Level E

Unit 8

animosity

Connotation: negative

Etymology:

mid-15c., L. animositatem "boldness, vehemence," from animosus "bold, spirited," from animus “life, passion, courage, anger, spirit”

apathyConnotation: negative

Etymology:

(16c.), from Gk. apatheia "freedom from suffering, impassability," from a- "without" + pathos "emotion, feeling, suffering"

apprehensive

Connotation: negative

Etymology:

late 14c., "fitted for mental impression," from L. apprehendere "to take hold of, grasp," from ad- "to" + prehendere "to seize"

commendConnotation: positive

Etymology:

late 14c., from L. commendare "to entrust to, praise," from com- intens. prefix + mandare "to commit to one's charge"

compatible

Connotation: positive

Etymology:1459, from M.Fr. compatible, from M.L. compatibilis, from L.L. compati "to feel pity," from com- "together" + pati "to suffer"

condolence

Connotation: neutral

Etymology:

1580s, from L.L. condolere "to suffer together," from com- "with" + dolere "to grieve."

consecrateConnotation: positive

Etymology:

late 14c., from L. consecratus, pp. of consecrare "to make holy, devote," from com- "together" + sacrare "to make holy"

decrepitConnotation: negative

Etymology:

c.1450, from M.Fr. decrepit, from L. decrepitus, from de- "down" + crepare "to crack, break."

derideConnotation: negative

Etymology:

1520s, from M.Fr. derider, from L. deridere "to ridicule, laugh to scorn"

ingenuous

Connotation: positive

Etymology:

1598, from L. ingenuus "with the virtues of freeborn people, of noble character, frank," from in- "in" + gen- "beget, produce"

multifariousConnotation: neutral

Etymology:1590s, from L. multifarius "manifold," from multifariam "in many places or parts," perhaps originally "that which can be expressed in many ways," from multi- "many" + -fariam "parts," perhaps from fas "utterance, expression, manifestation," related to fari "to speak"

obsolete

Connotation: neutral

Etymology:

1570s, from L. obsoletus "grown old, worn out," pp. of obsolescere "fall into disuse," probably from ob "away" + solere "to be used to, be accustomed."

omnivorous

Connotation: neutral

Etymology:

1650s, from L. omnivorus "all-devouring," from omni "all" + vorare "devour, swallow"

parsimoniousConnotation: negative

Etymology:

early 15c., from L. parsimonia "sparingness, frugality," from parcere "to spare, save" + -monia, suffix signifying action or condition.

quandary

Connotation: neutral

Etymology:

1579, "state of perplexity," of unknown origin, perhaps a quasi-Latinism based on L. quando "when."

recalcitrant

Connotation: negative

Etymology:(17c.-18c.), pp. of recalcitrare "to kick back," from re- "back" + L. calcitrare "to kick," from calx "heel."

reprisal

Connotation: neutral

Etymology:

from early It. ripresaglia, from ripreso, pp. of riprendere "take back"

revelConnotation: positive

Etymology:

c.1300, "riotous merry-making," from O.Fr. revel, from reveler "be disorderly, make merry," from L. rebellare "to rebel"

stultifyConnotation: negative

Etymology:1766, "allege to be of unsound mind" (legal term), from L.L. stultificare "turn into foolishness," from L. stultus "foolish" + root of facere "to make"

suaveConnotation: positive

Etymology:c.1501, "gracious, kindly," from M.Fr. suave, from L. suavis "agreeable"