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7/29/2019 Lesson.9: Managing Files
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Mahmmoud A. Mahdi
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To Control access, use:
NTFS file permissions
Encrypting File System EFS To provide redundancy:
Create a Distributed File System (DFS)
namespace
Use replication to copy files between servers
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Configure a file server.
Configure Distributed File System (DFS).
Configure shadow copy services Configure backup and restore.
Manage disk quotas.
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Lesson 1: Managing File Security
Lesson 2: Sharing Folders
Lesson 3: Backing Up and Restoring Files
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Lesson 1
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Determine which users can view or update
files
Default NTFS file permissions:Permission Users Administrator Others
User files Full Control Full Control Cant
R/WSystem files
%SystemRoot%
Read Full Control
Install App/Update
Program files
%ProgramFile%
Read
Run Prog
Full Control
Install App
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Administrator can assign users or groups any of
the following permissions:
List Folder
Contents
Users can browse a folder but not necessarily open files in it.
Read Users can View the contents of a folder and open files.
Read & Execute In addition to The Read, users can run applications
Write Users can create files in a folder but not necessarily readthem
Modify Users can read, edit, and delete files and folders.
Full Control Users can perform any action on the file or folder, including
creating/deleting it and modifying its permissions.
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To Protect a file/folders with NTFS, follow these steps:
1. OpenWindows Explorer.
2. Right-clickthe file or folder, chooseProperties.
3. Clickthe Security tab.
4. Clickthe Edit button.
5. If the user you want to configure access for does not appear in the Group
or User Names list, clickAdd. Typethe user name,clickOk.
6. Selectthe user you want to configure access for. selectthe check boxes for
the desired Permissions For User or Group name list.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 to configure access for additional users.
8. ClickOK twice.
Configure NTFS file permission form a command prompt Type icacls /? at a command prompt
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When taking the exam, expect questions
where a user is granted access to a file but
denied access through a group membership. Remember that although permission
assignment are cumulative
denied access overrides all others permissions.
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NTFS
Protected files and folders as long as windows is
running EFS
Protects files and folders by encrypting them on
the disk.
Windows control access to the decryption key
and provides its only to authorized users.
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To protect a file/folder with EFS, follow these steps:1. OpenWindows Explorer
2. Right-clickthe file or folder,clickProperties.
3. In the General tab, clickAdvanced.
4. Selectthe Encrypt Contents to Secure data check box.
5. ClickOk twice.
The first time you encrypt a file or a folder
Windows prompt you to back up you file encryptionkey.
Note: if the key is lost, the files are inaccessible
In Active Directory, use a data recovery agent (DRA) torecover files
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Backup the
encryption
certificate and
key
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To share an EFS-protected files with other users on
your local computer, follow these steps:
1. Openthe Properties dialog box for an encrypted file.
2. In the General tab, clickadvanced.
3. Clickthe Details button.
4. Clickthe Add button.
5. Selectthe user you want to grant access to, clickOk.
6. ClickOk three more times to close all open dialog boxes
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The User Access
Dialog-Box
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Within the Group Policy Management Editor
Right-Click[Computer configuration\Polices\ Windows Setting\
Security Setting\ Public Key Policies\ Encryption File System] node
ChooseProperties to open the Encryption file system properties
dialog box
Additionally; configuring the EFS-related Group Policy settings:
[Computer configuration\Polices \Administrative Templates\
Network\ Offline Files\ Encrypt the Offline files Cache] Enable to encrypt Offline files.
[Computer configuration\Polices \Administrative Templates\
Windows Components\ Search\ Allow Indexing of Encrypted Files]
Disable indexing of encrypted files improve security
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Defining EFS
properties
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Defining EFS properties:
File Encryption using Encryption File System (EFS)
If you select Dont Allow, uses will be unable to encrypt files with EFS
Encrypt The Content of the Users Documents Folder
Enable to automatic encrypt the users document folder.
Require A Smart Card for EFS
To prevent the use of the software certificates for EFS
Create Caching-Capable user key from Smart Card
To enable user to insert a Smart Card only the first time they access and encrypted file
during their session
Enable Pagefile Encryption
Note: encryption the page file can impact the performance.
Display Key Backup Notifications Where user key Is created or change
Allow EFS to Generate Self-Signed Certificate When A Certification
Authority Is Not Available
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To enable recovery of encrypted files, EFS supports DRAs
DRAs can decrypt the encrypted files
To configure an enterprise DRA, Follow these steps:
1. Configure an enterprise CA.
i.e. , you can install the Windows Server 2008 Active Directory Certificate Servicesserver role. The default settings work well.
2. Create a dedicated user account to act as the DRA.
the DRA has the ability to access any encrypted file-an almost unlimited power that
must be carefully controlled in most organizations. Log on using the DRA account.
3. Openthe GPO in the Group Policy Management Editor.
4. Right-click[Computer Configuration\Policies\Windows Settings\ Security
Settings\Public Key Policies\Encrypting File System]CreateData
Recovery Agent.
The Group Policy Management Editor creates a file recovery certificate for the DRA
account.
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Avoid giving one person too much power
Collusion: have two people type half the
accounts password
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Lesson 2
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1. In Server Manager, SelectRight-clickRoles. ChooseAdd Role.2. On the Before You Begin Page, clickNext.3. On the Server Roles Page, Selectthe File ServicesCheckbox. ClickNext.4. On the File Services page, clickNext.5. On the Select Role Services Page, Selectfrom the following roles:
File Server
Distributed File System
File Server Resources Manager
Services for Network File System
Windows Search Service
Windows Server 2003 File Services
6. Respondto any roles service wizard that appear.7. On the Confirmation page, clickInstall.8. On the Results page, clickClose. You can Access the File-Service tools using the Roles\File Services
node in the server manager.
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Disk quotas make it easy to monitor users
who consume more than a specified amount
of disk space You can Configure disk quotas Using:
1. The Quota Management Console
2. The DirQuota command-line tool
3. The Group Policy Settings
4. The Windows Explorer
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You can mange disk quotas Using:
1. The Quota Management Console
In Server Manager, You can access form [Roles\File Services\ Share And Storage Management\ File
Server Resource Manager\ Quota Management]
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The Quota Management snap-in supports the use of quota Templates
Creating Quota Templates:
100 MB Limit
Define hard quota of 100MB per user,
Send e-mail warnings to the user at 85%, 95%, Send e-mail to the user & administrator at 100%
200 MB Limit Report To User
Define hard quota of 200MB per user,
Send e-mail warnings to the user at 85%, 95%, Send e-mail to the user & administrator at 100%
200 MB Limit With 50 MG Extension
Send e-mail warnings to the user & administrator when quota reached 200MB
Then apply 250MB Extended
250 MB Extended Limit Limit the user to 250MB
Monitor 200 GB Volume Usage
Send e-mail warnings to the user at 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the 20GB soft quota
Monitor 500 MB Share
Send e-mail warnings to the user at 80%, 90%, 100%, 120M of the 500MB soft quota
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To Create your own quota templates:1. In the Quota Management Console, Right-Click
Quota Templates,chooseCreate Quota Template
2. In the Create Quota Template dialog box, selecttemplate you want to base your new template on,clickCopy
3. To Add threshold, edit a quota template or aquota, and then clickAdd.
Add Threshold dialog box has four tabs: E-mail Message Send e-mail notification
Event Log logs Events
CommandRuns a command or a script
Report Generate a reports
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To Creating A Quota, follow these steps:
1. Selectand right-clickthe Quotas node in Server Manager,chooseCreate Quota.
2. Clickthe Browse button to select a folder to apply the quota to,
clickOk.3. Optionally, selectAuto Apply Template And Create Quotas On
Existing And New Sub Folders. Selectingthis option applies atemplate to any new folders created within the parent folder youselect.
4. Selectthe Derive Properties From This Quota Template option, andthen selectthe quota template from the drop-down list. Otherwise,you can selectthe Define Custom Quota Properties optionclickthe Custom Properties button to define a quota not based on anexisting template.
5. ClickCreate.
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Use the DirQuota command to configure diskquotas at the command prompt or from a script.
For example, the following command applies the
standard 200MB Limit Reports To User template to theC:\ Shared folder: dirquota quota add/Path: c:\Shared /SourceTemplate:
200MB Limit Reports To User
To create a hard limit of 100MB, runthe following
command: dirquota quota add/Path: c:\Shared/Limit: 100MB/Type:
Hard
For complete usage information, typethe commandDirQuota/?.
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To configure disk quotas using WindowsExplorer:1. OpenWindows Explorer.
2. Right-clickthe disk you want to configure quotasfor,chooseProperties. You can not configure quotas for individual folders.
3. In the Quota tab, selectthe Enable QuotaManagement
4. Selectthe Limit Disk Space To option. Specifythelimit and warning levels.
Windows does not notify users if they exceed eitherthreshold.
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Enabling
Quota
Management
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5. To add an event for the warning or limit levels selectThe Log Event When A User Exceeds Their Quota LimitorTheir Warning Level.
Events are added to the System event log.
Event ID 36 indicates that a user reached the warning level,
Event ID 37 indicates a user reached the quota limit.
Use event triggers to send an e-mail or run a program whenthese events are added.
6. Optionally, selectthe Deny Disk Space To Users
Exceeding Quota Limitcheck box. If you choose this check box users will be unable to save or
update files when they exceed their quota limit.
Instead, create an event trigger that notifies IT when a userexceeds the quota limit so that IT can follow up with the user.
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7. ClickQuota Entries to view the current disk
usage.
In the Quota Entries window, double-clicka user to
configure a user-specific quota that differs from thedefault settings for the disk.
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8. ClickOK to close the Quota settings For user
name dialog box, closethe Quota Entries For
drive letterwindow,clickOK again to closethe
Local Disk Properties dialog box.
If prompted, clickOK to enable system quotas.
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To configure simple disk quotas using Group Policy settings: In the Group Policy Management Editor, selectthe Computer
Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates\System\DiskQuotas node to define these policy settings: Enable Disk Quotas
You must enable to use disk quotas
Enforce Disk Quotas Limit Equivalent to selecting the Deny Disk Space To Users Exceeding Quota Limit check box
when configuring local disk quotas .
Default Quota Limit And Warning Level defines the quota limit and warning levels
Log Event When Quota Limit Exceeded: Equivalent to selecting the Log Event When A User Exceeds Their Quota Limit check box in
Windows Explorer.
Log Event When Quota Warning Level Exceeded: Equivalent to selecting the Log Event When A User Exceeds Their Warning Level
Apply Policy To Removable Media: Defines whether quotas are applied to removable media. Typically, this policy should be
disabled.
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The simplest way to share a folder is to
Right-clickthe folder in Windows ExplorerchooseShare.
The File Sharing dialog box appears and allows you to
selectthe users who will have access to the folder.
ClickShare to create the Shared folder clickDone.
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You can select four permission levels:
Reader: read-only access. Equivalent to the Readshare permission.
Contributor: read and write access. Equivalent to the Changeshare permission.
Co-owner: enables the user to change file permissions,as well as granting full read and write access. Equivalent to the Full Controlshare permission.
Owner: assigned to the user who creates the share andallows changing file permissions and read and writefiles. Equivalent to the Full Controlshare permission.
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You can share folders, configure quotas, andspecify security by following steps:1. In Server Manager, Right-click[Roles\File
Services\Share And Storage Management]
chooseProvision Share.
2. On the Shared Folder Location page, ClicktheBrowse button to select the folder to share. ClickOK. ClickNext.
3. On the NTFS Permission page, selectYes, ChangeNTFS Permissions if necessary, ClickEditPermissions. Configure the NTFS permissions asnecessaryClickOK. ClickNext.
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4. On the Share Protocols page you can choosewhether toshare the folder usingWindows protocol or usinga UNIXprotocol.
Typically, SMB will suffice, even for UNIX clients.
SMB = Server Message Blook5. On the SMB Settings page, clickAdvanced if you want to
change the default settings for the number ofsimultaneous users permitted or Offline Files. ClickNext.
6. On the SMB Permissions page, selectthe permissionsyou want to assign. To define custom permissions, selectUsers And Groups Have
Custom Share Permissions,clickthe Permissions button.ClickNext.
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The SMB
Permissions
page
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7. On the Quota Policy page, selectthe Apply Quota checkbox if you want to define a quota. selecta quotatemplate. ClickNext.
8. On the File Screen Policy page, selectthe Apply File
Screen check box if you want to allow only specifictypes of files in the folder. selectthe file screen youwant to use. ClickNext.
9. On the DFS Namespace Publishing page, selectthePublish The SMB share to A DFS Namespace check box
if desired.
providethe DFS namespace information.ClickNext.
10. On the Review Settings And Create Share page, clickCreate.
11. ClickClose.
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Configuring file screening:
Using the [Roles\File Services\Share And
storage Management\File Server ResourceManager\File Screening Management] node of
Server Manager.
Using the FileScrn.exe command-line tool in
scripts or when running Windows Server 2008Server Core.
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To share folders from a script or a command prompt use the netshare command. To view existing shares, type:
net share
To create a share, use the following syntax: net share ShareName = Path[/GRANT: user,
[READ|CHANGE|FULL]][/CACHE:Manual|Documents|Programs|None]
For example, to share the C:\ Shared folder: net share Files=C:\Shared
To share the same folder with read access for everyone but disallowOffline Files, type:
net share Files=C:\Shared/GRANT: Everyone, Read/CACHE: None To remove a share, specifythe share name and the /DELETE
parameter: net share Files /DELETE
For complete usage information, type: net share/?
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To connect to shared folders across the networkUse:
The Universal Name Convention (UNC) Format:
\\\
The Network drive:
Maps a drive letter to a shared folder.
1. Form Windows Explorer, Clicking Map the Network Drive
button
2. Clicking the Tools menu choosing Map Network Drive
3. Using Net command at a command prompt
net use : \\\
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DFS (Distributed File System) provide a
single namespace that allows users to
connect to any shared folder in yourorganization
All shared folders can be accessible using a
single network drive letter
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You can install DFS : By adding the File Services server role using the Add Roles Wizard
By Add the role service later using Server Manager by right-click[Roles\File Services] and then choosing Add Role Services.
Whichever method you use, follow these Steps:
1. On the DFS Namespace page, choose whether to create a namespace.ClickNext.
2. Ifthe Namespace type page appears, choose whether to use a domain-based (Active Directory environments) or stand-alone namespace(workgroup environments). If all DFS server for the namespace arerunning Windows Server 2008,enable Window Server 2008 mode.ClickNext.
3. Ifthe Namespace Configuration page appears, clickAdd button to addfolders. You can also do this later using the DFS Managementsnap-in.clickNext.
If you dont create a DFS namespace or add folders, you can add themlater using the DFS Management console in Server Manager.
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To create a DFS Namespace, follow these steps:
1. In Server Manager, right-clickRoles\File Services\DFSManagement\Namespaceschoose New Namespace.
2. On the Namespace Server page, type the name of the server that
will host the namespace for redundancy. Users do not referencethe server name when accessing the DFS namespace.ClickNext.
3. On the Namespace Name And Settings page, type a name. Thisname acts as the share name when users access the DFSnamespaceClickthe Edit Settings button to configure thepermission for the namespace.Clicknext.
4. On the Namespace Type page, choose whether to create a domain-based namespace or a stand-alone namespace.ClickNext.
5. On the Review Settings And Create Namespace page, clickCreate.
6. Onthe Confirmation page, clickClose.
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You can adjust DFS setting by: Right-clickingitchooseProperties
The Properties dialog box has three tabs:
1. General Allow you to type a description for namespace
2. Referrals: the DC Send referral list to Client Client always attempts to access the first target in a referral list are orders
Select Random Order to distribute referral evenly among all targets
Select Lowest Costto direct client to the closest target computer first using link cost
Select Exclude Targets Outside of the clients sites if you would accessing a targetin Active Directory Site
The Cache Duration setting define how long client wait before requesting a new referral
3. Advanced: Choose form two pooling configurations: Optimize for Consistency configure namespace servers to query the primarydomain controller each time the namespace changes, which reduces the time it takesfor changes to the namespace available to visible users
Optimize for Scalability reduces the number of queries by querying the closestdomain controller at regular intervals.
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To add folders to a DFS namespace, followthese steps:1. In Server Manager, select[Roles\File
Services\Share And Storage Management].2. In the details pane, right-clickthe share you want toconfigure,choose Properties.
3. Typethe name for the folder, if you want the folder to contain files, clickAdd button to
associate it with a shared folder, If you add multiple folder target, you can configure
automatic replication between folders
4. ClickOK
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Use the DFSUtil tool to configure DFS form acommand prompt or script To view the DFS roots in a domain, run
dfsutil domain
To view the roots on a specific server, run dfsutil server
To view the targets in a namespace, run dfsutil target \\\
To view the targets for a folders, run dfsutil link \\\\
To view which Active Directory site a client participatein, run dfsutil client siteinfo
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To Configure Offline caching behavior for a shared folder,follow these steps:1. In Server Manager, select[Roles\File Services\Share And Storage
Management].
2. In the details pane, right-clickthe share you want to configure,
choose Properties.3. Inthe Sharing tab, clickAdvanced.
4. Inthe Advanced dialog box, clickthe Caching tab.
Selectone of the following three options,clickOK twice.1. Only The Files And Programs That Users Specify Are Available
Offline. Works well when users understand how to use offline files
2. All Files And Programs That Users Open From The Share AreAutomatically Available Offline.
Works well when users dont understand how to use offline files
3. No Files Or Programs From The Share Are Available Offline. The best choice for confidential docs should be stored on the mobile computers
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Configuring Offline
Files behavior for a
shared folder
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if you choose the first option, users must
configure mapped drives for use with Offline
Files.
In Windows Vista, configure a mapped drive
for Offline Files by following these steps:
1. In Windows Explorer,right-clickthe network folder,
choose Properties.
2. On the Offline Files tab, selectthe always Available
Offline check box.clickOK.
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Using Offline Files in Windows Vista:
In Windows Vista, you can right-clicka network
file or folder and then select Always Available
Offline.
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Lesson 3
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Allow backup software to access files that
are in use
Volume Shadow Copy creates a shadowcopy of the files in its current state and then
given the backup process the access to the
shadow copy.
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You can manage shadow copies using the WindowsExplorer interface. Follow these steps:1. In Windows Explorer, right-clicka volume,choose
Configure Shadow Copies.
2. In the Select A Volume list, selectthe volume you want toconfigure. Then, do any of the following:
3. ClickEnable,clickYes to enable shadow copies on thevolume. Similarly, you can clickDisableclickYes to turnshadow copies back off.
4. ClickSettings to define where shadow copies are stored,how much space they will consume, and how often theywill be created.
5. ClickCreate Now to immediately create a shadow copy.
6. ClickOK.
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You can manage shadow copies from the commandprompt using the VSSAdmin tool. To create a shadow copy of the C:\ volume, run the following
command with administrative privileges:
vssadmin create shadow /For=c: To view available shadow copies and the time they were
created, run the following command: vssadmin list shadows
if a shadow copy ID is ={56036723-cdcc-49ef-445bl645770e}you could revert to the shadow copy using the followingcommand: vssadmin revert shadow /Shadow={56036723-cdcc-49ef-
445bl645770e}
For complete usage information type VSSAdmin/?
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Windows server backup copies an entire
disk volume on a .vhd file on a second local
disk. After performing you can restore individual
files or an entire volume
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To install the Windows Server Backup Features,follow these steps:1. In Server Manager, right-clickFeatures,choose Add
Features.
2. On the Features page, expand Windows Server BackupFeatures.selecteither the Windows Server Backupcheck box(for graphical tools)or the Command-LineTools check box(to script backups), or both checkboxes.
If you are prompted to install additional features to supportthe Command-Line Tools, click Add Required Features.clickNext.
3. On the Confirmation page, clickInstall.
4. On the Results page, clickClose.
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To manually perform a backup, follow these steps:1. ClickStart, choose Administrative Toolschoose
Windows Server Backup.clickContinue in the UACdialog box.
2. In the Actions pane, clickBackup Once.3. On the Backup Options page, choose whether to use the
same or new optionsclickNext. If you choose to use the same options, you will skip to step 9.
4. On the Server Backup Configuration page, choose
whether to backup the full server or select Custom toselect specific volumes. If you are backing up to a localdisk, you should select Custom so that you can excludethe backup volume from the backup.clickNext.
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5. Ifthe Select Backup Items page appears, selectthe checkboxes for the volumes you want to back up, clickNext.
6. On the Specify Destination page, choose whether to back uplocally or to a shared folder on the network. ClickNext.
7. On the Select Backup Destination page, choose where tosave the backup file. ClickNext.
8. On the Specify Advanced Option page, leave the defaultsetting of VSS Copy Full Backup selected to protect VSS logfiles that might be used by other backup applications. If youdo not use another backup application, selectVSS Full
Backup. ClickNext.9. On the Confirmation page, clickBackup.
10. On the Backup Progress page, you can watch the backupprogress or clickClose to allow the backup to continue inthe background.
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Scheduling backups requires a dedicated local disk To schedule a backup to run automatically, follow these
steps:1. ClickStart, choose Administrative Tools,choose Windows
Server Backup.2. In the Action pane, clickBackup Schedule.
3. On the Getting Started page, clickNext.
4. On the select Backup Configuration page, choose whether toback up the full server or select Custom to select specificvolumes. If you are backing up to a local disk, you shouldselectCustom so that you can exclude the backup volumefrom the backup.
5. Ifthe Select Backup Items pageappears, selectthe checkboxes for the volumes you want to back up, clickNext.
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6. On the Specify Backup Time page, selectthe timeand frequency of your backups. ClickNext.
7. On the Select Destination Diskpage, choose where
to save the back up file. This disk will bereformatted , and all data will be lost. ClickNext.
8. ClickYes when prompted.
9. On the Label Destination Diskpage, clickNext.
10. On the Confirmation page, clickNext.11. On the Summary page, the Backup Schedule
Wizard formats the backup destination disk. ClickClose.
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To initiate a backup of the C drive to L drive,
you would run the following command
prompt from an elevated command prompt: wbadmin start backup backupTarget:L: -include:C:
-quiet
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The output resembles the following:
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To perform a backup of the system state,
type
wbadmin with the start systemstaterecoveryparameters.
To schedule a backup, type
wbadmin with the Enable backup parameters.
For complete usage information, type wbadmin/?
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1. What command should you run to
configure shadow copies?
2. What command should you run to initiate a
backup?
Quick Check Answer:
1. You should run vssadmin.
2. You should run wbadmin.
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You can restore individual files from a
backup or a recent shadow copy by
following these steps:
1. In Windows Explorer, right-clicka file you want
to restore,choose Restore Previous Versions.
2. Selectthe version you want to restore,click
Restore.
3. When prompted, clickRestore.
4. ClickOK twice.
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To recover a server from a backup, follow these steps:
1. ClickStart, choose Administrative Tools,choose Windows Server Backup.
2. In the Action pane, clickRecover.
3. On the Getting Started page, selectthe server to recover,clickNext.
4. On the Select Backup Date page, choose the backup from which to recover.clickNext.
5. On the Select Recovery Type page, choose one of the following three
options,clickNext:
1. Files And Folders: browse files that have been backed up and select specific files,
folders, or both to be recovered.
2. Applications: applications can register with Windows Server Backup to storeapplication-specific data.
3. volumes: allows you to restore an entire volume. However, you cannot use this to
restore the operating system volume.
To do that, follow the steps of Recovering from a Backup When Windows Will Not Start
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Selectingfiles to
Recover
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6. Ifthe Select Items To Recover page appears,browse the backup to select a folder or files torecover,clickNext, clickOK.
7. Ifthe Specify Recovery Options page appears,choose the backup destination and whetherexisting files will be overwritten. ClickNext.
8. Ifthe Select Volumes page appears, selectthe
volume check box,clickNext.9. On the Confirmation page, clickRecover.
10. On the Recovery Progress page, clickClose.
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Selecting
recovery
options
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you can start the computer from the WindowsServer 2008 DVD and use the WindowsComplete PC Restore Wizard to recover the
operating system. Follow these steps:1. Insertthe Windows Server 2008 media and restart
the computer.
2. When the Press Any Key To Boot From The CD
prompt appears, press a key. After a brief delay, the Install Windows Wizard appears.
3. On the language selection page, clickNext.
4. ClickRepair Your Computer.
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Choosing to repair your computer from theWindows Server 2008 DVD
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5. On the System Recovery Options dialog box, selectthe operating system instance,clickNext.
6. ClickWindows Complete PC Restore.
7. On the Restore Your Entire Computer From ADifferent Backup if you need to restore an olderbackup , clickNext.
8. On the Choose How To Restore The Backup page,clickNext.
9. On the final page, clickFinish.
10. In the dialog box, selectthe I Confirm check box,clickOK.
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