Life Cycle Assessment Renewable and Sustainable … PDFs...Life Cycle Assessment Renewable and Sustainable Citrus Oils ... Introduction Why do we need a Life Cycle Assessment ... Coca-Cola

Life Cycle Assessment

Renewable and Sustainable

Citrus Oils

Jon Leonard

Renewable Citrus Products Association

Florida Chemical Company

Introduction

Why do we need a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for

Citrus Oils?

Green movement – Establish Citrus Oils as Green

Scientific basis for Renewable and Sustainable

Combat the new wave of ever growing regulations

RCPA has a DRAFT copy of our LCA on Citrus Oils

Finalized version by end of 2010

We will discuss the LCA in a few minutes

1st let me address current market conditions and

impact of growing regulations

Current Market Conditions

Citrus Oil prices are …..

Global crop size has been trending downward

Ever-increasing regulations are eroding the market for Citrus Oils

The erosion has been masked by a decreasing crop size and other impact factors - economy, weather, etc.

Market Impact

Crop Size

Regulations

Market Erosion

Zone

Regulation

Surge

Regulation Surge

1962 - Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring

Everywhere we look we have regulations guiding what we can and can’t do

40,697 new laws in 2010 - USA

4 minutes/law = Entire work year to review

Plus global regulations

Regulations will continue… and the trend is clear as demonstrated by this graph

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By permission of John Warner

Regulations Surge

By permission of the Consumer Specialty Products Association

By permission of www.cartoonstock.com

Green Movement

The Green Movement is relentlessly moving

forward

California Green Chemistry Initiative

NSF Greener Chemicals and Processes Standard

ACS Green Chemistry Institute Roundtables

Our industry needs to be proactive as Green is

being defined

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry is a good

starting point

The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry

1. Prevention

2. Atom Economy

3. Less Hazardous

Chemical Synthesis

4. Designing Safer

Chemicals

5. Safer Solvents and

Auxiliaries

6. Design for Energy

Efficiency

7. Use of Renewable

Feedstocks

8. Reduce Derivatives

9. Catalysis

10. Design for Degradation

11. Real-time analysis for

Pollution Prevention

12. Inherently Safer

Chemistry for Accident

Prevention

Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice

by Paul Anastas and John Warner, 1998


7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks - A raw material or Feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting wherever technically and economically practical

Citrus Oils are a Renewable Feedstock

Citrus Oils are Green




10. Design for Degradation - Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they do not persist in the environment and break down into innocuous degradation products

Citrus oils were designed by nature

Citrus Oils are Green



Renewable

A natural resource is a renewable resource if it

is replaced by natural processes at a rate ≥

consumption

Incorporates Sustainable Agriculture

Economically viable, socially responsible

and ecologically sound

Use and depletion of finite resources is not

renewable

Citrus Oils are Renewable

Renewable Citrus Oils Come from Our

Environment

Without Mining or Drilling

Nature Makes Citrus Oils

with Three Ingredients

The first ingredient is…

The Other Two Ingredients

Water

Carbon Dioxide

Nature uses photosynthesis…makes isoprene or C5H8

Nature combines two isoprene molecules to make d-Limonene… a natural citrus hydrocarbon

d-Limonene is C10H16

CH3

H3C CH2

Albedo(white, spongy)

Flavedo(orange skin, rind)

Oil Glands

Citrus Essential Oil Location

“It is probably true that all green plants in nature

produce limonene through their biochemical metabolism.”

-Dr. Robert J. Braddock -1999

SustainableU.S. EPA

Business Sustainability- increase long-term shareholder

and social value, while decreasing industry’s use of

materials and reducing impacts on the environment

EPA aims to make sustainability the next level of

environmental protection…advances in science and

technology…policies to protect public health and welfare,

and promoting green business practices

EPA promotes the use of LCAs...better understanding of

the environmental impacts of products, processes and

activities on human health and the environment

LCA will demonstrate that Citrus Oils are Sustainable

RCPA Action Plan

The industry formed the Renewable Citrus Products Association or RCPA in 2008

Establish a presence in the regulatory community

Develop the renewable and sustainable profile for Citrus Oils – a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Promote citrus oils as biobased, renewable and sustainable with the media, public, NGOs and governmental agencies

Secure proper treatment of Citrus Oils with respect to governmental regulations

Conduct environmental, health and safety research on Citrus Oils based on sound science

The RCPA Today

Our third year, we have 23 members

Representing the

Juice Processors

Citrus Oil Processors

Flavor & Fragrance Industry

Specialty Chemical Companies

Citrus Oil Marketers

RCPA Officers

President Jon Leonard, Florida Chemical Company

Vice President Nick Emanuel, Citrosuco NA

Treasurer Chris Baker, Kerry Ingredients and Flavors

Secretary Dr. David McKeithan, Firmenich

Executive Committee Member Dr. Tim Anglea, Coca-Cola North America

Executive Committee Technical Advisor Dr. Robert Braddock, Professor Emeritus – University of Florida

RCPA Activities

The RCPA presented to the U.S. EPA Office of

Air Quality Planning and Standards in May of

2009

The RCPA monitors regulation activities by

U.S. EPA, California, OTC, Canada, etc.

The RCPA commissioned a Life Cycle

Assessment of Citrus Oils in 2010


The RCPA has commissioned Environmental

Resources Management (ERM) to conduct a

streamlined LCA of Citrus Oils

ERM is a leading global provider of

environmental, health and safety, risk, and

social consulting services, helping clients

understand and manage their impacts on the

world around them

The LCA will be consistent with PAS 2050

which is derived from the ISO 14040 standard


ERM will use the Building for Environmental

and Economic Sustainability (BEES) impact

assessment methodology to interpret the

results

BEES is used by the USDA for assessing

biobased products for the Federal BioPreferred

Program

BEES was also used recently for the United Soybean Council’s life cycle profile for soy

products released in February


The LCA uses the holistic model of cradle-to-cradle to

capture the unique advantages of bio-based citrus oils

Life Cycle Stages

Orange growing, cultivation and harvest

Raw materials production and transport

Production and transport of packaging materials

Juice and citrus oil extraction and processing

Transport of oils to folders

Citrus oil folding and processing (cradle-to-gate)

Commercial and consumer use (gate-to-cradle)

The LCA will benefit the entire industry


Data categories included in the study

Raw materials and packaging inputs

Chemical inputs

Energy inputs (electricity and fuels)

Other physical inputs, such as water

Emissions to air, water and soil

Products and by-products

Material outputs, including solid waste and wastewater

Transportation


The LCA calculates the carbon footprints for these important products of commerce

Orange Juice

Cold-Pressed Orange Oil

5 Fold Orange Oil

Orange Terpenes

Citrus Terpenes

Citrus-based Animal Feed

Citrus-based Molasses

The individual footprints of Citrus Oils are specifically compared to the footprints of fossil-based counterparts


Carbon footprints appear in a LCA as the first

impact category called the Global Warming

Potential (GWP)

GWP is typically expressed as:

kg CO2 equivalents per kg of product

The RCPA LCA uses 1000 kg of Citrus Oil as

the functional unit


Global Warming

Acidification

HH Cancer

HH Non-cancer

HH criteria air

pollutants

Eutrophication

Ecotoxicity

Smog

Natural resource

depletion

Habitat alteration

Water intake

Ozone depletion

The complete environmental impact requires the

examination of twelve impact categories (BEES):


Results indicate the carbon footprint or GWP

for citrus oils to be considerably less than ALL

fossil-based chemicals

The LCA scientifically demonstrates the

Renewability and Sustainability of Citrus Oils

“Can you think of product with a

lower GWP?”


Life Cycle Global Warming Potential (GWP) ResultsEcoinvent database and US LCI database from NREL

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

CO

2 e

q


The results in the chart show the difference in

global warming impact per 1000 kg of Citrus

Terpenes and the alternative material

The difference between producing and using

1,000 kg of d-Limonene vs. Acetone (VOC

exempt) amounts to GWP savings equivalent

to 14,850 miles driven in an average car

1.5 times the average mileage of a car in a year*

Equals ~ 3 round trips from Tampa to Los Angeles

*http://cta.ornl.gov/data/tedb29/Spreadsheets/Table8_02.xls

Ecoinvent database and US LCI database from NREL

Life Cycle AssessmentCATEGORY UNITS FOSSIL / CITRUS*

Global warming g CO2 eq

Acidification H+ moles eq

HH cancer g C6H6 eq

HH noncancer g C7H7 eq

HH criteria air pollutants microDALYs

Eutrophication g N eq

Ecotoxicity g 2,4-D eq

Smog g NOx eq

Natural resource depletion MJ surplus

Habitat alteration T&E count

Water intake liters

Ozone depletion g CFC-11 eq

0.8

< 0.1

12

10

(2450)

27

18

26

6

33

(3)

13

Fossil-based average vs. Citrus Oils RatioDraft*

Life Cycle AssessmentSummary

Overall the results indicate that Citrus Oils are

more environmentally benign and sustainable

when compared to fossil-based products

Among other biobased products Citrus Oils

also compare favorably

These conclusions are based on an overall

assessment of 12 environmental impact

categories


The LCA will be an important resource for companies

performing LCAs on their products made using citrus

The LCA will be used to promote Citrus Oils as

biobased, renewable, and sustainable

Develop a sustainability profile fact sheet designed

for Governmental and Public Relations

We have an opportunity to stop the replacement of

citrus oils with fossil-based chemicals

Carbon Footprints will continue to be relevant

Some fossil-based chemicals carry very large

carbon footprints

By permission of www.politicalcartoons.com

RCPA 2011Proposed Focus Areas

Aquatic Toxicity

Dermal Sensitivity

Make LCA known to Regulatory Agencies

EPA Proposed National VOC Regulation

EPA Design for the Environment (DfE)

USDA BioPreffered Program

California Air Resources Board (CARB)

Ozone Transport Commission (OTC)

International Regulatory Agencies

Dedication

RCPA Member, Colleague and Friend

Thank You

Jon Leonard

Renewable Citrus Products Association

Florida Chemical Company

Winter Haven, Florida

[email protected]

Documents

Life Cycle Assessment Renewable and Sustainable … PDFs...Life Cycle Assessment Renewable and Sustainable Citrus Oils ... Introduction Why do we need a Life Cycle Assessment ... Coca-Cola