Local Governments Finances- GOLD 2010

7/30/2019 Local Governments Finances- GOLD 2010

1/98

Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt Acgdgbi0_li Bldffigjir ka tli 84r t Bigtyxs

Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxd fc pdtc kg dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdbs

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt r

Bctir it Jkyqixgieigtr Fkbdy| Ygcr

Bcyodoir s Jkhcixgkr Fkbdfir Ygcokr

JKFO 8>4>


2/98

4

JKFO 8>4>


I|ibytcqi Rye edx s

Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxdf cpdt ckg

dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdb s


3/98


4/98


I|ibytcqi Ryeed xs

Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxdf cpdt ckg

dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdb s

JKFO8>4>

Ygct io Bctc ir dg o Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt r

Bctir it Jkyqixgie igtr Fkbdy| Ygcr

Bcyodoir s Jkhcixgkr Fkbdfir Ygcokr


5/98

OCRBFDCEIX(_li tixer yrio bkgbixgcgj tli fijdf rtdtyr ka dgs bky gtx s& tixxctkxs & bcts kxdxid& kx ka ctr dyt lkxctcir& kx bkgbixgcgj oifcectdtckg ka ct r axkgtcixr kx

hkygodxcir& kx xijdxocgj ctr ibkgke cb rsrt ie kx oijxii ka oiqifk~eigt ok gktgibirrdxcfs xiafibt tli k~cgckg ka Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr' _lidgdfsrcr& bkgbfyrckgr dgo xibkeeigodtckgr ka tlcr xi~kxt ok gkt gibirrdxsxiafibt t li qcizr ka t li dff eie hixr ka Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr '(

Bk~sxcjlt 8>4> Ygctio Bct cir dgo Fkbdf JkqixgeigtrBcti r it Jkyqixgieig tr Fkbdy | YgcrBcyodoir s Jkhcixt gkr Fkbdfir YgcokrDqcgs 49>< >>8 Hdxbifkgdzzz'bctcir%fkbdfjkqixgeigtr'kxj

Dff xcjltr xir ixqio

Oircjg dgo Fdskyt ECD HBG^xkkaxidoix Qcqcdg Sifd

Cf fyrtxdt ckgr dgo jxd~lcbr Jxdxo Adjkt

^xcgtio cg Ei|cbk


6/98

Akxizkxo 9

Ioctkxcdf ~xk`ibt :

Dbmgkzfiojieigtr 3

Cgt xkoybt ckg 44

Daxcbd 84

Drcd ^dbca cb 8:

Iyxdrcd 29

Iyxk~i ?4

Fdt cg Deixcbd ?3

Ecoofi Idrt dgo Zirt Drcd 9:

Gkx tl Deixcbd 14

Acgdg bcgj Eitxk~kfctdg Bctcir 1:

Bkgbfyrckgr :2

2

BKG_IG_R


7/98


8/98

9

_li 8go Jfkhdf Xi~kx kg Oibigxdfcpdckg dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdbs& ld C ldqili ~fidryxi k ~xirig sky zcl& cr oiocbdio k fkbdf acgdgbi' C bkgacxer lijxkzcgj xkfi ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg dff xijckgr ka li zkxfo' C itydffsoiekgrxdir li ce~kxdg cehdfdgbir ld bdg i|cr cg li rldxcgj kaxirkyxbir dgo xir~kgrchcfccir hiziig gdckgdf dgo fkbdf jkqixgeigr' _liri

cehdfdgbir ldqi kgfs hiig zkxrigio zcl li ce~db ka li jfkhdf acgdgbcdfdgo ibkgkecb bxcrcr'

_lyr& iqixszlixi cg li zkxfo& fkbdf dylkxccir ldqi ekxi dgo ekxi xir%~kgrchcfccir cg rixqcbi ~xkqcrckg& li ~ycgj cg ~xdbcbi ka rkbcdf ~kfcbs&igqcxkgeigdf edgdjieig& dgo fkbdf oiqifk~eig' _lis igryxi hiziig zklcxor k d ldfa ka li ~yhfcb cgqireig cg KIBO bkygxcir dr ziff dr cg bixdcgieixjcgj gdckgr Blcgd& Rkyl Daxcbd dgo Hxdpcf'

Lkziqix& ca li xir~kgrchcfccir ka fkbdf jkqixgeig dxi jxkzcgj& li rldxi kaaygor dqdcfdhfi k igryxi liri xir~kgrchcfccir cr kaig cgdoitydi& cg

~dxcbyfdx cg oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir' _lcr crryi cr edoi zkxri hs li fkz fiqif kadykgkes fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi zcl xijdxo k acgdgbcdf edgdjieig cg lied`kxcs ka xijckgr'

Zclky dykgkes dgo xirkyxbir fkbdf oiekbxdbs cr bxc~~fio' Cr doqdgbir& zlcblcgbfyoi li axii ifibckg ka fkbdf xi~xirigdcqir cg li ed`kxcs ka bkygxcir& xiedcg~xibdxckyr dgo bdg jigixdi d ~xkakygo ocrcffyrckgeig zlcbl lxidigr k xcbkblihdbm dgo acrryxi cr kzg oiekbxdcb akygodckg'

_lcr ocqcoi hiziig xir~kgrchcfccir dgo li rldxcgj ka xirkyxbir r~ibcacbdffs ce~dbrli ddcgeig ka li Ecffiggcye Oiqifk~eig Jkdfr ,EOJr#' Cg adb& c cr cgryh%Rdldxdg Daxcbd dgo cg li fidr doqdgbio bkygxcir ka Drcd& zlixi li eidgr ka

fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi li zidmir& ld li ddcgeig ka li EOJr cr fdjjcgj liekr' Ca fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg li Iyxk~idg Ygckg r~igo gidx 2&89> d sidx& hscgldhcdg k eii li giior ka licx bccpigr& cg ryh%Rdldxdg Daxcbd dgo bixdcg bkygxcir kaDrcd kgfs 8? ~ix cgldhcdg cr dqdcfdhfi& dgo rcjgcacbdgfs firr cg li ~kkxir bkygxcir'

_li 8go Jfkhdf Xi~kx oiekgrxdir ld li acgdgbcgj ka yxhdg dgo fkbdf oiqifk~eigcr kgi ka li zidm fcgmr ka oiqifk~eig dco ~kfcbcir' Zcl dbbifixdcgj yxhdgcpdckg libyxxig fiqif ka dqdcfdhfi acgdgbcgj okir gk dffkz akx d xir~kgri k li i|crcgj dgokgjkcgj yxhdgcpdckg ka ~kqixs'

AKXIZKXOI|ibytcqi Rye edx s

Hixtxdgo Oifdgk

Edskx ka dxcr& Axdgbi

^xircoig ka YBJF


9/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr1

Kyx zkxfo kxjdgcpdckg& Ygcio Bccir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigr& ldr ircedio ld 8>>hcffckg YRO cr giioio dggydffs& kqix li gi| 89 sidxr& akx cgqireig cg bccir ka

oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir k igryxi ld li ekr edxjcgdfcpio bkeeygccir xibicqiirrigcdf rixqcbir cg kxoix k xioybi ~kqixs dgo rfye oiqifk~eig'

Akx oiqifk~io bkygxcir& li Xi~kx itydffs rcjgdfr li bkgrxdcgr kg fkbdf acgdgbi cgxir~kgocgj k rxybyxdf bldgjir djcgj ~k~yfdckgr& ecjxdkxs afybydckgr&xioybckgr cg igixjs yri dgo BK8 iecrrckgr& dgo xcrm ~xiqigckg' Hy dhkqi dff& crcjgdfr djdcgr li igoigbs k ygfkdo kg fkbdf jkqixgeigr zlixi lis dxi gkocxibfs xir~kgrchfi& d ocr~xk~kxckgdi zicjl ka hyojidxs dgo acgdgbcdf oiacbcrlxkyjl li drrcjgcgj ka giz xir~kgrchcfccir zclky li gibirrdxs aygocgj'

C bdg kgfs ry~~kx li bkgbfyrckgr ka lcr Xi~kx kg li giio k irdhfcrl giz ~kfccbdfxijyfdckgr hiziig bigxdf dgo fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg idbl bkygxs& dr ziff dr d li

zkxfo fiqif' D rxigjligio ocdfkjyi hiziig li ocaaixig fiqifr ka jkqixgeig crlixiakxi cgocr~igrdhfi rk dr k igryxi d hiix rldxcgj ka eidgr dgo bke~iigbcir& dhiix hdfdgbi hiziig oiekbxdbs dgo rkfcodxcs& zk ~cffdxr kg zlcbl li ayyxi kakyx bkygxcir& bccir dgo ~k~yfdckgr cr hdfdgbio& zk ~xcgbc~dfr hdrio cg li bdxocgdfgkckgr ka `yrcbi dgo xir~kgrchcfcs'

Hixtxdgo Oifdgk


10/98

:

^yhfcrlixr

Ocxibtkx0 Ifcrdhil Jdidy& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ

Oi~yts Ocxibtkx0 Dfhixk Fd~fdcgi Jycedxdcr& Oi~ys Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ

^xcgbc~df Doqcrix0 Iecfcd Rdcp& Blcia ka Rdaa& Ocxibkx ka Rdykxs Crryir dgoCgrcyckgdf Xifdckgr& YBFJ

Bkkxocgdtckg0 Iojdxok Hcfrms& Ocxibkx ka xkjxdeeir dgo Xiridxbl& YBFJ

Bkkxocgdtckg Drrcrtdgt0 Bfdcxi Axkr& ^xkìb Kaacbix& YBFJ

Ry~~kxt tide axke YBFJ0 Okecgctyi Dxxird& îxi Hdffirix& Ekldeio Hkyrrxdkyc&@idg%Hd~cri Hyaai& Rdgoxd Bfceig& Dfi|cr Oiemk& Rdxd Lkiafcbl& Bdxkfi Ekxcffkg&Xcbdxok Edxgip& Egcbd Ekxd& _lchdy Gdgbs& Gddfgi kcrrkg& Edxci%Fdyxi Xkd& EdsdRdzes& Ifcrdhil Rcfqd& Xigrmi Riighixjig'

Cgtixgr0 Iyjgci Ekgdrixck& Ifrd dsdg

Rtiixcgj Bke e ctt ii

YBFJ Xijckgd f dgo Eit xk~kf ctd g Ribt ckgr

Okg Hkxy& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ Gkxl Deixcbd

@idg% cixxi Ifkgj Ehdrrc& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ Daxcbd

@kri~ Xkcj& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& Eixk~kfcr

Xdrrcml Rdjckq& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ Iyxk%Drcd

Jycffixek _d~cd& Ribxidxs Jigixdf ka AFDBED& YBFJ Fdcg Deixcbd

Axoxcb Qdffcix& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& Bkygbcf ka Iyxk~idg Eygcbc~dfccir dgo Xijckgr ,BIEX#&YBFJ Iyxk~i

îix Zkkor& Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ Drcd ^dbcacb

Rifdldcg Scfocxce& Akxeix Ribxidxs Jigixdf& YBFJ Ecoofi Idr ! Zirixg Drcd

I|~ixt r Bkkxocgd tckg

@kxji Edxgip%Qptyip& Xijigr ^xkairrkx ka Ibkgkecbr dgo Ocxibkx ka CgixgdckgdfRyocir& Dgoxiz Skygj Rblkkf ka kfcbs Ryocir& Jikxjcd Rdi Ygcqixrcs& Y'R'D'

^dyf Rekmi& ^xkairrkx ka ^yhfcb Acgdgbi dgo ^fdggcgj dgo Ocxibkx ka Cgixgdckgdf ^xk%jxder& Giz Skxm Ygcqixrcs + Xkhix A' Zdjgix Jxdoydi Rblkkf ka ^yhfcb Rixqcbi& Y'R'D'

IOC_KXCDF ^XK@IB_


11/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr ~ixbig hs8>2>4' Dbbkxocgj k li Ygcio Gdckgr ,YG#&

39 ~ixbig ka li yxhdg jxkzl cg li gi|

zk oibdoir cr i|~ibio k hi cg Drcd& Daxcbd

dgo k d firrix i|ig cg Fdcg Deixcbd& dgo c

zcff hi akbyrio cg redff dgo eiocye rcpio

bccir' Xd~co yxhdg jxkzl dfrk ce~fcir dg

cgbxidrcgj yxhdgcpdckg ka ~kqixs' Ca byxxig

xigor ~ixrcr& kgi ky ka acqi ~ixrkgr zcff fcqi

cg yxhdg rfyer hs 8>2>'8 _li rxyjjfi k

4' Ygcio Gdckgr

Oi~dxeig ka

Ibkgkecb dgo RkbcdfDaadcxr k~yfdckg

Ocqcrckg

,l~0++zzz'yg'kxj+

ird+~k~yfdckg+~yhfcb

dckgr+z~8>>9+

8>>9zk~'le#

8' Rkei oijxii ka

yxhdgcpdckg ldr

~xkqig k hi

cgrxyeigdf cg

xioybcgj ~kqixs

fiqifr kqix cei& hy

hiskgo bixdcg xdir

ka yxhdgcpdckg&

~kqixs riier k

cgbxidri ,@kxji

Edxcgip%Qdptyip&

^dgy~kgj dgyoyfmcc

dgo Dgoxis _cekaiiq'

8>>3 (Yxhdgcpdckg

dgo li kqixs Fiqif(

Cgixgdckgdf Ryocir

Zkxmcgj d~ix ">3%

4?& Dgoxiz Skygj

Rblkkf ka kfcbs

Ryocir& Jikxjcd Rdi

Ygcqixrcs& Dfdgd'#


16/98

42

eii li Ecffiggcye Oiqifk~eig Jkdfr dgo

doqdgbi li jfkhdf acjl djdcgr ~kqixs eds

hi zkg kx fkr ~xcedxcfs cg yxhdg dxidr kaoiqifk~cgj bkygxcir' Cgbxidrcgj yxhdgcpdckg

dfrk bxidir d giio akx cggkqdcqi eibldgcrer

k jkqixg dgo rixqi eixk~kfcdg dxidr

ld dxi jxkzcgj cg rcpi& bke~fi|cs dgo

gyehix' Oiqifk~cgj rkygo cgixjkqixg%

eigdf xifdckgr dgo dg d~~xk~xcdi acrbdf

dxblcibyxi cg eixk~kfcdg dxidr ~xirig

odygcgj bldffigjir hibdyri edgs ocaaixig

jkqixgeigr dgo ~yhfcb igix~xcrir dxi

s~cbdffs cgqkfqio cg rixqcbi ~xkqcrckg cg d

eixk~kfcdg dxid' Rkei dgdfsrr hifciqi

ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr bdg ~fds dg ce~kxdgxkfi cg eiicgj li oiedgor ka yxhdgcpdckg

dgo eixk~kfcdg jkqixgdgbi'

_lcxo& dgo rcjgcacbdgfs oixcqdcqi ka yxhdg%

cpdckg& edgs bkygxcir dxkygo li jfkhi adbi

d bkgr coixdhfi hdbmfkj ka cgaxdrxybyxi

oiedgor dgo dgcbc~di li ieixjigbi ka giz

kgir' Dooxirrcgj li bldffigjir ka yxhdgcpdckg

dgo li jxkzl ka fdxji eixk~kfcdg dxidr

fdbmcgj doitydi hdrcb cgaxdrxybyxi zcff

xitycxi ryhrdgcdf cgqireigr cg li bkecgj

oibdoir& kaig cg ribkxr akx zlcbl fkbdfjkqixgeigr ldqi ed`kx xir~kgrchcf cs'

Dbbkxocgj k kgi ircedi& cgqireig cg

cgaxdrxybyxi dgo hdrcb rixqcbir k li kxoix

ka 8>> hcffckg YRO dggydffs zcff hi xitycxio

kqix li gi| 89 sidxr k eii liri

rlkxadffr'2 _li oiedgo zcff hi jxidir

c g oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir& hy doqdgbio

cgoyrxcdfcpio bkygxcir eyr dfrk cgqir k oidf

zcl licx djcgj ~k~yfdckgr dgo cgaxdrxybyxi'

R~ibcdf fkbdf cgqireigr cg xircfcig cgaxd%

rxybyxi zcff hi giioio cg edgs bkygxcir ld

adbi d jxkzcgj xcrm ka gdyxdf ocrdrixr& ryaaixaxke ~kkx igixjs iaacbcigbs& dgo rk kg'

Acgdffs& li jfkhdf acgdgbcdf dgo ibkgkecb bxcrcr

ld hijdg cg 8>>< cr oii~ix ldg

dgslcgj i|~ixcigbio rcgbi ZZCC cg ixer

ka ie~fkseig& cgbkei& dgo acgdgbcdf zidfl

fkrrir'? _li bxcrcr ldr ocrxirrio ~xdbcbdffs dff

bigxdf jkqixgeigr dxkygo li zkxfo dgo c

ldr daaibio ekr fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg rkei

2' Zkxfo Hdgm ,8>>9#

ircedio li

cgqireig giior cg

~yhfcb cgaxdrxybyxi cg

oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir&

dekygcgj k 1>>

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kqix li gi| 89 acqi

sidxr' Lkziqix& liriacjyxir cgbfyoi dff

~yhfcb cgaxdrxybyxir&

zlilix gdckgdf

,igixjs&

bkeeygcbdckgr dgo

cgakxedckg

iblgkfkjs& xdgr~kx=

zdix dgo rdgcdckg&

ib'# kx yxhdg ,fkbdf

xkdor& fkbdf zdix

ry~~fs& dgo rdgcdckg&

zdri ocr~krdfr&

rblkkfr& rxii

fcjlgcgj'''#' _li YBFJ

Bkeecii kg FkbdfAcgdf ircedio kgi

lcxo ka lcr dekyg&

c'i' >'? ~ixbig ka

Zkxfo JO^& giior k

hi bldggifio k yxhdg

cgaxdrxybyxi ,YBFJ

^kfcbs ~d~ix kg Fkbdf

Acgdgbi& 8>>:#

?' YBFJ& _li Ce~db ka

li Bxcrcr kg Fkbdf

Jkqixgeigr& Blcgd&

Kbkhix 8>>3'

Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxdfcpdtckg dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdbs' JKFO 8>4>

I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS

Gki0 _ixxckxs rcpi rlkzr li ~xk~kxckg ka dff i|xd ~ik~fi ld zcff rdx fcqcgj cg yxhdg dxidr hiziig 8>>8 dgo 8>49& cg

idbl ixxckxs'

Rkyxbi0 Zkxfo Ed~~ix= Bcs Jxkzl ,8>>9#

Acjyxi 40 I|~ibtio Yxhdg Jxkztl Hitziig 8>>8%8>49


17/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr4?

zdsr dr ziff' D li rdei cei& lixi cr

bkgrcoixdhfi ocqixrcs cg lkz fkbdf

jkqixgeigr dbxkrr ocaaixig bkygxcir ldqiadxio' Zlcfi rkei fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi

riig licx aygocgj by dgo dff s~ir ka

i|~igocyxir xioybio& klixr ldqi dbydffs

i|~ixcigbio d jxkzl cg aygocgj dgo ldqi

cgbxidrio bixdcg s~ir ka i|~igocyxir' Cg

rkei bkygxcir& fkbdf jkqixgeigr eds hi dhfi

k ~fds d rcjgcacbdg xkfi cg eccjdcgj li

iaaibr ka li jfkhdf acgdgbcdf bxcrcr'

_li R xyb yxi dgo Xitycxie igr kaFkbdf Jkqixgeig Acgdgbi Rsr ie r

Ca fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi k xidfcpi licx

bkgrcoixdhfi ~kigcdf cg ~yhfcb rixqcbi dgo

lif~ k iaaibcqifs oidf zcl ~xiqdcfcgj dgo

ieixjcgj bldffigjir dgo bxcrir& lis eyr

k~ixdi ygoix d fijdf axdeizkxm& cgrcyckgdf

rxybyxir& dgo ~xkbioyxir ld eii bixdcg

xitycxieigr' Rkei ka liri dxi i|~fcbcfs

acrbdf cg gdyxi& zlcfi klixr xifdi k li

fdxjix ~kfccbdf dgo cgrcyckgdf bkgi| cg

zlcbl fkbdf jkqixgeigr k~ixdi'

Bkxi Ifieig r ka li Acrbdf Rsr ie

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi s~cbdffs drrcjgio dxdgji ka rixqcbi oifcqixs dgo klix mis

aygbckgr hs bkgrcyckgdf kx fijdf ~xkqcrckgr'

C cr jigixdffs dbbi~io ld liri aygbckgr

rlkyfo hi d~~xk~xcdi cg ixer ka licx

xifiqdgbi akx fkbdfccir dgo licx rycdhcfcs akx

fkbdf ce~fieigdckg' _lixi cr dfrk jigixdf

djxiieig ld bfdxcs ka aygbckgdf

drrcjgeig cr ce~kxdg k igryxi ld fkbdf

jkqixgeigr dgo licx bkgrcyigr ldqi d

bkgrcrig ygoixrdgocgj ka fkbdf

xir~kgrchcfccir' Ryaacbcig i|~igocyxi

dykgkes cr bkgrcoixio bxccbdf rk fkbdf

jkqixgeigr bdg xir~kgo k fkbdf giior'

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr dfrk giio dbbirr k aygor k

ocrbldxji licx aygbckgr dgo k eii iqkfqcgj

i|~ibdckgr ka licx bkgrcyigr' Bigxdf

jkqixgeigr ldqi d bke~dxdcqi doqdgdji cg

xiqigyi jigixdckg& rk d ed`kx ~kxckg ka fkbdf

xirkyxbir cr kaig oixcqio axke rldxio d|ir

dgo cgixjkqixgeigdf xdgraixr' _xdgraixr bdg

hi ygbkgocckgdf kx bkgocckgdf& dgo lis eds

Acjyxi 80 Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt Acrbdf Rtxybtyxi


18/98

49

hi yrio akx xibyxxig dgo bd~cdf r~igocgj'

_xdgraixr rlkyfo hi aygoio hs d rdhfi dgo

~xiocbdhfi ~kkf ka xirkyxbir dgo dffkbdio hsd~~xk~xcdi bxcixcd kx akxeyfdi' _li hdfdgbi

hiziig bkgocckgdf dgo ygbkgocckgdf

xdgraixr eds qdxs cg ocaaixig bkgi|r& hy

rkei ygxirxcbio xirkyxbir dffkz fkbdf

jkqixgeigr k i|ixbcri li dykgkes ld cr

bigxdf k licx kzg bke~dxdcqi doqdgdji cg

rixqcbi oifcqixs'

Hiskgo xdgraixr& fkbdf jkqixgeigr giio k

ldqi oiocbdio rkyxbir ka xiqigyi kqix

zlcbl lis eyr ldqi d oijxii ka

ocrbxickgdxs bkgxkf' _lcr dffkzr akx li

bxidckg ka d dgjchfi fcgmdji hiziig li

bkrr dgo higiacr ka fkbdf rixqcbi oifcqixs&

dgo c dfrk ~xkqcoir fkbdf jkqixgeigr zcl d

eidgr k cgbxidri li dekyg ka xiqigyi

lis bdg xdcri cgoi~igoigfs k acgdgbi li

xdgji dgo fiqif ka rixqcbir oiedgoio axke

lie' Fkbdf kzg%rkyxbi xiqigyir eds dmi

li akxe ka d|ir kg d~~xk~xcdi hdrir& kx

lis eds hi gkg%d| xiqigyir& rybl dr yrix

aiir dgo bldxjir& fcbigri dgo xijcrxdckg

aiir& ib'

Acgdffs& dr cgixjkqixgeigdf acrbdf rsrier

edyxi& fkbdf jkqixgeigr giio k ldqi

doitydi dbbirr k cgaxdrxybyxi acgdgbi'

Rkei oiqifk~eig r~igocgj bdg hi aygoio

zcl xdgraixr& hy iqigydffs fkbdf

jkqixgeigr& ~dxcbyfdxfs cg yxhdg dxidr&

giio dbbirr k li bd~cdf edxmi& zlilix

ocxibfs kx& cg firr doqdgbio rsrier& lxkyjl

cgixeiocdxs cgrcyckgr zcl rkei

jkqixgeig cgqkfqieig' Fkbdf hkxxkzcgj&

lkziqix& giior k hi jkqixgio hs d rycdhfiaxdeizkxm dgo doitydi acrbdf xir~kgrchcfcs

rdaijydxor'

Gkg%Acrbdf Rsr ie Xitycxie igr

_li akbyr ka lcr xi~kx cr kg acgdgbi& hy

klix dr~ibr ka cgixjkqixgeigdf rsrier

bkqixio cg JKFO C dxi bxccbdf k igryxcgj

iaaibcqi fkbdf jkqixgeigr' Dr gkio dhkqi&

dbbkygdhcfcs cr bigxdf k ddcgcgj li

~kigcdf higiacr ka oibigxdfcpdckg' _lcr cr

kaig axdeio dr li ~kfccbdf oceigrckg kaoibigxdfcpdckg& dgo li edcgrxide jkfo

rdgodxo akx dbbkygdhcfcs cr xijyfdx

oiekbxdcb ifibckgr' Gk dff bkygxcir ldqi

kx zdg axii dgo bke~iccqi fkbdf ifibckgr&

lkziqix& dgo klix eibldgcrer ld dffkz

akx bccpig igjdjieig zcl fkbdf jkqixg%

eigr ~yhfcb dbbirr k cgakxedckg& aiio%

hdbm& dgo bke~fdcg eibldgcrer& ib' bdg

ce~xkqi dbbkygdhcfcs' Ekxikqix& fkbdf ifib%

ckgr dfkgi dxi d xdlix hfyg dbbkygdhcfcs

cgrxyeig& dgo gkg%ifibkxdf eibldgcrer

bdg ~fds d bxccbdf xkfi cg igldgbcgj fkbdf

dbbkygdhcfcs iqig zlixi ifibckgr dxi ziff

irdhfcrlio'

Cgrcyckgdf oceigrckgr ka oibigxdfcpdckg

dxi dfrk i|xieifs ce~kxdg' Fkbdf jkqixg%

eigr giio d~~xk~xcdi kxjdgcpdckgdf

rxybyxir& ziff oiacgio rsrier dgo

~xkbioyxir akx edgdjcgj ~yhfcb xirkyxbir&

dgo rycdhfi axdeizkxmr dgo eibldgcrer akx

igjdjcgj zcl klix fiqifr ka jkqixgeig&

~xcqdi ribkx acxer dgo gkgjkqixgeigdfdbkxr' Ekxikqix& fkbdf jkqixgeigr eyr

~krrirr kx hi dhfi k oiqifk~ li bd~dbcs

giioio k ~xk~ixfs k~ixdi zclcg li

cgrcyckgdf axdeizkxm'

Dflkyjl liri ~kfccbdf dgo cgrcyckgdf

dr~ibr ka fkbdf jkqixgeig rsrier zixi

bkqixio cg JKFO C dgo dxi gk jcqig ~xcedxs

digckg cg lcr xi~kx& licx xkfi cg edmcgj

acrbdf oibigxdfcpdckg iaaibcqi bdggk hi

kqixrdio' Zclky doitydi dbbkygdhcfcs

eibldgcrer& d~~xk~xcdi k~ixdckgdfrsrier dgo ryaacbcig bd~dbcs& dykgkekyr

fkbdf acrbdf ~kzixr bdg fido k ~xkhfiedcb

xdlix ldg ~xkoybcqi kybkeir'

_li Jfkhdf Xidfc s ka FkbdfJkqixgeig Acgdgbi Rsr ie r

Rkei bkygxcir ldqi fkgj ldo xkhyr fkbdf

acgdgbi rsrier zcl rxkgj oiqifk~eig ka


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


19/98


li bke~kgigr kyfcgio dhkqi& dgo edgs

klixr ldqi dmig ri~r k oiqifk~ rsrier

cg xibig sidxr' D li rdei cei& dffbkygxcir axke li ekr doqdgbio

cgoyrxcdf k li ekr axdjcfi oiqifk~cgj

adbi qdxckyr bldffigjir cffyrxdio lxkyjlky

JKFO CC' Rkei bldffigjir dxi xifdio k

zidm rsrie oiqifk~eig dgo bd~dbcs

bkgrxdcgr& ~dxcbyfdxfs cg oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir&

kx ekxi jigixdffs k xirkyxbi rlkxadffr'

Klix bldffigjir dxi i|ixgdf k li acgdgbi

rsrie hy daaib oiedgor ~fdbio kg c dgo

li zds c aygbckgr'

Rsr ie Bldffigjir dg o Ocfie edr

Edgs ifieigr ka fkbdf acgdgbi rsrier kyfcgio

dhkqi ok gk i|cr& dxi cgbke~fii& kx ldqi

hiig ce~fieigio cgbkgrcrigfs zcl li

ygoixfscgj axdeizkxm& ~dxcbyfdxfs cg

oiqifk~cgj bkygxcir' Acrbdf axdeizkxmr xdgji

axke ziff k ~kkxfs oircjgio ,xifdcqi k

gkxedcqi ~xcgbc~fir dgo bkgi|ydf xidfccir# cg

ixer ka xiqigyi dgo i|~igocyxi

drrcjgeigr& bkxxir~kgoigbi hiziig

xiqigyir dgo i|~igocyxir& xdgraixr&ryhgdckgdf hkxxkzcgj axdeizkxmr& ib' Ekxi

hxkdofs& kqixdff bkgrcyckgdf dgo fijdf

axdeizkxmr akx fkbdf jkqixgeig ,zcl xir~ib

k fijdf rdyr& ~kfccbdf eibldgcrer& ie~kzix%

eig& doecgcrxdcqi dgo rdaacgj rxybyxir&

ib'# xdgji axke ziff oiqifk~io k hdxifs

hijyg'

D bkeekg ~xkhfie zcl acrbdf rsrier cr

cgryaacbcig bfdxcs cg li drrcjgeig ka fkbdf

jkqixgeig i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir'

Iqig zlixi xir~kgrchcfccir dxi xidrkgdhfsziff oiacgio cg ekxi doqdgbio rsrier&

i|~igocyxi bldffigjir eds hi bxidio hs

ygaygoio edgodir axke lcjlix fiqif

jkqixgeigr dgo li fdbm ka ziff oiqifk~io

eilkokfkjcir dgo ~xdbcbir k xdgrfdi

i|~igocyxi drrcjgeig xir~kgrchcfccir cgk

tydgcacdhfi xirkyxbi giior' Oijxiir ka

dykgkes cg i|~igocyxi oibcrckgr dfrk qdxs

zcoifs'

Dg kqixdxblcgj bldffigji zcl rixqcbi ~xk%

qcrckg cg d eyfc%fiqif jkqixgeig rsrie cr

zlcbl aygbckgr rlkyfo hi ygoixdmig d idblfiqif dgo lkz fiqifr rlkyfo cgixdb& cgbfyocgj

li eixk~kfcdg jkqixgdgbi crryir kyfcgio

dhkqi' _liri dxi kyjl oibcrckgr rcgbi lixi

cr d bkeekg xdoi%kaa hiziig acrbdf qcdhcfcs

d lcjlix fiqifr dgo ~kfccbdf bkggibcqcs d

fkzix fiqifr' Cg rxyjjfcgj k dblciqi d

hdfdgbi& bkygxcir eyr bkgrcoix li higiacr

dgo ~cadffr ka dedfjdedckg qixryr ocqcrckg&

dr ziff dr li ~kigcdf qdfyi ka bxidcgj

eibldgcrer k hxcoji `yxcrocbckgdf

axdjeigdckg& rybl dr li yri ka r~ibcdf

ocrxcbr dgo+kx axdeizkxmr akx qkfygdxs

`kcg cgccdcqir dbxkrr fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

^xkjxirr ldr hiig edoi cg oiqifk~cgj d|

rldxcgj dgo cgixjkqixgeigdf xdgraixr& hy

~xkhfier ~ixrcr' _xdgraixr eds hi

cgdoitydifs kx ygxifcdhfs aygoio& dgo li

bxcixcd yrio k dffkbdi xirkyxbir eds hi

ygbfidxfs r~ibcacio kx cgd~~xk~xcdi' Oir~ci

jxkzcgj acrbdf ocr~dxccir dbxkrr fkbdfccir cg

eybl ka li zkxfo& aiz bkygxcir yri jigycgi

itydfcpdckg jxdgr k cgbxidri ~dxcs cgdbbirr k hdrcb rixqcbir dbxkrr bkeeygccir&

rkei ka zlcbl ldqi fkz xiqigyi bd~dbcs kx

lcjl r~igocgj giior oyi k oiekjxd~lcbr kx

klix adbkxr hiskgo licx bkgxkf' Zlixi

itydfcpdckg jxdgr i|cr& lis eds hi ~kkxfs

aygoio kx ygoixecgi cgbigcqir akx fkbdf d|

iaakxr kx i|~igocyxi iaacbcigbs' Edgs

bkygxcir dfrk rxyjjfi zcl li xcjl hdfdgbi

hiziig ygbkgocckgdf jxdgr& zlcbl ~xkeki

dykgkes& dgo bkgocckgdf jxdgr& zlcbl

igryxi digckg k gdckgdf ~xckxccir'

Bldffigjir k fkbdf xiqigyi jigixdckg dxi

~dxcbyfdxfs ~ixqdrcqi' Dflkyjl lixi cr ekxi

djxiieig dhky li giio akx rxkgj

i|~igocyxi dykgkes ldg lixi cr akx

xiqigyi dykgkes& rkei ocrbxickg cr riig

dr gibirrdxs k ~xkeki fkbdf dbbkygdhcfcs'

Iqig zlixi d|ir ld dxi zcoifs bkgrcoixio

k hi d~~xk~xcdi fkbdf rkyxbir& rybl dr li

~xk~ixs d|& dxi dffkzio& lis eds gk hi


20/98

4:

ziff yrio' _li ~xk~ixs d| cr d ocaacbyf dgo

i|~igrcqi d| k doecgcrix dgo igor k hi

ir~ibcdffs yg~k~yfdx dekgj d|~dsixr' Iqigzlig c cr xifdcqifs ziff doecgcrixio& cr

xiqigyi ~kigcdf eds hi fcecio& dgo klix

~xkoybcqi xiqigyi rkyxbir ldqi kaig gk

hiig drrcjgio k fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Kgfs d aiz bkygxcir cg ekxi oiqifk~io xi%

jckgr ldqi xkhyr rsrier ka fkbdf jkqixg%

eig oiqifk~eig acgdgbi' Edgs bkygxcir

ce~fieig bd~cdf bkgocckgdf jxdg ~xkjxder

dgo fkbdf jkqixgeigr oiocbdi d fdxji rldxi

ka xirkyxbir k acgdgbcgj cgqireigr& hy li

fkgjix ixe xir~kgri k li giior kyfcgio

dhkqi eyr cgbfyoi igldgbcgj xir~kgrchfi

dbbirr k bxioc akx fkbdf jkqixgeigr' Rkei

bkygxcir ldqi rybbirrayffs k~ixdio acgdgbcdf

cgixeiocdxcir akx fkbdf jkqixgeigr& hy lcr

d~~xkdbl ldr adbio bldffigjir dgo ldr hiig

ygoixecgio hs ~kfccbdf ~xirryxir cg edgs bdrir'

_liri bldffigjir k oiqifk~cgj xkhyr fkbdf

acgdgbi rsrier& dgo cg rkei bkygxcir ~kkx

fkbdf jkqixgeig ~ixakxedgbi& ldqi fio k

cgrdgbir ka hdbmxdbmcgj kg oibigxdfcpdckg'Rcgbi li ~yhfcbdckg ka JKFO C lixi ldr

hiig dg ieixjcgj xibigxdfcpdckg xigo cg

edgs xijckgr' Ocrd~~kcgcgj ~ixakxedgbi&

lkziqix& eds xiryf axke i|~ibcgj kk eybl

kk tycbmfs axke gdrbig fkbdf jkqixgeigr

dgo adcfcgj k doitydifs ry~~kx hycfocgj

licx bd~dbcs k ayfacff li xkfir i|~ibio ka

lie'

I| ixgdf Bldffigjir

D gyehix ka ed`kx ~ligkeigd kyfcgioidxfcix gdyxdf xirkyxbi bxcrir ,igqcxkg%

eigdf& igixjs& akko ribyxcs#& yxhdgcpd%

ckg& cgaxdrxybyxi rlkxadffr& dgo li jfkhdf

acgdgbcdf bxcrcr zixi axdeio dr ~xkhfier

ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr bkyfo bkgxchyi k

dffiqcdcgj' D li rdei cei& c cr ce~kx%

dg k xibkjgcpi ld lis ~kri bkgrcoixd%

hfi bldffigjir k fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Oidfcgj zcl lie iaaibcqifs zcff xitycxi

ekxi xirkyxbir& jxidix iblgcbdf i|~ixcri&

dgo bkgrcoixdhfi dhcfcs k gijkcdi bke%

~fi| crryir zcl d xdgji ka cgixirio~dxcir zcl qdxscgj oijxiir ka ~kzix'

_lyr& li i|ig k zlcbl fkbdf jkqixgeigr

bkyfo dmi dbckg k xir~kgo k liri

rixckyr jfkhdf lxidr k oiqifk~eig

oi~igor kg li i|ig k zlcbl lis dxi

~xk~ixfs ityc~~io dgo ry~~kxio k ok rk'

Cg lcr xijdxo& c cr ce~kxdg k gki ld

rkei bigxdf jkqixgeigr riie gk k

ygoixrdgo licx kzg bxccbdf xkfi cg ~xkqcocgj

dg igqcxkgeig bkgoybcqi k fkbdf

jkqixgeig dbckg' Kg li bkgxdxs& li

igoigbs kzdxor xibigxdfcpdckg cg rkei

bkygxcir riier k ldqi hiig i|dbixhdio hs

li adffky axke li zkxfo acgdgbcdf dgo

ibkgkecb bxcrcr' Bigxdf jkqixgeigr cg d

gyehix ka Daxcbdg& Fdcg Deixcbdg& dgo

Iyxdrcdg bkygxcir ldqi dok~io ~kfcbcir ka

ygcfdixdffs cgixxy~cgj li ocrhyxrieig ka

xiqigyi rldxcgj dgo klix xdgraixr' Cg klix

bdrir& bigxdf jkqixgeigr ldqi cgbxidrio

bkgxkf kqix aygocgj dffkbdckgr kx dxi

edgodcgj lkz fkbdf jkqixgeigr eyrr~igo xirkyxbir'

_li Ocqixr c s ka I|~ixcigbi

Dflkyjl fkbdf jkqixgeig acgdgbi cr ce%

~kxdg cg edgs bkygxcir dgo rkei hdrcb

bkeekgdfccir dgo bldffigjir dr kyfcgio

dhkqi bdg hi coigcacio& c cr ce~kxdg k

mii~ cg ecgo ld lixi dxi dfrk ce~kxdg

ocaaixigbir dbxkrr xijckgr dgo bkygxcir' Dr

xi~kxio cg JKFO C& lixi cr jxid qdxcdckg

dxkygo li zkxfo cg lkz fkbdf jkqixgeigrdxi rxybyxio dgo ie~kzixio' JKFO CC

oiekgrxdir cg ekxi oidcf ld lixi cr dfrk

i|xdkxocgdxs qdxcis cg lkz li acrbdf

dxblcibyxi ka fkbdf jkqixgeig cr kxjdgcpio&

~ixakxer dbxkrr ocaaixig xijckgr dgo dekgj

bkygxcir zclcg idbl xijckg'

Lcrkxcbdf xkkr dgo xd`ibkxcir ldqi d fk k

ok zcl lkz fkbdf jkqixgeig rsrier dxi


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


21/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr44>

I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


23/98


24/98

84

Acrbdf oibigxdfcpdckg cg Daxcbd fdxjifs

oiixecgir li bkgxchyckg ka fkbdf

jkqixgeigr k fkbdf oiqifk~eig& dr ziff dr

li ce~fieigdckg ka li Ecffiggcye

Oiqifk~eig Jkdfr ,EOJr# dgo ~kqixs

dffiqcdckg rxdijcir'

Dr lcjlfcjlio cg li 4r JKFO xi~kx& li

ed`kxcs ka Daxcbdg bkygxcir edoi rcjgcacbdg

~xkjxirr cg ~kfccbdf oibigxdfcpdckg cg li fdr

zigs sidxr' Xiakxer bkgcgyi k hi

ygoixdmig dgo dxi i|~ibio cg d gyehix ka

ocaaixig bkygxcir k xicgakxbi fkbdf jkqixgeig&

gkdhfs cg li dxid ka acgdgbi ,Dfjixcd&

Bdeixkkg& Migsd& Ekxkbbk& Edyxcdgcd& Rkyl

Daxcbd& Pdehcd& dgo Pcehdhzi#'

^xkjxirr& lkziqix& ldr ocaaixio dbxkrr bkygxcir

dgo c cr xdxifs fcgidx' Cg edgs bkygxcir lcr

~xkbirr cr dfrk adbcgj ocaacbyfcir' Jfkhdffs li

rldxi ka ~yhfcb i|~igocyxi edgdjio hs fkbdf

jkqixgeigr xiedcgr fkz& dgo bixdcg gdckgdf

jkqixgeigr dxi rfkzcgj kx hdbmxdbmcgj kg

licx bkeeceigr k li ~xkbirr' Cg Edfc dgo

Hyxmcgd Adrk& akx i|de~fi& li ~xcgbc~fi ka

rceyfdgics hiziig xdgraixr ka

xir~kgrchcfccir dgo xdgraixr ka xirkyxbir zdr

xibigfs tyirckgio' Cg Yjdgod& li edgdjieig

ka fkbdf ~ixrkggif ldr hiig xibigxdfcpio dgoli rdyr ka bd~cdf bccir ekocacio cg kxoix k

bxidi d eixk~kfcdg dylkxcs gdeio hs li

bigxdf jkqixgeig' Cg Edfdzc dgo _kjk& fkbdf

ifibckgr ldqi hiig ryr~igoio kx ~kr~kgio akx

fkgj ~ixckor' Cg edgs bkygxcir li ~kxckg ka

fkbdf cgbkei bkecgj axke li gdckgdf hyoji

ldr hiig xioybio kqix li fdr sidxr ,Higcg&

Bi OCqkcxi& Edfc& Yjdgod& Rigijdf& _dgpdgcd&

dgo _kjk#'

D li rdei cei& li Daxcbdg bkgcgig cr

byxxigfs adbcgj xd~co yxhdgcpdckg& zcl li

cgbxidri ka kgi ecffckg ~fyr bccir dgo

eiocye%rcpio kzgr& dgo k qdxscgj oijxiir&

zcl li ce~kqixcrleig ka cr ryhyxhr&

cgryaacbcigbs ka cgaxdrxybyxi dgo ocaacbyfs cg

oifcqixs ka hdrcb yxhdg rixqcbir' _k xir~kgo k

lcr bldffigji& fkbdf dylkxccir giio dod~io

xirkyxbir dgo xir~kgrchcfccir dgo lis giio k

zkxm kjilix zcl gdckgdf jkqixgeigr'

_li ryos akbyrir kg acqi dr~ibr ka acrbdf

oibigxdfcpdckg0 rxybyxi ka Rdir dgo

ixxckxcdf kxjdgcpdckg& xir~kgrchcfccir dgo

i|~igrir ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr& xiqigyir&

xdgraixr& dgo dbbirr k fkdgr'

Edcg crr yir dgo bldffigjir akx fkbdfjkqixgeigt a cgdgbi

_ixxctkx cdf kxjdgc pdtckg

D jxid ocqixrcs bdg hi khrixqio cg li

ixxckxcdf kxjdgcpdckg& dr adx dr fiqifr dgo

xdgji ka fkbdf dylkxccir dxi bkgbixgio' Zcl

xijdxo k ixxckxcdf kxjdgcpdckg& lxii crryir

dxi zkxl xdcrcgj0 ~dxcdf oibigxdfcpdckg ld&

cg rkei bkygxcir& okir gk bkqix li igcxi

gdckgdf ixxckxs& li kqixfd~~cgj ka ocaaixigfiqifr ka oibigxdfcpdckg& dgo li ~dxdffif

oiqifk~eig ka eibldgcrer ld bcxbyeqig

fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Fcectio r~igocgj dytkgkes dgo cgryaacbcigti|~igoctyxi xir~kgrchcf c t cir oiacgct ckg

Kqixdff& Daxcbdg fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi fcecio

r~igocgj dykgkes' Cg doocckg& li rldxcgj ka

Axdgkcr Sdd&

Cgoi~igoig

Xiridxblix&

Gcjix

Axdgkcr

Qdcffdgbkyx&

Ygcqixrc

oi Ekgxdf&

Bdgdod

DAXCBDI|ibyt cqi Ryee dxs


25/98


xir~kgrchcfccir dgo lixiakxi ka i|~igocyxir

hiziig fkbdf dylkxccir dgo bigxdf

jkqixgeigr cr kaig ygbfidx kx cgd~~xk~xcdi'Cg dff bkygxcir& li lcjlix fiqifr ka

jkqixgeigr ,xijckgr+~xkqcgbir kx Rdi# i|ix

d bkgxkffcgj ~kzix kqix fkbdf jkqixgeigr

lxkyjl i| dgi dgo+kx i| ~krhyoji bkgxkfr'

_li bkgayrckg cg li ocqcrckg ka drmr cr

rkeiceir djjxdqdio hs cgixgdckgdf okgkxr'

_lxkyjl giz oiqifk~eig dco ekodfccir

hyojidxs dco dgo ribkx zcoi ry~~kx lis

kaig adqkx li xibigxdfcpdckg ka ribkxdf ~kfcbcir&

rybl dr ioybdckg& lidfl& zdix& dgo rdgcdckg&

dekgj klixr lxkyjl li bkgbigxdckg ka

acgdgbcdf eidgr cg li ecgcrxcir& zclky dmcgj

li giz xir~kgrchcfccir ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr

cgk bkgrcoixdckg'

_lcr zidmgirr cr xiafibio cg li fkz xdck ka

fkbdf i|~igrir k ~yhfcb i|~igocyxi0

dqixdjcgj gidx < ~ixbig akx dff bkygxcirdgdfspio ,gkg%zicjlio dqixdji#' ]Akx ekxi

oidcfr rii acjyxi 2U'

Fkz fiqif ka xirkyxbir

Cg Daxcbd& jigixdffs lixi ldr hiig firr

oibigxdfcpdckg ka xiqigyir ldg ka

i|~igocyxi0 fkbdf jkqixgeig xiqigyi

xi~xirigr kgfs : ~ixbig ka kdf

~yhfcb xiqigyi' Cg edgs bkygxcir& fkbdf

jkqixgeigr edgdji firr ldg 4> ~ixbig

ka ~yhfcb xiqigyi dgo kaig firr ldg 9

~ixbig& dgo d rcecfdx xigo cr khrixqio

akx i|~igocyxi' ]Akx ekxi oidcfr rii

acjyxi 2U'

88

Acjyxi 20 Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt I|~igoctyxi dgo Xiqigyi dr d dxtka Jigixdf Jkqixgeigt Hyojitr cg Bixtdcg Daxcbdg Bkygtxcir

?>)

2>)

8>)

4>)

>

xiqigyi

ir~igocyxi


26/98

82Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxdfcpdtckg dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdbs' JKFO 8>4>

I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS

Akx Daxcbd dr d zlkfi& d~~xk|cedifs ldfa ka

fkbdf jkqixgeig xiqigyir bkei axke

cgixjkqixgeigdf xdgraixr& zlcfi li klixldfa bkeir axke fkbdf d|ir' Dr d xyfi&

oibigxdfcpio& cgixeiocdxs fkbdf jkqixgeigr

~xkqcgbir& xijckgr kx oi~dxeigr oi~igo k

d jxidix i|ig kg xdgraixr akx licx aygocgj

ldg eygcbc~dfccir dgo xyxdf eygcbc~dfccir&

zlcbl dxi lierifqir yrydffs ekxi oi~igoig

kg xdgraixr ldg fdxjix bccir'

Qixs f c ectio t d|dtckg ~kzixr

Acrbdf dykgkes rcjgcacbdgfs qdxcir axke kgi

bkygxs k dgklix' _zk edcg s~ir bdg hi

ocrcgjycrlio' Cg d ed`kxcs ka Axdgbk~lkgi

bkygxcir& fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi gk ~kzix k

xdcri d|ir' Fijcrfdkxr bdg bldgji hkl fkbdf

d| hdrir dgo xdir' Cg edgs bkygxcir ka

Dgjfk~lkgi xdocckg& fkbdf dylkxccir ldqi

ekxi xkke akx oibcrckg edmcgj cg ricgj fkbdf

d|ir kx bldgjcgj d| xdir' Hy jfkhdffs fkbdf

d|dckg& ~dxcbyfdxfs ~xk~ixs d|& cr daaibio

hs li ~xiokecgdgbi ka cgakxedf yxhdg

rifieigr' Zcl xir~ib k fkbdf aiir dgo

gkg%d| xiqigyi& fkbdf jkqixgeigr& hkl cgDgjfk~lkgi dgo Axdgbk~lkgi bkygxcir& ldqi

rkeizld ekxi afi|chcfcs'

_d| bkff ibt ckg bl dffigjir

_li d| bkffibckg ~xkbirr cr i|xieifs

bigxdfcpio cg Axdgbk~lkgi bkygxcir' _li

oibkgbigxdio rdi oi~dxeigr dxi

xir~kgrchfi akx li d| bigryr& li ircedckg

ka li fkbdf d| hdrcr& d| drrirreigr& dgo

li bkffibckg ka fkbdf d|ir' Cg li

Dgjfk~lkgi bkygxcir& lcr bigxdfcpdckg crfirr rcjgcacbdg dgo rkeiceir iqig gkg%

i|crig' _li fkbdf jkqixgeigr lierifqir

dxi li ~xcgbc~df d| bkffibckg djigr' Cg Idr

Daxcbd& lixi ldr hiig d igoigbs cg xibig

sidxr kzdxor ~xcqdcpio d| bkffibckg'

_li bkgxkfr i|ixio& gkdhfs cg axdgbk~lkgi

bkygxcir& kqix d| bkffibckg dgo li xidryxs

oyi k li ygcacio xidryxs ~xcgbc~fi khfcjcgj

fkbdf jkqixgeigr k oi~krc dff licx xirkyxbir

cg li gdckgdf xidryxs dbbkyg itydffs fcecr

fkbdf bkgxkf ka xirkyxbir'

Ktlix g kg a cr bdf xirkyxbir

Xdir dgo rixqcbi bldxjir dxi gk dfzdsr

i|~fkcio k li ayff i|ig ~krrchfi& dgo li

fdbm ka digckg k li xiqigyi xdcrcgj

~kigcdf ka fkbdf ~xk~ixcir dgo drrir cr

kaig d rcjgcacbdg kqixrcjl' Cg Zir Daxcbd&

cgbkeir axke rixqcbir dgo li yri ka ~yhfcb

~xk~ixcir hxkyjl cg gidx 8> ~ixbig ka fkbdf

cgbkeir axke 8>>? k 8>>:' Cg Rkyl Daxcbd&

xiqigyir axke rixqcbir ,zdix& rdgcdckg&

ifibxcbcs# dxi xir~kgrchfi akx dfekr ldfa ka

li cgbkei ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr ,dxkygo ??

~ixbig cg eixk~kfcdg dgo eiocye rcpi

bccir& hy firr ldg 4> ~ixbig cg redff bccir

dgo xyxdf dxidr#' Cg Ekxkbbk& k jcqi d Gkxl

Daxcbdg i|de~fi& xiqigyir axke rixqcbir ,44# zlcbl zcff cgbfyoi

d bfdxcacbdckg ka li xkfir dgo xir~kgrchcfccir ka

li cixr ka fkbdf jkqixgeig& ~xkqcoi d ekxiribyxi hdri akx fkbdf ifibio kaacbcdfr& dgo edmi

aygo xdgraixr ekxi xdgr~dxig dgo akxed lie

cg d akxeyfd%hdrio edggix'


_li edcg crryir dgo bldffigjir adbcgj

cgixjkqixgeigdf rsrier dbxkrr bkygxcir

Hfdgi O' Fizcr

Fii Mydg Siz Rblkkf

ka yhfcb kfcbs

Gdckgdf Ygcqixrcs

ka Rcgjd~kxi

Hkh Ridxfi

Bkgryfdg&

Dyrxdfcd

Drcd ^dbc a cbI|ibyt cqi Ryee dxs


31/98


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS

Bkygxs Rldxi ka _kdf yhfcb I|~igocyxi ,)# Rldxi ka _kdf yhfcb Xiqigyi ,)#

Ryh%Gdckgdf Y~~ix _cix Fkzix _cix Ryh%Gd ckgdf Y~~ix _cix Fkzix _cix

Cgocd 11 22 22 22 2 > 2^dmcrdg 22 8< 9 : 1 '9 > '9

Hdgjfdoirl 49 9 4> 8 4 4

Gi~df 4> g'd' < ? g'd' ?

Blcgd :> 8> 9> ?> 49 89

@d~dg 1> 8> ?> ?> 8> 8>

Mkxid ?9 49 2 > 89 4> 49

Cgokgircd 29 : 8< < 9 '9 8 '9^lcfc~~cgir 89 44 4? 4> 8 '9 :'9

Qci gde ?9 2> 49 29 89 4>

_ldcfdgo 4> 9 9 8 4 4

Dyr xdfcd 21 2> 1 8> 4: 2

Giz Pidfdgo 3 g'd' 3 < g'd' 4>

I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS

YBFJ DR^DB kfcbs Xibkeeigodtckgr akx Acrbdf Oibigtxdfcrdtckg

Daix ocrbyrrckg d li Zkxmrlk~ kg Fkbdf Jkqixgeig Acgdgbir lifo d Hdde& Cgokgircd&

kg 89%81 @ygi& li eiehixr ka li YBFJ%DR^DB Xijckg djxii ld li hdrcr ka cr ~kfcbs

kg Acrbdf Oibigxdfcpdckg cr dr akffkzr0

_ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr hi jcqig jxidix dykgkes hs ldqcgj cr ~kzixr zcoigio k

oibcoi dff d| hdrir dgo d| xdir& dgo li fiqif ka aiir akx rixqcbi& zclcg cr edgodi'

_ld lixi hi d xiqciz ka li byxxig dffkbdckg ka xiqigyi rkyxbir dgo rixqcbi oifcqixs

xir~kgrchcfccir k idbl r~lixi ka jkqixgeig dgo ld lis hi xidrrcjgio rk dr k0

d' Xioybi qixcbdf acrbdf cehdfdgbi=

h' Hiix edbl i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir zcl kzg%rkyxbi xiqigyir=

b' Igryxi dff r~lixir ka jkqixgeig rldxi cg gdyxdf xirkyxbi xiqigyir= dgo

o' Xioybi li ce~db ka ibkgkecb bsbfir kg dgs kgi r~lixi ka jkqixgeig'

_ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr hi ~xkqcoio zcl dg cgbxidrio dgo ac|io rldxi ka gdckgdf ~yhfcb

ribkx xiqigyi lxkyjl jxdgr dgo xdgraixr& hy zcl d xioybio gyehix ka jxdgr dgo d

fdxjix ~xk~kxckg hicgj ~xkqcoio dr ygcio aygocgj'

_ld jxdg ocrxchyckg k fkbdf jkqixgeigr hi edgdjio hs dg cgrcyckg ld crcgoi~igoig ka jkqixgeig& ldr eiehixrlc~ dbbi~dhfi k jxdg xibc~cigr dgo

k~ixdir cg d xdgr~dxig edggix k ~xkqcoi aygor ocxibfs k li hdgm dbbkygr ka li

xibc~cigr'

_ld lixi hi d ekxi zcoir~xido d~~fcbdckg ka lkxcpkgdf acrbdf itydfcpdckg ~xcgbc~fir

zclcg li ocrxchyckg ka jxdg aygocgj akx fkbdf jkqixgeig'

_ld dff fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi dbbirr k fkdg aygor& ygoix bkgocckgr dgo fcecr ld

dxi dbbi~dhfi k hkl li gdckgdf dgo fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

_ld zlixi kgi okir gk dfxidos i|cr& lixi hi d Fkbdf Jkqixgeig Acgdgbi

Bkx~kxdckg kx itycqdfig irdhfcrlio k igryxi fkbdf jkqixgeig ldr dbbirr k fkdgr dfkzix ldg bkeeixbcdf xdir ka cgixir'

_ld dff ygaygoio edgodir ka fkbdf jkqixgeig hi xiekqio hs cgbxidrio aygocgj kx

xidffkbdckg ka xir~kgrchcfccir& dgo ld ayyxi ygaygoio edgodir hi edoi cffijdf'


37/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr2?

_ld acgdgbi akffkzr aygbckg cg dgs ayyxi xidffkbdckg ka xir~kgrchcfccir hiziig

r~lixir ka jkqixgeig'

_ld bkgryfdcqi eibldgcrer hi irdhfcrlio k igryxi ld dff r~lixir ka

jkqixgeig zkxm kjilix k bkkxocgdi oiqifk~eig& cgaxdrxybyxi ~fdggcgj&

xigizdf& dgo hyojicgj& dgo ld fkbdf jkqixgeig ldr dg cgbxidrio xkfi cg

oiixecgcgj gdckgdf rixqcbi oifcqixs khìbcqir'

_ld klix r~lixir ka jkqixgeig xiqciz dgo deigo licx ~kfcbcir dgo ~xkbioyxir k

xiekqi yggibirrdxs xirxcbckgr kg fkbdf jkqixgeig acrbdf dykgkes'

_ld zlixi gk dfxidos okgi& rdgodxo dbbkygcgj dgo acgdgbcdf edgdjieig

~xdbcbir hi cgxkoybio akx fkbdf jkqixgeig= ld lixi hi bfidx ~xkbioyxdf

cgrxybckgr akx ~xdbcckgixr ce~fieigcgj liri rdgodxor dgo ld hkl ifibio

kaacbcdfr dgo fkbdf jkqixgeig rdaa hi xdcgio cg licx d~~fcbdckg'

_ld gdckgdf bkgrcyckgr hi deigoio zlixi gibirrdxs k jcqi fkbdf jkqixgeig

d~~xk~xcdi rdyr& ld dff ribkxdf fijcrfdckg hi i|decgio k igryxi cr bkgrcrigbs

zcl fkbdf jkqixgeig fijdf xitycxieigr dgo ld fkbdf jkqixgeig xiqigyi

edgdjieig hi acxefs hdrio cg li fdz'

_ld Fkbdf Jkqixgeig Drrkbcdckgr hi xibkjgcpio hs klix r~lixir ka jkqixgeig dr

li d~~xk~xcdi hkocir k xi~xirig fkbdf jkqixgeig cg cgixjkqixgeigdf

ocrbyrrckgr kg ~kfcbs dgo acrbdf dxxdgjieigr'

Akx cr ~dx& fkbdf jkqixgeig zcff zkxm zcl klix r~lixir ka jkqixgeig k dblciqi

liri khìbcqir& zcff xi%i|decgi cr kzg ~kfcbcir& hs%fdzr& xijyfdckgr& ~xkbioyxir dgo

~xdbcbir k rii ld lis hir eii li kqixdff khìbcqir ka jkqixgeig cg ~xkqcocgj

rixqcbir k li ~ik~fi cg dg iaacbcig edggix'

Fkbdf jkqixgeig zcff dfrk dmi ri~r k ce~xkqi li xdgr~dxigbs ka cr k~ixdckgr&

cgqkfqi li ~ik~fi ekxi cg cr ~fdggcgj& hyojicgj dgo klix dbcqccir& dgo zcff cgxkoybi

~xkjxder k igbkyxdji li ~dseig ka fkbdf d|ir dgo bldxjir'


38/98

29

_li ed`kx bldffigji ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg li

icjl bkygxcir ygoix xiqciz ,Dxeigcd& Hifdxyr&

Jikxjcd& Mdpdmlrdg& Msxjsprdg& Ekfokqd&

Xyrrcd& dgo Ymxdcgi# kqix li ~dr zigs sidxr

ldr hiig do`yrcgj k li gdxxkzcgj xkfi dgo

rcpi ka jkqixgeig& dgo li xiryfcgj xioybckg

cg fkbdf xirkyxbir& zlcfi die~cgj k edcgdcg

li lcjl tydfcs ka rkbcdf rixqcbir ~xkqcoio d li

fkbdf fiqif oyxcgj li Rkqci ~ixcko'

Bkgbyxxigfs& fkbdf jkqixgeigr dbxkrr li

xijckg ldqi hiig bk~cgj zcl d oxdedcb

cgbxidri cg ecjxdckg& hkl okeircb dgo

cgixgdckgdf' _lcr ldr xiryfio cg d xiocrxchyckg

ka rixqcbi giior cg xifdckg k liri ~krccqi dgo

gijdcqi gi%ecjxdckgr& zlcbl gk fkgjix edbl

li i|crcgj cgaxdrxybyxi' Lkziqix& li rkbcdf

cgaxdrxybyxi ,rblkkfr& lkr~cdfr& ib'# cg

fkbdfccir ld ldqi fkr ~k~yfdckg ldr

hiig ~xirixqio cg kxoix k xioybi rkbcdf

igrckgr& dr hyoji%ry~~kxio cgrcyckgr ldqi

hibkei dfekr licx kgfs dxid ka ie~fkseig'

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg li bkygxcir ka Iyxdrcd

qdxs axke d rsrie ka oibigxdfcpio rdi

hkocir akx fkbdf doecgcrxdckg cg Mdpdmlrdg

dgo d bigxdfcpio lcixdxblcbdf rsrie ka ~yhfcb

dylkxccir cg Hifdxyr k d zk%cix rsrie ka

fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig cg Xyrrcd dgo Ekfokqd'

Cg hiziig& lixi dxi rdir zlixi fkbdf

rifa%jkqixgeigr i|cr dykgkekyrfs ,Dxeigcd&

Jikxjcd# kx dfkgjrcoi rdi hkocir akx fkbdf

Gddfcd

Jkfkqdgkqd

Bigix ka Acrbdf

^kfcbs ,Ekrbkz#&

Xyrrcd

Jdfcgd

Myxfsdgormdsd

Bigix ka Acrbdf

^kfcbs ,Ekrbkz#&

Xyrrcd

IyxdrcdI|ibyt cqi Ryee dxs

Bkygxcir Xijckgdf fiqif Cgixeiocdi , xdckg# fiqif Ri fieig fiqif

Dxeigcd O FRJ

Hifdxyr FJ+ FRJ FJ+ FRJ FJ+ FRJ

Jikxjcd O FRJ -

Dykgkekyr Xi~yhfcbr ,FRJ#

Mdpdmlrdg FJ FJ FJ , zc lky hyoji xcjlr#Ms xjs prdg O FJ+ FRJ FRJ

Ekfokqd FRJ , cgbfyoi Dykgkekyr Xi~yhfcbr# FRJ

Xyrrcd Ryh`ib r ka Aioixd ckg FRJ FRJ

Ymxdcgi FJ+ FRJ FJ+ FRJ FRJ

O oibkgbigxdio ygcr ka bigxdf jkqixgeig

FJ fkbdf rdi jkqixgeig hkocir

FRJ fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeigr hkocir

FJ+FRJ fkbdf i|ibycqi hkocir cgbfyoio cgk lcixdxblcbdf qixcbdf ~kzix rxybyxi dgo fkbdf xi~xirigdcqi hkocir,bkygbcfr# zcl d rdyr ka d fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig

_dhfi 20 Fijdf Rtdtyr ka Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr


39/98


doecgcrxdckg ,cg Ymxdcgi d khfdr dgo xdckg

fiqif& cg Msxjsprdg d xdckg fiqif#' Dff bkygxcir

ygoix xiqciz ,d~dx axke Mdpdmlrdg ldkaacbcdffs ldr gk fkbdf jkqixgeigr# ldqi

dok~io fdzr kg fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig'

Oyxcgj li fdr sidxr& ~krccqi xigor ldqi hiig

riig cg rkei bkygxcir cg li acifo ka

oibigxdfcpdckg' Cg Dxeigcd& li fcr ka fkbdf

d|ir dgo oycir zdr igfdxjio cg 8>4>' Cg

Ymxdcgi& li bkgbi~ ka Fkbdf Jkqixgeig

Xiakxe zdr xibigfs d~~xkqio& dgo d giz

axdeizkxm akx fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig

fijcrfdckg cr byxxigfs hicgj oiqifk~io' Cg

8>4>& Hifdxyr dok~io d fdz kg Fkbdf

Jkqixgeig dgo Rifa%jkqixgeig'

Lkziqix& cg klix bkygxcir& bigxdfcpdckg

igoigbcir dxi hicgj khrixqio0 d xioybio fiqif

ka d| dykgkes cg Xyrrcd& Msxjsprdg& dgo

Jikxjcd= d gkecgdckg ka fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig

lidor hs li bigxdf jkqixgeig cg

Msxjsprdg= li xikxjdgcpdckg ka fkbdf

jkqixgeigr cg Jikxjcd= dr ziff dr fcecdckgrk i|~igocyxi dykgkes ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr

cg Xyrrcd'

_li xibig acgdgbcdf bxcrcr ldr xiqidfio

zidmgirrir zclcg li fkbdf acgdgbi rsrie ka

rkei ka li Iyxdrcdg bkygxcir& zlcfi cg klix

bkygxcir fkbdf hyojir riie k hi okcgj

hiix ldg bigxdf+xijckgdf kgir oyi k licx

xifcdgbi kg li ekr rdhfi xiqigyir rkyxbir&

i'j' cg Ekfokqd& xdgraixr k fkbdf

jkqixgeigr zixi ~xk~kxckgdffs by hs 8>

~ixbig& zlcfi cg Mdpdmlrdg jxdgr dxi ri

akx d lxii%sidx ~ixckor dgo xiedcg rdhfi' Cg

Xyrrcd& rifieig d| xiqigyir jxiz 88

~ixbig cg 8>>3 cg bke~dxcrkg zcl 8>>)

1>)

9>)

?>)

2>)

8>)

4>)

>

xiqigyi

i|~igocyxi


40/98

2:

dr d xiryf ka li jxkzl ka ygie~fkseig' ]Rii

acjyxi 9U

Edcg crr yir dgo ~kfcbs bldffigjir akxfkbdf jkqixgeigt a cgdgbi

Cg r~ci ka li adb ld fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig cg

li Iyxdrcdg bkygxcir rldxio d bkeekg

igqcxkgeig dgo rdxcgj bkgocckgr cg li

idxfs 433>r& idbl ka li icjl bkygxcir ygoix

xiqciz xir~kgoio k bldffigjir cg cr kzg zds

dgo hycf cr kzg ekoif ka fkbdf rifa%jkqixgdgbi

dgo cgixjkqixgeigdf acrbdf xifdckgr cg li

sidxr ld akffkzio' _lyr& kods lis ocaaix cg

li gyehix ka fkbdf jkqixgeig cixr& li

zdsr cg zlcbl ~kzixr dxi jxdgio k li

i|ibycqi dgo xi~xirigdcqi dylkxccir&

li drrcjgeig ka xiqigyi rkyxbir dgo

i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir& dr ziff dr cg licx

rsrier ka cgixjkqixgeigdf xdgraixr'

Bkeekg aidyxir ka fkbdf acgdgbi bdg

lkziqix hi oxdzg ky0

Cg dff li bkygxcir ygoix xiqciz& i|~igocyxi

xir~kgrchcfccir dxi drrcjgio k ocaaixigfiqifr ka jkqixgeig hs fijcrfdckg& hy lcr

drrcjgeig cr gk dfzdsr bfidx' Rkeiceir

li rdei drmr dxi drrcjgio k ocaaixig fiqifr

,i'j' Ekfokqd#& dfrk rkei xir~kgrchcfccir dxi

rcff drrcjgio dbbkxocgj k li ~xk~ixs

oifcgidckg ,i'j'& cg Hifdxyr#' Rkeiceir oi

adbk drrcjgeig ocaaixr axke ld kyfcgio cg

li fijcrfdckg& dgo bdg iqig xiryf cg fkbdf

jkqixgeigr acgdgbcgj xir~kgrchcfccir ld

dxi gk zclcg licx dylkxcs ,i'j' Jikxjcd#'

Ygaygoio edgodir ldqi hiig rcjgcacbdgfsby' Cg edgs Iyxdrcdg bkygxcir& ygaygoio

edgodir dxi akxhcooig hs li fijcrfdckg&

hy fijcrfdcqi oibcrckgr ka lcjlix fiqif

jkqixgeigr rcff bdg xiryf cg doocckgdf

acgdgbcdf hyxoigr k li fkbdf fiqif dgo d

xioybckg cg licx i|~igocyxi dykgkes'

Bigxdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeig bkgxkfr kg

fkbdf jkqixgeigr' Cg rkei bkygxcir& li

bigxdf jkqixgeig fdzr oiacgi li gyehix

ka fkbdf rdaa ,i'j' Mdpdmlrdg& Hifdxyr&

Msxjsprdg& Ekfokqd# kx ce~kri fcecr kgbixdcg i|~igocyxir ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr

,i'j' Xyrrcd#' Cg Xyrrcd& dbbkxocgj k li

^xircoigr oibxii& xijckgdf jkqixgeigr eyr

iqdfydi li ~ixakxedgbi ka eygcbc~df xdckgr

dgo bcs jkqixgeigr'

^ixrkgdf cgbkei d| cr li edcg rkyxbi ka fkbdf

jkqixgeig xiqigyi' ^xk~ixs dgo fdgo d|ir

edmi y~ kgfs d redff ~dx ka fkbdf hyojir

i|bi~ akx Dxeigcd zlixi ~xk~ixs d|ir dxi

li kgfs d|ir drrcjgio k fkbdf hyojir' Dff

bkygxcir ygoix xiqciz ldqi xirxcbio fcrr ka

fkbdf d|ir ld fcec fkbdf jkqixgeigr

dykgkes k ~xk~kri giz d|ir' Rkei

bkygxcir ,Hifdxyr& Mdpdmlrdg& Msxjsprdg#

ri li xdir ka rldxio d|ir cg li hyoji fdz'

Cg rkei bkygxcir cixr i|cr ld ok gk ldqi

kzg d|ir ,i'j' xdckgr cg Xyrrcd#' Cg edgs

rcydckgr& bigxdf ,aioixdf# jkqixgeigr

edgodi d| higiacr ld xioybi dekyg oyi

k fkbdf hyoji ,i'j' Jikxjcd& Xyrrcd#'

Oifijdckg ka d| ~kzixr cr gk bkeekg'Fkbdf jkqixgeigr bdg kgfs bkffib fkbdf d|ir

cg Ekfokqd& Dxeigcd& dgo Msxjsprdg' _li

i|~ixcigbi ka Dxeigcd ldr rlkzg ld d|

bkffibckg hs li fkbdf fiqif cgbxidrir d|

iaakxr dgo dr d bkgrityigbi d| bke~fcdgbi'

_li cgqixri zdr dfrk akygo k hi xyi& zlixi

li bigxdfcpdckg ka d| bkffibckg ,akx

i|de~fi ld ka rdfir d| cg Msxjsprdg# ldr

xioybio li dekyg ka xiqigyi bkffibio'

Rcjgcacbdg ce~xkqieig cg li oircjg ka

itydfcpdckg jxdgr ldr hiig edoi' Ekr bkygxcirygoix xiqciz ldqi fijdffs dok~io akxeyfd%oxcqig

eilkokfkjcir akx dffkbdcgj itydfcpdckg jxdgr

axke li bigxdf+xijckgdf hyoji& hy fkbdf

i|~ixr gki ld gijdcqi xdgraixr cg Hifdxyr&

Mdpdmlrdg& Ekfokqd& dgo Ymxdcgi bxidi

ocrcgbigcqir akx fkbdf d| hdri oiqifk~eig'

Fdbm ka xdgr~dxig dffkbdckg xyfir akx

idxedxmio jxdgr cg ekr bkygxcir' D hir&


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


41/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr2*r&

edoi rcjgcacbdg ~xkjxirr kg li xkdo

kzdxor oibigxdfcpdckg' Zi lk~i ld lifdir bigxdfcpdckg xigor cg ekr Iyxdrcdg

bkygxcir dxi ie~kxdxs dgo ld lcr

~xkjxirr bdg bkgcgyi cg li ayyxi'


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


43/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr?>

YBFJ Iyxk%Drcd Xijckgdf kfcbs Xibkeeigodtckg

_liri xibkeeigodckgr zixi oiqifk~io hs li ~dxcbc~dgr cg li Iyxdrcd JKFOCC

zkxmrlk~& lifo cg Ekrbkz& Aihxydxs 8>4>'

Doecgcrxdcqi%ixxckxcdf ocqcrckg dgo li rdyr ka fkbdf jkqixgeig rlkyfo hi

bfdxcacio0 fkbdf i|ibycqi hkocir rlkyfo hi dbbkygdhfi k li fkbdf xi~xirigdcqi

hkocir dgo lyr k li bccpigr=

Bfidx drrcjgeig ka i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir rlkyfo hi irdhfcrlio=

Ygaygoio edgodir rlkyfo hi ifcecgdio gk kgfs kg ~d~ix hy cg li iqixsods

~xdbcbi& oifijdio aygbckgr eyr hi ry~~kxio zcl doitydi acgdgbcdf xirkyxbir=

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo ldqi dykgkes kqix fkbdf hyojir0 i|~igocyxi dykgkes

rlkyfo hi ry~~kxio hs xiqigyi dykgkes zcl ryaacbcig xiqigyi rkyxbir=

Fkbdf jkqixgeig xir~kgrchcfccir d li fkzir fiqif ,ld bfkrir k bccpigr# rlkyfo hi

cgbxidrio dgo edblio zcl doitydi aygor=

_xdgraix dffkbdckgr rlkyfo hi xdgr~dxig dgo rlkyfo gk bkgdcg gijdcqi cgbigcqir=

_li doecgcrxdckg dgo bkffibckg ka fkbdf d|ir rlkyfo hi xdgraixxio k li fkbdf fiqif=

Cgix%eygcbc~df bkk~ixdckg rlkyfo hi oiqifk~io0 fkbdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo zkxmkjilix akx hiix rixqcbir ~xkqcrckg=

Cgix%eygcbc~df rlkx%ixe fkdgr bdg hi xibkeeigoio dr d jkko rsrie ka eyydf

drrcrdgbi=

Iqdfydckg ka li tydfcs ka fkbdf rixqcbir dgo ryaacbcigbs ka aygocgj rlkyfo hi ~xkqcoio

hs i|ixgdf gkg%~dxcrdg igcs=

Dbbirr k bd~cdf edxmir rlkyfo hi ~xkqcoio akx fkbdf jkqixgeigr'


44/98

?4

Akx riqixdf oibdoir& li bkgcgig ldr riig d

bkgcgycgj& lkyjl rkeiceir ygiqig& xigo

kzdxor jxidix oiekbxdcb oibigxdfcpdckg k

li fkbdf dgo xijckgdf fiqifr& dr iqcoigbio hs li

Iyxk~idg Bldxix akx Fkbdf Rifa%Jkqixgeig ka

43>3 dgo li ryhrityig xibirrckg' Riqixdf IY

bkygxcir ldqi dggkygbio acrbdf bkgrkfcodckg

~fdgr k xirkxi fkgj%ixe acrbdf ryrdcgdhcfcs&zlcbl zcff daaib fkbdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeigr

lxkyjl cgbxidrio ~xirryxi akx d| lcmir dgo

i|~igocyxi xirxdcg& xioybckg cg fkbdf

xiqigyi& dgo bigxdf xdgraixr' Xiakxe cr

kgjkcgj cg edgs bkygxcir& zlixi fkbdf

`yxcrocbckgdf hkygodxcir dxi hicgj xioxdzg& dr

cg Jxiibi& Cbifdgo& Fdqcd& Fy|iehyxj dgo li

xkfi ka cgixeiocdi kx xijckgdf fiqif ka

jkqixgeigr cr hicgj xiqcrcio& cgbfyocgj cg

Axdgbi& Fclydgcd& Gkxzds& ^kfdgo& dgo

Rzioig' Fkbdf jkqixgeigr zcff dfrk ldqi k

oidf zcl li ieixjigbi ka giz bfdcer kg fkbdf

hyojir& cgbfyocgj cg li dxidr ka rkbcdf

~xkibckg cg ceir ka bxcrcr dgo cg d bkgi| ka

xd~cofs djicgj ~k~yfdckgr' Oiedgor

drrkbcdio zcl li giio k cgijxdi

ceecjxdgr cgk li rkbcdf adhxcb ka li xibc~cig

bkygxcir dfrk dmi d kff kg fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Edcg crr yir dgo ~kfcbs bldffigjir akxfkbdf jkqixgeigt a cgdgbi

_lixi cr bkgrcoixdhfi qdxcdckg cg li

drrcjgeig ka i|~igocyxi aygbckgr k

fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg Iyxk~i

Bxkrr%bkygxs qdxcdckgr cg li xifdcqi rcpi ka

fkbdf jkqixgeigr xiafib ocaaixigbir cg li

drrcjgeig ka i|~igocyxi aygbckgr dbxkrr li

qdxckyr fiqifr ka jkqixgeig' Fkbdf

jkqixgeig i|~igocyxi cr bke~dxdcqifs lcjl

cg xifdckg k JO^ dgo jigixdf jkqixgeig

kyfdsr cg li Gkxocb bkygxcir ]Rii acjyxi 1U'

Cg jigixdf& li i|~igocyxi aygbckgr ka fkbdf

dylkxccir akffkz d jigixdf bke~iigbi

~xcgbc~fi ,igrlxcgio cg li Iyxk~idg Bldxix ka

Fkbdf Rifa%Jkqixgeig#& dbbkxocgj k zlcbl fkbdfjkqixgeigr igo k akbyr kg i|~igocyxir ld

dxi fkbdf cg gdyxi& rk ld li higiacr ka

~xkqcrckg bdg hi cgixgdfcpio hs xircoigr' Cg

ekr bkygxcir& fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi

xir~kgrchfi akx ~xcedxs ioybdckg& dgo cg rkei

giz Iyxk~idg Ygckg Eiehix Rdir& rybl dr

Irkgcd& Fdqcd& Fclydgcd& Rfkqdm Xi~yhfcb& dgo

Rfkqigcd& ioybdckg dfkgi dbbkygr akx d fidr

kgi%lcxo ka fkbdf jkqixgeig hyojir' Klix

?' _li k~cgckgr dgo

dgdfsrir ~xirigio cg

lcr bld~ix dxi li

dylkxr kzg dgo ok

gk gibirrdxcfs xiafib

ld ka li KIBO kx

li kxjdgcrdckgr

Eiehix bkygxcir'

Fycp oi Eiffk

Ibkgkecb

Oi~dxeig& KIBO?

Iyxk~iI|ibyt cqi Ryee dxs


45/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr?8

xir~kgrchcfccir ld dxi cg jigixdf ygoix li

~yxqciz ka fkbdf jkqixgeigr cgbfyoi li ry~~fs

ka yxhdg deigccir dgo ~fdggcgj& zdri

bkffibckg dgo xideig& ocrxchyckg ka oxcgmcgj

zdix dgo xideig ka zdri zdix& ~dseig ka

rkbcdf higiacr& dgo li ~xkqcrckg ka rkbcdf

rixqcbir& cgbfyocgj blcfo bdxi dgo cgbkei ry~~kx

akx li ifoixfs dgo li ocrdhfio' Hibdyri li

rixqcbir oifcqixio hs fkbdf jkqixgeigr igo khi cgigrcqi cg fdhkx& ~dsxkff dbbkygr akx li

fckgr rldxi ka fkbdf jkqixgeig kyfdsr cg ekr

bkygxcir'

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi jxd~~fcgj zcl li

giio k bkgdcg li bkrr ka rixqcbi oifcqixs

Rcgbi fkbdf `yxcrocbckgr dxi xifdcqifs redff cg

edgs bkygxcir& c cr ocaacbyf akx fkbdf

jkqixgeigr k edmi li ekr ka ibkgkecir ka

rbdfi k xioybi oifcqixs bkrr' _lcr ~xkhfie cr

hicgj dooxirrio cg rkei bdrir lxkyjl li

dedfjdedckg ka redff `yxcrocbckgr ,dr cg

Hifjcye& Acgfdgo& Gilixfdgor dgo Gkxzds#&

li `kcg ~xkqcrckg ka rixqcbir hs gicjlhkxcgj

fkbdf jkqixgeigr ,dr cg Acgfdgo& Axdgbi& Cdfs&

Fy|iehkyxj dgo ^kfdgo#& kaig cg li akxe ka

cgix%eygcbc~df bkgrkxcd& dgo cg rkei i|xieibdrir d xibigxdfcpdckg ka acgdgbcgj dgo

~xkqcrckg ,dr cg li bdri ka lidfl bdxi cg

Gkxzds#'

Fkbdf hyojir dxi dfrk daaibio hs bkr rlcacgj

hiziig ocaaixig fiqifr ka jkqixgeig dgo li

bxidckg ka ygaygoio edgodir hs lcjlix fiqifr

ka doecgcrxdckg' D bdri cg ~kcg cr zlig

rixqcbir dxi oifcqixio fkbdffs& dgo gkxer dgo

Acjyxi 10 Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt I|~igoctyxi dgo Xiqigyi dr ~dxt ka t li JigixdfJkqixgeigt Hyojitr cg Iyxk~i

:>)

1>)

9>)

?>)

2>)

8>)

4>)

>

xiqigyi

i|~igocyxi


46/98

?2

rdgodxor dxi ri hs ocaaixig fiqifr ka

jkqixgeig' D hir ~xdbcbi cg lcr dxid cr k

hdg li bxidckg ka ygaygoio edgodir dbxkrrli ocaaixig fiqifr ka doecgcrxdckg& dr cg

Oigedxm& akx i|de~fi'

D xd~cofs djicgj ~k~yfdckg cr rlcacgj& dgo

zcff bkgcgyi k ok rk& li oiedgo akx jkkor

dgo rixqcbir ~xkqcoio hs fkbdf jkqixgeigr

_li rldxi cg ~k~yfdckg ka cgocqcoydfr djio

19 sidxr kx ekxi cr bfkri k 41 ~ixbig kg

dqixdji cg li Iyxk~idg bkygxcir ygoix

i|decgdckg cg lcr bld~ix& zlcbl cr dekgj

li lcjlir cg li zkxfo' _li Ygcio Gdckgr

~xk`ibr li kfo%dji oi~igoigbs xdck k

gidxfs okyhfi oyxcgj 8>4>%9>' Dr d xiryf&

oiedgo akx lidfl dgo kfo%dji bdxi zcff

fcmifs xcri dgo oifcqixs bkrr zcff ~y

cgbxidrcgj ~xirryxi kg fkbdf hyojir'

Oiekjxd~lcb xigor dxi ~dxcbyfdxfs ircgj

cg rkylixg Iyxk~i& zlixi hcxl xdir dxi

ziff hifkz xi~fdbieig xdckr dgo

~k~yfdckg jxkzl xdir ,i|bfyocgj

ceecjxdckg# dxi dfxidos gijdcqi'

Ceecjxdckg dgo li cgijxdckg ka fkgj%ixe

xircoigr dxi bxidcgj bfdcer kg fkbdf hyojir&

ir~ibcdffs cg bkygxcir zlixi li fkbdf

dylkxccir ~fds d fidocgj xkfi cg li ~xkqcrckg

,dgo acgdgbcgj# ka lkyrcgj& ie~fkseig dgo

xifdio rkbcdf drrcrdgbi rixqcbir& zlcbl dxi cg

lcjl oiedgo dekgj ceecjxdgr' _li

~xk~kxckg ka akxicjg%hkxg cgocqcoydfr cg li

~k~yfdckg ka Jxiibi dgo R~dcg& akx i|de~fi&

cr dfxidos bfkri k 4> ~ixbig'

Dr cg li bdri ka fkbdf jkqixgeigi|~igocyxi aygbckgr& lixi dxi ce~kxdg

ocaaixigbir cg li drrcjgeig ka xiqigyi

k fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg Iyxk~i

Fkbdf jkqixgeig xiqigyi& cgbfyocgj fkbdf d|ir&

gkg%d| cgrxyeigr ,rybl dr yrix bldxjir

dgo aiir akx rixqcbir#& cgixjkqixgeigdf

jxdgr dgo xdgraixr& dbbkyg akx bfkri k 4>

~ixbig ka JO^ kg dqixdji cg li bkygxcir

ygoix i|decgdckg' Fkbdf jkqixgeig xiqigyi

cr eybl lcjlix kg dqixdji dr d rldxi ka jigixdf

jkqixgeig xibic~r cg rkei ygcdxs rdir&rybl dr li Gkxocb bkygxcir ,i|bi~ akx

Gkxzds#& ldg cg li aioixdf bkygxcir& rybl dr

Jixedgs' _li xifdcqi rldxir ka fkbdf

jkqixgeig xiqigyi dxi ~dxcbyfdxfs fkz cg

rkei Rkylixg Iyxk~idg bkygxcir& cgbfyocgj

Bs~xyr& Jxiibi& dgo Edfd'

D bdri bdg hi edoi akx xifscgj kg fkbdf d|ir&

xdlix ldg kg xiqigyi ekhcfcpio ifrizlixi& k

acgdgbi li ~xkqcrckg ka fkbdf rixqcbir' Rybl

xifcdgbi cjligr li fcgm hiziig li higiacr

dgo bkrr ka fkbdf rixqcbir& zlcbl cr fcmifs k

edmi fkbdf kaacbcdfr ekxi dbbkygdhfi k licx

d|~dsixr' Fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi hir

ityc~~io k d| ceekhcfi hdrir& hibdyri licx

xiqigyi scifo igor k hi adcxfs cgrigrccqi k

bsbfcbdf afybydckgr cg ibkgkecb dbcqcs' Dr d

xiryf& ~xk~ixs d| xiqigyi dbbkygr akx d

fdxji rldxi ka fkbdf jkqixgeig xibic~r cg

riqixdf Iyxk~idg bkygxcir& ir~ibcdffs Hifjcye&

Axdgbi dgo Cbifdgo'

Dg ce~kxdg bkgrcoixdckg cr li i|ig kadykgkes ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo

ldqi cg d| edixr' C bdg hi dxjyio ld

dykgkes cr higiacbcdf& hibdyri c eds

igldgbi d| bke~icckg dekgj li fkbdf

jkqixgeigr& zlcbl eds lif~ k bkgrxdcg

cgbxidrir cg ~yhfcb r~igocgj dgo d|dckg'

C cr kaig ocaacbyf k oxdz d ~xibcri fcgi

hiziig li qdxckyr s~ir ka xiqigyi

dbbxycgj k fkbdf jkqixgeigr& ir~ibcdffs

cg rk adx dr kzg& rldxio kx xdgraixxio

xiqigyi dxi bkgbixgio

_lcr cr li bdri ka li ~ixrkgdf dgo

bkx~kxdi cgbkei d|ir& akx i|de~fi& zlkri

xiqigyi cr kaig rldxio dekgj ocaaixig

fdsixr ka doecgcrxdckg& xdlix ldg hicgj

drrcjgio i|bfyrcqifs k fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Dgklix bkgrcoixdckg cr ld akxeyfd%hdrio

xiqigyi%rldxcgj dxxdgjieigr ldqi li

ocrdoqdgdji ka fcgmcgj fkbdf jkqixgeig


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


47/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr??

xibic~r k bigxdf jkqixgeig xiqigyi' _lcr cr

li bdri ka QD_ xiqigyi rldxcgj cg Jixedgs

dgo R~dcg& akx i|de~fi& zlcbl edmir fkbdfhyojir rigrccqi k bsbfcbdf afybydckgr cg

bigxdf kx ecoofi%cix jkqixgeig xiqigyi' Ca

fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi fcecio acgdgbcdf xkke

akx rekklcgj xdgrckxs hyojidxs rfc~~djir

drrkbcdio zcl li hyrcgirr bsbfi& oyi k d hdg

kg hkxxkzcgj& akx i|de~fi& xiqigyi rldxcgj

eds dfrk edmi fkbdf acgdgbir ~xk%bsbfcbdf'

Cg rkei bkygxcir& fkbdf hyojir dxi

acgdgbio ~xiokecgdgfs hs xdgraixr dgo

jxdgr axke lcjlix fiqifr ka doecgcrxdckg

_lcr cr li bdri ka ekr Zirixg Iyxk~idg

bkygxcir dgo d aiz Idrixg Iyxk~idg bkygxcir&

rybl dr Xkedgcd dgo Hyfjdxcd' _li Ygcio

Mcgjoke rdgor ky dekgj li ekxi ~k~yfkyr

Iyxk~idg bkygxcir kg li hdrcr ka cr fkbdf

jkqixgeigr xifcdgbi kg jxdgr dgo xdgraixr

axke li bigxi' Rblieir dxi cg ~fdbi cg edgs

bkygxcir k itydfcpi xiqigyi bd~dbcs dekgj

li fkbdf jkqixgeigr ,Dyrxcd& Oigedxm&

Jixedgs& Rzioig& Rzcpixfdgo#'

_li edcg bkgrcoixdckg cr ld jxdgr dgo

xdgraixr oxcqi d zioji hiziig li bkrr dgo

higiacr ka fkbdf ~xkqcrckg& zlcbl bxidir

ocrcgbigcqir akx bkr%iaaibcqi rixqcbi oifcqixs'

_k rkei i|ig& liri ocrcgbigcqir bdg hi

eccjdio lxkyjl bkgocckgdfcs' Idxedxmcgj cr

~dxcbyfdxfs bkeekg cg li bdri ka jxdgr k

acgdgbi cgqireig ~xkjxder'

_li fiqif ka fkbdf jkqixgeig

cgoihiogirr cg xifdckg k JO^ okir gk

ifcbc bkgbixg dhky li fkgjix%ixeryrdcgdhcfcs ka fkbdf ~yhfcb acgdgbir cg

Iyxk~i

Fkz oih ~krcckgr dxi oyi k d fdxji i|ig& k

xirxcbckgr kg fkbdf jkqixgeig hkxxkzcgj' Cg

ekr bdrir& fkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi kgfs dffkzio

k hkxxkz k acgdgbi cgqireig ,jkfoig xyfi#'

Jydxdgii ka fkbdf jkqixgeig fcdhcfccir hs

lcjlix%fiqif `yxcrocbckgr cr kaig hdggio'

Xirxcbckgr dxi cg ~fdbi cg ekr bkygxcir kg

li s~i ka bkffdixdf dffkzio cg fkbdf

jkqixgeig oih crrydgbi' Cg rkei bkygxcir&doecgcrxdcqi bkgxkfr kg fkbdf jkqixgeig

acgdgbcdf edgdjieig dxi hicgj xi~fdbio hs

~xyoigcdf xijyfdckgr& kaig hdrio kg oih

rixqcbi dgo fkdg xi~dseig bd~dbcs& dr ziff dr

kg li fiqif ka cgoihiogirr cg xifdckg k fkbdf

xiqigyi& dr cg Hyfjdxcd& Bpibl Xi~yhfcb& Jxiibi

dgo Ygcio Mcgjoke' Jycoifcgir dgo

xibkeeigodckgr kg fkbdf jkqixgeig

cgoihiogirr dxi dfrk dqdcfdhfi axke li

Bkygbcf ka Iyxk~i'

Fkbdf jkqixgeig cgoihiogirr xiedcgr

bke~dxdcqifs fkz cg Iyxk~i& oir~ci li

rldx~ oiixckxdckg cg hyoji ~krcckgr dbxkrr

li bkgcgig dr d xiryf ka li jfkhdf bxcrcr

dgo li igrycgj xibirrckg' _lcr oiixckxdckg

zcff bdff akx xieiocdf eidryxir cg li akxe ka

acrbdf xixigbleig kqix li eiocye%k%fkgjix

ixe& zlcbl zcff dfrk ce~cgji kg fkbdf

jkqixgeigr' _li edjgcyoi dgo ceiaxdei

ka acrbdf bkgrkfcodckg zcff qdxs axke bkygxs

k bkygxs& oi~igocgj ~xcedxcfs kg li cgccdf

fiqif ka oih& li rcpi ka li rceyfyr~dbmdjir ~y cg ~fdbi cg xir~kgri k li

jfkhdf bxcrcr& dgo li r~iio ka xibkqixs cg

ibkgkecb dbcqcs cg li bkecgj ekglr'

Bkgbfyrckgr

Cgixjkqixgeigdf ~xkqcrckgr kg rixqcbi

oifcqixs giio k xibkjgcpi li higiacr ka

fkbdf rifa%jkqixgeig' C cr ce~kxdg k xifs

kg xijyfdckgr dgo gkxer ri hs lcjlix fiqifr

ka jkqixgeig k igryxi ld ecgceye

rdgodxor dxi ei lxkyjlky li gdckgdfixxckxs' Hy~kfcbsedmixr rlkyfo edmi ryxi

ld k~%okzg xijyfdckgr ok gk byxdcf licx

dhcfcs k dcfkx rixqcbi oifcqixs k fkbdf

~xiaixigbir dgo giior& zlcbl eds qdxs

dbxkrr xijckgr& ir~ibcdffs cg ixxckxcdffs

ocqixri bkygxcir' D xifdio crryi cr ld ka

bkr rlcacgj dbxkrr fiqifr ka jkqixgeig&

zlcbl kaig dxcri zlig k~%okzg xijyfdckgr

ce~kri d acgdgbcdf hyxoig kg fkbdf hyojir'


48/98

?9

Zlig ygaygoio& rybl cgixjkqixgeigdf bkr

rlcacgj rlkyfo hi hdggio'

Oiedgo akx fkbdf rixqcbir& cgbfyocgj li

~xkqcrckg ka rifibio kfo dji%xifdio bdxi&

dgo bkeeygcs dgo rkbcdf rixqcbir& cr xcrcgj

cg Iyxk~i' _lcr xigo cr ~dxcbyfdxfs

bldffigjcgj cg bkygxcir adbcgj ocaacbyfcir

dxcrcgj axke d xd~cofs djicgj ~k~yfdckg dgo

li giio k dhrkxh dgo cgijxdi

ceecjxdgr' _lixiakxi& bkkxocgdckg giior

k hi hkkrio dekgj li ocaaixig fiqifr ka

jkqixgeig k oiqcri zkxmdhfi& bkr%iaaibcqi

rkfyckgr k liri ~xkhfier ld zkyfo dmi

cgk dbbkyg fkbdf jkqixgeig i|~ixcri cg

rixqcbi oifcqixs dgo licx dhcfcs k i|xdb

cgakxedckg ka xircoigr ~xiaixigbir dgo

giior'

D li IY fiqif& iaakxr k i|~dgo li

cgixgdf edxmi giio k dmi fkbdf blkcbi

cgk dbbkyg' _li ~xkqcrckg ka ~yhfcb

rixqcbir ldr bkei ygoix cgbxidrcgj rbxycgs

axke li Iyxk~idg dylkxccir dr lis riim

k i|~dgo li Iyxk~idg cgixgdf edxmi'9

_igrckgr ldqi lixiakxi kaig dxcrig zclryh%gdckgdf jkqixgeigr cg edixr ld

lis ~ixbicqi dr zclcg li xiec ka licx

rifa%jkqixgeig ~xixkjdcqir' D Iyxk~idg

Bldxix kg Fkbdf dgo Xijckgdf Rixqcbir ka

Jigixdf Cgixir zdr ~xk~krio cg 8>>3 k

oidf zcl lcr edix' Djdcgr lcr

hdbmjxkygo& iaakx rlkyfo hi ri~~io y~ k

xibkgbcfi cgccdcqir kzdxor hycfocgj dg

cgixgdf edxmi zcl li giio k ~xirixqi

fkbdf ~xiaixigbir dgo blkcbi'

Zcl xijdxo k kzg xiqigyi rkyxbir& lixicr d fk ka ocqixrcs dekgj Iyxk~idg fkbdf

jkqixgeigr kg li ec| ka d| cgrxyeigr

dqdcfdhfi k fkbdf jkqixgeigr' Ceekhcfi

d|ir& rybl dr lkri kg ~xk~ixs& dxi li

coidf rkyxbir ka xiqigyi akx fkbdf

jkqixgeigr' Cg doocckg& li i|~ixcigbi ka

riqixdf bkygxcir ryjjirr ld& zlcfi li

~ixrkgdf cgbkei d| zkxmr tyci ziff dr d

fkbdf d| kx zlig cr xiqigyi cr rldxio

hiziig ocaaixig fiqifr ka jkqixgeig& li

bkx~kxdi cgbkei d| cr hir edgdjio hs

li bigxdf jkqixgeig'

_lixi eds hi rbk~i akx xdcrcgj fkbdf xiqigyi

lxkyjl yrix bldxjir dgo aiir akx rixqcbir&

hy bkgbixg ld bk%~dseigr eds lcgoix

dbbirr hs rifibio rkbcdf jxky~r k fkbdf

rixqcbir ldr kaig ocrbkyxdjio fkbdf

jkqixgeigr axke fiqscgj bldxjir dgo aiir

akx rixqcbir' Zlcfi xibkjgcpcgj li bkgrxdcgr

ce~krio hs r~ibcacb bkygxs igqcxkgeigr&

fkbdf dylkxccir rlkyfo bkgcgyi k iqdfydi

li bkrr dgo higiacr ka yrix bldxjir cg licx

iaakxr k xdcri xiqigyi'

_lixi cr rbk~i akx ce~xkqcgj li oircjg ka

acrbdf xyfir akx fkbdf jkqixgeigr' Xyfir ld

xirxcb fkbdf jkqixgeig dbbirr k bxioc

edxmir eds igbkyxdji fkbdf jkqixgeigr k

xifs kgfs kg hdgm figocgj dr d rkyxbi ka

acgdgbi kx k fkkm akx cgjigckyr eibldgcrer

akx hs~drrcgj xirxcbckgr kg oih crrydgbi' Cg

lcr bdri& bkgrcoixdckg bkyfo hi jcqig k li

k~ckg ka xi~fdbcgj rybl xirxcbckgr hs ekxi

bke~xiligrcqi ~xyoigcdf xijyfdckgr hdriokg oih xi~dseig bd~dbcs ld ok gk

ocrkx ~kfcbsedmixr blkcbi kqix acgdgbcdf

cgrxyeigr'

Hkxxkzcgj bkgrxdcgr kx hdfdgbio hyoji

~xkqcrckgr edmi c ocaacbyf akx fkbdf

jkqixgeigr k rekkl li hyojidxs ce~db

ka afybydckgr cg li hyrcgirr bsbfi' _lcr cr

ir~ibcdffs li bdri ka fkbdf dylkxccir ld

xifs ka bsbfcbdf xiqigyi& lxkyjl kzg

bkffibckgr kx rldxcgj dxxdgjieigr zcl

lcjlix fiqifr ka jkqixgeig' Cg lcr bdri&hdfdgbio hyoji ~xkqcrckgr bkyfo hi

xioiacgio kg d bsbfcbdffs do`yrio hdrcr& rk

fkgj dr fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi dbbirr k

hyoji acgdgbcgj axke gkg%jkqixgeig

rkyxbir cg hdo ceir dgo cgrxyeigr k rdqi

bsbfcbdf xiqigyi zcgoadffr cg jkko ceir'

9' ^yhfcb rixqcbir&

cgbfyocgj lkri ld

daaib cgocqcoydf

bccpigr tydfcs ka fcai&

ryrdcgdhfi ibkgkecb

oiqifk~eig kx

rkbcdf+xijckgdf

bklirckg& dxi mgkzg

cg IY dxjkg dr

Rixqcbir ka Jigixdf

Cgixir ,RJCr# kx

Rixqcbir ka Jigixdf

Ibkgkecb Cgixir

,RJICr#'


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


49/98

Ygctio Bctcir dgo Fkbdf Jkqixgeigtr?1

Iyxk~idg Xijckgdf kfcbs Xibkeeigodtckgr

Hdrio kg xibkeeigodckgr ~xirigio hs li xi~xirigdcqir ka BIEX eiehixr cg

li zkxmrlk~ ka li Bcs ka Rbidy| ,^dxcr& Edxbl 8>4>#0

Iyxk~ir fkbdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeigr zcff zcrl k xir~kgo k li ed`kx acrbdf

bldffigjir dgo ~xirryxir zlcbl gkz bkgaxkg lie' Cg ~dxcbyfdx& lis zcff giio k

bkgrcoix lkz k igjdji iaaibcqifs zcl bigxdf jkqixgeigr& zcl d qciz k

edcgdcgcgj li ed|ceye rbk~i akx fkbdf dgo xijckgdf rifa%jkqixgeig akx li

bkecgj oibdoir' Rkei mis ~kcgr dxi fcmifs k hi0

Fkbdf dgo ryh%gdckgdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo gk dmi d ocr~xk~kxckgdi rldxi ka

li acrbdf xioybckgr kqix li bkecgj sidxr& zlilix qcd xioybio fkbdf xiqigyi kx

lxkyjl byr cg cgix%jkqixgeigdf xdgraixr=

_lixi rlkyfo hi xibkjgcckg ld fkbdf jkqixgeigr ldqi jigixdffs firr acrbdf

afi|chcfcs ldg gdckgdf jkqixgeigr& dgo akx li ekr ~dx ldqi gk cgbyxxio lcjl

fiqifr ka cgoihiogirr=

Bigxdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo dfrk xibkjgcpi ld fkbdf dylkxccir jigixdffs ldqi

ed`kx rkbcdf zifadxi khfcjdckgr& zlcbl bdggk hi irbd~io zlcfi ygie~fkseig

dgo klix ~kqixs cgocbdkxr dxi lcjl& ld dxi ~xk%bsbfcbdf cg ce~db& dgo kqix

zlcbl lis ldqi fcfi ocxib bkgxkf=

Bigxdf dgo ryh%gdckgdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo kjilix xibkjgcpi li giio akxjkko tydfcs ayyxi%kxcigio bd~cdf cgqireig& edcgfs acgdgbio hs giz oih&

i'j' kg jxiigcgj li ayyxi ibkgkes dgo yxhdg cgaxdrxybyxi=

Cg ekr bkygxcir& li fkbdf jkqixgeig d| hdri rlkyfo hi hxkdoigio k jcqi

ekxi acrbdf xkke akx edgiyqix dgo ~xkibckg axke i|birrcqi cgbkei fkrrir axke

dgs kgi rkyxbi=

Fkbdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo ldqi ekxi axiioke k xdcri aiir dgo bldxjir=

Jxdgr axke bigxdf jkqixgeigr rlkyfo hi aizix ,c'i' ka d ekxi jigixdf

bldxdbix#& kgfs idx%edxmio cg i|bi~ckgdf bdrir& dgo ~xkqcoio zclky ce~krcgj

ygoyi doecgcrxdcqi dgo xijyfdkxs hyxoigr=

_li IY giior k edmi cr cgixgdf edxmi dgo ~yhfcb ~xkbyxieig xyfir firr

bigxdfcpio dgo cgxyrcqi& zcl ekxi rbk~i akx fkbdf blkcbi kg fkbdf rixqcbir& dgo

zcl firr oidcfio ~xirbxc~ckg' _li bklirckg ~kfcbcir eyr k hi ~xirixqio'

D li rdei cei& fkbdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeigr zcff giio k lcgm qixs bdxiayffs dhky

lkz k ok li hir akx licx bccpigr zclcg li xioybio xirkyxbir dqdcfdhfi' _lcr eidgr

ld lis eds ldqi d bkeekg cgixir cg fkkmcgj d giz zdsr ka oifcqixcgj ~yhfcb rixqcbir


50/98

?:Ribkgo Jfkhdf Xi~kxt kg Oibigtxdfcpdtckg dgo Fkbdf Oiekbxdbs' JKFO 8>4>

I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS

bkr%iaaibcqifs& dgo d giz zdsr ka xioybcgj doecgcrxdcqi bkrr' _li xdgji ka k~ckgr

eyr oi~igo kg fkbdf blkcbir& zlilix hs cgbxidrio cgix%bkeeygdf bkk~ixdckg& hs rkei

kyrkyxbcgj kx ^^r& hs rldxcgj rkei rixqcbir hiziig ocaaixig fiqifr ka jkqixgeig& dgork kg' _lixi zcff giio k hi dg iqig jxidix ie~ldrcr kg hicgj xir~kgrcqi k li bccpigr

dgo yrixr ka rixqcbir'

_li ce~kxdg ~kcg zcff hi akx fkbdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeigr k hi ~xkdbcqi cg dff ka

liri crryir& dgo gk bioi li cgccdcqi k bigxdf jkqixgeigr' _li xkfi ka gdckgdf

drrkbcdckgr ka fkbdf dgo xijckgdf jkqixgeigr cr ka ~dxcbyfdx ce~kxdgbi& rcgbi lis bdg

jcqi doqcbi dgo xdcgcgj k licx eiehixr& ocxibfs kx lxkyjl odyjlix bke~dgcir& dr ziff

dr gijkcdi zcl bigxdf jkqixgeigr'

Dekgjr li ~kcgr akx ocrbyrrckg zcl bigxdf jkqixgeigr& fkbdf dylkxccir zcff kaig

zcrl k ie~ldrcpi ld0

Zlixi ixxckxcdf xiakxer dxi hicgj bkgrcoixio cg kxoix k igldgbi iaacbcigbs dgo

bkr%iaaibcqigirr& ~xckxcs rlkyfo hi jcqig k ry~~kxcgj cgix%eygcbc~df akxer ka

bk%k~ixdckg& xdlix lig bigxdffs ce~krio dedfjdedckgr zlcbl kaig ok gk

xir~ib fkbdf giior dgo coigccir'

C cr irrigcdf ld lixi dxi iaaibcqi dgo adcx dxxdgjieigr& cgqkfqcgj dff fiqifr ka

jkqixgeig& akx bk%kxocgdckg dgo gijkcdckg kg acgdgbcdf dgo acrbdf crryir& cg

~dxcbyfdx kg li xyfir akx dgo dekygr ka acgdgbcdf xdgraixr& jxdgr dgo

xiocrxchyio xirkyxbir ,cg ~dxcbyfdx itydfcpdckg ~xkbirrir#& hy dfrk bkqixcgj

li ~kfcbs axdeizkxmr akx dff ed`kx rixqcbir+bke~iigbir'

C zcff ~xkhdhfs hi zcri kx iqig gibirrdxs k xs k xidbl rkei akxe ka rifieig

kx bke~xkecri zcl bigxdf jkqixgeigr& hdrio kg ~xkibcgj mis ~xcgbc~fir ka

rifa%jkqixgeig ,rii Dxcbfi 3 ka li Iyxk~idg Bldxix& dhkqi#'

Zi rlkyfo dfrk gk cjgkxi li Iyxk~idg Ygckg& zlcbl cr ~fdscgj dg cgbxidrcgjfs ce~kxdg

xkfi cg xifdckg k ibkgkecb ~kfcbs& bklirckg aygor dr ziff dr li xyfir akx ~yhfcb rixqcbir'

Lixi kk& lixi cr d giio akx iaaibcqi dgo adcx bk%kxocgdckg dxxdgjieigr& cgqkfqcgj li

Iyxk~idg Bkeecrrckg dgo li xi~xirigdcqi drrkbcdckgr ka fkbdf dgo xijckgdf

jkqixgeig' _li ~yx~kri zkyfo hi k iqdfydi li acgdgbcdf& doecgcrxdcqi& dgo

xijyfdkxs ce~db ka IY fdzr dgo ~kfcbcir kg ryh%gdckgdf jkqixgeigr dgo riim

ce~xkqieigr cg li axdeizkxm'


51/98


52/98

?3

_li jigixdf xigo ldr hiig dg cgbxidrcgj fiqif

ka acrbdf oibigxdfcpdckg cg li Fdcg Deixcbdg

xijckg kqix li fdr zk oibdoir xi~xirigio

hs d jxkzcgj ~dxcbc~dckg ka ryh%gdckgdf

i|~igocyxir dr ~ixbig ka gdckgdf

i|~igocyxir ,axke dg ka dqixdji 42 ~ixbig cg

43>9#& kx dr ryh%gdckgdf

xiqigyir dgo i|~igocyxir dr ~ixbig ka JO^

,axke 9'9 ~ixbig cg 8>>> k 1'1 ~ixbig cg

8>>:# ]Rii acjyxi :U' Lkziqix& lixi dxi

rcjgcacbdg qdxcdckgr cg liri xigor dbxkrr

bkygxcir cg li xijckg' Eidryxcgj acrbdf

oibigxdfcpdckg cg ixer ka li dbydf

dykgkes k edmi i|~igocyxi dgo d|

xiqigyi oibcrckgr& lixi ldr dfrk hiig

~xkjxirr& hy ld ~xkjxirr cr firr ziff oiacgio'

Kqixdff& cgbxidrio oibigxdfcpdckg bdg hi

oiibio cg li oiqkfyckg ka giz

xir~kgrchcfccir cgbfyocgj li igqcxkgeig dgo

li acjl djdcgr ~kqixs dgo cg li cgbxidri cg

@kxji Edxgip%

Qptyip

Jikxjcd Rdi

Ygcqixrcs& Y'R'D'

Fdt cg DeixcbdI|ibyt cqi Ryee dxs

Acjyxi :0 Fkbdf Jkqixgeigt I|~igoctyxi dgo Xiqigyi dr d dxt kaJigixdf Jkqixgeigt Hyojitr cg Fdtcg Deixcbd

?>)

2>)

8>)

4>)

>

xiqigyi

i|~igocyxi


53/98


oibigxdfcpio i|~igocyxir cg ioybdckg&

lidfl& ib' Firr ~xkjxirr bdg hi oiibio cg

li oiqkfyckg ka dykgkekyr xiqigyi rkyxbir'

Acrbdf oibigxdfcpdckg bkgcgyir k hi d

osgdecb ~xkbirr cg Fdcg Deixcbd' Xibig ceir

ldqi riig d qdxcis ka cggkqdckgr cg li xijckg

ld ldqi dxdbio cgixir axke dff bkxgixr ka

li zkxfo& akx i|de~fi xdgmcgj fkbdf

~ixakxedgbi rsrier cg Hxdpcf dgo Bkfkehcd&

~ix bfcig hdrio xdgraixr akx lidfl dgo

ioybdckg cg Blcfi& kx acjlcgj ~kqixs zcl

ocxib xdgraixr k adecfcir doecgcrixio hs

eygcbc~dfccir cg Hxdpcf' D jkko gyehix ka

bkygxcir dxi iehdxmio y~kg kx bkgrcoixcgj

rcjgcacbdg xiakxer ld zcff ayxlix oii~ig dgo

rxigjlig eygcbc~df dykgkes& rybl dr

Hkfcqcd& Yxyjyds& dgo Bkrd Xcbd'

Hy kg li klix ldgo& lixi dxi bkygxcir cg

li xijckg zlixi rkei xigor ldqi hiig

kzdxo rkei akxer ka xi%bigxdfcpdckg& rybl

dr Dxjigcgd& Bkfkehcd& Okecgcbdg Xi~yhfcb&

^ixy& dgo Qigipyifd'


_li fkbdf jkqixgeig rldxir cg kdf ~yhfcb

i|~igocyxir dgo cg JO^ cg Fdcg Deixcbd

ocaaix rcjgcacbdgfs hs bkygxs hy liri

rldxir dxi jigixdffs fkzix ldg lkri

khrixqio cg klix xijckgr ka li zkxfo' _lixi

dxi igkxekyr qdxcdckgr cg li drrcjgeig ka

xir~kgrchcfccir k eygcbc~dfccir xi~xirigcgj

d ekrdcb ka d~~xkdblir& hy zcl d

~xi~kgoixdgbi ka bkgbyxxig xir~kgrchcfccir

zcl li bigix' Eygcbc~df jkqixgeigr cgedgs Fdcg Deixcbdg bkygxcir ~fds d fdxji

xkfi cg ~yhfcb cgqireig cg cgaxdrxybyxi d

li ryh%gdckgdf fiqif kaig dr itydf ~dxgixr

zcl y~~ix fiqif jkqixgeigr'

^xdbcbdffs dff bkygxcir ka Fdcg Deixcbd

drrcjg bixdcg d|ir k fkbdf jkqixgeigr dgo

li ekr bkeekgfs drrcjgio d| cr li

~xk~ixs d|' _li fiqif ka d| dykgkes

jxdgio k fkbdf jkqixgeigr dfrk qdxcir hy&

kg dqixdji& eygcbc~dfccir xdcri d lcjlix

~ixbigdji ka licx hyojir axke kzgxiqigyir ldg cr li bdri cg rkei klix

xijckgr ka li zkxfo' Giqixlifirr& cg

~xdbcbdffs dff bkygxcir cg li xijckg lixi dxi

fdxji qixcbdf cehdfdgbir ld giio k hi

bfkrio zcl xdgraixr'

_li ekr bkeekg akxe ka xdgraix cr jigixdf

xiqigyi rldxcgj& oiacgio kg li hdrcr ka bigxdf

jkqixgeig jigixdf xiqigyir kx r~ibcacb d|

rkyxbir dgo ocrxchyio dbbkxocgj k d akxeyfd

cgoi| bkgdcgcgj ~k~yfdckg dgo klix

qdxcdhfir& kx& firr kaig& kg d oixcqdckg ,c'i'

kxcjcg# hdrcr' Rkei bkygxcir dffkz

ygbkgocckgdf yri ka rldxio xiqigyir hy ekxi

kaig li yri ka aygor cr bkgocckgdf' Hiskgo

li yri ka bkgocckgdfcs akx xiqigyi rldxcgj

aygor& xdocckgdf bkgocckgdf kx r~ibcacb

xdgraixr dxi firr i|igrcqifs yrio cg Fdcg

Deixcbd ldg cg klix xijckgr ka li zkxfo' _li

~xdbcbi ka i|~fcbcfs dooxirrcgj lkxcpkgdf acrbdf

ocr~dxccir dekgj fkbdf jkqixgeigr lxkyjl

i|~fcbc itydfcpdckg xdgraixr cr rcff gk

bkeekg iclix' Ekr bkygxcir cg li xijckgdffkz fkbdf jkqixgeigr k hkxxkz ryh`ib k

~xyoig xyfir dgo fcecdckgr'

_li ocrbyrrckg dhky li r~ibcdf crryir&

bkgrxdcgr dgo k~~kxygccir akx li

oiqifk~eig ka fkbdf acgdgbi cg Fdcg Deixcbd cr

akbyrio dxkygo riqixdf ed`kx lieir0 ,d#

Kxjdgcpdckgdf Rxybyxi= ,h# Cgixjkqixgeigdf

Acrbdf Rsrie Oircjg= dgo ,b# Rlkx _ixe dgo

Fkgj _ixe Rxybyxdf Bldffigjir'

Crryir cg kxjdgcpdtckgdf rtxybt yxi

Axdjeigtdtckg dgo ryh%k~tcedf rbdfi

Edgs bkygxcir cg li xijckg ldqi gyeixkyr

fkbdf jkqixgeigr ld dxi kk redff k dmi

doqdgdji ka ibkgkecir ka rbdfir cg li

oifcqixs ka ~yhfcb rixqcbir' Kaig lcr ~xkhfie

cr djjxdqdio hs li cgbigcqir ~xkqcoio akx

ayxlix axdjeigdckg hs xdgraix akxeyfdr


54/98

94

ld igryxi ac|io dekygr ka aygor k idbl

eygcbc~dfcs& xijdxofirr ka rcpi'

_li txdoi%kaa hitziig ibkgkecir ka rbdfi

dgo xi~xirigtdtckg

_li crryi ka li k~cedf rbdfi ka fkbdf

jkqixgeigr ~xirigr dg cglixig xdoikaa

hiziig li ,~kigcdf# hiix ~kfccbdf

bkggibckg cg ixer ka xi~xirigdckg dgo

dbbkygdhcfcs ka redffix `yxcrocbckgr zcl li

,~kigcdf# jxidix acrbdf qcdhcfcs ka fdxjix

`yxcrocbckgr' _lyr& li crryi ka yxcrocbckg rcpi

cr gk kgfs kx ~xcedxcfs d iblgcbdf crryi& hy

dfrk kgi ld cgqkfqir ~kfccbdf bkgrcoixdckgr'

Fkbdf doecgcrtxdtcqi bd~dbcts

Bfkrifs drrkbcdio zcl li ~xkhfie ka redff

rcpi cr li fdbm ka doecgcrxdcqi bd~dbcs ka

fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg edgs bkygxcir cg li

xijckg& ~dxcbyfdxfs cg redff dgo xyxdf fkbdf

jkqixgeigr' _li cgbxidrio oibigxdfcpdckg

~xkbirr cg li xijckgr cg jigixdf ldr gk

hxkyjl cgbxidrio bkffdhkxdckg dgo iblgcbdf

ry~~kx hs bigxdf jkqixgeig djigbcir keygcbc~dfccir'

Crryir cg cgtixjkqixgeigtdf a crbdfrsr tie oircjg

Fdbm ka bfdxcts cg tli drrcjgeigt ka

i|~igoctyxi xir~kgrchcfctcir tk fkbdf

jkqixgeigtr

Kgi ka li zidmir ~kcgr ka edgs

oibigxdfcpdckg ~xkjxder cg Fdcg Deixcbd

ldr hiig li rbdg digckg jcqig k d bfidxdrrcjgeig ka i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir ka ryh%

gdckgdf jkqixgeigr= s~cbdffs li akbyr ldr

hiig dfekr i|bfyrcqifs kg ~ycgj cg ~fdbi

rkei akxe ka acgdgbcgj rbliei' _li fdbm ka

bfdxcs cg li bke~iigbcir ka li ocaaixig

cixr kaig ldr hiig djjxdqdio hs0 li

cgrcrigbi kg ygcakxe ,dr k~~krio k

drseeixcb# drrcjgeigr& li ~xdbcbi ka

ygaygoio edgodir& dgo li fdbm ka

xdgr~dxig eilkokfkjcir k xdgrfdi li

drrcjgeig ka aygbckgdf xir~kgrchcfccir cgk

li eidryxieig ka i|~igocyxi giior'

Cgryaacbcigt xiqigyi dytkgkes

_li fiqif ka d| xiqigyi dykgkes ka fkbdf

jkqixgeigr ocaaixr tyci rcjgcacbdgfs dbxkrr

Fdcg Deixcbdg bkygxcir& xifdcqifs lcjl cg

Hxdpcf dgo Blcfi& hy xifdcqifs fkz cg If

Rdfqdokx& Ei|cbk dgo ^ixy zlixi lixi cr

rcjgcacbdgfs firr dykgkes' Hy& cg jigixdf& dr

cg rkei klix xijckgr ka li zkxfo ,Daxcbd& Drcd&

dgo edgs Iyxk~idg bkygxcir#& fkbdf xiqigyi

dykgkes cg Fdcg Deixcbd xiedcgr hifkz zld

cr oircxdhfi' Lkziqix& edmcgj d bdri akx

jxidix fkbdf d| dykgkes cr lyx hs li

~ixbi~ckg ld edgs fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg li

xijckg ok gk edmi iaaibcqi yri ka li d|

dykgkes ld cr byxxigfs jxdgio k lie cg

li fdz& akx i|de~fi& ~xk~ixs d|ir'

Yghygofcgj xiqigyi rldxcgj

Xiqigyi rldxcgj cr li ekr bkeekg

eibldgcre akx dxxdgjcgj acrbdf xdgraixr k ryh%gdckgdf jkqixgeigr cg li xijckg' _li edcg

~xkhfie zcl jigixdf xiqigyi rldxcgj cr ld

jigixdffs lixi cr bkgayrckg kqix zld i|dbfs

li ocrxchyckg akxeyfdr dxi xscgj k dblciqi=

~yxrycgj edgs kh`ibcqir zcl irrigcdffs kgi

cgrxyeig igor k hi li rkyxbi ka ld

bkgayrckg' _lixi cr dfrk bkgayrckg kg zlilix

li yri ka xiqigyi rldxcgj aygor rlkyfo hi

bkgocckgdf kx ygbkgocckgdf'

_li giio tk xdtckgdfcpi tli txdgraix

rsrtie

Zcl li i|bi~ckg ka d aiz bkygxcir& li

byxxig rsrie ka xdgraixr k fkbdf

jkqixgeigr cg Fdcg Deixcbd fdbmr bfidx

rxybyxi' Ekr bkygxcir rcff ldqi k cgxkoybi

ygbkgocckgdf itydfcpdckg jxdgr ld

cgbkx~kxdi rkei akxeyfd%hdrio eidryxir ka

i|~igocyxi giior dgo acrbdf bd~dbcs' Iqig

lkyjl edgs bkygxcir ldqi rkei akxe ka


I\IBY_CQI RYEEDXS


55/98


bkgocckgdf jxdgr& liri fdbm bfidx kh`ibcqir

dgo ~xiocbdhcfcs& ir~ibcdffs cg li dxid ka

bd~cdf jxdgr' Zlig bkgocckgdf jxdgr dxiyrio& bke~fi|cs ka li rsrie cr kaig d

~xkhfie'

Cgbxidrcgj acrbdffs xir~kgrchfi fkbdf

hkxxkzcgj

Kgi bkgrityigbi ka Hxdpcf dgo Dxjigcgdr

i|~ixcigbir zcl ygbkgxkffio ryh%gdckgdf

hkxxkzcgj dgo ls~ixcgafdckg oyxcgj li 43r

dgo 433>r cr ld li ~kfcbs ka rkei bkygxcir

cg li xijckg kzdxor fkbdf jkqixgeig

hkxxkzcgj ldr hibkei i|birrcqifs

bkgrixqdcqi dgo xirxcbcqi' _lyr d ~igocgj

bldffigji akx riqixdf bkygxcir cr lkz k ri y~

cgrcyckgr ld iaaibcqifs xijyfdi dgo

ekgckx fkbdf hkxxkzcgj zclky hibkecgj

kqixfs xirxcbcqi' D ribkgo bldffigji akx

~xdbcbdffs dff bkygxcir cr lkz k edmi ekxi

bxioc dqdcfdhfi k fkbdf jkqixgeigr akx

xir~kgrchfi hkxxkzcgj' Cg ~xdbcbi& zcl li

i|bi~ckg ka d bky~fi ka bkygxcir& li fiqif ka

hkxxkzcgj hs fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg Fdcg

Deixcbd cr adx kk fkz k eii li ~xirigfdxji giio akx ~yhfcb cgaxdrxybyxi dbxkrr li

ryh%bkgcgig'

Rlkxt tixe0 Dooxirrcgj tli ce~dbt ka tli

jfkhdf bxcrcr

Cg 8>>3& fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg li Fdcg

Deixcbdg xijckg ldqi riig d oiixckxdckg ka

licx acrbdf ~krcckg dr d bkgrityigbi ka li kg%

jkcgj jfkhdf acgdgbcdf bxcrcr' Fcmi cg edgs klix

xijckgr ka li zkxfo& fkbdf jkqixgeigr cg Fdcg

Deixcbd ldqi hiig ayxlix bkgrxdcgio hs licxoi~igoigbi kg bigxdf jkqixgeig xdgraixr

dgo licx fdbm ka dbbirr k bxioc edxmir'

Lkziqix& hiskgo li ce~db ka li bxcrcr& rkei

ldqi dmig doqdgdji ka lcr bxcrcr k dmi d

ldxoix fkkm d licx rsrier ka

cgixjkqixgeigdf acrbdf xifdckgr dgo lkz

eygcbc~df acgdgbir bdg hi rxigjligio cg li

fkgj xyg'

Fkgj tixe0 Rtxybtyxdf bldffigjir

Hiskgo li rlkx%ixe crryi ka xijdcgcgjacrbdf hdfdgbi& edgs fkbdf jkqixgeigr adbi

rcecfdx fkgj%ixe rxybyxdf bldffigjir' _li

bld~ix lcjlfcjlr lxii ka liri bldffigjir0

,c# rxigjligcgj d| bd~dbcs dgo cr iaaibcqi

yri hs fkbdf jkqixgeigr' ,cc# cgbxidrcgj li

iaacbcigbs ka ~yhfcb i|~igocyxir dgo li

tydfcs ka ~yhfcb rixqcbir= dgo ,ccc# acgocgj

dqigyir k acgdgbi li fdxji bd~cdf

cgaxdrxybyxi oiacbc akx eygcbc~df rixqcbir cg

li xijckg& xitycxcgj d bkehcgdckg ka bd~cdf

xdgraixr axke bigxdf jkqixgeigr dgo

hiix dbbirr k fkbdf bxioc'

Bkgbfyrckgr

Kg kxjdgcpdtckgdf rt xybtyxi

Bkygxcir zcl ~xkhfier ka axdjeigdckg

dgo redff eygcbc~dfccir rlkyfo cgxkoybi

fijcrfdckg dgo ~xdbcbdf ry~~kx akx li

bxidckg ka drrkbcdckgr ka eygcbc~dfccir

cgk edgbkeygcodoir'

Ekr bigxdf jkqixgeigr cg li xijckg&

dgo ~xkqcgbcdf kx rdi jkqixgeigr cg li

bdri ka aioixdf rsrier& rlkyfo oiqki

ekxi xirkyxbir k oiqifk~cgj doecgcrxdcqi

bd~dbcs& ir~ibcdffs cg li bdri ka redff

dgo xyxdf fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Kg cg tixjkqixgeigt d f a cr bd frs r tie oir cjg

Ekr rsrier ka cgixjkqixgeigdf acrbdf

xifdckgr cg li xijckg zkyfo higiac axke dgi|~fcbc bfdxcacbdckg ka li bke~iigbcir

drrcjgio k fkbdf jkqixgeigr& coigcascgj

i|bfyrcqi xir~kgrchcfccir ka fkbdf

jkqixgeigr zlixi ~krrchfi& dgo cg li

bdri ka bkgbyxxig xir~kgrchcfccir&

coigcascgj li dxchyir ka li ~dxcbyfdx

bke~iigbi ,xijyfdckg& acgdgbcgj& dgo

ce~fieigdckg# drrcjgio k fkbdf

jkqixgeigr'


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Zlixi rcjgcacbdg ocaaixigbir cg doecgcrxdcqi

bd~dbcs d li fkbdf fiqif ~ixrcr& c eds

hi oircxdhfi k cgxkoybi ie~kxdxcfsdrseeixcb bke~iigbcir& zcl zk kx

d ekr lxii ocaaixig ~dbmdjir ka

i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir ld bdg hi

oiqkfqio k fkbdf jkqixgeigr'

Xijckg%zcoi xdgr~dxig d~~xkdblir rlkyfo

hi dok~io k xdgrfdi li drrcjgeig ka

aygbckgdf xir~kgrchcfccir cgk i|~igocyxi

giior'

Jxidix fkbdf xiqigyi dykgkes cr d

bldffigji gk si hicgj doitydifs

dooxirrio' _lixi cr d giio k acgo d hiix

hdfdgbi hiziig li oibigxdfcpdckg ka

i|~igocyxi xir~kgrchcfccir dgo li dylkxcs

k bkffib fkbdf d|ir axke li xircoigr

ocxibfs higiaccgj axke fkbdf rixqcbir'

Bkygxcir ld ldqi gk drrcjgio

~xk~ixs d| k fkbdf jkqixgeigr

rlkyfo ok rk'

Klix d|ir ld rlkyfo hi drrcjgio kfkbdf jkqixgeigr dxi& akx i|de~fi&

qilcbfi d|ir& hyrcgirr fcbigrir& dgo

hiixeig fiqcir kg xidf irdi akx

acgdgbcgj hdrcb cgaxdrxybyxi

ce~xkqieigr'

Rkei oijxii ka ocrbxickg cg ricgj d|

xdir rlkyfo hi jxdgio k dff fkbdf

jkqixgeigr& zclcg fijcrfdio

ed|ceye dgo ecgceye xdir'

Bkgrcoix li cgxkoybckg ka giz d|irdrrcjgio k li fkbdf fiqif cgbfyo

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Local Governments Finances- GOLD 2010