2
14 17 18 10 A timeless journey The Catacombs, which form a veritable labyrinth beneath the very heart of Paris, were created in the galleries of the former quarries whose stone was used to build the capital. Situated twenty metres below ground, the ossuary contains the remains of approximately six million Parisians, transferred there gradually between the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries as graveyards were being closed because of the risk they posed to public health. The first of these was the cimetière des Innocents graveyard in 1786 in what is now the district of Les Halles. In the long maze of dark galleries and narrow passages, visitors can see a tableau of death with bones arranged in a macabre display of high Romantic taste. The alexandrine verse Arrête, c’est ici l’empire de la mort” [Halt, this is the realm of Death ] above the entrance to the ossuary is just one of an extensive series of maxims, poems and other sacred and profane passages giving pause for thought during the tour. This unusual site movingly brings the history of the Parisian people back to life and takes visitors on a timeless journey. A unique site in former quarries The Catacombs represent the interface between the history of Paris and the Earth’s geological evolution. Forty-five million years ago, Paris and the surrounding area were covered by a tropical sea. Dozens of metres of sediment accumulated on the sea bed, forming over time the limestone deposits visible in the Catacombs today. Geologists worldwide call this period in the history of the world the Lutetian period, after Lutetia, the Gallo-Roman name for Paris. As early as the first century AD, the Gallo- Romans were using this limestone to build Lutetia. From the thirteenth century onwards, the open quarries on the slopes along the river Bièvre were replaced by underground workings to supply the huge quantities of stone required to build Notre-Dame Cathedral, the Louvre and city ramparts. The supporting pillars, bell- shaped roof cavities, quarrymen’s footbath and Port-Mahon sculpture gallery, all of which can be seen on the tour, bear witness to the fact that mining activity was carried out at the site over the centuries. The quarrying left empty areas used to create the eighteenth-century ossuary which became the Paris Catacombs. Notable dead historical figures The bones from several graveyards and churches in Paris undoubtedly include the remains of many famous names from previous centuries including, amongst others, the writers François Rabelais (between 1483 and 1494 1553), Jean de La Fontaine (1621 1698) and Charles Perrault (1628 1703), the sculptor François Girardon (1628 – 1715), the painter Simon Vouet (1590 – 1649), the architects Salomon de Brosse (1571 – 1626), Claude Perrault (1613 – 1688) and also Jules Hardouin- Mansart (1646 – 1708). During the Revolution, people were buried directly in the Catacombs, including members of the Swiss Guard killed in the storming of the Tuileries palace on 10 August 1792 and victims of the massacres in September 1792. The remains of victims of the guillotine transferred there from their original burial pits include Lavoisier (1743 – 1794), Madame Elisabeth (1764 – 1794), Camille and Lucile Desmoulins (1760 – 1794 and 1771 – 1794) , Danton (1759 – 1794) and Robespierre (1758 – 1794). les Catacombes de Paris 4 April 1777 7 April 1786 1787-1814 1810-1814 1859 1983 2002 2008 20 metres 213 2 kilometres 45 minutes 14° 11,000 sq. m 800 metres 6 - 7 million Key dates Louis XVI established the Quarries Inspectorate responsible for protecting Parisian quarries. The City of Paris Quarries Inspectorate is currently working on this project. Blessing and consecration of the former Tombe-Issoire quarries, which became the ossuary known as the Catacombs. It took two years to transfer all the bones from the cimetière des Innocents graveyard, which was the largest in Paris. Transfer of bones from other Parisian parish graveyards to the Catacombs. Héricart de Thury, the Inspector of Quarries, carries out work to make the site accessible to visitors. The final transfer of bones takes place during the urban regeneration work carried out by Haussmann. Management of the Catacombs is taken over from the Quarries Inspectorate by the City of Paris Cultural Affairs Division. Catacombs officially become part of the Carnavalet – History of Paris Museum. The Catacombs reopen after three months of work, notably in the Port-Mahon gallery, which has been closed since 1995. Key figures and facts The depth of the Catacombs, equivalent to a five-story building The total number of steps during the tour (130 to go down and 83 to reach the exit) The distance covered by the tour The average duration of the tour The constant temperature in the Catacombs The surface area of the ossuary The length of the galleries in the ossuary The number of Parisians whose remains lie in the Catacombs MUSÉES DE LA VILLE DE PARIS musees.paris.fr Detail from the Cimetière des Innocents by Jacob Grimer (XVI th century) Funerary lamp Large cross in the Sacellum crypt Visitors in the passageways of the ossuary in 1865 Detail of a design Retaining arch supporting a bell-shaped roof cavity Gallery in the ossuary Anonymous, Visit to the Catacombs, 1804-1814 10 11 12 Access ramp between the second and first levels of the quarry Plaque from the Cimetière des Innocents graveyard Tombstone of Françoise Géllain 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 15 16 19 20 Couverture : « Le Tonneau » © Mairie de Paris / D. Messina 1 © Mairie de Paris / D. Messina 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19 © Mairie de Paris / Ch. Fouin 7 © Mairie de Paris / Inspection générale des Carrières / Delius 11 © DHAAP / M. Lelièvre 13, 17, 20 © Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet

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14

17

18

10

A timeless journey The Catacombs, which form a veritable

labyrinth beneath the very heart of Paris, were

created in the galleries of the former quarries

whose stone was used to build the capital.

Situated twenty metres below ground, the

ossuary contains the remains of approximately

six million Parisians, transferred there

gradually between the late eighteenth and

mid-nineteenth centuries as graveyards were

being closed because of the risk they posed

to public health. The first of these was the

cimetière des Innocents graveyard in 1786 in

what is now the district of Les Halles.

In the long maze of dark galleries and narrow passages, visitors can see a tableau of death with bones arranged in a macabre display of high Romantic taste. The alexandrine verse “Arrête, c’est ici l’empire de la mort” [Halt, this is the realm of Death ] above the entrance to the ossuary is just one of an extensive series of maxims, poems and other sacred and profane passages giving pause for thought during the tour. This unusual site movingly brings the history of the Parisian people back to life and takes visitors on a timeless journey.

A unique site in former quarries The Catacombs represent the interface

between the history of Paris and the Earth’s

geological evolution. Forty-five million years

ago, Paris and the surrounding area were

covered by a tropical sea. Dozens of metres of

sediment accumulated on the sea bed, forming

over time the limestone deposits visible in

the Catacombs today. Geologists worldwide

call this period in the history of the world the

Lutetian period, after Lutetia, the Gallo-Roman

name for Paris.

As early as the first century AD, the Gallo-

Romans were using this limestone to build

Lutetia. From the thirteenth century onwards,

the open quarries on the slopes along the river

Bièvre were replaced by underground workings

to supply the huge quantities of stone required

to build Notre-Dame Cathedral, the Louvre

and city ramparts. The supporting pillars, bell-

shaped roof cavities, quarrymen’s footbath

and Port-Mahon sculpture gallery, all of which

can be seen on the tour, bear witness to the

fact that mining activity was carried out at the

site over the centuries.

The quarrying left empty areas used to create

the eighteenth-century ossuary which became

the Paris Catacombs.

Notable dead historical figuresThe bones from several graveyards and

churches in Paris undoubtedly include the

remains of many famous names from previous

centuries including, amongst others, the

writers François Rabelais (between 1483 and

1494 – 1553), Jean de La Fontaine (1621 – 1698)

and Charles Perrault (1628 – 1703), the sculptor

François Girardon (1628 – 1715), the painter

Simon Vouet (1590 – 1649), the architects

Salomon de Brosse (1571 – 1626), Claude

Perrault (1613 – 1688) and also Jules Hardouin-

Mansart (1646 – 1708).

During the Revolution, people were buried

directly in the Catacombs, including members

of the Swiss Guard killed in the storming of the

Tuileries palace on 10 August 1792 and victims

of the massacres in September 1792.

The remains of victims of the guillotine

transferred there from their original burial

pits include Lavoisier (1743 – 1794), Madame

Elisabeth (1764 – 1794), Camille and Lucile

Desmoulins (1760 – 1794 and 1771 – 1794) ,

Danton (1759 – 1794) and Robespierre

(1758 – 1794).

les Catacombes de Paris

4 April 1777

7 April 1786

1787-1814

1810-1814

1859

1983

2002

2008

20 metres

213

2 kilometres

45 minutes

14°

11,000 sq. m

800 metres

6 - 7 million

Key dates Louis XVI established the Quarries Inspectorate responsible for protecting Parisian quarries. The City of Paris Quarries Inspectorate is currently working on this project.

Blessing and consecration of the former Tombe-Issoire quarries, which became the ossuary known as the Catacombs. It took two years to transfer all the bones from the cimetière des Innocents graveyard, which was the largest in Paris.

Transfer of bones from other Parisian parish graveyards to the Catacombs.

Héricart de Thury, the Inspector of Quarries, carries out work to make the site accessible to visitors.

The final transfer of bones takes place during the urban regeneration work carried out by Haussmann.

Management of the Catacombs is taken over from the Quarries Inspectorate by the City of Paris Cultural Affairs Division.

Catacombs officially become part of the Carnavalet – History of Paris Museum.

The Catacombs reopen after three months of work, notably in the Port-Mahon gallery, which has been closed since 1995.

Key figures and facts The depth of the Catacombs, equivalent to a five-story building

The total number of steps during the tour (130 to go down and 83 to reach the exit)

The distance covered by the tour

The average duration of the tour

The constant temperature in the Catacombs

The surface area of the ossuary

The length of the galleries in the ossuary

The number of Parisians whose remains lie in the Catacombs

MUSÉESDE LA VILLE DEPARIS

MUSÉESDE LA VILLE DEPARIS

musees.paris.fr

Detail from the

Cimetière des Innocents

by Jacob Grimer

(XVIth century)

Funerary lamp

Large cross in the

Sacellum crypt

Visitors in the

passageways of the

ossuary in 1865

Detail of a design

Retaining arch

supporting a bell-shaped

roof cavity

Gallery in the ossuary

Anonymous,

Visit to the Catacombs,

1804-1814

10

11

12

Access ramp

between the second

and first levels of the

quarry

Plaque from

the Cimetière des

Innocents graveyard

Tombstone of

Françoise Géllain

13

14

15

16

17

1819

20

11

12 13 15 16 19 20

Couverture : « Le Tonneau » © Mairie de Paris / D. Messina

1 © Mairie de Paris / D. Messina

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19 © Mairie de Paris / Ch. Fouin

7 © Mairie de Paris / Inspection générale des Carrières / Delius

11 © DHAAP / M. Lelièvre

13, 17, 20 © Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet

Un voyage hors du temps Véritable labyrinthe au cœur du Paris souterrain,

les Catacombes ont été aménagées dans les

galeries d’anciennes carrières dont les pierres

servirent à la construction de la capitale.

À 20 mètres sous terre, l’ossuaire rassemble

les restes d’environ six millions de Parisiens,

transférés entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle et le milieu

du XIXe siècle, au fur et à mesure de la fermeture

des cimetières pour raison d’insalubrité

– le premier fut le cimetière des Innocents

dans l’actuel quartier des Halles en 1786.

Le long d’un enchevêtrement de galeries

obscures et de couloirs étroits, le visiteur

découvre une mise en scène de la mort avec

les ossements disposés en un décor romantico-

macabre. « Arrête, c’est ici l’empire de la mort » :

placé à l’entrée de l’ossuaire, cet alexandrin

ouvre une longue série de sentences, poèmes

et autres textes profanes ou religieux, qui

ajoutent une dimension méditative au parcours.

Ce site original restitue de manière émouvante

l’histoire des Parisiens et invite à un voyage

hors du temps.

Un site unique dans d’anciennes carrières Dans les Catacombes se croisent l’histoire de Paris

et l’évolution géologique de la Terre. 45 millions

d’années avant notre ère, l’emplacement de

Paris et de ses environs était occupé par une mer

tropicale. Sur le fond marin se sont accumulés des

dizaines de mètres de sédiments qui deviendront

des calcaires au cours du temps, visibles

aujourd’hui dans le site. Ils caractérisent pour les

géologues du monde entier, une période de temps

de l’histoire de la Terre, appelé « Lutétien »,

de « Lutetia » nom gallo-romain de Paris.

Dès le Ier siècle ap. J.-C., les Gallo-Romains ont

utilisé ce calcaire pour construire Lutèce.

À partir du XIIIe siècle, les carrières ouvertes sur

les coteaux de la Bièvre sont devenues

souterraines afin de fournir la grande quantité

de pierre nécessaire à la construction de la

cathédrale Notre-Dame, du Louvre et des remparts

de la ville. Les piliers de soutènement, cloches de

fontis, le « bain de pied des carriers » ou encore la

galerie de sculptures de Port-Mahon, situés dans le

parcours de visite des Catacombes, témoignent

de l’exploitation du site au cours des siècles.

Ces carrières ont laissé des vides où fut aménagé

l’ossuaire au XVIIIe siècle, devenant les Catacombes

de Paris.

CATACOMBES DE PARIS1 avenue du Colonel Henri Rol-Tanguy75014 ParisTél. : +33 (0)1 43 22 47 63www.catacombes.paris.fr et www.carnavalet.paris.fr

ACCÈS/GETTING THERE/ACCESOMétro et RER : Denfert-Rochereau (lignes 4 et 6, RER B)Bus : 38, 68 2, avenue René Coty

INFORMATIONS PRATIQUES

HORAIRESTous les jours de 10h à 17h, sauf les lundis et jours fériés.fermeture des cAisses à 16h.

VISITES-CONFÉRENCES ET VISITES EN GROUPES> Visiteurs individuels : renseignements à l’accueil.> Groupes (10 pers. min, 20 pers. max.) autorisés (avec ou sans conférencier) uniquement le matin, du mardi au vendredi inclus. réservation obligatoire 6 semaines minimum à l’avance auprès du service d’Action culturelle du musée Carnavalet, dulundi au vendredi de 9h à 17h sans interruption, au +33 (0)1 44 59 58 31 - 32(fax : +33(0)1 44 59 58 07).

FILMS ET PRISES DE VUELes photographies

sans flash ni pied, à usage strictement privé, sont autorisées dans le site.

CONDITIONS DE VISITE ET ACCESSIBILITÉNombre de visiteurs limité à 200 dans le site : en cas de forte affluence, les entrées peuvent être interrompues momentanément.Le week-end et pendant les vacances scolaires : prévoir 1 à 2 heures d’attente.130 marches à descendre, 83 marches à remonter.Ni toilettes, ni vestiaire.Visite déconseillée aux personnes souffrant d’insuffisance cardiaque ou respiratoire, aux personnes sensibles et aux jeunes enfants.Les Catacombes ne sont pas accessibles aux personnes à mobilité réduite.Les enfants de moins de 14 ans doivent être accompagnés d’un adulte.

USEFUL INFORMATON

OPENING HOURSOpen daily from 10am to 5pm, except Mondays and public holidays.LAst Admission At 4pm.

LECTURE TOURS AND GROUP TOURS> Individual visitors: details available at

the Information desk.> Groups (minimum 10 people, maximum 20 people) are authorised (guided or otherwise) mornings only, Tuesday to Friday inclusive. Booking required at least six weeks in advance at the Musée Carnavalet Cultural Office, open Monday-Friday from 9am to 5pm, on +33 (0)1 44 59 58 31 - 32 (fax: +33 (0)1 44 59 58 07).

FILMING AND PHOTOGRAPHYOnly photography for strictly personal use is allowed. No tripods or flash.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE TOUR AND ACCESSVisitor numbers are limited to 200 people on the site at any one time. Admission may be delayed for a short time during busy periods.Please allow a waiting time of 1-2 hours at the weekend and during school holidays.130 steps to go down and 83 steps back up to street level.There are no toilets or cloakroom facilities available.The tour is unsuitable for people with heart or respiratory problems, those of a nervous disposition and young children.There is no disabled access to the Catacombs.Children under the age of 14 must be accompanied by an adult.

INFORMACIONES PRÁCTICAS

HORARIOSTodos los días de 10h a 17h, excepto los lunes y días festivos.cierre de LAs tAquiLLAs A LAs 16 h.

VISITAS-CONFERENCIAS Y VISITAS EN GRUPOS> Visitantes individuales: información en la recepción.> Grupos (10 personas como mínimo, 20 como máximo) autorizados (con o sin conferenciante) únicamente por la mañana, de martes a viernes incluidos.

reserva obligatoria con 6 semanas de antelación como mínimo en el servicio de Acción cultural del museo Carnavalet, de lunes a viernes de 9h a 17h ininterrumpidamente, llamando al +33 (0) 1 44 59 58 31 - 32 (fax: +33 (0) 1 44 59 58 07).

PELíCULAS Y FOTOGRAFíASSe permite hacer fotografías sin flash ni trípode, para uso estrictamente privado.

CONDICIONES DE VISITA Y ACCESIBILIDADNúmero de visitantes limitado a 200: en caso de gran afluencia, las entradas pueden

interrumpirse mo-mentáneamente.Los fines de semana y las vacaciones escolares: -prever de 1 a 2 horas de espera130 peldaños de bajada, 83 de subida.No hay aseos ni vestuario.Se desaconseja la visita a las personas que padezcan insuficiencia cardíaca o respiratoria, a las personas sensibles y a los niños.Las Catacumbas no son accesibles para las personas con movilidad reducida.Los niños menores de 14 años deben estar acompañados por un adulto.

Les morts célèbres Parmi les ossements provenant de plusieurs

cimetières et églises de Paris, sont sans

doute conservés les restes de nombreuses

personnalités des siècles passés, entre autres

les écrivains François Rabelais (entre 1483

et 1494 – 1553), Jean de La Fontaine (1621 – 1698)

et Charles Perrault (1628 – 1703), le sculpteur

François Girardon (1628 – 1715), le peintre Simon

Vouet (1590 – 1649), les architectes Salomon de

Brosse (1571 – 1626), Claude Perrault (1613 – 1688)

ou encore Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1646 – 1708).

Au moment de la Révolution, certains morts

furent inhumés directement aux Catacombes :

les corps des gardes suisses tués lors de la prise

des Tuileries le 10 août 1792, de même que les

victimes des massacres de septembre 1792.

Enfin, les restes de guillotinés furent transférés

depuis leurs premières fosses d’inhumation :

Lavoisier (1743 – 1794), Madame Elisabeth

(1764 – 1794), Camille et Lucile Desmoulins

(1760 – 1794 et 1771 – 1794), Danton (1759 – 1794),

Robespierre (1758 – 1794)…

Les Catacombes en quelques dates

4 avril 1777

7 avril 1786

1787-1814

1810-1814

1859

1983

2002

2008

20 mètres

213

2 kilomètres

45 minutes

14°

11 000 m2

800 mètres

6 à 7 millions

Création par Louis XVI de l’Inspection générale des carrières, chargée de la protection des carrières parisiennes. De nos jours, l’Inspection générale des carrières de la Ville de Paris poursuit cette mission.

Bénédiction et consécration des anciennes carrières de la Tombe-Issoire, qui deviennent l’ossuaire appelé « Catacombes ». Deux années furent nécessaires pour y transférer la totalité des ossements du cimetière des Innocents, le plus important de Paris.

Transferts des ossements issus d’autres cimetières paroissiaux parisiens aux Catacombes.

Héricart de Thury, inspecteur général des carrières, aménage le lieu pour la visite au public.

Derniers dépôts d’ossements à l’occasion des grands travaux d’Haussmann.

Reprise en gestion des Catacombes par la Direction des Affaires culturelles de la Ville de Paris, après l’Inspection générale des Carrières.

Rattachement officiel des Catacombes au musée Carnavalet - Histoire de Paris.

Réouverture des Catacombes après 3 mois de travaux, notamment dans la galerie de Port-Mahon fermée depuis 1995.

Chiffres-clés Profondeur des Catacombes, équivalent à un immeuble de 5 étages

Nombre de marches pour accéder au site (130 à l’entrée + 83 à la sortie)

Longueur du parcours de visite

Temps moyen de la visite

Température constante des Catacombes

Superficie de l’ossuaire

Longueur des galeries de l’ossuaire

Nombre de Parisiens dont les restes sont déposés dans les Catacombes

Sites dédiés à l’histoire et à la mémoire de la capitale, les Catacombes

de Paris et la Crypte archéologique du parvis Notre-Dame dépendent

du musée Carnavalet – Histoire de Paris.

The Paris Catacombs and parvis Notre-Dame archaeological Crypt

are sites dedicated to the history and heritage of the capital and

form part of the Carnavalet - History of Paris Museum.

1

3

4

6

7

8

9

Entrée

des Catacombes

Entrée de l’ossuaire

Tombeau dit

« de Gilbert »

Plaque

commémorant la

création des sculptures

de Port-Mahon par

Décure

Motif réalisé

avec des ossements

Sculpture de Décure

1

4

2 5

36

Visite dans

les Catacombes de

Paris en 1938

Sculpture de Décure

« L’atelier »,

galerie de carrière

7

8

9

M

M

M

denfert-Rochereau

Mouton Duvernet

Alésia

Av d

u Gén

éral

Lecle

rc

Rue

de la

Tom

be Is

soire

Rue Rémy Dumoncel

Rue du Couédic

Rue d'Alésia

Av René Coty

Rue Froidevaux

Rue B

oular

d

Rue Mouton Duvernet

Rue Daguerre

Rue La

lande

RER

ENTRÉE

soRTiE

: Station de métro

: Station Vélib'

: Toilettes publiques

M

Ma

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ris

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de

s a

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