Name ________________________________

CHAPTER 36 - Transport in Vascular Plants Fred and Theresa Holtzclaw Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

1. What role do PROTON PUMPS play in creating plant membrane potential? Are proton pumps active or passive transport ?

2. Draw a picture showing how cations are transported into plant cells.

3. Draw a picture showing how anions are transported into plant cells.. What provides the energy for this?

4. Draw a picture showing how neutral solutes are transported into plant cells. Name this kind of transport

5. What is osmosis?

6. What are aquaporins?

In Lab 1 you learned the equation for water potential: Ψ = Ψs + Ψp, (Ψ =water potential; Ψs =solute potential; and Ψp = pressure potential)

7. Define water potential.

8. What is the Ψs of pure water? 9. How does adding solutes to pure water affect water potential?

10. So that means the solute potential of a solution is always ____________. (negative or positive)

11. What is pressure potential? Under what conditions will it decrease?

12. To summarize, water moves from regions of ________________water potential to regions of ___________water potential.

13. Define these terms: flaccid

turgid

plasmolysis

14. There are three major pathways of transport between plant cells. On the sketch, label and explain: transmembrane route

apoplast

symplast

15. What is bulk flow?

16. On the sketch, use colored pencils to trace the uptake of water and minerals from root hairs to the xylem and phloem in a root, following a symplastic route and an apoplastic route. Then, label each of the following elements: root hair, plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, stele, endodermis, Casparian strip, symplastic route, and apoplastic route.

17. What is the role of the Casparian strip?

18. What plant structures increase surface area for greater absorption by plant roots?

19. What are mycorrhizae, and what is their role in resource acquisition?

20. What is transpiration?

20. Explain the two mechanisms that pull water up through the plant, from roots to leaves. Root pressure

Transpiration-cohesion-tension

21. What cells control the water loss through the stomata?

22. On the sketches, label the guard cell, stomata, K+, and H2O.

23. Influx of K+ into guard cells causes water to move _____________ the cells making them ___________ and causing the stoma to ______________, into out of flaccid turgid open close

24. Three types of stimuli can cause guard cells to open. Name and explain how each one works.

25. What is translocation?

26. What is a sugar source, and what is a sugar sink? Give an example of each.

27. What cell types transport the sugars?

28. Explain how protons pumps help load sugar into companion cells and sieve tube members.

29. Explain the process of pressure flow by annotating the figure at the left. Refer to your text, and divide this process into four steps.

1. 1.

2. 2.

3.

4. 3. 4.

30. The second mechanism that pulls water up through the plant is transpiration-cohesion-tension. EXPLAIN the role of each of the following in moving water from soil to leaves

Transpiration

Hydrogen bonding

Adhesion

Cohesion

Xylem tubes

Stomata

COMPARE WATER POTENTIAL IN the following (Circle the one in each pair

with the highest Ψ)DRAW AN ARROW TO SHOW DIRECTION WATER WILL MOVE.

Soil - root xylem trunk xylem – leaf cell walls leaf cell walls - leaf air space

Root xylem – trunk xylem leaf air spaces - outside atmosphere