Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Liquidus surface projection for the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.07.1270925-8388/� 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

⇑ Corresponding author.E-mail address: imiraliyev@rambler.ru (I. Aliyev).

Imir Aliyev ⇑, N.I. Yagubov, Ceyran Veliyev, Ali Riza KulInstitution of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:Received 2 April 2014Received in revised form 2 July 2014Accepted 8 July 2014Available online 28 August 2014

Keywords:Quasi-binaryIncongruentlyEutecticNonvariant

The CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system was studied by differential-thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffrac-tion, and microstructure examination and also by microhardness and density measurements. Severalpolythermal and isothermal sections and the liquidus surface projection were constructed. Fourteenprimary crystallization fields, including those of the ternary compounds CaInTe2 and CaIn2Te4. In thequasi-ternary system CaTe–In–Te were found, and the types and coordinates of nonvariant andmonovariant equilibriums were determined. The CaInTe2 compound crystallizes in the orthorhombiccrystal system with the unit cell parameters: a = 9.87; b = 8.38; c = 11.48 Å, Z = 7, qpic. = 4.95� 10�3 kg/m3;qrent. = 5.04 � 10�3 kg/m3 and compound CaIn2Te4 melts congruently at 1123 K and crystallizes in thetetragonal crystal system with the cell parameters: a = 8.42; c = 7.14 Å, spatial group – 14/msm,qpic. = 5.12 � 10�3 kg/m3, qrent. = 5.20 � 10�3 kg/m3.

� 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction

It is known, that among the materials, in optoelectronics, photoreceivers lasers and luminophores the compounds and solid solu-tions on the basis of the chalcogenides of the calcium subgroupelements occupy the important place [1–8].

From this point of view a study of chemical interaction inCaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system has both scientific and practicalsignificance. It is very important to develop the physico-chemicalbases of multi-component phases with a complex physical proper-ties, a wide study of appropriate phases diagrams.

In earlier works [10–15] we have studied some quasi-binaryand nonquasi-binary section in CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system.However projection was plotted not for total liquids surface of thissystem. The purpose of present work is to plot the liquids surfaceprojection of CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system and to determinecrystallization regions of existed phases as well as coordinates ofmono- and nonvariant equilibria.

This liquidus was constructed based on phase equilibria in bin-ary systems constituting the ternary system, and on a number ofexperimentally studied internal sections, the brief characteristicsof which are given below.

1.1. Review of the boundary binary systems

1.1.1. The In–Te system [16]The In–Te system is quasi-binary; indium with tellurium forms

seven compounds In2Te, In4Te3, InTe, In3Te4, In2Te3, In3Te5 and In2-

Te5. The compounds InTe and In2Te melt congruently at 969 K and940 K, respectively, and the compounds In2Te, In4Te3, In3Te4 In3Te5

and In2Te5 melt incongruently at 728, 735, 863, 898 and 740 K. Thecompound In2Te3 is an isoelectronic structural analog of InS. Thiscompound melts congruently at 940 K and exists in two poly-morphs [16]. The low-temperature modification melts at 890 Kand crystallizes in cubic symmetry with lattice a = 18.40 Å (Z = 4,spatial group F43m � T2

d, q = 5.78 � 10�3 kg/m3) [17]. In the system,at 700 K and 922 eutectics crystallizes with the compositions 88 at.%Te and 46 at.% Te. The InTe compound melts congruently at969 K [18] and crystallizes in tetragonal symmetry with latticea = 8.437 Å, c = 7.139 Å (Z = 8, spatial group I4/mmc�D18

4h,q = 6.29 � 10�3 kg/m3) [19].

1.1.2. The Ca–Te system [20]The phase diagram of the Ca–Te system is not yet fully studied.

Presumably, the compound Ca2Te3, as CaTe2, melts incongruentlyat �1243 K and 1173 K [20,21].

In purpose to build a fully liquidus surface projection quasi-ternary system CaTe–In–Te we have studied the phase diagramCaTe–Te. It was established that the system produces twocompounds Ca2Te3, as CaTe2, and melts incongruently at 1253 Kand 1173 K, respectively.

320 I. Aliyev et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324

The compound CaTe melts congruently at 1783 K and crystal-lizes in cubic symmetry with lattice a = 6.358 Å [20].

2. Experimental

2.1. Syntheses and analyses

Alloys in the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system were produced in ampoulemethod in a single-zone furnace from addition alloys synthesized from constituentelements taken in stoichiometric rations. The synthesis was carried out from ele-ments Ca – 99,98; tellurium Te – 99,9998 and In – 99,999; taking in stoichiometricratio. Reaction of calcium with chalcogenides results in powerful exothermicprocess. The cracks are formed in the matter field section of quartz ampoule andsometimes explosion is observed.

The CaTe compound was synthesized as follows: after taking in a stoichiometricproportion the calcium and tellurium elements were inserted into a quartzampoule, then were sucked up to 0.133 Pa and closed. The temperature was raisedup to 473 K during synthesis and kept for one day. Further CaTe was synthesizedthrough shaking during two days by increasing temperature up to 773 K. The syn-thesis was finally fulfilled during 3 h by increasing temperature up to 1470 K. Aftersynthesis an ampoule was broken, the sample was crumbled and given a tabletshape under 200 atm. pressure. The next solid phase synthesis was carried out at1073 K temperature during 4 days. Thus, the obtained CaTe compound was usedin the synthesis of alloys of CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system.

Then the alloys were exposed a homogenizing annealing for 400 h at 20 lowerof final crystallization temperature. Investigation of the present quasi-ternarysystem was carried out by the methods of the physico-chemical analysis: differen-tial-thermal (DTA) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and microstructureexamination (MSA) and by microhardness and density measurements. Thermalcurves were recorded on an ‘‘Termoscan-2’’ low-frequency temperature recorderat a heating rate of 10 K/min.

Measurement of the temperature of phase transformations carried out by thecombined chromel alumel-thermocouples. Heating and cooling of the alloys wascarried out in tubular electrical resistance furnaces. To regulate the temperaturemeasurement for a given program the voltage supply to the furnace was carriedout gear. In the furnace insert special massive stainless steel with symmetricallydrilled recesses in order to more uniform heat flow.

Removing thermograms were carried out in a vacuum. Alloys investigated sys-tems, precooked and annealed in evacuated sealed quartz vessels Stepanova, wasplaced in the hole of a steel block. Benchmark served Al2O3. Pyrometer graded onthe melting temperature and the polymorphic transformation of indium, thallium,lead, antimony, silver and copper.

X-ray powder diffraction patterns were recorded on a ‘‘D2 PHASER’’ diffractom-eter (Cu Ka radiation). The microhardness was measured with a ‘‘Thixomet. Smart-Drive’’ microhardness meter under loads chosen by studying the microhardness ofeach of the phases. The microstructure of the alloys was examined with an MIM-8microscope. The etchant used was 10 mL conc. HNO3: 5 mL H2O2 = 1: 1; the etchingtime was 20 s.

The density of the alloys was determined pycnometrically with toluene as afiller.

mol %

1783

700

1900

1300

1500

900

T,K

500

1700

20 40 60 80 CaTe InTe

α+CaInTe2

L

α

β+CaInTe2

L+CaInTe2

L+β

βL+α

963

913

969

1100

Fig. 1. Phase diagram of the InTe–CaTe section.

3. Results and discussion

For plotting the liquidus surface projection of the quasi-ternaryCaTe–In–Te system together state diagrams of the rolling binarysections following cuts: InTe–CaTe, In2Te3–CaTe, In–CaTe,Te–CaIn2Te4, InTe–CaIn2Te4, CaInTe2–CaIn2Te4 and In–CaInTe2

were investigated.Plotting the liquidus surface projection of the ternary system

was realized on the grounds of the dates on phase equilibriumsin binary and ternary systems of prime importance are quasi-binary ones. O The most interesting are the InTe–CaTe and In2Te3–CaTe because the ternary compounds CaInTe2 and CaIn2Te4 areformed in these systems.

The other quasi-binary sections are In–CaTe, Te–CaIn2Te4, poly-hedral sections, and the InTe–CaIn2Te4 eutectic section. The otherCaInTe2–CaIn2Te4 and In–CaInTe2 systems are nonquasi-binary.Using these quasi-binary sections, the quasi-ternary InTe–CaTesystem can be triangulated into five autonomous subsystems.

3.1. Quasi-binary sections

3.1.1. The InTe–CaTe section [9]The data obtained by above-mentioned methods of physico-

chemical analyses were used to construct the phase diagram ofthe InTe–CaTe section (Fig. 1). The phase diagram of the sectionis a quasi-binary of the eutectic type. One chemical compound,CaInTe2, formed in the section, melts incongruently at 963 K.

The investigation of the microstructure of alloys showed that allof them are two phases. One phase for the alloys near the startingcomponents and the alloy with 50 mol% CaTe. In the InTe–CaTesection, the solubility at room temperature on the basis InTereaches 3 mol% CaTe, and on the basis of CaTe, it reaches 2 mol%CaTe. To validate the DTA and microstructural analysis data, thealloys were characterized by XRD.

XRD examination showed that the diffraction peaks interplanarspacings in the XRD pattern of the new phase differed from thoseof the constituent tellurides. Thus, the present XRD data confirmthat in a 1:1 mixture of InTe and CaTe a chemical compound yieldswith the composition CaInTe2 (Fig. 2). It is evident from Fig. 2 thatthe diffraction peaks revealed in the X-ray diffraction patterns ofthe mentioned compound differ from the diffraction peaks of thestarting compounds.

The CaInTe2 compound crystallizes in the orthorhombiccrystal system with the unit cell parameters: a = 9.87; b = 8.38;c = 11.48 Å, Z = 7, qpic. = 4.95� 10�3 kg/m3; qrent. = 5.04� 10�3 kg/m3.The interplanar spacings (d, Å), hkl indices, and relative peakintensities in the XRD pattern of the CaInTe2 compound arepresented in Table 1.

Liquidus of the InTe–CaTe section restricts by monovariantcurves CaInTe2, b-solid solution, on the base CaTe and a-solid solu-tion, abstained on the base InTe. The composition of the doubleeutectics, formed between InTe and CaTe in the system 15 mol%CaTe, at melting temperature – 913 K.

3.1.2. The In–CaTe section [10]Alloys of In–CaTe section synthesized from ligatures In and

CaTe in evacuated quartz ampoules in one furnace temperaturein the temperature range 600–1500 K. The alloys rich In, gray,the other black. To homogenize samples annealed alloys for300 h at 420 K.

Character of the interaction in the cut In–CaTe was studiedmethods physical–chemical analysis and its phase diagram wasbuilt (Fig. 3). It was established, that the state diagram of the sys-tem is quasi-binary, of the simple eutectic–type. At room temper-ature in the system on the base of CaTe solubility is 3.5 mol% In,

Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns for InTe–CaTe alloys containing 1 – InTe, 2 – CaInTe2 (compound), 3 – CaTe.

Table 1The interplanar spacings (d, Å), hkl indices, and relative peak intensities in the XRDpattern of the CaInTe2.

No. Irei 2h dobs. (Å) dcalc (Å) 1/d2obs. 1/d2

calc. hkl

1 25 7.70 11.4859 11.4783 0.00758 0.00759 0012 20 9.00 9.8250 9.8200 0.01035 0.01037 0103 25 12.84 6.8941 6.7728 0.0210 0.0218 1014 15 13.06 5.8460 5.7448 0.0293 0.0303 0025 20 20.68 4.3022 4.2718 0.0540 0.0548 1126 18 21.20 4.1907 4.1908 0.0569 0.0568 0207 63 25.36 3.5119 3.4815 0.0811 0.825 0138 75 27.00 3.3003 3.2827 0.0918 0.0928 1139 86 27.30 3.2666 3.2738 0.0937 0.0933 300

10 100 31.04 2.8807 2.8700 0.1206 0.1214 00411 65 33.00 2.7143 2.7156 0.1357 0.1356 01412 18 33.80 2.6382 2.6162 0.1437 0.1461 13113 55 38.26 2.3523 2.3583 0.1807 0.1798 41014 12 42.00 2.1511 2.1472 0.2161 0.2169 11515 25 44.90 2.0187 2.0170 0.2454 0.2458 14116 50 46.36 1.9582 1.9681 0.2605 0.2587 50017 33 48.34 1.8828 1.8804 0.2821 0.2828 30518 20 51.00 1.7485 1.7447 0.3271 0.3285 31419 11 57.00 1.6174 1.6177 0.3824 0.3822 107

400

L+In

L+α

α In + α

900

500

700

1500

1100

L

1300

1700

1900 T,K

423

1783

In 20 40 60 80 CaTe mol %

Fig. 3. Phase diagram of the In–CaTe section.

T,K

I. Aliyev et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324 321

but on the In the region of solid solution was not established.Liquidus of the system restricts by monovariant curves a-solidsolution, obtained on the base of CaTe and In.

~ ~

L

L+CaTe

1000

1783

2100

1400

1200

1000975

840800

600

900

L+γ L+ γ

γ+ CaTe 800β+γ

α+γ

α+βα

β

In2Te3 25 50 75mol %

γL+β

CaTe

Fig. 4. Phase diagram of the In2Te3–CaTe section.

3.1.3. The In2Te3–CaTe section [11]On the base of the physico-chemical analysis results of the

phase diagram of the In2Te3–CaTe section was constructed (Fig. 4).The phase diagram on the In2Te3–CaTe cut is quasi-binary sec-

tion of the quasi-ternary system CaTe–In–Te. The system observesexistence of the compound with composition CaIn2Te4. CompoundCaIn2Te4 melts congruently at 1123 K. The liquidus of theIn2Te3–CaTe cut consists of primary crystallization b-solid solutionon the base In2Te3, CaIn2Te4 and CaTe. The coordinates of theeutectic points: composition �12 mol% CaTe, and 70 mol% CaTe,melting temperature 898 and 998 K, correspondingly. Phase passesa M b treats to eutectic type and conforms to temperature 800 K.The XRD pattern of the compound CaIn2Te4 are shown in Fig. 5.The compound CaIn2Te4 crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal sys-tem with the cell parameters: a = 8.42; c = 7.14 Å, spatial group –14/msm, qpic. = 5.12 � 10�3 kg/m3, qrent. = 5.20 � 10�3 kg/m3. Theinterplanar spacings (d, Å), hkl indices, and relative peak intensi-ties in the XRD pattern of the CaIn2Te4 compound are presentedin Table 2.

Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction of compound CaIn2Te4.

500

L+Te

L+α

α

Te + α

Te 20 40 60 80 CaIn2Te4

mol %

800

600

700

1100

900

L 1000

1200

T,K

1123

723 673

Fig. 6. Phase diagram of the Te–CaIn2Te4 section. s – Biphasic, d – single phase.

InTe 20 40 60 80 CaIn2Te4

mol %

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

713

α + β

α β

L+ β L+ α

L

1123

T,K

Fig. 7. Phase diagram of the InTe- CaIn2Te4 section. s – Biphasic d – single phase.

673

873

1073

1273

1473

1673

T,K

17831873

693

1173 1253

L+CaTe

L+Ca2Te3

L

L+CaTe2

e+C

a 2T

e 3

Te 2

+C

a 2T

e 3

322 I. Aliyev et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324

3.1.4. The Te–CaIn2Te4 section [12]On the base of the physico-chemical analysis results in the

system Te–CaIn2Te4 the chemical interaction was studied. Itsphase diagram was plotted and it was established a quasi-binarytype of this system. The state diagram of the system is a simpleeutectic-type (Fig. 6). The composition of the eutectics, formed inthe system Te–CaIn2Te4 �20 mol% CaIn2Te4 but melting tempera-ture is �673 K. On the base of the compound CaIn2Te4 at roomtemperature in the system solubility is 5 mol% Te the region ofthe Te solid solution was found.

The liquidus of the system Te–CaIn2Te4 consists of two curves,corresponding to primary isolation of the a-solid solution, on thebase of CaIn2Te4 and Te.

3.1.5. The InTe–CaIn2Te4 section [13]The phase diagram of the cut InTe–CaIn2Te4 was built and it

was established, that this system is quasi-binary of the simpleeutectic type (Fig. 7). On the base of the initial components inthe system it was exposed to solubility in restrictive region. Toclarify the boundaries of the solid solutions based on CaIn2Te4 syn-thesized alloys containing 3, 5, 10 and 12 mol.% InTe. The alloysannealed at 500 K and 700 K for 330 h and then quenched in icewater. In these alloys, microstructural analysis was carried out.The result found that the solubility-based CaIn2Te4 at room tem-perature up to 10 mol.% InTe, but on the base InTe �5 mol% CaIn2Te4

(Fig. 7). For other regions the solid solutions are also defined.The composition of double eutectics, formed in the system

45 mol% CaIn2Te4, and melts at 713 K.

3.1.6. The Te–CaTe sectionPhase relation in the Te–CaTe system has been studied using

differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and microstructuralanalysis and its T–x phase diagram has been mapped out. TheTe–CaTe system is a quasi-binary (Fig. 8). In the system, two com-pounds Ca2Te3 and CaTe2 form and melt incongruently at 1253 Kand 1173 K, respectively [20,21]. Author of work indicates thatcompound Ca2Te3 melts at 1243 K but did not specify the meltingcharacter [21].

In our data, both compounds melt incongruently at 1253 K and1173 K. The compound CaTe2 forms a eutectic with Te which

Table 2The interplanar spacings (d, Å), hkl indices, and relative peak intensities in the XRDpattern of the CaIn2Te4.

No. Irei (%) 2h dobs. (Å) dcalc (Å) hkl

1 1000 24.94 3.5691 3.5714 0022 60 27.16 3.2801 3.2880 1023 140 28.58 3.1204 3.0628 1124 180 31.96 2.8006 2.8072 3005 80 36.24 2.4776 2.4953 3116 140 37.76 2.3823 2.3804 0037 80 40.62 2.2200 2.2195 3218 600 42.42 2.1302 2.1349 3129 40 44.88 2.0203 2.0191 401

10 80 48.96 1.8602 1.8592 22311 30 51.16 1.7856 1.7854 00412 50 59.08 1.5640 1.5636 520

473

CaTC

aTe+CaTe2

Te 20 40 60 80 CaTemol %

Fig. 8. Phase diagram of the Te–CaTe section.

contains 6 mol% CaTe2 and melts at 693 K. Thus the data are ingood agreement with the data of [21].

3.2. Nonquasi-binary sections

3.2.1. The CaInTe2–CaIn2Te4 section [14]In the system CaInTe2–CaIn2Te4 chemical interaction was stud-

ied and its state diagram was plotted (Fig. 9). The state diagram of

1300

CaInTe2 20 40 60 80 CaIn2Te4

T,K

L+ CaTe

L

1700

L+ α 1100

500

700

900

1500

773α

L+ CaTe

CaInTe2+α

L+CaTe+α

1553

Fig. 9. Phase diagram of the CaInTe2–CaIn2Te4 section.

L+In

L+In+CaTe

L

1300

1700

L + CaTe

1500

L+ CaInTe2 +CaTe

900

400

500

700

1100

In+ CaInTe2

413

963

In 20 40 60 80 CaInTe2

mol %

1553

T,K

Fig. 10. Phase diagram of the In–CaInTe2 section.

Table 3Monovariant and invariant equilibria in the CaTe–In–Te system.

No. Monovariantand invariantequilibria

Reactions Temperature (K)

1 e1E L M CaTe2 + Te 693–6482 e2E1 L M In2Te5 + Te 700–5833 E1e3E L M CaIn2Te4 + Te 583–673–6484 EP3 L M CaTe2 + CaIn2Te4 648–8585 E1P4 L M In2Te5 + CaIn2Te4 583–6586 P4P5 L M In3Te5 + CaIn2Te4 658–7337 P3P2 L M Ca2Te3 + CaIn2Te4 858–9538 P2e4P1 L M CaTe + CaIn2Te4 953–1000–8939 P1p1P9 L M CaTe + CaInTe2 893–963–403

10 P1E2 L M CaIn2Te4 + CaInTe2 893–66311 E2e8P4 L M InTe + CaInTe2 663–913–65812 E2e5E3 L M InTe + CaIn2Te4 663–713–72313 E3e7 L M InTe + In3Te4 723–92214 p6P6 L M In2Te3 + In3Te4 863–81315 E3 P6 L M CaIn2Te4 + In3Te4 723–81316 P6e6P5 L M In2Te3 + CaIn2Te4 813–900–73317 p5P5 L M In2Te3 + In3Te5 898–73318 p4P4 L M In3Te5 + In2Te5 740–65819 p3P3 L M Ca2Te3 + CaTe2 1173–85820 p2P2 L M Ca2Te3 + CaTe 1243–95321 p7P7 L M In4Te3 + InTe 735–59822 p8P8 L M In4Te3 + In2Te 728–56823 P7P8 L M In4Te3 + CaInTe2 598–56824 e9E4 L M In + In2Te 413–39825 E4e10P9 L M In + CaTe 398–418–40326 P1 L + CaTe M CaInTe2 + CaIn2Te4 89327 P2 L + CaTe M Ca2Te3 + CaIn2Te4 95328 P3 L + Ca2Te3 M CaTe2 + CaIn2Te4 85829 P4 L + In3Te5 M In2Te5 + CaIn2Te4 65830 P5 L + In2Te3 M In3Te5 + CaIn2Te4 73331 P6 L + In2Te3 M In3Te4 + CaIn2Te4 81332 P7 L + InTe M In4Te3 + CaInTe2 59833 P8 L + In4Te3 M In2Te + CaInTe2 56834 P9 L + CaTe M In + CaInTe2 40335 E L M CaTe2 + CaIn2Te4 + Te 64836 E1 l M In2Te5 + CaIn2Te4 + Te 58337 E2 L M CaInTe2 + CaIn2Te4 + InTe 66338 E3 L M In3Te4 + CaIn2Te4 + InTe 72339 E4 l M In + CaTe + In2Te 39840 e1 l M CaTe + Te 69341 e2 L M In2Te5 + Te 70042 e3 L M CaIn2Te4 + Te 67343 e4 L M CaIn2Te4 + CaTe 100044 e5 L M CaIn2Te4 + InTe 71345 e6 L M CaIn2Te4 + In2Te3 90046 e7 L M InTe + In3Te4 92247 e8 L M CaInTe2 + InTe 91348 e9 L M In + In2Te 41349 e10 L M CaTe + In 41850 p1 L + CaTe M CaInTe2 96351 p2 L + CaTe M Ca2Te3 124352 p3 L + Ca2Te3 M CaTe2 117353 p4 L + In3Te5 M In2Te5 740

I. Aliyev et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324 323

the system is practically quasi-binary and accompanies by eutecticand peritectic transformation. The region of the solid solution,formed on the base of the CaIn2Te4 compound is 7 mol% CaInTe2.The composition of the double eutectics, formed in this system�20% CaInTe2, the temperature �903 K. As a result of combinedinfluence of the liquid and CaTe, below the solidus line isolate crys-tals of the CaInTe2. By the interpretation of the different phasemonovariant crystallization in the system in373 K isotherms weredrawn.

54 p5 L + In2Te3 M In3Te5 89855 p6 L + In2Te3 M In3Te4 86356 p7 L + InTe M In4Te3 73557 p8 L + In4Te3 M In2Te 728

3.2.2. The In–CaInTe2 section [15]By the methods of physico-chemical analyses the system

In–CaInTe2 was investigated and its phase diagram was plotted(Fig. 10). The phase diagram of this system is practically quasi-binary. Observes by eutectic and peritectic transformation.Combined crystallization of the In and CaInTe2 components corre-sponds to the composition 5 mol% CaInTe2. Peritectic transforma-tion occurs at 413. On the base of the initial components in thesystem of the solid solution practically is not found.

3.3. The liquids surface of the CaTe–In–Te system

The liquidus of the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system consists ofthe regions primary crystallization of the 14 phases: 1 – CaTe,2 – In, 3 – In2Te, 4 – In4Te3, 5 – CaInTe2, 6 – InTe, 7 – In3Te4,

8 – In2Te3, 9 – In3Te5, 10 – CaIn2Te4 11 – In2Te5, 12 – Te, 13 – CaTe2,14 – Ca2Te3 and 15 – the region of the stratification.

The CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system at the expense of quasi-binary section separates on below following subordinate triangles:CaTe–In–InTe, CaTe–InTe–In2Te3, InTe–CaIn2Te4–In2Te3, CaTe–In2Te3–Te and CaTe–CaIn2Te4–Te. In Table 3 the reaction of themonovariant and nonvariant the quasi-ternary system CaTe–In–Te were presented. In the liquidus surface projection the mostextensive crystallization region envelop the phases CaTe andCaIn2Te4. In the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system 14 of the

p8

In2Te p7

In4Tee3

InTe

In3Te4

P1

p1

e7

m1

m2

e9 e10

E4

In

P6

E

CaTe

E2

e1

e2

e3

Te

S1 S2

e4

2

P9

e8

S1-CaInTe2

S2-CaIn2Te4

1673

1573

1473

1373

12731123

1073

873

773

Ca2Te3 CaTe2 p2 p3

E3

p4

P4

P5

P2 P3

e6

In2Te3

In3Te5

In2Te5

p5

15

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

14

10

13 12

p6

In

e10 e9

e8 p1

E4

P9

E1

P7

P8

973e5

Fig. 11. Liquidus surface projection of the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system.Primary crystallization regions: 1 – CaTe, 2 – In, 3 – In2Te, 4 – In4Te3,5 – CaInTe2, 6 – InTe, 7 – In3Te4, 8 – In2Te3, 9 – In3Te5, 10 – CaIn2Te4, 11 – In2Te5,12 – Te, 13 – CaTe2, 14 – Ca2Te3 and 15 – delamination.

324 I. Aliyev et al. / Journal of Alloys and Compounds 619 (2015) 319–324

nonvariant processes occur, five of which (E–E4) are ternary eutec-tics, and nine ternary peritectics (P1–P9).

The triangulation of the ternary CaTe–In–Te quasi-systemtogether with phase diagrams of the lateral systems is given inFig. 11. The CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system is characterized byfour quasi-binary InTe–CaTe, In–CaTe, CaTe–In2Te3, Te–CaIn2Te4

and two practically nonquasi-binary section.By coprocessing of the data obtained, the liquidus surface pro-

jection of the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system was constructed(Fig. 11).

4. Conclusions

Liquidus surface projection for the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternarysystem was constructed based on phase equilibria in binarysystems constituting the ternary system, and on a number of

experimentally studied internal sections. In the liquidus surfaceprojection the most extensive crystallization region envelop thephases CaTe and CaIn2Te4. In the CaTe–In–Te quasi-ternary system14 of the nonvariant processes occur, five of which (E–E4) areternary eutectics, and nine ternary peritectics (P1–P9).

It was found that the CaInTe2 compound crystallizes in theorthorhombic crystal system with the unit cell parameters:a = 9.87; b = 8.38; c = 11.48 Å, Z = 7, qpic. = 4.95 � 10�3 kg/m3;qrent. = 5.04 � 10�3 kg/m3 and compound CaIn2Te4 melts congru-ently at 1123 K and crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal systemwith the cell parameters: a = 8.42; c = 7.14 Å, spatial group – 14/msm,qpic. = 5.12 � 10�3 kg/m3, qrent. = 5.20 � 10�3 kg/m3.

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