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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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FUNCTIONS SUPPORT & SHAPE - organs and tissues of the body
are held in place by the skeleton.
PROTECTION provides a rigid surface for protectionof vital organs ie. cranium protects the brain
MOVEMENT bones provide a base for muscleattachment. It allows movement of the body throughusing the bones as levers.
PRODUCTION & bones provide a site formanufacture of red & white blood cells STORAGE - storage of minerals. Ie.calcium
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Why do you need your bones?
Your bones protect
your other importantbody parts.
Your bones give youshape.
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My skull
protects
my
brain.
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My rib cage
protectsmy
heart
andlungs.
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What would you look like
without bones?Without bones
inside you
to give you shape,you would be a
BLOB!
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Skeletons have 5 major functions
Support & Shape
Movement
Protection of internal organs
Produce blood cells
Store materials
SKELETAL SUPPORT
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There are three main types of skeletons
Hydrostatic skeleton
Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton
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Hydrostatic skeleton
Consists of fluid held under pressure in aclosed body compartment
Protects body parts by cushioning themfrom shock
Provides body shape, which can bechanged by contracting muscles in the
body wall Provides support for muscle action
Earthworms, hydras, and jellies havehydrostatic skeletons
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The hydrostatic skeleton of a hydra
Figure 30.2A
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An earthworm
Figure 30.1D
1
Longitudinalmusclerelaxed
(extended)
2
Circularmusclecontracted
3
Bristles
Circularmusclerelaxed
Longitudinalmusclecontracted
Head
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Exoskeleton
Rigid external skeleton
It can be hard or leathery
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The shells ofmollusks are
exoskeletons madeof calcium carbonate
The exoskeleton ofarthropods is madeof chitin
Figure 30.2B, C
Shell (exoskeleton)
Mantle
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Endoskeleton
Consists of hard orleathery supporting
elements situated amongthe soft tissues
Most echinoderms,including sea stars and
sea urchins, have anendoskeleton of hardplates beneath their skin
Figure 30.2D
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Vertebrate endoskeletons consist of cartilage
or a combination of cartilage and bone
Figure 30.2E
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Human Skeleton
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STRUCTURE OF SKELETON There are about 206 bones found in an adult skeleton.
The bones are divided into two main groups
(1) AXIAL SKELETON
(2) APPENDICULAR SKELETON
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AXIAL SKELETON
The axial skeleton formsthe basic structure
supporting the rest ofthe skeleton.
It consists of: Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage
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APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Forms mainly theextremities of thebody and their
connections to theaxial skeleton
Consists of
- limbs (arms &
legs)
- shoulder and pelvic
girdles
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What can you do to take care
of your skeletal system?
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The end!