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Levels
of
eco
logic
al org
an
izati
on
Human Activity that changes Abiotic and
Biotic Factors
Cold Snowy Weather
Unit 3: Ecology
What is Ecology?
The scientific study of the interactions among organisms and between their environments.
Where do we fit in?What is our environment?
The Biosphere
What is the organization of
Ecological Study?IndividualPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiomeBiosphere
Levels of Organization
Individual- one organism (living)
Ex a moose
Levels of Organization
Population- groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. (living-living same species)
Ex many moose
Levels of Organization
Community- groups of different populations (more than one population or different groups of species)
Ex many groups of moose beavers, trees, grass (all living)
Levels of Organization
Ecosystem- all organisms in a particular area along with the nonliving. (living and nonliving)
Ex many groups of moose beavers, trees, grass, rocks, water, mountains
Levels of Organization
Biome- group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities
Biomes: tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savannah, temperate grassland, desert, temperate woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest (taiga), tundra, mountains and ice caps
Levels of Organization
Biosphere- all of the planet where life exists, includes land, water, and, air
Life extends 8 km up and 11 km below the surface
Factors that affect an ecosystem
Biotic – Living or once livingAbiotic – Never living
Biotic FactorsLiving factors of an ecosystem
All plant and animal lifeIncludes even microscopic organisms
Abiotic factorsAny non-living factor of an ecosystem
List the abiotic and biotic factors found in:Ecosystem: School
Ecosystem: pond
Please provide your own example Ecosystem: Biotic Factors: Abiotic Factors:
Is it biotic or abiotic?Birth rate?Predator / prey relationship?Soil?Decomposing matter?Temperature?Wind?Disease?
List 3 biotic things and 3 biotic things
-- ecological pyramid drawing-pick one organism to begin
Your pyramid must include :Label all 6 levelsInclude a drawing for each levelAnd a brief description of each picture/levelDUE TOMORROW
Carrying CapacityThe size of the population that an environment can support with its resources
• This is created by the interaction of many different factors, both biotic & abiotic
Carrying Capacity Graph
This is the generic carrying capacity graph
Each peak represents too manyEach trough represents lower than supported
Inquiry ActivityUse the smartboard activity to figure out how carrying capacity is determined
Limiting FactorsAny condition that limits growth of a population
Can be biotic or abiotic
Surplus population is reduced by limiting factors
Habitat & NicheHabitat – where an organism lives in an ecosystemNiche – The role of an organism in its habitatThink of habitat like the address where an organisms lives and niche as the job that an organism does
Ecosystem Interactions
(Biotic)When organisms live and interact in a community
3 basic typesCompetition – organisms fight for limited suppliesPredation – one organism hunts and eats anotherSymbiosis – 2 organisms live closely together (usually one directly impacts the other)
CompetitionOrganisms fight for survival due to limited resources
Resource - anything used to keep an organism alive
Food, water, shelter, etc…
Competitive exclusion principle
No 2 species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
Interspecific competition
Competition between species2 or more species compete for the same limited resources
Food sourcesShelterWater source
Intraspecific Competition
Competition within a species2 or more members of a species competes for limited resources
FoodWaterShelterMates Social hierarchy
Critical thinking activity
Think, Pair, ShareDo humans engage in interspecific competition? How?
Do humans engage in intraspecific competition? How?
PredationPredator / Prey relationship
Predator – organism that hunts and eats another organismPrey – organism that is hunted and eaten by another organism
• How is the predator a limiting factor on the prey population?
• How is the prey population a limiting factor on the predator population?
Symbiosis3 main types
Mutualism – both species benefitCommensalism – one benefits, the other is unharmedParasitism – one benefits, the other is
harmed
MutualismLichens
Made of a mutualistic relationship between fungus and algaeFungus provides home and some nutrientsAlgae provides energy through photosynthesis
This patch is the lichen
CommensalismBluebird holes
Bluebirds use woodpecker holes made in trees after they are done looking for food in themBluebirds get a free homeWoodpeckers are neither helped nor hurt by the bluebirds using their old holes
ParasitismTapeworm
Tapeworms live in the intestine and absorb the nutrients instead of the hostThe parasite harms the host by stealing nutrients
Identify the relationship
Think, Pair, ShareIdentify the following relationships…
1)2)
3)