Lịch sử Chiến Tranh VN

8/14/2019 Lch s Chin Tranh VN

1/23

Chin TranhChin Tranhddi nhn quan ci nhn quan ca nga ngi Mi M

Chin tranh Vit Nam chm dt 20 nm qua, song n vn m nhChin tranh Vit Nam chm dt 20 nm qua, song n vn m nhngi M, nht l cc chnh tr gia, chin lc gia, cc nh s hc,ngi M, nht l cc chnh tr gia, chin lc gia, cc nh s hc,v gii truyn thng M. H nh nhng ngi m s voi.v gii truyn thng M. H nh nhng ngi m s voi.

K gi Larry Englemann, mt tin s s hc ca California StateK gi Larry Englemann, mt tin s s hc ca California State

University trong bi ta University trong bi ta Vietnam War Twenty Years After Vietnam War Twenty Years After vivit:t: Some American reporters refer to Vietnam as the onlySome American reporters refer to Vietnam as the only

war Americans lostwar Americans lostv ng ta bin hv ng ta bin h It is quite difficult to explain how a nation that withdrewIt is quite difficult to explain how a nation that withdrew

its military forces from south Vietnam in accordance with aits military forces from south Vietnam in accordance with a

peace agreement lost a war two years laterpeace agreement lost a war two years later.(.(Tht kh giiTht kh gii

thch th no m mt quc gia rt qun ra khi Nam Vit Nam theothch th no m mt quc gia rt qun ra khi Nam Vit Nam theomt hip c ho bnh li thua cuc chin 2 nm sau)mt hip c ho bnh li thua cuc chin 2 nm sau)

Ri ng ta kt lunRi ng ta kt lun::South Vietnam lost in 1975, not theSouth Vietnam lost in 1975, not theUnited States.United States.

hiu ai thua trong cuc chin Vit Nam, chng ta s tm hiu: a- hiu ai thua trong cuc chin Vit Nam, chng ta s tm hiu: a-Ti sao ngi M Ti sao ngi M n Vit Nam? b- Ngi M in Vit Nam? b- Ngi M iu khiu khin cucn cucchichin nh thn nh th no? V c- Cuc chino? V c- Cuc chin chn chm dt ra sao?m dt ra sao?


2/23

Ti sao ngi M n Vit Nam?Ti sao ngi M n Vit Nam?

Ngi M n Vit Nam vNgi M n Vit Nam v S bnh trngS bnh trngca ch ngha Cng Sn Trn Th Giica ch ngha Cng Sn Trn Th Gii..Sau Th Chin th hai, ch ngha Cng Sn Sau Th Chin th hai, ch ngha Cng Sn

bnh trng khpbnh trng khpngng u vu v ng . Do ng . Do mt tuyn phng th ca Th Gii T Do mt tuyn phng th ca Th Gii T Do hnh thnh ngn chn. Vit nam tr thnhhnh thnh ngn chn. Vit nam tr thnhim nng vo lc im nng vo lc

A-A-TTi u Chu:i u Chu:Trong Th chin, S Vit chimTrong Th chin, S Vit chimng ngng ng uu The Soviets by 1948 had gainedThe Soviets by 1948 had gained

control of the free government of Poland,control of the free government of Poland,Rumania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, EasternRumania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, EasternGermanyGermany (Todd& Curti, p 707)(Todd& Curti, p 707) v e do cc nc Tyv e do cc nc Tyu. Nc M, bt u t Tng thng Truman, u. Nc M, bt u t Tng thng Truman, tho k hoch bo v Th Nh K v Hy Lptho k hoch bo v Th Nh K v Hy Lpchng cuc xm lng ca Cng Sn.chng cuc xm lng ca Cng Sn. KhiKhi


3/23

B- Ti chuB- Ti chu

Cng Sn chim Hoa Lc nm 1949. ChnhCng Sn chim Hoa Lc nm 1949. Chnhquyn Trung Hoa Quc gia phi chy ra iquyn Trung Hoa Quc gia phi chy ra iLoan.Loan.

Nm 1950, Bc Hn vi s tr gip ca Lin xNm 1950, Bc Hn vi s tr gip ca Lin x

v Trung cng xm lng Nam Hn.Tngv Trung cng xm lng Nam Hn.Tngthng Truman phi ra lnh cho tht Hmthng Truman phi ra lnh cho tht Hmi can thip; k l b binh trc tip chin u,i can thip; k l b binh trc tip chin u,xua qun Bc Hn ln tn sng p Lc.xua qun Bc Hn ln tn sng p Lc.

Ti Vit Nam, chin tranh Vit Php cng thayTi Vit Nam, chin tranh Vit Php cng thayi. Trung cng a mt s on pho binhi. Trung cng a mt s on pho binhgip Vit Minh thng trn in Bin Ph. Phpgip Vit Minh thng trn in Bin Ph. Phpphi k hip nh Genve rt qun khi Vitphi k hip nh Genve rt qun khi Vit

Nam, giao Min Bc cho Cng Sn, Min NamNam, giao Min Bc cho Cng Sn, Min Namcho chnh u n uc ia do uc trn Bocho chnh u n uc ia do uc trn Bo


4/23

1945-1960

Map of Cold War

Phng tuyn xanh bao vy khi cng

()


5/23

Ni Tnh Min Nam Vit NamNi Tnh Min Nam Vit Nam

Ti Min Nam Vit Nam, Quc Trng BoTi Min Nam Vit Nam, Quc Trng Boi mi ng Ng nh Dim, mt nh hoti mi ng Ng nh Dim, mt nh hotng chnh tr, ang du hc M v lm Thng chnh tr, ang du hc M v lm Th

Tng.Tng.Nm 1956, Th Tng Dim lt Bo iNm 1956, Th Tng Dim lt Bo i

qua mt cuc trng cu dn khng c iqua mt cuc trng cu dn khng c idin pha Bo i tham gia.din pha Bo i tham gia.

ng Ng nh Dim ln lm Tng thng, thitng Ng nh Dim ln lm Tng thng, thitlp nn nht Cng Ho. Do tnh hnh chalp nn nht Cng Ho. Do tnh hnh chan nh, Tng thng Ng nh Dim t chin nh, Tng thng Ng nh Dim t chi

cuc tng tuyn c thng nht t nc theocuc tng tuyn c thng nht t nc theo


6/23

Saigon 1956

Dinh c Lp

Quc Hi nhmhp

Tr S Quc Hi

Xe hoa din hnh quai l NguynHu


7/23

Chin Tranh Vit Nam BngChin Tranh Vit Nam BngNN

Do khng t c , nm 1959, cDo khng t c , nm 1959, cng snng snpht ng cuc chin. Lc u do cc cn bpht ng cuc chin. Lc u do cc cn bcng sn cn li ti Min Nam thc hin dicng sn cn li ti Min Nam thc hin didng chin tranh du kch. Sau , h thnh lpdng chin tranh du kch. Sau , h thnh lpMt Trn gii phng Min Nam, ng u lMt Trn gii phng Min Nam, ng u l

mt y vin B Chnh Tr Min Bcmt y vin B Chnh Tr Min BcChnh ph M phi vin tr kinh t v c vnChnh ph M phi vin tr kinh t v c vn

vo gip Vit Nam. Theo Tng thngvo gip Vit Nam. Theo Tng thngEisenhower: Eisenhower: All of Southeast Asia mightAll of Southeast Asia might

end up in Communist hands if one nationend up in Communist hands if one nationfellfell(Todd & Curti: 1982).(Todd & Curti: 1982).Vit cVit cng dng th on khng b, m st ccng dng th on khng b, m st cc

vin chc a phng v nhng ngi khngvin chc a phng v nhng ngi khngtheo h. Chnh quyn Min Nam phi t chctheo h. Chnh quyn Min Nam phi t chc

cc p chin lc ngn chn s xm nhpcc p chin lc ngn chn s xm nhp


8/23

Mu thun M VitMu thun M VitT thng 11 nm 1960 Tng thng Ng nhT thng 11 nm 1960 Tng thng Ng nhDim bt u chu nhng p lc ci t caDim bt u chu nhng p lc ci t ca

chnh ph Kenedy.chnh ph Kenedy. Kennedy pressuredKennedy pressuredDiem to make reforms but Diem failed toDiem to make reforms but Diem failed to

do so.do so. ((Todd & Curti, p.783)Todd & Curti, p.783)1-u tin, cuc o chnh bt thnh ca Lc1-u tin, cuc o chnh bt thnh ca Lc

lng D thng 11 nm 1960lng D thng 11 nm 1960

2- Th hai, cuc oanh tc dinh c lp ca hai phi2- Th hai, cuc oanh tc dinh c lp ca hai phicng Vit Nam Cng Ho nm 1962cng Vit Nam Cng Ho nm 19623-3- Cui cngCui cng, cuc o chnh ngy 1 thng 11, cuc o chnh ngy 1 thng 11

nm1963 do cc tng lnh Vit Nam thcnm1963 do cc tng lnh Vit Nam thc

hin. hin. Kennedy knew but made no effort toKennedy knew but made no effort to


9/23

Hu Qu ca Cuc oHu Qu ca Cuc oChnhChnh

Tng thng Ng nh Dim v bo b m st.Tng thng Ng nh Dim v bo b m st.H thng an ninh, nht l t chc p ChinH thng an ninh, nht l t chc p Chin

Lc b ph v.Lc b ph v.

Cn b cng sn tri giam Ph Li c thCn b cng sn tri giam Ph Li c thra. H nhanh chngra. H nhanh chngxm nhp v honh hnhxm nhp v honh hnhkhp ni.khp ni.

Chin tranh du kch gia tng thnh nhng trnChin tranh du kch gia tng thnh nhng trn

nh ln.nh ln.Chnh ph Min Nam b xo trn v thay i suChnh ph Min Nam b xo trn v thay i su

ln trong vng hai nm. Ngi dn hon tonln trong vng hai nm. Ngi dn hon ton

mt tin tng vo chnh quynmt tin tng vo chnh quyn


10/23

M trc tip iu khin cucM trc tip iu khin cucchinchin

Thng 4 nm 1964, vin c chin hm Maxdox b tuThng 4 nm 1964, vin c chin hm Maxdox b tuBc Vit khiu khch, Tng thng Johnson ra lnh oanhBc Vit khiu khch, Tng thng Johnson ra lnh oanhtc Bc Vit.tc Bc Vit.

Hnh ng ny c i a s lng vin Quc Hi MHnh ng ny c i a s lng vin Quc Hi Mng h. (H vin 100%, Thng vin 98%)ng h. (H vin 100%, Thng vin 98%)

Nm 1965, Tng thng Johnson ra lnh Thy qun LcNm 1965, Tng thng Johnson ra lnh Thy qun Lcchin b Nng, tham chin trc tip, khng cnchin b Nng, tham chin trc tip, khng cns ng thun ca chnh quyn Min Nam.s ng thun ca chnh quyn Min Nam.

Tng thng Johnson tuyn b: Tng thng Johnson tuyn b: I am not going to beI am not going to bethe president who saw Vietnam go the waythe president who saw Vietnam go the wayChina went.China went. (Todd & Curti, p.785)(Todd & Curti, p.785)

Cho n nm 1967, hn 500.000 qun M tham chinCho n nm 1967, hn 500.000 qun M tham chinti Vit Nam.ti Vit Nam.

Nm 1967, Vit Nam Cng Ho t chc bu c TngNm 1967, Vit Nam Cng Ho t chc bu c Tng

Thng, v gii chc qun s M tuyn b: Thng, v gii chc qun s M tuyn b: VictoryVictorywas in si ht.


11/23

Tng Thng Johnson thm qun iTng Thng Johnson thm qun iM Cam RanhM Cam Ranh


12/23

Cuc Tng Cng Kch nm MuCuc Tng Cng Kch nm MuThnThn u nm 1968, Mt Trn Gii Phng Min Nam tuyn b ngngu nm 1968, Mt Trn Gii Phng Min Nam tuyn b ngng

chin 7 ngy nhn dn n Ttchin 7 ngy nhn dn n Tt Vit Nam Cng Ho p ng ngay. Nhiu n v theo lnh ca BVit Nam Cng Ho p ng ngay. Nhiu n v theo lnh ca B

Tng Tham Mu, cho 50% qun nhn ngh php Tt on t viTng Tham Mu, cho 50% qun nhn ngh php Tt on t vigia nh.gia nh.

Bt ng, m Mng Mt Tt, Vit cng tn cng khp 43 tnhBt ng, m Mng Mt Tt, Vit cng tn cng khp 43 tnhthnh. H b nh bi khp ni trong vi ngy. Tn tht nhn mngthnh. H b nh bi khp ni trong vi ngy. Tn tht nhn mng

ca cng sn rt cao. a s cc b i t trn v b bt l nhngca cng sn rt cao. a s cc b i t trn v b bt l nhngthanh nin tr Min Bc mi xm nhp tip thu Min Namthanh nin tr Min Bc mi xm nhp tip thu Min Nam Ring ti Hu, h bm ly Thnh Ni nn QLVNCH khng dm phRing ti Hu, h bm ly Thnh Ni nn QLVNCH khng dm ph

hu di tich ny. Cuc chin din ra tng khu ph. Mt thng sau,hu di tich ny. Cuc chin din ra tng khu ph. Mt thng sau,h mi tho chy vh mi tho chy v 5700 people may have been assassinated in5700 people may have been assassinated inHue during the period of communists occupationHue during the period of communists occupation(Dougan&Weiss, p(Dougan&Weiss, p

35).35). Cng sn hon ton tht bi trong cuc Tng Cng Kch ny. HCng sn hon ton tht bi trong cuc Tng Cng Kch ny. Hkhng chim c mt v tr qun s no, m ch xm nhp vokhng chim c mt v tr qun s no, m ch xm nhp vocc khu dn c, gy bao nhiu tang tc.cc khu dn c, gy bao nhiu tang tc.

Ngi dn Min Nam cng t ra on hn Cng Sn v h la bp,Ngi dn Min Nam cng t ra on hn Cng Sn v h la bp,gy bao cht chc, tan nt vo nhng ngy thing ling ling nhtgy bao cht chc, tan nt vo nhng ngy thing ling ling nht

ca dn tcca dn tc Despite the loss of more than 75,000 men since the beginning ofDespite the loss of more than 75,000 men since the beginning of


13/23

Saigon chin u tng khuph

Sau mt trn giaotranh

Hu sau Tt Mu Thnh Qu ca Tng Cng

TT MU THN


14/23

CCng Sn Chin Thng Trn t Mng Sn Chin Thng Trn t M

Cuc tn cng Tt Mu Thn gy tranh ci trong qunCuc tn cng Tt Mu Thn gy tranh ci trong qunchng M. Nhiu ngi cho rng chin thng cn xa, vchng M. Nhiu ngi cho rng chin thng cn xa, vVit cng cn kh nng tn cng ngay c th caVit cng cn kh nng tn cng ngay c th caNam Vit Nam v to i s M ti Saigon.Nam Vit Nam v to i s M ti Saigon.

Mt phn cng lun M cm thy rng: Mt phn cng lun M cm thy rng: The conflict inThe conflict inVietnam was basically a civil war? And the UnitedVietnam was basically a civil war? And the UnitedStates should have no partStates should have no part(Todd & Curti p.786).(Todd & Curti p.786).

Di p lc ca cng lun, M bt u mi Cng snDi p lc ca cng lun, M bt u mi Cng snBc Vit vo bn Hi ngh Paris t thng 5 nm 1968Bc Vit vo bn Hi ngh Paris t thng 5 nm 1968

Tng thng Johnson quyt nh khng ra tranh cTng thng Johnson quyt nh khng ra tranh cnhim k k tip trnh b ch trch.nhim k k tip trnh b ch trch. Cng sn tht bi Vit Nam, song thng ti ncCng sn tht bi Vit Nam, song thng ti nc

MM K t , hai bn p dng chin thut va nh vaK t , hai bn p dng chin thut va nh va

mm


15/23

Ho Bnh Trong Danh D (?)Ho Bnh Trong Danh D (?)

u nm 1969, tn tng thng Nixon gi li ha trongu nm 1969, tn tng thng Nixon gi li ha trongchin dch bu c: chin dch bu c: bring an honorable end to the warbring an honorable end to the war(Todd & Curti, p 787).(Todd & Curti, p 787). ng ku gi rt ln qun M v nc. lng ku gi rt ln qun M v nc. lcon ng chm dt chin tranh ca M.con ng chm dt chin tranh ca M.

Vit cng bit th, nn tng cng lc lng v tip liuVit cng bit th, nn tng cng lc lng v tip liu

qua Lo v Cambodia. Lc lng Vit M phi vt quaqua Lo v Cambodia. Lc lng Vit M phi vt quabin gii Cambodia tiu dit cc trung tm tip liubin gii Cambodia tiu dit cc trung tm tip liuca cng sn.ca cng sn.

Cuc hnh qun ny gy ra nhng cuc biu tnh rngCuc hnh qun ny gy ra nhng cuc biu tnh rngln trn nc M nn phi tm ngng.ln trn nc M nn phi tm ngng.

Cng qun thit lp thm cc ng ng dn du theoCng qun thit lp thm cc ng ng dn du theong mn H Ch Minhng mn H Ch Minh

Nm 1972, chin xa v pho binh cng sn ln u tinNm 1972, chin xa v pho binh cng sn ln u tinxut hin tn cng chim Qung Tr, Kng Tum v Bnhxut hin tn cng chim Qung Tr, Kng Tum v Bnh

Long. H b y lui ti Kong Tum, Qung Tr. Cn BnhLong. H b y lui ti Kong Tum, Qung Tr. Cn BnhLon tr thnh th ca C n sn Min Nam trn bnLon tr thnh th ca Cn sn Min Nam trn bn


16/23

Tng thng Nixon iTng thng Nixon i Bc KinhBc Kinh cu hocu hoNixon promised eventual withdrawal of US military forces from TaiwanNixon promised eventual withdrawal of US military forces from Taiwanand Indochinaand Indochina((TodTod

& Curti:,p. *& Curti:,p. *

n Phi Trng Bc Kinhn Phi Trng Bc Kinh

Duyt qua Hng V BinhDuyt qua Hng V Binh

Nghe Hun TNghe Hun T Thm Vn L Trng ThnhThm Vn L Trng Thnh

n Bc Kinh

Duyt Hng V Binh

Bc Mao ch th

Thm Great Wall


17/23

KKt Qu Cuc Ving Thmt Qu Cuc Ving Thm

Hoa K on giao vi Trung Hoa DnHoa K on giao vi Trung Hoa DnQuc. i tn nc ny thnh i Loan.Quc. i tn nc ny thnh i Loan.Cc nc Ty Phng cng ha theo.Cc nc Ty Phng cng ha theo.

Phi on Trung Hoa b ui ra khi LinPhi on Trung Hoa b ui ra khi Lin

Hip Quc. Trung cng chim gh y banHip Quc. Trung cng chim gh y banthng trc Hi ng Bo an.thng trc Hi ng Bo an.Hoa K k hip nh Paris song phng viHoa K k hip nh Paris song phng vi

Bc Vit rt ht qun khi Vit Nam,Bc Vit rt ht qun khi Vit Nam,

qun Bc Vit vn c li Min Nam.qun Bc Vit vn c li Min Nam. Kissinger qua Vit Nam p Tng ThngKissinger qua Vit Nam p Tng ThngThiu k thi hnh ho c.Thiu k thi hnh ho c.


18/23

Kissinger n Dinh c LpKissinger n Dinh c Lp

Th ca Nixon dnTh ca Nixon dn It cannot be a shotgun marriageIt cannot be a shotgun marriage((Lipsman, pLipsman, p1616)) Only Bunker and Kissinger sat on one side, and Thieu and Nha onOnly Bunker and Kissinger sat on one side, and Thieu and Nha on

the other.the other. ThieuThieu choose to speak in Vietnamese. He prequentlychoose to speak in Vietnamese. He prequentlyburst into tearsburst into tears (bt khc).(bt khc). At the corresponding place in hisAt the corresponding place in histranslation,translation, NhaNha own tears would begin to flowown tears would begin to flow (ri l)(ri l). Thieu. Thieuexcused the United States of conniving with China and the Sovietexcused the United States of conniving with China and the Soviet

Union to sell out South Vietnam. He sketched a history of betrayalUnion to sell out South Vietnam. He sketched a history of betrayalon the part of the United States that stretched back to the earlieston the part of the United States that stretched back to the earliestdays of the Nixon administration. He completely rejected thedays of the Nixon administration. He completely rejected thetreaty and offered a total of 129 textual changes.treaty and offered a total of 129 textual changes.(Lipsman, p.16).(Lipsman, p.16).

iu kin tin quyt ca Tng thng Thiu l Bc Vit phi rtiu kin tin quyt ca Tng thng Thiu l Bc Vit phi rtqun.qun.

Trong khi US President was willing to conclude a separateTrong khi US President was willing to conclude a separatepeace with Hanoi ( Lipsman p.16).peace with Hanoi ( Lipsman p.16). Hu qu: the American government had provided $24 billion inHu qu: the American government had provided $24 billion in

aid to South Vietnam and spent 165 billion directly on the waraid to South Vietnam and spent 165 billion directly on the wareffort (Englemen, p. 1). However, in 1974, the South Vietnameffort (Englemen, p. 1). However, in 1974, the South Vietnamarmed forces were left only $450 million (Lipman, p177).armed forces were left only $450 million (Lipman, p177).

Qun lc Vit Nam Cng Ho hnh qun thiu nhin liu, thiu nQun lc Vit Nam Cng Ho hnh qun thiu nhin liu, thiu ndc nh b tri taydc nh b tri tay


19/23

Min Nam Sp Min Nam Sp Mc d Tng thng Nixon khi p Tng Thng Thiu k hip Mc d Tng thng Nixon khi p Tng Thng Thiu k hip nhnh

Paris haParis ha We will respond with full force should theWe will respond with full force should thesettlement be violated by North Vietnamsettlement be violated by North Vietnam.(The White House.(The White HouseLetter on Jan 5, 1973)Letter on Jan 5, 1973) Nhng khi cng sn chim Phc Long TheNhng khi cng sn chim Phc Long TheUnited States took no action. Tng thng Ford v Kissinger khngUnited States took no action. Tng thng Ford v Kissinger khnga th ny ra trc Quc Hia th ny ra trc Quc Hi..

Sau thm d Phc Long, Cng sn phi 6 s on di s ch huySau thm d Phc Long, Cng sn phi 6 s on di s ch huy

ca Vn Tin Dng, tng tham mu trng qun i Bc Vit, nhca Vn Tin Dng, tng tham mu trng qun i Bc Vit, nhchim Ba M Thut, mt tnh gn bin gii Cambodia.chim Ba M Thut, mt tnh gn bin gii Cambodia. Thy M khng c phn ng, Qun i Vit Nam Cng Ho li rtThy M khng c phn ng, Qun i Vit Nam Cng Ho li rt

b cao nguyn, Cng qun tin chim cc tnh min duyn hib cao nguyn, Cng qun tin chim cc tnh min duyn hiTrung phn.Trung phn.

Trc khi vo Saigon, cng sn chim Nam Vang. To i s M Trc khi vo Saigon, cng sn chim Nam Vang. To i s M y tho chy. Bit c ng li ca M, h tin v bao vyy tho chy. Bit c ng li ca M, h tin v bao vySaigon.Saigon.

Ngy 21/4/75 qun cng sn chim Xun Lc. Tng thng VitNgy 21/4/75 qun cng sn chim Xun Lc. Tng thng VitNam t chc. Ph Tng Thng Trn vn Hng ln thay, song cngNam t chc. Ph Tng Thng Trn vn Hng ln thay, song cngsn tuyn b ch thng thuyt vi Dng vn Minh.sn tuyn b ch thng thuyt vi Dng vn Minh.

Ngy 28 thng T, 1975, Dng vn Minh nhn chc Tng ThngNgy 28 thng T, 1975, Dng vn Minh nhn chc Tng Thng


20/23

Martin, G. Weyand, Kissinger, &Ford Hp Bn Tho Chy (Mar

75) Trn Nc To i S M Saigon

Nhn vin To i S v Gia Ho Bnh Trong Danh


21/23

Hng Khng Mu Hm Midwayn VN

n ch

Nhn Vin To i S M v ngi tnn

Thu Hi A 37 v F 5


22/23

Kt Qu Cuc ChinKt Qu Cuc Chin

Hng khng mu hm Midway mang trn gia ti cuc chin v M gm 100 F5, A 37, v UH 1 B; nhn vin to i S v gia nh + 100,000 ngi Vit tnn.

Trong khi h b ra 58, 000 lnh M t trn, 303,000 b thng, 165 tchin c, American Presidents and their advisers had promised it

would not end this way!!!(Engelmann, p1/c3, l33).


23/23

Tham khoTham kho Edward Doyle& Stephen Weiss:Edward Doyle& Stephen Weiss: Nineteen Sixty EightNineteen Sixty Eight

(Vietnam Experiences) Editors of Boston Publishing Co.(Vietnam Experiences) Editors of Boston Publishing Co. Engelmann, LEngelmann, L Vietnam War 20 Years AfterVietnam War 20 Years AfterUnknown Magazine (Apr-1995)Unknown Magazine (Apr-1995)

Lipsman, Samuel (1985).Lipsman, Samuel (1985).The False PeaceThe False Peace. (Vietnam. (VietnamExperience)Experience)

Boston Publishing Co.Boston Publishing Co. Todd, L.P.& Curti, M.Todd, L.P.& Curti, M. Rise of The American NationRise of The American Nation

Orlando, HBJ Publishers (1982)Orlando, HBJ Publishers (1982)http://http://www.fallofsaigon.orgwww.fallofsaigon.org//http://www.midwaysailor.com/midwayfreqwind/http://www.midwaysailor.com/midwayfreqwind/http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htmhttp://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htm

Dch t: VIETNAM WAR, ACCORDING TO THE AMERICANDch t: VIETNAM WAR, ACCORDING TO THE AMERICANVIEWPOINTSVIEWPOINTS

Tiep Nguyen Research, ESL 91, San Jose City College, 1998Tiep Nguyen Research, ESL 91, San Jose City College, 1998

Pps:Pps: Nguyen chinh TiepNguyen chinh Tiep
http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.midwaysailor.com/midwayfreqwind/http://www.midwaysailor.com/midwayfreqwind/http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htmhttp://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htmhttp://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htmhttp://www.midwaysailor.com/midwayfreqwind/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/http://www.fallofsaigon.org/

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Lịch sử Chiến Tranh VN