LOMCE Primary Grammar Booklet

4

Rachel Godfrey and Martin Moore

Primary Grammar

LOMCE

LOMCE Primary Grammar will help children learning English with OUP Primary titles meet language targets of the LOMCE educational reform. It supports the development of an understanding of grammar form and use in context. The grammar is introduced through tables and illustrated presentations with clear examples. The exercises build from controlled activities up to more communicative and productive skills-based activities. The Teacher’s material includes the answers and audio scripts; the recordings are available as MP3 files on Oxford Premium.

Introduction

Key to the symbols

0.0 0.0 (=track number) Listening activity

Speaking activity

Game

Extended writing activity

ɘ Pronunciation activity

• • • Song

* Introductory exercise

Moderately challenging exercise

Most challenging exercise

Contents

1 Past continuous 1

2 Present perfect 1

3 The future

4 Past continuous 2

5 Present perfect 2

6 Present perfect and past simple

Extra A

Extra B

1:1–2 LOMCE Primary Grammar © Oxford University Press 2014 PHOTOCOPIABLE

Past continuous 1

We use the past continuous to talk about situations in progress at a time in the past. We often use the past continuous in stories.

past now

8.30, running, singingAt half past eight this morning I was running to school. The birds were singing.

We form the past continuous like this.

AffirmativeI / he / she / it was runningwe / you / they were running

Pete was working. James and Anna were talking.

Questions

Was I / he / she / it running? Were we / you / they running? Yes, we were. No, they weren’t.

Was the sun shining? Yes, it was. Were Bella and Henry eating? No, they weren’t.

1 1.1 Listen and circle the correct answer.

He was playing the guitar / drums.1 The babies were crying / laughing. 2 It was / wasn’t raining. 3 She was running / walking.4 They were laughing / shouting.5 The birds were / weren’t singing.6 He was listening to music /

playing a musical instrument.7 They were playing tennis / basketball. 8 She was riding a bike / a horse.9 He was cleaning his teeth / the floor.

2 Work in pairs. Ask and answer uestions about exercise 1.

Was he playing the guitar?

No, he wasn’t. He was playing the drums.

Yes, they were.

Were the babies crying?

NegativeI / he / she / it wasn’t runningwe / you / they weren’t running

I wasn’t crying. You weren’t looking.

It was a dark evening. Max Butler was walking down a dark, narrow street. The wind was blowing and it was raining. Suddenly, Max heard a noise behind him. He stopped and turned round.

I can recognize and use the past continuous to give background information and to talk about interrupted past events.

1 Past continuous 1


Past continuous 1 Past continuous 1Past continuous 1

NegativeI / he / she / it wasn’t runningwe / you / they weren’t running

I wasn’t crying. You weren’t looking.

1:3–7

5 ɘ 1.3 Listen again and complete the pronunciation information. Then practise

reading the poem in exercise 3 with a partner.1 We stress / don’t stress was and were in

the poem.2 We stress / don’t stress was and wasn’t in

the poem.

6 Complete the uestions with the past continuous form of the verb in brackets. What were you doing (you / do) yesterday?1 How (you / feel) yesterday?2 What (you / wear)

yesterday?3 What English grammar

(you / study) last week?

7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the uestions in exercise 6.

3 1.2 Read the poem and complete it with the verbs from the box. Listen and check, then listen and repeat.

are doing thinking feeling doing sleeping looking were weren’t wasn’t wearing

What were you doing yesterday?We didn’t see you at school.We were 1 about you yesterday.We didn’t see you at all.

Yesterday, I was feeling ill.I was 2 and resting all day.I was 3 pyjamas at lunchtime,My face was tired and grey.

What were you 4 yesterday?We didn’t see you at school.We 5 talking about you yesterday.We didn’t see you at all.

I 6 feeling well at all,I was 7 really bad.I was lying in bed and 8 at books,I was feeling really sad.

I’m sorry you 9 feeling well.How 10 you feeling today?I’m feeling much, much better, thanks – Come on, let’s go and play!

What were you doing yesterday?

I was studying at school.

4 Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

She was writing (write) an email.1 You (sleep)!2 We (have) some

problems with the computer this morning.3 I (dream) about a

flying fish.4 It (snow) last night. 5 They (not / help) us.6 The phone (not /

work) yesterday.7 You (not / listen) to me.8 She (watch) a film at

seven o’clock.9 Where (they / go)?

10 (it / rain) at six o’clock?11 (you / wearing) jeans

yesterday?12 Why (he / not / look) at it?

Past continuous 1


Past continuous 1Past continuous 1

1:8–10

9 Work in pairs or small groups. Look at the picture on Extra A for two minutes. How many uestions can you answer together?

What was the tour guide pointing at? He was pointing at a statue. 1 What was the man taking a photo of? 2 What were the children eating? 3 What was the boy holding? 4 What colour sunglasses was the woman

wearing? 5 What was the bird doing? 6 What was the weather like? 7 What was the man reading? 8 What were the two performers doing?

10 Make uestions from the prompts. Then use the uestions to interview a partner.

What / you / do at ten o’clock yesterday morning?

1 Where / you / live in 2004?2 What / you / do at six o’clock this morning?3 What / you / do at five o’clock yesterday

afternoon?4 What / you / wear last Saturday?5 the sun / shine yesterday morning?6 What colour socks / you / wear yesterday?

8 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Can you find ten differences? Use the past continuous.

At seven o’clock in the morning …

At seven o’clock in the evening …

It was a sports lesson. I was running.

What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?

In the morning the boy …

At seven o’clock in the morning the girl was wearing her school uniform, but at seven o’clock in the evening she wasn’t

wearing her school uniform.

LOMCE Primary Grammar © Oxford University Press 2014 PHOTOCOPIABLE


1:11–13

11 1.4 Listen and match a–h and 1–8.

12 Work in pairs. Look at pictures 1–8 in exercise 11. Cover pictures a–h. How many sentences can you remember?

13 Circle the correct answers.

When I looked / was looking out of the window it snowed / was snowing.

1 We worked / were working in the garden when we found / were finding some old money.

2 When I made / was making the cake I dropped / was dropping the bowl.

3 I cleaned / was cleaning the kitchen when she arrived / was arriving.

4 When I started / was starting school we lived / were living in the old house.

5 I saw / was seeing you when I waited / was waiting for the bus.

1 3 5 7

4 6 82

a c e g

b d f h

e

Past continuous and past simple

We often use the past continuous with the past simple, especially when we tell stories.

We use the past simple to talk about a completed past event.

The phone rang.

To talk about two events that happened at the same time we use the past continuous and the past simple.

The phone rang. We were watching a film.

We can link these sentences with when.

When Past simple Past continuous

When the phone rang we were watching a film.

Past simple when Past continuous

The phone rang whenwe were watching a film.

Past continuous when Past simpleWe were watching a film

when the phone rang.

We can use two verbs in the past continuous with and to talk about two past actions in progress at the same time.I was doing my homework and my grandma was making soup.

It was raining when …

The phone rang when we were eating dinner.



1:14–17

This happened (happen) last week when I was in the park. The sun 1 (shine) and I 2 (sit) on the grass. I 3 (paint) a picture of the ducks on the pond.

Some children 4 (play) football. Suddenly, their ball 5 (hit) my paint pots and the paint pots 6 (fall) over. The blue paint went on my picture and the pink paint 7 (go) on the grass.

My hands got dirty when I 8 (clean) my picture so I decided to go and wash them in the pond. The ducks 9 (fly) away when I 10 (wash) my hands because they were scared of me.

They 11 (land) on the grass by my picture. They walked on the pink paint, then they 12 (walk) on my picture. They 13 (make) pink marks all over the paper.

And that wasn’t all. When the ducks 14 (walk) on my picture it 15 (start) to rain. By now my picture looked terrible. I 16 (think) about what to do with the picture when a girl 17 (speak) to me.

‘I love your picture,’ she 18 (say). So what did I do? I gave it to her!

16 Match the rules.When we tell a story we use

1 The past simple for .2 The past continuous for .

a background informationb the main events and actions

17 1.5 Complete the text with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check.

14 Work in pairs. Combine different pictures from exercise 11 to make past continuous sentences. How many can you make?

15 1.5 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Try to put the pictures in order from 1–8. Then listen and check.

The sun was shining when we were playing football.

He hurt his head when he was skiing.

a e

c g

b f

d h

1



1:18–20

TOM’S HATTom was walking to school. It was snowing. He was wearing a hat, a scarf and gloves. He got on the bus and he …

18 Look at the pictures. Write a story called ‘Tom’s Hat’. Use the past continuous and the past simple with the verbs in the box.

walk wear sit stand snow get on the bus get off the bus put give fall pull find see talk give

19 How does ‘Tom’s Hat’ end? Write the end of the story.

20 Work in pairs. Read your ending of ‘Tom’s Hat’ to your partner. Which ending do you like best?

Self-evaluation Rate your progress.

123456789

1011121314151617181920

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Tom walked into the park. He …

OK, here’s my ending. When Tom was walking into the park he saw …


Past continuous 1Present perfect 1

1:1–2

I can recognize and use the present perfect to talk about past events, experiences and situations.

2 Present perfect 1

2:1–2

Present perfect

We use the present perfect to talk about past events that are connected to the present in some way. We often use it to describe change. I’ve lost my glasses. (= I can’t find my glasses.)She’s visited Paris three times. (= She knows what Paris is like.)

We form the present perfect with the present simple of have and the past participle.

AffirmativeI / we / you / they’ve (have) startedhe / she / it’s (has) started

NegativeI / we / you / they haven’t startedhe / she / it hasn’t started

Questions

Have you (I / we) started? Yes, I (we / you / they) have. No, I (we / you / they) haven’t.Has he (she / it) started?Yes, he (she / it) has. No, he (she / it) hasn’t.

Most verbs have regular past participles. They are formed like regular past simple verbs.clean ➝ cleaned arrive ➝ arrived study ➝ studied try ➝ tried travel ➝ travelled stop ➝ stoppedHe’s changed his name. Have you ever tried skateboarding?

Other verbs have an irregular past participle form. Here are some irregular past participles. For a longer list, look at Extra B.drink ➝ drunk see ➝ seen eat ➝ eaten swim ➝ swum fall ➝ fallen take ➝ taken go ➝ been write ➝ writtenI’ve written a letter.Have you seen Andy?

1 Write the past participles of these regular and irregular verbs.

phone phoned 8 chat 1 want 9 brush 2 talk 10 build 3 leave 11 enjoy 4 cry 12 fix 5 tell 13 plan 6 kick 14 think 7 work 15 give

2 Write the past simple and past participles of these verbs.

I’ve lost my glasses.

You haven’t lost them. They’re on your head!

Past simple Past participle

know knew known1 finish2 catch3 forget4 do5 put6 happen7 break


Past continuous 1 Past continuous 1Present perfect 1

2:3–6

Present perfect 1 5 Work in small groups. How many

responses with the present perfect can you think of?

1 You look upset.2 You look happy.3 You look tired.4 You look sad.

6 What’s changed? Work in pairs. Use the verbs in the box.

build burn change into cut down fix grow open paint pick plant water

Picture 1

Picture 2

3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect. Use the verbs in brackets.

She ’s seen (see) the photo.1 Paul (clean) the floor.2 The flowers (not grow) a lot.3 I (tell) Ernie about it.4 She (not do) her homework.5 We (have) lunch.6 David (not see) us.7 We (win)!8 The film (not start).

4 Write uestions and short answers about the pictures. Use the prompts.

close / the door? Have they closed the door? No, they haven’t.

1 pick / some flowers?

2 build / a tower?

3 win / the match?

4 cut / the trees down?

5 bring / an umbrella?

I’ve lost my phone.

You look upset.

The man has cut down the tree.

The bird has built a nest.

3

52

41

My bike’s disappeared.



1:1–22:7–9

7 Choose the correct time expression.

You’ve worked hard recently / on Monday.1 It snowed recently / in 2010. 2 Has he ever / recently taken a photo of you? 3 I haven’t eaten any chocolate

yesterday / recently.4 She’s met Helen in September / twice.5 We saw Jack ever / at nine o’clock.6 They’ve never / at the weekend visited us.7 Did he phone you recently / on Sunday?8 I’ve read this book never / lots of times.

8 2.1 Add the words in brackets to the correct place in the sentence. Then listen, check and repeat. ever

Has he won a prize? (ever)

1 Have you taken a photo of them? (recently)

2 She’s had a dog. (never)

3 We’ve talked a lot. (recently)

4 I’ve broken my arm. (once)

5 It hasn’t rained. (recently)

6 You’ve told that story. (lots of times)

Present perfect and past simple

We use the present perfect to talk about past events when the exact time of the event is either obvious or not important. I’ve finished this book.Have you ever ridden a horse?I’ve never eaten sushi.

When the past time is important, we use the past simple and an exact time expression. We also use the past simple when we give extra information about an event.I finished this book yesterday.Did you ride a horse at the weekend?I didn’t do that when I was a child.

We use recently with the present perfect to talk about events in the near past.Have you spoken to Frank recently?I haven’t played much basketball recently.

9 What have you or haven’t you done recently? Write true sentences with have or haven’t + recently.

play a computer game I’ve played a computer game recently. 1 travel to another town or city 2 tidy my bedroom 3 use a dictionary 4 do my homework 5 visit my aunts and uncles 6 help with the housework 7 watch a film on TV 8 make a lot of grammar mistakes

We often use ever and never with the present perfect when we ask and talk about experiences.Have you ever spoken to Frank? I’ve never played basketball.

We can also use these expressions: once, twice (= two times), lots of timesI’ve eaten Japanese food once.He’s climbed that mountain lots of times.

Have you stayed in a five-star

hotel recently?Me? I’ve never stayed in a five-star

hotel! But I stayed in a one-star hotel in 2010. It was terrible!


Past continuous 1 Past continuous 1

1:1–2

Present perfect 1

2:10–14

12 2.3 Circle the correct answers to complete part of the conversation. Then listen again and check. Work in groups of three. Act out the conversation.

Ivy Hi Dora. How are you?Dora Good. Thanks, Ivy. I’ve had / I had the

most amazing holiday.Ivy Lucky you! 1What have you done? /

What did you do?Dora It was a very active holiday. One day

we 2’ve climbed / climbed right to the top of a mountain.

Jason 3I’ve never climbed / I never climbed a mountain. 4I’ve climbed / I climbed a big hill but not a mountain.

Dora This 5has been / was a real mountain. There 6has been / was snow at the top. 7Have you ever climbed / Did you ever climb a mountain, Ivy?

Ivy 8I have / I did, but not recently.

13 Interview a partner about the activities in exercise 11. Use Have you ever …? uestions. Use the past simple to give extra information.

14 Write to Dora and answer her uestions. Think of some interesting things you have done. Ask Dora about her experiences.

10 What experiences have you or haven’t you had? Talk about your experiences.

travel by plane 3 plant a tree1 break a bone 4 see a scorpion2 go to the desert 5 catch a fish

11 2.2 Complete the ‘Me’ column. Then listen to Dora, Jason and Ivy and complete the table.

✓✓ = Yes, recently. ✗ = Never. ✓ = Yes, but not recently.

Me Dora Ivy Jason

climb a mountain ✓✓ ✓ ✗

stay in a five-star hotel

camp

pick fresh fruit

try snorkelling

try scuba diving

I’ve travelled by plane lots of times.

I’ve travelled by plane two or three times.

I’ve never travelled by plane.

Yes I have, but not recently. It was about five years ago. Have you ever

stayed in a five-star hotel?

Have you ever climbed a mountain?

Hi Dora

Thanks for your email. Lucky you! I haven’t had a holiday recently, and I’ve never climbed a mountain, but last month I went to a music festival. It was amazing. Have you ever …?



1:1–22:15–18

16 Write the time expressions in the correct place.

April ten days nine o’clock 2002 two weeks a short time three years 1st October Sunday I was eight a few minutes about half an hour

since for

April ten days

17 2.5 Complete the sentences with since or for. Then listen, check and repeat.

I’ve known Ryan for three months.1 Have you had that book you were

eight?2 We’ve been here five minutes.3 She’s worked there ten years.4 I haven’t seen you August.5 He’s been ill a long time.6 She’s played tennis 2009.7 They’ve been very happy they got

married.8 You’ve lost weight last month.

18 Write sentences from the prompts.

They / be married – 30 years They’ve been married for 30 years. 1 I / know Lucy – 2008 2 You / grow – I last saw you 3 It / not rain – two years 4 We / live here – a long time 5 He / not shave – six months 6 Her English / improve – she moved to the UK

Present perfect with since and for

We use the present perfect with since and for to talk about situations and events in a period of time from the past until now.

past now Monday Tuesday Wednesday

I’ve had this cold since Monday.I’ve felt ill for three days.

We use since with a point in time (when the situation or event started).

Present perfect since Point in time

I’ve been here since 7.30 a.m.

She’s played the violin since she was four.

We use for with a length of time (the duration of the event or situation).

Present perfect for Length of time

I’ve been here for two hours.

She’s played the violin for 20 years.

15 2.4 Listen and tick the correct answer.

a Since I was four. b Since I was ten.

1 a For five years. b For ten years.

2 a Since March. b Since April.

3 a For 30 minutes. b For 45 minutes.

4 a Since 2002. b Since 2007.

5 a Since half past two. b Since half past one.

How long have you had a cold?

Since Monday.

✓



1:1–2

Present perfect 1

2:19–20

19 Write uestions and answers. Then interview a partner.

How long / you / have / your bag? How long have you had your bag? About six months. 1 How long / you / have / that pen? 2 How long / you / be / at this school? 3 How long / you / know / your best friend? 4 How long / you / study / English? 5 How long / you / live / in your house?

20 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask present perfect uestions. You win a point when your friend uses an answer card. The winner is the person with the most points. You must tell the truth!

Question cardsYou can use these phrases lots of times.

Answer cards You can only use these phrases once.


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1011121314151617181920

How long have you been in this room?

For 30 minutes. That’s one point for me!

Have you ever …?

Have you … recently? How long

have you …?

How many times have

you …?

No, never.

Yes, twice.

No, never.

Since 2010.

For a few minutes.

No, I haven’t.

For two weeks.

Since I was ten.

Since I was born.

Yes, I have.

No, never. Yes, I have.

Since Monday.

For ten minutes.

Yes, I have.

For 30 minutes.

Yes, I have.

No, I haven’t.

For six months.

Yes, I have.

Yes, I have.Yes, lots of times.

Yes, I have.

Since 2007.Since January.



1 Past continuous 1I can recognize and use will and be going to to talk about the future.

3:1–2

3 The future

Will and be going to

We talk about the future in different ways.

We use be going to when we talk about plans and predictions.I’m going to ask the teacher for help. It’s going to be fun.

We use be going to + base form to talk about plans and intentions.I’m going to wait for them.What are we going to do?

We also use be going to + base form to make predictions based on evidence that we can see or feel.Oh no! That bottle is going to fall. I’m going to sneeze! A-tishoo!

Subject be going to Base form

I ‘m going to wait.

It ‘s going to be fun.

We / you / they ‘re going to fall.

1 3.1 Listen and number the pictures. 2 3.1 Write the sentences in the correct order. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.

play / ’s / going / to / the piano / he He’s going to play the piano. 1 he / the wall / going / to / ‘s / paint

2 pick / they / some fruit / ‘re / going / to

3 he / the letter / going / ‘s / post / to

4 aren’t / they / catch / to / the bus / going

5 to / you / ‘re / answer / your phone / going

We use will to talk about predictions and when we make uick decisions, offers and promises.You will love it! I’ll phone you this evening.

We also use the present continuous when we talk about future arrangements with other people (see unit 8).I’m visiting my grandparents at the weekend. He’s coming home this evening.

In a few minutes I will eat this fire!

I’m not going to look. I’ll take a photo!

a c e

b d f


Past continuous 1 Past continuous 1The future

1:1–2

The future

3:3–7

6 Work in small groups. Compare your sentences. Who has the same plans as you?

7 Work in small groups. Ask ‘Why have you got that … ?’ about the objects in the pictures. How many different answers with be going to can you think of?

apple camera roll of paper

rubber boots map umbrella

3 ɘ 3.2 Listen and answer the uestions about pronunciation. Then listen again and repeat.

1 Underline the stressed (strong) words. a He’s going to win! b What are you going to do? c They’re going to help us. d Is it going to rain? e When are you going to ask her? f What’s going to happen now?

2 How is going to pronounced? a /gəʊɪŋ tu:/ b /gəʊɪŋ tə/

4 3.3 Match 1–6 and a–f. Then listen and check.

Why have you got all that food with you? g 1 Have you got any plans for the holiday? 2 They’ve knocked down the old cinema! 3 Are you OK? 4 Have you got an umbrella with you? 5 Have you bought a present for Sally? 6 Why are you wearing those old clothes?

a I’m going to paint the ceiling.b No, I’m not going to give her a present.c Yes, we’re going to visit my cousins.d No, look at the sky. It isn’t going to rain. e No, I think I’m going to be sick.f Yes, but they’re going to build a new one.g We’re going to have a picnic.

5 What are your plans? Write a tick (✓) or a cross (✗), then write sentences with ’m (not) going to and a time expression from the box .

after this lesson after school today this week at the weekend this afternoon this evening

watch TV eat some / any chocolate write some / any emails do my homework chat online play a musical instrument send some / any text messages play some / any computer games

I’m going to watch TV after school.

Me too!

I’m not going to eat any chocolate today.

Really? I’m going to eat some chocolate after this lesson!

I’m going to cook it.

Why have you got an apple?

I’m going to give it to the teacher.

I’m going to eat it.


Past continuous 1The future

1:1–23:8–11

10 3.6 Listen and repeat.

1 She’ll feel better soon.2 It’ll be a little surprise.3 I’ll smile at her.4 Do you think he’ll steal it?5 Do you think they’ll fail?6 He won’t want that.

11 Complete the + positive and – negative responses with will or won’t and the verb in brackets. Read the conversations with a partner.

I’m going to ask Jim about it. – He won’t tell (tell) you.

1 I’m going to see that new film at the weekend.

– You (like) it.

2 I’m playing tennis with Billy tomorrow.

– You (win).

3 It’s the maths exam tomorrow. I really need to pass it.

+ You (pass)!

4 I don’t want any breakfast. + You (be) hungry later.

5 I don’t want to fall off my bike! – That (happen).

Will

We use will + base form to predict events and to make guesses and promises about the future. It will be very expensive.What will happen? That won’t work. No, it won’t. Will it work? Yes, it will.

Subject will (not) Base form

I / he / she / it / we / you / they

will / ’ll win.won’t know.

We also use will when we make uick decisions and offers.I’ll take the blue one, please. I’ll get you some water.

8 3.4 Listen and tick the response you hear.

I’m going to try water-skiing. ✓ You’ll love it.

You won’t like it.

1 I’m going to stay up all night.

You’ll feel fine tomorrow.

You’ll be tired tomorrow.

2 It’ll be cold this evening.

No, it won’t.

Yes, it will.

3 I’m going to do a 10 km run.

It won’t be difficult for you.

It’ll be difficult for you.

9 ɘ 3.5 Listen. Are the sounds the same (S) or different (D)?

will still S ✓ D

will while S D ✓

1 won’t don’t S D

2 I’ll smile S D

3 won’t want S D

4 he’ll steal S D

5 she’ll shell S D

6 she’ll feel S D

7 they’ll fail S D

8 it’ll little S D

What will happen? I’ll put them in.

The apple will float. The key will sink to

the bottom.



1:1–23:12–16

12 Complete the conversations with the words below.

be cost ‘ll will will won’t won’t won’t

I think the test will be really difficult. It won’t .

1 the medicine help? Yes, it will.

2 Will it take a long time? No, it . Don’t worry.

3 Will you 13 next year? Yes, I will. In April.

4 Will it be expensive? It will about £200.

5 Will he be OK? Yes, he .

6 Will it be dangerous? No, it . You’ll be fine.

7 The phone’s ringing! I get it!

13 Look and complete the predictions with will and won't.

sting 2 enjoy 4 take

1 fit 3 help 5 hurt

It will sting her.1 They her.2 You this.3 That .4 It five minutes.5 It !

14 Write uestions about the pictures in exercise 13.

15 Ask and answer the uestions in small groups.

16 Work in pairs. Interview your partner about the future events below. Use Will you ever …? and the answers below.

live in another town or city write a book live in another country record an album appear in a film be rich be famous play in a rock or pop band speak perfect English invent something

✓✓ I’m sure I will.✓ I think I will, but I’m not sure. ?? I don’t know. Maybe.✗ I don’t think I will. ✗✗ I’m sure I won’t.

Will it sting her? What do you think?

I think it will.

I think I will.

Will you enjoy it? What do you think?

No, it won’t.

No, I won’t.

Maybe.

Maybe.

Do you think you’ll ever live in another country?

I think I will, but I’m not sure. Do you think you’ll ever speak

perfect English?

I’m sure I will!

Will it sting her? Will they fit her?


Past continuous 1The future

1:1–23:17–19

17 Look and write. What are they saying? Complete the offers of help with ’ll, a verb and a noun.

Verbsclean cut fix make pick up plant wash

Jack I’ll clean the windows . 4 Gemma I . 1 Oscar I . 5 Mike and Molly We . 2 Ed and Sue We . 6 Charlie I . 3 Linda I .

Nounsthe books some new curtains the floor the grass the shelf some flowers the windows

19 Circle the correct form, will or be going to. What are your plans for the weekend?

I’m going to / ’ll tidy my bedroom.

1 Which of these notebooks would you like?

Erm… I’m going to / ’ll have that one, please.

2 Have you thought about it? Yes, I have. So, what are you going to /

will you do?

3 They’ll / ’re going to get married. Really? When did they decide that?

4 I can’t do this. I’m going to / ’ll help you.

5 It’s a secret. I know. I promise I’m not going to /

won’t tell anyone.

ACTION PLAN

Jack is going to clean the windows .1 Oscar .2 Ed and Sue .3 Linda .4 Gemma .5 Mike and Molly .6 Charlie .

Oscar

Sue

Mike

Ed

Molly

Linda Jack

Charlie

Gemma

18 How much can you remember? Who’s going to do what? Cover the picture in exercise 17 and write the action plan.



1:1–23:20–22

22 Write back to George. Include the information below.

Your plans for tonight and tomorrowYour plans for the summerYour predictions about your life 10 years from nowOffer to help George with his preparations

20 Work with a partner. Look at the choices. Decide who will do what.

1 wash up / dry up 2 have the fruit salad / have the cake3 make the cake / decorate the cake4 chop the salad / make a sandwich5 write the story / draw the pictures6 hold the ladder / climb the ladder

21 Complete the email with will or be going to and a verb from the box.

attend be be do do have not be pack phone send write


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10111213141516171819202122

OK. I’ll dry up.

I’ll wash up. But I hate drying up!

Hi there

This will be a short email, I’m afraid. (I promise I’ll write again soon!)

I hope you’re enjoying the holiday so far.

I’m writing to say that I 1 at home for the next six weeks because I’ve made an important decision. I 2 summer camp this year.

I 3 very busy tonight and tomorrow. I 4 a ‘goodbye’ meal with my family this evening, and tomorrow I 5 my bags. I also need to do some shopping before I go – toothpaste, a notebook, things like that. Help! I’ve got so much to do!

I 6 you a postcard and I 7 you in a few weeks, OK? Is your number still 07444 117816?

What 8 (you) this summer? Email me with your plans!

George

P.S. This is my summer homework task: ‘Where do you think you 9 10 years from now? What do you think you 10 every day?’ So, how about you, 10 years from now? Tell me.

Dear George

I’m sure you’ll have a wonderful time at summer camp. I …



1 Past continuous 1

4:1–2

I can use the past continuous tense to describe past events and actions.4 Past continuous 2

2 4.1 Listen. What were they doing when the earthquake happened? Complete the table with the phrases below. Then complete the sentences.

do homework dream about the sea have breakfast listen to radio play basketball sit at desk sleep talk walk to school win

Daisy have breakfast,

Fred ,

Kim and May ,

Helen ,

Ben and Alex ,

1 Daisy was having breakfast and she .

2 Fred and he .

3 Kim and May and they .

4 Helen and she .

5 Ben and Alex and they .

We use the past continuous to talk about an event that was in progress at a particular time in the past. We often use it with a time expression (e.g. at six o’clock, yesterday morning, last night).

1 Circle the correct option.

Was / Were you watching TV at seven o’clock?

1 They weren’t talk / weren’t talking about you.

2 I was / were listening to some great music this morning.

3 ‘I wasn’t making a lot of noise’. ‘Yes, you was / were.’

4 Where was she / she was going yesterday evening?

5 It was very sunny but they didn’t / weren’t wearing sunglasses.

6 It was / were snowing and children was / were playing in the street.

7 This time last year we were siting / sitting on the beach in Australia.

8 My brothers are / were arguing all day yesterday.

9 Who was / were your mum talking to on the phone?

10 John wasn’t working / not working very hard.

We were having dinner at eight o’clock.

7.00 p.m. 8.00 p.m. 9.00 p.m.

PAST NOWdinner

We can use the past continuous to say what different people were doing at the same time. In 2009 Max was studying in Edinburgh, his sister was working in Manchester and his parents were living in London.We often use the past continuous to describe the situation at the start of a story. It was Friday night and it was raining hard. Most people were walking fast to escape the rain, but Carla was standing at the bus stop. She wasn’t wearing a coat and she was getting very wet. Suddenly, a car drove past very quickly and splashed her with water.

Past continuous

I fell off the ladder while I was painting the wall.



4:1–2


4:3–5

3 Look at the pictures and write questions and sentences using the past continuous.

4 GAME Work in pairs to guess your

partner’s actions. Student A: go to Extra A. Student B: go to Extra B.

5 Work in pairs. Look at the example. Ask questions to complete the table.

Time Activity

7 a.m. today

Ana was cleaning her teeth.

9 p.m. yesterday

4 p.m. yesterday

11 a.m. yesterday

2 p.m. last Saturday

11 p.m. last Saturday

Jim/watch TV/six o’clock. Jim wasn’t watching TV at six o’clock. 1 Jim and Michael/have breakfast/six o’clock 2 Jim/swim/seven o’clock 3 Michael/listen to music/seven o’clock 4 Jim and Michael/have breakfast/seven o’clock 5 Michael/do homework/four o’clock 6 Jim and Michael/swim/four o’clock 7 Jim and Michael/do homework/nine o’clock? ? , they .8 Michael /play video games/nine o’clock 9 Jim/lie on the sofa/nine o’clock

10 Michael/watch TV/nine o’clock ? , he .

a

b

c

d

I think you were cleaning your room.

I wasn’t cleaning my room. I was eating an ice cream.

I was cleaning my teeth.

What were you doing at 7 o’clock today?

LOMCE Primary Grammar © Oxford University Press 2014 PHOTOCOPIABLE4:1–2

Past continuous 2

4:6–8

Past continuous or past simple?We use the past simple to talk about an event that finished at a point in the past. We often use it to talk about a sequence of events. She got up, had breakfast and went to work. In the morning, Robert went shopping in town. Then he met his friends at the park and they played football. After that, he went home and did his homework.

We use the past continuous to talk about an event that was in progress at a time in the past, or when another event happened. ‘I called you at 7 o’clock. Where were you?’ ‘I was playing basketball.’ She was having breakfast when her friend arrived.

7.00 p.m. 8.00 p.m.

PAST NOWbreakfast

friend arrivedWe can use the past simple and past continuous in the same sentence. We often use when and while in these sentences. He was walking to school when it started to rain. While he was walking to school, it started to rain.We can use when or while with the past continuous. We cannot use while with the past simple. I saw Ben when/while I was waiting for the bus. I was waiting for the bus when I saw Ben.There are some verbs that we don’t normally use in the continuous form: e.g., hear, know, like, love, understand, see, want. I wasn’t understanding the homework. I didn’t understand the homework.

7 Did she like / Was she liking your new shoes?

8 ‘Where were you yesterday afternoon?’ ‘I visited / was visiting my grandparents.’

9 The film finished / was finishing at four o’clock.

10 Mary didn’t know / wasn’t knowing the answer when the teacher asked her the question.

7 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

His phone rang while he was doing the exam. (ring/do)

1 May sweets when her tooth . (eat/break)

2 While I the door, I white paint on my trousers. (paint/get)

3 What they about when we into the room? (talk/come)

4 While we at the bus stop, we an accident. (wait/see)

5 What you while you with your mum? (buy/shop)

6 She to the shops when someone her handbag. (walk/steal)

7 While I on the beach, my brother for a swim. (lie/go)

8 Sam on the bus when a bird in through the window. (sit/fly)

9 you your phone while you for the bus? (drop/run)

10 I to music when my dad me to switch it off. (listen/tell)

8 4.3 Listen to Mary talking about her cousins’ visit. Complete sentences 1–3 and then 4–7.

When her cousins arrived, …

Mary was doing her homework .

1 Her dad .

2 Her mum .

3 Her brother .

The house was a mess, so …

4 her aunt ,

5 her uncle ,

6 Mary

and

while7 her cousins

.

6 4.2 Circle the correct option. Then listen and check your answers.

What did you do / were you doing at half past seven?

1 It rained / was raining when I left home. 2 Jill got up and had / was having breakfast.3 My racket broke / was breaking when I was

playing tennis.4 Where were you going / did you go when I

saw your car yesterday?5 They wanted / were wanting to go out last

night.6 They did / were doing their homework and

then they went shopping.


Past continuous 1

4:1–2

Past continuous 2

4:9–11

Then suddenly, we 5 (see) it – an elephant. It 6 (appear) from a small group of trees and 7 (start) to walk slowly towards the jeep. While it 8 (come) towards us, I 9 (get) my camera and 10 (take) some photos. The elephant 11

(continue) in our direction. It was huge, much bigger than you 12 (can) imagine.

Someone asked the guide, ‘Is this dangerous? Will the elephant stop?’ The guide 13 (not say) anything. He switched off the car engine and 14 (give) a signal to be silent.

Now some of us were getting nervous. My hands 15 (shake) and my heart 16 (beat) very fast.

The elephant 17 (stop). It looked at the jeep for a long time. Then it simply 18 (turn) around and 19 (walk) back into the trees.

Everyone breathed again. It was amazing!

were sitting

9 GAME Play in pairs. Student A: say a past

continuous sentence. Student B: add a ‘when’ clause. Use the verbs below.

clean make play read walk watch arrive break hear fall over find phone

I was cleaning the cupboard when …

… the door broke.

She was reading a newspaper when …… her teacher arrived.

10 Complete the text with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

11 Look at the information about Alex and his brother Richard. Write sentences using the past simple and past continuous.

AlexAugust 1999 becomes a footballer1999–2002 plays professional football June 2002 breaks his leg and gives up footballJanuary 2005 starts to learn Chinese 2006–2009 studies Chinese at universityAugust 2008 goes to the Beijing Olympics2009–2011 works as a football coach in China

Richard1998–2000 studies at schoolOctober 2000 visits South America2001–2004 studies Spanish at university2005–2007 works for a company in EnglandMay 2006 finds a job in Mexico2006–2011 lives in MexicoJuly 2010 gets married

August 1999: Alex became a footballer while Richard was studying at school.

1 October 2000: .

2 June 2002: .

3 January 2005: .

4 May 2006: .

5 August 2008: .

6 July 2010: .


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1011



1 Past continuous 1

5:1–2

5 Present perfect 2

2 Write the past participles of the irregular verbs. Check your answers on Extra B.

break broken1 buy 2 do 3 eat 4 fall 5 have 6 make 7 read

8 run 9 see

10 send 11 speak 12 spend 13 tell 14 win 15 write


Peter have / has been to Egypt.1 We haven’t / hasn’t seen your bag.2 I’ve / I given them some food.3 Have / Has you ever tried this?4 You aren’t / haven’t cleaned your teeth.5 Have / Has the children done their

homework?6 Anna has watch / watched that film twice.7 ‘Have you had dinner?’ ‘No, we haven’t /

hasn’t.’8 Have you read / read you those emails?

We can, however, use unfinished time expressions, for example, ever, never, today, once, twice. Note that ever and never go before the past participle. I’ve never worked as a waiter. ‘Have you ever sailed a boat?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’ He’s seen that film twice. You’ve eaten a lot of chocolate today. This is the first time I’ve ever played chess.We can use gone to and been to in present perfect sentences. They have different meanings. She’s gone to China. (= She went to China and she’s still there now.) She’s been to China. (= She went to China but she isn’t there now.)

Present perfect

We use the present perfect to talk about events that happened in the past but we don’t know when. I’ve lost my phone. (= I lost it. I don’t know when.) He’s visited Turkey and Russia. (= He visited both countries in the past. We don’t know when.)

We often use the present perfect when a past event has some connection to now. Someone has broken the chair. (= Here is the chair. We can see it is broken. We don’t know when it happened.)Sorry! I haven’t found your purse. (= I am still looking for it now)We don’t use a finished time expression, like yesterday or last year with the present perfect, because it isn’t important or we don’t know when an event happened. I’ve read that book. I’ve read that book last year.

Have you ever done this before?No, I haven’t. Have you?

I can use the present perfect tense with appropriate time expressions.



5:1–2

Present perfect 2Present perfect 2

5:3–6

3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

Have you done the washing-up? (you/do)

1 all the museums in the town. (we/visit)

2 his bedroom. (he/not tidy)

3 her new computer? (Helen/use)

4 Fred today? (anyone/see)

5 all her songs. (I/buy)

6 English. (my parents/not learn)

7 a lorry? (he/ever drive)

8 How many plates ? (they/break)

9 fish. (I/never eat)

10 ‘What’s the matter?’ ‘I’m late and .’ (the bus/not arrive)

4 ɘ 5.1 Read the information and listen to the examples. Then listen to the sentences and write weak or strong.

Weak Strong

have /həv/has /həz/

have /hæv/has /hæz/

Affirmative sentencesSam has been to Paris.

Negative sentencesSam hasn’t been to Rome.

QuestionsHave you read this book?

Short answersYes, I have.

Sam has been to Paris. weak Sam hasn’t been to Rome. strong Have you read this book? weak Yes, I have. strong 1 Has John bought a new watch? 2 Yes, he has. 3 I haven’t spoken to Jill today. 4 Your friends have made you a cake. 5 She hasn’t phoned me. 6 Yes, they have. 7 Have you ever met someone famous?

8 Look! Your brother has fallen asleep.

5 GAME Work in pairs. Take eight objects and

put them on the desk. Student A doesn’t look and student B changes two items. Can student A see what has changed?

add move swap take away

You’ve swapped the pen for a pencil.

You’ve taken away the ruler.

Yes, I have.

No, I haven’t.

6 5.2 Lucy Pemberton is a 16-year-old who has done some amazing things in her life. What has she done? Listen and write yes or no.

yes

1

2

3

4

5


Past continuous 1

5:1–2

Present perfect 2

5:7–12

9 Find information about a famous person who is still alive. Write sentences about their achievements. Use the ideas in the box to help you.

become very richbuild a big housebuy a fast carhelp people in poor countrieslearn another languagemake films meet famous peopletravel around the worldwin prizeswrite a book

(famous person) has written four books and she has won some prizes. She has become famous but she hasn’t become very rich.

10 Write eight questions beginning Have you ever … ? Use the words in the table.

Have you ever broken an arm or leg?

✔/✘

break an arm or legdo the washing uptravel in a fast carforget your homeworktravel abroadlook after a babylose your phonespeak in publicswim in the seawin a prize

✔

11 Work in pairs. Ask the questions from exercise 10 and complete the table. Write a tick ✔ or a cross ✘.

12 GAME Now work with another pair in a

group of four. Say sentences about your partner from exercise 11 – some true and some false. Can the other pair guess the false sentences?

She’s never done the washing-up.

You’re right. That’s false.False.

7 Write sentences about the pictures in exercise 6.

earn any money do schoolwork do a parachute jump sail through a storm go to Australia win a prize

Lucy has been to Australia .1 She .2 She .3 She .4 She .5 She .

8 Complete the text with the present perfect forms of the verbs in the box.

appear become not buy buy never fly never learn not meet paint pay spend win

Bill Ennis is an Australian artist. He has painted a lot of pictures and 1 a lot of prizes. Famous people around the world 2 his pictures. As a result, he 3 rich. But Bill is different from most people. Although he has a lot of money, he 4 an expensive car or a big house. In fact, he 5 to drive and he still lives in the house that he grew up in.

So how 6 Bill his money? He has created organizations that help people in poor countries. These organizations 7 for hundreds of children to go to school.

But Bill 8 these children or been to their countries. In fact, Bill has never left Australia, although his pictures 9 in exhibitions around the world. He is scared of flying so he 10 on a plane.



5:1–2

Present perfect 2

5:13–15

We use the adverbs of time just, already, yet and still with the present perfect to show how we feel about events in time. We can use just with the present perfect in affirmative sentences. We use it to talk about a recent event. Just goes immediately after have / has. They’ve just finished their exam. (= They finished their exam a short time ago.) ‘I’m looking for Tom.’ ‘I’ve just seen him. He’s in the corridor.’

We can also use already with the present perfect in affirmative sentences. We use it to say that an event happened sooner than we expected. Already goes immediately after have/has. ‘When is the test?’ ‘We’ve already done it.’ ‘This is my brother.’ ‘I know. We’ve already met.’

We can use yet with the present perfect in negative sentences and questions. We use it to talk about something that has not happened but we expect that it will. Yet normally goes at the end of a sentence. We haven’t seen that film yet. (But we’ll probably see it soon.) Has Robert finished that book yet? (We expect him to finish it.) We can use still in negative sentences to express a stronger meaning than yet. It means that something is going on longer than we expect. It goes before hasn’t/haven’t.Robert still hasn’t finished that book. (He’s taking a long time to finish it.)

Present perfect with just, already, yet and still

14 GAME Work in pairs. Student A says ‘Oh

no!’ or ‘Hurray!’ Student B says a sentence with just.

spill/coffee drop/phone win/sports prizemiss/the busget/good mark in

English

see/great filmbuy/new shoesbreak/a glassfinish/exams

Oh no!I’ve just spilt some coffee.


She’s already / yet bought some bread.1 They haven’t finished their dinner already /

yet.2 Daisy hasn’t gone to bed already / yet.3 You’ve already / yet told us about your

holiday. 4 Alex hasn’t cleaned his bedroom already /

yet.5 I’ve already / yet sent the message.6 Have you decided where you want to go to

eat already / yet?

13 Look at the pictures and write sentences with just.

Hurray! My new phone has just arrived ! (arrive)

1 Oh no! He his dad’s computer. (break)

2 Hurray! I’ve my homework. (finish)

3 Oh no! The bus . (leave)


Past continuous 1

5:1–2

Present perfect 2

5:16–20

16 It is eight o’clock in the evening. What have Sarah and Robert done today? Look at the table and write sentences with already or yet.

Sarah Robert

have a shower 9.30 p.m. 7.30 a.m.

make bed 7.30 a.m. 8 a.m.

do a maths test

yesterday tomorrow

practise the piano

7.30 a.m. 5.30 p.m.

finish dinner 7.30 p.m. 8.30 p.m.

watch TV 4 p.m. 8.30 p.m.

clean teeth 9.30 p.m. 9.30 p.m.

Robert/have a shower Robert has already had a shower. Sarah/have shower Sarah hasn’t had a shower yet. 1 Sarah and Robert/make their beds 2 Sarah/do a maths test 3 Robert/do a maths test 4 Sarah and Robert/practise the piano 5 Sarah/finish dinner 6 Robert/finish dinner 7 Sarah/watch TV 8 Robert/watch TV 9 Sarah and Robert/clean their teeth

17 Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the information in exercise 16.

Has Sarah had a shower yet?

Yes, he has.

No, she hasn’t. Has Robert had a shower yet?

18 Complete the text with already, just, yet or still.Katy Is it the first time you’ve been to London?Sally Yes, and we’ve already seen lots of

places.Katy Have you been to Buckingham Palace

1 ?Sally Yes, we’ve 2 seen that. We went

there yesterday.Katy What about the Tower of London?Sally No, we 3 haven’t visited that.

We’ll probably go tomorrow.Katy So what have you done this morning?Sally We’ve 4 been to Big Ben. We

were there ten minutes ago. That was great.

Katy Have you been to Buckingham Palace 5 ?

Sally Actually, we’re waiting for a bus to go there now.

Katy Oh. You’ve 6 missed it. The next bus is in twenty minutes.

19 5.3 John is organizing a concert at school. Listen and write ✔ for things he has already done or ✘ for things he hasn’t done yet.

Preparations ✔/✘

agree a date ✔

send letters to parents

have auditions

choose musicians

write the programmes

buy drinks

make cakes

20 Imagine you are going away for the weekend and your parents are asking you about your preparations. Role-play the situation, using the words in the box and already, yet and just.

buy the train ticket charge your phone clean your shoes find your camera get some money pack your bag

Have you got everything ready?

Have you charged your phone yet?

Yes. Don’t worry. I’ve already packed my bag.



5:1–2

Present perfect 2

5:21–24

Present perfect with since and for

We use the present perfect with since or for to talk about situations that started in the past and are still continuing now. I’ve been at this school since 2009. (= I started at this school in 2009. I am still at the school now.) We’ve lived here for three months. (= We arrived three months ago. We still live here now.)

February March April May June July

PAST NOW

For + periods of time

Since + starting time in past

three yearstwo daystwenty minutesa long time

yesterdayJuly2006last yearI was 12 years old

We do not use the present simple in these cases. We live here for three years. I am at this school since 2006.We use How long…? to ask questions about situations that started in the past and are still continuing now. ‘How long has she worked there?’ ‘For three years.’ ‘How long have you known him?’ ‘Since I was five.’

21 Anna is happy. Write sentences about Anna with the Present perfect and for or since.

be/on holiday/two weeks She’s been on holiday for two weeks.

1 not/do any homework/a month 2 not/go to bed early/last Sunday 3 download/two new songs/yesterday 4 not eat/school food/four weeks 5 make/some new friends/last week 6 sightsee/three days 7 visit/four new places/Saturday 8 read/two books/her holiday started

22 Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions with How long …? and the ideas in the box. Answer using since or for.

be a student at this schoolknow your best friendknow your English teacheryour parents / live in this townlive in your househave your shoeshave a mobile phone

23 Write sentences about your partner. Use since and for.

Helen has known her best friend for eight years.Jason has lived in his house since 2011.

24 5.4 Complete the sentences with ever, never, already, yet, just, still, since or for. Listen and check your answers.

‘Would you like to read this book?’ ‘No, thanks. I’ve already read it.’

1 ‘Have you met the Prime Minister?’ ‘Yes. Once.’

2 Harry has had that phone five years!3 We haven’t been to the shops .4 Don’t touch the door! I’ve painted it.5 ‘Do you like skiing?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve

done it.’6 My mum has loved singing she was

a little girl.7 John has known Alex a very long

time.8 ‘Let’s watch this DVD.’ ‘I’m sorry, but I’ve

seen it.’9 Tom hasn’t finished his homework.

It’s ten o’clock!10 Have they finished playing football ?11 ‘Do you know Sam?’ ‘No. I’ve met

him.’

How long have you been a student at this school?

I’ve been a student at this school since I was 12 years old.

I’ve been at school for six years.

LOMCE Primary Grammar © Oxford University Press 2014 PHOTOCOPIABLE5:1–2

Present perfect 2

5:25–26

26 Write the sentences correctly.

They don’t have tidied their room yet. They haven’t tidied their room yet.

1 I done the washing-up twice today. 2 I haven’t still finished. 3 Has Tony woke up yet? 4 It hasn’t rained since two weeks. 5 The train has arrived just. 6 They haven’t made dinner still. 7 My parents live here for twenty years. 8 You haven’t failed never an exam.


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25 Look at the timetables for university interviews. Read the sentences and write the correct names.

Vicky

9.35 arrive10.00 meet students11.00 interview1.00 lunch2.00 look around campus

3.30 home

Mary

10.35 arrive11.00 look around campus12.30 lunch1.00 interview3.30 meet students4.30 home

Kim

11.35 arrive12.00 look around campus1.00 lunch 2.30 meet students3.30 interview

5.30 home

It’s now 1.35 p.m. She’s just started her interview. Mary 1 She’s already had her interview. 2 She’s been here for three hours. 3 They haven’t met any students yet. 4 She’s been here since 9.35. 5 She hasn’t looked around the campus yet.

6 She’s been here for two hours. 7 They still haven’t finished lunch. 8 They’ve already looked around the campus.


Past continuous 1

6:1–2


6:1

I can use the present perfect and past simple to describe finished and unfinished events.6 Present perfect and past simple

1 Underline the verbs and write PP (present perfect) or PS (past simple).

We went to France on holiday. PS They’ve listened to that song a hundred

times. PP 1 She spent all her money at the shops.

2 They’ve decided to paint their bedroom.

3 I haven’t finished my breakfast yet.

4 Did you pass the exam? 5 He’s read all those books. 6 Has Peter used his new tennis racket? 7 Did you like the film? 8 I read the information on the website.

9 Has it snowed? 10 It didn’t finish at eight o’clock.

Past simple We use the past simple when we talk about events that finished in the past. I lost my old phone. I bought a new one last week. Harry broke his leg six months ago, but he’s OK now. Did you buy a new jacket on Saturday?What did you have for breakfast?

We use the past simple with ‘finished’ time expressions (for example, yesterday, on Monday, in 2010). Did you go to America in 2010? I read three books last week.

We use the past simple with for + a period of time when the event finished in the past. I lived here for two years. (= I don’t live here now.) We use the past simple to talk about events in the life of someone who is now dead. Shakespeare wrote a lot of great plays. (He died, so he won’t write any more plays.)

Present perfect We use the present perfect to talk about events that happened in the past but we don’t know when they happened, or the exact time is not important. There is often a connection to the present. He’s broken his leg. (= His leg is broken now, but I don’t know when it happened.) I’ve lost my phone. (= I can’t find my phone and I don’t know exactly when I lost it.) We use the present perfect with ‘unfinished’ time expressions (for example, never, ever, this week, twice, yet). See Unit 9. I’ve read three books this week.

We use the present perfect with for + a period of time when the event is still in progress. I’ve lived here for two years. (= I live here now.) We use the present perfect to talk about events in a living person’s life. Suzanne Collins has written some good books. (She will probably write more books in the future.)

Have I missed the train to London? Yes. It left 20 minutes ago!


Past continuous 1

6:1–2


6:2–5

2 Write these irregular past simple forms and past participles in the correct column. Remember: some words can go in both columns.

past simple past participle

drank run

3 Work in groups of four. Student A says the infinitive form of an irregular verb, student B says the past simple form and student C says the past participle. Student D says a new verb. Continue round the group. Lose a point for any incorrect forms.

WriteWrote

Written

Drink

4 Can you use these time expressions with the present perfect? Write ✔ or ✘.

never ✔ yesterday ✘

1 last week 2 already 3 in 2011 4 on Monday 5 today 6 yet

7 three years ago

8 for two years 9 at seven o’clock

10 twice 11 after lunch 12 since three

o’clock

5 Tick (✔) the correct time expression. Then write it in the correct place in the sentence.

on Monday It snowed .

on Monday ✔ already It snowed on Monday.

1 I’ve been to Australia.

last year never

2 Have you found any money in the street?

yesterday ever

3 Katy started secondary school.

in 2011 already

4 They’ve had that car.

three years ago for three years

5 I sent you an email.

at two o’clock just

6 Fred hasn’t had a shower.

before breakfast yet

7 He’s decided not to go.

yesterday already

8 We’ve been here.

two hours ago since three o’clock

9 Did he die?

in 2001 yet

10 Have you seen William?

at two o’clock today

drank run had bought spoke

left written done drunk made ran read chose spoken did

took chosen taken wrote



6:1–2


6:6–9

6 Complete the sentences or questions using the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

Sam went to hospital last week. (Sam/go)

1 your sports kit yesterday? (you/forget)

2 never banana ice cream. (I/eat)

3 in China three days ago. (It/snow)

4 already me your new shoes. (you/show)

5 there for three years, but it was boring, so he found another job. (Tom/work)

6 that song since I was eleven. (I/not hear)

7 married on 3 July, 1995. (My parents/get)

8 ever a horse? (you/ride)9 Vicky for her ticket yet. (not/

pay)10 Why you the bus on

Monday? (take)

7 6.1 Circle the correct option. Listen and check.

Harry bought / has bought a new watch but then he lost it.

I bought / have bought a new pen. Look! Do you want to try it?

1 They went / have been to Istanbul, Marmaris and Bodrum while they were in Turkey.

2 We went / have been to London and Oxford. We’re really enjoying our trip to England.

3 The train arrived / has arrived. Let’s get on.4 They arrived / have arrived at six and left at

half past seven.5 Charlotte Brontë was a writer. She wrote /

has written four novels.6 Zac Ephron is an actor. He made / has made

a lot of films.7 Sam was cold because he forgot / has

forgotten his coat.8 ‘Can I have your homework?’ ‘Oh no! I

forgot / have forgotten it.’9 ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘Yes, I am. I didn’t have /

haven’t had anything to eat today.’10 He wasn’t hungry, so he didn’t eat / hasn’t

eaten anything.

8 6.2 Read the sentences below. Then listen to an interview with a famous architect. Are the sentences correct ✔ or incorrect ✘?

Sandra was an architect for 30 years, but she doesn’t work now. ✗

1 The Eldon School has been open for two years.

2 She’s just won the Congress Prize in America.

3 Sandra has lived in America for ten years.

4 She lives in London now. 5 They’ve already finished the new swimming

centre.

9 Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs.

He opened the cupboard and took out the coffee. (take)

‘She looks happy.’ ‘Yes. She’s won the music competition.’ (win)

1 ‘Would you like to watch this DVD?’ ‘Yes, please. I that film’. (not see)

2 The teacher entered the room and the children up. (stand)

3 The rain while she was walking home. (stop)

4 ‘ you a new jacket?’ ‘Yes. It’s cool, isn’t it?’(buy)

5 They went to New York but they the Museum of Modern Art.

(not visit)6 ‘Do you like her music?’ ‘Yes. I

all her songs.’ (download)7 My phone isn’t working. Someone

it. (break)8 you on the plane when you

flew to Australia? (sleep)9 She her homework before

school. (do)10 ‘ it raining?’ ‘Yes. Let’s go and

play tennis.’ (stop)


Past continuous 1

6:1–2


6:10–12

10 6.3 Paul’s parents are out for the day. His mother is phoning to check if he has done his jobs. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check.Mum: Hello, Paul. Is everything OK?Paul: Yes, thanks, Mum.Mum: Have you cleaned (clean) your

room yet?Paul: Ah. There was a problem. I 1 (get)

the vacuum cleaner out and 2 (try) to turn it on. But it 3

(not work).Mum: Oh. That’s a shame. So 4 you

(do) the shopping?Paul: Well, I 5 (go) to the supermarket

in the morning, but I 6 (forget) my wallet, so I couldn’t actually buy anything.

Mum: Oh, Paul! What about your homework? 7 you (finish) that yet?

Paul: No, I’m sorry. I 8 . Mum: Why not?Paul: Well, I 9 (lend) my maths book

to Tom yesterday. So when I 10 (look) in my bag this morning, the book wasn’t there.

Mum: I can’t believe it. So what 11 you (do) today?

Paul: I 12 (watch) TV. Mum: At least you 13 (not

break) the TV yet!

11 Work in pairs. Student A: ask a question with the present perfect. Student B: look at the picture and give an excuse with the past simple and a time expression.

do the washing-up

1 phone the dentist

2 practise the guitar

3 read the book

4 make dinner

5 pay for the ticket

Have you done the washing-up yet?

No, I’m sorry. I cut my finger this morning, so I couldn’t do it.

12 Complete the email with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

Hi BenWe’re in England! We’ve been on holiday in Wales for almost two weeks. Last week 1 (not be) very good. We 2 (want) to go to the beach, but it 3 (rain) every day. So we 4 (drive) around and 5 (visit) museums. But then the car 6 (break) down. So, after that, we 7 (stay) in the apartment and 8 (argue) with each other!But this week 9 (be) great. The weather 10 (improve) and we 11 (go) to the beach every day. My brother 12 (play) tennis every day and my parents 13 (read) four books. I still 14 (not swim) in the sea yet, but I think I’ll do that tomorrow!See you soon!Frank



6:1–2


6:13–15

5 She/work for SmartLabs/for 6 She/live in Hertford/since 7 Ben/meet Sarah/ago 8 Sarah and Ben/be married/for 9 They/buy house/ago

15 Now write true sentences about yourself using the present perfect or past simple and the time expressions in the box. You can change the times in bold.

for three yearsjustin Julylast weeknever

since I was eleventwo years agowhen I was six yesterdayyet

I’ve known my friend John for six years.I learnt to read when I was five.


123456789

101112131415

13 Now imagine you are on holiday and write what you would say in a short email.

We’re on holiday in …We’ve been here for …Last week was terrible…But this week has been much better …

14 Look at the information about Sarah’s life. Then write sentences using the present perfect or past simple and since, for, ago or when.

Age

0–18 lives in Manchester

18–21

studies biochemistry at university in London

21 starts a job with SciTech in London

25gets a new job with Smart Labs in London

27 meets Ben

29 gets married to Ben

31buys a house in Hertford, 30 minutes from London

34 NOW

Sarah is 34 years old. She lives in Hertford. She works for Smart Labs and is married to Ben.

Sarah/live in Manchester/for Sarah lived in Manchester for 18 years. She/move to London/when She moved to London when she was 18. She/know Ben/since She has known Ben since she was 27.

1 Sarah/go to university/ago 2 She/study biochemistry/for 3 Sarah/finish university/when 4 She/work for SciTech/for



Extra A

Extra APast continuous 1

9 Look at the picture for two minutes, then answer the uestions.

Past continuous 2

Student A 4 Mime an action from the list below

for ten seconds. When you finish, student B guesses the action. The person who guesses correctly gets a point.

climb a tree skieat an ice cream take a photoput a book on a shelf send a text



Extra B

Extra BPast continuous 2

Student B 4 Mime an action from the list below. When you finish, student A guesses the action. The person who guesses correctly gets a point.

cook a meal clean your room cross the roadtry on shoes watch TV get on a bus

Irregular verb list

Infinitive Past simple Past participlebe was been become became becomebegin began begunbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtcome came comechoose chose chosencost cost costdo did donedrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfeel felt feltfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenget got gotgive gave givengo went gone, beenhave had hadhear heard heardknow knew knownleave left leftlose lost lostmake made mademeet met metpay paid paidput put putread read readrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensend sent sentsing sang sungsit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumteach taught taughttake took takentell told toldthink thought thoughtunderstand understood understoodwake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

A00

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Documents

LOMCE Primary Grammar Booklet