Line Distance Protection 511

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Features Line distance functionality comprises;- simultaneous measurement of the differ-

ent phase - phase and phase - earthimpedances within the numerical mea-

suring elements, individually for each

type of fault and each distance zone forfast and reliable fault detection

- Up to five zone protection with com-

pletely individual settings

- separate and independent impedance

measuring elements for the General

Fault Criteria with advanced characteris-

tic and phase preference logic

- scheme communication logic with cur-

rent reversal and weak end infeed logics

- power swing detection

Additional protection functionality such as;

- phase overcurrent, residual current and

voltage functions

- breaker failure protection

- fuse failure and current transformer

circuit supervision

- fast interbay communication of binary

signals

- single- or multi-pole tripping

Control;

- command control

- autoreclosing and synchro-check withphasing and energising check

Monitoring;

- event recorder

- disturbance recorder

- fault locator

- trip value recorder

- status indication of all input and internal

binary signals

- presentation of measured mean values

of line current, voltage, active power,

reactive power and frequency with accu-

racy up to 0.25%

Metering;

- pulse counter logic

Remote-end data communication

alternatives;

- multiplexed, dedicated fibre andgalvanic channel

- allows for remote-end binary signal

transfer

- communication channel supervision

Serial communication;

- SPA or IEC 870-5-103 port (monitoring)

- LON port (control)

Extensive configuration possibilities by useof internal logical gates, timers and user

configurable connections between differ-

ent functions, binary inputs and outputs

(SE 95 02 08)

Line distance protectionterminal

REL 511

1MDB06309-YN

Issued April 1999Changed since June 1998

Data subject to change without notice


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Line distance protection terminalABB REL 5111MDB06309-YN

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Features (contd) Several input/output module options includ-ing measuring mA input module (for trans-

ducers)

Extensive software tool-box for monitor-ing, evaluation and user configuration of

the terminal

Flexible software and hardware

Selected processor design guarantees

high availability together with excellent

possibilities for extensive combination of

different functions without prolonging the

operation time

Numerical filtering and measuring tech-

niques ensuring correct performance dur-

ing transient conditions

Versatile local human-machine interface(HMI) from the front panel

Various local HMI language options

Extensive self-supervision with fault

diagnostics

General The REL511 line distance protection termi-nal is one of the basic units for HV and EHV

line distance protection applications andforms a part of a PANORAMA Station Auto-mation. The PANORAMA Station Automa-tion concept includes a complete range ofsingle-function units and multi-functional ter-

minals, Substation Monitoring System (SMS)and Substation Control System (SCS). The

units in the PANORAMA concept are avail-able as stand alone relays/terminals or asbuilding blocks in a total power networkmanagement system.

Functions Line impedance

Distance protection (ZM15)

ApplicationDistance protection provides fast and reliable

protection for overhead lines and powercables in all kinds of power networks. Foreach independent distance protection zone,full scheme design provides continuous mea-surement of impedance separately in threeindependent phase-phase measuring loops aswell as in three independent phase-earth mea-suring loops.

Phase-earth distance protection serves asbasic earth-fault protection in networks withdirectly or low-impedance earthed networks.Together with an independent phase-prefer-ence-logic, it also serves as selective protec-tion function at cross-country faults inisolated or resonantly earthed networks.

Independent reactive reach setting for phase-phase and for phase-earth measurementsecures high selectivity in networks with dif-ferent protective relays used for short-circuitand earth-fault protection.

Fig. 1 Schematic presentation of the operatecharacteristic for one distance protectionzone in forward direction

The distance protection zones can operate,independently of the others, in directional(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode.This makes it suitable, together with differentcommunication schemes, for the protection ofpower lines and cables in complex networkconfigurations, such as double-circuit,parallel lines, multiterminal lines, etc. Zoneone, two and three has a built-in option for aphase selective operation.

R

jX

Rph-eRph-ph

Xph-e

Xph-ph

Zl ine

(9 8000062 .vm f )

Xph-e reactive reach for ph-e faults

Xph-ph reactive reach for ph-ph faults

Rph-e resistive reach for ph-e faults

Rph-ph resistive reach for ph-ph faults

Zline line impedance


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Line distance protection terminal REL 5111MDB06309-YN

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Functions (contd)

ABB

The additional distance protection zones fourand five have the same basic functionality aszone 13, except phase-selective output sig-

nals.

Design

Different digital signal processors calculatethe impedance as seen for different measuringloops in different distance protection zones.The results are updated each millisecond forall measuring loops and each distance protec-tion zone separately. Measurement of theimpedance for each fault follows the differen-tial equation, which considers a complete linereplica impedance, as presented schemati-cally on Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Schematic presentation of the impedancemeasuring principle.

Setting of all line parameters, such as positivesequence resistance and reactance as well aszero-sequence resistance and reactance,together with expected fault resistance forphase-phase and phase-earth faults, are inde-pendent for each zone. The operate character-istic is thus automatically adjusted to the line

characteristic angle. The earth-return com-pensation factor for the earth-fault distanceprotection is calculated automatically by the

terminal itself.

Voltage polarisation for directional measure-ment uses continuous calculation and updat-ing of the positive sequence voltage for eachmeasuring loop separately. This secures cor-rect directionality of the protection on differ-ent evolving faults within the complexnetwork configurations. Positive-sequencememory voltage secures reliable directionaloperation on close-up three-phase faults.

The distance protection function blocks areindependent of each other for each zone.

Each function block comprises a number ofdifferent functional inputs and outputs, whichare freely configurable to different externalfunctions, logic gates, timers and binaryinputs and outputs. This makes it possible toinfluence the operation of the complete mea-suring zone or only its trip function by theoperation of the fuse-failure function, thepower-swing-detection function, etc.

General fault criteria (GFC)

Application

The general fault criteria is an independentimpedance measuring function, which servesas an overall fault detection and/or phaseselection element in all kinds of networks.Observe that the GFCn function is not used asstart function, because full scheme measure-ment is utilised for the distance protectionzones.

The GFC function is specially suitable incases when the fault resistance to be detectedexceeds the minimum expected load imped-ance. The shaped operate characteristic in the

impedance plane (see Fig. 3) prevents theoperation of the impedance measuring ele-ments for low load impedances and at thesame time allows coverage of higher faultresistance with remote infeed of the faultcurrent.

R l jX l

R fu(t)

i(t)

(98000063.vmf)

u t( ) Rl Rf+( ) i t( ) l----- i t( )

t------------+=

Rl line resistance

Rf fault resistance

Xl line reactance

2 .. f

f frequency


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Fig. 3 General fault criteria - schematic presen-tation of the operate characteristic in theimpedance plane

Independent measurement for each fault loopsecures reliable phase selection and correct

operation for complex network faults, such assimultaneous faults on parallel circuits,evolving faults, etc. It also serves, togetherwith an independent phase-preference-logic,as a selective protection function on cross-country faults in isolated or high-impedanceearthed networks.Independent reactive reachsetting for phase-phase and for phase-earthmeasurement secures high selectivity in net-works with different protective relays usedfor short-circuit and earth-fault protection.

DesignThe basic operate principle is the same as for

the basic distance protection zones (see Fig.2). It is possible to set the reactive reach inforward and reverse direction for phase-phaseand for phase-earth measurement separatelyand independently of each other. Setting ofthe resistive reach can also be different forphase-phase and for phase-earth measure-ment.

The user can program the influence of theGFC function on the operation of the distanceprotection zones used. The GFC function canprevent the operation of the distance protec-

tion zones with a reach longer than the reach

of the GFC elements, as long as the measuredimpedance is outside the GFC operate charac-teristic.

Operation of the distance protection zonescan also be completely independent on theoperation of the GFC function.

Power swing detection (PSD)

ApplicationThe power swing detection function detectspower swings with a periodic swing time aslow as 200 ms (i.e. slip frequency as high as10% of the rated frequency on a 50 Hz basis).It detects swings under normal system condi-

tions as well as during the dead-time of thesingle-pole reclosing cycle.

DesignThe operation of the PSD function is basedon the measurement of the transition time thatthe power swing transient impedance needs topass the impedance area between two imped-ance measuring characteristics (known as Z/t measurement). The impedance measuringprinciple is the same as the one used for thedistance protection zones (see Fig. 2). Thetransient impedance time is measured in allthree phases separately and one-out-of-three

or two-out-of-three operating modes can beselected permanently or according to the spe-cific system operate conditions.

The use of different timers for initial and con-secutive swings secures a high degree of dif-ferentiation between power swing and faultconditions. Built-in logic circuits and config-urable functional inputs makes it possible tocombine the function with other functionsand conditions, as well as to use it in the sameway as with older distance relays.

Scheme communication logic(ZCOM)

ApplicationTo achieve fast fault clearing for a fault on thepart of the line not covered by the instanta-neous zone 1, the stepped distance protectionfunction can be supported with logic, utilisingcommunication channels. One communica-tion channel, capable of transmitting an on/off signal, is required in each direction.

(98000064.vmf)

jX

Xfw

-Rf

-Rld

Xrv

RRf

Rld

AR Gld

Xfw Reactive reach in forward direction

Xrv Reactive reach in reverse direction

Rf Resistive reach related to fault

resistance

Rld Resistive reach related to minimum

load impedance

ARGld Load impedance angle


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Depending on whether a reverse or forwarddirected impedance zone is used to issue thesend signal, the communication schemes are

divided in Blocking and Permissiveschemes, respectively. This function cansupport any scheme communication require-ments.

Current reversal and weak endinfeed logics (ZCAL)

ApplicationThis function is a complement to the ZCOMor to the ZC1P function.

In interconnected systems, the fault current

can change direction when circuit breakersopen to clear the fault. The permissive over-reach scheme should have a current reversallogic which, when activated, will preventunwanted operation in case of current rever-sal.

If the infeed of the fault current at the remoteend is too low to operate the forward directedmeasuring element, no carrier signal will beobtained from the remote end when there is afault on the line and the communicationscheme will not operate properly. This will bethe case if the zero sequence source at the

remote line end is too high, e.g. if the line cir-cuit breaker is open. The permissive commu-nication scheme should therefore include aweak end infeed logic which, when activated,reflects the carrier signal and thereby securestripping. It can also be used to trip the localcircuit breaker in cases when fault currentdistribution prevent carrier signal.

Automatic switch onto faultlogic (SOTF)

ApplicationThe switch-onto-fault protection secureshigh-speed operation of the distance protec-tion on energising of faulty or short-circuited (earthed for safety reasons) powerlines. Two operating modes are available forthe detection of a breaker closing condition:Use of an auxiliary contact from a line CBcontrol switch or the operation of a built-indead-line-detection (DLD) function. The sec-ond mode is highly recommended for busbar

configurations where more than one circuitbreaker can energise the protected line at oneline end.

DesignThe function is active for one second after thebreaker closing conditions have been reportedby the external auxiliary contact or by theDLD function (automatic mode). The outputsignal will be generated if the fault has beendetected within the non-directional reach ofthe selected distance protection zone. Config-urable function inputs and outputs make itpossible to configure different use of thefunction. Note: The presence of the dead-line-detection function is absolutely required,if the function shall operate in the automatic

mode.

Local acceleration logic (ZCLC)

ApplicationTo achieve fast fault clearing for faults on thewhole line, also in cases where no communi-cation channel is available, local accelerationlogic is used. The logic can be controlledeither by the autorecloser or by the loss of theload current.

Current, phase wise

Instantaneous phase over-current protection (IOC)

ApplicationDifferent system conditions, such as sourceimpedance and the position of the faults onlong transmission lines, influence the faultcurrents to a great extent. The IOC function,with low overreaching of the measuring ele-ments, secure very short operate times, downto 10 ms and selective tripping for close-in

faults on long power lines, where short faultclearing times are extremely important inmaintaining system stability

DesignThe IOC function comprises a three phaseinstantaneous overcurrent protection. Whensingle-pole tripping is required, the singleand/or three-pole trip logic allows for phaseselective starting signals from the function.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Time delayed phase over-current protection (TOC)

ApplicationThe time-delayed overcurrent protectionoperates in different system conditions forcurrents exceeding the pre-set value andremain high for longer than the delay time seton the corresponding timer. The function canalso be used as supervision and fault detectorfor some other protection functions, toincrease the security of a complete protectionsystem. It can serve as a reserve function forthe line distance protection, if activated underfuse failure conditions which disables theoperation of the line distance protection.

DesignThe TOC function comprises a three phasetime-delayed overcurrent protection. Phaseselective starting signals are available fromthe function.

Breaker failure protection (BFP)

ApplicationThe breaker failure protection provides back-up protection in case of failure of the breakerto trip and clear the fault as requested by theobject protection. It is obtained by checking

that fault current persists after a brief timefrom the operation of the object protection.

DesignThe breaker failure protection is initiated bythe trip commands from the protection func-tions, either internal to the terminal or fromexternal commands through binary inputs.The start can be single-phase or three-phase.

The operate values of the three current mea-suring elements are settable within a widesetting range. The measurement is stabilised

against the dc-transient that can causeunwanted operation with saturated currenttransformers. Time measurement is individ-ual for each phase. Two independent timersare available, T1 for repeated tripping ofown breaker and T2 which operates triplogic for adjacent breakers.

Current, residual (earth fault)

Current residual

ApplicationIn case of single-phase to earth faults, theprimary fault resistance will vary with thenetwork conditions and location of the fault.In many cases the fault resistance is muchhigher than the resistance that can be coveredby an impedance measuring distance func-tion.

Earth faults with high fault resistance can bedetected by measuring the residual current(3Io). Hence, the current residual functions

can be used as complement to the impedancemeasuring distance function for sensitiveearth fault detection.

To prevent unwanted operation when energis-ing a directly grounded power transformer,the functions are provided with 2nd harmonicrestraint blocking feature.

The inverse time delayed function is providedwith minimum operate current and minimumoperate time for improved selectivity in cer-tain applications.

The instantaneous and time-delayed functionscan be made directional together with logicsfor communication scheme cooperation,weak-end-infeed and current reversal.

DesignFollowing current residual functions areselectable;

1. Instantaneous

2. Time delayed;

- Independent time delay

3. Inverse time delayed;

- Normal inverse (NI)

- Very inverse (VI)

- Extremely inverse (EI)

- Logarithmic inverse (IDG)

NI, VI and EI according to IEC 255-3

4. Directional check and communicationschemes

5. 4-Step earth fault protection (4 ele-

ments)


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Functions (contd)

ABB

The 4-step earth fault overcurrent protectionhas three current steps with independent timedelay and a fourth current step with indepen-

dent time delay or inverse time characteris-tics.

For all four steps, one of the following modescan be selected independently of other steps:

Non-directional overcurrent function with-out second harmonic restraint

Non-directional overcurrent function withsecond harmonic restraint

Forward directional overcurrent functionwithout second harmonic restraint

Forward directional overcurrent function

with second harmonic restraint

Overcurrent function without second har-monic restraint, with blocking from thereverse direction measuring element

Overcurrent function with second har-monic restraint, with blocking from thereverse direction measuring element

Voltage

Time delayed undervoltage

protection (TUV)ApplicationThe time-delayed undervoltage protectionfunction is applicable in all situations, wherereliable detection of low phase voltages isnecessary. The function can also be used as asupervision and fault detection function forsome other protection functions, to increasethe security of a complete protection system.

DesignThe function operates as a three-phase volt-age measuring function, which issues an out-

put signal if any of the three measured phasevoltages falls below the pre-set value. Theoperation can be delayed by a built-in timerwith settable time delay. The function can bedisabled by various external conditions, forexample by the operation of a fuse-failure

function or by an auxiliary contact detectingthe open position of a line isolator. The func-tion has phase-selective indication.

Time delayed overvoltageprotection (TOV)

ApplicationDifferent system conditions might increasethe system voltage and cause damage toexposed primary and secondary equipment.The overvoltage protection detects such volt-age changes and initiates different measuresto the power system. Both instantaneous andtime-delayed operation of the overvoltagefunction are available.

DesignThe function measures the phase voltages of athree-phase system and calculates the residual(3U0) voltage. It initiates the correspondingoutput signals if the measured phase or theresidual voltages exceed the pre-set value(starting) and remains high longer than thetime delay set on the corresponding timers(trip). The function detects the phases whichcaused the operation.

Power system supervision

Broken conductor check (BRC)

ApplicationThe broken-conductor check function detectsnon-symmetrical current conditions in thethree phases. The BRC function is especiallysuitable for the detection of broken conduc-tors on protected power lines and cables(series faults) without the presence of theadditional short circuits (phase-earth orphase-phase faults). It will also detect inter-ruptions in secondary current circuits.

DesignThe function measures all three-phase cur-rents and operates when the ratio between theminimum of measured phase currents and themaximum phase current falls below the setvalue. The phase current must be higher than20% of the terminal rated current.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Loss of voltage check (LOV)

Application

The loss-of-voltage function is suitable foruse in networks with automatic restorationfunction. The LOV function initiates a three-pole tripping of a circuit breaker, if all threephase voltages fall below the set value forlonger than 7 seconds. The operation of thefunction is supervised by the fuse-failurefunction and the information about the closedposition of an associated circuit breaker.

Overload supervision (OVLD)

Application

The overload protection prevents excessiveloading of power lines. Its operation is basedon the measurement of the maximum phasecurrent and its duration, which must notexceed the pre-set values. The operate currentand the operate time are settable within awide range.

Secondary system supervision

Current circuit supervision(CTSU)

ApplicationWrong information on current flowing in aprotected element might influence thesecurity (line differential protection) ordependability (line distance protection) of acomplete protection system. The current cir-cuit supervision function, as built in REx 5xxterminals, detects different types of faults inCT secondary circuits and influence the oper-ation of corresponding main protection func-tions.

Design

The function compares the 3I0 secondarycurrents from two different sets of currentinstrument transformers or different cores ofthe same instrument transformer. The func-tion issues an output signal when the differ-ence is greater than set value. The signal canbe configured to block different protectionfunctions or initiate the alarm.

Fuse failure supervision (FUSE)

ApplicationThe fuse-failure-supervision function contin-

uously supervises the ac voltage measuringcircuits between the voltage transformers and

the terminal. Different output signals can beused to block, in the case of faults in the acvoltage secondary circuits, the operation of

the distance protection and other voltage-dependent functions, such as the synchro-check function, the undervoltage protectionfunction, etc.

Negative-sequence based measurement isrecommended in isolated or high-impedanceearthed systems.

Zero-sequence based measurement is recom-mended in directly- or low-impedanceearthed systems.

Design

The function continuously measures the zero-sequence and/or the negative-sequence volt-age and current in three-phase ac voltage cir-cuits. It operates if the measured zero and/ornegative-sequence voltage increases over thepre-set operate value, and if the measuredzero and/or negative-sequence currentremains below the pre-set operate value.

Two function output signals are available.The first depends directly on the voltage andcurrent measurement. The second depends onthe operation of the dead-line detection func-tion, to prevent unwanted operation of thedistance protection if the line has been de-energised and energised under fuse-failureconditions. A special function input servesthe connection to the auxiliary contact of theMCB (when used), to secure correct opera-tion of the function on simultaneous interrup-tion of all three measured phase voltages.

Control

Command control (16 signals)

ApplicationThe terminals may be provided with 16 out-put functions that can be controlled eitherfrom a Substation Automation system orfrom the built-in HMI. The output functionscan be used, for example, to control high-voltage apparatuses in switchyards. For localcontrol functions, the built-in HMI can beused. Together with the configuration logiccircuits, the user can govern pulses or steadyoutput signals for control purposes within theterminal or via binary outputs.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Synchro-check and energisingcheck (SYNX)

ApplicationThe synchro-check function is used for con-trolled interconnection of a line in an alreadyinterconnected network. When used, thefunction gives an enable signal at satisfactoryvoltage conditions across the breaker that isto be closed. The synchro-check functionmeasures the voltages on the busbar side andthe line side. It operates and permits closingof the circuit-breaker when the set conditionsare met, with respect to the voltage difference(UDiff), the phase-angle difference (PhaseDiff),and the frequency difference (FreqDiff).

The energising condition can be set to allowenergising in one, or the other, or both direc-tions, e.g. live busbar and dead line. It is pos-sible to have different energising settings fora manual close command and an autoreclosecommand.

DesignThe synchro-check for double busbararrangements includes the voltage selectionfunction. From the auxiliary contacts of thebreakers and disconnectors, the terminal canselect the right voltage for the synchronism

and energising function. The function is alsodesigned to allow manual closing when bothsides of the breaker are dead.

PhasingNote: This function is not separately avail-able. It is an addition to the Synchro-checkand energising check described above.

ApplicationPhasing of network breakers is to be per-formed, together with synchro-check, whentwo asynchronous systems are going to be

connected in order to avoid stress on the net-work and its components. The phasing func-tion compensates for measured slip frequencyas well as the circuit-breaker closing delay.

DesignThe phasing function also includes thesynchro-check function. The phasing func-tion is used when the difference in frequencyis less than the set value of the frequencydifference for phasing and larger than the setvalue for synchro-check.

Autoreclosing (ARxx)

Application

The reclosing function can be selected toperform single-, two- and/or three-phasereclosing from eight single-shot or multi-shotreclosing programs. The three-phase auto-reclose open time can be selected to giveeither high-speed autoreclosing or delayedautoreclosing. Three-phase autoreclosing canbe performed with or without the use of thesynchronism check or energising function.

DesignThe autoreclosing function co-operates withthe line protection functions, the trip function,the circuit breaker and the synchro-check

function. It can also be influenced by otherprotection functions through binary input sig-nals.The autoreclosing is a logical functionbuilt up by logical elements.

Logic

Three-pole trip logic (TRIP)

ApplicationThe function is intended for use when only asimultaneous three-pole tripping of the circuit

breaker(s) is required.

DesignTwo functional inputs initiate the outgoingtrip command. The first will initiate the tripcommand only if the function is not blockedor its operation has not been switched off orthe terminal is not in a test mode. The secondfunctional input overrides all the above con-ditions. It is intended for use together withstation protection functions, such as breakerfailure protection or transfer trip commandsreceived from the remote ends of protectedpower lines.

Single- or two-pole trip logic(TRIP)

ApplicationTRIP operates in single-pole trip mode forsingle-phase faults, in two-pole operatingmode for two-phase faults (with or withoutearth) and in three-pole trip mode for three-phase faults. It is also possible to achievethree-pole tripping for both one-phase andtwo-phase faults.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

The function is applicable for all terminalswhich have built-in phase selection function-ality and is used in applications where single-

pole tripping is required for single-phasefaults due to system stability reasons. Thetwo-pole operating mode can be used ondouble-circuit parallel lines with single-polebreakers.

DesignSpecial functional inputs are provided for theinitiation of a single, two and three-pole tripcommand. Decision to initiate outgoing tripsignals in different phases depends on a pres-ence of corresponding phase selective signalson specially provided functional inputs.Additional logic circuits secure a three-pole

final trip command in the absence of therequired phase selection signals.

The function is equipped with logic circuits,which secure correct operation on evolvingfaults as well as after the reclosing on persis-tent faults. Special function inputs are pro-vided to override the internal conditions andinitiate an instantaneous three-pole trip com-mand. These inputs could be initiated by dif-ferent external functions, such as stationbreaker failure protection, transfer trip fromthe remote end line terminal, etc.

Pole discordance logic,contact based (PD)

ApplicationBreaker pole position discordance can occuron operation of a breaker with independentoperating gears for the three poles. The rea-son may be an interruption in the closing ortrip coil circuit, or a mechanical failure result-ing in a stuck breaker pole. A discordancecaused by one pole failing to close or opencan be tolerated for a limited time, for

instance during a single-phase trip-reclosingcycle.

DesignThe operation of the pole discordance protec-tion is based on checking the position of thebreaker auxiliary contacts. Three parallel nor-mally-open contacts in series with three nor-mally-closed contacts in parallel for therespective breaker poles form a condition ofpole discordance, connected to a binary inputdedicated for the purpose.

Additional configurable logic

Application

Configurable logic is included in basic. Addi-tional logic circuits including more AND/ORgates are also available as an option. With thislogic the user can configure different logicalfunctions in the terminals to suit specialrequirements for different applications.

Communication channel testlogic (CCHT)

ApplicationMany applications in secondary systemsrequire testing of some functionality with

confirmed information about the result of thetest. Channel test function perform testing ofcommunication (power line carrier) channelsin applications, where it is not possible tomonitor them continuously by some othermeans.

DesignThe logic initiates the sending of an impulse(carrier send signal), which starts the opera-tion of different external functions and checksthe feedback from the external function. Itreports the successful or non-successfulresponse on initiated test. It is also possible to

abort the test with an external signal, whichoverrules all internal process.

Binary signal transfer to remoteend (RTC)

ApplicationThe binary signal transfer function is prefera-bly used for sending communication schemerelated signals, transfer trip and/or otherbinary signals required at the remote end. Upto 32 freely selectable binary signals, internalor external to the terminals, can be transmit-ted in both directions over a protected line.

DesignTogether with the binary signals internal tothe terminal, the function is utilising binaryinputs and outputs. The function can be pro-vided with various 56/64 kbit/s communica-tion modules for fibreoptic or galvanicconnection. For more information about theavailable communication alternatives, seeRemote end data communication.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Binary signal interbaycommunication

ApplicationOne receiving function block for 16 binarysignals and with fast execution time is used toreceive information over the LON bus fromother REx 5xx terminals. The other terminalsmust have a corresponding Event functionblock to send the information. Additional 79receiving blocks with slower execution timeare also available as an option.

Monitoring

Disturbance recorder (DREP)

ApplicationThe disturbance recording function is animportant part of a station monitoring system,which enables the evaluation of differentevents within the power system. The high-performance disturbance recorder can memo-rise up to 10 analogue channels and 48 binarysignals (internal signals to the terminal and/orexternal signals connected to the binaryinputs of the terminal). Any of the recordedanalogue channels and binary signals can beprogrammed to start a recording.

Furthermore, analogue channels are program-mable for over- and under-functions and thebinary signals can start recording on transi-tion from a logical 0 to a logical 1 and viceversa. Pre-fault, post-fault and limit time canbe set in wide ranges. Collection of distur-bance records is possible locally as well asremotely, using HMI software. Evaluation ofthe disturbances can be done in the program,type REVAL.

Event recorder (EVR)

ApplicationAn event recording function is available. Itpresents in a logical order, starting and trip-ping signals that have occurred in the termi-nal. Up to 150 time-tagged events for each ofthe last 10 recorded disturbances are stored.Also internal events, such as setting changes,are stored in the event recorder.

Fault locator (FLC)

Application

An accurate fault locator is an essential com-plement to the line protection. The faultlocator provides distance to the fault togetherwith information about the measuring loopthat has been used in the calculation. Possi-bility of recalculation with changed para-meter settings exists. Information on the last10 disturbances are available.

The fault locator algorithm compensates theeffect of the load currents, the apparent faultresistance and zero sequence mutual imped-ance.

Trip value recorder (TRVAL)

ApplicationInformation on the actual primary and secon-dary phasors of the voltages and currents areavailable in the trip value recorder. The pre-fault and fault values of the applicable volt-ages and currents are recorded with theirphase relations for the last 10 disturbances.

Increased measuring accuracyfor U, I, P, Q

ApplicationTo reach a high accuracy in the measure-ments, a factory calibration of the five currentand the five voltage input transformers ismade.

Metering

Pulse counter logic

ApplicationThe pulse counter function provides the Sub-

station Automation system with the numberof pulses, which have been accumulated inthe terminal during a defined period of time,for calculation of, for example, energy val-ues. The pulses are captured on the Binaryinput module that is read by the Pulse counterfunction. The number of pulses in the counteris then reported via LON to the station HMIor read via SPA as a service value. The nor-mal use for this function is the counting ofenergy pulses for kWh and kVarh in bothdirections from external energy meters.


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Functions (contd)

ABB

Miscellaneous

Activation of active settinggroup (GRP)

ApplicationDifferent system operate conditions requiredifferent settings of protection functionsused. The 500 series terminals have basicallyfour sets of independent setting groups built-in, which contains all setting parameters forall protection-, control- and monitoring func-tions used. The user can change the activesetting group at any time, locally by means oflocal HMI or a personal computer, orremotely by means of SMS and SCS as well

as by activation of the corresponding func-tional inputs to the GRP function. Adaptivechanging of the active setting group is possi-ble by means of the GRP and some otherfunctions, available within the 500 series ter-minals.

DesignThe GRP functional block has four functionalinputs, each corresponding to one of the set-ting groups stored within the terminal. Acti-vation of any of these inputs changes theactive setting group. Four functional outputsignals are available for the configurationpurposes, so that continuous information onactive setting groups is available for differentpurposes.

Dead-line detection (DLD)Note: This function is not separately avail-able. It is an addition to the automatic switch-onto-fault function, the weak-end infeeddetection function and the fuse failure func-tion.

ApplicationDifferent protection, control and monitoring

functions require for their proper operationinformation on the condition of a protectedelement, such as power lines, etc. The DLDfunction detects the conditions of a protectedelement, whether or not it is connected to therest of the power system.

DesignThe function continuously measures all threephase currents and phase voltages of a pro-tected power line. The line is declared as adead (non-energised) line if all three mea-sured currents and voltages fall below the

pre-set values for longer than 200 ms.

The function operates on a phase-segregatedbasis, if single-pole trip logic has beenselected for a particular terminal.

Serial communication

ApplicationOne or two optional optical serial interfaces,one with SPA or IEC 870-5-103 and the otherwith LON protocol, for remote communica-tion, enable the terminal to be part of a Sub-station Control System (SCS) and/orSubstation Monitoring System (SMS). Theseinterfaces are located at the rear of the termi-nal.

Two buses can be built up, one independentof another, each of them with different func-tionalities regarding monitoring and setting ofthe functions in the terminal. Plastic fibrescan be used up to a distance of 30 m (90 ft.).Glass fibres for distances up to 500 m(1500 ft.).

An optical network can be used within theSCS system. This enables communicationwith the terminal through the LON bus fromthe operators workplace and the controlcentre.

The second bus is used for SMS. It caninclude different numerical relays/terminalsfrom the PANORAMA range with remotecommunication possibilities. Connection to apersonal computer (PC) can be made directly(if the PC is located in the substation) or bytelephone modem through a telephone net-work with CCITT characteristics.

Time synchronisation

ApplicationThe terminal has an internal clock, which can

be synchronised by means of a minute pulsethrough a binary input or via the station buscommunication.

Local HMI

ApplicationThe HMI (Human-Machine-Interface) servesas an information unit, presenting in a logicalorder starting and tripping signals that haveappeared during each of the last ten recordeddisturbances.


13/38


Page 13

Functions (contd)

ABB

Furthermore, each of the two local HMI pos-sibilities takes over the functionality of themeasuring instruments such as the A-meter,

V-meter, VAr-meter, W-meter and Hz-meter.The current statuses of all binary input sig-nals and internal logical signals are availabletoo.

Ac/dc measurements

ApplicationThis function provides three-phase or single-phase values of voltage and current. At three-phase measurement, the values of activepower (W), reactive power (var), frequency(Hz) and the mean value for voltage (U) and

current (I) can be calculated.

Alarm limits to be used as conditions in theconfiguration logic can be set. Besides thedirect inputs of voltage and current, analogueinputs for mA signals are also available.

Self-supervision with internalevent recorder

ApplicationThe self-supervision function operates con-tinuously and includes:

- Normal micro-processor watchdogfunction

- Checking of digitized measuring signals

- Checksum verification of PROMcontents

- Checksum verification of types ofsignal communication

- Read-Write-Read-Write cycling of the

memory cells and internal registersThe self-supervision status is available fromthe local HMI or via a SMS or SCS system.

When an internal fault has occurred, you canretrieve extensive information about the faultfrom the list of internal events available in theterminal from SMS or SCS. A time-taggedlist with the date and time of the last 40 inter-nal events is available here.


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Page 14

Functions (contd)

ABB

Remote end datacommunication

ApplicationThe line distance protection terminals areusing the communication facilities below,except the dedicated links, together with theoptional function, binary signal transfer toremote end.

The fibre optical module can communicatewithout additional units over dedicated fibresup to around 30 km. When greater distancesare required to be covered, an externalFOX 20 system, available from ABB Net-work Partner Ltd. (Switzerland), can be used.The FOX 20 works as a repeater in this caseand is optically connected, sending the sig-nals on dedicated fibres. With this configura-tion it is possible to cover distances up to120 km on single-mode fibres. The FOX 20can also operate as a multiplexer, in whichcase a number of 64 kbit/s data channels andRS 232 channel can be transmitted in parallel.

Direct galvanic connection to a multiplexercan be done up to a distance of 100 m. Thebuilt-in interface in these modules can sup-port the CCITT standard V.35/36 contra-directional, X.21 64 kbit/s and EIA RS 530/

544 contra-directional 56 kbit/s communica-tion modes. V.35/36 and RS 530/544 co-directional communication modes can be sup-plied upon request.

The CCITT G.703 can be connected over anoptional RS 530/544 contra-directional toG.703 converter. The distance between theterminal and the converter is limited to10 meters.

When the distance is too great for directgalvanic connection, a short-range opticalmodem is used. The distance can be up to5 km and the optical/galvanic converter candirectly support CCITT standard V.35/36contra-directional as well as X.21 and G.703communication modes.

Direct galvanic communication over twistedpair cable for distances up to 4 km can bedone using the short range galvanic modem.

Fig. 4 Communication alternatives(not applicable for REC 561)

OpticalfibresREx 5xx 21-15X/16X V.35/36 (15X

X.21 (16X)G.703 (16X)

< 5 km

RS 530/422REx 5xx Converter

G.703

< 10 m

(X80039-2

_2)

Opticalfibres

< 30 km

REx 5xx REx 5xx

otherusers

REx 5xx

< 30 km MUX

FOX 20

Opticalfibres

to theother end

Twistedpair cable

< 4 km

REx 5xx REx 5xx

V.35, V.36, X.21, RS530

56/64 kbit/s

REx 5xx

< 100 m

other

users

MUX

Galvanic

to the

other end

Dedicated link, fibre optical connection

Multiplexed link, fibre optical connection

(

X80039-2_

5)

Multiplexed link, galvanic connection

Multiplexed link, short-range fibre optical connec-

tion

(X80039-2_7)

(X80039-2_

6)

Dedicated link, short-range galvanic modem

(X8003

9-2

_4

)

(X80039-2_8)

G.703 con-


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Page 15

ABB

Hardwaredesign

The REx 5xx series mechanical packagingand connecting system consist of a case inwhich printed circuit boards are inserted. The

case is available in different sizes (widths)with the height 6U (265.9 mm). REL 511 isnormally assembled in a case with the width1/2x19". The cover is made of preplated steelsheet, with the different details spot weldedtogether. The outside surfaces are paintedlight beige.

The front plate, which is made of aluminiumprofile, has a cut-out with a local HMImodule.

The degree of protection is IP 40, accordingto IEC 529, for cases with the widths 1/2x19"

and 3/4x19". IP 54, for the front area, can beobtained with accessories for flush and semi-flush mounting.

The REx 5xx series can be flush, 19"-struc-ture or projection mounted with differentmounting kits available. Products assembled

in the 1/2x19" and 3/4x19" cases can also besemi-flush mounted. Two cases 1/2x19" canbe mounted side-by-side for maximum utilis-ing of space in 19" panels. A test switch, typeRTXP, and/or COMBIFLEX modules areadded in separate cases of the same basicdesign as the mechanical packaging of the500 series. These cases, type RHGS, exist insizes 1/4x19" and 1/2x19" and can bemounted by the side of REx 5xx productssmaller than 1/1x19".

All connections are made on the rear of thecases with compression type screw terminal

blocks for electrical connections. Serial com-munication connections are made by fibreoptic connectors type Hewlett Packard(HFBR) for plastic fibres or bayonet type STfor glass fibres.

Hardware modules

Transformer module;

Five current and five voltage input transformers.

Power supply module;

For case size 1/2x19" and 3/4x19", this module includes a regulated DC/DC converter that provides

stabilised auxiliary voltage to all static circuits together with 4 binary inputs and 5 binary outputs.

A/D conversion module;

For 10 analogue signals, operating with a sampling frequency of 2000 Hz.

Main processing module;

All information is processed or passed through this module, such as configuration, settings and

communication.

Signal processing module;

Module with up to 12 digital signal processors, performing all measuring functions.

Binary input/output modules;

Binary I/O module with 8 inputs, 10 outputs and 2 fast signalling outputs.

Binary input module with 16 inputs.

Binary output module with 24 single outputs or 12 double-pole command outputs including super-

vision function.

Analogue input module;

mA input module for 6 analogue channels.

Communication modules;

Module for multiplexed link, galvanic connection. Connector type 25 pin D-sub for V35/36, RS 530/

422 contra-directional or 15 pin D-sub for X.21.

Module for multiplexed link, fibre optical connection. The same module is used for dedicated link, fibre

optical connection ( 30 km). Connector type FC (FC/PC).

Module for multiplexed link, short range fibre optical connection ( 5 km). Connector bayonet type ST.

Module for dedicated link, short range galvanic connection ( 4 km), twisted pair cable. Connection

made on screw terminals.


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Page 16

Hardware design(contd)

ABB

Layout and dimensions

C = 4-10 mm

D = 16.5 mm

E = 187.6 mm without protective cover,

228.6 mm with protective cover

F = 106.5 mm

G = 97.6 mm without protective cover,

138.6 mm with protective cover

Case size A B C D E F G H I J K

6U x 1/2 223.7 205.7 203.7

6U x 3/4 265.9 336 204.1 245.1 255.8 318 190.5 316 227.6

(mm)

Protection cover

96000310

96000309

Mounting angle

96000285

Flush mounting Semi-flush mounting

96000286

Cut-out dimensions

Case size A 1 B 1

6U x 1/2 210.1

6U x 3/4 322.4 259.3

(mm)


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Page 17

ABB

Case size A B C D E

6U x 1/2 292 267.1

6U x 3/4 404.3 379.4 272.8 390 247

(mm)

9 6 0 0 0 2 8 7

96000288

Wall mounting

Side-by-side mounting

Fixing plate

960

00311

96000312


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Page 18

Hardware design(contd)

ABB

Rear view layout

Fig. 5 Rear view of REL 511 (standard case size, 1/2x19)

Terminal connections

Fig. 6 Terminal connection without test switch


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Page 19

ABB

Technical dataTable 1: Energising quantities, rated values and limits

Quantity Rated value Nominal range

Current

Operation range

Permissive overload

Burden

Ir = 1 or 5 A

Ir= 1 or 5 A for I5(0.004-100) Ir4 Ircont.

100 Ir for 1 s*)

< 0.25 VA at Ir

(0.2-30) x Ir

Ac voltage Ph-Ph

Operation range

Permissive overload

Burden

Ur = 100/110/115/120 V

Ur= 200/220/230/240 V

(0.001-1.5) x Ur1.5 Urcont.

2.5 Urfor 1 s

< 0.2 VA at Ur

(80-120) % of Ur

Frequency fr = 50/60 Hz 5 %

Auxiliary dc voltage ELpower consumption

basic terminal

each output relay

power dissipation

RL24 = (24/30)V

RL48 = (48/60)V

RL110 = (110/125)V

RL220 = (220/250)V

EL = (48-250) V

16 W

0.15 W

max. 0.05 W/input

max. 0.1 W/input

max. 0.2 W/input

max. 0.4 W/input

20 %

Binary input/output module

dc voltage RL

power consumption

each I/O-module

each output relay

power dissipation

RL24 = (24/30)V

RL48 = (48/60)V

RL110 = (110/125)V

RL220 = (220/250)V

RL24 = (24/30) V

RL48 = (48/60) V

RL110 = (110/125) V

RL220 = (220/250) V

1.0 W

0.15 W

max. 0.05 W/input

max. 0.1 W/input

max. 0.2 W/input

max. 0.4 W/input

20 %

20 %

20 %

20 %

Binary input module

dc voltage RL

power consumption

each input module

power dissipationRL24 = (24/30)V

RL48 = (48/60)V

RL110 = (110/125)V

RL220 = (220/250)V

RL24 = (24/30) V

RL48 = (48/60) V

RL110 = (110/125) V

RL220 = (220/250) V

0.5 W

max. 0.05 W/input

max. 0.1 W/input

max. 0.2 W/input

max. 0.4 W/input

20 %

20 %

20 %

20 %

Binary output module

power consumption

each output module

each output relay

1.0W

0.25 W


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Page 20

Technical data (contd)

ABB

mA input module

input range

input resistance

power consumption

each mA-module

each mA-input

20 mA

Rin = 194

4 W

0.1 W

Ambient temperature 20 C -5 C to +55 C

Ripple in dc auxiliary voltage max. 2 % max. 12 %

Relative humidity (10-90) % (10-90) %

*) max. 350 A for 1 s when COMBIFLEX test switch included together with the product

I2t = 10 kAs

Table 2: Influencing factors, Permissible influence

Dependence on: Within nominal range Within operative range

Ambient temperature 0.01 % / C Correct function

Ripple in auxiliary dc voltage Negligible Correct function

Interruption in auxiliary dc voltage

without resetting

correct function

restart time

< 50 ms

0 -

< 100 s

< 50 ms

0 -

< 100 s

Table 3: Electromagnetic compatibility tests

Test Type test values Reference standards

1 MHz burst disturbanceFor short-range galvanic modem

For galvanic interface *)

- common mode

- differential mode

2.5 kV2.5 kV

1 kV

0.5 kV

IEC 60255-22-1, Class IIIIEC 60255-22-1, Class III

Class II

Class II

Electrostatic discharge

For short-range galvanic modem


8 kV

8 kV

-

IEC 60255-22-2, Class III

IEC 60255-22-2, Class III

Fast transient disturbance



4 kV

4 kV

1 kV

IEC 60255-22-4, Class IV

IEC 60255-22-4, Class IV

Class II, level 2

Radiated electromagnetic field

disturbance

10 V/m, (25-1000) MHz IEC 60255-22-3, Class III

IEEE/ANSI C37.90.2

*) For FOX6Plus the following modes are not applicable:- V.36/V11 Co-directional according to CCITT

- RS530/RS422 Co-directional according to EIA

Table 4: Insulation tests (reference standard: IEC 60255-5)

Test Type test values

Dielectric test



2.0 kV ac, 1 min

2.5 kV ac, 1 min

1.0 kV ac, 1 min

Impulse voltage test



For other circuits

5 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J

1 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J

5 kV, 1.2/50 s, 0.5 J

Insulation resistance >100 M at 500 V dc

Table 1: Energising quantities, rated values and limits

Quantity Rated value Nominal range


21/38


Page 21


ABB

Table 5: CE-mark

Test Type test values

Immunity EN 50082-2

Emissivity EN 50081-2

Low voltage directive EN 50178

Table 6: Mechanical tests

Test Type test values Reference standards

Vibration Class I IEC 60255-21-1

Shock and bump Class I IEC 60255-21-2

Seismic Class I IEC 60255-21-3

Table 7: Contact data (reference standard: IEC 60255)

Function or quantity Trip and Signal relays Fast signal relays

Max system voltage 250 V ac, dc 250 V ac, dc

Test voltage across open contact, 1 min 1000 V rms 800 V dc

Current carrying capacity

continuous

1 s

8 A

10 A

8 A

10 A

Making capacity at inductive load

with L/R>10 ms

0.2 s

1.0 s

30 A

10 A

0.4 A

0.4 A

Breaking capacity for ac, cos >0.4 250 V/8.0 A 250 V/8.0 A

Breaking capacity for dc with L/R


22/38


Page 22


ABB

Line impedance

Table 10: Serial communication (SPA)

Function Value

Protocol SPA

Communication speed 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 or 38400 bit/s

Slave number 1 to 899

Remote change of active group allowed yes/no

Remote changed of sett ings allowed yes/no

Connectors and optical fibres glass or plastic

Table 11: Serial communication (LON)

Function Value

Protocol LON

Communication speed 1.25 Mbit/s


Table 12: Serial communication (IEC 870-5-103)

Function Value

Protocol IEC 870-5-103

Communication speed 9600, 19200 bit/s


Table 13: ZM1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - Zone impedance measuring elements

Function Value

Operate time

typical

min and max

28ms

Please refer to the separate isochrone diagrams

Min. operate current (10-30) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Resetting ratio typical 105 %

Resetting time typical 40 ms

Output signals start and trip

zone 1-3

zone 4,5

three-phase or single-phase and three-phase

three-phase

Setting accuracy included in the measuring accuracy

Number of zones 3, 4 or 5, direction selectable

Impedance setting range at Ir = 1 A*)

reactive reach

positive-sequence reactance

zero-sequence reactance

resistive reach

positive-sequence resistance

zero-sequence resistance

fault resistance

for phase - phase faults

for phase - earth faults

(0.1-400) /phase in steps of 0.01




(0.1-400) /loop in steps of 0.01


Setting range of timers

for impedance zones (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms


23/38


Page 23


ABB

Static accuracy at 0 and 85

voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Urcurrent range (0.5-30) x Ir

5 %

Static angular accuracy at 0 and 85

voltage range (0.1-1,1) x Urcurrent range (0.5-30) x Ir

5

Max dynamic overreach at 85 measured with

CVTs 0.5 < SIR < 30

5 %

*) Divide specified values by 5 for I r = 5A

Table 14: GFC - General fault criteria

Function Value

General fault criteria (GFC) - impedance setting

range at Ir = 1A *)

reactive reach forward



reactive reach reverse



resistive reach (forward & reverse)

for phase - phase faults

for phase - earth faults

load encroachment

safety load impedance angle








(5-45) in steps of 1

General fault criteria (GFC) - overcurrent setting

range

phase currentsresidual current

(10-400) % of Ir in steps of 1 %(10-150) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Timers for the GFC criteria

for phase measuring

for earth fault measuring

(0-60) s in steps of 1 ms


Phase preference logic:

operate residual current 3I0operate residual voltage 3U0voltage phase selection

phase - phase

phase - earth

cyclic tripping phase preference

non-cyclic tripping phase preference

non-cyclic blocking phase preference

(20-200) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

(30-70) % of Ur in steps of 1 %



L1L3L2, L3L1L2

L1L3L2, L1L2L3, L3L2L1, L3L1L2, L2L1L3, L2L3L1

L1L3L2, L1L2L3, L3L2L1, L3L1L2, L2L1L3, L2L3L1

*) Divide specified values by 5 for Ir = 5A

Table 13: ZM1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - Zone impedance measuring elements

Function Value


24/38


Page 24


ABB

Table 15: PSD - Power swing detection

Function Setting range Accuracy

Impedance setting range at Ir =1A *)

reactive reach, XINresistive reach, RIN

reach multiplication factor

reach multiplication factor



(120-200) % of XIN in steps of 1 %

(120-200) % of RIN in steps of 1 %

Initial PSD timer

Fast PSD timer

Hold timer for activation of fast PSD

timer

Hold timer for PSD detected

Timer overcoming 1ph reclosing dead

time

Timer to time delay block by the residual

current

On delay timer for blocking of outputsignal at very slow swings








Static accuracy at 0 and 85 voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Urcurrent range (0.5-30) x Ir

5 %

Static angular accuracy at 0 and 85 voltage range (0.1-1.1) x Urcurrent range (0.2-30) x Ir

5

*) Divide specified values by 5 for I r = 5A

Table 16: ZCOM, ZC1P - Communication logic - Single- and/or three-phase

Function Setting range

Operational mode Intertrip / Permissive underreach /

Permissive overreach / Blocking

Coordination timersCoordination timer

Minimum send time



Unblocking logic

security timer (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Table 17: ZCAL - Communication additional logic


Weak end infeed trip and echo function

Operate voltage U>

phase measuring elements

residual measuring elements

(50-2000)% of Irin steps of 1%

(50-2000)% of Irin steps of 1%

-

Minimum operate time at I > 10 x Iset max 15 ms

Dynamic overreach at < 100 ms - - < 5 %

Table 22: TOC - Time delayed overcurrent protection


Operate current I>





Time delay



(0-60) s in steps of 1ms


Dynamic overreach at < 100 ms - < 5 %

Table 23: BFP - Breaker failure protection


Operate current

(one measuring element per phase)


Retrip time delay t1 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Back-up trip time delay t2 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Value

Trip operate time max 18 ms

Operate time for current detection max 10 ms


26/38


Page 26


ABB

Table 24: TEF - Time delay earth-fault


Basic current, inverse time delay: 3I0 (5-300) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Selection of E/F protection Non-directional or Directional

Operate value for directional

current measurement

forward 3I0 at = 65

reverse


60 % of the setting for forward

operation

Characteristic angle 65 lagging

Independent time delay (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms 0.5 % 10 ms

Normal inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 5 60 ms

Very inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms

Extremely inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms

Logarithmic characteristic

5 % of t at

I = (1.3-29) x 3I0

Min. operate current for dependent

characteristic IMin (100-400) % of 3I0 in steps of 1 %

tMin for dependent charact. (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Rated voltage Ur

Minimum polarising voltage 1 % of Ur

Operate time Value

Resetting time < 70 ms

Table 25: EFC - Earth-fault communication


Communication scheme None, Permissive, Blocking

Coordination timer (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Table 26: EFCA - Earth-fault communication additional logic


Operate voltage for WEI trip

Current reversal pickup timer

Current reversal delay timer




Table 27: EF4 - 4 Step earth-fault overcurrent protection


Current level for step 1 (50-2500) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Definite time delay for step 1 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms





Current level for step 4 definite time

delay or minimum operate current for

inverse time delay


t 5 8 1 35 lnI

3I0--------,,=


27/38


Page 27


ABB

Voltage


Definite time delay for step 4 or

inverse time additional delay


Basic current for inverse time delay (4-110) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Time multiplier for inverse time delay (0.05-1.10) s in steps of 0.01 s

Inverse time minimum delay (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Operate value for directional

current measurement

forward 3I0 at = 65

reverse


60 % of the setting for forward

operation

Level of harmonic restrain (20 or 32) % of fundamental level

Characteristic angle 65 lagging

Normal inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 5 60 ms

Very inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms

Extremely inverse characteristic k = (0.05-1.1) in steps of 0.01 IEC 255-3 class 7.5 60 ms

Logarithmic characteristic

5 % of t at

I = (1.3-29) x 3I0

Switch onto fault active time (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Rated voltage Ur

Table 27: EF4 - 4 Step earth-fault overcurrent protection


t 5 8 1 35 lnI

3I0--------,,=

Table 28: TUV - Time delayed undervoltage protection


Operate voltage U< (10-100) % of Urin steps of 1%

Time delay (0-60) s in steps of 1ms

Table 29: TOV - Time delayed overvoltage protection


Operate voltage U>


resudual measuring elements

(50-200)% of Urin steps of 1%

(5-100)% of Ur in steps of 1%

Time delayphase measuring elements




Table 30: BRC - Broken conductor check


Operate current

time delay




28/38


Page 28


ABB


Control

Table 31: LOV - Loss of voltage check


Operate voltage U< (10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1%

Table 32: OVLD - Overload supervision


Operate current I>

Time delay



Table 33: CTSU - CT supervision


Operate current I> (5 - 100)% of Ir in steps of 1%

Table 34: FUSE - Fuse failure supervision function


Zero-sequence quantities:

operate voltage 3U0operate current 3I0

(10 - 50)% of Ur in steps of 1%

(10 - 50)% of Ir in steps of 1%

Negative-sequence quantities:

operate voltage 3U2operate current 3I2

(10 - 50)% of Ur in steps of 1%

(10 - 50)% of Ir in steps of 1%

Table 35: SYNX - Synchro-check with phasing and energising check


Synchro check

frequency difference limit

voltage difference limit

phase difference limit

(50-300) mHz in steps of 10 mHz



Energising

voltage level high

voltage level low

auto-energising period

manual energising period

(50-120)% of Ur in steps of 1%

(10-100) % of Ur in steps of 1%



Phasing

slip frequency

breaker closing pulse duration

breaker closing time

(50-500) mHz in steps of 10mHz



Phase shift line - busVoltage ratio Ubus/Uline


(0.20-5.00) in steps of 0.01

Operate time Value

For synchro check function

For energising check function

typical 190 ms

typical 80 ms


29/38


Page 29


ABB

Logic

Table 36: ARxx - Autoreclosing


Number of autoreclosing shots 1 - 4

Number of autoreclosing programs 6

Auto-reclosing open time:

shot 1 - t1 1ph

shot 1 - t1 2ph

shot 1 - t1 3ph

shot 2 - t2 3ph

shot 3 - t3 3ph

shot 4 - t4 3ph




(0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s

(0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s

(0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Reclaim time (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Inhibit reclosing, reset time (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Duration of reclosing pulse (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Synchro-check/Dead line time limit (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 sBreaker closed before start 5 s

Resetting of AR Started after reclosing (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Wait for Master release (0-9000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Table 37: Remote end data communication

Function Value

Data communication between the

terminals

transmission type

data transfer rate

synchronous

56 or 64 kbit/sFor G.703 only 64 kbit/s

Galvanic interface Connection

Interface type V.36/V11 Co-directional

V.36/V11 Contra-directional

X.21/X27

RS530/RS422 Co-directional

RS530/RS422 Contra-directional

G.703

According to CCITT

According to CCITT

According to CCITT

According to EIA

According to EIA

According to CCITT

Connector type D-sub 15 or 25 pins (G.703 screw)

Short-range galvanic modem

Range

Line interface

Connector

Isolation

max 4 km

Balanced symmetrical three-state current loop

5-pin divisible connector with screew connection

Galvanic isolation through optocouplers and isolating DC/DC-

converter

Optical interface

Type of fibre

Graded-index multimode

50/125m Single mode 9/125 m

Optical connector

Wave length

Optical transmitter

injected power

Optical receiver

sensitivity

Transmission distance

Type FC e.g. Diamond HFC-13

1300 nm

LED

-16 dBm

PIN diode

-40 dBm

max 20 km

Type FC-PC, e.g. Diamond

HPC-10

1300 nm

LED

-21 dBm

PIN diode

-40 dBm

max 30 km


30/38


Page 30


ABB

Interface type ABB FOX specific protocol

Short-range fibre optical modem

Transmission distance

Optical fibre

Optical connectors

Optical budget

Interface type

max 5 km

1300 nm, multimode fibre

ST

15dB

Fiberdata specific protocol

Table 38: Trip logic


Tripping action 3-ph, 1/3-ph, 1/2/3-ph

Table 39: PD - Pole discordance, contact based


Auxiliary-contact-based function - time delay (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Table 40: CCHT - Communication channel test logic


Time interval for automatic start of testing

cycle (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Time interval available for successful test of

an external function (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Minimum time interval for repeated tests of an

external function (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Duration of CCHT-CS functional output signal (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Duration of a CCHT-CHOK functional output

signal (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Duration of an inhibit condition after the

CCHT-BLOCK input signal resets (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Table 41: Basic logic

Timers

Function Number Setting range

Timer 10 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Long timer 10 (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Pulse timer 10 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Pulse long timer 10 (0-90000) s in steps of 0.1 s

Logic

Function Number Description

AND 30 4 inputs (1 inverted),2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

OR 60 6 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

XOR 39 2 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

INV 20

SR 5 2 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

Table 37: Remote end data communication

Function Value


31/38


Page 31


ABB

Monitoring

Table 42: Additional logic

Timers

Function Number Setting range

Pulse timer 40 (0-60) s in steps of 1 ms

Logic

Function Number Description

AND 239 4 inputs (1 inverted),2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

OR 159 6 inputs, 2 outputs (inverted and non-inverted)

INV 59

Table 43: DREP - Disturbance recorder


Number of binary signals 0 - 48

Number of analogue signals 0 - 10

Sampling rate 2 kHz

Recording bandwidth (5-250) Hz

Overcurrent triggering (0 - 5000) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Undercurrent triggering (0 - 200) % of Ir in steps of 1 %

Overvoltage triggering (0 - 200) % of Ur in steps of 1 % at 100 V sec

Undervoltage triggering (0 - 110) % of Ur in steps of 1 %

Pre-fault time (10 - 300) ms in steps of 10 ms

Post fault time (100 - 3000) ms in steps of 100 ms

Limit time (500 - 4000) ms in steps of 100 ms

Number of recorded disturbances Max 10 disturbances

Total recording time with 10 analogue and

48 binary signals *) recorded

maximum 40 s

Voltage channels

dynamic range

resolution

(0.01-2.0) x Ur at 100 V sec.

0.1 % of Ur

Current channels

dynamic range

without dc offset

with full dc offset

resolution

(0.01-110) x Ir(0.01-60) x Ir0.5 % of Ir

Built-in calendar for 30 years with leap years

*) The amount of harmonics can affect the maximum storage time

Table 44: Event recorder

Function Value

Time tagging resolution

Event buffering capacity

Max. number of events/disturbance report

Max. number of disturbance reports

Time tagging error with synchronisation once/1s



(minute pulse synchronisation)Time tagging error without synchronisation

1 ms

150

10

1.5 ms

1.5 ms

1.5 ms 3 ms/min


32/38


Page 32


ABB

Table 45: FLC - Fault locator


Distance to fault locator

reach for Ir =1 A in

resistive direction

reactive direction

phase selection

(0 - 1500) /phase

(0 - 1500) /phase

internal

Table 46: mA measuring function


mA measuring function 5, 10, 20 mA

0-5, 0-10, 0-20, 4-20 mA

Max current of transducer to input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

Min current of transducer to input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

High alarm level for input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

High warning level for input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

Low warning level for input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

Low alarm level for input (-25 to +25) mA in steps of 0.01

Alarm hysteresis for input (0 - 20) mA in steps of 1

Amplitude dead band for input (0 - 20) mA in steps of 1

Integrating dead band for input (0 - 1000) mA in steps of 0.01

Table 47: Mean values


Frequency (0.95-1.05) x fr 0.2 HzVoltage (0.1-1.5) x Ur 2.5 % of Urat U Ur

2.5 % of U at U > Ur

Current (0.2-4) x Ir 2.5 % of Ir at I Ir 2.5 % of I at I > Ir

Active power *)

Reactive power *)at |cos | > 0.9

at |cos | 0.8

5 %

7.5 %

*) Measured at Urand 20 % of Ir

Table 48: Mean values with increased accuracy


Frequency (0.95-1.05) x fr 0.2 Hz

Voltage (0.8-1.2) x Ur 0.25 % of Ur at U Ur 0.25 % of U at U > Ur

Current (0.2-2) x Ir 0.25 % of Ir at I Ir 0.25 % of I at I > Ir

Active power *) at |cos | > 0.9

0.8 x Ur < U < 1.2 x Ur0.2 x Ir < I < 2 x Ir

0.5 % of Pr at P Pr*)

0.5 % of P at P >Pr*)

*) Pr active power at U = Ur , I = Ir and |cos |= 1


33/38

Line distance protection terminalABB REL 5111MDB06309-YN

Page 33

Metering

Ordering The standard version of REL 511 is a phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth line distance protec-tion terminal with three impedance measuring zones and separate general fault criteria. Inde-pendent time-delayed phase overcurrent protection is also included in the standard version.

Table 49: Pulse counter for metering


Cycle time for pulse counter (0.5-60) min in steps of 30 s

Basic functions

Self-supervision with internal event recorder

Real-time clock with external time synchronisationFour groups of setting parameters

Local Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Configurable logic

Service value reading

Monitoring of ac analogue measurements

Monitoring of dc analogue measurements

Note: mA input module required

Ordering Number: 1MRK 002 492-AA Quantity:

Includes basic functions and the selected functions and hardware options below

Basic data:

Frequency, fr 50/60 Hz

Dc voltage, EL 48/60/110/125/220/250 V

Basic data to specify:

Ac inputs

1 A, 110 V 1MRK 000 157-MA

5 A, 110 V 1MRK 000 157-NA

1 A, 220 V 1MRK 000 157-VA

5 A, 220 V 1MRK 000 157-WA

Interface dc voltage

24/30 V 1MRK 000 179-EA

48/60 V 1MRK 000 179-AB

110/125 V 1MRK 000 179-BB

220/250 V 1MRK 000 179-CB

Factory configurations

Standard configuration, three pole tripping Quantity:

Standard configuration, single or two pole tripping Quantity:

Customer-specific configuration Quantity:


34/38


Page 34

Ordering (contd)

ABB

Functions;

= function always included

= Optional function

Line impedance

General fault criteria protection, impedance and/or current-based 1MRK 001 456-AA

General fault criteria protection with phase preference logic, impedance

and/or current based 1MRK 001 456-MA

3 zones phase-phase protection 1MRK 001 456-CA

3 zones phase-earth protection 1MRK 001 456-DA

Additional zone 4 protection 1MRK 001 456-FA

Additional zone 5 protection 1MRK 001 456-GA

Power swing detection 1MRK 001 456-LA

Scheme communication logic 1MRK 001 456-NA

Current reversal and weak end infeed logic 1MRK 001 455-PA

Automatic switch onto fault logic 1MRK 001 456-RA

Local acceleration logic 1MRK 001 456-TA

Current, phase wise

Instantaneous phase overcurrent protection 1MRK 001 457-AA

Time-delayed phase overcurrent protection 1MRK 001 457-BA

Breaker failure protection 1MRK 001 458-AA

Current, residual (earth fault)

Instantaneous residual overcurrent protection (non-directional) 1MRK 001 456-VA

Time-delayed residual overcurrent protection (non-directional) 1MRK 001 456-XA

Inverse time residual overcurrent protection (non-directional)

Note: Not selectable in combination with 4-step residual overcurrent

protection and residual directional check and communication logic

1MRK 001 456-YA

Residual directional check, inverse time residual overcurrent protection and

communication logic (directional element)

1MRK 001 456-ZA

4-step residual overcurrent protection (directional and non-directional) 1MRK 001 459-HA

Voltage, phase wise

Time-delayed undervoltage protection 1MRK 001 457-RA

Time-delayed overvoltage protection 1MRK 001 457-GA

Voltage, residual (earth fault)

Time-delayed residual overvoltage protection 1MRK 001 459-FA


Broken conductor check 1MRK 001 457-UA

Loss of voltage check 1MRK 001 457-VA

Overload supervision 1MRK 001 457-FA


Current circuit supervision (current-based) 1MRK 001 457-XA

Fuse failure supervision (Negative sequence) 1MRK 001 457-YA

Fuse failure supervision (Zero sequence) 1MRK 001 457-ZA


35/38


Page 35

Ordering (contd)

ABB

Control

Note: Only one alternative for Command control, Synch-check and Autorecloser can be selected respectively.

Command control (16 signals) 1MRK 001 458-EA

Synchro-check and energising-check, single CB 1MRK 001 458-GA

Synchro-check and energising-check, double CB 1MRK 001 458-FA

Synchro-check with phasing and energising-check, single CB 1MRK 001 458-KA

Synchro-check with phasing and energising-check, double CB 1MRK 001 457-HA

Autorecloser logic, 1 and/or 3 phase, single CB 1MRK 001 458-LA

Autorecloser logic, 1 and/or 3 phase, double CB 1MRK 001 457-KA

Autorecloser logic, 3 phase, single CB 1MRK 001 458-MA

Autorecloser logic, 3 phase, double CB 1MRK 001 457-LA

Logic

Three pole tripping logic 1MRK 001 458-VA

Single or two pole tripping logic 1MRK 001 458-XA

Pole discordance logic (contact based) 1MRK 001 458-UA

Additional configurable logic 1MRK 001 457-MA

Communication channel test logic 1MRK 001 459-NA

Binary signal transfer to remote end

Note: See Communication module alternatives for selecting a comm. module

1MRK 001 458-ZA

Binary signal interbay communication, high speed (protection application) 1MRK 001 455-RA

Monitoring

Disturbance recorder, 40 s 1MRK 001 458-NA

Event recorder 1MRK 001 459-KA

Fault locator 1MRK 001 458-RA

Trip value recorder

Note: This function is already included in the Fault locator, if selected

1MRK 001 458-SA

Increased measuring accuracy for U, I, P, Q 1MRK 000 597-PA

Metering

Pulse counter logic 1MRK 001 458-TA

Hardware options;

Casing

Case size 1/2 x 19" (max. 3 I/O)

1MRK 000 151-FAStandard

3/4 x 19" (max. 8 I/O)

1MRK 000 151-GAOptional

Combined binary input/output and

output modules (max) 3 4

mA input module (max) 1 3

Note: The communication module option, if selected, occupies one I/O position


36/38


Page 36

Ordering (contd)

ABB

I/O modules

8 modules are available in the 3/4 x 19" case and 3 modules are available in the 1/2 x 19" case.

Interface

DC voltage

Quantity Ordering number

Binary input module

(16 inputs)

24/30 V 1MRK 000 508-DA

48/60 V 1MRK 000 508-AA

110/125 V 1MRK 000 508-BA

220/250 V 1MRK 000 508-CA

Binary input/output module *

(8 inputs and 12 outputs)

24/30 V 1MRK 000 173-GA

48/60 V 1MRK 000 173-AB

110/125 V 1MRK 000 173-BB

220/250 V 1MRK 000 173-CB

Binary output module

(24 single outputs or 12 command outputs)

1MRK 000 614-AA

mA input module (6 channels) 1MRK 000 284-AA

Note:*One number input/output module is included.

Remote end data communication module alternatives

Note: Applicable only when function Binary signal transfer to remote

Documents

Line Distance Protection 511