Liquid Forms com

8/8/2019 Liquid Forms com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/liquid-forms-com 1/29

Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Medical Faculty, Medical University ± Sofia

Dr. Rumen Nikolov, PhD

Liquid

dosage forms



Liquid dosage forms are prepared:

(1) by dissolving the active drugsubstance(s) in an aqueous ornonaqueous (e.g. alcohol, ether,glycerin) solvent, (2) by suspendingthe drug in appropriate medium, or

(3) by incorporating the drugsubstance into an oil or waterphases.



Liquid dosage forms can be formulatedin different routes of administration :

Topical administration - lotions orsuspension applied to the skin, eye drops,

nasal drops, ear dropsOral administration (p.o.) - oralsuspension and solution

Parenteral administration -subcutaneous injection (s.c.),intramuscular injection (i.m.)

and intravenous administration (i.v.)



S olution (solutio)

S olutions are prepared bydissolving a solid or liquid drugin distilled water (aqua destillata)

S olutions are intended fortopical, oral, and parenteraladministration. S olutions forlocal administration usually

called lotions



S uspension (suspensio)

A suspension consist of adispersion of relatively coarseparticles, usually in aqueous vehicle.

S uspensions may be formulated fororal and topical administration.

Like solutions, oral suspensions areuseful in children and patients whocannot tolerate a solid dosage form.



D rops (guttae)

D rops are solutions, tinctures

or mixtures of high-potentdrug substances

Drops are prescribed in smallquantity (10 30 g)



D rops are intended to beadministered orally or externally(as eye drops, nasal drops and

ear drops).eye drops (collyrium) : Timolol

nasal (nose) drops : Olynth 0,1%ear drops : Furotalgin



mulsion (emulsio)

Emulsions are two-phasesystems consist of liquid drugsubstances.

They are classfied as:oil-in-water emulsion (O/W)water- in-oil emulsion (W/O)Emulsions can be administered

topically, orally, and I.M.



Liniment (linimentum)

Liniments are milk-like liquids

for topical administration.

Example:C armolis fluidNival



Infusions and decoctions

Infusion (infusum) is a dilutesolution of the readily soluble

constituents of crude drugs (fromthe soft parts of plants).Fresh infusions are prepared by

macerating the drugs for a shortperiod of time (15 min) withboiling water.



D ecoction (decoctum)D ecoctions is an extract of the

water-soluble and heat-stable

constituents of crude drugs (fromthe hard parts of plants) by boilingin water for 30 min, and cooling.

Infusions and decoctions are of short duration (no more than 3

days).



Mixture (mixtura)

Mixtures contain two or moreactive drug substance, dissolved,suspended, or dispersed in asuitable liquid base.

S yrups are added as remedium

corrigens, in quantity of 20 % or30 % of the total volume.

Oral and topical administration





Medical shampooS elected topical formulations

for the treatment of seborrheic

dermatitis are:Nizoral shampooS

elsun shampoo



S terile dosage forms for injection

These forms contain solutions,powder or lyophilized powderready to be dissolve, suspensions,and emulsions. They are packaged

in ampoules, vials, plastic bags,one-point cut ampoules, andprefilled disposable syringes.



10.a) S olutions can be prescribed intwo forms (short or enlarged).in short form the strength of a solution

is expressed as the quantity of solute insufficient solvent to make 100 ml(percentage strength)

Rp/ Sol. Natrii citratis 4% 150 g D.S. Take 1 tablespoon 3times daily.



in enlarged form the total dose of

the active substance, the name of the solvent, and the total volume of the solution are filled in praescriptio

Rp/ Natrii citratis 6 g Aquae destillatae ad 150 g

M.D.S. Take 1 tablespoon3 times daily.

M.D

.S

. = Misce.D

a.S

igna.



10.b)

Rp/ Sol. Iodi spirituosae 5% 100 g D.S. For external use.

11.) Rp./Fl. Tussiroli 140 ml

D. t .d. 1

S. Take 1 teaspoon3 times daily.

D .t.d. = D a tales doses



12.)

Rp/ Infusi radicis Primulae 6 g/180 g Ephedrini hydrochloridi 300 mg Liquoris Ammonii anisati 3 g Natrii benzoatis 3 g Sirupi Althaeae ad 225 g

M. f. mixtura D.S. Take 1 tablespoon

3 times daily.



12.) C alculation of the total dose

of each drug of the mixture:one tablespoon contains 15 ml (g)the total number of doses is equal

to the whole volume of mixture dividedby the volume of the one tablespoon:

225 g : 15 = 15the total dose of each drug substance

is equal to the total number of doses

multiplied by the single dose of the drug



12.)

Ephedrini hydrochloridisingle dose = 20 mgtotal dose = 15 x 20 mg = 300 mg

Liquoris Ammonii anisatisingle dose = 200 mgtotal dose = 15 x 200 mg = 3 g

Natrii benzoatissingle dose = 200 mg

total dose = 15 x 200 mg = 3 g





13.b) D rops

Rp/ Fl. Xylomethazolini 0,1% 10 ml D. t. d. 1 S. Put 2 drops into nose 4 times

daily.



14.) S uspensions

Rp/ Fl. Cefuroxime 25 mg/5 ml D. t. d. 1

S. Take 2 ml every 12 hours.



14.) C alculation of the single doseof C efuroxime axetil for a childwith body weight 10 kg:

-- D aily dose = 10 mg x 10 kg = 100 mg-- The daily dose is divided by 2 equal

applications: 100 mg/2 = 50 mg-- One ml (or 1 division) of suspension

contains 25 mg of C efuroxime orsingle dose = 100 mg/2 mg = 2 ml



15.) Infusions and decoctions

Rp/ Decocti fol. Uvae ursi 10 g/200 g D. S. Take 1 tablespoon

3 times daily.



16)

Rp/ Sol. Lydoli 5% 2 ml D. t. d. 10 in amp. S. One ampule S.C.

Pethidine ± INN (Lydol ® )(Meperidine - USA)



17)

Rp/ Fl. Benzylpenicillini 500 000 UI

D. t. d. 20 S. One vial I.M. every 6 hours,

after dissolving in 5 ml distilled water.



18a) Rp/ Fl. Fentanyli 0,005% 10 ml

D. t. d. 1

S. Injected 2 ml I.M.18b)

Rp/ Fl. Droperidoli 0,25% 10 ml D. t. d. 1 S. Injected 2 ml I.M.

Documents

Liquid Forms com