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Living On The Land: Stewardship for Small Acreages
Presented by Ron Noll
Prairie Heights Ag Science Instructor Purdue Extension Small Farms Team
MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
Small Farms Curriculum
Machinery & Equipment
• Selection
• Reconditioning
• Maintenance
• Operation
• Safety
•Vegetables
•Fruit
•Hay
•Flowers
•Horses
•Goats
•Cattle
•Poultry
What do you need? Livestock
What do you need?
Crops
Tractor
Mower
Baler
Wagon
Tillage
More Questions • Capacity
More Questions • Maneuverability
How do I Obtain What I Need? • Rent- Pay someone to use what they own
• Rental Places
• Equipment Dealers
• Neighbors
•Lease- Make set payments over a period of time,
buyout at the end
Tax benefits??
•Purchase
New or Used? • New
– Pros: More reliable, Warranty
– Cons: Expensive, Depreciation
• Used – Pros: Less expensive
– Cons: Not as reliable
Handout
JD 3720
43 HP
JD 3032E 32 Horsepower
JD 2520 27 Horsepower
JD LA 145 22 HP
JD 4320 48 HP
Financing • Bank
• Dealer
• Farm Credit Services
- Standard
-Promotional rates
-John Deere 3000 & 4000 series 0% 60 months
-Kubota - 0 down, 0%, 48 months
-$10,000 – $50,000 loan 7.8 % interest
What is good used equipment? • Looks
• Hours
• Tires
- Dents - Leaks - Rust
1974 Massey 135 $5500
• Dealers
Where should I look?
• Shop Around!
- Yellow pages - Talk to neighbors/local farmers
Where should I look? • Farm Auctions
- Do your homework!!
• Classifieds
- Categories
• Dealer Ads
- Newspapers •Indiana Agri-news
•Farmworld
•Farmer’s Exchange
Where should I look?
• Magazines/internet - Tractor House www.TractorHouse.com - Fastline Publications www.Fastline.com
• Farm Magazines - Prairie Farmer
Do you want a fixer-upper? • Do you enjoy working on equipment?
- Project with the kids?
• Time
• Knowledge
Determine what repairs are needed • Is it an easy fix? - Engine
- Tires - Transmission
- Oil - Fuel leaks - Hydraulics - Paint
Other questions to ask yourself • Is the cost to recondition worth it for the use it will
endure?
• How much money/time will it require?
Why Maintain Equipment? • Fewer Breakdowns
• Proper maintenance extends the life and helps the equipment hold its value
• Less Operator Risk
• Service Schedule - Owners manual
Tractor care and upkeep • Oil changes
- How often does the oil get changed?
- Refer to owners manual
- What kind of oil to use - Oil filter
Tractor care and upkeep • Dispose of used oil properly
- Recycle - Some farms - County Highway garages - Store in jugs or buckets
Tractor care and upkeep • Grease and lubrication
- Service section of owners manual
Tractor care and upkeep • Repairs
- Belts - Batteries
- Tires
- Bearings
- Hoses
Tractor care and upkeep • Hydraulics
- Oil reservoir
- Hydraulic filter
- Check Oil - Use proper oil - Not the same as engine oil
- Operating by the flow of liquid, such as oil. - High pressures of 1500-2500 PSI
- Maintain hoses
Hydraulic System
Pump
Hydraulic lines
Control valves (manual & solenoid)
Cylinders
Coupling
Motors
Tractor care and upkeep • Cleaning
Other equipment upkeep • Lubrication
• Repairs
• Cleaning
Operation
Safety Experience
♥
♥
♥ ♥
♥♥
♥
♥
2006 - Purdue documented the lowest number of farm-related fatalities ever recorded.
2006 Farm Work Related Fatalities
• Date County Age Sex Description of Incident • 2/7 LaGrange 58 M Trampled by bull in pen • 5/16 Adams 43 F Migrant worker van, collision with semi truck
• 5/16 Adams 36 M Migrant worker van, collision with semi truck
• 6/26 Elkhart 3 F Fell off and run over by horse-drawn wagon
• 8/25 Perry 76 M Tractor overturn while rotary mowing • 9/6 Lawrence 80 M Tractor ran over dismounted operator • 12/17 Henry 39 M Vehicle collision with farm tractor and trailer
• 12/17 Henry 60 F Vehicle collision with farm tractor and trailer
2005 Farm Work Related Fatalities
• Date County Age Sex Description of Incident • 2/7 Boone 40 M Operator of tractor in collision with truck • 2/25 Blackford 43 F Passenger in van, collision with farm feed truck • 4/6 Owen unk M Trapped under sickle bar mower and tractor • 4/18 Randolph 54 F Bystander run over by tractor • 5/4 Carroll 63 F Passenger in car, collision with field cultivator • 5/30 Dekalb 75 M Buried under soybeans outside of bin door • 6/1 Marion 55 M Explosion during equipment repair • 6/21 La Grange 54 M Operator fell off tractor, run over by mower • 7/6 Jay 15 M Tractor overturn , moving bale • 7/16 Bartholomew 54 M Fell hitching livestock trailer • 8/8 Huntington 79 M Tractor overturn mowing by pond • 9/17 Vigo 55 M Driver of pick-up truck and horse trailer, ran off road • 10/1 Madison 80 M Mowing tractor slid into pond, died wading out • 10/3 Cass 20 M Emptying silo for demolition, silo collapsed • 10/12 Franklin 79 M Tractor overturn, climbing hill • 10/30 Wabash 17 F SUV driver, collision with farm grain truck
• 759 documented Indiana farm-related fatalities in the years 1980 through 2006 where the county of residence was known.
Purdue University Agricultural Safety and Health Program
Be Safe!!!!
How does this thing work?
• Engine
• Fuel
• Cooling
• Electrical
• Transmission
• Hydraulic
• Hitching
The Basic Tractor Systems
The Basic Tractor Systems
• Engine – Source of power
– All sizes
The Basic Tractor Systems • Fuel
– Gas • Carburetor
– Diesel • Injector pump
The Basic Tractor Systems • Cooling
– Radiator
– Antifreeze
– Pressure
– Hot!!
The Basic Tractor Systems • Electrical
– Battery
– Starter
– Alternator
– Gauges
The Basic Tractor Systems • Transmission
– Gears
– Clutch
The Basic Tractor Systems • Hydraulics
– Remote outlets
– Loader functions
– Three point hitch
• Hitching system – Drawbar
– Three point system
The Basic Tractor Systems
CONTROLS
• Location
• Color coding
• Instrument panel
• Universal symbols
Controls • Clutch
- Separates the power from the engine to the transmission
•Brakes -Friction to stop
-Independent pedals
Controls • Throttle
-Control engine speed
-Hand or foot control
•Gearshift levers -Select gear
- Sometimes 2 levers
Controls • Power Take Off (PTO)
•Hydraulic Controls
• Color Coding
Controls
Red stop engine
Orange machine ground motion Yellow engage powered components Black adjust machine function
Controls • Instrument panel
Universal Symbols
Tachometer Oil Pressure
Universal Symbols
Engine Temperature Battery Charge Indicator
Universal Symbols
Pre Operation Procedures • Visual Inspection
– Walk around the tractor and equipment • Leaks • Tires • Fluid checks
– Engine oil – Hydraulic oil
• Look for things that are out of place or damaged
• Adjust the seat, etc. • Check the following
– Throttle – Gears – PTO – Parking Brake – Other control levers
• Hydraulics • Three point hitch
• Clutch • Brakes • Check for people • Start
– Safety devices • Neutral start switch • Clutch • Never bypass start
• Enable people to
communicate when beyond
hearing range
• Save time
• Prevent injuries
• Reduce risk of severe injury
or death
Hand Signals
Start engine Stop engine
Come help Follow me
2-63
Take off Speed up
Slow down This far to go
2-64
Raise equipment
Lower equipment Stop
Operating Equipment • PTO Driven
– 540 RPM
– 1000 RPM
-6 splines
-9 Revolutions per second
-21 splines
-16.7 Revolutions per second
PTO Shaft Universal Joint
Operating Equipment • Mowers
• Manure spreaders
Operating Equipment • Loaders
– Carry load low
– Load may roll off back
– Drive downhill
– Back uphill with no
Load in loader
– Be careful on side hills
Operating Equipment • Proper Ballasting (weighting)
– Front weights
– Rear weights • Wheels
• Fluid
Operating Equipment • Post hole diggers
• Others
Hitching points • Drawbar
– Owners manual
Hitching points
Hitch to the drawbar only! Hitching anywhere else can result in rear turnover and death.
Hitching points • Three point
Category 1,2,3
Owners manual
A. Upper Link B,C. Draft Arms D. Anti-sway bar o chain E. Lift Arm F. Lift Rod
Hitching points
• Frame mounted – Becomes part of the tractor
• Front mounted – Added weight on the front
Hydraulics • Related hazards
• Pressure
• Leaks –Component failure or collapse
• Before analyzing a problem: –Shut down all equipment
–Release pressure
Hand Signals
1
4 3 2
5
6
7
8
10 11 9
Come to me
Stop Engine
Move out
Lower
Move to me This far to go
Speed up
Slow down Raise Stop
Start
Engine
SAFETY SAVES!!! • Being safe is the most important thing to
remember when dealing with machinery and equipment!
Safety features on tractors • ROPS – Roll Over Protection System
– 2 post • foldable
– 4 post – Cab – Seat belt
Video: A Tractor Accident Can Happen to Anyone
Safety features on tractors •Neutral safety switches
Safety features on tractors •Safety signs
• Caution minor or moderate injury
Safety features on tractors •Safety signs
• Warning •Could result in serious injury or death
Safety features on tractors •Safety signs
• Danger •Will result in serious injury or death
Safety features on tractors • Lights/ Safety flashers
• SMV emblem • 25 MPH
Safety features on tractors
• Shields and Guards
Skid steer loaders • ROPS/FOPS • Side shields / screens • Hydraulic cylinder safety locks
Hazards • Extra Riders
– I seat, 1 person – Instructional seat
Hazards • Carbon Monoxide
– Odorless – Need proper ventilation
• Hot Surfaces – Exhaust – Radiator
Hazards • Utilities
– Overhead • Low clearance of
power lines across roadways and work areas
Hazards • Utilities
– Underground • Gas Lines
– Explosion • Phone lines
– Electric shock • Power lines
– Electrocution • Waterlines
– Repair – Dial before you Dig
Gas Line
Hazards • Obstacles
– Rocks
– Holes
Hazards • Ditches
Repair/ Maintenance Safety • Jacks
– Inspect jack & hoist for wear or damage
• Wooden Blocks • Never use concrete blocks
Repair/ Maintenance Safety • Select the right tool for the job • Use tools as they were intended
Hazards • People
•Children
Hazards
•Entrapment
•Suffocation
Hazards • Falls
- Steps
- Hand-holds
- Non-slip surfaces
Overturns • Gravity
• Centrifugal force
• Rear-axle torque
• Force on drawbar
• Force on high hitch points
Overturns • Factors to reduce overturns
– Width – Proper weighting – Safe speed – Lock brakes together – Hitch height – Avoid steep slopes
Help, I’m Stuck
• Chains
• Cables
• Straps • Check condition
Road Travel • Farm Bureau video
Road Travel •Lights and Markings
•SMV
•Lights
•Reflective tape
Road Hazards • Trees
• Mailboxes
Road Hazards • Holes in
ditches
• Soft shoulders Combine picture
Road Hazards • Narrow Areas
• Road rage
• Visibility
Road Hazards
Practices to Follow on the Road • Oncoming Traffic
– Move over – Be courteous
– Traffic behind you – 3 or more, pull over and let them by if possible
Practices to Follow on the Road • Making Turns
– Use Caution – Look Carefully
Age for Road Travel on Farm Equipment
• What is the minimum age to drive a tractor?
ATV’s • Estimated average cost of an ATV injury is $6,900 • Average of 90,000 people treated for ATV injuries per year • Average of 10,000 people are hospitalized per year • Hundreds of people are fatally injured on ATVs annually
ATV’s • Very handy tools • Read Operators Manual • Be in Control
Chain Saws • Watch for others • Saw kicking • Log bucking • Tops falling • Ear protection
Questions?