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Lon
g-te
rm S
ed
ime
nt
Toxi
city
B
ioas
says
Ric
k M
. Sh
erra
rd
Ten
nes
see
Val
ley
Au
tho
rity
Kin
gsto
n E
colo
gic
al In
vestigations:
Results-t
o-D
ate
2013 W
orld o
f C
oal A
sh C
onfe
rence
Ap
ril 2
4, 2
01
3
2013
Wo
rld
of
Co
al A
sh (
WO
CA
) C
on
fere
nce
- A
pri
l 22-
25, 2
013
in L
exin
gto
n, K
Yh
ttp
://w
ww
.fly
ash
.info
/
Bac
kgro
un
d
•D
red
ge c
ell
faile
d D
ece
mb
er
22
, 20
08
•5
.4 m
illio
n c
ub
ic y
ard
s (c
y) w
et f
ly a
sh a
nd
b
ott
om
ash
re
leas
ed
•Im
me
dia
tely
Aff
ect
ed
: Em
ory
Riv
er,
ad
jace
nt
trib
uta
rie
s, s
lou
ghs,
sh
ore
line
s
•U
pri
ver
- ER
M 5
.75
, do
wn
rive
r -
TRM
56
4
•Em
ory
Riv
er
dre
dgi
ng:
Mar
ch 2
0, 2
00
9 -
May
29
, 2
01
0
•A
bo
ut
50
0,0
00
cy
ash
re
mai
n in
th
e r
ive
r sy
ste
m
Tim
e-C
riti
cal T
oxi
city
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Ob
ject
ive
s
•A
sse
ss d
red
gin
g/d
ewat
eri
ng
effe
cts
on
su
rfac
e w
ate
r b
iota
El
utr
iate
To
xici
ty –
3 s
pe
cie
s 2
4 t
est
s
D
red
ge P
lum
e T
oxi
city
– 2
sp
eci
es
46
te
sts
St
illin
g P
on
d D
isch
arge
To
xici
ty –
2 s
pe
cie
s 4
8 t
est
s
•C
har
acte
rize
eff
ect
s o
f as
h o
n b
enth
ic b
iota
W
ho
le S
ed
ime
nt
Toxi
city
– 5
sp
eci
es
18
te
sts
Tim
e-C
riti
cal T
oxi
city
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Re
sult
s
•A
sse
ss d
red
gin
g/d
ewat
eri
ng
effe
cts
on
su
rfac
e w
ate
r b
iota
El
utr
iate
– 1
7 o
f 2
4 t
est
s –
no
to
xici
ty
D
red
ge P
lum
e –
46
te
sts –
no
to
xici
ty
St
illin
g P
on
d D
isch
arge
– 4
7 o
f 4
8 t
est
s –
no
to
xici
ty
•C
har
acte
rize
eff
ect
s o
f as
h o
n b
enth
ic b
iota
W
ho
le S
ed
ime
nt –
14
of
18
te
sts –
no
to
xici
ty
Tim
e-C
riti
cal T
oxi
city
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Co
ncl
usi
on
s
•D
red
gin
g/d
ewat
eri
ng
do
es
no
t re
sult
in
toxi
city
to
su
rfac
e w
ate
r b
iota
•O
nly
1 b
en
thic
sp
eci
es
(Hya
lella
azt
eca
) ex
po
sed
to
ash
fro
m t
he
Em
ory
Riv
er
con
sist
en
tly
exh
ibit
s ef
fect
s fr
om
exp
osu
res
to f
ly a
sh
•La
bo
rato
ry o
bse
rvat
ion
s o
f H
. azt
eca
ex
po
sure
s in
dic
ate
po
ssib
le p
hys
ical
eff
ect
s
ASH
UN
LIK
E N
ATU
RA
L SE
DIM
ENTS
Ash
co
mp
acts
in
sam
ple
an
d e
xpo
sure
co
nta
ine
rs
P
ore
wat
er
surf
ace
s d
uri
ng
sam
ple
st
ora
ge
H
om
oge
niz
atio
n is
p
rob
lem
atic
La
bo
rato
ry b
en
thic
sp
eci
es
un
able
to
b
urr
ow
in t
est
ex
po
sure
s
Ash
No
Re
sin
A
dd
Re
sin
Un
tre
ate
d
Po
rew
ate
r Tr
eat
ed
P
ore
wat
er
UP
W
PW
R
UA
R
TA
RTA
PW
R
TAP
WR
Resin
1 h
r R
esin
1 h
r
Re
sin
Stu
dy
De
sign
Re
sin
Stu
dy
Co
ncl
usi
on
s
•R
esi
n c
on
tin
ual
ly d
ecre
ase
s Sb
, As,
Se
mo
re
than
oth
er
met
als
in a
sh o
ver
tim
e
•R
esi
n t
reat
me
nt
of
ash
elim
inat
es
toxi
city
fo
r H
. azt
eca
gro
wth
bu
t n
ot
surv
ival
•R
esi
n d
ecr
eas
es
par
titi
on
ing
of
Sb, A
s, M
o,
Se, V
to
po
rew
ate
r an
d o
verl
yin
g w
ate
r
•R
esi
n t
reat
me
nt
of
po
rew
ate
r e
limin
ate
s to
xici
ty f
or
H. a
ztec
a g
row
th a
nd
su
rviv
al
Exam
ple
of
Exp
osu
re-R
esp
on
se C
urv
es
Gro
wth
Surv
ival
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n o
r P
erc
en
t A
sh
Percent Adverse Effect
Lon
g-te
rm E
xpo
sure
Te
st S
pe
cie
s
Cer
iod
ap
hn
ia d
ub
ia
Ch
iro
no
mu
s d
ilutu
s H
yale
lla a
ztec
a
Lon
g-te
rm E
xpo
sure
Se
dim
en
t To
xici
ty S
tud
y D
esi
gn
H.
azte
ca
(8 s
ite s
am
ple
s)
10
-day S
urv
ival
& G
row
th
(scre
enin
g)
(4 s
ite s
am
ple
s)
28
-da
y S
urv
iva
l &
Gro
wth
Te
st
(definitiv
e)
C.
ten
tan
s
(8 s
ite s
am
ple
s)
10
-da
y S
urv
iva
l &
Gro
wth
(scre
enin
g)
(4 s
ite s
am
ple
s)
PL
C S
urv
iva
l,
Gro
wth
, &
E
me
rge
nc
e T
es
t
(definitiv
e)
C. dubia
(8 s
ite s
am
ple
s)
3-b
roo
d S
urv
ival
& R
ep
rod
uc
tio
n
Te
st
(≈ 7
da
ys
)
(definitiv
e)
Lon
g-te
rm E
xpo
sure
Toxi
city
En
dp
oin
ts
•In
hib
itio
n C
on
cen
trat
ion
of
25
% (
IC2
5)
•C
. du
bia
– 3
-bro
od
su
rviv
al a
nd
re
pro
du
ctio
n
•H
. azt
eca
– 2
8-d
su
rviv
al, g
row
th, b
iom
ass
•C
. dilu
tus –
20
-d s
urv
ival
, gro
wth
, bio
mas
s an
d p
arti
al li
fe-c
ycle
su
rviv
al a
nd
em
erge
nce
•G
row
th =
to
tal w
eig
ht
surv
ivin
g /
# su
rviv
ing
•B
iom
ass
= to
tal w
eig
ht
surv
ivin
g /
# in
itia
l
Scre
en
ing
Test
Su
rviv
al &
G
row
th
Def
init
ive
Te
st
Surv
ival
&
Gro
wth
H. a
ztec
a
Exp
osu
re (
d)
10
2
0
28
6
0
C. d
ilutu
s
Scre
en
ing
Test
Su
rviv
al &
G
row
th
Def
init
ive
Te
st
Surv
ival
&
Gro
wth
; Em
erg
en
ce
Be
gin
s
Def
init
ive
Te
st
Surv
ival
&
Eme
rge
nce
Tim
eli
ne
an
d E
nd
po
ints
: H
. a
zte
ca &
C.
dil
utu
s
Scre
en
ing
an
d D
efi
nit
ive T
ests
Sam
plin
g-Tr
ansp
ort
atio
n-P
roce
ssin
g Lo
gist
ics
Lon
g-te
rm E
xpo
sure
To
xici
ty R
esu
lts
Cer
iod
ap
hn
ia d
ub
ia
•C
linch
Riv
er –
no
eff
ect
s o
n s
urv
ival
or
rep
rod
uct
ion
•Em
ory
Riv
er –
no
eff
ect
s o
n s
urv
ival
or
rep
rod
uct
ion
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
CR
M 1
.5C
RM
2.5
CR
M 3
.0C
RM
4.5
Clin
ch R
ive
r H
yale
lla a
ztec
a IC
25 V
alu
es
(%) 28
-d S
urv
ival
28
-d G
row
th
28
-d B
iom
ass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
CR
M 1
.5C
RM
2.0
CR
M 3
.0C
RM
4.0
Clin
ch R
ive
r C
hir
on
om
us
dilu
tus
IC2
5 V
alu
es
(%)
20
-d S
urv
ival
20
-d G
row
th
20
-d B
iom
ass
PLC
Su
rviv
al
Emer
gen
ce
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
ERM
1.0
ERM
2.5
ERM
3.5
ERM
5.5
Emo
ry R
ive
r H
yale
lla a
ztec
a IC
25 V
alu
es
(%) 28
-d S
urv
ival
28
-d G
row
th
28
-d B
iom
ass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0
ERM
0.5
ERM
1.0
ERM
2.5
ERM
3.5
Emo
ry R
ive
r C
hir
on
om
us
dilu
tus
IC2
5 V
alu
es
(%)
20
-d S
urv
ival
20
-d G
row
th
20
-d B
iom
ass
PLC
Su
rviv
al
Emer
gen
ce
Lon
g-te
rm E
xpo
sure
Co
ncl
usi
on
s
•Su
rfac
e w
ate
r in
vert
eb
rate
s in
hab
itin
g th
e
sed
ime
nt-
wat
er
inte
rfac
e a
re n
ot
at r
isk
•M
ino
r ef
fect
s o
bse
rve
d in
Clin
ch R
ive
r ex
po
sure
s n
ot
attr
ibu
ted
to
ash
•H
. azt
eca
an
d C
. dilu
tus
exp
osu
res
to E
mo
ry
Riv
er
sed
ime
nts
wit
h >
40
-50
% a
sh s
ugg
est
m
od
era
te r
isks
Lon
g-te
rm M
on
ito
rin
g P
lan
Se
dim
en
t To
xici
ty S
amp
ling
•Sa
mp
le c
olle
ctio
n:
20
13
& 2
01
7 (
con
curr
en
t w
ith
be
nth
ic c
om
mu
nit
y sa
mp
ling)
•ER
M 6
.0 (
refe
ren
ce)
•ER
M 1
.0 (
kno
wn
ash
de
po
sits
)
•C
RM
8.0
(re
fere
nce
)
•C
RM
3.0
(kn
ow
n a
sh d
ep
osi
ts)
•O
verb
ank
are
as o
nly
wit
h s
uit
able
hab
itat
Lon
g-te
rm M
on
ito
rin
g P
lan
La
bo
rato
ry T
oxi
city
Te
stin
g
•H
. azt
eca
10
-day
Su
rviv
al &
Gro
wth
Te
st
•D
efin
itiv
e (
0, 2
0, 4
0, 6
0, 8
0, 1
00
% )
•R
ive
r re
fere
nce
sam
ple
re
sult
s co
mp
are
d t
o
lab
ora
tory
se
dim
en
t sa
mp
le r
esu
lts
•ER
M 1
.0 a
nd
CR
M 3
.0 s
amp
le r
esu
lts
com
par
ed
to
riv
er
refe
ren
ce s
amp
le r
esu
lts
•R
ive
r w
ate
r u
sed
in a
ll te
sts
