelsa ersa aT dRe. da aRmarTna karavni da Sewires Jami, da aziarnes saÁdumloTa qristÀsTa.

da dautevna mRdelni da ganhkarga yoveli wesi, da misca ameni da warmovida niWiTa didiTa hromedve. da ganiZraxa gulsa TÂssa da Tqua: ̀ warvide ierusalÀmd da vamsaxuro niWi ese Cemi wmidaTa maT glaxakTa ierusa-lÀmisaTa~. da warvida ierusalÀmd da misca yoveli mon-agebi misi glaxakTa.

da devtelari* igi patriaq qmnul iyo da friad daÁme-gobrnes urTierTars patriaqi da zabilon. dResa Sina erTsa [21v]hrqua sara niaforman patriaqsa: èse zabilon, mamaÁ da embazi branjeTisaÁ da kaci sruli sibrZniTa da RmrTis mecnierebiTa, mieca da[Á] ese Seni susana co-lad misa”.

da warmovides TÂsa qalaqad kolasted da me oden viSev maTgan. da igini arian mSobelni Cemni oden. da aRmzarda dedaman Cemman wiaRTa Sina misTa msaxurebasa Sina glaxakTasa. da viTarca viqmen me aTormetis wlis, mSobelTa CemTa ganyides yovelive, raÁca aqunda, da war-vides ierusalÀmd da mun ganuyves glaxakTa.

maSin mamaman Cemman daÁwera [22r]juari patriaqisagan da ganijmna dedisagan Cemisa, Semitkbo me mkerdsa mis-sa da damaRuarna, viTarca wyaroni, cremlni misni zeda pirsa Cemsa da mrqua me: `Sen xar, Svilo Cemo, romeli nebiTa RmrTisaÁTa viqmen Senda oden mama. esera dagite-veb Sen oblad Cemgan da migiTualav Sen mamasa caTasa da yovelTa mzrdelsa RmerTsa, rameTu igi ars mamaÁ obolTaÁ** da msajuli qurivTaÁ; nu geSinin, Svilo Cemo, xolo Sen mariam magdanelisa Suri aÁRe qristÀs siyu-arulisaTÂs da daTaÁ maT lazarÀsTaÁ, da Tu Sen egrÀT geSinodis misgan, viTarca maT, [22v]man egrÀT mogces Sen

* tevtelari** ubolTaÁ.

343

yoveli, raÁca sTxoo mas, odesca gindes~. da momca ambo-rebaÁ* saukunoÁ da warvida wiaR Áordanesa, kacTa maT Tana velurTa, romlisa yofaÁ misi icis misman ufalman iesu.

xolo dedaÁ Cemi misca patriaqman msaxurad dedaTa uZlurTa. da me vmsaxurebd niaforsa somexsa, dvinelsa, or wel da vhkiTxevdi yovladve vnebaTa maT qristÀsTa da juarcumasa da daflvasa, da adgomisa Zalsa, da sa-moslisa misTÂs, romel juarcumasa ganhsZuarces hu-riaTa da wil-igdes, da juarTasa [23r]mas, romelsa zeda ufali amaRlda, da orni igi avazakni mis Tana, sada ar-ian da anu tiloni, romel guamsa missa wmidasa gare Se-hgragnes arimaTielman ioseb da sud[a]risasa, romel-igi iyo Tavsa missa, yovelsave miwyebiT vhkiTxevdi, raÁTamca vcan, rameTu araÁ iyo, vin ars misebr mecnierebiTa Sju-lisa gzasa ZuelTa da axalTa wignTa.

xolo man iwyo yovlisave uwyebad Cemda da mrqua me: `vxedav, Svilo Cemo, Zalsa Sensa, viTarca Zalsa Zu-visa lomisasa, romeli iZaxebn yovelTa zeda oTxfer-ÃxTa; gina viTarca orbi dedali, [23v]romeli aRvidis simaRlesa aerTasa ufroÁs mamlisa, da yoveli Ãmeli mas gugasa Tualisa misisasa, mcirisa mis margalitisa sworisasa, yoveli queyanaÁ Semoayenis da ganixilis da ganicadis saWmeli misi cecxlebr, daÁnaxis, miutevnis frTeni misni SrialebiT da miefinis mas zeda, egreÁT iyos cxorebaÁ Seni~.

[Tavi: d:]

aw viwyo da giTxra Tquen yoveli: odes-igi ixiles RmerTi ukudavi kacTa mokudavTa queyanasa zeda, romeli mosrul iyo ganSorebad misgan erisa mis, romeli gamoiy-vana queyaniT egÂptiT da misca maT queyanaÁ igi, romelsa Tualni misni hxedvides mas, da mowodebad [24r]ucxoTa na-TesavTa, ucxoTa RmerTTa monebulTa, viTarca TÂT unda ÃsnaÁ soflisaÁ, romeli dahbad[a]. iwyo keTilis yofad huriaTa: mkudarTa aRadginebda, brmaTa TualTa aRux-ilvida da yovelTa sneulTa ganhkurnebda. da ese sas-waulni raÁ ixilnes huriaTa maT, SeÁSurnes, SeÁZraxnes

* ambaurebaÁ.

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da waravlinnes stratiotni yovelsa queyanasa swrafiT moslvad ierusalÀmd yovelTagan naTesavTa, da ityodes, rameTu aha esera, warvwymdebiTo.

maSin moÁwivnes yovliT queyaniT kacni ricxuni, mec-nierni Sjulisa mosÀsa, romelni-igi antraklad wina aR-udges sulsa [24v]wmidasa da raÁ-igi TÂT unda qristesa, maT aRasrules: juars-acues, samoseli misi wil-iTxies. da hxuda wiliTa samoseli igi CrdiloelTa*, mcxeTel moqalaqeTa. amaT warmoÁRes da dahkrZales, da ver Sem-Zlebel arian SeZrvad, vidremdis ara TÂT ufalsa un-des. xolo guami igi uflisaÁ maT dahfles, viTarca mkudari litoni da mowafeTa warparvisaTÂs zeda sa-maresa mas missa mcvelni daadginnes. aramed igi aRdga TÂT, viTarca ars RmerTi WeSmariti _ verca lodisa mis dabeWdvaman daayena da arca mcvelTa maT [25r]gank-rZalulebaman. da ese yoveli warmo-Ra-Ácada filate. viTarca ganTena, movida saflavad pilate da coli misi da tiloni povnes. da moÁTxovna colman pilatÀsman da warvida swrafiT pontod, saxlad TÂsa, romeli iqmna morwmuneni qristesa. xolo tiloni igi mivides ÃelTa luka maxareblisaTa da dasTxivna igini man sada-igi TÂT icis. xolo sudari ara ipova, viTarca guamiT qristÀs. vieTme [Tques] petrÀsTÂs, viTarmed Ãel-ewifa axumado da aqundes maso, garna gancxade[25v]bulad ara miuTxres, viTar-ese juarTaÁca maT adgili araÁ-vin icis, aramed odesca enebos ufalsa, maSin gamoCnden.

xolo me aRvdeg da aRvipyren Ãelni Cemni da mivec madli da kurTxevaÁ ufalsa, RmerTsa Cemsa, da Tayuanis-cemaÁ dedufalsa mas Cemsa amas yovelsa zeda Txrobasa missa da kualad vhkiTxe, Tu: `sada ars CrdiloÁsaÁ igi queyanaÁ, sada samoseli igi uflisa CuenisaÁ ars?~ ̀ rqÂan CrdiloÁ queyanaÁ somxeTisaÁ, mTeuleTi ars sawarmar-ToÁ queyanaÁ, saÃelmwifoÁ berZenTaÁ [26r]da uJikTaÁ”.

maT dReTa Sina movida dedakaci vinme efesiT qalaq-iT Tayuaniscemad wmidisa adgomisad da hkiTxvida nia-fori dedakacsa mas, Tu: èlene dedufali da ZÀ misi egeTsave sibnelesa Sina ariana da mefobaÁ maTi?” xolo dedakacman man hrqua: “me var mÃevali maTi da maxlo-beli gaZraxvisa maTisaÁ; didi wadierebaÁ aqus hromTa

* CrdiloÁelTa.

345

maT qristÀs mimarT SjulisaTÂs Tu naTlisRebisa~.xolo me varqu niaforsa: `warmavline me da warvide

winaSe eleneÁsa, nuukue* mimiaxlos sityÂsgebad mis wi-naSe qristÀsTÂs~. da man auwya patriaqsa. xolo me mi-woda wmidaman mamaman Cemman patriaq[26v]man, Zmaman de-disa Cemisaman, da damadgina aRsavalsa sakurTxevlisasa da damasxna wmidani Ãelni misni mÃarTa CemTa zeda, da sulT-iTquna cad mimarT da Tqua: ùfalo, RmerTo Cemo, RmerTo mamaTao da saukuneTao, ÃelTa SenTa Sevhvedreb obolsa amas Svilsa disa Cemisasa da warvavlineb qad-agebad Senisa RmrTeebisa da raÁTa axaros adgomaÁ Seni, sadaca Sen saTno-iyo srbaÁ misi; eqmen, qriste, amas gza-mogzaur, moZRuar, ena-mecnier, viTarca-igi winaTa maT moSiSTa saxelisa SenisaTa~. da mijmna dedisagan Cemisa da momca juari da kurTxevaÁ.

da warvemarTe dedakacisa mis Tana. [27r]da odes mivi-wieniT saxlad dedakacisa mis, mun vpoveT dedakaci vinme, mefeTa evadagi, saxeliT rifsime, romeli ierusalÀmiT naTlisRebasa, qristÀsa aRsarebisaTÂs hsuroda. maSin mimca me ÃelTa misTa dedakacman man da mivec mas naTeli ÃeliTa mRdelisaÁTa Ãelsa queSe Cemsa da ormeocdaaT-sa sulsa mis Tana saxlisa misisaÁTa, da warvediT sax-lad misa da viyveniT or wel.

maSin mohxedna ufalman saberZneTsa da hrwmena mefesa kostantines da qristÀ aÁara man da dedakacman misman da elene dedufalman da yovelman palat-banakman maT-man dasabamiTgan welTa xuT aTas rvaas [27v]ormeoc da erTsa, qristÀs amaRlebiTgan samas da TerTmetsa, da waremarTa yoveli saberZneTi qristeanobasa. meSÂdesa welsa krebaÁ iyo nikeas da mervesa welsa iyo sivlto-laÁ Cueni saberZneTiT.

rifsime dedufali da gaÁane deda-mZuZÀ da ormeocdaa-Ti suli warmovemarTeniT TTuesa pirvelsa TxuTmetsa da gamovediT areTa somxeTisaTa, samoTxesa mas Trdat mefisasa. igini moÁklnes mun TTuesa masve, ocdaaTsa, dResa paraskevsa. xolo me davrCi ekalTa Sina vardisa-Ta, rameTu vardi da nuSi yuaoda maT JamTa. odes[28r]-igi aRmohÃdebodes sulni wmidaTa maT, vixile ciT samos-lis msgavsad Camomavali deakoni olariTa naTlisaÁTa.

* nuvkue.

346

da ÃelTa misTa aqunda sasakumevlÀ, romlisagan gamo-dioda kuamli surnelebisaÁ, romeli dahfarvida caTa da mis Tana simravlÀ erTa cisaTaÁ. da SeÁerTnes wmi-dani igi sulni maT wmidaTa moyuareTa CemTani. xolo me vixile raÁ maTi igi mislvaÁ winaSe uflisa da darComaÁ Cemi WirTa Sina da ÁwroebaTa mravalsaxeTa, vRaRad-vyav: ùfalo, ufalo, rad damiteveb me Soris aspitTa da Áqed-neTa?~. ÃmaÁ mesma muniT, romeli [28v]metyoda me: èsrÀT iyos waryvanebaÁ Seni, odes ege ekali, romel Sensa ga-remo ars, yovelive iqmnes vardis furcel, surnel Sen mier. xolo Sen aRdeg da vidode aRmosavaliT, `sada-igi ars samkali friad da muSaki araa~*. da warmoved da moved uloporeTa da davizamTre WirTa Sina didTa. da TTuesa meoTxesa warmovemarTe mTaTa zeda javaxeTi-saTa, raÁTa vcna, Tu sadaÁT ars mcxeTaÁ, da mivemTxÂe mTaTa zeda tbasa didsa gardamdinaresa, romelsa erqua fanavraÁ, davdeg mun or dRe. viTxove sazrdeli meTev-zurTagan da ganvZlierdi ZaliTa miT sazrdelisaÁTa da [29r]madli mivec RmerTsa. da mwyemsni Áyunes masve adgilsa da Ãumilvides Ãuminvasa Ramisasa samwysoTa Sina maTTa. da hxadodes RmerTTa maTTa armazsa da zadens da uTqumides Sesawiravsa, odes movidodeTo. da dilaÁ adre aRvdeg da vhkiTxe erTisa maTganisa, Tu: `sadaÁT sofliT xarT Tquen?~ da miTxra: `zogni dabiT elirbniT da zogni safurcliT da zogni qinjarelni da rabatelni didisa qalaqisa mcxeTisani, sada Rmer-Tni RmerToben da mefeni mefoben~. da mivhxeden mTaTa CrdiloÁsaTa, rameTu dReTa zafxulisaTa savseni Cndes haeriTa sastikiTa [29v]da TovliTa. da SevZrwundi me friad da vTqu: ùfalo, ufalo, mimiRe suli Cemi Cemgan~. da moviRe lodi erTi da davdev igi sasTunlad Cemda gardasadinelsa mis tbisasa da daviZine. da movida Cuen-ebiT kaci erTi, hasakiTa zomi, TmiTa naxevarTmosan da momca wigni dabeWduli da mrqua me: `swrafiT miarTu ese mcxeTad mefesa warmarTTasa~. da me viwye tiriliT vedrebad misa da varqu: ùfalo, dedakaci var ucxoÁ da umecari, viTar mivide me, arca enaÁ vici, raÁ vTqua ucx-oTa naTesavTa Tana?~ maSin ganÃsna wigni igi da momca me [30r]kiTxvad. dawerili iyo hromaelebr, dabeWdul iyo

* maTe 2. 37; luka 10. 2.

347

iesusi.daweril iyunes aTni sityuani, viTarca-igi ficarTa

qvisaTa pirvel:a. `sada iqadagos saxarebaÁ ese, munca ÁTqumodis

dedakaci ese~.b. ̀ arca mamakacebaÁ da arca dedakacebaÁ, aramed Tquen

yovelni erT xarT~*.g. `warvediT da moÁm[o]wafeniT yovelni wa[r]mar-

Tni da naTel-scemdiT saxeliTa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaÁTa~**.

d. `naTeli gamobrwyinebad warmarTTa zeda da dide-baÁ erisa Senisa israÀlisaÁ~***.

e. `sadaca iqadagos saxarebaÁ ese [30v]sasufevlisaÁ, munca ÁTqumodis yovelsa sofelsa~****.

v. `romelman Tquen Segiwynarnes, me Semiwynaros, da romelman me Semiwynaros, SeÁwynaros momavlinebeli Cemi~*****.

z. friad uyuarda mariami ufalsa, rameTu maradis ismenen missa sibrZnesa WeSmaritsa.

À. `nu geSinin magaTgan, romelTa moswyÂdnen Ãorc-ni Tquenni, xolo sulTa TquenTa ver SemZlebel arian mowyuedad~******.

T. hrqua mariams magdanelsa iesu: `warved, dedakaco, axare ZmaTa CemTa~*******.

i. sadaca hqadagebdeT saxeliTa mamisaÁTa da ZisaÁTa da sulisa wmidisaÁTa.

[31r]da viTarca ese warvikiTxe, viwye vedrebad RmrTisa mimarT da gulisÃma-vyav, viTarmed zeciT iyo CuenebaÁ ese. da aRvixilen Tualni Cemni zecad da maRali igi vakurTxe da misgan viTxove Sewevna Cemda gzasa Cemsa. da gardamosadinelsa mis tbisasa movhyev da warmovemarTe.

da iyo dinebaÁ misi dasavaliT kerZo. da miudeg wy-alsa mas da mivemTxÂe gzaTa ZnelTa da ficxelTa. da vixilen didni Wirni gzaTa maTgan da SiSni mÃecTagan,

* galat. 3. 28.** maTe 28. 19.*** luka 2. 32.**** 9. maTe 26. 13; markoz 14. 9.***** maTe 10. 40. ****** maTe 10. 28.******* ioane 20. 17.

348

vidre ara moviwie sada-igi iwyo wyalman man dinebad aRmosavaliT. maSindli[T]gan iyo mo[31v]lxinebaÁ Cemi. da vpoven mogzaurni da Seveyav maT da moviwie sanaxebsa qarTlisasa _ urbniss. da vixile eri ucxoÁ, ucxoTa RmerTTa msaxuri, cecxlTa da qvaTa da ZelTa RmrTad Tayuanis-scemdes. maSin Seeurva sulsa Cemsa da mived baginsa huriaTasa enisaTÂs ebraelebrisa da viyav mun erT TTue da ganvicdid Zalsa amis queyanisasa.

da iyo, dResa erTsa aRiZrnes erni Zlierni da uricx-uni, miT qalaqiT warmavalni didad da sameufod qalaqad mcxeTad, vaWrobad da locvad winaSe armaz RmrTisa [32r]maTisa da warmovhyev meca maT Tana. da moviwieniT mcx-eTad qalaqad, wiaR-kerZo moguTas Ãidsa zeda da dav-degiT mun. da vxedevd ce[c]xlisa msaxursa mas ersa moguebasa da cTomasa mas Sina, da vtirode cTomisa mis-TÂs da warwymedisa maTisa da ucxoebisa da siglaxakisa CemisaTÂs.

xolo xvalis dRe iyo oxraÁ saSineli da SesaZrwun-ebeli erTa uricxuTaÁ da ÃmaÁ sayÂrTaÁ friadTaÁ. da gamovidoda eri uricxui, viTarca yuavilosanni, zarad da saSinelad gamovidodes. da mefÀ arRasada SeZrul iyo. da viTarca Jam-sca Jamman, iwyes [32v]sivltolad da mimoridebad gzisagan. da Se-gamo-vida nana dedufali; maSin nelad-Ra gamovida yoveli eri da Seamkves yoveli folorc samosliTa TiTo saxiTa da pirad-piradiTa WreliTa. da iwyo yovelman erman qebad mefisa. da ma-Sin gamovida mirean mefÀ TualTSeudgamiTa xilviTa. da vhkiTxe huriasa dedakacsa, Tu raÁ ars ese? da man mrqua me, viTarmed: `RmerTi RmerTTaÁ uwess, romel ars armaz, romeli ara ars, garna kerpi~. da me warved xil-vad armazisa da aRivsnes mTani igi droSaÁTa da eriTa, viTarca yuaviliTa. xolo me Seuswer [33r]cixed armazd da davdeg axlos kerpisa mis napralsa kldisasa. da vxedev sakÂrvelebaTa da saSinelsa, romel Tqumad ver SemZlebel ars enaÁ Cemi, viTar-igi iyo zargansaÃdel, SiSi da ZrwulaÁ igi mefeTaÁ maT da yovlisa erisaÁ da sazarod dgomaÁ. vixile, dga kaci erTi spanZisaÁ da spilenZisaÁ, da tansa ecua jaWÂ oqroÁsaÁ, da Tavsa missa edga Cabalaxi oqroÁsaÁ da samÃarni oqroÁsani, da Tualni esxnes frcxili da bivriti, da Ãelsa missa

349

aqunda Ãrmali, romeli brwyinvida, viTarca elvaÁ da iqcevda Ãelsa Sina missa, [33v]reca-Tu romeli Seexebin, Tavi TÂsi sikudild ganwiris da ityÂn: `vaÁ, Tu sada-raÁ-vakle <raÁ>, anu vsceT sada sityuasa ebraelTa Tana, gina moguTa Tana smenasa oden da xdomel viyo mzisa RmrTad, gina romelni metyÂan ucebni vinme, didsa zecisa RmerTsa. vaÁ, Tu poos raÁme biwi Cem Tana da mces maxÂli misi, romlisa meSinis yovelsa queyanasa. da SiSiT Tayu-anis-scemda mas mirean mefÀ da yovelni erni misni.

marjul misa udga kaci oqroÁsaÁ da saxeli misi gaci, da marcxl _ kaci vecxlisaÁ da saxeli misi gaca, romel-igi RmrTad hqondes mamaTa [34r]maT TquenTa arian qarTliT.

maSin vtirode da sulT-viTquen maRlisa mimarT cTo-maTa maTTÂs CrdiloÁsaTa da dafarvasa naTlisasa da pyrobasa bnelisasa. Sevxedevd mefeTa maT ZaldidTa da yovelTa mTavarTa, rameTu cxovelnive STaenTqnes jo-joxeTsa. da etyodes dambadebelad qvaTa da ZelTa da spanZTa da spilenZTa, rkinasa da rvalsa, mWedelTagan ganWedilsa, RmrTad da Tayuanis-scemdes, da eseni ic-nodes cisa da queyanisa Semoqmedad.

maSin moviÃsene sityuaÁ igi, romel mamcno iobenal pa-triaqman, wmidaman mamaman, [34v]viTarmed viTarca mamakac-sa srulsa wargavlineb Sen da miwevnad xar queyanasa ucxosa naTesavTa drgevel, zevel, barkadul, romel ars brangulad ̀ kacni RmrTis mÃdomni~. maSin aRvixilen Tu-alni zecad da vTqu: ùfalo, mravliTa ZaliTa SeniTa gecruvnes mterni ese. da ars daTmenaÁ Seni didiTa sul-grZelebiTa SeniTa. da iqman, rasaca iguneben mtuerni da nacarni queyanisani, aramed nu ugulebels-hyof, rameTu xati Seni ars, romlisaTÂs erTi samebisagani kaci Áqmen da acxovne yoveli sofeli. amaTca naTesavTa mohxeden da Sehrisxen sulTa maT ukeTurTa, [35r]uCinoTa, sof-lismpyrobelTa, mTavarTa bnelisaTa, adgilisa Znelisa-Ta. miCuene me, RmerTo mamisa da dedisa Cemisao, mÃevalsa amas uRirssa da naSobsa monisa Senisasa, raÁTa ixilon yovelTa kideTa queyanisaTa macxovarebaÁ Seni, da raÁTa CrdiloÁ ese bRuarisa Tana ixarebdes da yovelman ena-man Sen mxolosa RmerTsa Tayuanis-gcen qriste ÁesuÁs mier, romlisa hSuenis madlobiT didebisa micemaÁ aw da

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mermeca~.da wamis-yofaÁ TualisaÁ iyo, dasavliT haerni da

qarni SeÁZrnes da Ãma-sces RrubelTa quxilisa ÃmiTa, ÃmiTa sazareliTa [35v]da saSineliTa. da aCnda Rrubeli moswrafÀ niSansaSineli. da moÁRo niavman dasavlisa-man suli jerkuali simwarisaÁ da simyralisaÁ. maSin ivltoda yoveli kaci soflad da qalaqad. da vxedevd me egoden mas zarganÃdilebasa maTsa, viTxove maRliT da eca droÁ. da SeÁWra yoveli kaci sayofelTa Sina da meyseulad moÁwia risxvisaÁ igi Rrubeli mcirÀ da moÁRo setyuaÁ litris swori mas oden adgilsa, dalew-na kerpni igi, dafqvna da daamwulilna, da daarRÂvna zRudeni igi qarman man sastikman, da Cayarna kldesa mas, [36r] romelsa-igi Tualni Tquenni hxedvides.

da Tqua mefeman: `he, he, rasTmebaÁ xojasTa banog ra-sul fsarzad~. da viTarca dascxra risxvaÁ igi, gamoved kldisa misgan napralisa da vpove Tuali igi bivriti, aRviRe da warmoved wiaRkerZo dasavalsa mis kldisasa, sada Zuel qalaqi yofil-iyo da cixÀ.

da mun dga xÀ erTi Suenieri brinjisaÁ, maRali da rtomravali. da mived queSe xesa mas da gamovniSne niSi cxovelsmyofelisa qristÀs juarisaÁ da vilocevd mun equs dRe. odes-igi gamoxue-yoveli-diT simravlÀ qalaq-isaÁ da eZi[36v]ebdiT RmerTTa maT TquenTa, romelTa vnebaÁ dahbades, da ara poveniT, maSin me mun viyav, ram-eTu TTueÁ iyo meequsÀ da dRÀ iyo meequsÀ TTuisaÁ mis, odes-igi evmanoel Tabors mamisa xati uCuena TavTa maT cocxalTa da TavTa maT momkudarTa. maSin moved daÁ ese Cemi SroSania sefe-qali, mixila da moiyvana berZu-lad metyueli dedakaci da mkiTxa yoveli gzaÁ Cemi da vauwye yoveli saqmÀ Cemi. maSin vxedevd TualTa misTa cremliTa savseT<T>a dinebasa ucxovebisa CuenisaTÂs, maÁZula waryvanebaÁ sefed, xolo me ara vinebe. [37r]da mesamesa dRes Camoved qalaqad mcxeTad da mivhmarTe samoTxesa mas mefisasa.

da mi-raÁ-ved karsa mas samoTxisasa da vpove saxli mcirÀ mcvelisaÁ mis samoTxisaÁ, da Se-raÁ-ved Sina, jda ese dedakaci anastos, da raJams mixila me, aRdga da Semitkbo, viTarca mecnierman, da dambanna ferÃni Cemni da mcxo zeTi da momarTua puri da RÂnoÁ. da davyav mis

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Tana cxraÁ TTueÀ.xolo dedakaci ese iyo uSviloÁ da friad zrunvides

igi da qmari misi. da Ramesa erTsa vxedevd CuenebiT, mo-vinme-vida kaci brwyinvalÀ naTlisaÁ da mrqua me: `Seved samoTxesa, naZuTa queSe babiloTa, da mun adgili ars mcirÀ, sayuaviled [37v]Semzadebuli, miwaÁ aRiRe ad-gilisaÁ mis da SeaWame kacTa maT, da esuas Svili. da vyav egre. da esua maT Zeeb da asul mraval, romelsa-ese Tualni Tquenni hxedven.

da maTve dReTa Sina vixile Cuenebasa Sina mciresa mas mirulebasa Cemsa orgzis da samgzis, ferÃTa raÁ Cem-Ta zeda meZina, movidian mfrinvelni cisani da STavidian mdinaresa mas, daÁbann[i]an da movidian samoTxesa mas, da babilosa mas moÁsTulebdian da yuavilsa mas Zovdian, da movled Cemda momarT RaRadebed, reca Tu Cemia samoTxÀ igi.Ggare-momadgian JiviliT, da Suenier iyo xilvaÁ [38r]igi maTi. mravalgzis iyo xilvaÁ ese Cemdamo da uTxar ese dasa Cemsa sidonias, asulsa abiaTarissa, yoveli vauwye da man mrqua: `tyueo da tyueTa mÃsnelo, ucxoo da aqa Sobilo, uwyi, rameTu Sen mier moiwia da Sen ZliT moÁsmes ambavi igi Zueli mamaTa CuenTaÁ naqmari zecisa kacsa zeda, sisxlisa ubraloÁsaÁ daTxevaÁ, romelica qmna RmerTman, huriaTa sircxÂli da cis kideTa ganb-nevaÁ, mefobisa dacemaÁ, taZrisa mis wmidisa moRebaÁ da erisa mis ucxoÁsa wodebaÁ da didebisa maTisa micemaÁ~. da kualad Tqua: ìerusalÀm, viTar gangimartvan frTe-ni Senni da [38v]SeÁkreb yovelTa cis kideTa naTesavTa SenTa frTeTa SenTa queSe. aha esera, aqaca mosrula dedakaci ese, Secvalos yoveli wesi amis queyanisaÁ~. da moÁqca da mrqua me: `CuenebaÁ Seni ars, rameTu adgili ese samoTxÀ Sen mier Áqmnes samoTxe ukunisamde~.

Tavi: e:aRwera sidunia, dedakacman huriaman,

asulman abiaTarisman

da iyo, odes mohxeda RmerTman wyalobiTa queyanasa mas daviwyebulsa [39r]CrdiloÁsa kavkasiaTa, somxeTisa mTeuleTsa, romlisa mTani daefarnes nislsa da vel-ni armulsa cTomisasa da udbobisaTa, da iyo queyanaÁ ese Crdil mzisagan simarTlisa qristÀs, Zisa RmrTisa,

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moslvisaTÂs da cxorebisa, viTarca saxeli erqua mas samarTlad CrdiloÁ. araTu amis mzisa simarTlisagan daklebul* iyo, anu aw arsa daklebul misgan, yoveli casa queSe myofi ixilavs da yovelsa hxedavs, romelsa sicxiTa mihridis, naTliTa yovelsa adgilsa mihxednis. ese ara Tu esrÀT erqua queyanasa amas CrdiloÁ, aramed iyunes esoden esTenni welni da esTenni naTesavni da noveÁsiTgan da abelisiTgan da [39v]abrahamisiTgan. da mun Sinave iyo iob aznauri, ganmcdeli ganmcdelisagan da gamocdilisagan viTarca io[se]b, mose, i(s)u** _ mRdelebi da msajulebi da CamowyebiT, romeli-igi viciT msmenel-Tagan da wignTa evangelTagan saRmrToTa.

gardaÃdes qristÀs moslvamde welni xuT aTas xu-Tas, da juarcumiTgan qristÀsiT vidre kostantines me-fobamde, berZenTa monaTlvamde samas da TerTmeti. da aTxuTmetisa*** Semdgomad moivlina queyanasa Cuensa qad-agi WeSmariti nino, dedufali Cemi, viTarca bnelsa Sina mTiebi raÁ naTobn da aRmohÃdis ciskari da mas ukuana aRmovaln didi igi mflobeli dRisaÁ. egrÀT iyo cxore-baÁ Cueni, qarTvelno, [40r] rameTu viqceodeT naTelsa da mkÂdr viyveniT bnelsa, vixarebdiT SuebiTa da viunjeb-diT Suebasa, glovasa, romelsa nugeSiniscema ara epova. vmsaxurebdiT sadame dabadebulTa da ara dambadebelsa, qerabinTa etlTa wil mTaTa maRalTa Tayuanis-scemdes mamani Cuenni, gebalasa da gareznasa, da mas zeda ara iyo arca RmerTi, arca mose, arca niSi maTi, aramed ker-pi qvisaÁ. xolo amas queyanasa qarTlisasa iyunes orni mTani da maT mTaTa zeda orni kerpni _ armaz da zaden, romelni iyunosdes**** sulmyralobiT aTassa sulsa yr-maTasa pirmSoÁsasa, armaz da zaden, da msxuerpl uCndes Sesawiravad [40v]mSobelTa maTTa, viTarca ukunisamde araÁ sikudili ese iyo moqmedi. xolo iyunes kerpni sx-uanica samefoni _ gaci da ga. da SeÁwirvoda maTa erTi sefe-wuli cecxliTa dawuvad da mtueri, Tavsa gardab-nevad kerpTa, maTi.

da amis yovlisa Semdgomad Txrobasa giTxrob mamisa Cemisasa, romel wignTagan TÂT vici kiTxviTa da mamisa

* daglebul.** i(s)Âu.*** aTxutmeti**** iyunusdes.

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Cemisa TxrobiTa. odes-igi mefobda herode da moguesma, viTarmed

sparsTa ierusalÀmi daÁpyreso, :ib:-ni mefeni movideso. da glovisa wigni moÁwia yovelTa zeda huriaTa qarT-velTa _ mcxeTelTa mkÂdrTa, budelTa mRdelTa, kodis-wyaroelTa mwignobarTa, sofiskanelTa [41r]TargmanTa. da ese SeÁZrnes yovelni sivltolad. xolo mciredTa dReTa Semdgomad moÁwia RaRadisi nugeSiniscemisaÁ ierusalÀmiT yovelsa queyanasa, viTarmed sparsni ara dapyrobad queyanisa movides, aramed abjrisa da saWur-velisa da sagzlisa nawili aqunda da oqroÁ yÂTeli da muri _ mswrafl mkurnali wylulisaÁ, da gundruki sul-hamoÁ. da ese yovelsa mÃedarsa maTsa da TÂT* mefe-Ta TiTo satÂrTavi aqunda, da eZiebdes yrmasa visme So-bilsa, Zesa daviTissa, romelica poves mwiri erTi, mwir-isa dedakacisaÁ ZÀ, uJamod Sobili uadgilosa adgilsa, viTarca aqus CueulebaÁ garemdgomTa kacTa.

ese mis [41v]yrmisa mivides da Tayuanis-sces, da ese yoveli misa Sewires, da mTaÁ gardavles da warvides. àw nu geSinin, huriano, me, herode, veZieb da arca vpove yrmaÁ da arca dedaÁ misi da arca igi ZRueni, aramed warvhmarTo maxÂli yovelsa wulsa zeda oriT wliTgan udareÁsamde da moswydes igica maT Tana. aw guldebul iyveniT, rameTu ucnebiT iyo yoveli”.

amas Sina gardaÃda weli :l:. mowera ana mRdelman ierusalÀmiT mamis mamisa Cuenisa ozisa, viTarmed igive, romlisa sparsni mefeni mosrul iyunes ZRuniTa, igi same yrmaÁ gazrdil arsi da hasaksa zomisasa [42r]mowevnul ars. wyalsa mas mdinaresa Áordanesa zaqariaÁs Zisa gan-vidodes yovelni naTesavni ierusalÀmisani da Seni ma-mis dedis ZmaÁ elioz Tana iyo. da aha esera, caÁ quxda da queyanaÁ iZrvoda, mTani hkrTebodes, mTani ÁmRerdes, zRuaÁ dga, wyalni aRmarT diodes. da zaqariaÁs ZÀ SeS-inda da ivltoda. da Cuen yovelTa zari SeZrwunebisaÁ dagueca da erisa simravlisaTÂs davadu<du>meT saqmeÁ ese, romeli iyo same cxad saukunoÁTgan. da meoTxesa welsa gamoÃda brZanebaÁ ierusalÀmiT erode mefisagan yovelTa ZeTa ierusalÀmisaTa, gan[42v]bneulTa yovelsa queyanasa: ìxileT erTi RmerTi da ismineT erTi Sjuli

* da TÂT] d(avi)T.

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da iswaveT erTi sityuaÁ mosÀsi, romel Tqua: `romel-man Tquas RmerTi queyanasa zeda, moekiden Zelsa~; da Tqua: `wyeul iyavn yoveli, romeli moekidos Zelsa~*. aw esera, aRdga kaci erTi da saxeli misi Áesu, TaviT TÂsiT hxadis RmerTsa mamad da reca Tu ars igi TÂT vi-Tarca RmerTi. movediT yovelni sikudilsa missa da aR-vasruloT mcnebaÁ RmrTisaÁ da mosÀsi. da warvida aqaÁT elioz, mamis <mamis> dedis ZmaÁ Cemi, kaci moxucebuli. da esua mas dedaÁ mcxeTeli, tomisagan eli mRdelisaÁ, da daÁ esua erTi. [43r]evedreboda dedaÁ Zesa TÂssa da etyoda: `warved, Svilo Cemo, wodebasa mefisasa da wessa Sjulisasa. xolo romelsa-igi ganiZraxven, nu SeerT-vin cnobaÁ Seni mas, nu, Svilo Cemo, rameTu igi sityuaÁ ars winawarmetyuelTaÁ da igavi brZenTaÁ, saÁdumloÁ dafaruli huriaTagan da warmarTTa naTel da cxoreba saukunoÁ~.

da warvida elioz da yovelni huriani qarTvelni da aResrula yoveli, aw romeli viciT ninoÁs mier evan-geleTagan. xolo samoseli igi xuda qarTvelTa huria-Ta da warmoÁRo elioz. xolo dedasa eliozissa esma ÃmaÁ [43v]ierusalÀmiT mcxeTas odes pasanikman juarsa zeda samrWualsa dasca kueri mWedlisaÁ golgoTas, aqa esma, ikrCxialna dedakacman man da Tqua: `mSÂdobiT me-fobao huriaTao, rameTu mohkalT ufali ÃorciTa, TÂsi macxovari da eqmeniT mter Semoqmedsa. vaÁ me, sawyalo-belsa Tavsa Cemsa, romel arca winare movkued, romel-esemca ÃmaÁ ara smenil iyo, da arcaRa knin ukua[na]Ásre, romel aramca mexilva gamobrwyinebad didebaÁ warmarT-Ta zeda~. da amas zeda SeÁsuena dedaman eliozisman.

xolo aman elioz moiRo kuarTi igi [44r]<igi> qristÀ-si mcxeTad, saxlad Cuenda, da ixila, rameTu momkudar iyo dedaÁ misi amas sityuasa zeda. da miegebvoda daÁ misi, Sesuaruli cremliTa, viTarca sisxliTa, da moexÂa yelsa missa da mouRo samoseli igi iesuÁsi da Seitkbo mkerdsa missa da mswrafl sulni warhÃdes amiT tkivil-iTa dedisaÁTa, da qristÀs sikudilisaTÂs da surviliTa misisa moslvisaÁTa.

maSin Áyo SfoTi didi mcxeTas Sina mefeTaÁ da yov-lisa erisaÁ. da Áxila mefeman amazaer samos[e]li igi da

* Sdr. 2 sjulTa 21. 22-23.

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unda warRebaÁ misi, xolo zarsa mas dedakacisa mkudri-sasa, ÃelTa [44v]gdebasa SetkbobiT*, SeSinda. da elioz dahmarxa daÁ Tuisi da ÃelTa aqus samoseli igi. da ars adgili igi, romeli RmerTman Ácis da Ácis dedaman Cem-man da ara Átyuis, rameTu ara jer ars aw kacTa sityu-ad. aramed ese oden kmaÁ-Áy[a]vn ninoÁs mowafeTaTuis da qristes morwmuneTaTuis, rameTu maxlobel ars adgili igi naZusa mas, libaniT moRebulsa da mcxeTas amaR-lebulsa. Tuinier ese mesma mamisagan Cemisa: àrs sxu-aÁca ZaliTa Semosili mrCubli amas qalaqsa Sina, ÃelTa CuenTa, ars sakurTxevelisa simtkicesa Sina [45r]qvaTasa upovnelad vidre Jamamde misa~. da aw ese samoseli Áe-sus aqa Sina ars uTqumelad sityuiTa, vidre Jamamde misa, rameTu mravalgzis mabira dedaman Cemman nino ma-misa Cemisa mimarT, raÁTamca gamovsw[u]lile adgili igi samoslisa mis WeSmaritad, xolo man guliTad ese oden dadva Cem Tana da Tqua: àrs adgili igi samarxui misi adgili, romelsa enani kacTani ara dadumden galobad RmrTisa mimarT. mas zeda ars adgili igi, viTarca adgi-li Áakubisi kibed xiluli zecad aRwevnulad mieriTgan ukonisamde [45v]didebamouklebelad maradis”.

Tavi :v:Tqumuli misive siduniaÁsi

da odes-igi me, sidunia asulman abiaTarisman, vixile dedakaci ese wmidaÁ nino Tavsa zeda cixisasa pirvel mcxeTisasa, koSksa maRalsa, brinjTa maT queSe, bartman mefisa sagrilTa da sasuenebelTa jda raÁ igi, odes-igi Semusrna ufalman armaz saSineliTa miT risxviTa da zargasaÃdeliTa pirisa misisaÁTa (romelni-igi swer-ian wignsa mas anderZsa missa), xolo vidre rwmunebamde deduflisa nanaÁsa qriste RmerTi Zed RmrTisa.

da dayo [46r]dedakacman nino equsi weli aqa Sina, viTa-igi TÂT ityÂs yofasa Sina missa. da odes me da SÂdni dedani dagÂmowafna Sjulsa missa, rameTu hyofda da-farulad kurnebaTa mravalTa, vidremdis sefiT iwyo kurnebaÁ gangebiTa RmrTisaÁTa. dedufalsa zeda nanas aCuena RmerTman Zali misi, mis mier maylovansa mas Sina

* SetkbuebiT.

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locviTa misiTa gankurna senisa misgan mZimisa, romeli Ãelovnebaman kacTaman ver SeuZlo gankurnebad misa.

da Semdgomad misa mogÂ vinme mTavari sparsi, saxeliT xuara, sneul iyo, suliTa ukeTuriTa ficxlad iguemebo-da da sikudilsa miaxlebul iyo. [46v]da iyo igi mTavari dedis ZmaÁ nana deduflisaÁ. da evedrnes dedasa Cuensa ninos nana dedufali da mefÀca Cueni ixilvida saqmesa mas mcired orgulebiT, rameTu etyÂn ninos: `romlisa RmrTisa ZaliTa iqm kurnebasa ama[s]? anu xar Sen asu-li armazisi, anu Svili zadenis, ucxovebiT moxved da Seurdi maT da maT zeda-ac mowyalebaÁ da miganiWes Sen Zali kurnebaTaÁ, raÁTa miT scxondebodi ucxosa queya-nasa da didebulmca arian ukunisamde! xolo Sen winaSe Cuensa iyav, viTarca erTi mawovnebelTa* SvilTa CuenTa-gani, pativcemul queyanasa amas Cuensa, aramed ucxosa amas sityuasa nu ityÂ da hromTa SecTomilTa rCulsa nu gnebavn yovlad Tqumad, [47r]rameTu aha esera, RmerTni didni soflismpyrobelni da mzisa momfenelni da wÂmi-sa momcemelni, queyaniT nayofTa gamomRebelni, qarTli-sa igi RmerTni armaz da zaden, yovlisa dafarulisa gamomeZiebelni, Zuelni RmerTni mamaTa CuenTani gaci da ga, da fici igi Seni iyavn dasarwmunebelad kacTa mi-marT. da aw ukueTu ganhkurno mTavari ese, gangamdidro da gyo mkÂdr mcxeTas Sina da msaxurad armazisa, daRa-caTu haeriTa miT da setyÂTa SemusrvaÁ misi, aramed igi adgili SeuZravi ars. igi armaz da qaldevelTa RmerTi eTroJano yovladve mterni arian. aman mas zRvaÁ zeda moadginis da man mas zeda eseTi nu raÁ [47v]moawies, viTarca aqus CueulebaÁ soflisa mpyrobelTa da kma-geyavn [Cem]gan brZanebaÁ ese~.

miugo wmidaman da embazman qarTlisaman nino mefesa da rqua: `mefe, Sen ukunisamde cxondi saxeliTa qristÀsiTa d[a] vedrebiTa dedisa misisaÁTa da yovelTa wmidaTa misTaÁTa moavlinen Sen zeda RmerTman, cisa da queyani-sa Semoqmedman, dambadebelman yovlisa dabadebulisaman, didisa didebisa misisagan da auracxelisa mowyalebisa misisagan, mogivlinen Sen, viTarca saÃumilisagan, naberw-yali erTi madlisa misisaÁ, raÁTa gulisÃma-hyo simaRlÀ cisaÁ da sinaTlÀ mzisaÁ, da siRrmÀ zRvisaÁ da saZirku-

* mawovnebelTagani _ g-ani gadaSlilia

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veli misi, da sivrcÀ queyanisaÁ da safuZveli misi. [48r]da uwyebul iyavn, mefe, Tu vin Semosnis cani RrubliTa, da quxn saSineliTa ÃmiTa haerisaÁTa, da iZrvin quey-anaÁ simZafriTa misiTa, da rbied mexistexani da kualsa maTsa egzebin cecxli guliswyromiTa maTiTa, anu odes SeÁZris veSapi igi didi zRvaTa Sina da SeÁZris yoveli queyanaÁ, vidremdis daÁrRunian mTani myarni da kldeni da qvani. da mecnier gya<a>vn Sen iesu amas yovelsa ze-da-miwevnad, rameTu RmerTi ars caTa Sina da uxilav ars Tavadi igi yovlisagan dabadebulisa TÂnier Zisa misisa, romeli misgan gamovida da queyanasa zeda gamoCnda vi-Tarca kaci, romelman [48v]aRasrula yoveli, romlisaTÂs mosrul iyo da aR[Ã]da maTve simaRleTa mamisa Tana. man xolo ixila dausabamoÁ igi da igi mxoloÁ maRal ars da mdabalTa hxedavs da maRalni SoriT icnis. mefe, ax-los ars miaxlebaÁ Seni RmrTisa, me vxedav, rameTu ars amas qalaqsa Sina saswauli erTi: samoseli igi Zisa Rm-rTisaÁ aqa ars, da xalenisaÁ mis eliaÁsaÁ yofaÁ Tquesve vieTme aqave da mravalni saswaulni arian aqa, romelni TÂT RmerTman gauwynes. me kula ese mTavari ganvkurno ZaliTa qristÀs CemisaÁTa da juariTa vnebisa misisaÁ-Ta, viTarca-igi deofalman [49r]nana gankurna RmerTman senisagan didisa. da raÁ-igi vauwye, mas hyofs igi, raÁTa sulica TÂsi ganabrwyinos da erica TÂsi mia[a]xlos RmerTsa~.

da mohguares mTavari igi. da wariyvana igi da me da nana deofali samoTxesa mas Sina, naZuTa maT queSe. da daadgina igi, da aRmosavaliT aRpyrobad scna Ãelni da aTqumia samgzis: `vijmni Sengan, eSmako, da Seudgebi qristesa, Zesa RmrTisasa~. da tiroda nino sulTqumiTa sulisa misisaÁTa, da iTxovda RmrTisagan Sewevnasa kac-sa mas zeda, da Cuen mis Tana erT dRe da or Rame. da mswrafl ganvida misgan suli igi boroti, da daemowafa ninos da saxliT da eriTurT misiT, da adidebdes [49v]mamasa da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa aw da maradis da uku-niTi ukunisamde, amen.

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q. Tavi: z:

aRwerili misive siduniaÁsaÁ, hurisa dedakacisaÁ, romeli ixila, dawera mirian mefisa moqcevisa,

Sevrdomisa ninoÁsa da juarisa aRmarTebisaTÂs,da eklesiaTa SenebisaTÂs da yovelTa

saswaulTaTÂs

da iyo, dResa erTsa, JamTa zafxulis pirisaTa, TTue-sa ivlisisasa :k:, dResa SabaTsa, ajda mefÀ da ganvida na-dirobad muxnariT kerZo, da movlo sanaxebi muxnarisaÁ da ganvida mTaTa zeda maRnarTa TxoTisaTa, raÁTamca miÁxila aspd [50r]da kaspd da ufliscixed. da ganvida Txemsa mis mTisasa Sova samxars, oden dabnelda mas zeda mzÀ da Áqmna Rame bnel, ukun friad. da dafarna bnelman areni da adgilni igi. da ganibnivnes urTierTars Wir-isa misgan da urvisa yovelni erni misni da darCa mefÀ martoÁ da iareboda mTaTa maT zeda, mis mTisa maRnarTa Sina SeSinebuli da SeZrwunebuli. da dadga erTsa adg-ilsa da warewi[r]a sasoebaÁ cxorebisa misisaÁ. xolo keTilis-myofelman RmerTman aqcia gonebaÁ misi ucno-belobisagan cnobad da umecrebisagan mecnierebad. da moego Tavisa cnobasa da ganizraxvida gulsa TÂssa: ̀ aha esera, [50v]vxedav, rameTu vxedevd RmerTTa armazs da zadens da araÁ vpove lxinebaÁ Cem zeda. aw romelsa-igi nino qadagebs juarsa da juarcmulsa da hyofs kurne-basa misiTa sasoebiTa, aramca Zal-edvaa ÃsnaÁ Cemi amis Wirisagan? rameTu var me cocxliv, viTarca jojoxeTs Sina da ver uwyi ese, Tu yovlisa queyanisaTÂs iqmna daqcevaÁ da naTeli bnelad gardaÁqca, a[n]u Tu CemTÂs oden? aw Tu Cem zeda oden ars Wiri ese, RmerTo ninoÁ-so, ganminaTle RameÁ ese da miCuene sayofeli Cemi, da a[R]viaro saxeli Seni da aRvhmarTo Zeli, da Tayuanis-vsce mas, da aRvaSÀno saxli saxlad Senda da salocve-lad Cemda, da viyo morCil ninoÁsa [51r]da rCulsa zeda hromTasa~. da ese arRa warmoeTqua*, ganTena da mswrafl <da> gamobrwyinda mzÀ.

da gardamovida mefÀ cxenisagan da dadga mas adg-ilsa, ganipyrna Ãelni, mÃarni aRmosavaliT da Tqua: `Sen xar RmerTi yovelTa zeda RmerTTa da ufali yovelTa

* warmoeTqvÂa

359

zeda ufalTa; RmerTi, romelsa nino ityÂs da saqebel saxeli Seni yovlisagan dabadebulisa casa queSe da qu-eyanasa zeda. rameTu Sen miÃsen Wirisagan amis mswrafl saxeldebiTa SeniTa da ganminaTle bneli Cemi. aha esera micnobies, rameTu ginda ÃsnaÁ Cemi da miaxlebad Senda, ufalo kurTxeulo. [51�]da me amas adgilsa aRvmarTo Zeli juarisaÁ, romliTaca ididebodis saxeli Seni da iÃsenebodis saqmÀ ese saswaulTaÁ amaT ukunisamde, amen!~ da daÁswavla adgili igi da warmoemarTa. da viTarca ixila naTeli erman misman, gamoerTvoda ganbneuli igi, da mefÀ RaRadebda da etyoda yovelsa mas ersa missa: `mieciT didebaÁ RmerTsa ninoÁssa yovelman erman, ram-eTu igi ars RmerTi saukunoÁ da mas mxolosa hSuenis amen!~

xolo nana dedufali da yoveli qalaqi ganvides mi-gebebad mefesa, rameTu esma pirvel wymedaÁ da kual-ad moslvaÁ mkÂdrobiT. da miegebvodes qinZars [52r]da RarTas. xolo netari nino dadgromil iyo locvasa mwuxrisasa maylovansa mas Sina Cueulebisaebr TÂsisa Jamsa missa da Cuen mis Tana ormeocdaaTi suli.

da iyo, viTarca Semovida mefÀ, iZrvoda yoveli qalaqi da ÃmiTa maRliTa RaRadebda mirian mefÀ: `Ä, sada ars dedakaci igi ucxoÁ, romel ars dedaÁ Cemi da RmerTi misi _ mÃsneli Cemi?~ viTarca esma mefesa, Tu aqa, may-lovansa ars da ilocavs, modrka mefÀ igi da yoveli laSqari mis Tana da movida. da gardamoÁWra saÃedriT da etyoda ninos: àw Rirs vara saxelsa RmrTisa Senisa-sa da mÃsne[52�]lisa Cemisasa?~ xolo igi aswavebda da awuevda mswrafl Tayuaniscemasa aRmosavaliT, aRsaare-biT qristes, Zesa RmrTisasa.

maSin iyo gurgÂnvaÁ didi da tirili yovlisa kacisaÁ, odes hxedvides mefesa da colsa missa cremlosanTa.

da xvalis dRe waravlinna mociqulni saberZneTa. da netari nino aswavebda mefesa da yovelsa ersa dRÀ da Rame WeSmaritsa mas gzasa.

360

Tavi :À:

misive aRwerili aRSÀnebisaTÂseklesiÁsa

da odes waremarTa mefÀ da yoveli eri qarTlisaÁ mo-swrafebiT qristeanobad, vidre mRdelTa maT moslvad-mde, etyoda ninos mefÀ: `sada [53r]uSeno saxli RmerTsa?~ xolo man netarman hrqua: `sadaca mefeTa gonebaÁ mtkice ars~. xolo mefeman man hrqua: `miyuaran me mayualni isi Senni da mun minebs gonebiTa CemiTa, raÁTa avuSeno saxli RmerTsa salocvelad Cemda. gana ara egre, aramed ara vhrido samoTxesa amas sameufosa da naZuTa amaT simaR-lesa, da babiloTa* maT nayofierobasa da yuavilTa maT surnelebasa. da mas Sina <da> aRuSÀno taZari RmerTsa salocvelad Cemda da sadidebelad saxelisa misisa~.

da mswrafl mo-xolo-iRes Zeli da daÁwyes mas Sina eklesiasa. da mohkueTa naZÂ igi da Sehmzada <da> suetad [53�]da ZirTa misTa zeda dadva saZirkuveli. da iyo suetisaÁ mis saSinelad xilvaÁ da saZirkuveli, romel zemo weril ars. xolo mefÀ, odes dabrkolda suetisa mis aRmarTebasa, da warvida saxed TÂsa gul-klebiT igi da yoveli eri mas Ramesa.

da dadga nino suetsa mas Tana da me Tana viyav da sxuani Tormetni dedebi ninoÁs Tana. xolo igi sana-treli godebda da daadenda cremlTa suetsa mas zeda sulTqumiT. da viTarca Sova Rames oden iyo, warmoÁq-ceodes mTani ese orni, zaden da armaz, reca Tu es-rÀT CamoÁrRues da daayenes orTave wyalni. da mtkuar-man gardamohxeTqa da warhqonda qalaqi [54r]da SeÁqmnes Ãmani sazarelni tyebisa da sivltolisani. da meyseu-lad dascxres Ãmani igi da iyo araraÁ. da dadga netari igi da ganepyrnes Ãelni cad mimarT da Tualni RmrTad da iTxovda, raÁTa ara daebrkolos saqmÀ ese, romelsa warmar[T]ebul ars mefÀ.

da viTarca arRa eyivla qaTamsa, samTave karTa qalaq-isaTa dasca zarsa laSqarman Zlierman da dalewnes karni da aivso qalaqi sparsTa laSqriTa da SeÁqmna zarisgansaÃdeli zrinvaÁ da Jivili, da klvaÁ da sisxli dioda. da aÁvso yoveli adgili da movida Cuen zeda sim-

* babilonTa.

361

ravlÀ maxÂlTaÁ da ZaxilTaÁ, da dadnes Ãorcni Cuenni, da ganilia suli Cueni. xolo wmidaÁ igi da [54�]netari dga SeuZrwunebelad. da me vtirode mamisa Cemisa da na-TesavTa CemTaTÂs da mswrafl mesma, Ãmobdes Zlierad: `brZanebs [mefÀ] sparsTaÁ xuara da mefeTa mefÀ xuaran xuaran, yoveli huriaÁ ganarineT pirisagan maxÂlisa~. da viTarca ÃmaÁ ese mesma, ukumovege cnobasa da Seor-guldiT me da aTni igi Cem Tana. da moaxlebul iyvnes maxÂlosanni da Cuensa garemoÁs scemdes da klvides.

da Ásma ÃmaÁ Zlierad, mirian mefÀ Seipyreso. da gare-moÁxila mÃned moRuaweman man da Tqua: `kualad yvesa? vici aw diad same hSWirs da vhmadlob RmerTsa, viTa ese niSani maTisa warwymedisaÁ ars da qarTlisa cxorebisaÁ [55r]da amis adgilisa didebisaÁ~. nugeSinis-gucemda Cuen viTarca moZRuari Ãelovani da WeSmaritad moZRuari da mociquli sanatreli. da mieqca ersa mas momavalsa Cuen zeda da hrqua: `sada arian mefeni sparsTani xuara da xuaran xua? sabastaniT guSin warmoxuediTa? male same warmoxuediT da diad same laSqari xarT, da Zli-erad dahleweT qalaqi ese da maxÂli daeciT qarTa da niavTa, wargualeT CrdiloÁT kerZoTa mTaTa da kedarTa adgilTa. aqa movida, romelsa Tquen evltiT.” da gan-Zra marjuenaÁ Ãeli juarisa saxed da meyseulad uCino iqmna yoveli igi, da iqmna dayudeba. da Cuen vadidebdeT RmerTsa da vhnatrideT wmidasa mas ninos.

[55�]xolo viTarca ciskari aReReboda, mierula daTa maT CemTa yovelTa, xolo me mRÂZare viyav. da igi dga ze ÃelTgapyrobili. aha esera, zeda moadga Wabuki erTi, yovlad naTliTa Semkuli da Sebradnili cecxlisa zewriTa, da arquna samni raÁme sityuani netarsa mas. xolo igi daeca pirsa zeda TÂssa. da miyo Ãeli Wabuk-man man suetsa mas da upyra Tavi da aRmarTa da wariRo simaRlesa Sina. da me gankÂrvebuli miveaxle da va[r]qu: `dedufalo, raÁ ars ese?~ xolo man damdrika queyanad da tirilad viwyeT zarsa mas zeda. da mciredisa Jamisa Semdgomad aRdga da aRmadgina meca. da ganveSoreniT mas adgilsa, [56r]rameTu sxuani igi dedani iyunesve kide. da aha, vixileT sueti igi cecxlis saxed Camovidoda da moeaxla xari[s]xsa mas, daemarTa da dadga queyaniT aRSorebulad viTar aT oden mwyrTa, da neliad-neliad

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CamoÁcvalebda xari[s]xad TÂs[s]ave monakueTsa mas Zirsa zeda naZÂsasa.

viTarca riJuraJu iyo, adgomil iyo mefÀ gulgdebuli urvaTagan da moÁxedna samoTxesa mas, dawyebulsa mas TÂssa eklesiasa, rameTu mun mtkice iyo gonebaÁ misi. da ixila naTeli igi, viTarca elvaÁ zecad aRwevnu-li samoTxiT misiT. iwyo srbad, mkÂrcxl [56�]movidoda yoveli simravlÀ saxlisa misisaÁ da yoveli eri qalaq-isaÁ mis Tana. da viTarca movides da ixiles sakÂrveli igi naTliTa brwyinvalÀ sueti igi Camovidoda adgilad TÂsa, reca Tu viTarca zeciT dadga xarisxsa TÂssa zeda da daemyara ÃeliT Seuxebelad kacTagan.

netar mas Jamsa, raÁ igi iqmneboda!SiSiTa da sixaruliTa aRivso mcxeTaÁ qalaqi. da

sdiodes mdinareni cremlTani mefeTa da mTavarTa da yovelsa ersa sulTqumiTa sulisa misisaÁTa, adidebdes RmerTsa da hnatrides ninos. da iqmnes mas dResa Sina saswaulni mravalni.

pirveli saswauli:[57r]movida huriaÁ, brmaÁ SobiTgan, da mieaxla suetsa

mas da munTquesve iqmna mxedvel da adidebda RmerTsa.

meorÀ:sefe-wuli vinme yrmaÁ, amazaspeani <yrmaÁ>, idva mraval-

wlisa s<w>neuli, warmarTi. moÁRo dedaman misman sar-wmunoebiT, dadva cxedriTa winaSe suetsa mas naTlisa-sa, da nandÂlve WeSmaritad naTlisasa da didebulsa, da evedreboda dedaÁ igi yrmisaÁ mis netarsa ninos: `mohxede, dedufalo, Zesa Cemsa, miaxlebulsa sikudild, rameTu vici, viTarmed RmerTi RmerTTaÁ igi ars, romel-sa Sen hmsaxureb da Cuen gÂqadageb~. maSin Seaxo Ãeli nino suetsa mas da dasdva yrmasa da hrqua: ̀ ukueTu [57�]grwams iesu qriste, ZÀ RmrTisaÁ, Ãorcielad mosruli cxorebad yovlisa soflisa, ganikurne amieriTgan da mas adidebdi, visman Zalman gang[k]urna~. da mswrafl aRdga yrmaÁ igi viTarca utkivneli.

da daeca SiSi didi mefesa da yovelsa ersa da adidebdes RmerTsa. da TiTo-saxeni sneulni movidodes da ganikurnebodes, vidremdis mefeman Seuqmna saborveli

363

ZelisaÁ garemo suetsa mas da dafara xedvisagan. da egre saxed Seexebodes erni sarCulsa mas da ganikurneb[o]des.

da mswrafl daÁwyo mefeman da aRaSÀna eklesiaÁ sa-moTxesa Sina.

maSin movides mociqulni saberZneTiT _ mRdelTmoZ-Ruari, da mRdelni [58r]da deakunni, da iwyes naTlis-Rebad mefeman da yovelman erman misman, viTarca zemo werila.

Tavi :T:

aRwerili abiaTar hurisaÁ, romeli iyo mRdelibaginsa Sina mcxeTas da naTel-iRo Ãelsa Sina

ninoÁssa

me mRdeli viyav wiliT xuedrebuli samRdelosa mis weliwadisasa, odes-ese netari dedakaci nino movida mcxe-Tad. da Cem Tana wignebi mosrul iyo hromiT da egÂptiT da babiloniT huriaTa mRdelTaÁ da mwignobarTaÁ, wer-ili esrÀT: `samad ganxeTqa RmerTman mefobaÁ israel-isaÁ. [58�]aha esera, winawarmetyuelni Cuenni dascxres, rameTu romlisa-igi suli awuevda maT sityuad, yoveli aResrula. da ganvibniveniT Cuen yovelsa queyanasa da hromTa daipyres queyanaÁ Cueni mefobiT. da vtirodeT Cuen yovliTurT maRlisa mimarT da ara ismina Cueni, rameTu ganvarisxeT Cuen RmerTi, Semoqmedi Cueni. aw ixi-len Sen wignni mosÀsni, romelman damiwerna Cuen ese yoveli: `romeli Átyodis queyanasa zeda Tavsa TÂssa RmerTad, mokuedino~. anu ukue SevsceTiT nazarelisa mis ÁesuÁs sikudilsa, rameTu vxedavT, odes pirvel mamaTa CuenTa Sescudian RmerTsa da yovladve daiviwyian igi, da miscnis Ãelmwifesa Znelsa da tyueobasa. da kualad odes moÁqcian da RaRad-[59r]yvian, mswrafl dascxris risxvisagan da ganarinnis igi Wirisagan da ese SÂd-gzis viciT werilTagan. xolo aw vinaÁTgan Ãelni Seasxnes Zesa mas dedakacisa mwirisasa da mokles, aÁRo RmerTman Ãeli misi Cuen zeda, ganxeTqa mefobaÁ Cueni, ganguaSor-na taZarsa RmrTisasa da ugulebels-yo <da ugulebels-yo> naTesavi Cueni. da ars :t*: wel, vinaÁTgan arca is-mina visi CuenganisaÁ vedrebaÁ da arca yo vedrebaÁ [d]a

* :x:

364

lxinebaÁ. sagonebel gÂCs, viTarmed zeciT iyo kaci igi~. da ese ganemravla mowerili. xolo viTarca mesma ese da warvikiTxe wignebi ese, gulsa SemiÃda da viwye kiTxvad dedakacisa amis ninoÁsa qristÀs[59�]TÂs, Tu vinaÁ iyo igi, anu romlisa mizezisaTÂs iqmna kac RmerTi.

maSin aRaRo piri TÂsi nino da aRmodiodes sityu-ani misni, viTarca jurRmulisagan da viTarca wyaroman Áwyo dinebad saukuniTgan. Cem Tana wignTa zepiriT war-moÁtyoda da yovelsa ganmimartvida; da viTarca mZin-aresa ganmaRÂZebda, da viTarca Sesuenebulsa gonebasa ganminaTlebda da mamaTa CemTa Semawyalebda da Sju-lisa cvalebasa damajerebda, vidremdis gulisÃma-miyo da mrwmena sityuaTa misTaÁ iesu* qriste, ZÀ RmrTisaÁ, da vnebaÁ misi, da adgomaÁ misi didebiT, da mesamed _ meo-red didebiT moslvaÁ igi misi, da WeSmaritad igi ars molodebaÁ warmarTTaÁ.

[60r]mas Jamsa me da asuli Cemi Rirs viqmeneniT sap-kurebelsa mas gansawmedelsa codvaTagan embazisa wy-alsa, romelsa inatrida daviT da ver miewifa. da mesma ÃmaÁ axlisa rCulisaÁ, erTad mgalobelTaÁ, romelsa ina-trida igive daviT. da Rirs viqmen me ziarebad WeSmarit-sa Ãorcsa da sisxlsa RmrTisa kravisasa, soflisa cod-vaTaTÂs Sewirulsa, romlisaÁ tkbil ars gemoÁs xilvaÁ. da amas zeda yavn RmerTman gansvlaÁ Cemi ÃorcTa amaT-gan, rameTu mravalni saswaulni ixilnes TualTa CemTa ninoÁs mier mcxeTas Sina dReTa [60�]CemTa.

xolo saxli eliozisi [i]yo qalaqsa dasavaliT, karsa dasav[a]liT moguTisasa, mtkuarsa zeda. da iyo mcirÀ bagini samarxoÁ maTi, romelsa zeda aRmarTa juari qristÀsi nino, dedaman Cemman. erTierTsa naTel-scemda mun Sina ÃeliTa iakob mRdelisaÁTa da prosila mTa-vardeakonisaÁTa mTavar[Ta] Svilebsa wiaR qalaqisaTa. da erqua adgilsa mas mTavarTa sanaTlo. da friad didebul iyo adgili igi dReTa CuenTa, rameTu dga igi velsa TÂnier naSenebisa. da maT dReTa SeÁSalnes huri-ani Cem zeda mcxeTiT da dasces xÀ igi kilamoÁ, romeli dga karsa zeda [61r]baginisasa, romeli ganaSuenebda adg-ilsa mas, rameTu gardaerTxnes rtoni misni yovelsa mas stoasa baginisasa. da iwyes warslvad saÁdaÁTve TÂnier

* iese

365

barabianTasa, romel moinaTla ormoci suli saxlisa maTisaÁ da mkÂdr iqmnes mcxeTas Sina. da miuboZa mefe-man dabaÁ, romelsa rqÂan cixe-didi da iyunes did winaSe mefisa da qristeane WeSmaritad madliTa netarisa ni-noÁsiTa da moZRurebiTa misiTa.

da maT dReTa Sina moÁwia hromiT wigni wmidisa pa-triaqisaÁ ni[n]oÁsa da mefisa da yovlisa erisa qar-TlisaÁ. da moevlina [61�]brangu deakoni qebisa Sesxmad da kurTxevisa micemad da amis netarisa locvasa war-Rebad da madlisa ziarebad. da aqunda wigni branguTa mefisaÁ ninoÁsa, rameTu moenaTlnes igini mamasa missa. da ese yoveli mismenil iyo maTa ierusalÀmiT, hromiT da kostantinepoliT, viTarmed amas queyanasa Crdil-oÁsasa miefina mzÀ igi simarTlisaÁ _ qristeÁ. da amis-aTÂs natriT werili wigni moewera, raÁTamca euwynes aqani igi saswaulni sakuirveli suetisaÁ mis sakÂrvele-baTa da ZalTa kurnebisaTa, [62r]romeli ixila deakonman da SeZrwunebuli adidebda RmerTsa, wariRo wignebi da warvida.

Tavi :i:

wignÁ, romel dawera mirian, mefeman qarTlisaman, Jamsa sikudilisasa. dawera ÃeliTa iakob

mTavarepiskopozisaÁTa da misca salomes, Zis colsa missa, rameTu iyo igi mecnier yovlisa ubiwo

WeSmaritebisa

da iyo, Jamsa mas, romelsa moÁÃsena ufalman queyanaÁ qarTlisaÁ, dabnelebuli codviTa da savsÀ cTomiTa eS-makTa monebisaÁTa. da viyveniT Cuen viTarca cxovarni klvadni, rameTu var me meocdaTequsmetÀ mefÀ, vinaÁTgan [62�]mamani Cuenni aqa moÁwivnes, vidre dReTa CemTadme. SeWamna Svilni maTni cecxlman msxuerplad kerpTaTÂs. da ubraloÁ igi eri queyanisaÁ amis, romelni SvilTa maTTa, viTarca Tavsa, aRebdes mamani, mamaCuenni ZliT, raÁ-Ta saTno eyunen kerpTa da ufroÁs xolo maTTa amaT orTa, armazs da zadens, romelTa quanica maTni daul-pian sisxliTa CCÂlTaÁTa da Rirs arian igi mTani as-polvad cecxliTa RmrTisamieriTa. xolo odes moÁwia Jami da movida nino pirvel viTarca tyueÁ, da viTarca

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ucxoÁ, da viTarca mwiri, da viTarca Seuwevneli, da vi-Tarca utyÂ da usmi, romliTa aw meqmna Cuen tyueÁ igi [63r]dedufali da ucxoÁ igi dedakaci, Seuwevneli igi _ Sesavedrebel yovelTa, utyÂ igi _ qadag Zlier da mec-nier dafarulTa CemTa. da aman aRanTo gulsa Cemsa san-Teli naTlisaÁ da SoaRames oden miCuena mzÀ brwyinva-lÀ, qriste RmerTi, romlisa naTeli misi ara moakldebis ukunisamde, amen! da meqmna Cuen moZRuar da SemZinna Cuen erad qristesa naTlisRebiTa da Zelisa TayuaniscemiTa, momca Cuen rCuli axali cxorebisaÁ da sixarulisaÁ, da Rirs-guyuna gemoÁs xilvad saÁdumlosa zecisasa. xolo me viqmen morCil brZanebaTa misTa, romelica maswava, da aRva[63�]SÀne eklesiaÁ salocvelad Cemda samoTxesa Sina mamaTa CuenTa mefeTaÁsa da mas Sina sueti ese naTlisaÁ, romeli me ver SeuZle yovliTa ZaliTa da cnobiTa ka-cobriviTa, romeli _ maRalman man moavlina erTi msax-urTagani da wamisyofiTa misiTa _ queyaniT cad aRvida. TÂT Tualni Tquenni hxedvides sakÂrvelebasa missa da merme saSinelad kurnebaTa misTa. da odes mauwya Cuen aRmarTebad juari, warvavlinen xuroni da eZiebdes xesa, vidremdis poes martod mdgomi kldesa zeda, romelsa ara mixebul iyo Ãeli kacisaÁ, aramed mona[64r]direTagan smeniT vicodeT saswauli xisaÁ mis. odes iremsa ecis Ásari, ivltin borcusa mas queSe, romlisa zeda dga xeÁ igi da swrafiT Wamn Teslsa missa CamocÂvnulsa da si-kudilisagan ganeris.

da ese miTxrian da viyav dakÂrvebul mas zeda. amisTÂsca movhkueTe xÀ igi da Sevqmen juari sami: erTi, romeli zeciT iyo saswauli misi, da erTi aRvhmarTe adgilsa mas, romelsa mxilebaÁ igi uflisa mier vixile mTasa zeda TxoTisasa, da erTi qalaqsa uJarmas, romel wariRo salome. da aRvaSene qvisa eklesiaÁ ma[64�]yualTa maT zeda ninoÁsTa da vqmen mas Sina saqmÀ, qmniT uCinoÁ da cxadi, didebaÁ maylovanTaÁ maT, rameTu ara gamovaÃu furceli erTi maT, aramed xerxiTa gare-Sevicven, rameTu mexilvnes mravalni saswaulni mas Sina da kurnebani didni. da Sevqmen zemoÁ eklesiaÁ qviTa Tavisa CemisaTÂs da erisaTÂs simravlisa, rameTu quemosa eklesiasa er-qua wmidaÁ wmidaTaÁ da yovlad ver vikadrebdiT karTa misTa ganxumad, TÂnierad kÂriakesa dResa. arca Seslvad

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vin ikadrebda, TÂnier [65r]mRdelisa, romeli galobn mas Sina, rameTu SiSi iyo yovelsa zeda kacsa suetisa misgan cxovelisa. hxedvida yoveli kaci suetsa mas, viTarca Zalsa RmrTisasa, da mixedvadca ver eufla kacsa sar-Culsa missa, romelsa TÂT hxedavT. da aw ver vikadre winaSe missa mokueTad miwaÁ samared Cemda, raÁTamca dae-marÃnes Ãorcni Cemni, rameTu meSinoda misgan codvisa oden moqmedsa da Sevimzade zemo saflavi Cemi, raÁTa Tualsa missa miverido da wyalobasa missa mivemTxÂo adgomasa mas yovelTasa.

da viTarca movelode gansrulebasa keTilTa RmrTi-saTa Cemda momarT da vityode, [65�]Sevhvedro suli Cemi dedasa mas Cemsa wmidaTasa ninoÁs. maSin Sehvedra ubi-woÁ igi suli misi dambadebelsa TÂssa, rameTu aR-same-esrula yoveli mcnebaÁ RmrTisaÁ da swavlaÁ wmidisaÁ mis mamis, dedis Zmisa misisaÁ, daguaoblna Cuen axal-Sobilni CCÂlni umecarni. da SevZrwundi suliTa da Cem Tana yoveli naTesavi CrdiloÁsaÁ, rameTu aRmo-oden-srul iyo mzÀ da mo-oden-fenil iyo naTeli, dafara Rrubelman zamTrisaman Cuengan, xolo igi wmidaÁ yov-ladve naTelsa Sina ars da yovelTa gananTlebs. [66r]da ganviZraxe gulsmodgined warmoZrvad guami misi aqa, winaSe suetsa naTlisasa, ara vpove RoneÁ yovladve, ver ganernes ferÃni cxenTa maTTa da verca SeZra orasman kacman cxedari igi, romelsa zeda SeÁsuena.

maSin davhmarxe guami misi yovladve didebulisaÁ bods, dabasa kxueTisasa da viglo[v]d :l: dRe sameufoÁT CemiTurT. da aRvaSÀne mas zeda eklesiaÁ da ganvadide friad. da misiTa oxiTa maqus sasoebaÁ Zisa RmrTisagan [66�]da sarwmunoebasa zeda wmidisa mamisasa, Zlierisa cxovels-myofelisa sulisasa daviZineb da moveli aR-dgomasa, da Segvedreb sulsa Cemsa yovelTa mgalobelTa uflisa mimarT, amen!

q. anderZi mirian mefisaÁ Zisa TÂsisa mimarT revisa da colisa nana deduflisa

àha esera, me warval, vinaÁca moved. Sen, nana, Tu g[e]ces mocalebaÁ cxorebisaÁ Cemsa Semdgomad, ganyav samefoÁ Cueni orad da miÁRe samarxosa ninoÁssa JamTa Secvaleb-

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isaTÂs, [67r]raÁTa ara [Seiryios] ukunisamde adgili igi~. da egreve vedrebda mTavarebiskopozsa, raÁTa dadvas didebaÁ mis adgilisaÁ, romeli Rirs ars pativiscemasa. xolo Zesa TÂssa aswavebda: àha esera SeÁcvala bneli Cueni naTlad da siqaduli Cueni cxorebad, sada hpovne queyanasa Sensa Sina vnebani igi, maT igulovdes. da ese SvilTa SenTa daamcen, rameTu me vici igi, viTarmed kavka-siaTa Sina ara daÁlevian. xolo Sen esre hyofd da Tavi Seni Sehvedre suetsa mas zegardamo didebulsa juarsa, caTa [67�]Cinebulsa, da iyavn Seni mislvaÁ miwad, Zilad saukunod sarwmunoebasa zeda wmidisa samebisasa, amen!~

aRwerili iakob mRdelisaÁ, romeli Tana hyvandaioane mTavarebiskopozsa, aRmarTebisaTÂs

patiosnisa juarisa mcxeTas

da iyo, ode[s] mohkueTes xÀ igi juarisaTÂs da moaqunda assa kacsa rto-furcliTurT, Semoaqunda qalaqad da mistydeboda eri mwuanisferobasa mas da furcloano<ano>basa JamTa zaf[68r]<zaf>xulis pirisa-Ta, oden sxuaÁ yoveli xeÁ Ãmel iyo, xolo igi yovladve furcel-daucÂvnel da sul-hamo da xilva-Suenier iyo xeÁ ese. da Zirsa zeda aRhmarTes xÀ igi karsa Tana ekle-siaÁsasa samxriT kerZo da hbervida wyalTagan neli niavi da Salvida furcelsa mis xisasa da Zrvida rtoTa misTa. da iyo xilvaÁ misi Suenier da sasurvel, viTarca smeniT viciT, xisaÁ mis alvisaÁ. da ese moekueTa TTuesa martsa :ke:, dResa paraskevsa. da dga xeÁ igi egre :lz: dResa da ara SeÁcvala feri furcelman [68�]misman, vi-Tarca mdgomareman Zirsa zeda TÂssa Tavsa zeda wy-aroÁsasa, vidremde yovelni xeni maRnarisani SeÁmosnes furcliTa da xeni nayofis gamomRebelni SeÁmosnes na-yofiTa da furcliTa. maSin TTuesa maÁssa :a: Seiqm-nes juarni ese da SÂdsa misve TTuesa aemarTnes Ãelis dadebiTa mefeTaÁTa da sixaruliT, wadierebiT yovlisa erisa qarTlisaÁTa. da iyunes eklesiasa Sina da ixiles yovelman simravleman qalaqisaman yovelTa maT RameTa da aha, Camovidis juari cecxlisaÁ dagÂrgÂnebuli vars-kulaviTa da daadgris zeda eklesiaTa vidre ganTiadmde,

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da riJuraJus oden gamovides [69r]misgan ori maskulavi da warvidis erTi aRmosavaliT da erTi dasavaliT. da igi Tavadi egreve nelad adgebin Ámier kerZo ar[a]gusa da daadgris borcusa zeda kldisasa, zemo kerZo, axlos wyarosa mas, romeli aRmoadines cremlTa wmidisa ni-noÁsTa da muniT aRimaRlis zecad. da ese mravalgzis ixila yovelman erman macxovarebaÁ RmrTisa CuenisaÁ.

maSin viwyeT kiTxvad netarisa ninoÁsa, Tu: `raÁ ars naberwyali isi da warvidis aRmosavaliT da dasavaliT?~

xolo man hrqua: `ganavlinen kacni mTaTa zeda maRal-Ta [69�] aRmosavalad, vidre kaxeTisa mTamde da dasaval-ad, vidre miawevs Seni sameufoÁ. da odes gamobrwyindnen mTiebni igi da yon, Tu sada dgren, munca aRhmarTen orni ese juarni qristÀsni~.

maSin mefeman yo egre da SeÁcvna Tavni mTaTani miwye-biT. da dReÁ ese iyo paraskevi da SabaTad ganTeneboda, da iyo igive saswauli da iqmna egreve, viTarca yovladve Áqmnis.

xvalis dRe movides dasavlisani, romelni dges TavTa zeda quabTa TavisaTa da miuTxres mefes, viTarca gam-ovida varskulavi igi, aRimaRla da miÁwia mTaTa zeda TxoTisa gardasavalsa ergus [70r]niaspisasa da daadgra adgilsa erTsa da neliad uCino iqmna. egreve movides mTiT kxueTisaÁT da uTxres mefesa: `vixileT varsku-lavi, aqaÁT momavali, da daadgra dabasa bods, kxueTisa queyanasa~.

maSin brZana netarman nino: `warixueniT orni igi juarni da aRhmarTeT erTi TxoTs, sada-igi gamxila RmerTman, da erTi miec salomes, mÃevalsa qristÀssa, da aRmarTos uJarmas qalaqsa. da dabaÁ bodi ara wina-aR-udges qalaqsa mefeTasa, rameTu erisa simravlÀ ars mun. bodisa kula dabaÁ TÂT vixilo, saTnoÁ [70�]igi adgili RmrTisaÁ~. [v]yavT egre, viTarca gÂbrZana dedufalman nino.

xolo ese saswauliTa zecisaÁTa Cinebuli patio-sani juari mcxeTisaÁ aRvipyarT ÃeliTa kacobriviTa da <da> mivediT borcusa mas queSe, wyarosa mas zeda, da vaTieT Rame da viloceT RmrTisa mimarT. da netari nino cremliTa Seszavebda wyarosa mas da iqmnebodes kurnebani da saswaulni didni.

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da xvalis dRe aRvediT zeda kldesa mas. da movida netari igi borcusa mas da davarda qvaTa zeda da tiro-da igi, da mefeni da mTavarni, da yovlisa erisa simravlÀ, mamaTaÁ [71r]da dedaTaÁ da wulilisa yrmisa tirili da z<i>rinvaÁ miÁweoda cadmde, vidremdis mTanica Ãmobdes maT Tana. da dasdva Ãeli erTsa qvasa netarman nino da mrqua: `moved, Senda jer ars, daswere juari qvasa amas~. da vyav egre. da mun aRmarTa juari igi didebuli ne-tarman nino da mefeTa. da dadrka yoveli igi simravlÀ erTa uricxuTaÁ da Tayuanis-sces juarsa, da aRiares juarcumuli igi WeSmaritad Zed RmrTisad cxovelisa, da hrwmena samebiT didebuli igi, amen!

xolo dedani igi mTavarni arasada ganeSorebodes eklesiasa wmidisa [71�]suetisa cxovelisasa naTlisasa da juarsa mas patiosansa cxovelsa, rameTu hxedvides saswaulTa maT uzomoTa da kurnebaTa maT miuTxrobel-Ta. dauteva nino mcxeTaÁ qalaqi da warvida mTeuleTa xarebad pirutyusaxeTa maT kacTa da Semusrvad kerpTa maTTa. xolo aqa Sina dauteva huriaÁ igi mRdeli abia-Tar, romeli iyo meorÀ pavlÀ, romeli ara dascxreboda dRÀ da Rame qadagebasa qristÀssa da didebasa missa, vidremdis sivltolad iwyes huriaTa maT. [72r]xolo bag-inisaTÂs ÁZulebn mefesa, raÁTa ara SeZran naSenebi misi, rameTu vidre ara gamoCinebul iyo axali madli queya-nasa amass, mun Sina iyo didebul saxeli saukunoÁsaÁ mis. da erCda mefÀ misTa dReTa da iyunes mun Sina mRdelad eliozis naTesavni huriaTa zeda.

saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, ese wigni qarTlis moqcevisani me, arSoSa-yofilman iovane, Sevwiren wmidasa mTasa si-nasa salocvelad SvilTa CemTaTÂs _ demetri, adrne[r]se da nerse, da saÃseneblad sulisa CemisaTus. locva yavT, amen!

qriste, Seiwyale iovane, amen! [72�]saxeliTa RmrTisaÁTa, daesrula wmidisa ninoÁsi,

locva yavT!

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