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Let’s review…
1. What are the 2 types of Epithelial tissues?
2. What are the 2 types of Glands?
3. Describe the 4 shapes of cells—
4. What is the difference between “simple” and “stratified”?
5. What’s a “germ layer” ?
6. Define “distended”.
7. What are “goblet cells”?
8. What is “pseudostratified” columnar epithelium?
The cells of connective tissue are far apart, separated by an abundant amount of extracellular material called …
cellcell
capillary
Basement membrane
matrix
fiberfiber
cell
Functions of connective tissue
1. Binding, supporting, packaging – holds other tissues in place2. Protection, defense, & repair – scar tissue, inflammation3. Insulation – fat cells or Adipose tissue4. Transportation - blood
Classification of Connective Tissues
Connective tissues are identified on the basis of three criteria:
1. Cell types
2. Kind, density, and arrangement of fibers
3. Amount & nature of the amorphous ground
substance
The CELLS found in connective tissues can be placed in 2 categories:
a. those that secrete the matrix or maintain it – cell type ends in –blast, –cyte, or -clast;
b. accessory cells which are supported by the connective tissue – fat-storing cells, white blood cells, and other cells that are involved in body defense and the elimination of dying/dead tissue cells;
The GROUND SUBSTANCE is the amorphous substance that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. It is composed of interstitial fluid (liquid between cells), proteins, and polysaccharides – the more polysaccharides the stiffer the ground substance.
FIBERS in the matrix provide strength. Three types of fibers are found in the connective tissue matrix:
1. Collagen fibers – white, very tough, high tensile strength
2. Elastic fibers – yellow, found where elasticity is needed like lungs and blood vessels
3. Reticular fibers – fine collagenous fibers, delicate branching network supporting soft organs like liver & spleen
BLOODInvolved in defense – fight infection and make antibodies; transportation of materials;
Erythrocyte – red cell
Leukocyte – white cell
Thrombocyte – platelet
Plasma – watery matrix
CARTILAGE
ChondrocytesHYALINE cartilage in growth plates, ends of long bones, rings of trachea, and fetal skeleton
ELASTIC cartilage in outer ear
FIBROCARTILAGE pads between vertebrae and knee cartilage
CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
AREOLAR – mucous membranes, around blood vessels, nerves, and organs
ADIPOSE – fat around organs, under the skin, in yellow bone marrow
RETICULAR – liver, spleen, lymph nodes
DENSE REGULAR – tendons (connect muscle to bone)
and ligaments (connect bone to bone)
DENSE IRREGULAR – dermis