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Computer Basics

Computer Systems

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Definition of a computer

 A computer is a device that 

y accepts input

y processes data

y stores data, and

y produces output.

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Input 

Input: information provided to thecomputer by a person, the environment, oranother computer.

Examples of Input  words and symbols

  numbers

  pictures

  audio signals from a microphone  signals from another computer

  temperature, speed, pressures, etc.from sensors

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Input Devices

Human Direct Input Devices

  Keyboard, mouse, writing tablets, joysticks.

Human Indirect Input Devices

  Scanners, digital cameras, audio digitizers.

 Automated Sensors

   Alarm switch sensors, weather information

sensors,infrared beams, sound levelsensors.

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Processing

- manipulation of data  Data are symbols that represent 

facts, objects, and ideas

  A computer program or

software is the series of instructions that tell a computerhow to carry out a processing task

Examples of Processing  arithmetic calculations

  sorting a list 

  modifying pictures

  drawing graphs

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Storage

Storage - thearea where datacan be left on a

permanent basiswhile it is not needed forprocessing

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Storage Types

Primary Storage - Direct Access tothe CPU

  RAM & ROM

Secondary Storage - Must BeLoaded into RAM

  Hard disks, Floppy disks, CD andDVD

Tertiary Storage - Slow BackupMedium

  Magnetic tape

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Output Devices

Output - the result produced by a computer

Output device displays, prints, or transmits theresults of processing

Examples of Output  images on a monitor

  printed documents

  sounds

  signals to device controllers

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Human-Oriented Output Devices

  Display screens, printers, sound/speechunits, LED /LCD readouts, etc.

 Automated Controls

  Automatic fire doors, elevator controls,

alarm horns, H V AC systems, answeringmachines, etc.

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Computer Categories

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Categories of Computers

Personal Computers

Handheld Computers

Workstations

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Categories of Computers

 Videogame Consoles

Mainframes  (often colloquially referred to

as Big Iron[1]) are computers

used mainly by largeorganizations for criticalapplications

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Mainframes

Ex. An IBMzSeries 800

90% of IBM'smainframes haveCICS transactionprocessingsoftware installed

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Categories of Computers

SupercomputersEx. The Cray-2,

the world'sfastest computerfrom 1985 to

1989

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SupercomputersAs of May

2008[update], the

IBM

Roadrunner ,

located at LosAlamos

 National

Laboratory, is

the fastest

supercomputer 

in the world.

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Categories of Computers

Servers

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Personal Computer Systems

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System Components

Display Device

(Monitor or LCD 

screen)

System Unit 

CD ROM drive

Floppy disk drive

Hard disk drive

Keyboard

Mouse

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Peripherals

 A peripheral device designatesequipment that might be added to acomputer system to enhance itsfunctionality

Examples:

  Printer

  Digital camera

  Scanner  Joystick

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 ASSIGNMENT #1

3 Brands/Models classified accdg. to thecategories

30 Computer Peripherals

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Task #1

Role play of the process flow of acomputer system

  Data

  Input device  CPU

  RAM

  STORAG

E device  Output device