Less04 Instance Tb

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4Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Managing the Oracle Instance


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4-2 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:

Start and stop the Oracle database and

components Use Enterprise Manager (EM)

Understand the stages of database startup

Modify database initialization parameters

Compare manual and automatic shared memorymanagement

Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus

Access the data dictionary


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Management Framework

The three components of the Oracle

Database 10gmanagement framework are: Database instance Listener Management interface

Database Control Management agent (when using Grid Control)

ListenerDatabase

Control

Managementagent

Management interface

-or-

> Components

Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

Memory

Alert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary


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Starting and Stopping Database Control

$ emctl start dbconsoleTZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplicationStarting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control................ started.

------------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log

$ emctl stop dbconsole

TZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.http://edrsr9p1.us.oracle.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplicationStopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ...... Stopped.


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Oracle Enterprise Manager


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Accessing Oracle Enterprise Manager


7/424-7 Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Database Home Page

Property pages



Starting and Stopping the Listener



Database Startup and

Shutdown

or

Components

> Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

MemoryAlert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary



Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance



Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:

NOMOUNT

OPEN

MOUNT

NOMOUNT

SHUTDOWN

Instance

started

STARTUP


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Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:

OPEN

OPEN

MOUNT

NOMOUNT

SHUTDOWN

All files opened as

described by the control

file for this instance

Control file

opened for this

instance

Instance

started

STARTUP



Starting Up an Oracle DB Instance:

OPEN

OPEN

MOUNT

NOMOUNT

SHUTDOWN

All files opened as

described by the control

file for this instance

Control file

opened for this

instance

Instance

started

STARTUP



Shutting Down an Oracle

Database Instance

Components

Starting DB

> Stopping DB

Init Params

MemoryAlert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary



Shutdown Modes

A

No

No

No

No

T

No

No

Yes

Yes

I

No

No

No

Yes

Shutdown Mode

Allows new connections

Waits until current sessions end

Waits until current transactions end

Forces a checkpoint and closes files

N

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Shutdown mode:

A = ABORT I = IMMEDIATE

T = TRANSACTIONAL

N = NORMAL



SHUTDOWN Options

During

SHUTDOWNNORMAL

or

SHUTDOWNTRANSACTIONAL

or

SHUTDOWNIMMEDIATE

Consistent database

(clean database)

On the way down: Uncommitted

changes rolled

back, for

IMMEDIATE and

TRANSACTIONAL

Database buffer

cache written to

data files

Resourcesreleased

On the way up: No instance

recovery



Full Notes Page



SHUTDOWN Options

During

SHUTDOWN ABORTor

Instance Failure

or

STARTUP FORCE

Inconsistent database

(dirty database)

On the way down: Modified buffers

not written to

data files

Uncommitted

changes not

rolled back

On the way up: Online redo

log files used

to reapply

changes

Undo

segments

used to roll

back

uncommittedchanges

Resources

released



Using SQL*Plus to Start Up

and Shut Down

[oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$ sqlplus dba1/oracle as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 285212672 bytesFixed Size 1218472 bytes Variable Size 250177624 bytesDatabase Buffers 33554432 bytesRedo Buffers 262144 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL>



spfileorcl.ora

Initialization Parameter Files ComponentsStarting DB

Stopping DB

> Init Params

MemoryAlert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary



Viewing and Modifying

Initialization Parameters



Managing Memory

Components

Automatic Shared Memory Management:

Is recommendedto simplify management

Enables you to specify the total SGA memory

through one initialization parameter

Enables the Oracle server to manage the amount of

memory allocated to the shared pool, Java pool,

buffer cache, and the large pool

Manually setting shared memory management

Sizes the components through multiple individualinitialization parameters

Uses the Memory Advisor to make

recommendations

Components

Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

> MemoryAlert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary



Enabling Automatic Shared

Memory Management (ASMM)

Click Enable to enableAutomatic Shared

Memory Management.



Enabling Automatic Shared

Memory Management (ASMM)

(Notes Only Slide)


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Manually Setting Shared

Memory Management


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Viewing the Alert Log

Database Home page > Related Links region >

Alert Log Content

Components

Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

Memory> Alert Log

SQL*Plus

Dictionary


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Viewing the Alert History


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Using SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus

to Access Your Database

SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus provide additional

interfaces to your database to:

Perform database management operations

Execute SQL commands to query, insert, update,

and delete data in your database

Components

Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

MemoryAlert Log

> SQL*Plus

Dictionary


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Using iSQL*Plus

1

2

3


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Using iSQL*Plus

(Notes Only Page)


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Using SQL*Plus

SQL*Plus is:

A command-line tool

Used interactively or in batch mode$ sqlplus hr/hr

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:37:21 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> select last_name from employees;LAST_NAME-------------------------AbelAndeAtkinson


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Calling SQL*Plus from a Shell Script

$ ./batch_sqlplus.shSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:47:44 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL>COUNT(*)

----------107

SQL>107 rows updated.

SQL>Commit complete.SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options[oracle@EDRSR9P1 oracle]$

# Name of this file: batch_sqlplus.sh# Count employees and give raise.sqlplus hr/hr


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Calling a SQL Script from SQL*Plus

$ sqlplus hr/hr @script.sql

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jul 25 12:57:02 2005Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsDEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID

------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------60 IT 103 1400

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options$

select * from departments where location_id = 1400;quit

script.sql

Output


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Data Dictionary: Overview

SELECT * FROM dictionary;

Components

Starting DB

Stopping DB

Init Params

MemoryAlert Log

SQL*Plus

> DictionaryTables

Indexes

Views

UsersSchemas

Procedures

and so on


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Data Dictionary Views

ALL_

views

DBA_

views

N/A

Subset

of

Usually same as ALL_

except for missing OWNER

column. Some views have

abbreviated names as

PUBLIC synonyms.

Everything

that the user

owns

EveryoneUSER_

Includes users own objectsEverything

that the user

has privileges

to see

EveryoneALL_

May have additional

columns meant for DBA

use only

EverythingDBADBA_

NotesContentsWho Can

Query


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Data Dictionary: Usage Examples

SELECT USERNAME, ACCOUNT_STATUS FROM

dba_users WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS = 'OPEN';

SELECT table_name, tablespace_name FROMuser_tables;

SELECT sequence_name, min_value, max_value,increment_by FROM all_sequences WHEREsequence_owner IN ('MDSYS','XDB');

a

b

c

DESCRIBE dba_indexes;d


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Dynamic Performance Views

Dynamic performance viewsprovide access to

information about changing

states and conditions in the

database.

Session data

Wait events

Memory allocations

Running SQL

UNDO usage

Open cursors

Redo log usage

And so on

Oracle instance


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Dynamic Performance Views:

Usage Examples

SQL> SELECT sql_text, executions FROM v$sqlWHERE cpu_time > 200000;

SQL> SELECT * FROM v$session WHERE machine ='EDRSR9P1' and logon_time > SYSDATE - 1;

SQL> SELECT sid, ctime FROM v$lock WHEREblock > 0;

a

b

c


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Dynamic Performance Views:

Considerations

These views are owned by SYS.

Different views are available at different times:

The instance has been started.

The database is mounted.

The database is open.

You can queryV$FIXED_TABLE to see all the viewnames.

These views are often referred to as v-dollarviews.

Read consistency is not guaranteed on these

views because the data is dynamic.


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Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

Start and stop the Oracle database, listener, and

Database Control

Use Enterprise Manager and describe its high-level functionality

Understand the stages of database startup

Modify database initialization parameters

Configure automatic memory management of the

Shared Global Area (SGA)

Access a database with SQL*Plus and iSQL*Plus

Access the static data dictionary

Access dynamic performance views


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Practice Overview:

Managing the Oracle Instance

This practice covers the following topics:

Navigating in Enterprise Manager

Stopping and starting the Oracle listener

Viewing and modifying initialization parameters Stopping and starting the database instance

Viewing the alert log

Connecting to the database by using SQL*Plus

andiSQL*Plus

Using the data dictionary

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Less04 Instance Tb