HOCH Lesson 3

Egyptian nouns are either masculine or feminine.Egyptian nouns are either singular, plural, or dual. This is shown by the endings in the table below.19#1 nouns singular, plural, or dual. (Declension of Nouns)

sAwsAwyHim(w)tHimtyit(w)ymw(w)tmwtypluralsingulardualitw19#2 nouns

sonsAwomanHimtfatheritmothermwt

pluralsingulardual19#3 nouns

sn brothersntsisternTrgodnTrtgoddess

20. Adjectives that describe the noun. (modifiers) dual forms are not common, according to HochIn Egyptian the order is always noun+adjectiveThe adjective agrees with the gender and number of the noun.Good boatdpt nfrtGood boatsDp(w)t nfr(w)tGood housepr nfrGood housespr(w) nfrw

21. Adjectives used as nounsThe adjective can stand on its own as a nounnDs poor (man)nfrt beautiful womannfrt pretty cownfrt a good thing

22. Relations Between Nouns #1a)Two nouns placed next to each other.The owner comes first, then the thing owned. Bound Constructionnb pr the owner (lord) of the housem-r pr the overseer of the estatenb Ddw lord of Djedunb AbDw lord of Abydos

b) The Genitival Adjective #1 Two nouns can be linked by forms of n /\/\/\/\/\ to. eg. an offering for the Ka or the Ka of Ani.Strictly, the /\/\/\/\/\ should agree with the preceding noun and take the following form:By the time Middle Egyptian was no longer a spoken language all these forms had been reduced to just one,n.Letters not written but presumed present are in parentheses.

b) The Genitival Adjective #2examplesn(y)n(y)tn(yw)tn(y)w

23. The Suffix Pronouns #1They are pronouns stuck to the end of a noun, verb or preposition with a dotEgyptian contains a number of suffixes, and these are separated by a raised dot

JAMES P. ALLENYou only need to read this if you dont like the pronoun it

noun + suffix pronounSuffix Pronouns #2sxrw.his plansf.sstits place

dual noun + suffix pronounSuffix Pronouns #3sy suffix pronoun after a dual has an extra y ending inwy.sy her eyebrowsawy .fy his arms

preposition + suffix pronoun:Suffix Pronouns #4The preposition m in requires a reed leaf when suffixes are attached.ni to/for meHrs upon it femrsn towards them comimf in it masims in it fem

verb + Suffix pronounSuffix Pronouns #5 The scribe listens. is verb + noun and is thus:iw sDm sS He listens. is verb + pronoun and is thus:iw sDmf

Suffix Pronouns #6 One could write: fact, my daughter is in the house(particle/introductory word)+suffix pronouniw sAti m prorContinued...she is in the houseiws m pr

..SimilarlyAlert! Danger !With iwf/s as subject, the clause could be either a subordinate clause, or it could be a new main clause. One must judge by context.From Gardiner:

in the position/capacity of.24. M of Predicationiw sAi m sS my son is a scribeimn m Hmwi .., with Amun as my steering oar

The template for the verb+suffix pronounsDmf or sDmnf etc..

See 29. The Circumstantial sDmf Form 26. Tense in the Egyptian VerbThis comes later: 30. The Past Tense of the Circumstantial Form (Active Voice): sDmnf27. Derived Stems ~ not required25. An Introduction to the Suffix Conjugation.

28. Verb ClassesVerbs have ClassVerbs have FormStandard Theory (Polotsky) Egyptian verbal system

ClassesRoot Example Strong Verbs 2-consonant AB3-consonant ABCWeak Verbs Third weak ABi, ABw or AByFourth weak ABCi or ABCwDoubling verbsSecond geminating ABBIrregular verbs rdi/di and iw/ii

29. The Circumstantial sDm.f Form #1

Verb Forms29 circumstantial active sDm.f30 past circumst. Active sDm.n.f34 present circumst. passive35 past circumst. passive57 infinitive72 1st prospective active72 1st prospective passive84 Stative

29. The Circumstantial sDm.f Form #2It can also take a noun as a subject. Simular to English present tense, active.

29. The Circumstantial sDm.f Form #3Forget about the adverbial stuff. It won't hurt you, it just won't help you.

(Active Voice)30. The Past Tense of the Circumstantial Form sDm.n.f Simular to English past tense, active.

Remember slide 28. Verb Classes?ABAB.nABCABC.nABBAB.nSee Hoch Appendix 1

ClassesRoot Form sDm.fForm sDm.n.fStrong Verbs ABABCWeak Verbs ABi, ABw ABi, ABwAbi.n, Abw.nABCi or ABCw ABCi or ABCwABCi.n or ABCw.nDoubling verbsABB

31. Statements of Fact: iw sDm.f, iw sDm.n.f, For now a typical main clause construction consists of :Introductory particle or noun+ circumstantial sDm.f (sdm.n.f) +the rest mk sDm.f, mk sDm.n.f, noun + sDm.f, etc.. See Hoch Appendix 2

32. Circumstantial ClausesCircumstantial clauses usually describe the circumstances under which a main clause is true. because, since, for, when, as, while, wheneverCircumstantial clauses never occure before the main clause.

Lesson 3 Vocabulary overseer; superintendentimy-rEpithet

fatheritNoun (masculine)

great; large; grandaAAdjective (masculine)

donkeyaANoun (masculine)

divine barkwiANoun (masculine)

servant (female)bAktNoun (feminine)servant (male)bAkNoun (masculine)

badbinAdjective (masculine)

small; littlenDsAdjective (masculine)

to see; to look atmAAVerb Doubling

childXrdNoun (masculine)

joy; a state of joyrSwtnoun (collective)

to send (a person ...)hAbVerb Strong (Tri Consonantal)not a verb of motion

building projectkAtNoun (feminine)

The Two Lands (Upper and Lower Egypt)tAwyNoun, Dual (masculine)

the vizier(highest offical in Egypt)TAtyEpithet

DAiVerb (Third Weak)to ferry (someone) acrossnot a verb of motion;to cross (sky, river, etc.)

HnaPreposition

HOCH Lesson 3Exercise 3b

bAktBehold the daughter of the steward upon the donkey of the female servant.Q1mkmksAtn(y)timy-rHrHr aA n(y) bAktaAn(y)sAt n(y)t imy-rBeholddaughterstewardupondonkeyoffemale servantof

PVsioSOA

The man is joyful when he sees his beautiful daughter in his house.nfrtQ2iwsmrSwtmAA.fsAt.fpr.fmThe manjoyhe seeshis daughterbeautifulinhis housesiwinm rSwt mAAf sAt.f nfrt m prf

PVsioSOA

m wiA.f aAQ3Ra crosses the sky in his great bargeiwiwDA(i)DA(i)raraptptmwiA.f aAcrossesRaskyhis bargegreatin

PVsioSOA

The father sent his son to another place when he saw this evil man at the door of his house prfQ4iwhAbnbwkyiwit r ky bwmAAfspnbinrrn(y)it fathersenthis son toanotherplacehe sawmanthisevilatdoorofhishousehAbnsAf sAf r fmAAs pn binr r n(y) prf

PVsioSOA

Q5aAtThe Lord of the Two Lands is in joyupon this great building project.iwnb-tAwymrSwtHrkAttniwnb-tAwym rSwt Hr kAt tn aAtLord of Two Landsinjoyuponthis buildingprojectgreat

PVsioSOA

Q6mwt.fvizier is in joy when he sees the beautiful face his motheriwTAtymmAA.fHrn(y)iwTAtym rSwt.fHr nfrvizierinjoyhe seesfaceofhis mothermAArSwtnfrbeautifuln(y) mwt.f

PVsioSOA

Q7Hna.sBehold, the mother your servant m.kmwtn(y)tbAk.kmpr.sXrdw.sHna.sm.kmwtn(y)tbAk.kmpr.snDsXrdw.sin her small house with her childrenBeholdthe motherofyour servantinher househer childrenwith hernDssmall

PVsioSOA

Q8bAkt.iYou are as my female servantm bAkt.iiw.Tiw.TYou aremy female servant

PVsioSOA

Q9:Our Lord sent his servanttnto another town concerning this building projectiwhAb.nnb.nbAk.frktniwtHrkAtsentLord ourservant histoanothertownconcerningbuildingprojectthishAb.niwnb.nbAk.frktniwtHrkAttn

PVsioSOA

HOCH Lesson 3Exercise 3c

bAktQ1cmkmksAtn(y)timy-rHrHr aA n(y) bAktaAn(y)sAt n(y)t imy-rBeholddaughterstewardupondonkeyoffemale servantofprepositional phrase, adverbial commentHr = prepostionaA = noun object of Hr

PVsioSOA

nfrtQ2ciwsmrSwtmAA.fsAt.fpr.fmThe manjoyhe seeshis daughterbeautifulinhis housesiwinm rSwt mAAf sAt.f nfrt m prfcircumstantial present doubling sDmf formmAA= verb in adverbial modifier clause

PVsioSOA

m wiA.f aAQ3ciwiwDA(i)DA(i)raraptptmwiA.f aAcrossesRaskyhis bargegreatinfem. sing. noundirect object of Da(i)

PVsioSOA

prfQ4ciwhAbnbwkyiwit r ky bwmAAfspnbinrrn(y)it fathersenthis son toanotherplacehe sawmanthisevilatdoorofhishousehAbnsAf sAf r fmAAs pn binr r n(y) prfmasc. sing. noun + 3rd sing. masc. suffix pronounsA = the direct object of mAAf.f = fem. 3 sing. suffix pronoun, identifies the owner of sA

PVsioSOA

Q5caAtiwnb-tAwymrSwtHrkAttniwnb-tAwym rSwt Hr kAt tn aAtLord of Two Landsinjoyuponthis buildingprojectgreatmasc. sing. noun + masc. dual nounthe two nouns are in direct genitive relationshipThis is a noun phrase so nb tAwy is the complete subject, not just nb.

PVsioSOA

Q6cmwt.fiwTAtymmAA.fHrn(y)iwTAtym rSwt.fHr nfrvizierinjoyhe seesfaceofhis mothermAArSwtnfrbeautifuln(y) mwt.fnoun phrase, object of mAAfHr = masc. sing. nounnfr = masc. sing. adjective, describing Hrn mwt.f is an adjectival phrasen = indirect genitive linking Hr + mwtmwt = fem. sing. noun, object of n.f = masc. 3 sing. suffix pronoun identifying the "owner" of mwt

PVsioSOA

Q7cHna.sm.kmwtn(y)tbAk.kmpr.sXrdw.sHna.sm.kmwtn(y)tbAk.kmpr.snDsXrdw.sBeholdthe motherofyour servantinher househer childrenwith hernDssmallprepositional phrase, adverbial comment in verbless sentencem = prepositionpr = masc. sing. noun, object of m.s = fem. 3 sing. suffix pronoun, identifying the "owner" of pr

PVsioSOA

Q8cbAkt.im bAkt.iiw.Tiw.TYou aremy female servantmas (in the capacity of)prepositional phrase, m of acquired status, adverbial comment in verbless sentence?m = prepositionbAkt = fem. sing. noun, object of m.i = masc. 1 sing. suffix pronoun identifying the "owner" of bAkt

PVsioSOA

Q9ctniwhAb.nnb.nbAk.frktniwtHrkAtsentLord ourservant histoanothertownconcerningbuildingprojectthishAb.niwnb.nbAk.frktniwtHrkAttnstrong verb, past, active sDm.f circumstantial form,main verb in the sentencenb = masc. sing. noun, subject of hAb.n.n = common 1 plural suffix pronoun, identifies "owner" of nb

PVsioSOA

HOCH Lesson 3Exercise 3d

His fine boat is in the river.Q1diwdpt.fnfrtwitrwm

PVsioSOAfactboat.hisfine in river

PVsioSOA

The steward sees the daughter of the vizier in it.Q2dimy-r prim.ssAt n(y)t TAtymAAiw

PVSOAfactseesstewarddaughter of the vizierin it

PVSOA

The daughter spoke to her father (when)she saw the female servant upon his donkey.Q3diwDd.nsAtn it.smAA.sHr aA.fbAkt

PVsSOAfactspokedaughterto her fathersawshefemale servantupon his donkey

PVsSOA

This scribes hands are in the water,but his feet are on the ground.Q4diwawy n(y)wy sS pnrdwy.fm mwHr tA

PVsioSOAfacthands of scribe thisin waterfeet hisupon ground

PVsioSOA

The Lady of the Heavens sees the horizon as she is in her sacred bark.Q5dmAA.sAxtra nbiw.s m wiA.siwnbt pt

PVsSOAfactLady of the Heavenssees she horizon.seesshehorizonevery dayshe is in bark sacred her

PVsiSOA

We cross over when the scribe sends (word).Q6dDAi.nhAb sS n.n

PVsioSOAcrosswesend word scribe to us

PVsSOA

Your servant is in (a state of) joy on account of your words.Q7dm rSwtHrr.tniwbAk.k

PVSOAfactservant yourin joy upon words your

PVSOA

You are a father to this townQ8diw.kmit n(y) niwt tn

PVsSOAyou are in the capacity of father to town this

PVsSOA

He crosses over to this city, his daughter being with him.Q9dDAi.fr niwt ptHna.fsAt.f

PVsSOAcrossheto city this, daughter his with him

PVsSOA

Q10d The Lady of the Land is a mother to everyone.iwnbt tAmmwtn(y)ts nb

PVSOAfactLady Landis in the capacity of mother to/for everyone

PVSOA