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7/27/2019 Lighting Against Crime
1/17
1
lightingagainst crimea guide for crimereduction Professionals
7/27/2019 Lighting Against Crime
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contents
introductiongood lighting
How mucH ligHt
ExtErior DomEstic ligHting
commErcial ligHting
inDustrial ligHting
Public sPacEs
roaD ligHting
closED circuit tElEvision
variablE ligHting
light distriButionuniformity
isolux Diagram (lux Plans)
colour of lightcolour aPPEarancE
colour rEnDEring (ra)
light PollutionwHat is ligHt Pollution?
How to rEDucE ligHt Pollution
EnvironmEntal ZonEs
energY efficiencY
lamP tyPEs anD tHEir lumEnsPEr watt
glossarY
aPPendiX
4
6
20
22
24
26
27
30
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introduction
54
we ke ee e, d pke e e ee h e e e; de e h pp h p hhe epe de d pe ee pde he pppe hd hee e e, k d p.
th de e he, de, pe,pe e he ee de eh ee k h d eed kede he je de eh e dee e
deepe pepe e h. teedh pee he ee pe edee d he e e d de pe d h e e, he d ee pde hhe q he ee.
De ppe d heek pepe e he peee edpe d h de e ed eh d d e eee he h e h ke he p e.
Pee Kece Pee De ad
mep Pe
forewordth de pde he ede h ded e he e edhe d ee h e d heeeded ee ed e, he e e d eh.
epe he epee qed lhEee hep he ee pp e pped h e.
thh he de he e gd lh e ed ep he eqee hh
q h h eee, eed h pppe e e, d ee.
seed De seed De pee ee he d d dp e pee ee he de deepe ed he pp e d he e e, e e d eee ee. seed De ed he a che Pe oe d hhe pp he He oe ce red dc se gp d he Depe ce d l gee.
th gde ped d e Pee Ke,ce Pee De ad, mep Pe.
acPo seed De d ke kedeh e hk Jh be the ie lh Pe h pded he ehde h p d pped he ehh.
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gd h qe d he de he e.
a d h e e deed de pppe h ee h uve eee 0.25 d 0.40 p h e 60 he c rede ide.gd h e ee ee p e e. thee e e ped e h p pde hhq e he d hee eqed.
the de eped:
1. a apppe a lhwhee he ee pded pppe he k e deked e he ee d he e.
2. u (u)the ee d h he ee ed.
3. c redethe h h he je e he e , he d e pe.
4. c rede ide (cri)the ehd ed de he edeppee p h e cri0 cri 100 (hee cri 100 epee he ede qe d e dh)
5. lh Pwhee he h e e he de ed.
6. Ee Eethe h eqpe peed k ee e he ee ee ed.
the e pde de he dh pe h e d he ehded ee he ee e.
gd h ee h e pppe he e h he pe
p
good lighting
a d , ede d ee
ee p
a ee hee h pe ee e,
e d dee e
th epe h he pp pppe h
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eXterior domesticlightingd p
GOOD
Low wattage lamps
Dusk to dawn lighting
Vandal resistant luminaires
Appropriate lighting values
Twin level illuminance luminaires
Minimum 2.4m mounting height
BAD
High wattage lamps
Passive Infra Red detection (PIR)
Low mounting heights
Incorrect alignment of luminaires
Poor maintenance regime
the e bd c re d thece nehhd d Ee a 2005 e deed he de h e ede d he pe deepe dp he ee e e qed pped 1 h de. wh pp e dpje, he ppe pke he ee ee h pee ede.
wh pp e d, he ppee d he de h ede. Hee, he e d pp e e.. k d he e h pded e.
ue he e ee de hhe p e h hh ed Pe i red (Pir) dee de heh e pe d he eed , dee p e ee dheee he e 150 hd epped.
a h d de e he d h ed ee e (Pir). thee e e pe ed h h pe h:
the e e h eeed e pee d h ed he d.
the e hh h hh e e de e e eh.
the h pe h ehh, p deed, e hzd e d.
the ee he e e epeed ppe e.
the e ee ee d eqe e pepee.
f hee e he e epe seed De pped hee eep dde h, e e e.
f dd de, ee p de e ped e ehd hed ph ee e (dk dh) e eeded.
i de p ee hk he q h e e he h
e.
lp tpe w/sqmee
ielee (app)
te He
cp fee
Hh Pee sd
3
0.9
0.6
5-10 l
5-10 l
5-10 l
how much light
the h ee ee, he e d d he pe eee he, ppk, ee pee, de , dd ph e heed he eeee pe.
P de d pe e he e ee p h ed heee he qe e e ke de he ee pe e he
de.
D e eed h ?whe e d e e , eee pde h hee ee, h he h ee ph pe pe e, hee h ee he dee e he ph.
H h h? h ee, he he e deed h de de e, ededeepe p pe, e epe dee dd.
D h ee eed e djed?the he ee ed pdee hee hh ee h e eqed pe e. ode hee e, hee e h e ed, e pd hd e deed.
i de e h e e he e ppe h ee, e e d eed .
(l he eee h eh ehee 1 l he h e dee ee d e 1 qe ee)
aee ee e ls Je d 80000 lbd h pped p ld 1000 la e- e 500 lm d h 15 la ede de ee 5 la e h 0.2 l
a e he e e e pped, he h hd e ded he pppe h-e
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Hh e heed p hh
industrial lightingd p
GOOD
Use highest practical mounting height
Energy efficient lamps
Well designed luminaire
Good uniformity values (40%)
Accurate aiming of luminaire
Accurate design calculations
BAD
A low mounting height
Luminaire with poor photometric control
Passive Infra Red Detection (PIR)
Poor uniformity (dark areas) below 25%
Poor maintenance
Unprotected electrical cable
aee ee ie lie (e)EePe pkwkbk eld gee e egee pe e
commercial lightingd p
GOOD
Place luminaires as high up as possible
Energy efficient lamps
Well designed luminaire
Accurate design calculations
Accurately-aiming luminaires aiming of luminaire
Good uniformity of lighting (40%)
A named staff member made responsible for
arranging repairs and maintenance
BAD
Low mounting height
Luminaire with poor photometric control
Passive Infra Red detection (PIR)
ncorrect choice of lighting values
Unprotected electrical cable
Dark patches where uniformity values are below 25%
Poor or no maintenance
aee ee e ( l)oe e (e) 05 lPe pk 10 lEe r 10 lEe u 20 lwk 30 lld 50 l
the he e deped h :
Mounting height
a e he hhe p hehe ede he e eeqed ee h he e eee ee.
Area to be illuminated
Deee he e e e ed d, , pk he h ee d h dee e hede ee phe pee. i h h p d ep e peeed d he deed e e ed.
Type of lamp
reeded Dk D h ke ee e p hh h h eepe d ee ee.
Luminaire type
the e eeed e deeed he e e ppe he e eed. the e he h e e
e d he deed ehe ppee heh ee e he.
05 l10 l10 l30 l
100 l150 l500 l
1000 l
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PuBlic sPacesd p
the h p pe d e e pe ed d hh he p he e e he ep l ahe ped d epee he h ppe e he e.
GOOD
Adequate illuminance levels
Good uniformity
Low light pollution
Good aesthetic appearance
Regular maintenance
Vandal resistant equipment and materials
BAD
Incorrect choice of luminaire
Light pollution / trespass
Unprotected column positions
Poor maintenance
the ehe e h p de he d e ee eee e , e p he e ee q. the h ppee hee e ed he he d e e e, ed dee.
aee ee ie lPede 20 l*med eh d pede 30 l*b pee e 25 l*u e pk
sh 30 ll 15 l
u pksh 20 ll 15 l
u pk 10 lr e pk
sh 15 ll 15 l
r pksh 10 ll 10 l
r pk 05 lsp d d ee(Epe,a P) 30 l**
*Depede Ee Ze (ee lh P e
pe 24)
**m sd d E ae
road lightingd p
bh sdd 5489:2003 d he Epesdd cEn/tr 13201 pde de heeeded dd h deeee e, d dd e pedeed ee de ph.
the eqee d h e eedeee Epe d bh sddp En13201 d bs5489. thee dee he h p e e pe .
i pe pde ep hesdd h de heee he /e e eded de .f pe he sdd eqe heepee qed lh Eee.
the pe eed:
1. Dede he h e ed eb.4 bh sdd 5489-1:2003 de heee eh d pede , he pe ee ze d he eqed ede he p.
2. a ee he e d he e e he e hd e de he Pe ahe l oe (alo) deld he ce Pee De ad(cPDa) ld.
3. i ee ee e e pe e e, h e de e ed h ( pepe e hehhe h he hz e he e dp).tr13201-1 pde he e e.
De alo d cPDa e d he ee: hp://.eedde./pe/de_d.p
the e h e e eed de e e d e e (ee pe16) hee peeed h he pe k e. i e eed h e d e, ed tr 13201-1:2004, p e he e e e he e eqed d hd heee e deed eep e.
bs En 13201-2:2003 te 3. lh e ede d
d d
c Hz i e (l)
s1
s2
s3
s4
s5
s6
s7s7
m ed
15-22.5
10-15
7.5-11.25
5-7.5
3-4.5
2-3
n deeed
med
5
3
1.5
1
0.6
0.6
n deeed
gd h pe e he 24-h
http://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspxhttp://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspxhttp://www.securedbydesign.com/professionals/design_advisors.aspx7/27/2019 Lighting Against Crime
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reeee s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6
add Es4 Es5 Es6 Es7 Es8 Es9
cEn/tr 13201-01:2004 te 5. c eeee h e (e)
cEs1Es2Es3Es4Es5Es6Es7Es8
se d e E (l)107.5532
1.51
0.75
Es9 0.5
bs En13201-2 te 5. lh e e d e
ce e r ve lh l E1/E2 E3/E4
n E1/E2 E3/E4
Hh E1/E2 E3/E4
l r60
s5 s4s6 s5
s4 s3s5 s4
s3 s2s4 s3
mdee r60
s4 s3s5 s4
s3 s2s4 s3
- s1- s2
Hh r60
s2 s2
s3 s3
s2 s1
s3 s2
- s1
- s2
bs5489-1 te b4. see ede d d d
the bh d Epe sdd de he hpe pe de h heeeded ee e d e pe , he d h d he heh d ee e.
a ee h h d h pe h eqed e e de eeee h dd he ee EeZe . Ee ze, hhhee e 4, ee he ee e
e pe d ee h. f epe, hh d e ed n Pk d e pppe ee. (see pe18 e de).
the eeded ee de hebh sdd e ed de he e:
t e (h eh d pede)
rd (e hee j d/ d e;
t peed
Ee Ze
lp ede de
the hee ee ee (e) ed e:
mE - t re (Hh/med peed)
cE - c ae (rd h j d d e;
s - rd h ped Pede, cd/ s
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thee e hee ehd heeeded h ee d hh e:
lewhee he he he d e peed de/q ee. th ehd ed tre hee eh e hh, he ppee pde hee hee ehe je ppe hd he he de.
ie
whee he h je hee, h ehd ed he pe heh eqee ede d d dh j d d.
se cd iewhee he h e de he e, h ehd ed epepe e d e d he ee he e.
t e e eeded h ee pe eqe he e ee hh ke he e edeed e d ed e:
tp peed d pe he d e
ohe pe e ( he eded e) rd ee
t e
wehe (ped e d)
ae e (r, u c cee)
H de e jdee ed heee, pe de he lh c e ed. the ee h de s hh e he h ede e(eed d d he bh sdd depded se 2).
the s pe e s1 s6. s1 he he ee d ppe e h hhpede eh hee hee hh e e hee hee
e.
the eeded e Hz ieke he e e :
s1=15 l s6=2 l (h eed 5 d 0.6 l epee)
the e ke he crede ide (cri) he h e djed p e e cri 60. the cri ed 0 100 d de he edeqe he p. whee 0 -e ede de , h h l Pee sd lp, d 100d e he ede qe dh.
a e deed h Ee Ze he (ee lh P e).
c ede qe he he h h he e
ee
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closed circuittelevision (cctv)d p
mhe e pde ee ede h e d i red (ir)h. Hee, ir p he p e pp 80 ee, ed h e ir p he h e d e eqed.
c e eed e h h k d hee, d h h e q h eh cri ee h 60 pde e ede he pe. m e pee de de ed h.
ce pe ee k h d 0.5 l. Hee, hee he e e phphed eh he, e.. e eee hh eed e.
a ee e: he e eqe
5 l ee hz ed e 15 l ee hze.
reeded h ee cctv
ce m e l oe un e h
thehd ieen e h (%)
mhe 5 0.4 10
c 15 0.4 10
i he e e e ee e ee h he de he p h ee e ee h de. thee e he h e p he eqed, h pek e, d eed e ee he hee eded, epe he e h he h.i e ked ee ee ed/ e h he h ee kp 100% he eeded. the ee d h p pe; epe h p ped see lh:
sme HdefeelED
th ee h pd ee ed h h e e e. i eeded h pe deke pp e deke ee he hee d e eded d h h.
D e he e e ee h h ee
variaBle lightingd p
100% 20%100% - 50%100% - 1%100% 0%
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uniformitY
the pppe h pe d pe keped e , d h d he ede d d j p he dde; eed e ped ee hee. i e h, h ee q edu, epeeed h p he u d he eee he ee e ee.
a u e 0.4 40% eeded ee
h h d ee dk phee he phe hee ee d hed dj qk eh ee h e peed e.
the eee h d e p h he ee eheed he e. the eep d e he l ee ee h u e 0.4d e d d e h. a 0.4 u e d dd seed De deepe d, e e, e ed h ehe hee
pppe eh e. i heee he e e ee u hd eheed de he pe e peed e u 0.25.
the hz u eeed e eed dd he p l ee he e ee ee . NB Commonsense needs to also be applied to ensure that the
uniformity is calculated for a visual scene that lies
within the field of view of an observer .e.g. if theminimum point value lies around a corner then it is
probably meaningless to take it into consideration but
if it is in the middle of the car park then it is highly
relevant to the calculation.
i h e h 8 l d ee 20 l, dde 8 20 hh e e 0.4(ee epeed 40%).theeehe u e h h e deh he eeded 0.4 u e. a epe h h e:
light distriButionisoluX diagrams
il D (l P)il d e ph epee heh d e h . J p de he heh he d ee ee, he e il d epee he h p he e pped e.
the d e h dh (ded he k qe) ed 8 ee ed ee h e 24 16 h he ee ( l) .
the ee h e ed 1000 e pp heee eq he ed e eped he p p e dded
1000.
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colour rendering
c ede qe h ee he epde he je e ed.
t hep he ee h e ee e h ee d e e 0 100hee 100 he pee ede dh d 0 ede . whe p ede ppee, hee e ed d ed ehe the crede ide (cri) r.
the pe ppe ke de h h r 0 d he ed de p h r 20 ed he hd hh r 80.
thee e hh he h eeed :
c appeeth he dep he ppe heee e he e h. a dep l Pee sd ee h h e h.
the e e d he ede ppee pp p:
lp tpe c rede ide
te fe (gls) 100te He (tH) 100fee (mcf/u) 50 90cp fee (cfl) 85 95l Pee sd (sox) 0Hh Pee sd (son) 20whe son (sDw) 83me Hde (mbi) 65 90
ce me Hde (cDm) 85 95lh E Dde (lED) 66 80cp whe (cPw) 60cp gd (cPg) 20
reeee
c he e hde: p he h h pe
ede qe
l pee d: e h ede
qe
Dh
Hh pee d: ppe h p ede
qe
whe e hde: h pe he h, h d
ede qe
colour of light
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what is light Pollution?
lh p he ed h de he e eded .
uee, eee d deed ded e h h pd ep de he e e e e d e ee e.
lh p e pe ee,dee e he e ,
e p he he ehppe d ke he h k h e e he deed e.
how to reduce lightPollution
i de ede h p e eed dehe :
i ee pde h? i h e pded he p ke e hhe ee h pppe. me h ee ee d e e eped ee h he h ee e h hee d ee h he k d
e e.
Hh u e ke eee he.
ce pe p pe ke hee ppe. lh h e edd he e eqed hd edeed. whe h ed ke e e he e eded .
environmental Zones
l P ahe e he ehd pe e ee h h heDeepe P.
the e ed Ee Zehh ee p ee d epeed :
E1 i dk dpen pk &e e
EeZe
sk gulr (m %)
lh tep( d) E (l)
se iei (kd)
bd lePe e
Pe-e P-e Pe-e P-e aee l (cD/m
E1 0 2 1 2.5 0 0
E2 2.5 5 1 7.5 0.5 5
E3 5.0 10 2 10 1 10
E4 15.0 25 5 25 2.5 25
E2 l d he er, e ee dk .
E3 med d he es ee .
E4 Hh d he et/ eeh hh ee h-e .
the e he he pe e he e eh he Ze. se de edh he e e:
ce h he e e hh eeqee he e h pp eed e e 23.00 h.
ulr upd lh r he hepeed peee he hh peed de he k.
se ie h he e he h e de he e e ed.
ce nehhd d Ee a 2005the ke e ee hp. theee d h p pe h h p djeppee eed, ee p, e .
lh p e eded he e pppe p, e d h e,hee e h he h he h ed he eded e e.
te 1. oe lh l Ee lh i
ode ee h e j e k . P deed d edde h h h p hh ed hed Pe i red dee e e h p. a e he i Ee Heh oe 1994 eeed h e he ped e h he uK.
light Pollution
a p epe k (h p) ed p h
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lp tpe le pe w aee le (h) c rede ide
te 10 12 1,000 100
te He 12 22 2,000 100
fee 50 95 18,000 50 90
cp fee 80 90 10,000 85
l Pee sd 160 190 16,000 0
Hh Pee sd 85 120 20,000 20 60
whe sd 35 10,000 83
me Hde 80 100 15,000 65 90
ce me Hde 90 12,000 85 95
lh E Dde 65* 50,000 66 80
lamP tYPes and theirlumens Per watt
the ee e h he he he, h he p h e ee he, e ee h.
Ee ee epeed e pe d de h h h, e h, pded he p eh ee e.
dd p q e ede e, he p e p d eepe e deed.
the he p ke heehee de e e depe(hh he peed h hh he heed he e dhe. th eepd e ke me Hde d lED. thee e dee hee ee pp p pe.
the jargon of thelighting Professional
c appeeth e he ppe he p hek de . i ee e p eed , eede . th ppee deed he epee hep d eed Deee Ke (K). a p d e ed 4000K, eedep 3500K d p 3000K.
c redethe e ed dee he ee he p h he peeed je e eed heh ee.
lh h e pded e, e d e e ed ppe hd he d ede qe .e. 60 e he c rede ide. th p e cctv e deped de pe ee ke e e.
se p he e p edeqe, he e l Peesd p hh he he p ee ed e he d h d he dee .
c rede idethe c rede ide (cri) ed 0 100 de he ede qe p.0 -e ede de, h l Pee sd (sox)p, d 100 d e he ede qe dh. the he he hhe ee he ede qe. apppeee ed he h e e hhe ee d e pepe d h e sox h ee e Pe pped seed Dehee.
the ee pth ed e d ee hh h, epeed e, p pde eh w ee e. th eq h e pe w.
th ee pe epee he ee ee p d de ee he qe he
h pded.
Ee Zel P ahe e ehd pe e ee h hhe deepe p ep he e Ee Ze.
thee e Ee Ze d eh ee pe ee d h e eeded he e ed (ee pe 25).
Hz iei he h eh hz ed eed l.
energY efficiencY glossarY
the pe h p he pee ed e h he l Pee sdp. th p pe pde e e pe h he he d h ee eepe h ede de ee 0. wh hee he d, ede h pepe he h d he p.
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P ra iP he e ehd de heeee e e, he eed eh hd he p. le eed e peed he e d d e ee heeeee d peee he e, he p eed d he h eh he ee e eded.
the deed d:
f D 0 6 dee he deee pe
h ee e e hee0= pe d 6= pe.
sed D 0 8 dee he deee pe he e qd hee 0= pe d 8=pe dee e e.
K rthe iK dee he ee hk ee e d deed iK1 iK10 hee 1 pee p 0.14 je ee d 10 20.00 je ee.
t p hee e pepee, ee eed p d p ee 18 je ee.
lh P d lh nelh p d h ep e ee eed dee e hee h h eeed e e hee ed dhee he h de dd ed . i ee eeed h ep, hh he he e e e e.
th d h e epe hp, pd h,hh pde k ee d he e he hk, h ep d h e
d e e.
lele ee he h ee p. a he e e hed e e ee e h p.
lei he e ed he h eeedk e d eh he ee d eed de pe qe ee.
lth he eee h eh ehee 1 l e e e ee qe ee.
1 l he h 1 de 1 ee e 1q ee.
m Hehthe m Heh h p he de , hehe ehee h e ed he e eehee h e ed he d p. gee pek,he hhe p p ed, he e he e hhe heh eqep h ee e p.
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oe lh (ee lh P)
re-ke tereke ee he e dhe p ke e k ep pepp.
the e-ke he p jde he h p e ed heee d pepe e pee h h p d ee.
r up teth he e ed dee he e dhep ke eh e p h ( p h pe deehed h p e e ded de he p eed ee e-ke).
spth e he p eee e - ehe ed - d h j e he ee h e hee.
thehd ieethehd ee he ee he ed d e he e.
u (u)u eee h ee h e ded deed e. Hhe e e h h e e dje phe dke hee e e h hh he h eed e d ee e.
de e he u e h e
he ee l e dded he eeee l.
seed De dd k h hu e deepe hee e 40% 0.4u.
ve ieve e ed h je pepe he e pe. i he ee h deeed e heh he d ee pepe ee he epe he e hepede. ae e hh ee eee hee cctv e ed ee e hh e e e.
se cd iese d e ed eeee e he q ee h
h epe he e pe.
the bd reaede the bd re Pl1 e d e he :
a keep h ee de d e ee eee d/ he e ee p h h:
. Ehe p e de eeed 150 pee d he :
whe hee deqe h anD
whe eqed h
. he e hd he p hde,hh p h e ee h 40 e/ e ed.
cp ee p d ee he dd () h gls e p h e p Ed e e, te he d .
aPPendiX
7/27/2019 Lighting Against Crime
17/17
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