Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) ‘Abdulaye Miskine’ · Africa air cargo companies 2001 114 armed groups Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89 West African 2006 247–67 border

Small Arms Survey

Cumulative Index 2001—2014 Compiled by Margaret Binns www.binnsindexing.co.uk

Order of entries is word-by-word; for example El Salvador comes before Eldoret

Personal names beginning with al- are indexed under the part of the name following; for

example al-Badr, Muhammed is listed under Badr.

9A-91 assault rifle 2002 26

12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24

92F pistols 2002 37

655 Report (United States) 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113

A9 Group 2004 107

AAAS see American Association for the Advancement of Science

Aasha Gang Conflict Mediation Project (United Kingdom) 2010 247

AB see Aryan Brotherhood

ABA see American Bar Association

abductions

conflict goods 2002 142

Georgia 2003 209, 210

Haiti 2007 174

Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) 2006 275–9, 280–1, 288–9

Papua New Guinea 2006 184

risk to development workers 2003 149

tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184

‘Abdulaye Miskine’ 2005 309

Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk 2013 238

Abkhazia

conflict with Georgia 2003 191–2, 194–5

conflict sourcing 2005 171

conflict use 2005 184

gun culture 2005 214

illicit transfers to 2001 179–80

post-conflict period 2003 207–10

terror attacks 2002 172

ABM see Air Bursting Munitions

Aboukir Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17

Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) (Philippines) 2002 98

illicit weapons 2013 302–4, 308

accessibility thesis 2001 202–7, 2002 159, 2004 182–6

accessories

costs 2012 275

definitions 2012 245–6

manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 45, 49–51, 58–62

transfers 2006 68–73, 75–8, 2012 2, 5–7, 269–75

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 113–17

estimating 2012 250–1

types of 2012 261–9

accidental shootings

accessibility thesis 2001 202

armed groups 2010 319

assault rifles, lethality 2001 212

Brazil 2007 230

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 199–200

weapons collection, Argentina 2002 309

accountability, stockpiles 2003 58

accounting, costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 135, 2006 193

Accuracy International (United Kingdom) 2002 40, 2004 27, 30

Aceh


Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh (BRA) (Aceh Reintegration Agency) 2009 249, 257–8,

266, 268–9, 273–4

Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi (BRR) (Tsunami Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

Agency) 2009 273–4

conflict deaths 2005 249

DDR programme 2005 291, 2009 256–9

donor support 2009 258–9

economy 2009 270

education 2009 265

employment 2009 264, 270

GAM Needs Assessment 2009 251, 264–5

gun violence 2004 191

Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) 2009 249, 253, 256–7

history of conflict 2009 251–4

human rights violations 2007 77–9

insurgent firearms 2002 98

peace agreement 2009 253

post-conflict 2009 226, 228

reconstruction 2009 270–1

violence 2009 253–4

poverty 2009 264

reintegration 2009 249–51, 256–78

tsunami (2004) 2009 253

aid 2009 271–5

weapons collection and destruction 2009 256

see also Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM)

Aceh Conflict Monitoring Updates 2009 251

Aceh Monitoring Mission (AMM) 2009 253, 256

Aceh Poverty Assessment 2009 251, 264

Aceh Reintegration Agency see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh

Aceh Reintegration and Livelihoods Surveys (ARLS) 2009 251

Aceh Village Survey 2009 251

Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) 2007 78

Acholi people (Uganda) 2006 274–5, 2013 104, 105

Acioli, Patricia 2012 70

acoustic technology, police weapons 2011 83

ACP see Automatic Colt Pistol

acquisition, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5

acquisition networks, demand for small arms 2006 145

acquisitions approach, militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–62, 264

ACS see Ammunition Coding System

ACT see Australian Capital Territory

ACTC see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Centre for Combating

Transnational Crime

Active Denial System 2011 86

Adams, Gerry 2006 260

Adaptive Combat Rifle 2011 76

Aden (Yemen) 2003 170, 173, 175

ADI see Australian Defence Industries

ADM assault rifles 2006 283

adults, violence risk factors 2008 252

advocacy

NGOs 2002 242

supply-side humanitarianism 2002 183–4

Aegis 2011 125

AEK-919K Kashtan sub-machine gun 2002 26

AEK-971 assault rifle 2002 26

AEY Inc. 2007 82

ammunition procurement 2010 14

AfD see Arms for Development

Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) 2009 292

Afghan Military Forces

DDR programmes 2009 286, 298

transitional security force 2009 233, 236, 289

Afghan National Army, transfers to 2003 112

Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) 2012 333

Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 287, 292–9

disarmament process 2009 295

donors 2009 294

Afghan Pipeline 2001 180–1

Afghanistan

ammonium nitrate fertilizer 2013 240–1

ammunition 2011 76

destruction 2009 302

procurement 2010 14

undocumented transfers 2010 27

armed groups 2009 290–1

ATGWs 2011 32–3

attacks on schools 2009 203–4

children’s health 2009 206

conflict

casualties caused by mortars 2001 212

child soldiers 2001 230


firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211

former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3

history of 2009 287–91

trigger effect 2001 204–5

conflict deaths 2005 234, 237, 244, 246–7, 2009 289

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 288, 312, 2004 58, 2005 291, 2009

184, 285–6, 291–310

destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101

development assistance 2009 307–8

disarmament 2009 292–9, 305–6

security dilemma 2009 304–5

displaced persons 2001 2002 196

drug economy 2009 307

explosions at arms depots 2010 322


Human Development Index 2009 307

illegal armed groups, disbanding 2009 299–304

illicit transfers from 2001 180–1

to Azerbaijan 2001 180

to Kazakhstan 2012 123

to Tajikistan 2005 171

illicit transfers to

arms embargoes against 2001 180–1, 2002 132, 133

Cold War grey market 2001 169

irresponsible transfers 2007 91, 98

to non-state actors 2007 135

Pakistani craft production 2001 47, 2003 32–3

illicit weapons 2012 2–3, 7, 313–14, 2013 309, 311–12

Chinese 2014 268

country of origin 2012 330, 333

data sources 2012 315–16

light weapons 2012 333–6

prices 2013 251

seized caches 2012 330–6

small arms 2012 331–3

sources 2012 348–9

trafficking 2012 335

imports

from Bulgaria 2003 109

human rights 2004 128

irresponsible transfers to 2007 91, 98

list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 70

from Romania 2003 110

from Russia 2003 111

trends 2000 2003 112

from the United States 2001 180–1, 2003 107, 2007 98

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 74

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2010 123, 2013 225–6, 227, 228–30, 234, 241–2

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310

landmines, destruction 2009 302

light weapons use 2011 23–4

MANPADS 2004 84, 85–6, 88, 89, 92

attacks on aircraft 2008 13

diversion 2008 119, 120, 125

masculinity and firearms 2005 211

military procurement 2006 22

militias 2010 118, 122, 262

non-state actors

foreign government support for 2002 130–1, 2007 135

illicit transfers to 2007 135

light weapons holdings 2008 32

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 195

non-state armed groups, firearms 2010 122

political violence 2009 229

politization of humanitarian action 2002 186

post-conflict 2005 199, 271–2

death and injury rates 2002 163

security 2009 304–5

timeline of key events 2001–2006 2009 293

violence 2009 230, 285

prices

black market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66

Kalashnikov assault rifles 2002 66, 2007 263, 274

private security companies 2011 101

armed 2011 112, 115, 116

firearm stockpiles 2011 113

firearm types 2011 117–19

illicit arms possession 2011 119–20

personnel 2011 104

production, illicit craft production 2003 27

Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) 2014 65

reconciliation 2009 308–9

reintegration of ex-combatants 2009 295–9

abuse of system 2009 295–6

training 2009 297, 298

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 73–6, 2005 71

ammunition 2009 302

estimates 2001 63

insurgent stockpiles 2001 81, 82, 2002 83

MANPADS 2004 84

surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 81

trafficking 2004 322–3

transitional security forces 2009 236

US production 2004 11, 28–9

violence clustering surveys 2005 240

violent incidents 2008 232–3

weapons collection 2009 292–3, 295

women and firearms 2014 65

Yemen 2003 171

see also Northern Alliance; Taliban

AFL see Armed Forces of Liberia

AFRC see Armed Forces Revolutionary Council

Africa

air cargo companies 2001 114

armed groups

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89

West African 2006 247–67

border porousness 2007 266–7

brokering 2001 96, 110

civilian firearms 2003 80–6, 2004 198, 2007 171, 172, 2011 264

conflict


conflict-related mortality 2001 210

internal displacement 2001 225

control measures 2002 95, 262–3

regional measures 2001 258–66

crime and violence 2004 175, 176, 178, 179, 192–200

carjackings 2007 171, 172

urban armed violence 2007 171–3

correlation to city size 2007 167

gangs 2007 171

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 288–90, 294, 2003 279, 307

demilitarization industry 2013 193–4

effects of small arms misuse 2003 147


firearms ownership, urban armed violence 2007 171, 172

gang violence 2010 142–4

illicit transfers 2001 170–5

brokering 2001 96

transport networks 2001 115–23

imports

trends 2000 2003 110

value 2000 2003 101

judicial systems, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 185

land conflicts 2013 1, 3, 103–26

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 261, 266–7, 281, 282, 283

private military companies 2001 110

private security companies, armed 2011 114, 115

production, distribution of producers 2001 10

stockpiles 2003 80–6

civilian holdings 2007 63

insurgent stockpiles 2002 81–2

sub-regions 2001 259

transfers 2003 117–19

trends 2000 2003 100

value 2000 2003 100, 101

young men and small arms 2006 299, 305

see also Eastern Africa; Great Lakes and Horn of Africa; North Africa; Organization of

African Unity; Southern Africa; sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa

Africa Peace Forum, initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265

African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe, weapon-related commitments 2010 317, 318

African Union (AU) see Organization of African Unity

African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) 2012 337, 339, 340, 345–7, 2014 200

AFSC see American Friends Service Committee

age

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125

firearm possession 2011 275–6

firearm-related deaths

Brazil 2007 228, 232–3, 235, 238–41, 247

Colombia 2006 228–30

United States 2001 204, 239

suicide, Brazil 2007 243, 244, 247

urban violence 2007 167

victims of violence 2004 180, 183

violence risk factors 2008 251–3, 258

young men and small arms 2006 295–317

see also youth

age of stock, military procurement 2006 14–20

agenda development, NGOs 2002 242

aggravated assault, United States, firearm use 2014 251–2

agricultural land, Africa 2013 104–5

agriculture


humanitarian impacts 2002 160

AGS-17 grenade launcher 2008 24

Ahlu Sunna wal Jama’a (ASWJ) (Somalia) 2012 337, 346

Ahtisaari, Martti 2009 249

AIA see Afghan Interim Authority

aid agencies, attacks on, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276

AIEK-973 assault rifle 2002 26

aiming lasers 2012 245

Air Atlantic Cargo 2001 121

Air Bursting Munitions (ABM) 2003 25

air cargo companies

brokers 2001 110–23, 172

tax havens 2001 104

Air Cess 2001 114, 119, 121, 122

Air Foyle 2001 122–3, 172

air guns 2004 107–8, 189

air transport

brokers 2001 110–23

civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62

control measures 2010 44–9

customs regulations 2010 54–8, 62

international regulation 2010 49–50

national regulation 2010 50–4

Air Transport Office (ATO) 2001 104, 118–19

aircraft

air cargo companies 2001 110–23, 172

illicit brokering 2004 145

MANPADS attacks 2004 90–1, 93, 94, 2008 12, 13

registration 2001 114–15, 2010 60

use for diversions 2008 115–16

airline security, US to Puerto Rico 2012 12–13

AK series assault rifles

exports from the Russian Federation 2001 158

identifying features 2014 219–20

illicit weapons in possession of RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173

intellectual property rights 2007 24

Iraq 2007 84–5

mafia use 2013 91

popularity 2001 18, 20, 2007 258–9

producers

Egypt 2002 17

Russian Federation 2001 33, 158, 2002 25

symbolism 2001 205

technological developments 2003 22

AK-47 assault rifles

ammunition

availability 2005 19

type 2007 260

Bulgaria 2003 109

Burundi 2007 204

Central America 2012 18


crime in Africa 2004 194, 195

drug violence, Mexico 2012 17, 29

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 60–1, 63, 64, 67

Georgia 2003 201

illicit transfers of 2013 312

to Colombia 2003 116, 2006 85

to Jamaica 2012 31

to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262

illustration of 2007 259


Iraq 2012 320

irresponsible transfers of, to Iraq 2007 82, 83

Kalashnikov series 2004 15, 34

Kosovo 2004 197

Kyrgyzstan 2004 319, 321

Latin America 2003 87

popularity 2007 258–9

prices 2002 65

2006 2007 260

Afghanistan 2013 251

Africa 2003 86

black market 2002 66–7

fashion and 2002 70

looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9

second-hand 2002 67–8

production

global 2001 62, 63, 2006 54, 55

illicit craft production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33

JSC Izhmash 2002 24–5

survey of producers 2004 28

seizures in Afghanistan 2003 76

South Sudan 2007 329

stockpiles

destruction of surpluses 2004 60

government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75

India 2002 101

insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1

Iraq 2004 47–8, 49

militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 267

Mozambique 2001 64

Pakistan 2002 100

Saudi National Guard 2004 55

West African armed groups 2006 257

use by private security companies 2011 114, 117–18, 119

use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

varieties 2007 260

Yemen 2007 45

see also Kalashnikov-pattern rifles

AK-74 assault rifles 2001 17, 2006 283

ammunition 2007 260

Burundi 2007 204

government armed forces stocks, East Germany 2001 75


producers, JSC Izhmash 2002 25


AK-101 assault rifles

ammunition 2007 260


AK-103 assault rifles 2006 12, 87

ammunition 2007 260

licensed production 2007 9, 11, 30

AK-105 assault rifles, identifying 2009 111

AK5 automatic rifles 2006 55

AKM assault rifles 2001 17, 2006 222, 226

ammunition 2007 260

diversion to Colombia 2008 113

identifying 2009 111, 130


import marks 2009 118

Iraq 2012 321

Akol, Lam 2007 321

AKSU-74 assault rifles, Burundi 2007 204

Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, stockpiles 2003 78

Al Shaggara Ammunition Plant (Sudan) 2014 232

Al Zarghaa Engineering Complex (Sudan) 2014 232

Al-Kadissiya sniper rifles, Iraq 2012 321

Al-Nassira rocket launcher 2012 323

Al-Qaeda

Afghanistan 2007 135, 2009 285, 288

armed violence 2010 85

guided light weapons holdings 2008 33

home-made explosives 2013 237–8


MANPADS 2004 88

Somalia 2007 93–4

stockpiles 2003 73–6, 2004 55

suicide bombers 2013 222

training 2013 242

transfers to 2003 112, 2004 102

Yemen 2003 170

Al-Qassam rockets, Gaza 2008 15

Al-Shabaab (Somalia) 2012 154, 337–8, 346

ammunition 2014 200–1


illicit weapons 2013 254, 269, 271

Albania

ammunition 2005 30

diversion 2008 52

production 2014 190

stockpiles 2008 91, 93, 2010 13, 14

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 301–3, 2007 65

EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271–2

incentives 2002 306

participatory approaches 2002 313

SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290

UNDP 2002–2004 2005 292

UNDP/UNDDA/UNOPS 1997–2002 2003 281

weapons for development in Gramsh 1999 2001 177, 2002 298–300, 302

demilitarization industry 2013 189, 192, 204

destruction programmes 2008 97

MANPADS 2008 101

effects of small arms misuse 2001 200–1

exports, UN Register 2012 287

gun culture 2005 208–10


alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132

to the KLA 2004 133, 2005 218–19

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 274

private security companies


personnel 2011 104

production

global ranking of countries 2001 16

licensed 2007 15

survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2003 43

stockpiles


looting from state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 200–1, 273, 2002 76–7, 298–9

military 2006 38, 44, 47

People’s War strategy 2002 76, 77

stockpile security 2002 260


women, small arms control 2014 40

Albanians

gun culture in Kosovo 2005 205–23

Macedonia/FRY, gun ownership 2003 67

Albright, Madeleine 2004 92

Albuquerque, New Mexico (United States), illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

alcohol

civilian firearm users 2011 277

Colombia 2006 230

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181


and violence 2001 207, 2008 222, 264, 275, 2013 147, 149

Alcotan-100 rocket launcher 2008 25

Alderney, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Alemão favela (Brazil), drug violence 2012 65–6, 71

Alexander II, Tsar 2013 219

Alexander, John 2011 84

Alexandre, Boniface 2011 234

Algeria

ammunition, production 2014 190, 194

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 214

brokering 2004 152

conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 248, 249

human rights violations 2007 76, 77

illicit transfers to, from Osama bin Laden 2001 171

imports

from Brazil 2004 123

classification of 2004 108

human rights 2004 102, 128

irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 77, 98


value 2001 2004 109

non-state actors

foreign government support for 2002 130

Islamic militants 2003 79


non-state armed groups 2010 270–1

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 274

production


licensed 2007 19

survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 17, 19, 57

stockpiles

military 2005 88

police 2005 89

Algerian Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la prédication et le

combat) (GSPC) 2006 256

All Up Weight, ammunition 2005 11

Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror (APRCT) (Somalia) 2007 93–4

alliances, military procurement 2006 21

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) (United States)

ammunition production 2001 27, 2010 22

company profile 2000 2002 29

financial indicators 2000 2002 21

government contracts 2003 17

manufacturing sectors 2005 59

Alpimex SL (Slovenia) 2003 46

Alÿs, Francis 2005 143

Amadeo Rossi (Brazil)


imports 2004 123


survey of producers 2001 29, 30, 2002 32, 2004 22

Amal Movement, Lebanon 2009 319, 320

ambushes, Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 288

AMCOM see United States, Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command

Ameli light machine gun 2002 38

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2005 242

American Bar Association (ABA) 2005 242

American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) 2006 144

American Samoa


gun control measures 2004 302

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284

Americans gang (South Africa) 2010 164

Americas


police, average number of officers 2006 42


production

licensed and unlicensed 2007 23

regional survey 2001 25–30

regional norms 2003 236

stockpiles, military 2006 52, 53, 58

weapons collection programmes 2003 280

see also Central America; Latin America; North America; South America; United States

AMF see Afghan Military Forces

AMISOM see African Union Mission in Somalia

ammonium nitrate fertilizer, use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 238–41

ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO), Mpila ammunition depot explosions 2014 147, 149–50


.50 calibre sniper rifles 2005 53

Arms Trade Treaty 2014 82

authorized transfers 2009 146, 2010 7–35, 2012 242, 251

availability 2005 18–23

Yemen 2003 178

ballistics and health effects 2001 212, 240, 2005 23

Chinese, profiling 2014 200–2, 208

conflict areas, documenting 2014 180–2

construction 2005 10–12


national control of civilian ownership 2002 265

Pacific 2004 302

UN General Assembly First Committee 2007 126

UN Group of Governmental Experts 2009 135, 143–7, 152

UN Programme of Action 2005 126–7

Côte d’Ivoire 2014 182, 187–208

counting 2005 11

definition 2010 8–9

demilitarization 2013 2, 4, 187–211

capabilities and capacities 2013 198–9

cluster munitions 2013 194–5

compliance and oversight 2013 201–3

contracts and tenders 2013 190–1

costs 2013 191–3, 209–10

environmental hazards 2013 204–5

industry actors 2013 188–90

market opportunities 2013 193–4

open burning and open detonation (OB/OD) 2013 188, 206–8

processes 2013 195–8

recovery, recycling, and reuse (R3) 2013 198, 208–10

regulations 2013 200–4

safety 2013 203–4

transport controls 2013 200–1

destruction programmes, Kazakhstan 2012 134–5

diversion 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 52

Albania 2008 52

Brazil 2008 45, 46, 52

Israel 2008 52

Kenya 2008 51, 52

Peru 2008 52

Uganda 2008 51

identifying marks 2009 117

illicit, prices 2013 261–8, 275–9

Iranian, in Sudan 2014 230

Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 260

lethality 2001 212

Libya 2014 182–3, 187–208

light weapons ammunition 2006 66–7

definition 2010 9

technological developments 2010 33–4

transfers 2010 7–8, 18–20, 27–32, 34–5

marking and tracing 2002 245, 2005 25–9, 31

International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 96–7, 99, 100, 102–3, 2007 124

lot-marking 2007 303, 311

measurement of 2008 89, 90–1

military requirements 2008 89–94

non-lethal armed violence 2012 82

non-lethal weapons 2004 221–3, 2005 16

packaging 2014 192

Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 177–8

production

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2003 43

Brazil 2001 29, 2002 32, 2004 21, 22

Canada 2001 27

central and eastern Europe 2001 35, 2003 38

Egypt 2002 17

France 2002 33

global production by volume 2001 14


Hungary 2001 37

illicit craft production, Philippines 2003 34–5

Iran 2002 18

Israel 2002 18

Kenya 2002 46

Kyrgyzstan 2004 321

licensed 2007 18, 20, 21

major producers 2003 14–15, 2004 27, 2010 22

military-calibre, global production 2002 15

Nigeria 2001 41, 2002 46–7

Poland 2003 42

Russian Federation 2002 26, 2003 20

Serbia and Montenegro 2003 47

South Africa 2001 41

Sudan 2002 18–19

survey of producers 2003 13, 2005 13–17

Switzerland 2001 32

Syria 2002 19

Turkey 2002 20

United States 2001 25, 27, 2002 29, 2003 16–17, 2004 11–12, 2005 44

unlicensed 2007 20, 21

value 2000 2002 14–15

Zimbabwe 2001 41

profiling 2014 5, 179–208

calibre 2014 187–8

country of manufacture 2014 189–91

data collection 2014 180–2

methodology 2014 185–7

produced since 2000 2014 193–4

produced since 2010 2014 195–6

unmarked 2014 204–7, 208

year of manufacture 2014 188–9

reloading 2007 305

security risk coding 2008 50

shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 22–3, 25–7, 30

small arms ammunition


transfers 2010 7–8, 18, 20–7, 34–5

small-calibre

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 14–17

identification 2014 186

transfers 2010 18, 21–4, 30

Somalia and Somaliland 2014 183, 187–208

stockpiles 2010 13, 14

Afghanistan 2003 75–6, 2009 302

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 284–5, 286


Second World War weapons in the Pacific Islands 2003 35

shelf life 2005 17–18, 31

storage 2005 21

West African armed groups 2006 247, 255, 257, 258

storage conditions 2014 155

Sudan and South Sudan 2014 183, 187–208

Sudanese, profiling 2014 202–4, 208

surplus 2008 89–94


Syria 2014 183–5, 187–208

technological developments 2003 23, 24–5, 2005 16–17, 2011 25, 75–7

terminal ballistics 2001 240, 2005 23

tons 2008 90

transfers

analysis 2010 20–32

for civilian weapons 2003 102–3

customs data 2002 126

to Cyprus 2003 105

estimated values 2010 17–20

exporters 2006 68–73

global trade 2004 100, 2006 67, 2010 7–35

government data 2001 149, 150

importers 2006 75–8

from Kyrgyzstan 2004 321

to the Pacific 2004 280–1

to Republic of the Congo 2014 154–6


from Sweden 2001 151

transparency 2010 10–13

transportation 2005 26

trends 2001–2011 2014 113–17

undocumented 2010 18, 27

value 2002 2005 98–9

Ukrainian, profiling 2014 204

unauthorized retransfers 2014 119, 126

unleaded 2005 16–17

see also bullets; calibre

Ammunition Coding System (ACS) 2005 28

ammunition depots

explosions

Kazakhstan 2012 108, 135, 136–8

Mpila (Republic of the Congo) 2014 145–70

amnesties

Australia 2004 57

Colombia 2006 263

incentives 2005 281

Iraq 2005 73

Kosovo 2002 291

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 185–8


Pacific 2004 303


Solomon Islands 2004 298–300

South Africa 2005 75, 2013 150

Sri Lanka 2004 59

Taiwan 2005 84

Thailand 2004 71

United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 188

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 291

Amnesty International 2004 1

Algeria 2007 77


codes of conduct 2002 183

irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 84–5

Israel 2007 79–80

NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security 2014 37

Political Terror Scale 2007 75

private security companies, monitoring 2011 150

tracing weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 126

transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4

violations of UN arms embargoes 2004 127

Ampatuans (Philippines) 2013 304, 308

Amuka militia (Uganda) 2010 267

AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24

AN/PAS-13 thermal sight 2012 264, 267, 268

AN/PSQ-23 rangefinder 2012 267, 268

ANBP see Afghan New Beginnings Programme

ANC/MK see African National Congress/Umkhonto We Sizwe

Andean Plan to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons

in All Its Aspects 2011 265

Andorra


tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Andrade, Mônica Viegas 2007 238

ANFO see ammonium nitrate/fuel oil

AngloGold Ashanti 2011 140, 156

Angola

brokering 2001 108, 2004 152, 165

conflict




percentage of population killed in conflict 2001 210

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290, 2009 184

of civilians 2004 57

defining ex-combatants 2005 284

elections 2003 304–5

mistakes 2005 285

peace negotiations 2003 287, 293, 297, 301–2

UNITA 2002 2003 279


disarmament 2009 162


illicit transfers between Republic of the Congo 2014 153–4

illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 263

illicit transfers to 2001 132, 2004 112, 2005 192

arms embargo 2002 132, 2004 265, 269

brokers 2001 116–19, 2004 165

from Bulgaria 2001 173, 2002 134, 249, 2004 265, 269

end-use assurances 2002 249

MANPADS 2004 88

from South Africa 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192

UNITA 2001 173

violations of end-user certificates 2002 134

imports




irresponsible transfers to 2007 98

trends 2000 2003 117, 118

MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 13

non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 32

post-conflict 2009 226

prices






firearm types 2011 117

personnel 2011 104

regulation 2011 150

training 2011 124

resource conflict 2013 103, 116

state-led violence 2009 229

stockpiles 2003 81

civilian holdings 2007 47–8, 49

UNITA demobilization 2009 233, 236

Angolan Armed Forces (FAA), use of private military companies 2001 110

Anguilla, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

ANHAM Joint Venture 2007 82

ANKI see National Army of Independent Kampuchea

Anna LLP (Kazakhstan), civilian firearms 2012 119

Annan, Kofi


humanitarian approach 2002 177

Millennium Report (2000) 2001 2

Programme of Action 2002 203

stockpile estimates 2003 58

Ansar al-Islam 2013 235

ANSF see Afghan National Security Forces

ant trade 2002 128–9, 135

to Brazil 2001 186, 2006 84

to Colombia 2005 160, 163, 165

definition 2001 168

to Haiti 2005 160, 2006 165

to Mexico 2003 108

West Africa 2006 256

anti-aircraft weapons

control measures 2005 124, 125

countries producing 2008 34–5

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 283

production 2004 33

see also man-portable air defence systems

anti-materiel rifles


prices 2008 22

production 2004 27, 30

types 2008 22–3

Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling,

Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction

anti-personnel mines

banning campaign 2010 309


global campaign 2001 280, 2002 179

Philippines 2013 307–8


see also landmines

Anti-Personnel Mines and Ammunition Stockpile Destruction project (Afghanistan) 2009 302

Anti-Social Behaviour Act (2003) (United Kingdom) 2004 189

anti-tank guided weapons (ATGWs)



held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3

illicit

Afghanistan 2012 334–6

Iraq 2012 326–9

Somalia 2012 340

manufacturing sectors 2005 59, 60, 61–2


parts 2012 244

producers 2011 31


licensed 2007 20, 21, 22

production and values 2008 28–30, 31


transfers 2011 31–3, 35

types 2008 18–20

anti-tank rounds, Iraq 2012 323–5

anti-tank weapons

missiles 2005 124

production 2004 27, 33, 34

shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70

Somalia 2012 341–2

unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6

see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers

anti-terrorism laws, policing 2004 220

anticipatory action, military stockpiles 2006 37, 60

Antigua and Barbuda


OAS firearms instruments 2001 254



Antigua Declaration (2000) 2001 258

antique weapons, tracing 2006 104

Antonov 124 aircraft 2001 122–3

AOI see Arab Organisation for Industrialisation

apartheid


civilian firearms 2003 239

craft production 2003 30–1

APC see Arewa People’s Congress

APEC see Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

APILAS shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71

Appiolaza, Martín 2002 307–10

APRCT see Alliance for Peace Restoration and Combat against Terror

APS95 assault rifles, unlicensed production 2007 25

A.Q. Khan Laboratories (Pakistan) 2005 60

AR-15 assault rifles

drug violence, Mexico 2012 29

Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 176, 177

AR-15-pattern rifles

ammunition 2014 187

illicit, United States 2014 245

AR70/90 assault rifles 2002 37

AR70/223 assault rifles 2001 63

Arab Jamahiriya (Libya), transfers from 2007 92

Arab League 2004 152

Arab Model Law on Weapons, Ammunitions Explosives and Hazardous Material 2011 265

Arab Organisation for Industrialisation (AOI) (Egypt) 2001 38–9

Arabic Islamic Front of Azawad (FIAA) 2005 165

Arafat, Yassir 2002 93, 2003 78

‘architecture of fear’, fragmentation of public space 2007 176, 178

Arcus (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2005 57

Arewa People’s Congress (APC) (Nigeria) 2006 249

ARF see Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Regional Forum

Argentina

control measures

MERCOSUR 2001 258



diversion of firearms 2012 32

end-user certificates 2008 128

exports

annual value 2001 148

average annual value 2001 147

Comtrade data 2012 275


irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 99, 104, 107

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 21, 41, 42

producers’ dependence on 2004 123

transparency 2006 83, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

trends 2000 2003 114

UN Register 2012 287

to the United States 2009 21

firearm homicides 2012 9, 13, 16, 24

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 240, 2003 138

gun buy-back programme 2012 24

homicide rates 2012 15


to Brazil 2001 22, 23, 2003 117

to Croatia 2001 102

to Ecuador 2007 29


illicit transfers to, brokers 2001 103

illicit weapons

private illegal firearms 2001 87

seizures 2006 84

imports


from the United States 2000 2003 106

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106

informal security groups 2011 103


private security companies, personnel 2011 104

production


of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22, 23

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18, 29

light weapons 2008 34

manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 61

most popular small arms 2001 20

survey of producers 2001 28, 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 18–21

security sector reform 2003 153

stockpiles 2004 51, 53, 61


distribution of firearms 2001 67

diversions from 2001 184–5

military 2005 77


surplus weapons 2008 84, 85

urbanization 2007 168

weapons collection programmes 2002 302, 2003 60, 280

public awareness 2002 307–10

Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257, 2002 182

Arias, Oscar 2001 257, 2002 182, 2014 78

Aristide, Jean-Bertrand 2005 163, 288, 2007 174, 2011 230, 231

Arizona (United States)

civilian firearms

carrying in public 2011 295

prohibited and restricted 2011 272

transfer regulation 2011 284

Armalite (United States) 2005 54

Armament Technology (Canada) 2001 27

Armatix (Germany) personalized gun technology 2011 80

Armbrust rocket launchers, Iraq 2012 323

armed assault

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 199–200, 201

Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 174

armed conflict

definition 2013 285

illicit weapon prices 2013 271–3

types of 2013 8–9

see also conflict

armed forces see state armed forces

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) 2005 167–9

Armed Forces for the National Liberation of East Timor 2006 253

Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249, 255


armed groups

accidental use of firearms 2010 319

Afghanistan 2009 290–1, 299–304

Cambodia, stockpiles 2006 119, 120–2, 125, 126

civilian holdings crossing over to 2007 60–1

civilian targeting 2010 316–18

Colombia 2006 215–17, 220–6, 233–4, 263

command and control 2006 221, 252–3, 265–6

control measures, supply-side measures 2006 258–9

definitions 2010 86–9, 186

demand for small arms 2006 145–8

disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes 2006 259–65

engagement 2010 94, 305–26

female members 2010 191, 195, 201

humanitarian commitments 2010 310–11

humanitarian engagement 2010 306–15

internal regulations 2010 313


organizational factors 2005 188–99

policing 2010 319

pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 255–72


misuse 2010 316–18

safety 2010 319–24

transfers and diversion 2010 324–5

sources of firearms 2006 253–6

South Sudan 2007 318–26, 341–4

South-East Asia 2006 253

stockpile management 2010 322–4

Sudan 2010 95–6, 285–8

typology 2006 248–50

urban political armed violence 2007 173, 186

Venezuela, urban violence in Caracas 2007 186

violence 2010 85–6, 2013 12

weapons management 2006 257

West Africa 2006 247–67

young men and small arms 2006 307

see also gangs; guerrillas; insurgents; militias; non-state armed groups; paramilitaries; rebel

groups

Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

armed parties and political movements (PMPAs) (Burundi) 2007 203–7

armed robbery

at sea 2012 192

Burundi 2007 212

Cambodia 2006 127–30

Georgia 2003 209


armed violence

actors 2013 9–10

common factors 2008 219–22

data collection 2008 216–17, 222, 237

data and monitoring 2013 151–2

definition 2008 246, 277, 2012 81, 2013 2, 7–9, 12, 134

drivers 2013 11–12, 133, 137–9

dynamics 2008 231

firearms interventions 2008 278–9

gendered perspective 2013 18–22

global burden 2008 218

impacts on children and youth 2009 193–212

interventions 2008 226–7, 235–6, 275–6, 278–9, 295–8

El Salvador 2008 281, 288–95

United States 2008 280–8

intimate partner violence 2013 1–2, 3, 17–39

legislation 2013 139, 140–2

mafia 2013 1, 3, 75–6, 80–8

monitoring 2013 140

non-conflict 2013 1–2, 3–4, 7–13

policing practices 2013 139

post-conflict 2009 219–30, 253–4

prevention 2008 223, 227, 2013 137–40

psychosocial effects 2009 198–9

public health approach 2008 211–12, 223–8, 236–40

regional distribution 2008 218–19

risk factors 2008 262–3, 282, 2009 230–2

school shootings 2008 265–6

as social phenomenon 2008 236–7

socio-economic policy 2013 139–40, 145–7, 152

Somaliland 2012 3, 151–3, 159, 162

South Africa 2013 1, 4, 133–52


urban areas 2008 221–2, 257, 291

see also non-lethal armed violence; violence

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178, 2008 292

armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) programming, South Africa 2013 133,

147–50

Armenia

brokering 2004 152

exports


value 2001 148

illicit transfers from, to Chechnya 2001 178


imports, grenade launchers 2011 26

production


Nagorno-Karabakh 2003 47–8


stockpiles 2004 54

Armimex (Bulgaria) 2003 44

armour-piercing (AP) rounds 2003 23, 2005 21–2

Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk see Human Security Baseline Assessment

arms control

comparison with disarmament 2009 160


arms control regimes

international 2010 49–50

national 2010 50–4

Arms Corporation of the Philippines (Armscor) 2001 44

arms depots, explosions 2010 322–4

Arms for Development (AfD) 2002 297–303, 306, 2006 264–5

Arms Exchange Programme for Better Living Conditions (Argentina) 2002 307–10

arms markets, Somalia 2012 347

arms reduction see weapons reduction

arms trade see authorized transfers; transfers

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2004 133, 2007 117, 126, 129, 130, 2009 135–6, 147–52

ammunitions/munitions and parts and components 2014 82

brokering controls 2014 91–2

comparison with other instruments 2014 86–7

and Comtrade data 2014 136–7

conventional arms 2014 80–2

diversion controls 2014 93

draft parameters 2009 151

enforcement 2014 93

export assessment 2014 85–8

export controls, Sudan and South Sudan 2014 237

feasibility 2009 150

final provisions 2014 96–7

gender-based violence 2014 35, 55–7, 58

general implementation measures 2014 88

history of 2009 147–8, 2014 78–9

impact of 2014 3, 5, 97–100, 109

import controls 2014 89–90

international cooperation and assistance 2014 93–4

introductory provisions 2014 96

nature of 2014 80

negotiations 2011 43–4, 53–5

open-ended working group 2009 148, 152, 2011 53–4

Preparatory Committee 2011 54–5

prohibitions 2014 84

record-keeping 2014 94

reporting commitments 2014 94–5

scope 2009 150–1

signing of (2013) 2014 77

transfer criteria 2014 83–8

transfer definitions 2014 83

transit or transhipment controls 2014 90

transparency of transfers 2014 131–9

UN General Assembly resolutions 2009 148–9

and UN Register 2014 80–2, 95, 132–5, 138–9

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 5, 117, 122, 127, 128

Arms Transfer Profiling Indicator System (ATPIS) 2008 129

Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) (El Salvador) 2008 292–5

‘Arms-to-Africa’ scandal (1998) 2001 110

Armscor (South Africa) 2002 45, 47–8

‘Army of the Pure’: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) (Pakistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008

33

arquebuses, Yemen 2003 172–3

Arrow Boys (Uganda) 2010 267

Arsenal (Bulgaria) 2003 44, 2006 25

airburst grenades 2011 25

Arsenalul Armatei (Romania) 2003 45

art 2005 142–57

firearm use 2011 286

artillery rockets, transfers to Europe 2003 104

Aruba, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi (2000) 2007 199, 207

Aryan Brotherhood (AB) (United States) 2010 160

Arys (Kazakhstan), ammunition depot explosion 2012 135, 136–8

ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia

Asaib Ahl al-Haq 2013 232

ASEAN see Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASG see Abu Sayyaf Group

Asia



transfers, value 2000 2003 101–2

young men, proportion of population 2006 299

see also Asia-Pacific; Central Asia; East Asia Pacific; Northeast Asia; South Asia; Southeast

Asia

Asia-Pacific

firearm homicides 2004 175, 176, 177, 178, 200



production

distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2002 12, 2003 12, 14, 2004 10

distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 12, 2003 11, 2004 9


survey of producers 2001 42–5

stockpiles, military 2006 52–3, 58

violence and crime 2004 179


see also Asia; Pacific

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2004 93

MANPADS controls 2005 128, 2007 28, 2014 122

Asia–Pacific, gang violence 2010 142–4

ASNLF see Aceh/Sumatra National Liberation Front

assassinations

Burundi 2007 212

European stockpiles 2003 63

assault, armed

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 199–200, 201


assault rifles

ammunition 2005 12, 19, 21

Brazil 2006 84, 2007 304–5

Central African Republic 2005 312

Colombia 2006 225, 231

crime 2001 22

Africa 2004 194

Brazil 2001 23

culture of violence 2001 207–8

drug violence, Latin America 2012 29

exporters 2006 72

Georgia 2003 196, 200–1

Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83

lethality 2001 212

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 279, 283–4

military procurement 2006 8, 12, 13, 18

most popular 2001 18, 20

parts 2012 243–4

post-conflict violence 2005 274

prices, Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72

production 2004 8

Canada 2001 27

Chile 2001 30

global production 2001 62, 63

licensed and unlicensed 2007 8, 18, 20, 21–3

major producers 2004 27

manufacturing sectors 2005 50, 51, 55–7

most popular military weapons 2004 28–9, 30, 34

rifling 2001 212

Somaliland 2012 149, 152

South America, illicit weapons 2006 84, 86

stockpiles, Republic of the Congo 2003 267–8

technological developments 2003 22, 24

United States ban 2005 50, 75

Yemen 2003 172

see also AK series; FN FAL; M16

Assault Weapons Ban (AWB) (United States) 2012 57

Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of Africa

(SALIGRAD) project 2002 243

assessment, weapons collection programmes 2002 311–15

assistance, international transfers 2009 9

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Centre for Combating Transnational Crime (ACTC) 2001 267


MANPADS controls 2005 128

member nations 2001 267

organized crime 2001 221

Regional Forum (ARF), attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15


ASTAR (Spain) 2001 32

Astra (Spain) 2001 21, 32, 2002 37–8

Astra-Uncetay y Cia (Spain) 2001 32

ASWJ see Ahlu Sunna wal Jama’a

AT-4 single-shot rockets

illicit, United States 2014 264–5

Iraq 2012 325

AT-7 anti-tank missiles, Somalia 2012 340

AT4 rocket launchers 2008 25, 2011 27

ATCA see United States, Alien Tort Claims Act

ATF see United States, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives; United States,

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

ATGWs see anti-tank guided weapons

ATK see Alliant Techsystems

Atlantic Firearms (United States), AK-47 prices 2007 260

ATO see Air Transport Office

ATT see Arms Trade Treaty

attacks


Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 278–82

attempted murder, Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 174

Attenuating Energy Projectile 2011 81, 89

attitudes

Kyrgyzstan 2004 318


to gun ownership 2013 38

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279–317

see also culture

attrition

data on 2007 43

insurgent small arms 2001 81


Atwood, David 2006 144

Aubeville militias (Republic of the Congo), holdings 2003 260

AUC see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

AUG, Steyr rifle 2011 77

AUG assault rifle

estimate of total production 2001 63

most popular assault rifles 2001 18, 20

production 2001 31, 2002 30

Australia

ammunition

procurement 2010 31

transfers, transparency 2010 11, 12

Bougainville 2004 295

civilian firearms 2007 47–8

control measures, impact of 2004 184–6, 2005 74–5

correlation of registered to unregistered firearms 2007 56

correlation to GDP 2007 58–9

destruction programmes 2007 64, 65

firearm homicides 2001 239

licences 2011 280, 282

patterns of 2007 64


rate of 2004 283

registration 2011 273

regulation 2011 266

self-defence use 2011 289–90

theft of 2008 63, 65


use regulation 2011 286

user regulation 2011 276


draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 214–15

impact on violence and crime 2004 184–6, 192

national control of civilian ownership 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6


UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11

costs of small arms violence 2006 194

disarmament 2009 166, 167–9

exports





irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105

list of importers 2005 107, 2006 76, 77

national reporting 2001 154, 2002 117, 120

transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013

182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134

value 2001 2004 103

value 2003 2006 68

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 240, 2009 168–9


and firearm ownership 1999 2001 203, 239

human development indicators 2001 233, 241

firearm restrictions 2013 37


illicit transfers from 2001 184

illicit transfers to 2004 285, 286

border seizures 2005 114, 115, 116

imports

ammunition 2009 16, 17

analysis of Pacific region 2004 280–1, 282

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 12, 2013 180


list of exporters 2005 103, 104, 105, 2006 69, 72, 73

military firearms 2002 116

military small arms and light weapons 2009 25

national reporting 2001 157

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 24

sporting shotguns 2009 19

from the United States 2000 2003 106

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 75

intimate partner violence 2013 28

legal transfers, classification of 2001 142

mass shootings 2011 266


police handguns 2011 74

policing 2004 218



armed 2011 115

personnel 2011 104

stockpile management 2011 121

production


licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18


manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 52, 61




military stockpiles 2006 43, 44, 46

thefts from 2002 259

state stockpiles 2004 284

stolen firearms 2004 61, 62, 63, 286

theft

of civilian weapons 2008 63, 65

from gun shops 2008 64

from military stockpiles 2002 259

of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 51, 52

violence and crime 2004 179, 295

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2009 166, 167–9

weapons reduction programmes 2003 280

collection and destruction programme 1997–1998 2002 73, 74

crime reduction 2002 283, 302

disarmament 2005 74–6

disposal programme 2002 311, 2004 57, 58

women and small arms control policies 2014 49


Australian Capital Territory (ACT) (Australia)

civilian firearms


user regulation 2011 276, 279

Australian Defence Industries (ADI) 2001 45, 2002 12, 45

licensed production 2007 11, 18

Austria

ammunition, transfers, transparency 2010 11

arms industry 2009 68

brokering 2004 156, 157, 161

civilian ownership

controls on 2002 264, 265


stockpiles 2001 85, 2003 64


end-user certification 2008 164–5, 171–3

export controls

enforcement 2009 86

licensing authorities 2009 88

licensing systems 2009 70, 73

re-export provisions 2009 83

transfer criteria 2009 92, 95, 96

exports

alleged arms embargo violations 2002 133

ammunition 2009 15



Comtrade data 2009 8, 10, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132

to Iran 2009 96

irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107

to Kazakhstan 2012 120, 121

list of importers 2005 107, 108, 109, 2006 75–8

military firearms 2001 147, 2009 38

national reporting 2001 149, 2002 117–18, 120

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 21, 40, 41, 42, 43

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 46

sporting rifles 2002 114

top exporters 2004 2007 74

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 94–7, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011

16, 2012 291, 292, 302, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134

to the United States 2003 103–4, 2004 124, 2009 21

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 101, 103

value 2002 2005 102

value 2003 2006 68

to Venezuela 2007 81

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 240

imports

list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 70, 71, 73

from the United States 2003 106

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 75


production

exports to the United States 1991-96 2001 27

global ranking of countries 2001 15, 16

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15



most important companies 2002 20, 21

most popular small arms 2001 18, 20

survey of producers 2001 31, 52, 2002 30–1, 57

transportation, customs regulations 2010 57

authorization documentation, brokers 2001 100

authorized transfers

accessories 2012 2, 5–7, 269–75

ammunition 2009 146, 2010 7–35, 2012 242, 251

definitions 2007 74, 2010 9, 2011 12, 2014 110


global estimates 2012 2, 5–7, 241–2, 251

light weapons 2011 4, 9–35, 2012 242, 251

parts 2012 2, 5–7, 251–61

small arms 2009 7–53, 2012 242, 251

trends 2000—2009 2012 2, 275–7

see also transfers

Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia) (AUC)

amnesty 2006 263

brokering 2004 164

command and control 2006 221

conflict sourcing 2005 161–3

conflict use of weapons 2005 194, 2006 226

criminalization 2010 271

demobilization 2012 22

firearms 2010 122

illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2006 85

insecurity 2006 217

stockpiles 2002 83, 2003 87, 2006 221

Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP) 2011 74

automatic grenade launchers 2008 24–5

automatic rifles

Burundi 2007 204

civilian ownership 2007 63–4

crime, Brazil 2001 23


exports, to Nepal 2003 113


police arming 2010 114

production, global 2001 62

stockpiles

Africa 2003 83

military 2006 37, 54, 55–6

police 2001 69–70, 2006 42–3

transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 61

Yemen 2003 175

see also AK series; assault rifles

Automatic Systems Scientific Research Institute (Georgia) 2003 48

availability


Africa 2003 86

armed conflict 2005 179, 180–1, 182–7, 200

Brazil 2007 233, 235, 245

Central African Republic 2005 304–13

demand for small arms 2006 144, 149, 150, 156

Georgia 2003 196–205, 207–10

human development effects 2003 125–59

Kyrgyzstan 2004 319


post-conflict 2005 274–5

Republic of the Congo 2003 258–69

urban armed violence 2007 161, 169, 181

weapons prices 2007 269–71

averting behaviour, costs of small arms violence 2006 192

AVPP see Armed Violence Prevention Programme

AVRP see armed violence reduction and prevention

Awakening Councils (Iraq), firearms 2010 122

awareness campaigns see public awareness

AWB see Assault Weapons Ban

Aweys, Sheikh Hassan Dahir 2007 93

Azerbaijan

displaced persons 2002 196


stockpiles 2004 54

B-10 recoilless rifles, Somalia 2012 342

B2 Group 2004 107

B-10 82 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4

Backer, Berit 2005 214

al-Badr, Muhammed 2003 170

Badr Organization, firearms 2010 122

BAE Systems (United Kingdom) 2001 33, 2002 12, 39–40

Baghdad (Iraq), urban political armed violence 2007 173

Bahamas




Bahrain

imports 2005 106, 2006 74

non-state actors, foreign government support for 2002 130

production 2002 19

stockpiles 2005 86, 88, 89



Bakara market (Mogadishu) 2013 254, 269

Bakaraaha Arms Market (Mogadishu) 2007 94

Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 249, 251, 2007 171, 2010 266, 2012 163

Bakri, Imad 2001 118, 119

Balawas 2005 308, 312

Balkans

effects of small arms 2001 200–1

illicit transfers 2001 176–7, 2003 71–2

survey of producers 2001 30, 36–8

weapons collection programmes 2002 290–1

ballistics 2001 212, 240, 2005 23

firearm identification 2012 25

Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) 2012 204

Bamako Declaration see Organization of African Unity

Bambou ammunition destruction site (Republic of the Congo) 2014 150, 163

banditry

Cameroon 2004 193, 194–5, 196

Chad 2005 317

Colombia 2006 217

Côte d’Ivoire 2011 208–9




Bangladesh

ammunition, production 2014 194

black market, transit countries 2002 143–5

effects of small arms violence 2004 191

exports

military firearms 2009 33, 35



illicit transfers from 2001 181–2, 2002 143–5

to NSAs 2002 129

imports 2006 69

mortars 2011 24–5

reusable rocket launchers 2011 29


prices



production 2001 16, 52, 2002 57

licensed 2007 15, 19

stockpiles 2002 102

transfers, to Côte d’Ivoire 2009 37

urban areas, slums 2007 169

Barbados




Barranquilla (Colombia), firearm-related deaths 2006 229

Barre, Mohamed Siad 2012 148, 150, 337

Barrett Firearms Manufacturing Inc. (United States) 2004 11, 27, 30, 2005 52

Barrett M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22

Barrick Gold 2011 142

Barrio Azteca gang (Texas) 2010 157, 161, 162

Barrio de Paz (Guayaquil, Ecuador) 2010 218–20, 223

basic needs

indicators 2002 159

long-term effects of insecurity 2002 171–3

Basij militia (Iran) 2010 264

Basque Homeland and Freedom see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna

Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (Special Police Operations Battalion) (BOPE) (Brazil)

2012 66–7, 70–1

BATF see Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

Batori Epszol (Hungary) 2001 37

battlefield seizures 2002 129, 138–9

Sudan and South Sudan 2014 237–8

Bayart, Jean-François 2004 193

bayonets 2004 107–8

Bazooka 2008 25

beanbags 2005 16

BED see Special Disarmament Brigades

Bédié, Henri Konan 2011 195, 196, 197

behaviour

norms 2003 220–1

problems, risk factors 2008 254

Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (PfA) 2014 35, 45–6

Beja Congress (South Sudan) 2007 320

Belarus



MANPADS 2008 101

exports 2001 148, 2009 8

classification 2004 108

government reporting 2003 98



undocumented 2009 31

illicit transfers, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132


production



survey of producers 2001 30, 34, 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 48

Belfast Agreement (1998) 2003 72, 2007 44

Belfast (Northern Ireland), young men and small arms 2006 305

Belgium

ammunition

production 2014 187, 189–91, 194

transfers, transparency 2010 11

brokering 2001 106, 2004 156, 157, 159, 161, 164

crime, age and gender 2006 296–7

end-user certification 2008 165, 171–3

export controls

enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 79



pre-licensing requirements 2009 76


exports

ammunition 2006 67




to Colombia 2006 236

Comtrade data 2009 8, 10, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80


human rights 2004 125, 129, 130, 132

irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106


list of importers 2005 107, 108, 2006 75–8



national reporting 2001 147, 149, 2002 118, 120, 122

to Nepal 2003 113

non-military shotguns 2002 114

parts 2012 255

pistols and revolvers 2009 21, 42, 43

share of total 2001 144

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 45



tracing 2014 223

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15,

16, 19, 2012 292, 298, 302, 305, 2013 182, 2014 129



value 2000 2003 103, 104

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 103

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 102

value 2003 2006 65, 68–9


French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 48–9, 62

illicit transfers from, alleged arms embargo violations 2002 132, 133

imports





parts 2012 256

pistols and revolvers 2009 22

shotgun shells 2010 25


from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120–1

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 75

International Tracing Instrument 2006 99



production

ammunition 2005 14

exports to the United States 2001 27



licensed 2007 15, 16, 19, 29


MANPADS 2004 81


most important companies 2002 20, 21, 2003 15

most popular small arms 2001 18, 19, 20

survey of producers 2001 31, 52, 2002 31, 57

Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19

stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 85, 239, 2003 64



police 2001 69, 70, 2005 78, 2006 40

transportation

customs regulations 2010 57

licensing 2010 53



Belgium, John 2007 324

Belize

brokers 2001 105

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280, 282


storage requirements 2011 293


user regulation 2011 276, 277, 279

control measures

Inter-American Convention 2001 256


DDR and weapons reduction 2005 290

gangs

gun ownership 2010 112, 113

membership 2010 106, 107


police, shootings by 2004 234

Beltrame, José 2012 66, 67

Benelli Armi (Italy) 2001 32, 2002 36

Benin 2004 113, 152

Beretta ARX160 2012 246

Beretta (Italy)

acquisitions 1995–1999 2002 12

company profile 2000 2002 36–7

exports, government data 2001 150


illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23

licensed production 2001 30, 2002 45, 2007 10, 30

M-9 pistols, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13

major producers by weapon type 2004 27


most important companies 2003 15

most popular handguns 2001 18, 20

sub-machine guns 2004 31


Beretta pistols

transfer of parts 2012 257


Beretta US Corporation (United States)

company profile 2000 2002 29, 37

financial indicators 1998–2000 2002 28

illicit weapons, seized in Brazil 2001 23

licensed production 2001 30, 2007 10

M-9 pistol, production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13


survey of producers 2001 26, 32

Berisha, Sali 2001 200

Berlin (Germany), Turkish gangs 2010 233

Berman, Eric 2002 289–90

Bernstrup, Tobias 2005 146

Bersa S.A. (Argentina) 2001 28, 2004 20, 123, 2005 54

besa (solidarity or trust) 2005 208, 211–12, 216–17, 219–20

Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy (BMP) 2012 205–6,

211

Bester, Willie 2005 147

Bevan, James 2014 221

BGF see Black Guerilla Family

Bharat Dynamics (India) 2012 261

Bhutan 2002 147, 2005 104

Bhutto, Benazir 2013 230

Biafo Industries (Pakistan) 2013 236–7

BICC see Bonn International Center for Conversion

Bicesse Accords (1992) 2003 305, 2005 192

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS) see United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States

‘big men’, young men and small arms 2006 305, 316

bilateral agreements

humanitarian norms 2010 312


BILL ATGW 2011 30

BIMCO see Baltic and International Maritime Council

bin Laden, Osama 2009 288

illicit arms for Algeria 2001 171

Biting the Bullet (BtB) project 2004 2, 2007 129, 2008 128, 142

Consultative Group Process 2004 252

report 2003 2004 259–62

UN Small Arms Conference, marking and tracing 2002 247

Bizon-2 sub-machine gun 2002 25, 2007 24

Black Guerilla Family (BGF) (United States) 2010 160–1

black market

AK-47 2001 17

Albania, looted military weapons 1997 2001 200–1

Balkans 2001 176–7

brokers 2001 95, 97, 101–2

Central America 2001 188–9

characteristics of 2001 190

defining illicit transfers 2001 165–6, 167

definition 2001 141, 2007 74

destination countries 2002 141–2

Georgia 2003 204

marking 2002 244–5

prices

AK-47 rifles 2002 66–7

as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–6

M16 rifle 2002 66, 67

source countries 2002 141–2

Thailand 2002 109, 142–3

thefts from state arsenals 2002 137

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133

transit countries 2002 141–5

value and volume 2001 167–8

see also illicit transfers; smuggling; trafficking

Black Sea Arms Project 2003 32

Blackwater (now Xe Services) 2011 101, 108, 109, 121

Blanc International (United States) 2007 82

Bleach, Peter 2001 113

blood feuds, Kosovo 2005 211–12, 214, 216–17

Blood, Kakom Kouack 2014 164

blood money, Yemen 2003 181, 183–5

Bloomfield, Lincoln 2004 58

Blowpipe 2003 76, 2004 82, 84, 85

Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme (United States) 2008 129, 137, 170, 2014 125–6

Blue Nile (Sudan), non-state armed groups 2014 215

blunt object injuries, Burundi 2007 213, 214

BMP see Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy

BMS see United Nations, Biennial Meeting of States; United Nations, Biennial Meetings of

States

bodyguards, women 2014 75

BOF (Bangladesh), licensed production 2007 19

Bofors Carl Gustav (Sweden), licensed production 2007 18

Bogotá (Colombia)

control measures 2006 215, 230–3, 234

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 200, 202–7


ballistic identification 2012 25

types of weapons used 2012 29–30

firearm-related deaths 2006 229


violence, urban armed violence 2007 179, 183, 185

Boise, Idaho (United States), illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

Bokassa, Jean-Bédel 2005 303, 314, 315

Boko Haram (Nigeria) 2014 39

Bol Kong, Peter 2007 334, 335, 336

Bolaños, Enrique 2013 49

Bolide High Velocity Missile 2008 17

Bolivia

control measures

MERCOSUR 2001 258


destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101, 102


illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306


imports, military firearms 2002 116



pro-government armed groups 2010 266–7

production


survey of producers 2001 28, 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 21


surplus weapons 2008 84

Bolivian Liberation Front 2010 266–7

bolt-action rifles


see also single-shot rifles

Bolton, John 2002 218, 219, 224–5

Bombayeke, General 2005 312, 315

bombs see explosives

Bonn Agreement, Afghanistan 2009 292, 306

Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) 2002 243

Bonn-Berlin process 2004 270

Booza TV (South Africa) 2013 149

BOPE see Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais

Bor Dinka 2007 326

border controls, UN Programme of Action 2011 44–6, 58

border porousness, prices 2002 67, 2007 263, 264, 266–7, 271

border wars, Yemen 2003 170

border-control personnel, stockpiles 2006 43

Borsellino, Paolo 2013 75, 78

Bosnia


disarmament 2003 297, 299

exports, value 2001 148

illicit transfers from, to Azerbaijan 2001 180

peace agreements, disarmament 2003 286

sexual violence 2002 172

see also Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina

ammunition



conflict

deaths 2005 229, 234


sexual assault during 2001 213

DDR programmes 2009 184

destruction programmes 2007 84, 2008 97

MANPADS 2008 101


disarmament and weapons reduction programmes 2001 177, 2002 302, 2005 290, 292

as part of peace process 2003 281, 283, 286, 292, 293

diversion of arms from 2008 122

export controls, licensing authorities 2009 86

exports

to Iraq 2007 73, 84–5

irresponsible transfers from 2007 84–5, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106

tracing 2014 223

transparency 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15, 17, 2012 293, 300, 2013 181, 183,

2014 130

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134



surplus military weapons 2001 177

to West Africa 2003 119


alleged embargo violations 2002 132, 133

border seizures 2005 114

imports, from the United States 2001 154






personnel 2011 104

production


survey of producers 2001 36–7, 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 43

stockpiles

insurgents 2001 81

military 2002 77, 2006 44, 47

surplus weapons, transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79

weapons records 2009 128

see also Bosnia

Boston (United States), Gun Project 2006 148, 155, 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246

Botswana


regional norms 2003 239, 241

crime, carjackings 2007 172


firearm violence and crime 2004 193

imports




Bouenza (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8

Bougainville

ammunition


use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3


costs of firearm misuse 2004 5, 293–7

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290

disposal programmes 2004 277, 296–7

peace process 2003 280, 282, 288, 293, 302–3

illicit craft production 2003 35

leakage 2004 287, 288, 289

Bougainville Resistance Forces 2003 35

Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) 2003 35

Bourterse, Desi 2001 187–8

Bout, Viktor 2001 114, 119, 121–3, 2008 117, 120, 135, 2013 312

Bouteflika, President Abdelaziz 2007 77

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros 2012 283

global measures 2001 276

micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2008 8

peacekeeping and disarmament 2005 285

sovereignty 2002 177

Supplement to An Agenda for Peace, sanctions 2004 270

Bowao, Charles Zacharie 2014 160–1, 163

Bowling for Columbine 2005 21

Bozizé, General François 2005 303–9, 310–11, 315, 316, 320

BRA see Aceh, Badan Reintegrasi-Damai Aceh

Brahimi Report (2000) 2003 296, 311, 2005 285, 287

brain injuries, from IEDs 2013 225

Brasilia Declaration (2000) 2002 212

Bratton, William 2007 184

Brazil

ammunition

calibres 2008 45, 46

control measures 2005 22, 26, 27

diversions of 2007 289–90, 301–11


attitudes to gun ownership 2013 38



prohibited and restricted 2011 268, 269


user regulation 2011 276, 278–9

conflict, firearm homicides and suicides 2001 211

control measures 2012 24

ammunition 2005 22, 26, 27


civilian ownership 2002 268, 2004 43, 69–71, 72

gun buy-back programme 2006 141, 145, 157, 158


MERCOSUR 2001 258

NGOs 2002 243

norms 2003 234

Statute of Disarmament 2003 2005 27

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 241

UN Small Arms Conference 2002 228


crime 2006 83, 2007 241–2

ammunition 2007 289–90, 301–11

civilian ownership 2002 268



weapons used in 2001 22–3

demand for small arms

control measures 2006 141, 145, 157, 158

cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5

individual status 2006 152

personal security 2006 149

social and economic security 2006 152

disarmament 2009 162, 166, 169–71

diversion of firearms 2012 32

drug trade 2005 195

drug violence 2012 3–4, 64–72


export controls




transfer criteria 2009 91, 92

exports

1989–2000 2002 125

ammunition 2007 306, 308, 2009 15



to Colombia 2005 161, 163, 2006 236

Comtrade data 2009 8, 10, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80


government report 2001 149

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131

irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 107


list of importers 2005 107, 108, 109, 2006 75, 77, 78

national reporting 2002 124–5


pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 21, 28, 41, 42, 43

producer dependence on 2004 122–3



sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 45, 47



transparency 2004 116, 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 94–7, 2009 50, 2010 16,

2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

trends 2000 2003 114

to the United States 2001 27, 2009 21

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 102, 103

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 102

value 2003 2006 65, 68, 69

firearm femicides 2013 26

firearm homicides 2009 170–1, 2012 9, 13, 16


firearm homicides and suicides 2007 230–47

1997 2001 222

1998 2001 201, 208, 209, 240

conflict 2001 211

correlation to city size 2007 165–7

gun buy-back programmes 2006 141, 145


unemployment 2003 138


gang violence 2009 211

homicide rates 2012 15, 23–4

illicit arms trade 2012 30

illicit transfers from

to Colombia 2001 187–8

weapons produced under license 2007 30



from Paraguay 2001 186, 2005 26

imports


irresponsible transfers to 2007 98–9


from South Africa 2006 72

from the United States 2001 154, 2009 44

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106


intimate partner violence 2013 28, 29

MANPADS 2005 136–7

policing 2004 232, 233

urban armed violence 2007 184

prices

black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67

Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 274

prison gangs 2010 167–72

firearms 2010 173


abuses 2011 150


illicit arms possession 2011 119

personnel 2011 104

production

ammunition 2001 15

exports to the United States 2001 27



licensed 2002 45, 51, 2007 15, 18, 30



manufacturing sectors 2005 54, 55, 57, 61, 64



survey of producers 2001 28–30, 52, 2002 32, 57, 2004 11, 17, 18, 21–2

stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51

civilian holdings 2001 86, 2005 74, 2007 47–8


correlation to GDP 2007 57, 58

estimates based on GDP 2007 59

violence 2007 228, 233, 235

diversions from the military and police 2007 289–90, 301–11

illicit weapons 2001 22–3, 2004 52, 2006 84, 86

lethality 2004 53, 54

military 2005 77, 2006 48, 57

unregistered weapons 2004 52



costs of violence 2001 217

drug-related violence 2001 221



municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178

policing 2007 184

Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region 2007 169


weapons reduction programmes

buy-back programmes 2002–2005 2005 74

civilian firearms, destruction programmes 2007 64, 65

destruction ceremony in Rio de Janeiro 2001 2002 74, 279, 284, 302, 2003 60, 280

disposal method 2002 311

public perception 2005 75–6


young men and small arms 2006 296, 297, 304, 306, 313–14

Brazilian Army, diversions 2007 302–3, 308–10

Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)

conflict 1990s 2003 256–8

government stockpiles 2003 259–60

militia holdings 2003 260–2, 267

weapons transit hub 2014 153–4

see also Mpila ammunition depot explosions

Bredenkamp, John 2001 109

breech-loaders, Yemen 2003 173–4

Breivik, Anders 2013 220, 231, 239, 243

Bremen (Germany), gang violence 2010 136–7

Bremer, Paul 2004 44

bride price, Papua New Guinea 2006 180

British Aerospace 2002 49

British Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Britzke, Peter 2001 117

‘broken-window theory’ 2007 184

brokering

actors 2001 98–101

analysis 2001 4, 95–130, 2004 4, 141–71

arms transfers 2010 42

Brazil 2004 70

control measures 2002 236, 252–8, 271–2, 2009 141–2, 2010 44–6

Arms Trade Treaty 2014 91–2

licensing 2004 147, 149, 153–7, 161, 166

monitoring 2004 252–3, 256, 259

national regulations 2004 151–66

norms 2003 231

OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 212

regional control initiatives 2004 148–51

registration of 2001 126

Southern Africa 2001 262


UN Programme of Action 2002 226

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282

definitions of 2001 98, 2002 253, 2004 143

illicit transfers

alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 134

Cold War grey market 2001 169


to conflict zones 2005 159, 168

into the United States 2003 106


insurgency weapons 2001 78–9

irresponsible transfers 2007 73

low black-market prices 2002 68

networks 2001 105–6

non-state actors and conflict goods 2002 140

reporting on 2012 300

Republic of the Congo 2003 261

stockpiles 2001 65

security 2004 56

Thailand as a transit country 2002 143

transport agents 2001 110–23

UN group of governmental experts on 2007 126


Brown, Mark Malloch 2002 281

Browning 1903 pistol 2007 204

Browning Hi-Power 2002 45, 2004 34

Browning Inc (United States) 2002 31

Browning International (Belgium) 2002 31

Browning M2 heavy machine gun 2001 19–21, 26, 2002 84, 86, 2003 23, 2004 32, 34, 2008 21

licensed production 2007 18

Browning pistols, use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

Browning S.A. (Belgium) 2002 31

Browning Viana (Portugal) 2002 31

BRR see Aceh, Badan Rekonstruksi dan Rehabilitasi

Brügger and Thomet (Switzerland) 2002 39, 51

kinetic energy weapons 2011 81–2

Brunei



Brussels Region, exports 2006 69

BtB see Biting the Bullet

Buck Werke (Germany) 2001 32, 2002 12, 34

Buenos Aires (Argentina), urbanization 2007 168

Bujumbura (Burundi) 2007 197–221

Bulgaria

ammunition

production 2014 190–1, 194


brokering

controls 2002 257

extraterritorial jurisdiction 2004 159

licensing 2004 153, 154, 155, 156, 157

penalties 2004 161

reporting obligations 2004 160

demilitarization industry 2013 189, 200, 203, 204



diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122

EU membership 2008 104

export controls

end-user certification 2009 82

enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78

licensing authorities 2009 87, 88


re-export provisions 2009 83, 84


exports

to Africa 2001 170





to India 2003 112



to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 263

selected transfers 1999–2001 2002 147

shotgun shell parts 2010 26

tracing 2014 223

transparency 2004 117, 2006 65, 80, 81, 2007 74, 87, 89, 2009 50, 2010 13, 16, 2011

16, 2012 293, 2013 182, 2014 129

trends 2000 2003 108–9

to Uganda 2007 293, 294–5

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


unofficial information on 2001 158

value 2001 2004 103

value 2002 2005 100, 102

value 2003 2006 68, 69


alleged violations of arms embargoes 2002 132, 134, 136

to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182

MANPADS 2004 88

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 172

to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 134, 249, 2004 265, 269

MANPADS 2004 82, 88, 2005 130–6, 2007 21

NATO membership 2008 103



armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 104

production

AK series rifle 2001 17


licensed 2007 15, 17, 19, 21, 23–5


MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21



RPG-7 2004 36



unlicensed 2007 15, 17, 19, 21, 23–5

stockpiles

illicit arms 2005 114

military 2006 44

police 2006 40

security 2002 260


transfers, reporting of 2009 26

transportation


licensing 2010 51, 53


weapons reduction programmes 2003 61, 2004 58, 60, 2005 290

Bulgarian State Arsenals, unlicensed production 2007 23–5

bullet wounds, treatment of 2002 166

bullets

armour-piercing 2005 21–2

expanding 2005 22–3

lead-free 2005 17

M16 2002 165

marking 2005 28

new technology 2005 16

production 2005 13

regulation 2005 21–3

types 2005 10

see also ammunition

Burao (Somaliland)

armed violence 2012 159, 160, 162

security perceptions 2012 155–6

security providers 2012 163, 166

weapons holdings 2012 149–50

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) (United States) 2004 12, 119

ant trade into Mexico 2002 135

civilian holdings in the United States 2003 61

Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (1998) 2001 26

guns used in crimes 1999 2001 23–4

US exports 2001 152–4

US production 2000 2002 13–14

US production 2001 13–14

weapons prices 2007 260

burglary


see also theft

Burkina Faso



alleged arms embargo violations 2001 2002 132, 134

to armed groups in Côte d’Ivoire 2006 256

to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 132, 171, 172, 2004 132

to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 132, 2005 192

imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113

production 2001 16, 52, 2002 57

Burma see Myanmar

Burundi 2007 197–221

ammunition availability 2005 19

brokers, diamond trade conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108

civil war 2007 199–200

civilian ownership 2007 171, 172, 215–18

conflict


economic effects of 2001 231

internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196

sexual assault during 2001 213

conflict deaths 2001 210, 2005 252, 253, 258


DDR and weapons reduction 2005 289, 290, 2009 184


disarmament 2007 198, 199, 203–7

illicit transfers to 2007 74, 85–6

imports


value 2001 2004 109


post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123, 124

production, craft 2007 205

restructuring the army and police 2007 207

urban centres 2007 197–221

weapons diverted from South Africa 2008 196–7, 2009 109

Bush, George W. 2003 60, 97

bush knives, Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 172, 174

buy-back programmes

Australia 2002 267–8

Brazil 2006 141, 145, 157, 158

Haiti 2005 164, 288

history of weapons reduction programmes 2005 279

incentives 2002 306, 2005 280, 281



Nicaragua 2002 292–4

Papua New Guinea 2006 182–3


Serbia 2002 290

United Kingdom 2002 271

United States 2007 188

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3

Buye 2007 337

Buyoya, Pierre 2007 199, 202

C-7 assault rifle 2001 63

C-75 Special Forces rifles 2002 38

C-90 shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71

C2 Group of SALW 2004 107–8

Cabral, Sérgio 2012 65

CAC see community arms collection

caches

Cambodia 2006 124, 125

illicit weapons


Iraq 2012 317–29


Mozambique 2002 295

CAFF see children associated with fighting forces

Calderón, Felipe, and drug violence 2012 2, 17, 41, 46, 48, 54, 72

Cali (Colombia)






calibre 2005 11–12

military and civilian compatibility 2008 45–6


technological developments 2003 22, 23, 24

see also ammunition

California (United States)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 281, 282





ammunition availability 2005 18, 19

conflict deaths 2005 253, 258


crime 2003 138

culture of violence 2001 206

destruction programmes 2002 296, 2006 119, 123–5, 2007 65

MANPADS 2008 101

surplus weapons 2008 96, 97, 98


disarmament and weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 296, 302, 2003 280, 292, 299,

310

EU Joint Action 1998 2001 271

gangs, suppression 2010 245



MANPADS 2004 89

to Myanmar 2004 131



MANPADS 2004 88

Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3, 2004 88

Khmer Rouge autonomy 2009 233, 236

military procurement 2006 16, 30


death and injury rates 2002 163, 2005 271–2

prices



production


survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57

stockpiles 2004 56


military 2006 44, 51


security 2002 259

surplus weapons, flow to other countries 2002 99

Cambodian People’s Armed Forces (CPAF) 2006 120, 125, 126

Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) 2006 120–2

Cameroon

firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 194–5, 196



privatized security 2003 140

production



Camorra

firearms 2013 89, 90–1, 92–3

homicides 2013 75, 83, 84, 86, 94, 95, 96

structure 2013 79–80

Canada


Arms Trade Treaty, brokering controls 2014 92

Braidwood Commission 2011 92–3

civilian firearms 2013 30, 31

licences 2011 280, 281, 282


registration 2011 273, 274

regulation 2011 266

self-defence use 2011 289



use regulation 2011 285, 286

user regulation 2011 276, 277–8, 278

control measures

brokering 2002 255

civilian ownership 2002 86, 265, 268–9

draft ASEAN declaration on small arms 2002 215

impact on crime and violence 2004 192

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 268–9



registration of civilian firearms 2004 43, 68–9


UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 222, 223

customs regulations 2010 56–7

demilitarization 2013 195, 207

Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), ‘Human Security-Cities:

Freedom from Fear in Urban Spaces’ 2007 180



export controls 2009 67

exceptions 2009 78, 79





exports




Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274






military firearms 2001 146, 147, 2002 115, 116, 2009 36



non-military pistols and revolvers 2002 114

parts 2012 259–60

pistols and revolvers 2001 147, 2009 20, 21, 42

small arms as percentage of total arms 2001 144



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 15, 2011 16, 2012

292, 302, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


value 2001 2004 101, 104

value 2002 2005 103

value 2003 2006 69

firearm homicides and suicides

1998 2001 209, 240

and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 239




lethality of firearms 2004 187

theft of firearms 2004 62

firearm legislation 2013 35



homicide-suicides 2013 27


border seizures 2005 114–15, 116


imports


Comtrade data 2009 8, 12, 2013 180

list of exporters 2005 104, 105, 2006 69, 70, 71, 73

parts 2012 256, 261

pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 22

recoilless guns 2011 27


single-shot disposable systems 2011 28



trends 2000 2003 107–8

from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120, 121

value 2001 2004 100, 108, 109

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 75

intimate partner violence 2013 20, 24, 25, 27


military procurement 2006 10–11, 13, 15, 16, 30


production


illicit 2001 45

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18




survey of producers 2001 25, 27, 52, 2002 57

small arms per person 2008 87, 88

state-to-state transfers 2008 166

stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 66–7, 85, 86–7, 213, 239, 2007 47–8



distribution of firearms 2001 66–7

lethality 2004 53

military 2001 73, 74, 76, 2002 75, 2005 77, 2006 44, 46, 53

weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 79

stolen firearms 2004 61, 62, 63

surplus weapons 2008 89, 2009 69

violence and crime

costs of 2001 216–17, 2006 196, 197–8, 201

International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179

theft of firearms 2004 62

weapons reduction programmes 2004 57, 58


Canadian Arsenals (Canada) 2002 45

Cape Town (South Africa)

victimization rates 2007 173

vigilantes 2007 183

Cape Verde 2004 113

firearms ownership 2007 172

MANPADS 2006 256

private security companies, public perception 2011 106

capture-recapture 2005 240

captured weapons

Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) 2006 282, 284–5, 287

Revolutionary United Front (Sierra Leone) 2006 255

CAR see Central African Republic

Caracas (Venezuela)

squatter settlements 2007 168

urban armed violence 2007 173, 186

carbines

Argentina 2001 29

Colombia 2006 231


production 2001 29, 2004 29–30

licensed and unlicensed 2007 18, 20, 21–3

South America, seizures 2006 86

US Army inventory 2001 2002 84

Yemen 2003 174

cargo restrictions, civil aviation 2010 59–60

Caribbean


firearm homicides 2004 175, 176, 177, 178, 199–200


homicide rates, trends 2012 14–15, 16, 19–20

stockpiles 2004 50



see also Latin America and the Caribbean

Carisma (Community Alliance for Renewal) (UK) 2008 234

carjackings, Africa 2007 171, 172

Carl Gustaf recoilless rifles 2004 33, 35, 2008 23, 2011 26–7

parts 2012 260

Somalia 2012 342

thermal sights 2012 273, 275

Carl Gustav anti-tank ammunition, unauthorized retransfers 2014 118, 127

Carl Walther (Germany) 2002 12, 34

Carmel, Stephen M. 2012 196

carrying licences 2004 186




cartelitos, Nicaragua 2013 51–2, 57–8, 61

cartridges, small-calibre, transfers 2010 18, 21–4

CASA see Coordinating Action on Small Arms

Casamance Movement (Senegal) 2003 82

cascading norms 2003 222

cascading weapons

Cold War 2001 168–9

licensing agreements 2007 30, 31

military procurement 2006 25–6

prices of weapons 2007 258

CASE see Community Action Towards a Safer Environment

caseless rounds 2003 25, 2005 16

Cassese, Antonio 2004 181

caste system, domestic violence, Nepal 2014 23

Castelo (Brazil) 2001 23

Castro, Jaime 2006 230

casualties

Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164

humanitarian law 2001 223–4, 2002 179

new wars 2002 175–6

post-conflict 2005 268–9, 271–4, 275

type of weapons used 2005 182–7

see also civilian casualties; conflict deaths

‘casualty agnosticism’ 2005 234

categories of weapons 2004 118

Caton, Steven 2003 182

cattle rustling

East Africa 2013 120, 121, 122

effects of small arms misuse 2003 143, 147

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2001 262


Madagascar 2011 182–4

South Sudan 2007 289, 327, 334, 337–8

Uganda 2002 291, 2006 288

CAVIM (Venezuela) 2002 45

CBC see Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos

CCM see Convention on Cluster Munitions

CCW see Certain Conventional Weapons

CDC see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDF see Civil Defence Force

CDS see Comité de suivi

ceasefires


immunization 2002 170

CECORE see Center for Conflict Resolution

CECOS see Centre de Commandement des Opérations de Sécurité

CEDAW see United Nations (UN), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination against Women

CEE see Central and Eastern Europe

Čekuolis, Dalius 2009 137, 139–40

Cele, Bheki 2013 143

celebratory fire

cause of injury 2012 86

Kosovo 2005 214, 220, 272

Morocco 2005 86, 87

Cenrex (Poland) 2004 163

Center for Conflict Resolution (CECORE) 2005 198

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (United States) 2005 242

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 208

Centrafrican Airlines 2008 117

Central African Republic (CAR) 2005 303–27

ammunition availability 2005 9, 18–19


armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 320

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 283, 293, 304, 2005 284, 290, 2009 184

firearm violence and crime 2004 194, 195

heads of state 2005 303

illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132



peace operations, disarmament 2003 293




stockpiles

military 2005 77, 2006 44, 51

police 2006 40


Central America


conflict, economic effects of 2001 232


OAS firearms instruments 2001 256–7

disarmament and weapons collection 2002 292, 2003 292

gangs 2008 290, 2010 138, 2012 63–4, 2013 47

homicide rates, trends 2012 14–15


Northern Triangle

drug violence 2012 60–4

firearm homicides 2012 17–18

Mexican drug cartels 2012 3–4, 61–2, 63–4



private security companies, regulation 2011 150–1

production

distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 14, 2004 10





value 2000 2003 101

violence, urban armed violence 2007 170–1

Central Asia


insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79

stockpiles 2002 102

transfers 2003 100, 111–12

Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

civilian gun ownership 2003 69



transfers 2003 97, 108

Central Europe



violence and crime 2004 176, 178, 179, 200

see also Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

Central Firearms Register (CFR) (South Africa) 2013 141–2

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (United States)

brokers 2001 101, 103

illicit transfers from 2001 169, 180–1

to Somalia 2007 93–4

Central Scientific Research Institute of Precision Construction (Russian Federation) 2001 33

Centre de Commandement des Opérations de Sécurité (CECOS) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 198–9,

200, 211

Centre des Blessés Légers (CBL) (Bujumbura, Burundi) 2007 210, 212–14

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 2004 259

Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation 2013 149

Centro de Prevención de la Violencia (Centre for the Prevention of Violence) (Nicaragua) 2013

57

ceremonial rifles, police in Belgium 2001 69, 70

Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) Treaty (1980) 2001 280

Ceska Zbrojovka (Czech Republic) 2003 40

Cetme assault rifle 2002 38

CFR see Central Firearms Register

CGP see Small Arms Consultative Group Process

Chabal, Patrick 2004 193

Chad

armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317

conflict, percentage of population killed in 2001 210

Darfur conflict 2007 320





to CAR 2005 313, 315–17

to Egypt 2001 171

to Sudan 2007 92

illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 170



chain of accountability, illicit transfers, brokers 2001 106–7

Challenger Ammunition (Canada) 2001 27

Channel Islands, arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5

Chávez, Hugo 2007 30, 80–1, 186

Chechen rebels, guided light weapons holdings 2008 33

Chechnya



firearm-related deaths and injuries 2002 164


from Georgia 2003 205


imports


value 2001 2004 109

MANPADS 2004 90, 92

stockpiles

insurgents 2001 179, 2002 82, 88, 90


checkpoints, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180

Chevron Nigeria Ltd 2011 148

Chicago Area Project 2010 238, 244

Chicago Convention see Convention on International Civil Aviation

Chicago School, gang research 2010 233

Chihuahua (Mexico), homicide rate 2012 16–17

child mortality 2002 172–3


AK-47 2001 17

basic needs 2002 171–2

Burundi 2007 203–4

effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 146–7

girls 2010 195

Uganda 2014 74

global estimates 2002 64

impacts of violence 2009 196, 197

microeconomic effects 2001 229

see also children associated with fighting forces

children

definition 2009 194

demand for small arms 2006 143


firearm injuries, South Africa 2012 97–8

forced marriage 2014 18, 25–6

impacts of armed violence 2009 193–212

death and injury 2009 195–8

displacement 2009 201–3

education impacts 2009 203–5

health impacts 2009 205–7

indirect impacts 2009 199–207

parents killed or injured 2009 200–1

psychosocial trauma 2009 198–9

international protection measures 2009 207–9

policing 2004 236

post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11

protection against conflict 2010 309–10

rape 2014 16

UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 221

victimization, Turkey 2008 247

violence risk factors 2008 252–3

see also child soldiers; children associated with fighting forces; violence against women and

girls; youth

children associated with fighting forces (CAFF)

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 275, 277, 280–1

West Africa 2006 251, 266

Children’s Campaign against Gun Violence (Philadelphia, United States) 2007 185

Childsafe South Africa 2012 97

Chile

control measures

MERCOSUR 2001 258


drug trafficking 2006 85

exports


customs data 1999 2002 116–17

list of importers 2005 108


trends 2000 2003 114

firearm homicides 2003 138, 2012 9, 13, 16, 24


illicit transfers to 2001 185, 2006 83

imports


customs data 1999 2002 116–17

weapon sights 2012 269–71

irresponsible transfers from, to Brazil 2007 98



production


illicit craft production 2003 28–9

licensed 2007 15




survey of producers 2001 28, 30, 52, 2002 57, 2004 17, 18, 22–3

stockpiles 2004 51, 52, 53

civilian holdings 2001 84, 2003 28–9


seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 85, 86


Chin National Front (CNF) (Myanmar)

humanitarian commitments 2010 310, 316

weapon-related commitments 2010 317

China

ammunition, production 2014 189–96, 198, 199, 200–2

control measures




marking and tracing 2002 223, 226, 240–1



UN Firearms Protocol 2002 240–1

UN Programme of Action 2002 221, 223, 226, 240–1


diversion, weapons from 2008 121


export controls




transfer criteria 2009 91, 92, 95, 96

exports

to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118, 2014 192, 200–2

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 294–6, 297, 299


C2 Group 2004 108

to Central African Republic 2005 316

Comtrade data 2009 8, 10, 27, 2012 274


human rights 2004 126, 128, 130, 131, 133


list of importers 2005 108, 2006 77

military firearms 2001 146, 147, 2002 115, 116, 2009 33, 34

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23, 24

muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114

national reporting 2002 124, 2003 100–1

parts 2012 255


to Republic of the Congo 2003 261, 263

to Republic of the Congo 2014 156





to Sudan and South Sudan 2014 225–8, 237


transparency 2004 117, 2006 66, 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293,

2013 183, 2014 130


to the United States 2014 253, 261, 268

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 104

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 101, 103

value 2003 2006 65, 68, 69


to Zimbabwe 2009 96



to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108

to Iraq 2002 132, 2012 317

to Liberia 2005 168


to Rwanda 2002 132

to Sudanese Government 2001 174


to Yemen 2003 175

imports 2004 108

arms embargoes against 2002 133



light weapons ammunition, exports 2010 32

MANPADS 2004 88, 93, 94


police firearms 2011 77

policing 2004 220




armed 2011 114, 115

personnel 2011 104

production


ammunition 2001 15

company profiles 2002 22–3, 55

of copies 2001 12


heavy machine guns 2008 21

illegal 2002 96

licensed 2007 15, 16–17, 18, 19, 21


MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2007 21, 2011 33

manufacturing sectors 2005 49, 58, 59, 61

most important companies 2002 20, 21, 2003 14–15


RPG-7 manufacture 2004 36


survey of producers 2001 44–5, 52, 2002 22–3, 55, 57

transparency 2004 10

unlicensed 2007 16–17, 21


stockpiles 2002 94–7, 2005 79–82, 85

civilian holdings 2001 85, 86, 2002 96, 2007 47–9, 62

correlation to GDP 2007 57

registration data 2007 50

seizures of 2007 64

data on 2003 86


MANPADS 2004 83, 84

military 2002 94–5, 2006 56–7

losses from 2006 38

People’s War militaries 2002 77, 2006 48, 49, 52

police 2002 95, 2006 42

seizures of illegal firearms 2002 63, 96–7

transfers, undocumented 2009 31

transportation, record-keeping 2010 53

violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 184

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 297, 2004 58, 60, 2009 166

China North Industries Group Corporation see Norinco

China South Industries Group Corporation (CSG) (China) 2002 23

Chivers, C. J. 2014 182, 183, 201, 203

Choal, Doyak 2007 335

CHOUKA less-lethal projective launchers 2011 72, 81

Christian Council of Mozambique 2002 243, 294

Christianity, Brazil 2007 228, 233, 236, 245, 246

chronic traumatic encephalopathy 2013 225

CIA see Central Intelligence Agency

CICAD see Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission

CICF see United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention

CIFTA see Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms,

Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials

CIS see Commonwealth of Independent States

cities

conflict-resilient 2007 180

failed 2007 176–8

fragile 2007 176–8

see also urban areas

Citizen Security Committees (Honduras) 2001 257–8

Citizen Security Perception Survey (Nicaragua) 2013 49

city webs 2007 169

civil aviation

cargo restrictions 2010 59–60

customs clearance 2010 60

registration of aircraft 2010 60


safety and security measures 2010 61–2

civil conflict see civil wars; internal conflict

Civil Defence Force (CDF) (Sierra Leone) 2003 81, 82, 308, 2006 249

civil law, Yemen 2003 170

Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) (United States) 2004 91

civil society

control measures

African initiatives 2001 266


global 2001 277–8

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 265

International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 97, 98


norms 2003 222, 231



West African Moratorium 2001 260


monitoring 2004 257, 258–62, 271


weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 284

civil society experts, Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 140

civil unrest



civil wars

availability of weapons 2007 269–71, 281, 282, 283

Burundi 2007 197–221


definitions of armed conflict 2005 231

demand, prices 2007 264

disarmament 2003 277, 297, 298, 304

Georgia 2003 191–2, 195–6

land disputes 2013 109

Nepal 2003 113

prices of weapons 2007 257, 258, 264, 267, 269–71, 281, 282, 283

Sudan 2007 317, 318, 326, 2014 214–17



Yemen 2003 170–1, 175

see also internal conflicts; intra-state conflicts

civil-military relations (CMR) 2003 153

civilian casualties

Abkhazia 2003 208–9


disabilities 2002 164–5

effects of armed conflict 2001 210–11


humanitarian law 2001 223–4

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 219–20, 224–32

injuries and mortality 2002 163–6

injury to killed ratio 2002 161

lethality of firearms 2001 212

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273, 275, 276, 278–82

mortality and injuries 2002 163–6

strategic targets 2002 176

West African armed groups 2006 252, 257, 263, 265–6

civilian firearms 2001 83–9, 2007 39–66

Africa 2003 80–6, 2004 198, 2007 171, 172, 2011 264

approaches to regulation 2011 265–8

Argentina 2001 67, 87

Australia 2002 267–8, 2004 184–6, 283, 2005 74–5

Bangladesh 2002 102

Botswana 2007 172

Brazil 2001 86, 2004 52, 2005 74


firearm-related deaths 2007 233, 235, 245

violence 2007 228, 233, 235, 245

brokering 2004 155

Burundi 2007 171, 172, 215–18

Cambodia 2006 123–5, 130

Canada 2001 66–7, 85, 86–7, 213, 239, 2002 86

Cape Verde 2007 172

carrying in public 2011 293–6



changing patterns of ownership 2007 63–4

Chile 2003 28–9

China 2002 94–7, 2003 86, 2005 82

collection programmes 2009 161, 164–77

Colombia 2006 215, 219–21

conditions of possession 2011 290–6

control measures 2002 236, 2004 66–71, 2005 74–5


deterrence 2004 182–6

Ireland 2007 44

marking and tracing 2002 244, 2006 103

national controls 2002 263–71

Southern Africa 2003 239–42

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238, 241

UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 223–4


Yemen 2007 45

Czech Republic 2002 87

data on 2001 59, 2007 49–60

demand for small arms 2006 141–59, 148

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2007 171, 172

destruction programmes 2007 64–5

distribution 2001 65–8

diversions from legal to illicit trade 2002 129

East Africa 2003 84

estimates 2001 2002 74, 79–80

Europe 2003 57, 63–6, 70–2

France 2003 69–70

gangs 2010 144–5

gender 2001 213

gendered ownership and use 2013 29–31

Germany 2003 69–70

global 2002 103, 2007 39–40, 43

illegal 2001 59, 89


stockpile estimates 2001 65, 83–7

India 2002 101, 102

international regulation 2011 263–4

Iraq 2004 3, 44–50, 47, 2005 73, 90, 91

Ireland 2007 44

Israel 2003 77, 78

Jordan 2003 79

Kazakhstan 2012 107, 116–28

Kosovo gun culture 2005 206–7, 208–23

Kyrgyzstan 2004 312–14, 316

Latin America 2004 17, 50–4

Lebanon 2009 329–30, 331–2

Lesotho 2007 172

lethality of 2007 63–4

licence or permit to possess 2011 281

licences

penalties 2011 282

quantity restrictions 2011 281–2

types 2011 280–1

waiting periods 2011 282

local arms races 2007 61–2

mass shootings, regulatory responses 2011 266–7

methodology for estimating 2001 65

Middle East 2005 90–1

Morocco 2005 86, 87–8

Mozambique 2007 172

Namibia 2007 172

national regulation 2011 262, 268–74, 296

Nepal 2002 102

New Zealand 2001 66, 67

Nigeria 2007 172

norms 2003 231

Northeast Asia 2005 80, 85

ownership 2010 110–11, 114–15

Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 282–3, 286–7, 300–1

Pakistan 2002 100, 102, 2003 33


parallel permit 2011 281

permit to acquire 2011 281

permit to carry 2011 281

Philippines 2002 98–9, 2003 34–5, 2007 145

power 2007 48

production 2002 13–14, 15, 2004 13–14, 16–19, 22


manufacturing sectors 2005 45–56

sidearms 2004 28


professional use 2011 286

prohibited and restricted 2011 268–73

regional regulation 2011 264–5

registration 2011 273–4

regulation 2011 6, 261–96

reporting requirements 2011 290–1

Russia 2002 87

Russian exports 2003 110–11

safe storage 2011 291–3

self-defence 2004 174, 181, 198

South Africa 2003 30–1, 2005 75, 2007 172

South Sudan 2007 327, 329, 333–6

Sri Lanka 2002 102, 2004 59

stockpiles

definition 2008 45

diversion

high-order 2008 63–4

low-order 2008 62–3

South Africa 2008 187–9

types 2008 46

management and security 2002 258

securing 2008 64–7

supply from non-state armed groups, Sudan 2014 238

Swaziland 2007 172

Switzerland 2002 78, 2007 53, 54–5

Taiwan 2005 84

technology 2003 21

thefts from 2002 137–8, 2004 60–5

transfer of military firearms to 2007 60–1

transfer to combatants 2007 60–1

transfers 2002 113–15, 2003 102–3, 104, 105–6, 110–11



Turkey 2003 31–2

Uganda 2006 287–8, 2007 172

United Kingdom 2001 67–8, 87, 239, 2003 64, 2005 80

United States 2001 65–6, 2005 75, 2007 46–8

automatic rifles 2006 56


imports 2003 105–6

police owned 2001 70

September 11, 2001 2003 60, 61


unregistered, estimates of 2007 55–6

use regulation 2011 284–96

collection or museum 2011 286

genuine reason 2011 284–5

hunting 2011 285

performance or art 2011 286

profession 2011 286

self-defence 2011 286–90

users

age restrictions 2011 275–6

competency 2011 278–9

criminal record 2011 277–8

drug dependency and intoxication 2011 277

mental and physical health 2011 276–7

public interest 2011 278



weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 73, 74, 2004 57


operational assessment 2002 314–15

post-conflict 2002 292–5, 2005 280

weapons transferred from government stocks, marking 2002 246


Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 169, 177, 2007 45–6

Zambia 2007 172

civilian holdings see civilian firearms

civilian market, weapon sights, South America 2012 269–71

Civilian Marksmanship Program (United States) 2002 86, 2007 61

civilian service corps, post-conflict security 2009 233, 235–6

civilians

armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320, 333–6, 338


Geneva Conventions 2002 179

humanitarian and human rights law 2002 179–81, 2010 306–10

humanitarian impacts 2002 174–6

markets 2003 29

new wars 2002 174–6

post-conflict violence 2005 269, 271

and pro-government armed groups 2010 268–9

registration for firearm possession 2011 275–80

targeting by armed groups 2010 316–18

as targets 2005 20, 2013 230–2

see also civilian casualties

clashes, Colombia 2006 223–4

Claymore mines 2013 307–8

clientelism, Cambodia 2006 121–2, 132, 136

Clip-on Sniper Night Sight 2012 266

cluster munitions, demilitarization 2013 188, 194–5

CMR see civil-military relations

CNC see Computer Numeric Control (CNC)

CNDD-FDD see Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la

démocratie

CNDP see Congress for the Defence of the People

CNDRR see Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la

réintégration

CNF see Chin National Front

CNGN see Norinco

co-operative conflict 2002 175

co-ordination processes, disarmament 2003 306–8

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers 2002 64, 171, 2009 197, 2010 309, 313

COARM see European Union, Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports

Coast Guards, firearms stocks 2001 74

Cobras (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8

holdings 2003 260–2, 264–5, 267

cocaine

Brazil 2007 301, 304–5


gang use, Nicaragua 2013 50–1, 56–7

price correlation with violence 2012 48, 49, 50

route to US 2012 63

COCOS COmmando COntrol System 2012 268

Cocoyes (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8

holdings 2003 260–1, 264–5, 267–8

codes of conduct

exports 2002 182–3

norms 2003 223

regional norms 2003 236–7

Somali pirates 2012 202–3



Yemeni tribal structure 2003 169, 181

see also European Union (EU), Code of Conduct on Arms Exports

coercion using weapons

Cambodia 2006 130–1, 133

motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252

coercive controlling violence 2013 19, 22

coercive disarmament 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 167

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 182–3

COI see cost of illness

COIEDs see command-operated improvised explosive devices

COJEP see Congrès Panafricain des Jeunes et des Patriotes

cold war

data on small arms 2001 60

end of

arms brokering 2001 96–110

conflict sourcing 2005 162, 165, 166


ending of controls 2001 251–2

globalization of small arms 2001 199


new wars 2002 174

producers in central and eastern Europe 2003 36–7

surplus stocks 2001 76, 97–8, 2002 84–5

Georgia 2003 193

illicit transfers 2001 129


military stockpiles

Eastern Europe 2001 74–5

weapon-to-troop ratios 2002 75

production

central and eastern Europe 2003 36

patterns of 2001 12

supply, weapons prices 2007 268

Yemen 2003 175

see also post-cold war

USS Cole 2003 170

collective incentives, weapons collection 2002 306

Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 2012 122

Colombe operations (Republic of the Congo) 2003 257


armed groups 2006 215–17, 220–6, 233–4

amnesties for 2006 263


attacks on teachers 2009 204

black-market prices 2002 66, 67, 68

civilian firearms



conflict

arms sourcing to 2005 160, 161–3, 165, 172–3


deaths 2005 248, 249

diaspora resources 2005 187

incidents by municipality 2006 227

internally displaced persons 2002 160, 168, 196

new wars 2002 175

control measures 2006 141, 157, 158, 230–3


municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 181, 185, 188


DDR programmes 2006 233–4, 2009 181, 184, 187



costs of possession 2006 155

personal security 2006 149, 151

programmes targeting demand 2006 141, 157, 158

relative value of firearms 2006 154

diversion

weapons from Bulgaria and Romania 2008 122

weapons from Nicaragua 2008 121, 124

weapons from Peru 2008 113, 120, 123, 134, 136

drug trafficking

state response 2012 47

violence 2012 48, 49


exports 2001 148

transparency 2006 219, 2013 183, 2014 130


firearm homicides 2012 9, 13, 16, 20–1

reduction 2012 22


firearm homicides and suicides 2002 164, 2006 215–17, 227–33, 236–41

1998 2001 201, 209, 240



unemployment 2003 138

firearm legislation 2013 139

homicide rates 2012 15, 20–2

homicides 2009 228

illicit transfers to 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 163, 2006 83–4

from Brazil 2007 29–30

brokers 2001 106–7

Cold War 2001 168–9

Peru scandal 1999 2001 187–9, 2006 85

from Russian Federation 2001 178–9

seizures 2006 85, 86, 87

illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306

illicit weapons market 2012 31

imports



from the Czech Republic 2003 109

human rights 2004 128, 129–30


list of exporters 2005 104, 2006 69, 70, 72, 236



value 2001 2004 108, 109

value 2002 2005 102, 107

value 2003 2006 75

initmate partner violence 2013 33

Irish Republican Army 2003 285

MANPADS 2004 88

Medellín Plan Desarme 2008 292

multinational corporations, security 2011 147



prices 2002 65, 66, 67, 68, 70


prison gangs, firearms 2010 173


armed 2011 112, 113


personnel 2011 104

regulation 2011 151

training 2011 124

pro-government armed groups 2010 271

production 2006 217–21




conflict 2007 49

survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 23–4

stockpiles 2003 87

civilian holdings 2004 51, 2006 215, 219–20, 2007 47–8



distribution of firearms 2001 67, 2004 51

insurgents 2001 80, 2002 81, 82–3

lethality 2004 53

military 2006 219–20

police 2006 219–20

seizures of illicit weapons 2006 83–4, 86


unregistered guns 2004 52


Third Biennial Meeting of States (BMS3) 2009 137


unauthorized retransfers to 2014 118

violence and crime 2003 139, 2006 227–30

costs of 2001 217, 2006 190, 201, 202–7


drug trafficking 2001 178–9, 2006 83

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 181, 185, 188

reduction programme 2008 275, 292

risk factors 2008 249


weapon destruction programmes, civilian holdings 2007 65

women

conflict roles 2014 38, 39

guerillas 2014 67

see also Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia

colonial administrations, Yemen 2003 173–4

Colt revolvers, use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

Colt’s Manufacturing (United States)


exports to Nepal 2003 113

financial indicators 2002 21, 28

illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23


Saudi Arabia 2002 18


most popular hand guns 2001 20

safety features 2011 79

survey of producers 2001 26, 2003 15, 2004 11, 2005 56

Columbine High School 2005 21

Columbus, Ohio (United States), illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

Columbus Police Department (CPD) (United States), weapons seized 2014 247, 257–8, 262

Comando Vermelho (CV) gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 157, 167–70, 177, 2012 42, 44, 65

Comapaore, Blaise 2001 120–3

Combined Tactical Systems (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81

Comité de suivi (CDS) (Republic of the Congo) 2002 300–1, 2003 255, 269

command and control, armed groups 2005 190–1, 194–5, 196

Colombian armed groups 2006 221


West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 265–6

command-operated improvised explosive devices (COIEDs) 2013 221, 227

Commander Incentive Programme (Afghanistan) 2009 296

commercial explosives, source for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 235–7

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPJ) (ECOSOC) 2001 277

Commission nationale chargée de la démobilisation, de la réinsertion et de la réintégration

(CNDRR) (Burundi) 2007 203

Commission of Nobel Peace Laureates, Framework Convention on International Arms Transfer

2003 225

commodity traders

brokers 2001 107–8

supply networks 2001 116–23

transport agents 2001 112

commodity values, Republic of the Congo 2003 272

Common List of Military Equipment (EU) 2004 155

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Georgia 2003 202–3

illicit transfers from 2001 169, 175–6, 177–80

MANPADS 2005 128

production

ammunition 2005 14

distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 14

distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11



survey of producers 2001 30–1, 33–4

communal conflicts

Africa 2013 103, 118–23

decline 2003 63


Somaliland 2012 166–8

stockpiles 2001 78, 2003 57

communal institutions, disarmament 2003 312

communicative roles, deterrence in Yemen 2003 179

communism

Georgia 2003 195–6, 197

military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 50

Communist Party of Nepal

firearms 2010 122


community

domestic violence attitudes 2008 260–1


policing 2004 227–9

risk and resilience factors 2008 229–30

and violence 2008 228–36, 240, 256

violence reduction efforts 2008 234, 267, 287–8, 298

Yemen 2003 169–70, 178–86

Community Action Towards a Safer Environment (CASE) (South Africa) 2010 239

community arms collection (CAC) programmes, Sierra Leone 2002 290

community incentives, weapons collection 2002 306

community and informal justice, post-conflict 2009 228, 230

community militia, Afghanistan 2009 290–1

community participation


weapons collection 2002 299, 313

community security 2010 267, 2011 3


post-conflict security 2009 233, 238

community-based policing, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 184

Comoros, post-conflict 2009 226

Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos (CBC) (Brazil) 2007 303, 305–11

exports 2004 123


hunting rifles 2009 47

survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2002 32, 2004 21, 22

Companhia de Explosivos Valparaiba (Brazil) 2001 29

compensation

customary law in Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 182

disarmament, Solomon Islands 2003 303

Yemen 2003 181, 183–5

competency, civilian firearm users 2011 278–9

Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito (CQIE) (Chile) 2001 30

compliance-based approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 183–5

components, manufacturing sectors 2005 44, 45, 46–7, 49–51, 58–62, 63, 64

Comprehensive Peace Agreement 2005 (CPA) (Sudan) 2007 317–20, 321–2, 327, 331–3, 2010

277, 279–80, 292–6

Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machines 2005 49, 54

computerization, record-keeping 2012 228

Comtech Mobile Data Corporation 2008 132

Comtrade see United Nations, Commodity Trade Statistics Database

Condor (Brazil) 2001 29

less-lethal grenades 2011 93

Conference on Disarmament 2014 99

confidence, weapons collection 2002 304

confidentiality, weapons tracing 2012 231

confiscated weapons

destruction, Cambodia 2006 124

marking and tracing of 2006 107

Philippines 2007 145

thefts from stores of, Chile 2006 85

confiscation programmes

Cambodia 2002 296

China 2002 297

disposal of weapons 2002 310–11

Pakistan, 2000–2001 2002 100

conflict

Afghanistan, stockpiles 2003 73–6

ammunition availability 2005 18–20, 30, 31

arms sourcing 2005 159–73

battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9

Bougainville 2004 293–7

brokers 2004 142

Burundi 2007 197–221


child health impacts 2009 205

civilian casualties 2001 210–11

Colombia 2006 216–17, 219, 222–7, 234

consequences of 2005 231

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 192, 193, 194, 195

definitions 2001 210, 2005 230–2, 2012 315

demand for small arms 2006 143, 145–8

developing countries 2003 126–8

disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162

disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6

distinguishing from post-conflict 2005 269–71

economic effects 2001 229–32, 2002 174–5

effect on prices 2002 67–8


Fiji 2004 290–2

gender of victims 2001 213

Georgia 2003 191–6, 205–7

gun culture 2005 205–23, 2007 40

human rights law 2002 164, 179

humanitarian impacts 2001 222–9, 2002 160–92

humanitarian law, enforcement 2002 180



importers 2006 74


insurgent stockpiles 2002 80–3

internal, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6

internal displacement 2001 224–5, 2002 167–70

International Institute for Strategic Studies Armed Conflict Database 2007 76

Iraq 2004 44–50

irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 75–81, 98–107

link to crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7


medical services 2002 166


new humanitarianism 2002 184–6

new wars 2002 173–6

ongoing in 2004 2005 271

Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 290–6

parties 2005 231


post-conflict police reforms 2004 240–1

prevention 2003 150–1

purpose of 2002 175, 2005 231


risk of, prices 2007 265, 269–72


Somalia 2012 337–8

South Sudan 2007 317–44

stockpiles 2003 57

tracing 2006 95, 105, 111

urban political armed violence 2007 173

urbanization and crime 2007 164

variations in the use of small arms 2005 179–200

West African armed groups 2006 247–67

women’s roles 2014 2, 38–40

Yemen 2003 170–1, 175

see also armed conflict; casualties; civil wars; civilian casualties; conflict deaths; internal

conflict; intra-state conflict; post-conflict; war zones

conflict deaths 2002 160–7, 2005 229–59

Abkhazia 2003 208–9


children and youth 2009 195–8

Colombia 2006 215

datasets 2005 238–9

death-injury ratio 2002 162

effects 2001 210–12

estimates 2001 210–12, 2004 175

estimation techniques 2005 239–41

global deaths 2002 157, 160–1

media reports 2005 235–8

mortality data 2002 162

official reports 2005 233–5

post-conflict zones 2005 268–9

role of small arms 2005 248–51


Southern Lebanon 2009 325

underreporting 2005 241–8

see also direct conflict deaths; indirect conflict deaths

conflict goods 2002 139–41, 142, 174, 175

conflict resolution




Yemen 2003 182–5

conflict tracing

marking 2006 95

weapon identification 2009 109–22

conflict trade 2002 139–41

conflict weapons

crime in Africa 2004 194–6

Iraq 2004 3, 43, 44–50, 54, 71–2

Kosovo 2004 197

Pacific 2004 289, 290–6

Sri Lanka 2004 59

conflict zones, ammunition profiling 2014 180–208

conflict-resilient cities 2007 180

Congo see Congo-Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Republic of the Congo; Zaire

Congo-Brazzaville

conflict


death and injury rates 2002 163, 164, 2005 252, 253, 258


new wars 2002 175

percentage of population killed in 2001 210

exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 99



imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 100

UNITA 2005 192

see also Republic of the Congo

Congolese Rally for Democracy–Goma (RCD–Goma), firearms 2010 122

Congo River 2003 270–1

Congrès Panafricain des Jeunes et des Patriotes (Pan-African Congress of Young Patriots,

COJEP) 2011 214

Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP) (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 2013 117

Connecticut Spring & Stamping Corporation (United States) 2012 253

Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie (CNDD) (Burundi) 2007 203, 204

Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la démocratie

(CNDD-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 197, 199, 203


ex-combatants 2007 218

militias 2007 202, 206

restructuring of the army 2007 207

consensual disarmament 2003 298–300

Consent-to-Search programme (United States) 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283

consignee, definition 2009 64

Consolidated Appropriations Act (2004) (United States) 2004 12

Constabulary military doctrine 2006 45, 50–1

constituency building, NGOs and control 2002 242

consumerist militarism, culture of violence 2001 205

Contact-Memory Buttons 2002 261

Container Security Initiative (US Customs Service) 2003 107

containment

fragmentation of public space 2007 175–8


Conté, President Lansana 2006 252

Continental Aviation Company 2001 172

contingent valuation (CV) surveys 2003 133, 135

Contra war (Nicaragua) 2013 48

weapons 2013 60–1, 63

Contras, illicit transfers to 2002 129

Control Arms Campaign 2004 1, 2006 97, 2007 129, 2014 78

control measures 2001 251–83, 2002 235–72

accessibility thesis 2001 202, 2004 182–6

air cargo companies 2001 112–14

ammunition 2005 9, 10, 20–31

Argentina 2004 18–19


Australia 2004 67, 184–6, 192, 301, 302, 303

Brazil 2003 87, 2006 141, 145, 157

brokering 2001 96, 2002 236, 252–8, 271–2, 2004 141–66

2001 update 2001 4, 103–5, 123–9, 130

loop-holes 2001 103–5


norms 2003 231


regional control initiatives 2004 148–51





Cambodia 2006 119, 123–30, 134, 136

Canada 2004 43, 68–9, 192, 2006 197–8


civilian ownership


Germany 2007 51

Ireland 2007 44

national control of 2002 222–5, 263–71

national firearms controls 2002 263–71, 2003 239–43

patterns of 2007 63


Yemen 2007 45

Colombia 2006 141, 157, 158, 215–16, 219, 230–5

crime control 2001 219–22

demand for small arms 2006 141–3, 145, 148, 150, 158

prices 2007 264, 281, 282




effectiveness of legislation 2004 182, 186

end-use assurances 2002 248–52

estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6

exports 2004 144, 155, 158

accountability 2002 248


of firepower 2005 184–5

harmonization 2002 236


illicit transfers, ‘ant trade’ 2001 168

impact of 2004 184–6



International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114


MANPADS 2004 90–4



municipal violence prevention programmes 2007 178–88

national action plans (NAPs) 2014 46–54

NGOs 2002 242–3

norms 2003 230–3

Pacific 2004 300–3

Pakistan 2002 100


peace process 2003 278

prices 2007 257, 263, 264, 265, 266–7, 271, 281, 282

production 2001 7–8, 12, 2003 33

licensed and unlicensed 2007 23–32

social, Yemen 2003 169–70


Southern Africa 2001 261–2, 2003 239–43

stockpile management 2002 258–61


tracing 2002 243–8, 2006 95–114

transfers

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 122–4

international 2007 117–38, 122–4, 128–37

irresponsible 2007 73

licensing agreements 2007 26–31

transport agents 2001 103–4, 123–9, 130



United Kingdom 2004 67, 188–9, 192


violence and crime 2004 182–6

weapons management within armed groups 2006 257

Yemen 2003 169–70, 181–3, 183–7, 185–7


see also Arms Trade Treaty; international control measures; national control measures;

regional control measures

Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition,

Explosives, and Other Related Materials (CIFTA) 2009 62, 63

Convention of Belém do Pará see Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment,

and Eradication of Violence against Women

Convention on Civil Aviation 2014 91

Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) 2013 188, 194–5

Convention Concerning International Carriage by Rail 2014 91

Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) (1944) 2010 59–60

Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (1991) 2002 245, 2013 233

Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence

2013 35

Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of

Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction (Ottawa Convention) (1997) 2002 179,

205, 2004 261, 2008 9, 94–5, 2010 309, 312

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) (1989) 2009 193, 208, 209

Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) 2009 197, 209

Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty 2004 78, 2008 92

conventional arms, Arms Trade Treaty 2014 80–2

Cook Islands

civilian holdings 2004 283, 302

illicit weapons and trade 2004 285

stockpiles 2003 89


Coordinating Action on Small Arms (CASA) 2003 152

coping strategies, demand for small arms 2006 143

corporate accountability, stockpiles 2003 58

corporate complicity 2011 152–3

corporate social responsibility


multinational corporations 2011 139–41, 151–3

Correlates of War Project (CoW) 2005 231, 238

corruption

Cambodia 2006 132–3, 135


policing 2004 196, 233, 2006 148, 151


thefts from state arsenals 2002 137–8

Uganda 2006 288

West African armed groups 2006 255, 259

Cosa Nostra

firearms 2013 88–9, 90, 91–2

homicides 2013 83, 88, 94, 95–6

structure 2013 78

cost of illness (COI) method 2003 132–3

cost-benefit analysis, disarmament programmes 2003 132–3, 135

Costa Rica

control measures

Arias Code of Conduct 2001 257

Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America 2001 257


transfers 2007 128


economic effects of conflict 2001 232

firearm homicides 2012 13, 16, 18–19

types of weapons used 2012 26, 28

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 233, 241

gangs




illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162

imports, from the United States 2000 2003 106





personnel 2011 104

costs

of availability of small arms, for aid agencies 2001 233–4

of control measures, Canada 2006 197–8

of small arms crime 2004 199

measuring 2004 191

Pacific region 2004 290–6

of small arms ownership, demand for small arms 2006 149, 150, 153–8

of small arms violence 2001 3, 4, 216, 2006 189–211

accounting framework 2003 132–3, 135

methods of calculating 2001 214

treatment of injuries 2001 216–17


weapons prices 2007 263, 265, 266–9

Côte d’Ivoire

ammunition

profiling 2014 182, 187–208

Sudanese 2014 202, 203–4

Ukrainian 2014 204

unmarked 2014 207

armed forces 2011 197–9

armed groups

craft production 2006 255

motivation for joining 2006 252

sources of weapons 2006 254, 255

stockpiles 2003 82

supply-side measures 2006 258

transfers to 2006 256

typology 2006 249

banditry 2011 208–9

child reintegration 2009 210

community security 2011 3, 211–12

comzones 2011 202–3, 211, 218–19

conflict 2011 193, 194–7



crime 2011 207–9

DDM programme 2011 213, 219

DDR programmes 2006 259, 262, 2009 184, 187, 2011 219

diversion of ammunition to Liberia 2008 121, 123, 126, 129, 134

domestic violence 2014 40

dozos (traditional hunters) 2011 3, 212

gendarmerie, weapons 2011 199, 200

gender-based violence 2011 209


to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 169

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 172, 2004 131

to UNITA in Angola 2002 132


violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5

imports 2003 118, 2004 109, 2006 70, 74


independence 2011 197

insecurity

concerns 2011 206–8

perceptions of 2011 207

types of 2011 208–11

international forces 2011 216

judicial system 2011 201, 203, 219–20

land conflict 2013 109

militias 2011 212–14


non-state armed groups

firearms 2010 122

stockpiles 2010 324

non-state security 2011 211–16

police, weapons 2011 199, 200

political history 2011 194–9

post-conflict outcome 2009 226

post-electoral crisis (2010) 2011 193, 221


prisons 2011 201


armed 2011 3, 215

personnel 2011 104

rebel forces 2011 193, 196–7, 202–4

weapons 2011 204


resource-based conflict 2011 209

security forces 2011 6

fragmentation 2011 199–201

perceptions of 2011 205–6

reform 2011 194, 216–20, 221

vectors of insecurity 2011 210–11

weapons 2011 200, 204

transfers, from Bangladesh 2009 37

violence linked to electoral process 2011 209–10

COUGAR less-lethal projective launchers 2011 72, 81

country-to-country transactions 2003 101

‘coup proofing’, Constabulary militaries 2006 50

covert transfers 2007 74, 76, 90–4

CoW see Correlates of War Project

CPA see Comprehensive Peace Agreement

CPAF see Cambodian People’s Armed Forces

CPD see Columbus Police Department

CPP see Cambodian People’s Party

CQ assault rifles, South Sudan 2014 226

CQIE see Complejo Quimico Industrial del Ejercito

craft production 2001 45–7, 2003 9–10, 26–36, 2007 43

Africa 2003 83, 86

ammunition 2005 10, 15–16, 18

Brazil 2001 23, 2003 29

Burundi 2007 204, 205

Chile 2003 28, 2006 85


Colombia 2004 24, 2005 161–2, 2006 223

definitions 2001 9, 2003 26, 59–60, 2004 8

Ecuador 2004 24

Ghana 2003 29–30, 2006 258


Kazakhstan 2012 122

Mali 2005 166

marking 2012 226


Pacific region 2003 35–6, 2004 277, 288

Pakistan 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 102, 296–7, 2003 9, 27, 32–3

Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 176, 177, 178

Philippines 2003 33–5, 2007 145

repairs and sporadic production sector 2005 46–9

South Africa 2001 22, 45–6, 2003 30–1, 31

Turkey 2003 31–2


craft-produced weapons

Mexico 2013 293, 311


Philippines 2013 306–7, 310–11

use in homicides, Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 25–6

CRC see Convention on the Rights of the Child

crime

accessibility thesis 2004 182–6

Africa 2004 192–9, 2007 171

armed gang membership, effects of small arms misuse 2003 146

armed groups

long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196

UNITA 2005 192

West African 2006 255

ASEAN initiatives 2001 267

Australia 2002 268

black market 2001 167

Brazil 2004 69–70, 2006 83, 2007 241–2, 289–90, 301–11

diversions of ammunition 2007 289–90, 301–11



urbanization 2007 241–2

weapons used in 2001 22–3

brokering penalties 2004 160–2

Burundi 2007 211–12

Cambodia 2006 125–30, 131–3, 136

Canada 2004 62, 68

cascaded military weapons 2002 175


Chile, illicit craft production 2003 28–9

Colombia 2006 217, 227–30, 234

conflict, weapons collection 2002 295–7

costs of violence 2001 4, 216



demand for small arms 2006 142–3, 148, 149–51

prices 2007 265

economic costs 2004 190

effects of firearms small arms availability 2001 200–8, 219–22, 2004 2, 4, 173–211

effects of small arms misuse 2001 214, 2003 131, 136–40

Europe

border seizures 2005 116


stockpiles 2003 63

unregistered guns 2003 71–2

Georgia 2003 202, 206–7, 208–9

Germany 2007 51

global norms 2003 229–30

Haiti 2011 231, 238–42

Honduras 2002 195


Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143

Latin America 2001 185, 2003 116–17

to Papua New Guinea 2001 184

imitation guns 2003 59

International Tracing Instrument 2006 103, 105

Interpol statistics 2003 158

Iraq 2004 44, 50

Ireland 2007 44

Kyrgyzstan 2004 315–16

Latin America and the Caribbean 2003 87, 2004 50, 52, 2006 83

linked to firearms, United States 2014 248–52


monitoring 2004 255

Morocco 2005 87

Nicaragua 2002 195

opportunity for gain from 2007 167, 169

Pacific 2004 295

Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 168–75, 184


illicit craft production 2003 34, 35

police criminality 2004 233

post-conflict 2002 292, 2005 271–4

preferred types of small arms 2001 22

prices 2002 68

risk of being caught 2007 167

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 192–3

South Africa 2004 63, 2008 183, 184–7, 191–2, 195

South Sudan 2007 317, 327–31

Sri Lanka 2004 59

stockpiles 2003 57


Taiwan 2005 84

Thailand 2004 71

theft of weapons from crime scenes 2006 39

Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31

Uganda 2006 288



United States 2001 23–4, 2003 18

access to firearms 2008 284–7

gun crime reduction 2008 287–8

urban violence 2007 161, 164–7, 169–73


using stolen firearms 2004 60–5

weapon tracing 2009 121

weapons collection programmes 2002 279, 304–5, 311, 2009 166

conflict 2002 295–7

crime prevention programmes 2002 282–3, 307–10, 2004 190


weapons-related, Kazakhstan 2012 126, 127

Yemen 2003 179–80, 187

young men and small arms 2006 296–7, 307

see also gangs; organized crime; policing; theft; violence

Crime Observatory (Jamaica) 2008 297

crime prevention councils 2007 182

crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228

criminal law, Yemen 2003 170

criminal records, civilian firearm users 2011 277–8

criminal violence, Somaliland 2012 159–66

criminalization, transportation 2010 54

Croatia

civilian firearms


licences 2011 280








conflict, homicide and suicides during 2001 211

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 97


exports




pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 21, 41, 42

tracing 2014 223

transparency 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 291, 292, 300, 2013

181, 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


unofficial information 2001 158

value 2003 2006 68, 70

value 2001 148




to the KLA 2004 133



brokers 2001 102


imports, grenade launchers 2011 26




armed 2011 112, 113

personnel 2011 104


production

of copies 2001 12


licensed 2007 15






unlicensed production 2007 15, 25

weapons collection and destruction programmes


Government peace-building 2001 2003 281, 2005 292

peace operations 2003 293

SEESAC 2002–2005 2005 290

UNTAES peace-building 1996–1998 2001 177, 2002 290, 302, 2003 280, 293



cross-border trade, between the DRC and the RoC 2003 270–2

Crossman Corp (United States) 2002 28

crowd control 2004 233–5, 312, 2011 87–9

CS (tear) gas, policing 2004 223, 235

CSG see China South Industries Group Corporation

CSTO see Collective Security Treaty Organization

CSW see United Nations (UN), Commission on the Status of Women

Cuba

control measures



firearm homicides 2012 9, 13, 16


homicides, proportion using firearms 2012 13

illicit transfers from, Cold War grey market 2001 169

military stockpiles 2001 72, 2002 77, 2006 48, 57


production



survey of producers 2001 25, 52, 2002 57

Cugir (Romania) 2003 46

culture


civilian ownership, national control of 2002 263

Colombia 2006 232



effects of small arms availability 2001 205–8

Europe 2003 63, 66–9

illicit craft production 2003 27, 32–5

Kosovo 2005 205–23

Kyrgyzstan 2004 318

Pacific 2003 88

Pakistan 2003 32–3



symbolism of firearms 2001 205


violence against women 2013 33–4


Yemen 2003 187

young men and small arms 2006 295, 302–10, 314–16

culture of violence


Kosovo 2005 205–23

microeconomics 2001 229–30

Cunningham, Charles 2004 70–1

Curbelo, Nelsa 2010 209, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223

Cure Violence model 2013 151

custodial authorities, military stockpiles 2006 58–60

customary law



Papua New Guinea 2006 179–80, 183

Yemen 2003 183–4

customs

ammunition data 2010 10

authorized arms transfers 2009 7

brokering 2001 126, 2004 146

civil aviation 2010 60

codes 2003 177

container freight 2003 107

data, limitations of 2008 28

discrepancies in data 2001 150–1, 153–4, 156

European Union 2003 104



international regulations 2010 54–5

methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144


seizures, South America 2006 83–4

transit trade 2003 104–5

US exports 2001 152–4

Yemen 2003 176–7, 183–4

customs data, weapon parts 2012 248

customs officers, stockpiles 2006 43

CV see Comando Vermelho; contingent valuation

Cyprus


exports






transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130


imports

ammunition 2009 17







value 2001 2004 100, 108, 109

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 106, 107

value 2003 2006 65, 74, 75



production




CZ (Czech Republic) 2001 21

CZ58 assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204

Czech Republic

ammunition

production 2014 190–1, 194


brokering 2004 153, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161





enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78





exports


to Uganda 2007 293


C2 Group 2004 108

to Colombia 2004 129, 130, 2005 161, 2006 236

Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274


human rights 2004 129, 130, 131, 132

to Indonesia 2004 130, 131



list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75–8



national reporting 2002 118, 120


to Pakistan 2004 131

parts 2012 255

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 147, 2009 20, 21, 41

to Russia 2004 132


to Sri Lanka 2003 112

tracing 2014 223

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16, 2012

292, 300, 303, 2013 182, 2014 129

trends 2000 2003 108, 109




value 2001 2004 101, 102, 104

value 2002 2005 102, 103

value 2003 2006 70

to Yemen 2003 176, 177


to Eritrea 2002 136

Georgia 2005 172


to Rwanda 2002 132


imports

list of exporters 2006 70

value 2001 2004 101

value 2002 2005 106, 107

value 2003 2006 75





production







most popular small arms in South Africa 2001 21


survey of producers 2001 35, 36, 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 39–41


stockpiles

civilian holdings 2002 79, 80, 87, 2003 65, 2007 50, 63

military 2006 44, 47, 50


transferred to Afghanistan and Iraq 2008 79

transportation, licensing 2010 52, 53

Dadaab refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9

Dade County (Florida) 2004 57

Daewoo Precision Industries (South Korea) 2002 45

dahalo, Madagascar 2011 181–4

Dakar (Senegal) 2004 193, 194

DALY see disability-adjusted life years

damage and loss assessment (DaLA) workshop, Mpila depot explosions 2014 157, 159, 164

damaged weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 12

Danao City (Philippines), craft production 2003 9, 34, 2007 145

Dandong Xunlei Technology Company (China) 2012 253

Danger Assessment 2013 38

Danish Demining Group (DDG), Somaliland 2010 320, 2012 150

Danuvia Gepipari Rt. (Hungary) 2001 37

DAOSAAF see Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy

Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), carjackings 2007 172

Darfur (Sudan)

arms embargo 2014 218

conflict deaths 2005 236–7, 247, 252, 253, 258

elections 2010 294


non-state armed groups 2014 215

violence in South Sudan 2007 317, 319–20

Darfur Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320, 2014 214

Darra Adam Khel (Pakistan), illicit craft production 2003 32–3

Darra (Pakistan), craft production 2002 139, 2003 9

data

collecting 2001 60–5

conflict deaths 2005 229–59, 241–8


human development 2003 130–1


legal transfers 2001 143–4

transfers 2003 98

Datamyne transfers 2012 269, 276

Datasus see Unified Database of the Ministry of Health

Davao City (Philippines), young men and small arms 2006 305

Davis Industries 2004 119

Dawood Gang (Mumbai) 2010 106, 107

Dayton Peace Agreement 1995 2003 286, 2005 217

DDG see Danish Demining Group

DDM see disarmament and dismantling of militias

DDR see disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration

De Beers Diamodel 2002 140

De Decker, Joe 2001 117, 2002 140

De Decker, Ronnie 2001 173

DEA (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 43

deactivated guns 2004 189

deactivation, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239

dealers

arms brokers’ services 2001 100

bartering with conflict goods 2002 140

definition 2001 98

distinction from brokers 2001 129


death squads, policing 2004 233

death-injury ratio 2002 162

deaths see conflict deaths; firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides

decommissioning, Northern Ireland 2002 292–3, 311, 2003 284–6

DECOSAC see Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control

Deed of Commitment for Adherence to a Total Ban on Anti-personnel Mines and for

Cooperation in Mine Action 2010 309, 312, 313

deep preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 147, 149–53

Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON)

licensed production 2002 45, 46–7, 2007 18


Defence Industries Organisation (DIO) (Iran) 2002 18, 51, 52, 53, 2014 195

defence industry

Croatia 2003 44–5

Czech Republic 2003 39–41

Hungary 2003 41–2

Poland 2003 42


Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7

Slovenia 2003 42–3, 46

Defence Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269

defence spending, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144–5

Defence Systems Limited (United Kingdom) 2001 109

Defense civile (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256

Defense Logistics Services 2007 82

Defense Technology Corporation (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81

Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (United States) 2005 74, 2014 167

Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System 2012 316

delinquency 2008 251–3

delivery verification (DV) certificate 2002 250, 251, 2009 64, 82

Dellamico, Mario 2001 188



military 2006 8–11, 141–59




prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 262–9, 271


Uganda 2006 287–8

weapons collection programmes that fuel demand 2002 306, 311

weapons reduction programmes that address demand 2002 280, 304–5, 2003 313

West African armed groups 2006 247, 258, 259–65

Yemen 2003 169, 177–86, 187


Demeter 2014 150, 163, 166

Demetriou, Spyros 2002 298

demilitarization, open burning and open detonation (OB/OD) 2013 188, 206–8

demilitarization industry

ammunition 2013 2, 4, 187–211

capabilities and capacities 2013 198–9

cluster munitions 2013 194–5

compliance and oversight 2013 201–3

contracts and tenders 2013 190–1

costs 2013 191–3, 209–10

environmental hazards 2013 204–5

industry actors 2013 188–90

market opportunities 2013 193–4


recovery, recycling, and reuse (R3) 2013 198, 208–10


safety 2013 203–4

transport controls 2013 200–1

demobilization


Burundi 2007 221


initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263

Switzerland, transfer of military firearms to civilian ownership 2007 54


see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR)

Demobilization and Reintegration (D&R) Commission (Afghanistan) 2009 292, 294

democracy



exports, control and accountability 2002 248

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 264, 266, 281, 282

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (formerly Zaire)


armed groups 2005 193, 195


brassage 2009 233

brokers, diamond trade 2001 108–9

child mortality 2002 173

conflict

conflict goods 2002 140–1

deaths 2005 230, 245–7, 252, 255, 258

effects on Horn of Africa region 2001 262

internally displaced persons 2001 224, 225, 2002 196


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 284, 298, 2005 280, 284, 290, 291, 2009 184, 187


exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263, 270–1

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 204–5, 2002 164

firearm ownership 2007 171, 172


to Rwanda 2002 132

to Sudan 2007 325

to UNITA in Angola 2001 119, 2002 132


arms embargoes against 2002 133

from the Republic of the Congo 2003 270–1

tracing weapons 2004 126

imports



value 2001 2004 109

land conflict 2013 103, 116, 117–18, 119, 123

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276, 282, 2010 288–9


mortality rates 2009 222, 223

non-state actors

firearms 2010 122, 124


post-conflict deaths 2005 268


post-conflict violence 2009 221–3


private security companies, training 2011 123

refugees in Burundi 2007 200–1, 202


stockpiles 2003 81



see also Zaire

demographics


firearm homicides

Brazil 2007 228, 233, 234




violent young men 2006 298–300

demonstrations, policing 2004 233–5, 312

Denel (South Africa) 2002 47–8, 2005 61

contracts 2010 29


Denham Springs, Louisiana (United States), illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

Denmark


civilian ownership 2001 239, 2002 87–8, 2003 64

exports


Comtrade data 2013 179–80


to Iraq 2006 74



transparency 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15, 16, 2012 289, 292, 298, 300, 305, 2013 181,

182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


firearm homicides and suicides 2001 203, 209, 239, 240

imports

ammunition 2009 17



value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 75




production


licensed 2007 15





Denver (United States), gang violence 2010 136–7

Departamento de Industrias Miltares (Mexico) 2001 27

Department for International Development (DFID) (United Kingdom), disarmament and

development 2003 154–5

derived preferences, demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 147, 149

Desert Storm, Operation (1990–1991), conflict deaths 2005 234–5

destination countries, black market 2002 141–2

Destruction Day 2002 281

destruction programmes 2002 7, 279–317

Balkans 2001 177

Bolivia 2008 102


Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 119, 123–5, 2007 65

China 2002 96

civilian holdings 2007 64–5

craft production in Burundi 2007 205

data on 2007 43

decision making 2008 98

disarmament comparison 2008 78

domestic 2008 96, 98

donors 2008 105–6

effect of war on terror 2003 60–2


European unregistered firearms 2003 70


impact on global stockpiles 2002 63, 73–4

incentives 2008 103–6


internationally sponsored 2008 96–8

Kazakhstan 2008 98–9

Kosovo 2002 291

Liberia 2002 290

MANPADS 2008 80, 99–102

military stockpiles 2002 85–6, 2006 39, 45

Montenegro 2008 95

Mozambique 2002 294



NGOs 2002 243


norms 2003 231

origins 2008 94–6

programmes 1989–2001 2002 302

and security sector reform 2008 104–5

Sierra Leone 2002 290

Southern Africa, regional norms 2003 243–7

surplus weapons 2007 64–5, 2008 78, 96–8, 106–7

Cambodia 2006 119, 124


Ukraine 2008 95


US military firearms 2002 85–6

weapons collection 2002 310

detainees, police executions 2004 230–2

deterrence

violence and crime 2004 182–6, 190

Yemen 2003 179

detonators, source for IEDs 2013 235–7

Detroit (United States), homicide rate 2007 165

Deuba, Sher Bahadur 2003 97

developed countries

homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9


developing countries

conflict 2003 126–8

firearm-related violence 2003 126–49

homicides and suicides using firearms 1998 2001 208–9


production trends 2001 12

small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34

urbanization 2007 162, 163, 167–8

development

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119, 125

Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 242, 245

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 309–10, 2005 276–7, 279, 284, 286, 287


effects of small arms 2001 229–34, 2003 125–59

firearm-related homicides 2001 232–3

Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 127

global norms 2003 228

historical record 2003 127

security 2003 150–1

security systems 2011 2

technology 2003 20–3


urbanization 2007 163, 164, 167–8

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 280, 299

development agencies


humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 159

violence in refugee camps 2002 169

Development Co-operation and Small Arms Control (DECOSAC) 2003 155

development for disarmament 2002 297–303, 2003 128

development programmes

Cambodia 2006 124


deteriorating security 2001 226



EU Development Council Resolution 2001 272

monitoring 2004 251–2

opportunity costs of small arms 2001 233–4

security of personnel 2002 186–92

weapons collection, Mali 2002 288

West Africa 2006 248, 264–5

young men and violence 2006 313–16

DFID see Department for International Development

DGFM see Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares

Dhaka (Bangladesh)

global cities 2007 163

slums 2007 168, 169


Dheere, Mohamed 2007 93

DIAG see Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups

dialogue and sensitization programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 236

Diamond, Larry 2005 275–6

diamonds

Angola 2001 117–19, 173, 2002 140

brokers 2001 107–9

conflict trade 2002 139–40, 142

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9

Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 171

diaspora assistance

conflict weapons 2005 186–7, 197

Kosovo 2005 215, 218–19

Díaz Sosa, David 2013 301

DICON see Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria

Didinga 2007 337, 338

Diehl, Alex 2014 145, 150

Diemaco (Canada) 2001 27, 2002 45


Diemaco C7 rifle 2006 10–11

Diemaco C8 carbine 2006 10–11

differentiated use of force 2004 220–4

DINDUSMIL (Paraguay) 2002 45

Dinka 2007 334, 337

DIO see Defence Industries Organisation

Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM) (Argentina) 2001 28, 29, 102, 2002 45


Dirección Nacional de Policía Especializada en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (DINAPEN)

(Ecuador) 2010 211, 216

direct conflict deaths

compared to indirect deaths 2005 253, 254–6, 257–9

counting methods and sources 2005 233–41

definition 2005 232

global 2005 230, 256–7


underreporting 2005 241–8

direct offsets 2007 12

directed-energy weapons 2011 85–6

Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia (District Anti-mafia Directorate) 2013 82

Direzione Nazionale Antimafia (National Anti-mafia Directorate) (DNA) 2013 82

disability

civilians 2002 164–5


indicators 2002 162

Intifada 2002 165


psychological impacts 2002 166–7

disability-adjusted life years (DALY) 2002 162, 165

disarmament


African stockpiles 2003 81

arms control comparison 2009 160


bias of DDR 2005 283–4

Brazil 2004 69–71, 72, 2009 169–71



civilians 2003 305–9, 2007 64–5, 2009 161, 164–77

coercive 2003 298–300, 2009 165, 167


cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3


destruction comparison 2008 78

deterrents to 2003 300–1

development for 2002 297–303, 2003 128

donor governments 2003 154–5

during conflict 2009 182

effects of small arms 2005 71, 72–6

Georgia 2003 203–5


Haiti 2005 164

human development 2003 151–6

illegal armed groups 2009 299–304

Iraq 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 73

Irish Republican Army 2003 72

Kosovo 2005 212–13, 221, 280

Mozambique 2001 64

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 185–8

NGOs 2003 155–6

non-state actors 2009 161, 180–7

norms 2003 243–7

Pacific 2004 294, 295–300


peace processes 2003 277–316

postponing 2003 287–90

South Sudan 2007 318, 327, 330, 338

state 2009 161, 178–80

sustainable 2003 309–13

types of 2009 160–4

UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 209


weapons reduction programmes 2005 280

World Bank 2003 152

Yemen 2003 186

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons reduction

disarmament by command 2002 286–7, 288–91

Disarmament Commission Guidelines 2009 62, 63

disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR)

Aceh 2009 256–9


Burundi 2007 198, 199, 203–7, 218–21



Colombia 2006 221, 230, 233–4, 235, 263

Côte d’Ivoire 2011 219

demand for small arms 2006 144, 158

disarmament programmes 2009 161, 180–7




Liberia 2002 288–9, 2005 30

link with weapons reduction programmes 2005 280

management of expectations 2005 284–5

measuring success 2005 284

militarization of refugee camps 2005 273


NGOs 2002 243


norms 2003 231

Northern Ireland 2006 260

peace process 2003 277–316

Phase I 2002 287


reintegration programmes 2009 254–5

Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 258, 2014 151–3

security and development 2003 152

short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 198–9

shortcomings 2005 283–9

Solomon Islands 2005 283

Somaliland 2012 149

South Sudan 2007 327, 331–3, 336, 339


US Army policy 2009 186


women’s role 2014 43–4

disarmament and dismantling of militias (DDM), Côte d’Ivoire 2011 213, 219

Disbandment of Illegal Armed Groups (DIAG) (Afghanistan) 2009 286, 291–2, 299–304, 306,

308

disclosure requirements, brokering 2002 253

disease

conflict deaths 2005 254–5, 269

displaced people 2002 169–70

prevention of 2001 216

displaced people

2001 2002 169, 196

Burundi 2007 200–3

Cambodia 2006 133

children 2009 201–3


Georgia 2003 209–10

humanitarian impacts 2002 160, 167–70

indirect conflict deaths 2005 232

Uganda 2006 275, 278, 280–1, 288, 289

see also internally displaced persons; refugees

disposal programmes 2002 310–11



obsolescent and surplus weapons, 2004 update 2004 56–60

old police weapons 2004 57

Pacific 2004 277, 295–300, 303


see also destruction programmes

distribution of firearms 2001 65–8, 2002 74–83

military stockpiles 2006 37

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–5, 266–9

Yemen 2003 178

District Anti-mafia Directorate see Direzione Distrettuale Antimafia

diversions 2004 71–2

ammunition 2005 14, 2007 289–312, 2008 45, 52


to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 320–1


Brazil 2007 289–90, 301–11

brokering 2004 154, 155, 163

from civilian holdings 2004 60–5, 2008 62–4


definition 2008 114–15, 156–7

document abuse 2008 118

end-use assurances 2002 249, 250, 251

export controls 2008 126–7, 132–3, 143

government involvement 2008 124

in-transit 2008 123

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 74, 81–6

links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39

multilateral prevention measures 2008 160–1

national control of civilian ownership 2002 263–4

neighbouring country’s military expenditure 2007 267

paths of 2008 44, 46–7

point-of-delivery 2008 123–4

from police stockpiles, South Africa 2008 193–5

post-delivery 2008 123–4

prevention 2008 142–5, 160–3, 173–4

from private security companies, South Africa 2008 190–3

punishment 2008 134–6

risk factors 2008 122–7

significant cases (1987–2007) 2008 120–2

from South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6

from state stockpiles 2004 43–4, 54–60

extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6


illicit trafficking in Colombia 2006 222

intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53

Iraq 2004 44–50

issued stock diversion 2008 51, 193–8



military collapse 2008 60–2

official conspiracies 2008 56–9

Pacific 2004 285, 286–90

police stockpiles 2004 230

policy implications 2008 52–3, 55–6, 59–60


South America 2006 83

Venezuela 2006 87


from stores of confiscated weapons, Chile 2006 85

transfer controls 2008 127–37


transfer routes 2008 118–19


transportation methods 2008 115–16

types 2008 115

Uganda, ammunition 2007 289–301

see also theft

Djibouti

alleged arms embargo violations, 2001 2002 132

covert transfers to Somalia 2007 94


Djibouti Maritime Security Services (DMSS) 2012 210

DMD Holding Group (Slovakia) 2003 42

DMSS see Djibouti Maritime Security Services

DNI see Dutch-Norwegian Initiative

documentation

abuse of 2008 118, 128–9

air cargo 2001 113–14

brokering 2004 144, 146, 163–4

trade 2003 100–1


see also end-user certification

Doha Document for Peace in Darfur (2011) 2014 214

Dolisie (Republic of the Congo), government stockpiles 2003 259

domestic violence

definition 2013 19, 2014 11


firearms access 2009 196, 2014 39–40


Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 170, 171–2, 179, 180

public health approach 2008 25


small arms regulation 2014 51

social norms 2014 14


see also intimate partner violence; sexual violence; violence against women and girls

Domestic Violence Act (DVA) (South Africa) 2013 37, 140–2

Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban (United States) 2013 35

Dominica

imports 2006 70



Dominican Republic

civilian firearms



control measures, OAS firearms instruments 2001 254



illicit transfers from, to Haiti 2005 164


armed 2011 112, 113

personnel 2011 104

production

global ranking 2000 2001 16


donors

Afghan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) 2009 294

Cambodia 2006 134–5, 136

data collection 2002 158

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 276, 277, 284, 285, 286, 289

disarmament and development 2003 154–5



Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2002 263


reintegration support, Aceh 2009 258–9


tsunami aid 2009 271–3



double-licensing 2004 153, 156

Downing Street Declaration (1993) 2007 44

dozos (traditional hunters), Côte d’Ivoire 2011 3, 212

DPKO see United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations

DPTC see Scientific and Technical Department

Draeger, Christoph 2005 144

Dragunov SVD assault rifles 2002 25

Burundi 2007 204

Iraq 2012 320, 321, 322


Dragunov SVDS rifle, licensed production 2007 24

DRC see Democratic Republic of the Congo

drug abuse


used to incite violence 2001 207

drug dealing, gangs, Nicaragua 2013 50–1, 56–7

drug dependency, civilian firearm users 2011 277

drug economy, Afghanistan 2009 307

drug trafficking

‘balloon effect’

Central America 2012 63, 64

Rio de Janeiro 2012 71

Brazil 2005 195, 2007 241–2, 301, 304–5

brokers 2001 107

Central America, OAS firearms instruments 2001 256

Chile 2006 85

Colombia 2005 161–3, 2006 217, 221, 222

conflict 2012 48

definition 2014 246

Ecuador 2010 215


gangs 2012 42

globalization of organized crime 2001 221

illicit craft production, Chile 2003 29

illicit transfers, Central America 2001 188–9, 256

Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 279

Ireland 2007 44

Kyrgyzstan 2004 323

links with illicit arms trade


Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 31–2

LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182

Madagascar 2011 186

Mexico 2010 140

Morocco 2005 87


Peru 2006 86

producers 2012 43

retailers 2012 43–4


state policy and response 2012 47–51

transhipment and smugglers 2012 43

United States, illicit weapons 2014 254–9


drug violence

actors 2012 42–4

Central America 2012 17–18, 60–4

Latin America 2012 41–72

links with illicit arms trade 2012 31–2

Mexico 2012 2, 3–4, 17, 29, 41, 46, 48, 49, 51–60

police tactics, Rio de Janeiro 2012 66–9

reasons for 2012 48

Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2012 41, 64–72

types of firearms used 2012 29, 55


drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs)

Mexico

illicit weapons 2013 283–4, 286, 287, 293


DSA (United States), licensed production 2007 18

DShK heavy machine guns 2008 21

Iraq 2012 321

Somalia 2012 339

DShK-38/46 Degtyarev heavy machine guns 2004 32, 34

DTRA see Defense Threat Reduction Agency

Du, Wang 2005 144–5

Dube, Lucky 2008 183

Duisburg massacre 2013 85

Dunarit-Ruse (Bulgaria) 2003 44

Dunblane (Scotland) 2002 161, 270–1, 283, 2009 171, 174

Dupuy, Trevor 2001 80

Dutch-Norwegian Initiative (DNI) 2004 150

Duvalier, ‘Papa Doc’ and ‘Baby Doc’ 2011 231

Duyvendak, Yan 2005 145

DV see delivery verification

DVA see Domestic Violence Act

Dynamit Nobel (Germany)

ammunition production 2001 15

merger with RUAG 2002 2003 15

dynamite, invention 2013 219

DynCorp 2011 125

Dzhaksybekov, Adilbek 2012 132

Dziekanski, Robert 2011 91

EAC see East African Community

EADS see European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company

EAPC see Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

EAPCCO see Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation

East Africa, land conflict 2013 120, 121, 122

East African Community (EAC)

initiatives in the Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–5


East Asia, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57

East Asia Pacific, production 2001 44–5

East Central Europe, production 2001 30, 34–6

East Germany see German Democratic Republic

East Timor 2004 240–1




firearm injuries 2012 98–101

gangs, girl members 2010 190

illicit capture of weapons 2008 55

imports 2002 147




second-generation security promotion 2009 237

tracing ammunition used in 2004 126

Eastern Africa, stockpiles 2003 80, 83–6

Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO) 2004 253

control measures 2001 263–4, 2002 262

Eastern Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 324, 325, 336–9

machine gun attack 2008 12

Eastern Europe

collapse of communism, surplus arms 2001 97

demilitarization 2013 193

exports, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 263




violence and crime 2004 176, 178, 179, 200

see also central and eastern Europe

Eastern Front (Sudan) 2007 320

Eastern Slavonia, weapons collection 2002 290, 311, 2003 300

Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320

EBA see Egbesu Boys of Africa

EBO see Hellenic Arms Industry

ECE see Economic Commission for Europe

Echelon, small arms caches 2006 47

ecological model, violence 2008 211, 226, 228, 237, 250–1

ECOMOG see Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), firearm use in homicides 2013 22

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) 2011 197

ammunition 2005 24

brokering 2004 150, 152

Code of Conduct 2005 24

Convention on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2006) 2010 49–50, 2011 264, 2014 52, 53


unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 122, 123

West African Moratorium 2001 258–9, 2005 125

authorized imports, 2004 update 2004 100, 112–14

Liberia 2003 119


transfers to West African armed groups 2006 247, 256


Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG)

confiscations 2001 172

DDR and weapons collection 2003 279, 292, 2005 287

Liberia 2002 288–9, 2003 283

Sierra Leone 2002 289–90, 2003 307

weapons captured from 2006 255

economic and crime-related violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 229–30

economic models 2007 263

economic reintegration, Aceh 2009 264–6

economy


costs of small arms violence 2003 130, 132–3, 135, 2004 190–2, 290–6, 2006 192–3

demand for small arms 2006 143, 144–5, 149

disarmament 2003 294, 300–1, 309–10

effects of small arms on human development 2003 128–49

Georgia 2003 206–7


new wars 2002 174–5

prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72

small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–34

US producers 2001 25

Yemen 2003 171–2, 178

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 303–4

ECOSOC see United Nations Economic and Social Council

ECOWAS see Economic Community of West African States

Ecuador



exports


to Sudan 2004 132

firearm homicides 2012 13, 16

types of weapons used 2012 26, 28–9

gang violence 2010 93–4, 214–15

prevention measures 2010 215–21

gangs 2010 209–24


firearms 2010 214–15

history 2010 212–14

mediation 2010 220

membership 2010 210–11


illicit transfers from 2006 83, 85, 222

to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163


from Argentina 2007 29





production

ammunition 2001 28


survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 57, 2004 18, 24

stockpiles 2004 51, 52, 53




EDA see European Defence Agency

EDF see Equatoria Defence Force

EDM see Electrical Discharge Machining

education

availability of small arms 2003 128


effects of small arms 2001 231, 232–3, 2003 140–1, 2006 191

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 235

impact of armed violence 2009 203–5

motivation for joining armed groups 2006 252

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 188


effects of small arms

availability 2001 4, 197–241

Georgia 2003 205–10

on human development 2003 125–59

humanitarian impact 2002 6, 155–93

EFPs see explosively formed projectiles

Egal, Mohamed Haji Ibrahim 2012 149, 157

Egbesu Boys of Africa (EBA) (Nigeria) 2006 249

Egypt


brokering 2004 152

civilian firearms

penalties for unlawful possession 2011 282


control measures

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123, 125–6

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213, 214

marking and tracing 2006 100–1

norms 2003 235

exports


irresponsible transfers from 2007 94, 106

to Sudan 2004 133

transparency 2013 183, 2014 130


to Liberia 2002 132

MANPADS 2004 89

to Rwanda 2001 206, 2002 132

to Somalia 2007 94

to Sudan 2001 171

illicit transfers to, from Libya 2001 171

imports




parts 2012 256

top importers 2004 2007 74


value 2003 2006 74, 75

non-state actors





production

AK series rifles 2001 17


illicit 2001 171

licensed production 2002 45, 2007 15, 18, 21, 27


MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2007 21



RPG-7 variants 2004 36

survey of producers 2001 38–9, 52, 2002 17, 19, 57

unlicensed 2007 15, 18, 21, 27

stockpiles

military 2005 86, 88, 2006 57

police 2005 89


Yemen 2003 170, 175

Eiland, General Giora 2002 165

Ejército de Liberación Nacional see National Liberation Army

El Joven Noble (The Noble Young Man) Male Responsibility Project 2010 238

El Salvador

armed violence, interventions 2008 281, 291–5

Arms-free Municipalities Project (AFMP) 2008 292–5

conflict

cease-fires for national immunization days 2002 170


mortality rates 2002 173

control measures





costs of small arms violence 2006 196, 197, 201


crime reduction (Goods for Guns) 1996–1999 2002 294, 295, 311

peace-building 1992–1993 2002 302, 2003 280

UNDP 2001–2004 2005 90, 280, 292





firearm homicides and suicides 2001 232, 2003 138

gangs 2008 290


membership 2010 69, 106, 107

reduction programmes 2009 233, 239

socio-political factors 2010 230

suppression strategies 2010 246



homicides 2008 289–91, 295, 2009 227, 228


to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162

to Mexico 2001 189

illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169

imports 2001 157

initmate partner violence 2013 33, 34

legislation, violence reduction 2008 293

peace negotiations, disarmament 2003 282

police, post-conflict reform 2004 240

post-conflict injuries 2005 275





personnel 2011 104

second-generation security promotion 2009 237

Society without Violence (Sociedad sin Violencia) 2008 292



Eldoret (Kenya) 2005 13

elections


Georgia 2003 195–6

violence 2010 265, 2011 209–10

electoral violence, Kenya 2013 103, 107

electric firing 2003 24

electric-shock weapons, police use 2011 85, 89–92

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 2005 49

Elías Blanco barrio (Nicaragua), gang violence 2013 47–8, 53–69

Elisco Tool (Philippines), survey of producers 2001 44

ELN see National Liberation Army (Colombia)

Elshaheed Ibrahim Shams el Deen Complex for Heavy Industries (Sudan) 2014 232

embargoes 2004 263–71

armed groups, West Africa 2006 258

brokering 2001 102, 106, 120, 2004 142, 144, 145

Croatia 2001 102


Fiji 2004 291

group resources 2005 187

human rights 2004 128, 2007 75


Liberia 2005 168

Libya 2014 179

MANPADS 2005 133–4

monitoring 2004 249–50, 263–71

multilateral embargoes effective 2001 2002 132–3

norms 2003 224–5, 232



Somalia 2007 92, 94, 2012 337

sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117–18

Sudan 2007 92, 320, 2014 218–19, 237

UNITA 2005 192

violations 2002 128–9, 131–4

emergency, states of, policing 2004 220

Emler, Nicolas 2006 303–4

employment

in the arms industry, US producers 2001 25, 27

Bulgaria 2003 43


Croatia 2003 45

DDR programmes, West Africa 2006 261



Hungary 2003 41


Poland 2003 42

Romania 2003 45

Russian Federation 2003 19


Sierra Leone, disarmament 2003 308


Yemen 2003 172

see also unemployment

empowerment, young men and small arms 2006 305

Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara (ENSB) (Spain), survey of producers 2001 32

Emsdetten (Germany) 2007 51

EMV see Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek

end producers 2001 11, 2003 12

end use, definition 2009 64

end users

definition 2009 64

MANPADS 2005 132–6

marking 2002 245

production sectors 2005 42, 43

transparency 2005 111, 2006 80

end-use assurances (EUAs)

illicit transfers to West African armed groups 2006 256

measures 2002 236, 248–52, 271–2


violations of 2002 128–9

end-use monitoring

ad hoc checks 2008 163

Blue Lantern monitoring programme 2008 129, 137, 170, 2014 125–6

delivery verification 2008 163, 174

Golden Sentry programme 2005 135, 2008 170, 2014 125

Stinger missiles 2008 144

transfer controls 2008 127, 128–9, 133–6


end-user certificates (EUCs) 2008 163


abuse of 2008 118, 155, 158–9, 175–6

definition 2009 64


from Argentina to Croatia 2001 102

brokering 2001 27, 2004 144, 163–4

to UNITA 2001 117–18, 119, 173

national control systems 2001 124, 125–6, 2009 81–2

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 123–4, 124–5

ways round 2001 104

end-user certification

Austria 2008 164–5, 171–3

Belgium 2008 165, 171–3

Brazil 2008 165, 171–3

Canada 2008 165–7, 171–3

China 2008 167, 171–3

documentation 2008 163, 172, 175

enhancing 2008 175–6

Germany 2008 167, 171–3

Italy 2008 167–8, 171–3

Japan 2008 168, 171–3

multilateral measures 2008 160–1

national practice 2008 164–73

national systems 2008 162–3

Sweden 2008 175


United Kingdom 2008 169, 171–3

United States 2008 169–70, 171–3

enforcement

controls on brokering 2002 257


Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262

engagement

armed groups 2010 94, 305–26

humanitarian approach 2010 306–15

England and Wales


correlation between wealth and 2007 62



national registration data 2007 50

firearms offences 2009 172–3

gangs

gun ownership 2010 109–10, 112, 113


homicides 2002 271

intimate partner violence 2013 24, 27, 28

law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40

ENSB see Empressa Nacional Santa Barbara

environmental hazards, demilitarization 2013 204–8

environmental pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 29

EOD see explosive ordnance disposal

epidemiological surveys, conflict deaths 2005 239–40, 242, 245–6

epidemiology, armed violence 2008 224

Equatoria Defence Force (EDF) 2007 324, 325

Erfurt school massacre (Germany) 2003 57, 63, 69–70

Eritrea





Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement (2006) 2007 320


to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2004 87–8, 2007 93–4, 2012 344–7

to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92


arms embargoes against 2002 132, 133

imports, from Romania 2003 110


unauthorized retransfers 2014 127

women, conflict roles 2014 38

ERO sub-machine gun, unlicensed production 2007 25

Erskine, Lt. Gen. Emmanuel 2003 82

Eryx ATGWs 2011 32

Escobar, Pablo 2012 45, 46, 47, 48, 2013 231

estimation techniques, conflict deaths 2005 239–42

Estonia


brokering 2004 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280, 281






user regulation 2011 276, 277, 279, 280



exports, to Iraq 2006 74


imports 2002 86, 116, 147





production


licensed 2007 15





stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 85, 2003 65




Eszak Magyarorszagi Vegyimuvek (EMV) (Hungary) 2001 37

ETA see Euskadi Ta Askatasuna

Ethiopia

ammunition, production 2014 199, 204, 205, 206

conflict


in South Sudan 2007 317



to Kenya 2001 175

to Somalia 2001 175, 2002 132, 2007 93–4, 2012 344–7

to Sudan 2007 325

to Sudanese rebels 2001 174

illicit transfers to, arms embargoes against 2002 132, 133, 2004 128, 130

imports 2003 110, 118, 2005 104


land conflict 2013 120, 121, 122, 123



production 2001 16, 52, 2002 57

stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 60

ethnic violence



Kazakhstan 2012 115


West Africa armed groups 2006 250

ethnicity

Brazil, firearm-related deaths 2007 228, 231–2, 244–5

Burundi 2007 199, 201, 202, 221

gang violence in Los Angeles 2007 183

Kyrgyzstan 2004 318

land disputes 2013 105–6

policing 2004 228, 236

South Sudan 2007 317, 318, 328, 333–5

United States, firearm homicides 2001 204, 239


Ética y Transparencia (Nicaragua) 2013 49

EU see European Union

EU ASAC see European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in

Cambodia

EUAs see end-use assurances

EUCs see end-user certificates

Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) 2002 260

measures 2001 273–4

Euro-Atlantic region, measures 2001 273–6

Eurogang project 2010 129, 131, 137, 145, 232

Eurometaal (Netherlands) 2001 32, 2002 12, 34

Euromissile 2004 27, 2012 252

Europe

control measures, regional norms 2003 236–7

criminal victimization in 2007 169–70

demilitarization industry 2013 188–90, 195, 211

costs 2013 192

firearm homicide-suicides 2013 27



illicit transfers 2001 175–80, 2005 113–16, 2006 83

from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111

insurgent demand 2001 83

insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79, 83

non-European Union, transfers 2003 108–11


production

ammunition 2005 14

by value 2001 14

by volume 2001 12

distribution of producing companies 2001 10–11, 2002 12, 2003 12, 14, 2004 10, 2005

14

distribution of producing countries 2001 10–11, 2002 11, 2003 11, 2004 9





stockpiles 2002 87–90, 2003 62–72

civilian holdings 2003 57, 63–6, 70–2

military 2006 51, 52, 53, 58

mortars 2002 72

terrorism 2003 72


value 2000 2003 100, 101

to Yemen 2003 173–4

weapons collection programmes 2003 280–1


see also Central and Eastern Europe; Central Europe; East Central Europe; Eastern Europe;

European Union; Western Europe

European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) 2005 59, 61

European Code of Police Ethics 2011 71

European Convention on Human Rights 2004 218

European Defence Agency (EDA)

Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement 2010 12

Defence Contracts Opportunities bulletin board 2010 12

offset deals 2007 12

European Tracking Initiative 2008 129

European Union Assistance in Curbing Small Arms and Light Weapons in Cambodia (EU

ASAC) 2002 296, 2003 310, 2006 119, 123, 130, 134–6

European Union (EU)

Annual Report


transparency 2012 285, 300, 303, 307

arms embargoes 2001 2002 133

brokering, control measures 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 150, 152, 155–7, 166, 2014 92

Central African Republic anti-poaching initiative 2005 310

civil aviation regulations 2010 59

Code of Conduct on Arms Exports 2001 269–71, 2009 62, 63, 66


brokers 2001 127



humanitarian law 2002 182, 183

influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214


licensing criteria 2009 91, 95–6

MANPADS 2005 131–2

re-export provision 2009 84–5

transparency 2006 66, 79–80

Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports 2007 137

Common Military List 2005 102

military weapons categories 2009 67



ammunition 2005 24

brokering 2001 127, 2004 147–8, 150, 152, 155–7, 166


OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 212

in Southern Africa 2001 261–2

UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 214, 222–3, 224

Council Common Position on the control of arms brokering 2005 24

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 292, 2005 281, 287

destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 94

Development Council 2001 272

embargoes 2004 128, 2014 218, 237

European Weapons Directive 2011 265

export controls 2009 77, 79

export licences, refusals 2011 19

exports

to peacekeeping missions 2009 37–9

reporting 2009 26, 28, 2014 137–8


irresponsible transfers to Cameroon 2007 99

Joint Action on Small Arms (1998) 2001 271–2

brokers 2001 127

influence on UN Programme of Action 2002 214

marking 2002 246



marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 101, 102

member nations 2001 269

membership requirements 2008 103–4

monitoring, data on legal transfers 2001 144

offset deals 2007 12

Plan of Action (2000) 2002 210, 214–15

production 2002 13, 2003 13

ammunition 2005 14

Programme for Preventing and Combating Illicit Trafficking in Conventional Arms (1997)

2001 261–2, 269, 2002 214


Single Administrative Document (SAD) 2010 55–7

stockpiles, civilian holdings 2003 64–6

Strategy to Combat Illicit Accumulation and Trafficking of SALW and Their Ammunition

2010 47–9

transfers


hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124

intra-regional 2003 101

to Latin America 2003 114, 116

MANPADS 2005 131–2

trends 2000 2003 103–5


value 2000 2003 100, 101

value 2001 2004 108

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 121, 122, 124, 127

Working Party on Conventional Arms Exports (COARM) 2014 127

transfer controls 2007 137

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque Homeland and Freedom) (ETA)

explosives thefts 2013 235–6


stockpiles 2002 89, 2003 72

EVMP see Explosive Violence Monitoring Project

ex-combatants

Aceh 2009 249–78


Burundi 2007 198, 202, 203–4, 218–20

crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7

reintegration 2003 310

Republic of the Congo 2002 300–3, 2003 266, 272

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; reintegration of former combatants

excess mortality

definition 2005 232

Guatemala, post-conflict 2005 270

post-conflict 2005 268–9, 2009 222–3, 289

see also conflict deaths

‘excessive and destabilizing accumulation’, UN Programme of Action 2002 222, 224

exclusion


fragmentation of public space 2007 178

young men and small arms 2006 295, 305–6

exclusive licenses 2007 8

executions, extrajudicial 2004 230–2, 236

Executive Outcomes (EO) 2001 104, 109, 110

EXPAL Bulgaria JSC (Bulgaria) 2013 189, 200

EXPAL (Spain) 2013 189, 190

expanding bullets 2005 22–3

explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), Mpila depot explosions (Republic of the Congo) 2014 145,

150–1, 162–3, 167–8

Explosive Violence Monitoring Project (EVMP) 2013 224–6

explosively formed projectiles (EFPs), lethality 2008 12

explosives

Colombia 2006 223, 225, 226, 231, 238

commercial, source for IEDs 2013 235–7

Georgia 2003 203–4

home-made, source for IEDs 2013 237–41


military, source for IEDs 2013 232–5

Palestine 2003 78


export controls


accountability 2002 248

diversion prevention 2008 126–7, 132–3, 143, 159–60


end-user certification 2009 81–2

enforcement 2009 85–6

EU Code of Conduct 2001 269–71

exceptions to licensing requirements 2009 78–9

global licences 2009 79, 80


glossary of terms 2009 64

licence types 2009 79–81

license systems 2001 124, 125, 253, 270

licensing authorities 2009 86–90

licensing criteria 2009 91–6

MANPADS 2008 61

military small arms 2009 61–97

OAS Model Regulations 2001 255

pre-licensing requirements 2009 69–78

re-export provisions 2009 82–5

‘Tracker system’ 2009 80, 81

transfer criteria comparisons 2014 86–7


types of 2009 62–5


UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 223, 224–5

violations 2008 137

export licences 2006 79–80

brokering 2001 124, 2002 253


EU 2011 19

EU Code of Conduct 2001 270

government reports 2001 148–53


national control systems 2001 125





see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer

exportation, urban violence 2007 162

exporters

Comtrade data 2011 2014 111–12

rankings 2011 11

exporting state, definition 2009 64

exports

ammunition

shotgun shell parts 2010 25–6

shotgun shells 2010 25–6

small-calibre 2009 14–17, 2010 23–4

to Uganda 2007 294–7

central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9


codes of conduct, supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182–3


Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 52

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 115–16, 136–7



customs data

1994–1998 2001 145–55

1999 2002 112–17

2000 2003 97–120

2001 2004 99–134

2002 2005 97–105

2003 2006 65–78

definitions 2009 64, 65–6

European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5

France, control and accountability 2002 248

global trade 2006 68–74

Hungary 2003 41

irresponsible transfers 2007 73–107




MANPADS 2005 131–7

military firearms 2009 32–9

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5

national controls, brokering 2002 254–5

national reporting 2001 147–55, 2002 117–23, 2004 101, 2012 289, 306, 308, 2014 137–8

necessity for producers 2004 118–25


Pacific 2004 277, 280, 282, 303

parts 2012 255, 259–60

permanent 2009 65

pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2, 39–43


risk assessments 2014 85–8

Romania 2003 45

Russia 2003 110–11

sources of 2009 68–9


sporting firearms 2009 17–20, 43–7


Sweden 2002 248

temporary 2009 66


transit 2009 66

transparency 2013 4, 181–4

Ukraine 2003 48

UN data on 2001 146–7

UN Register 2014 132–5


United States 2002 248, 2003 105–8

to the United States 2001 26–7

see also brokering; illicit transfers; Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer; transfers

eXtended Range Electro-Muscular Projectile (XREP) 2011 85

extensive-range production 2005 45, 55–7, 63–4

extortion

Georgia 2003 210


extra-judicial detention, Haiti, urban political armed violence 2007 174

extra-judicial execution 2004 230–2, 236

extractive industries, use of private security companies 2011 135–58

extraterritorial jurisdiction 2002 255–6, 2004 158–9, 161

Ezell, Edward 2001 62

F1 automatic rifle 2006 55

F1 grenades, Somalia 2012 340

FAA see Angolan Armed Forces

FAB see Forces armées burundaises

Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones (FBM) 2004 21

Fabrica de Armas Nacionales (Mexico) 2001 27, 2002 45, 51

Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito (FAME) (Peru) 2004 25

Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu (FMAP) (Argentina) 2001 29

Fábrica Militar Fray Luis Beltran (Argentina), licensed production 2007 18

Fábrica Nacional de Cartuchos e Munições (Brazil) 2001 29

Fabrica Realengo (Brazil) 2001 29

Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército (FAMAE) (Chile)


survey of producers 2001 30, 2004 22–3, 2005 57

Fabryka Broni (Poland) 2003 42

FAC see Forces Armées Congolaises

FACA see Forces armées centrafricaines

facilitators, NGOs 2002 243

Factory 54 (Egypt) 2002 17

FAFN see Forces Armées des Forces Nouvelles

faida (feud), mafia 2013 84–6, 96

failed cities 2007 176–8

Faina, MV, hijacking 2012 176, 198

FAL rifles

ammunition 2014 187

Iraq 2012 320

Falcone, Giovanni 2013 75, 78, 93

Falcone, Pierre Joseph 2004 165, 166

FAMAE see Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército

FAMAS assault rifles

ammunition 2014 187



producers 2002 33

FAMAS F-1 rifles, Iraq 2012 320–1

FAME see Fábrica de Armas y Municiones del Ejéricito

family bonds, Yemen 2003 169

family violence

definition 2013 19

Papua New Guinea 2006 171–2, 179, 180

FANCI see Forces Armées Nationales de Côte d’Ivoire

Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) (El Salvador) 2002 294

FARC see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia

Farrell, Malchi 2005 149

fashion, prices and consumer taste 2002 70

Fashoda Peace Agreement (1997) 2010 278

Fatah 2002 131

FBI see Federal Bureau of Investigation

FBM see Fábrica Boliviana de Municiones

FCA see Firearms Control Act (South Africa)

FCS see fire control systems

FDI see foreign direct investment

FDN see Force de défense nationale

fear, costs of violence 2001 217, 219–20

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (United States)


weaponry 2010 114

Federal Premium, ammunition 2011 77

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia



Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities (FNDIC) (Nigeria) 2006 249

Fegarmy (FEG) (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 41

Fegyver es Gaykeszuelekgyara (Hungary), licensed production 2007 18

femicides

definition 2013 19, 2014 11

firearm use 2013 25–6, 2014 1, 13, 40

intimate-partner violence 2013 18

regional variations 2013 23–4

see also violence against women and girls

Fenton, George 2011 84

fertilizer, use in IEDs 2013 238–41

Fetter, Gregory 2002 64

fights

Burundi 2007 212

South Sudan 2007 329, 330–1

Fiji

costs of firearm misuse 2004 290–2


gun ownership laws 2004 283, 302, 303

imports 2004 281

rebellion 2000 2001 184

stockpiles 2003 88, 89, 2004 284

leakage 2004 55, 287, 288

FIM-43 Redeye 2004 80, 82, 84

FIM-92 Stinger MANPAD 2002 116, 2003 76, 2004 82, 83, 84, 88

financing



Fine Mechanics Plant State Enterprise (Ukraine) 2003 49

Finland


civilian firearms


licences 2011 280


regulation 2011 266




control measures, brokering 2004 156, 158, 159, 161



exceptions 2009 78




exports

ammunition 2009 15



to China 2004 129



irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 99, 105


list of importers 2005 108, 2006 75, 77, 78



to Russia 2004 132

share of total arms exports 2001 144



transparency 2004 117, 126, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16,

2012 292, 299, 2013 182, 2014 129



value 2001 2004 104

value 2002 2005 103

value 2003 2006 70



imports

list of exporters 2005 104, 105, 2006 73

value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76




production









stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2007 47–8



military 2004 46, 2005 77, 2006 44, 51, 53

stolen firearms 2004 63


transfers 2000 2003 103

transportation


licensing 2010 53

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 123–4

Fiocchi Munizioni (Italy), licensed production 2007 18

fire fighters, firearms stockpiles, Bulgaria 2006 40

fire-and-forget missiles 2004 79

fire-control systems (FCS) 2012 245, 268–9

firearm deaths

Brazil 2007 227–8, 230–42, 251


children and youth 2009 195–8


humanitarian personnel 2002 186–8



non-conflict 2004 174–204

post-conflict 2002 163, 164, 2005 268–9

regional rates 2008 218–19

South Africa 2008 183, 188, 195

United Kingdom 2009 172–4


urban–rural differences 2008 257

see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides; homicides



accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 132–3



Brazil 2001 222, 2006 296, 2007 230–42, 251, 2009 170–1


Burundi 2007 212


Canada


cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8

Caribbean 2004 175, 176, 177, 178, 199–200

Central America 2001 232, 2012 17–18

China 2005 82

civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 239

Colombia 2006 215, 216–17, 227–30, 231, 236–41, 2008 292

compiling statistics 2012 10, 11


costs of small arms violence 2003 134–5, 2006 189–211


development 2001 232–3, 2003 126

effect of conflict 2001 211

effects of small arms availability 2001 201–2, 208–9, 240


El Salvador 2008 288–91, 295

England and Wales 2002 271

Europe 2003 63


Guatemala 2005 270


Haiti 2007 174

Honduras 2002 166, 195

humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 156–7

impunity 2012 34

indicators 2002 159

intimate partner murder-suicides 2013 26–7

intimate partner violence 2013 25–6

Iraq 2002–2006 2007 82

Japan 2005 80

Latin America 2003 138, 2004 53, 175, 176, 177, 178, 199–200

Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 1–2, 3, 9–35

availability of weapons 2012 32–3

origins of weapons used 2012 29–32

patterns 2012 11–13

trends 2012 14–15

types of weapons used 2012 9, 25–9

link to poverty 2003 157

Nicaragua 2002 166, 195

non-lethal injuries comparison 2012 91–4

organized crime 2012 33–4

Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175


poverty 2003 137, 138

prices of weapons 2007 258, 263, 264, 265, 281

risk to development workers 2003 149


Small Arms Survey Database (1995-2010) 2012 11

social determinants, Brazil 2007 233–8, 251

South Africa 2009 176–7, 2013 133, 136–7

Switzerland 2007 54

Uganda 2003 134–5

United States 2008 281–2, 2014 251–2, 257, 259

Boston 2007 181

compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166

demographics 2001 239


New York 2007 184



political 2007 175

by women 2014 2–3

Yemen 2007 45

young men and small arms 2006 295, 297, 311

see also firearm deaths; firearm suicides; homicides

firearm injuries

Burundi 2007 212–14

Canada, cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 197–8



conflicts 2002 160–7

costs 2012 94

costs of small arms violence 2003 132–3, 134–5, 2004 191, 2006 189–211

effects on human development 2003 129, 131, 132

firearm injury to killed ratio 2002 161


Honduras 2002 166, 195

indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18


M16 bullets 2002 165

Nicaragua 2002 166, 195

Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 172

post-conflict 2002 163, 164, 2005 271–2

psychological impacts 2002 166–7

rubber bullets 2004 222–3


surveillance systems 2012 94–101

treatment of 2002 166

trends 2002 162

victims 2002 163–6

see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides; non-lethal armed violence

firearm ownership

attitudes 2013 38

gendered 2013 9, 30–1

in the home 2013 31

and intimate partner violence 2013 29–32

legislation 2013 35–7, 140–2

women 2014 2

work-related 2013 32

firearm suicides 2001 208–9, 240, 2008 219

2004 update 2004 174–80, 199–202


Africa 2004 192–3

Brazil 2007 228, 230, 242–6, 252

Colombia 2006 228


effect of conflict 2001 211

estimates of civilian holdings 2007 54

global 2002 156–7, 160

intimate partner murder-suicides 2013 26–7

Latin America and the Caribbean 2008 219

means 2004 187

Pacific 2004 295

safe storage of civilian weapons 2002 266

substitution effect 2004 186–90

Switzerland 2007 54


see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides

firearm violence

gendered 2013 17–18

lethal and non-lethal 2012 91–4, 97

Somalia 2012 160–1, 162


firearms

access to 2013 11

civilian possession 2011 261–96, 2013 9, 29–32


gang use 2013 59–63

gender-based violence 2014 9, 13, 23–4, 28, 39–40, 42, 51

and intimate partner violence 2013 25–32

mafia 2013 88–96

and murder-suicides 2013 26–7

normalization of 2013 32

police weapons 2011 74–80

private security companies 2011 111–26

theft and loss, South Africa 2009 176


transfers, reporting 2009 26–8, 52–3

women’s use of 2014 1–3, 64–75

Firearms Commerce in the United States (ATF) 2004 12

Firearms Control Act (FCA) (South Africa) 2013 133, 140–2

Firearms Manufacturing and Export Report (ATF) 2004 12

firepower, weapons availability 2005 182–5

Firm, the (South Africa) 2010 164

first aid, lethality 2001 212

First World War, European civilian holdings 2007 52

FIS see Forces d’intervention spéciales; Front Islamique de Salut

Fish and Wildlife (United States), weapons stockpiles 2006 41, 43

Fisher, Ian 2004 46

Fitzpatrick, Christopher 2006 143

flags of convenience 2001 115, 2004 146

Flame of Peace (Mali) 2002 288

Flanders (Belgium), exports 2006 69

FLB see Fray Luis Beltran

‘fleeing felon’ 2004 218–19

Fleishman, Jeffrey 2004 44

FLGO see Front for the Liberation of the Great West

Florida (United States)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 282





FMAP see Fabrica Militar de Armas Poratiles Domingo Mathheu

FMK3 sub-machine gun 2001 29

FMK5 rifle 2001 29

FMLN see Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front; Frente Farabundo Marti para la

Liberación Nacional

FN see Forces Nouvelles

FN 303 less-lethal launcher 2011 85, 88, 92

FN Browning HP pistol, prices 2013 253

FN Browning Series, most popular handguns 2001 20, 29

FN FAL assault rifle

Brazil 2007 309

Burundi 2007 204

exports, to Nepal 2003 113

illicit, ammunition prices 2013 265–8

illicit transfers to Colombia 2006 222


military procurement 2006 11, 12, 87

prices 2013 253

production

global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55

licensed 2007 18

Brazil 2001 29, 2004 22

Chile 2001 30


in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43, 46

worldwide 2002 45


most popular military weapons 2004 28, 34

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173


used in violence in Africa 2004 195

Venezuela 2006 12, 87

Yemen 2003 174

FN Herstal (Belgium)

ammunition seized by Brazilian security forces 2007 305

assault rifles 2004 28, 29, 2011 76–7

most popular 2001 20




handguns, most popular 2001 18, 20


machine guns 2004 31

Minimi (M249) 2003 22




production

ammunition 2001 15, 2005 13

licensed 2001 12, 2002 41, 2007 16, 18

Argentina 2001 29

in sub-Saharan Africa 2002 43–8

worldwide 2002 45


subsidiary in Brazil 2004 22



weapons used in drug trafficking, Mexico 2012 29

FN MAG light machine gun 2004 31

Burundi 2007 204

most popular machine guns 2001 19, 20, 2004 34

production

Brazil 2004 22



FN Manufacturing (United States) 2001 31



M-16 series assault rifle 2001 13

production, licensed 2002 45

FNC assault rifle, licensed production 2007 18

FNDIC see Federated Niger Delta Ijaw Communities

FNL-Icanzo see Front national de libération Icanzo

FOIA see United States, Freedom of Information Act

food, effects of small arms misuse 2003 136, 142–3

Force de défense nationale (FDN) (Burundi) 2007 203, 207

Force Républicaine de Sécurité (FRS) (Madagascar) 2011 170, 172

Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines (FORSDIR) (CAR) 2005 307, 309

forced marriage

Liberia 2014 18

Nepal 2014 25–6

Forces armées burundaises (FAB) (Burundi) 2007 203, 206, 207

Forces armées centrafricaines (FACA) (CAR) 2005 304, 311, 312, 315

Forces Armées Congolaises (FAC) 2003 256, 2005 304, 317–18, 324

Mpila explosions 2014 145, 147, 148, 149, 150

Forces Armées des Forces Nouvelles (FAFN) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 202, 204, 217–18, 219

Forces Armées d’Haïti (FADH) 2005 163–4

Forces Armées Nationales de Côte d’Ivoire (FANCI) 2011 196, 202, 204, 220

Forces d’intervention spéciales (FIS) (Special Intervention Forces) (Madagascar) 2011 172

Forces Nouvelles (FN) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 193, 196, 202–4, 211, 219

firearms 2010 122

Forecast International 2001 12–14, 15

foreign direct investment (FDI), effects of small arms misuse 2003 144, 145

foreign intermediate parties, definition 2009 64

Forjas Taurus (Brazil)


exports 2004 123



strategic alliance with FAMAE of Chile 2001 30

survey of producers 2001 29, 30, 2004 11, 22, 23

former combatants see ex-combatants

Former Republic of Yugoslavia see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of

Former Soviet Republics (FSRs), survey of producers 2003 47–9

Former Uganda National Army (FUNA) 2006 282

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of

FORSDIR see Force spéciale de défense des institutions républicaines

Fort see State Specialized Scientific Association

Fort Association (Kazakhstan) 2005 56

Fortna, Virginia 2009 224

Fowler Report see United Nations (UN), Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council

Sanctions against UNITA

Fox, Vicente 2012 54

FPK sniper rifles, Iraq 2012 321

fragile cities 2007 176–8

fragile states, post-conflict 2009 231

fragmentation, production 2003 10

fragmenting munitions

death and injury rates post-conflict 2002 163

lethality 2001 212

M16 2002 165

Framework Agreement for Democratic Security in Central America (SICA) 2001 257

Framework Convention on International Arms Transfers 2002 182, 2003 225, 2004 133, 2007

128–9, 2014 78

France

ammunition

production 2014 187, 189–91



brokering 2001 125, 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 156, 157, 160, 161, 165


control measures

brokering 2001 125, 126, 2002 256, 2004 154, 156, 157, 160, 161, 165

MANPADS 2004 93


tracing initiatives 2006 96, 97

UN Programme of Action, marking and tracing 2002 226

Côte d’Ivoire involvement 2011 196–7

demilitarization industry 2013 189

destruction programmes 2004 58, 2008 97


export controls

enforcement 2009 86






exports

to Africa 2003 118

ammunition 2009 15




Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274

control and accountability 2002 248

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132



list of importers 2005 106, 108, 2006 75, 76, 77, 78




national reporting 2002 118–19, 120, 122, 2003 98

parts 2012 259–60

to Rwanda 2001 207

shotgun shell parts 2010 26, 27


transparency 2004 4, 116, 117, 2005 111, 112, 113, 2006 79, 81, 2007 74, 87, 88,

2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16, 2012 292, 299, 303, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 104, 110

value 2002 2005 103

value 2003 2006 70


French–Belgian initiative on air transport control 2010 46–7, 48–9, 62


to China 2002 133

to Ethiopia 2002 132, 133

to Former Yugoslavia 2002 133

imports


Comtrade data 2009 8, 12, 2013 180


list of exporters 2005 102, 103, 104, 105, 2006 68, 70, 71, 72

parts 2012 256

pistols and revolvers 2009 22, 40





value 2000 2003 103

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76

Madagascar involvement 2011 171–3

military procurement 2006 11, 13, 23, 27, 29

police weapons 2010 114, 2011 72

policing 2004 218, 225

crowd control 2011 87–8



personnel 2011 104

production


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 21, 29


MANPADS 2004 82, 2007 21





survey of producers 2001 31–2, 52, 2002 32–3, 57

stockpiles

civilian holdings 2003 64, 69–70, 2005 80, 2007 47–8



data on private legal firearms 2001 84

firearm homicides 1999 2001 239



Gendarmerie 2001 71–2

MANPADS 2004 84

military 2006 45, 56, 57, 2007 65

transportation

licensing 2010 53

safety and security measures 2010 53–4

Fray Luis Beltran (FLB) (Argentina) 2001 29, 2004 19–20

Free Aceh Movement see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka

Free Syrian Army (FSA), women 2014 73

‘freedom fighters’

symbolism 2001 205


freight forwarders 2010 43

Freixo, Marcelo 2012 70

French Polynesia



imports 2004 281, 282

stockpiles 2003 89

French–Belgian initiative, air transport control 2010 46–7, 48, 62

Frente de Libertacão de Moçambique (FRELIMO), stockpiles 2001 64

Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) (El Salvador), humanitarian

commitments 2010 310

Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (Chile) 2003 28

Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) see Sandinista National Liberation Front

Frey, Barbara 2007 127

Fritz Werner (Germany)



Iran 2002 52

Nigeria 2002 46


Turkey 2002 51

FROLINA see Front pour la libération nationale

Front Islamique de Salut (FIS) (Algeria) 2001 171

Front for the Liberation of the Great West (FLGO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249

Front national de libération Icanzo (FNL-Icanzo) (Burundi) 2007 203

Front pour la libération nationale (FROLINA) (Burundi) 2007 203

Front for the Security of the Centre-West (FSCO) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249

Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et coopératif

(FUNCINPEC) 2006 120–1, 122–3

FRS see Force Républicaine de Sécurité

FRY see Yugoslavia, Former Republic of

FSA see Free Syrian Army

FSCO see Front for the Security of the Centre-West

FSLN see Sandinista National Liberation Front

FSRs see Former Soviet Republics

Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) 2006 216–17

acquisition networks 2005 162–3, 187

ammunition, diverted from Peru 2008 52


civilian casualties 2006 224, 226


conflict goods 2002 140, 142

diversion of weapons from Peru 2008 113, 120



from the European Union 2004 108

from Peru 2001 187–8, 2003 116

from United States 2003 117

light weapons holdings 2008 15, 32

links with Irish Republican Army 2003 285

MANPADS 2004 88


craft production 2004 24, 2005 47, 2006 223

mortars 2002 72

recruitment of women 2002 171

repair of weapons 2005 47


stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2003 87, 2006 221

Fujimori, Alberto 2001 187, 2003 116, 2005 163, 2008 113, 123

full-metal jacket (FMJ) 2005 22, 23

FUNA see Former Uganda National Army

FUNCINPEC see Front uni national pour un Cambodge indépendant, neutre, pacifique et

coopératif

Fund for Peace, The, Model Convention on arms brokering 2002 257–8

funding, disarmament 2003 304, 306–8

Fuzileiros Navais (Brazilian Marines), possible ammunition diversions from 2007 309

FX05 Xihuacóatl assault rifle 2007 26

FYROM see Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of

G3 assault rifles

ammunition 2014 187

destruction of surplus weapons 2004 60

Iraq 2012 320, 322

licensed production 2002 48–51, 2007 8

exports 2002 53

Iran 2002 18, 52


Turkey 2001 40, 2002 50




production

Colombia 2004 23

estimate of total production 2001 63, 2006 55

Mexico 2004 25

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173


G3A3 rifles, serial numbers 2009 116

G3A7 assault rifles 2002 20

G4S (Group 4 Securicor) 2011 103, 125, 148

in India 2011 112, 114

G8, MANPADS 2005 129, 133

G11 rifle (HK) 2002 48–9

G36 assault rifles 2001 63, 2002 38


use in Georgia 2009 111

Gabon

illicit transfers to the Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 263, 2014 154


Gaborone (Botswana), carjackings 2007 172

Gali (Georgia) 2003 209–10

Galil assault rifle

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 218, 221, 222

exports 2002 123, 2003 112

Israeli stockpiles 2003 77


production 2002 35





unlicensed 2007 11, 25, 27

Galkayo (Somalia), armed violence 2012 160, 162

Gallagher, Tom 2001 201

GAM see Gerakan Aceh Merdeka

Gambia, The


illicit transfers from, to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 2002 132

imports 2004 113

Gamsakhurdia, Zviad 2003 195–6, 200

Ganda Koye Patriotic Movement (MPGK) 2005 165–7

Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) programme 2010 237–8

gang violence

Africa and Asia-Pacific 2010 142–4

community action against 2008 234, 235–6

definitions 2010 131

direct and indirect consequences 2010 132

drug-related 2010 140, 215, 2012 17–18, 19–20

Ecuador 2010 93–4, 214–15

El Salvador 2008 290

Europe 2010 136–8

explanations for 2010 146–9

firearms use 2010 69, 89–90, 214–15


girls as perpetrators 2010 193–7, 199–201

girls as victims 2010 197–8

global characteristics 2010 129–30, 144–5, 149

impact on children 2009 211


levels of violence 2010 145

location 2010 145

motives 2010 145


prevention programmes 2010 93–4, 209, 216–24

risk factors 2008 261–2, 270

sexual assault 2010 198–9

United States 2008 225–6, 234, 286

United States and Canada 2010 132–6

urban areas 2007 170–1, 180, 183

victims 2010 69, 145

weaponry 2010 144–5

gangs


Burundi 2007 212

Colombia 2006 217

criminal activities 2010 90, 214–15

cultures of 2010 231

definitions 2010 86, 105, 130–1, 186, 211–12, 231

demand for small arms 2006 143, 145, 146–8, 152


drug trafficking 2012 43–4

drug use 2013 50–1, 56–7

drug violence, Central America 2012 63–4

Ecuador 2010 209–24


family treatment strategies 2010 242


Caribbean 2012 19–20


firearm use 2013 59–63

girl members 2010 91–2, 185–203, 231

ethnicity 2010 192–3

programming 2010 202

reasons for joining 2010 191–3

roles 2010 189–91

sexual stereotypes 2010 189

victimization 2010 198–9

violence by 2010 193–7, 199–201

weapons 2010 196–7

graffiti 2010 69, 147, 217

gun ownership 2010 69, 89, 101–5, 109–16, 144–5, 214–15

Haiti 2011 253–5

humanitarian engagement 2010 308

initiation rituals 2010 69, 198

interventions 2010 92–4, 229–49

Los Angeles (United States) 2007 183


Nicaragua 2013 1, 3, 47–69

policing, broken-window strategy 2007 184

post-conflict societies 2009 232

reduction programmes 2009 233, 239

prevention strategies 2010 230

environment-oriented 2010 238–40

youth-oriented 2010 234–8

reasons for joining 2010 191, 216

rehabilitation 2010 69, 93–4, 216–23

socio-political factors 2010 230–1

Somaliland 2012 159

supression strategies 2010 230, 244–8

tattoos 2010 69, 241

treatment strategies 2010 230

environment-oriented 2010 244

youth-oriented 2010 240–2

United States, firearms seized 2014 259–60

women members 2014 3

young men and small arms 2006 298, 303, 309–10, 311–16

youth groups 2010 231–3

see also armed groups; gang violence; prison gangs

Garang, John 2007 319, 321, 322, 2010 278, 279

Gardiens de la paix (Peace Guardians) (Burundi) 2007 202, 206–7, 218

Garissa (Kenya), disarmament 2003 312

Gartner, Rosemary 2002 263

Gary (Indiana, United States), homicide rate 2007 165

gated communities

São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167


violence of urbanization 2007 176–8

Gatkek, Wutnyang 2007 334

GATT see General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Gatwitch, Simon 2007 334

Gaza

non-state actors




Palestinian craft production 2002 17

stockpiles

insurgent weapons 2002 90–4

Israeli 2003 77, 78

Gbagbo, Laurent 2011 193, 196, 198, 199, 219, 220

GCP see Georgian Communist Party

GDP see gross domestic product

GDR see German Democratic Republic

gendarmeries, stockpiles 2006 40, 42, 43

gender


armed young men 2006 295–317

Bougainville conflict 2004 295


effects of gun violence 2001 213, 2003 147–8

firearm homicides, United States 2001 204, 239

firearm ownership and use 2013 17–18, 30–1

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 231, 243–4, 245, 246

firearm-related violence, South Sudan 2007 329


and intimate partner violence 2013 22–5, 33–4

Kyrgyzstan 2004 317

policing 2004 227, 235

victimization 2004 178, 179, 183–4, 194

Colombia 2006 228, 239

Haiti 2011 241

gender equality, firearm use 2014 64–75

gender-based violence 2014 1, 10–11

and Arms Trade Treaty 2014 35, 55–7, 87


Kenya 2014 70

risk 2008 252–3, 258–9, 2009 196, 197

refugees 2009 202

see also violence against women and girls

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), offset deals 2007 12

General Dynamics (United States)

acquisitions 2001 2002 12

MANPADS 2004 82

manucfaturing sectors 2005 59

most important companies 2003 15, 2004 27

ownership of Santa Barbara Sistemas 2002 37, 38, 2004 7

general-purpose machine guns (GPMGs) 2004 31

as light weapons 2008 10

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 268


Geneva Call 2009 182

anti-personnel mine ban 2010 309, 312, 313


and armed groups 2010 306, 307

children’s rights 2009 208, 209

new humanitarianism 2002 184

new wars 2002 174, 181

Protocols 1977 2002 179

supply-side controls 2001 223

supply-side humanitarianism 2002 182

Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development (2006) 2007 117, 127, 178, 2008

275, 2012 1, 2013 13, 18

Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) 2014 145

Geneva Process 2004 259, 262–3, 2009 137

genocide

complicity in 2007 131

international humanitarian law and enforcement 2002 180

Rwanda, accessibility thesis 2001 206–7





Georgia 2003 191–211

conflict, arms sourcing 2005 169, 171–2

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 192, 281, 2005 292

exports


irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 107





illicit transfers through

to Chechnya 2001 179–80, 2004 132

to Eritrea 2002 136

imports

grenade launchers 2011 26

mortars 2011 25



production 2002 57, 2003 38, 48


stockpiles 2004 54

weapons availability 2005 184


Georgian Communist Party (GCP) 2003 192

Georgian National Guard 2003 193–4, 195, 196, 197

Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) 2006 253

autonomy demands 2009 252, 253


demobilization 2009 249

human rights violations 2007 76, 78


reintegration 2009 260–8


German Democratic Republic (GDR) (East Germany)

ammunition

exports to Uganda 2007 293

stockpiles 2008 91, 93, 94

military stockpiles 2001 74–5, 76, 2006 43, 44, 46, 53



Germany

ammunition

production 2014 190


brokering

controls 2002 255, 256, 2004 150, 157, 159, 160, 161

licensing of 2004 154, 155, 156

civilian firearms, regulation 2011 266

control measures

brokering 2002 255, 256, 2004 150, 157, 159, 160, 161



MANPADS 2005 130–6


demilitarization industry 2013 188, 189, 190, 191, 203

destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 60, 2008 96, 97, 98



export controls

exceptions 2009 78





exports

to Africa 2003 118

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 15


classification of 2004 107, 108


Comtrade data 2009 8, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80

government data 2001 150

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133


to Kazakhstan 2012 120, 121, 134

list of importers 2005 106, 107, 108, 109, 2006 75, 76, 77, 78

military firearms 2002 115, 116, 2009 34, 39



national reporting 2002 119, 120, 124–5

parts 2012 255

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 21, 41

producer dependence on 2004 123, 125



shotguns 2002 114





tracing 2014 223

transparency 2003 98, 2004 4, 116, 117, 2005 112, 113, 2006 80, 81, 2007 74, 87, 88,

2009 8, 49, 2010 8, 13, 15, 2011 15, 16, 2012 292, 299, 300, 302, 305, 2013 182,

2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


value 2000 2003 103, 104

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 104

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 102, 103

value 2003 2006 65, 68, 70




and civilian ownership 2001 203, 239, 2004 53


gun crime 2007 51

illicit transfers from, to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133


border seizures 2005 115, 116

smuggled guns 2003 71

imports

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 16

Brazil 2004 123

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 12, 2013 180


list of exporters 2005 102, 103, 104, 105, 2006 68–73

parts 2012 256







from the United States 2001 154, 2003 106, 2004 120

value 1994–1998 2001 157

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 100, 108, 110

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 65

mafia homicides 2013 85





armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 104

production

export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27


licensed


licenses granted by 2007 29

MANPADS 2007 21

technology acquirers 2007 15

technology owners 2007 15, 16, 17


MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2007 21

manufacturing sectors 2005 46, 54, 56, 59, 61






stockpiles 2004 54, 56, 60

civilian holdings 2003 64, 69–70, 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 51–2



data on private legal firearms 2001 84, 86, 87



law enforcement 2006 40

lethality 2004 53

military 2006 45



transportation


licensing 2010 51



see also German Democratic Republic; Germany, Federal Republic

Germany, Federal Republic (West Germany), military stockpiles 2006 57

Ghana



exports 2005 105



illicit craft production 2003 29–30, 2005 47, 48, 2006 255, 258


imports 2003 117, 2004 113, 2006 72

MANPADS 2006 256



stockpiles, insurgents 2003 82

Giat Industries (France) 2002 31


Beretta 2001 32

financial indicators 2002 21

major companies 2003 15


most popular assault rifles 2001 20

survey of producers 2001 32, 2002 32–3

Gibraltar, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

GICHD see Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining

girls

child soldiers 2009 197, 2010 195

gang membership 2010 91–2, 185–203, 231

victimization 2010 198–9

violence against 2009 196

violence by 2010 193–7, 199–201

weapon use 2010 196–7

glasnost, Georgia 2003 192

Glatz, Anne-Kathrin 2006 144

Global Burden of Armed Violence, femicide rates 2013 23, 25

global cities 2007 162–3

global costs of small arms violence 2006 194–5, 200–2

global measures 2001 276–81, 2002 226


global positioning systems (GPS), mortar guidance systems 2008 27

Global Principles for International Arms Transfers 2007 130, 2014 78

global small arms industry 2001 9–17, 2002 10, 11–15, 2003 11–20

global small arms trade 2003 12–13, 100–2, 2004 100–14, 2006 65–78

2000–2006 2009 11–25

Global Witness 2004 112

globalization

arms brokers 2001 98

brokers 2001 105, 107–10, 129

cities 2007 163

effects of small arms 2001 199



transport agents 2001 112, 129

Glock (Austria)

exports

parts 2012 257




handguns used in crime in the US 2001 23




police handguns 2004 49, 57, 2011 74


Glock pistols 2009 42


Glock shotguns, gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 65

go-between countries, West African armed groups 2006 256

Godnick, William 2002 309

Golden Sentry end-use monitoring programme (United States) 2005 135, 2008 170

Golden Sentry programme (United States) 2014 125

Golden Wings 2007 82

González-Torres, Félix 2005 150–1

Good Friday Agreement (1998) (Northern Ireland) 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6

Goods for Guns (El Salvador) 2002 294, 295

Gorbachev, Mikhail, Georgia 2003 192

Goryunov SG43 machine gun, Burundi 2007 204

GoS see Government of Sudan

GoSS see Government of Southern Sudan

governance

and land disputes 2013 110–13

urban armed violence 2007 176–8, 180


violence reduction programmes 2007 179


Government Arsenal (Philippines), licensed production 2007 18

Government of National Unity (GNU) (Sudan) 2007 319, 320, 332

Government Rifle Factory (India) 2002 45

Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) 2007 318, 320

civilian disarmament 2007 327, 333–6

conflicts 2010 281–3

DDR 2007 332–3

disarmament policy 2010 283

local security arrangements 2007 339


Other Armed Groups 2007 321

relations with National Congress Party 2010 277–8

Government of Sudan (GoS)


militias in South Sudan 2007 319–25, 326

transfers from, to armed groups in South Sudan 2007 321

violence in South Sudan 2007 318–20

weapons supply to non-state armed groups 2014 235–7

government-to-government transfers


international 2009 9

governments

brokering


use of 2001 99

conflict goods 2002 140–1

control measures

brokering 2002 253, 254–6

Middle East 2003 79



domestic defence industry, central and eastern Europe 2003 37–9

effectiveness variable, weapons prices 2007 263, 264, 266, 281, 282, 283

former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3

human rights law 2002 179

illicit transfers


brokers 2001 97, 101–5

complicity in 2001 129

diversion from legal to illicit realm 2002 128–35

grey market 2001 166

violations of end-user certificates 2002 134–5

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 75–81

legal transfers 2001 141, 142, 147–55

information on exports 2003 98–102

national arms controls 2001 124–6

national export reporting 2002 117–23


production

regulation of producers 2001 7–8

Russian Federation 2004 15, 16

security and development 2003 154–5


firearms theft 2004 65


stockpile security 2004 54–60


transparency in the United States 2004 12

transport agents 2001 112

UNITA supply networks 2001 117


use of private military companies 2001 109

Yemen 2003 181–2

see also municipal governments; states

GPMGs see general-purpose machine guns

GPP see Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme; Group of Patriots for

Peace

graffiti, gangs 2010 69, 147, 217

Gramsh Weapons in Exchange for Development Pilot Programme (GPP) (Albania) 2002

298–300, 301–3

Grant, Oscar 2011 91–2

grass-roots initiatives, Central America 2001 257–8

Gray, Colin 2009 159, 181

GREAT see Gang Resistance Education and Training

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa 2003 307



countries of 2001 259

stockpiles 2003 80


Greater Upper Nile (South Sudan), non-state armed groups 2014 215

Greece

civilian ownership 2001 203, 239, 2003 64





exports

ammunition 2009 16




transparency 2012 291, 292, 302, 2013 182, 2014 129



value 2001 148



to Former Yugoslavia 2002 132

to the PKK 2001 176

illicit transfers to, ant trade from FRY 2003 71

imports




MANPADS 2004 87



value 2001 2004 110

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76


policing, human rights violations by police 2004 236



production


licensed 2002 45, 51, 2007 12, 15, 18, 21


MANPADS 2004 81




terrorism, November 17 2003 72

trends 2000 2003 104

Greek Powder and Cartridge Company (Pyrkal) 2001 38

‘green’ ammunition 2005 16–17

Green Boys (The Gambia) 2006 249

Greene, Owen 2007 41

Grenada




grenade launchers

Colombia 2006 218, 225




Georgia 2003 203–4

hand-held 2008 24

illicit

Mexico 2013 298–9, 302

Philippines 2013 307, 308





production


most important companies 2003 14–15, 2004 27


technological developments 2003 23–4, 25

stockpiles

military 2006 54

police 2001 69, 2006 43


US Army inventory (2001) 2002 84


types 2008 24–5

see also rocket-propelled grenade launchers

grenades

Burundi 2007 212, 213, 216, 219–20

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 60, 61, 63

Georgia 2003 203–4

illicit

Mexico 2013 298, 299, 301–2



producers

Brazil 2001 29

Chile 2001 30

production 2010 31


Somalia 2012 340


transfers 2010 10, 27–9, 30


grey market 2001 4, 167–70, 175–6, 179–80, 190

brokers 2001 95, 97, 101–2

Cold War 2001 168–9

definition 2007 74

definitions 2001 141, 165–6, 167, 2002 128

Eastern Europe 2001 175–6


post-Cold War trends 2001 168–9

regional surveys 2001 169–70

South Caucasus 2001 179–80

see also irresponsible small arms transfers

grievances, land conflicts 2013 114

GRIP see Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité

gross domestic product (GDP)

correlation to civilian holdings 2007 55, 57–60


demand, prices 2007 264, 265, 281, 282, 283


Group 4 Securicor see G4S

group insecurity, disarmament 2003 301

Group of Patriots for Peace (GPP) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249

group status, demand for small arms 2006 152–3

Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité (GRIP) 2002 247, 2006 96, 97,

258

Groupe Herstal (Belgium) 2001 31, 2002 31

Groupes pour l’autodéfense civile (Burundi) 2007 206

Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (Mexico) 2012 54, 71

gruppi di fuoco (fire groups) 2013 94–6

Guadalcanal 2005 30

Guatemala

conflict

deaths 2005 237, 240, 242–3, 246–7


control measures





DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 2005 290, 2009 184



impunity 2012 34

types of weapons 2012 25



gangs

gun ownership 2010 112, 113, 115




homicides 2009 227, 228


imports 2003 114–16, 2006 71




post-conflict deaths 2005 269, 270, 274



Private Security Companies 2001 220

personnel 2011 105

production 2001 16, 25, 52, 2002 57


thefts from civilian owners 2002 137, 138


Guatemala City, urban armed violence 2007 170–1

Guateng (South Africa), fatal injuries 2013 137

Guayaquil (Ecuador)

Barrio de Paz 2010 218–20, 223

gangs 2010 93, 209–24


membership 2010 106, 107, 210–11

rehabilitation programmes 2010 216–21

homicides 2010 219, 220

Guéï, Robert 2011 195, 196, 198

Guernsey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Guerrero, Rodrigo 2006 230

guerrillas

AK-47 2001 17

Colombia 2006 215, 216–17, 235


conflict-related civilian killings 2006 224

DDR 2006 233–4

illicit trafficking 2006 222–3



insurgent firearms 2001 77–83

Latin America, stockpiles 2003 87

mortars 2002 73

Nepal 2003 113

People’s War militaries 2006 47

prices and consumer taste 2002 70


see also insurgents; rebel groups

guided light weapons

definition 2008 16

held by non-state actors 2008 32–3

guided light weapons systems, Somalia 2012 339–40

guided weapon systems 2005 46

Guinea

armed groups

children in 2006 251

command structures 2006 252


sources of weapons 2006 255

state forces acting as 2006 259

stockpiles 2003 82

typology 2006 249


destruction programmes

MANPADS 2008 101




to Liberia 2002 132, 2004 131, 2005 169, 2006 256

to Sierra Leone 2001 172

imports 2004 113


MANPADS 2006 256


production 2001 16, 52, 2002 57

refugee camps 2005 273

Guinea-Bissau



imports 2004 113

resource conflict 2013 116

Gujarat massacre (2002) 2003 59–60

Gulabi Gang (India) 2013 23

weapons 2010 197

Gulf War (1990–1991) 2005 269, 2006 9–10

post-conflict mortality 2009 222

gun culture

Burundi 2007 216–17

civilian ownership 2007 58, 59, 62

connection with violence 2007 40

Europe 2003 63, 66–9

Kosovo 2005 205–23

Middle East 2005 90

Pacific 2003 88


Yemen 2007 45

Gun Destruction Day 2003 60

Gun Experiment (Kansas City, United States) 2006 312

Gun Project (Boston United States) 2006 148, 155, 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246

gun-free zones 2005 281, 282


South Africa 2006 152, 156, 157

guns see firearms

gunsmiths 2005 46–9, 51–3

Guyana 2001 254




illicit transfers to Brazil 2007 306


Guzmán, Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ 2012 63

H&K see Heckler & Koch

Haaning, Jens 2005 154

Habyarimana, Juvenal 2007 199

Hadash, Salah 2003 184

HAEI see Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry

Hague Appeal for Peace, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security 2014 37

Hague Conventions (1899) 2002 179, 2005 22

Haiti

armed forces, attitudes towards 2011 243

children affected by violence 2009 203, 204

Citizen’s Forum 2011 233

community security mechanisms 2009 233, 238

conflict, arms sourcing to 2005 160, 163–5, 172

crime 2011 231, 238–42, 255

perceptions of 2011 240

perpetrators of 2011 247

property crime 2011 241–2


violent crime 2011 240

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 288, 2009 184, 187, 237


peace agreements 2003 283

UNDP 2003–2006 2005 72, 289, 292, 293

UNMIH 1993–1996 2003 283, 293

US Army peace-building 1994–1995 2002 302, 311, 2003 280


earthquake (2010) 2011 229, 230, 236


firearms

private ownership 2011 247–9


gangs 2010 308

armed 2011 253–5

girl members 2010 190, 197

household surveys 2011 239, 240


international aid 2011 236–8

judicial system, reform 2011 233

military collapse 2008 60


police force

abuses by 2011 233–4, 246–7

arrests by 2011 236, 237

perceptions of 2011 4, 242–6, 250, 255

post-earthquake 2011 236–8

pre-earthquake 2011 235–6

policing


use of automatic rifles 2005 183

political groups, violence by 2011 254–5


post-conflict demand for weapons 2005 281




prisons 2011 235

‘rebel army’ 2011 231–3

security sector

attitudes towards 2011 4, 6, 242–6, 255


security sector reform (SSR) 2011 2, 6, 249–55

urban conflict 2010 197

urban political armed violence 2007 173–4

weapons lotteries 2009 240

Haitian National Police (HNP)

arrests by 2011 236, 237

creation of 2011 230, 231


perceptions of 2011 6, 242–6, 250, 255

post-earthquake 2011 236–8


and rebel army 2011 232–3

reinforcing 2011 249–52

al Hakimi, Abdul Salam 2007 45

halfway-house arrangements, post-conflict security 2009 236

HALO Trust, Georgia 2003 210

Hamas

Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15

firearms 2010 122



stockpiles 2003 78

hand grenades

Colombia 2006 223, 226


production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18

Somalia 2012 340

hand-held grenade launchers 2008 24

handguns

border seizures 2005 115–16

Brazil, urban violence 2007 228, 231

changing patterns of ownership 2007 63


national control of civilian ownership 2002 264, 265, 268–9

exports




illicit

Mexico 2013 291, 298–9

United States 2014 245, 256, 257, 259, 260

imported into United States 2001 26–7, 2003 106, 2009 8



personalized 2011 79–80

police use 2011 74

production

Brazil 2001 29–30

licensed 2007 18, 20, 21–2

most important companies 2003 14–15

United States 2001 26, 2003 17, 18

unlicensed 2007 20

safety features 2011 78–9


stockpiles

Africa 2003 83

Europe 2003 67, 69, 2006 83

military 2006 53, 54, 55–6

police 2001 69, 70, 2006 42–3

technological developments 2003 22, 23, 2011 77–8

used in crime 2001 22–3

see also pistols; revolvers

Handicap International 2014 163, 166, 168

handloading 2005 15–16, 17

Haqqani Network, suicide bombings 2013 238

Harkat ul-Ansar (HUA) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

harmonization

control 2002 236

marking, ammunition 2002 245


Harmonized System (HS), customs codes 2009 10, 26, 27

‘harvest guerrillas’, South Sudan 2007 320

HAT see Haute Autorité de la Transition

Haute Autorité de la Transition (HAT) (High Transitional Authority) (Madagascar) 2011 176,

179, 180

H.Cegielski-Poznan (Poland) 2003 42

HDI see Human Development Index

health

availability of small arms 2003 128

ballistics 2001 240

care resources 2001 215




civilian firearms users 2011 276–7

costs of gun violence, Uganda 2003 134–5

effects on human development 2003 132


indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60

indirect effects of small arms 2001 214–18


post-conflict 2005 272–4, 2009 222–3

violence-induced displacement 2002 160

healthcare services

accounting for the cost of gun violence 2003 133, 135


civilian disabilities 2002 164–5

costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 195–7, 199, 201, 202–4, 207–8

effects of small arms misuse on human development 2003 131, 132, 141

firearm-related injuries 2002 166

Palestinian territories 2002 165

victims of firearms violence, Burundi 2007 214–15

HEAT see high-explosive, anti-tank rounds

heavy machine guns (HMGs)



Iraq 2012 321

lethality 2008 12




production 2004 31–2, 34, 46


types 2008 21–2

Heckler & Koch (H&K) (Germany)

ammunition 2011 77

company profile (2000) 2002 34, 39–40

exports

to India 2003 112

to Nepal 2003 113


joint ventures 2004 7



exports by licensees 2002 53

G3 assault rifle 2007 8

G36 rifle 2007 12, 26

HK33E assault rifle 2007 12

Iran 2002 18

irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 27

Middle East 2002 41, 48–53


as technology owner 2007 16

worldwide 2002 51

machine guns 2001 20, 21, 2003 22

major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 28, 29




ownership of 2001 2002 12



Turkey 2002 20

weapons used in humans rights abuses 2004 126

Heckler & Koch (United States), military procurement 2006 24

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 2003 79

Hela region (Papua New Guinea), armed violence 2006 166, 169, 174, 176, 178, 180–2

Hellenic Arms Industry (EBO) (Greece) 2001 38, 2005 57

licensed production 2002 45, 51, 53, 2007 18

Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Aceh 2009 249, 253, 256–7

Henry Repeating Arm Co. (United States) 2005 54

Hezbollah

arms supply 2009 322, 332

conflict use 2005 187, 196

covert transfers from, to Somalia 2007 94


explosives supply 2013 232–3

firearms 2010 122



illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131


MANPADS 2004 89, 93

public attitudes 2009 331

relations with state 2010 117

RPG-7 2004 37

stockpiles 2003 79

support for 2009 326–7

training 2013 242

High Transitional Authority (Madagascar) see Haute Autorité de la Transition

high-explosive, anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, Iraq 2012 323–4

High-Power pistol, licensed production 2007 18

High-Precision Weapons Corporation (Russian Federation) 2003 19, 2004 15

high-tech electronics production 2005 46, 58–62, 63–4

hijackings, Georgia 2003 209

Hirtenberger (Austria) 2002 21, 30, 2005 57

Hisbah Groups (Nigeria) 2006 249

HIV/AIDS


treating injuries 2001 216

Hizbollah see Hezbollah

Hizbul Mujahideen (HM) (Kashmir), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

HK MP-43 machine gun 2003 22

HK MP5 sub-machine gun

licensed production

exports 2002 53

Iran 2002 18, 52

Turkey 2001 40, 2002 20

worldwide 2002 50, 51

most popular machine guns 2001 19, 20

HK21 Series machine gun 2001 20, 21

HK33 assault rifles 2001 40, 2002 50, 51

HK33E assault rifle, licensed production 2007 12

HMGs see heavy machine guns

HN-5 MANPADS 2004 82, 84, 88


Bolivia 2008 102

destruction of 2008 100, 102

HNP see Haitian National Police

hollow-point bullets 2005 23

holographic sights 2012 266

Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) (Uganda) 2006 275, 277

home-made explosives

Palestine 2003 78

use in IEDs 2013 237–41

home-made guns see craft-produced weapons

home-made production see craft production

home-made weapons see craft-produced weapons

Homicho Ammunition Engineering Industry (HAEI) (Ethiopia) 2014 205

homicides


Africa 2004 192–3


Brazil 2007 230–3


Canada 2004 62, 68


Colombia 2002 164, 2006 215, 216–17, 223–32, 234–5, 236–8


drug-related 2012 51

England and Wales 2002 271



Trinidad and Tobago 2010 129, 141

United States 2010 132–5, 146

gender ratio 2013 23–4

global 2002 156–7, 160

Guatemala, urban armed violence 2007 170–1

Haiti 2007 173–4

Iraq 2004 44


Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50, 52–4, 69


mafia 2013 83–8

murder-suicides 2013 26–7

Nicaragua 2013 49

Pacific 2004 295

Pakistan, Karachi 2007 175

Papua New Guinea 2006 169, 170, 174, 184

proportion using firearms, Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 11–13, 16

relationship of perpetrator to victim 2013 24

South Africa 2013 133, 135–6

South Sudan 2007 329, 330–1

substitution effect 2004 186–90

Thailand 2004 71

trends, Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 14–15

United Kingdom 2002 271, 2004 189

United States, correlation to city size 2007 165, 166

urban violence 2007 164–7, 170–1, 173–4


Venezuela, urban violence 2007 186

women see femicide

Yemen 2003 181–5


see also firearm deaths; firearm homicides

Homies Unidos 2010 222–3

Honduras

conflict


sourcing 2005 162

control measures

Citizen Security Committees 2001 257–8



DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 290, 293

drug trafficking, and illicit arms trade 2012 31–2



types of weapons used 2012 28

firearm homicides and suicides, homicides 2000 2001 232

gangs





to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 162

to Mexico 2001 189

imports 2004 110, 2005 106, 2006 71

insecurity 2002 166, 195

police, extrajudicial executions of children 2004 236

prices




Hong Kong

exports


irresponsible transfers from 2007 99, 101, 103, 104, 106


gangs, gendered structure 2010 193



production 2005 61

Horn of Africa see Great Lakes and Horn of Africa

hospital admissions

Burundi 2007 214–15



Papua New Guinea 2006 170–1, 172, 174

hostages, Somali pirates 2012 200

Houphouët-Boigny, Felix 2011 195, 197, 220

household-name producers 2005 45, 53–5, 63

Houston, Texas (United States), illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

Houston Police Department (HPD), illicit weapons data 2014 250, 263–5

HRW see Human Rights Watch

HS see Harmonized System

HS Product (Croatia) 2003 45, 2005 54, 55

HSBA see Human Security Baseline Assessment

HSM see Holy Spirit Movement

Hug, Peter 2007 54, 55

Human Development Index (HDI)

Brazil 2007 245

Kazakhstan 2012 109


Yemen 2003 171–2

human development indicators, homicides 2001 232–3

human rights 2004 1–2

Algeria 2004 102

brokering 2004 161



Colombia 2006 234

corporate social responsibility 2011 139–41, 151–8





Haiti 2007 174

humanitarian law 2001 222–5, 2007 136

Indonesia 2004 99

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 75–81, 98–107


Nepal 2003 113

norms 2003 219–20

policing 2004 4, 213–43


shift to rights-based approach 2002 178

supply-side control 2001 223

transfer controls, implementation of international humanitarian law 2007 136

transfers 2004 99, 125–33


UN Review Conference (2006) 2007 119, 124

violations in conflict 2002 155–93

violence and crime 2002 176–92, 2004 173


human rights law



Human Rights Watch (HRW) 2004 1

Haiti 2007 174

monitoring of abuses by security personnel 2011 142

monitoring UN embargoes 2004 127, 271

Monrovia, Liberia 2005 183

stigmatization of transfers to human rights abusers 2002 183–4


surplus military weapons 2006 25

tracing of weapons involved in human rights abuses 2004 127


violations of ECOWAS moratorium 2004 112

violence against women by police in Gujarat 2002 2004 235


Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) 2010 278

Sudan 2007 317

Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) (Sudan)

ammunition profiling 2014 181, 183

Arms and Ammunition Tracing Desk 2014 213–14, 238–9

tracing process 2014 219–23

weapons among armed actors 2014 225–35

weapons among non-state actors 2014 235–8

working methods 2014 224

human security movement 2004 173

global norms 2003 228, 230

Human Security Report (HSR) 2005 238–9, 247

humanitarian agencies


disruption of aid 2001 224

impacts of small arms 2002 157

military protection for personnel 2002 189–90

safety of personnel 2002 188–9

security personnel 2002 191


humanitarian agreements 2010 312

humanitarian approach

new humanitarianism 2002 181, 184–6

operational perspective 2002 181, 186–92

supply-side 2002 181, 182–4


Humanitarian Coalition on Small Arms 2002 183–4

humanitarian engagement, armed groups 2010 306–15

humanitarian impacts 2002 6, 155–93, 2003 125–59

data 2002 158

Georgia 2003 206–7

global norms 2003 228, 230

indicators 2002 157–60

new wars 2002 173–6

UN response to 2002 176

humanitarian international 2002 178





enforcement 2002 180

humanization of 2002 179–81

new wars 2002 174–6


see also international humanitarian law

humanitarian operations

armed protection 2002 191

conflict deaths 2005 252–3

Georgia 2003 210

impartiality 2002 185–6, 189–90


military involvement 2002 189–90

politization of 2002 185–6

post-conflict phase 2005 269

protection, definition 2002 190

safety, definition 2002 190

security, definition 2002 190

security of personnel 2002 186–92


humanitarianism, definition 2002 177–8

Hun Sen 2006 120–2, 123, 2008 96, 98

Hungary


brokering 2004 153, 156, 157, 160, 161




exports 2003 41, 2009 30






military firearms 2009 35, 38, 39

transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 292, 300, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134





production


government control 2003 37–8

licensed 2007 15, 17–19, 18



survey of producers 2001 35, 36, 37, 52, 2002 57, 2003 38, 41–2

Hungerford (UK) 2009 171

hunting weapons

Algeria, irresponsible transfers to 2007 77

Brazil

exports to the United States 2007 95–6

rural violence 2007 228, 231


patterns of 2007 63

exports 2002 113–14, 115, 2006 68–73

from Russia 2003 110–11

WSFA data 2002 124, 125



Kazakhstan, imports 2012 120

Kosovo 2005 214

Morocco 2005 86–7


Pacific 2003 88

see also sporting firearms

Hutus, Burundi 2007 199–203, 207, 221

hydrogen peroxide, use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 238

hypercities 2007 162

IACP see International Association of Chiefs of Police

IADB see Inter-American Development Bank

IANSA see International Action Network on Small Arms

IATA see International Air Transport Association

IBDB see Instrument Building Design Bureau

IBIS see Integrated Ballistics Identification System

Ibis Air International 2001 104

ICAO see International Civil Aviation Organization

ICC see Integrated Command Center; International Criminal Court

ICCE see Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli

ICCPR see International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

ICD see World Health Organization, International Classification of Diseases

Iceland 2005 61, 2006 27

ICG see International Crisis Group

ICHRP see International Council on Human Rights Policy

ICoC see International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers

ICRC see International Committee of the Red Cross

ICRG see International Country Risk Guide

ICU see Islamic Courts Union

ICVS see International Crime Victims Survey

IDB see Inter-American Development Bank

IDDRS see United Nations (UN), Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration

Standards

Idema, Jonathan Keith 2005 195

identity

demand for small arms 2006 144, 149, 152–3


Yemen 2003 179, 185, 186

young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 302, 304–7

ideology



IDF see Israel Defense Forces

IDPs see internally displaced persons

IDSA see Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses

IEDs see improvised explosive devices

IFM see Isatabu Freedom Movement

IFOR see Implementation Force

IGAD see Inter-Governmental Authority on Development

Ignatieff, Michael, human rights 2002 178, 181

IHL see international humanitarian law

IHRL see international human rights law

IIC see international import certificate

IICD see Independent International Commission on Decommissioning

IISS see International Institute for Strategic Studies

Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon (Muslim Brotherhood) 2010 261–2

Ikonga Akindou, Germain 2014 163–4

illegal transfers, definition 2007 74

illicit production

China 2002 96

control measures, Inter-American Convention 2001 253

definition 2001 9

illicit transfers 2001 165–89, 2002 109–11, 128–45, 2005 113–16


Africa 2001 170–5, 2003 118–19

Americas 2001 184–9

Argentina 2007 29


Asia 2001 180–4

Brazil 2004 70, 2012 30

brokering 2001 4, 95–130, 2002 254–5, 2004 141–66

Canada 2004 68


chain of possibilities 2002 110

Colombia 2001 106–7, 168–9, 178–9, 187–9, 2003 116, 2004 128, 129–30, 2006 85, 87,

217, 219

to conflict zones 2005 159–73



ASEAN initiatives 2001 267–8

customs procedures 2010 58

EU initiatives 2001 269



Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 256–7

legal transfers 2007 117, 122–4


data on 2006 88

definitions 2001 141, 165–6, 167, 2002 111, 128, 2007 74

disturbing legal transfers 2001 155–6

ECOWAS 2004 112

effect of legal transfers 2001 141


Europe 2001 175–80

from the Former Yugoslavia 2003 111

fuelled by DDR programmes 2005 285–6

grey market 2001 141

insurgency weapons 2001 78–9, 83

Iraq 2012 328


Italy 2013 93–4

Kyrgyzstan 2004 311, 322–4


links with drugs trafficking



links to legal transfers 2002 128–39, 206

MANPADS 2004 88–9, 90, 92–3

marking 2002 244–5

Mexico 2004 52



from non-EU Europe 2003 108

Pacific 2004 277, 285–90

parts, marking 2012 226


prices 2007 264

prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65

production sectors 2005 46–7

to the Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2

scope 2001 166–9

from Serbia 2004 103

to Sierra Leone 2001 119–23, 170, 171–3

South America 2006 65, 83–7

stockpile management and security 2002 258

stolen firearms 2004 60–1


to Sudan 2001 173–5, 2007 320–1

tracing of 2009 107–31

transit countries

Bangladesh 2002 143–5


Thailand 2002 142–3

Yemen 2004 102

transport by sea 2002 144

transportation 2010 44–5

to Uganda, Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 325

UN Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 238–9

UN Programme of Action 2002 208–9, 222

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 280–1, 282, 2002 203–31, 228

to UNITA in Angola 2001 116–19, 173, 2002 131–3, 134, 249, 2004 130, 265, 269

of weapons produced under licence 2007 28–31

see also ant trade; black market; diversions; illicit weapons; smuggling; trafficking;

unauthorised retransfers

illicit weapons

Afghanistan 2012 2–3, 7





Africa 2003 80, 81, 2004 194, 198

ammunition, prices 2013 261–8, 275–9

amnesties 2004 57, 59, 71, 188, 298–300, 303

Australia 2004 185

bought by police officers for others 2006 39

Canada 2004 68


China 2002 96–7, 2003 86

Chinese 2014 253, 261, 268

Colombia 2006 215, 219, 220–1, 222–3

confiscation, International Tracing Instrument 2006 107

cost/benefit of 2006 150, 153–8

craft-produced, Mexico 2013 293


definitions 2012 314, 2013 284–5

International Tracing Instrument 2006 104–5, 109


European unregistered guns 2003 70–2

Iraq 2012 2–3, 7







Latin America 2004 24, 51, 52

Mexico 2013 2, 5, 283–302, 311–12



sources 2013 294–8

types and models 2013 289–94

nicknames 2013 259

Pacific 2004 298–300, 303

Pakistan 2002 100, 2004 195

Philippines 2002 98–9, 2013 2, 5, 283–6, 302–12


sources 2013 309–11

prices 2013 2, 5, 251–79

ammunition 2013 261–8, 275–9

correlation with conflict 2013 271–3


Kalashnikovs 2013 258–9, 274

and local security-related conditions 2013 269–73

volatility 2013 259–61

Somalia 2012 2–3, 7, 336–47

sources 2012 348–9, 2013 312

Mexico 2013 294–8


Thailand 2004 71

tracing cooperation 2006 108–9


United States 2014 6, 245–68

war zones 2012 2–3, 7, 313–49

see also illicit transfers

Ilyushin-18, use in diversion of weapons 2008 116, 117

Ilyushin-76, use in diversion of weapons 2008 115, 120, 124

image-intensifying sights 2012 266

IMB see International Maritime Bureau

IMBEL see Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil

IMI see Israel Military Industries

imitation guns, definitions of small arms 2003 59

IML see Instituto de Medicina Lega

immunization 2002 170, 172–3

IMO see International Maritime Organization

impact evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312

Implementation Force (IFOR), disarmament 2003 283, 299, 300

import licences

brokers and transport agents 2001 124



import marks, weapons tracing 2009 118–20, 2012 225

importers, Comtrade data 2011 2014 111–12

importing state, definition 2009 64

imports

ammunition 2010 8

shotgun shell parts 2010 26–7

shotgun shells 2010 25–6

small-calibre 2009 16–17

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23–4

ATGWs 2011 31–3

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 217–21, 236

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 11–25, 52

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 115–16


control measures





customs data to 1999 2001 156–8

customs data 1999 2002 112–17

customs data 2000 2003 98–120

customs data 2001 100–1, 2004 108–14

customs data 2002 2005 97, 116–17

customs data 2003 2006 65–78

documented 2011 20


European Union 2003 103–5

grenade launchers 2011 25–6

Kazakhstan 2012 119–22, 133–4

Kyrgyzstan 2004 313


MANPADS 2011 33–5


International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 99, 100, 106–7


Middle East, 1993–2000 2002 16

military small arms and light weapons 2009 23–5

mortars 2011 24–5


non-EU Europe 2003 111

Pacific 2004 280–2, 303

parts 2012 248–50, 256, 260–1

pistols and revolvers 2009 20–2

portable rocket launchers 2011 27–9

Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 270–2


South Asia 2003 111–12

sporting shotguns 2009 17–20



UN Firearms Protocol, marking 2002 240–1

United States 2003 105–6, 2004 13

value 2002 2005 98

value 2003 99–100

Yemen 2003 172–7

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 2, 4–5, 219–43

Afghanistan 2012 330, 349

civilian casualties 2013 219–20, 224–32

command-operated 2013 221, 227

commercial explosives 2013 235–7

detecting 2013 228–9

from diverted weapons 2008 61

home-made explosives 2013 237–41

impact of 2013 224–32

improvised explosive projectiles 2013 223

indiscriminate 2013 227–30

Iraq 2008 14, 61, 2012 319, 327

knowledge proliferation 2013 241–3

Mexico 2013 300

military explosives 2013 232–5


sources of components 2013 232–43

suicide bomber-operated 2013 221–2, 229–30

time-delayed 2013 220, 227–8


use by non-state actors 2008 14–15, 31, 2010 123

victim-operated 2013 221, 228–9

improvised explosive projectiles 2013 223

improvised rocket-assisted mortar/munitions (IRAMs) 2013 223

IMU see Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

IMZ see Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod

in-transit procedures, control, OAS Model Regulations 2001 255

INA see Indústria Nacional de Armas

incentives, weapons collection 2002 286, 287, 303, 305–6

income

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 235

prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 263, 264, 265

INDEP (Portugal) 2002 51, 53

independence conflicts, Georgia 2003 191–6

Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) 2002 292, 2003 285

India

black-market prices for AK47 rifle 2002 66


licences 2011 282



conflict


Gujarat massacre 2002 2003 59–60

control measures



regional cooperation on small arms 2002 216



explosives, thefts 2013 236

exports 2005 101





to Nepal 2003 113

transparency 2010 13, 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

value 2003 2006 72

gender inequality 2013 34

illicit transfers from, to non-state actors 2002 129


Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–4

from Pakistan 2001 181


imports

from Bulgaria 2003 108


lack of data on 2004 101

MANPADS 2004 87

parts 2012 260–1


trends 2000 2003 112



militias 2010 270

police service, women 2014 72

police weapons 2010 114

policing


violence against women by police 2004 235

prices

AK47 rifles 2002 66



armed 2011 112, 113, 114, 115


personnel 2011 105

production


illicit production 2001 46–7

licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 11, 15, 18


manufacturing 2005 61



stockpiles

civilian holdings 2002 80, 101, 2007 47–9, 62


estimates 2007 53

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 2001 80

military 2002 100–1, 2006 56, 57

paramilitary forces 2001 71–2


indicators

correlation to civilian holdings 2007 57–60



evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 312–13

humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157–60

el Indio Viejo 2013 57, 58, 61

indirect conflict deaths

compared to direct deaths 2005 253, 254–6, 257–9

counting 2005 233–41, 251–7

definition 2005 232

global estimates 2005 230, 256–7

indirect counter-trade arrangements 2007 10–11

indirect offsets 2007 12

Individual Airburst Weapon System 2010 33, 34

individual insecurity, disarmament 2003 301

individual transfers, international 2009 9

individualism, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 245

Indonesia

Aceh peace agreement 2009 252–3


Bappenas 2009 257, 258

black-market prices for M16 rifle 2002 67

DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2005 291, 2009 185

exports 2001 148, 2002 114


human rights violations 2007 76, 77–9

illicit transfers to, Thailand as a transit country 2002 143

imports


human rights 2004 99, 128, 130–1

irresponsible transfers to 2007 76, 77–9, 101



value 2002 2005 106



policing 2004 225–6, 233, 235

prices


M16 rifles 2002 67

prices and consumer taste 2002 70

production


illicit 2001 46

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18





civilian holdings, estimates 2007 53


military 2006 57

stockpile security 2004 55, 56

see also Aceh

INDUMIL see Industria Militar (INDUMIL)

Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL) (Brazil)


exports 2003 114




of FN FAL 2007 18


survey of producers 2001 29–30, 2004 21, 22

Industria Militar (INDUMIL) (Colombia) 2006 217–19, 222, 223


illicit craft production by FARC 2004 24

Llama revolver 2012 30


Indústria Nacional de Armas (INA) (Brazil)

manufacturers of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23


industrial demilitarization see demilitarization industry

industrialization


urbanization 2007 164, 168

Industrias Ruiz Cabañas (Mexico) 2004 24–5

Industrias Technos Aquila (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 24–5

inequality

driver of armed violence 2013 133, 145–6, 152

effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 140–1

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 233, 234, 235, 236–8, 245, 246, 247

urban violence 2007 167, 168–9, 176–8

infant mortality, Yemen 2003 172

infantry, military stockpiles 2006 46–50

infantry support weapons, military procurement 2006 14–15

Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC), Small Armed Violence Surveillance System 2014 23


information sharing


marking 2002 244

MERCOSUR 2001 258

NGOs 2002 243

norms 2003 231

infrastructure


Georgia 2003 210

Ingram (United States) 2004 31

Ingwe ATGW 2011 30

inheritance of weapons, Yemen 2003 178

injuries see firearm injuries; knife/sharp instrument injuries; non-lethal armed violence

Inno-Coop (Hungary) 2001 37

innovation 2003 20–3

Inoguchi, Kuniko 2004 58

INSAS automatic rifle 2006 16, 55

INSEC see Informal Sector Service Centre

insecurity


Burundi 2007 209–15, 219–20

Cambodia 2002 296

Colombia 2006 215, 216–17, 230–4


development programmes 2003 148–9


Georgia 2003 205–7

Honduras 2002 166


legal transfers 2001 159

long-term effects 2002 171–3

Nicaragua 2002 166

Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 169, 170, 172–4, 180–2


privatization of security 2003 139–40


Uganda 2006 287–8, 289

urban violence 2007 161–2, 169


political 2007 175

slums 2007 168–9

weapons collection 2002 296, 304–5

Institute of Community and Public Health, effects on human development 2003 132

Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA) 2001 143

Institute for Religious Studies (ISER) (Brazil) 2001 23

Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (South Africa) 2001 143, 262–3

Institutional Revolution Party see Partido Revolucionario Institucional

Instituto de Criminalistica Carlos Éboli (ICCE) (Brazil) 2007 301, 302

Instituto de Estudos da Religião (ISER) (Brazil) 2007 229

Instituto de Medicina Lega (Institute of Forensic Medicine) (IML) (El Salvador) 2012 10

Instrument Building Design Bureau (IBDB) (Russia) 2002 123, 2003 110

instrumentality theory 2004 186–90

insurance premium costs, field workers 2003 148

insurgencies

Constabulary military doctrine 2006 50–1

importers 2006 74

Mexico, illicit transfers to 2001 189



insurgent groups




Philippines, illicit weapons 2013 302–11

small arms 2010 102–5, 116–24

see also insurgents

insurgent holdings 2001 77–83, 2002 80–3

Afghanistan 2002 102, 2003 73–6

Africa 2003 80, 81, 84

Colombia 2003 87


distribution 2001 2002 103

Europe 2002 88–90

global stockpiles 2001 89, 2002 74, 103, 2004 4

Indonesia 2002 98

Iran 2002 90

Israel 2002 90–4



Nepal 2002 101–2



second-hand equipment 2002 66


small arms attrition 2001 81


Southeast Asia 2002 97–9


insurgents

becoming legitimate authorities 2001 82–3


fluctuations in demand 2001 81–2

Georgia 2005 171–2

Haiti 2005 163–6



Bangladesh as a transit country 2002 143–5

Thailand as a transit country 2002 142–3

India 2001 181

Liberia 2005 167–9

Mali 2005 165–7

MANPADS 2002 116

mortars 2002 73

new wars 2002 175

organizational factors 2005 188–99

Philippines 2001 183–4, 2003 34

resources 2005 186–7

Sierra Leone 2001 171–3

structure 2005 188

Sudan 2001 174–5

Tajikistan 2005 169–71

see also insurgent groups

Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS), Latin America 2012 25

Integrated Command Center (ICC) (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 193, 218–19

integration, Sierra Leone 2003 308

intellectual property, licensed production 2002 42–3, 2007 8–10, 23–6, 31

intelligence, EU Code of Conduct 2001 270

intelligence agencies

stockpiles 2006 43

use of private military companies 2001 109

intentional transfers, definition 2002 111

Inter-American Convention see Organization of American States (OAS), Inter-American

Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition,

Explosives, and Other Related Materials

Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against

Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) 2013 35

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)

costs of violence 2001 4, 217


post-conflict security promotion 2009 237

urban violence in Caracas 2007 173, 186

Violence Prevention programme 2008 275

Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) 2001 253, 255–6

inter-ethnic violence, South Sudan 2007 317

Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) (Kenya) 2001 262–4, 265

Somalia 2007 92

inter-personal violence, Yemen 2003 180

inter-state co-operation






intergroup fighting, Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 170, 172–4

interim stabilization, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 233, 234–7

Interior Ministries (Republic of the Congo) 2003 269

interior ministry personnel, stockpiles 2006 43

Interlaken process 2004 270

interlocutors, NGOs 2002 243

internal conflicts

demand, prices 2007 263, 265, 266

developing countries 2003 127

international humanitarian law 2002 179


new wars and humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 269–71, 281, 282, 283


see also civil wars; intra-state conflicts

internal transfers, definition 2001 167

internalization, norms 2003 222

internally displaced persons (IDPs)


disease 2002 169–70


former Yugoslavia and Balkans 2001 200–1

Georgia 2003 209–10




militarization of refugee camps 2005 273, 274

Uganda 2006 275, 278, 280–1, 288, 289

violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9

International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA)


codes of conduct 2002 183–4

creation 2001 277




marking and tracing 2002 247, 2006 97

monitoring of implementation of Programme of Action 2004 2, 259–62

NGOs 2002 242

and UN Resolution 1325 2014 35

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 203, 217, 247

women and small arms control 2014 54–5

international aid

cost-benefit analysis 2006 195

domestic violence prevention 2014 19–20






International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2001 112

Recommended Practice 1630 2010 61–2

International Alert 2004 259, 2011 154–5, 157

NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security 2014 37

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) 2004 223

International Bodyguard Association, Women’s Bureau 2014 75

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) 2002 64, 205

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2001 112, 2005 129, 136, 2010 59

International Classification of Disease (ICD) 2002 162

International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997) 2001 257, 2007 128, 2014 78

International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers (ICoC) 2011 125–6, 135, 140,

151, 157

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)


in Bosnia 2005 234


deaths of humanitarian personnel 2002 187

engagement with armed groups 2010 307, 308–9

expanding bullets 2005 22

expelled from Ethiopia 2010 315

Georgia 2003 210

humanitarian impacts of small arms 2002 157

humanitarianism 2002 178

IHL indicators 2007 136, 137

impartiality 2002 185–6

Israel, human rights violations 2007 79


People on War Report 2001 210

security of personnel 2001 226, 228, 2002 188, 189

international control measures 2001 251–83


air transportation 2010 49–50

ammunition 2005 22–5, 28–9


brokers 2001 96–7, 98, 101, 103–5, 127–9, 130

data on small arms 2001 61–2



MANPADS 2005 127–9

marking 2002 244, 245–7


transfers 2007 122–4, 128–37

transport agents 2001 103–5, 130

International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods 2014 91

International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System 2009

10

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 2012 211

international cooperation



International Council on Human Rights Policy (ICHRP) 2006 248

International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), government effectiveness and weapons prices 2007

266

International Court of Justice (ICJ), complicity in violations of international law 2007 131

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 2002 179, 2004 214, 216–17

International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1976) 2002 179

International Crime Victimization Survey 2013 31

International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS) 2003 147, 2004 179

firearm ownership 2007 171

non-lethal armed violence 2012 89–90, 91


urbanization and violence 2007 164

International Criminal Court (ICC) 2002 177, 179, 2005 22, 2006 276

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)

crime statistics 2003 158

crime in Yemen 2003 180


International Tracing Instrument 2006 98, 110–11

marking and tracing 2002 241, 245, 2006 98, 110–11


SARPCCO 2003 237



weapons tracing 2009 122

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) 2005 242

International Crisis Group (ICG) 2005 183

international customs data 2004 101, 108, 116

international human rights law (IHRL), and armed groups 2010 306

international humanitarian law (IHL) 2001 223–4, 2002 179–81

and armed groups 2010 306–10, 316, 318, 324




and private security companies 2011 109, 151, 152–3

transfer controls 2007 132, 136

welfare of non-combatants 2001 215


international import certificate (IIC) 2002 250, 2008 163

definition 2009 64

International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)

Armed Conflict Database 2007 76

conflict deaths 2005 238–9, 241–2, 244, 245–9

international law

armed conflict 2007 75

complicity in violations of 2007 131, 132

customary 2003 216–18

extra-territorial jurisdiction, brokering 2002 255–6


irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 74


norms 2003 216–18, 224–5

transfers 2007 130–2, 136–7

International Law Commission (ILC) 2007 131

International Maritime Bureau (IMB), Somali piracy data 2012 192, 195

International Maritime Organization (IMO), Somali piracy 2012 191, 205–6, 208–9, 211

international mediators, disarmament 2003 287

International Monetary Fund (IMF), Cambodia 2006 121–2

International Narcotics Control Program (Plan Colombia) 2005 161

international non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6

International Organization for Migration (IOM) 2005 281

Aceh reintegration programme 2009 258–9, 267–8

firearm casualties in Congo-Brazzaville 2002 164

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 264–73, 279

weapons collection in the Republic of the Congo 2002 300–1, 2003 255

international organizations

norms 2003 219


International Peace Information Service 2004 127

International Peace Institute (IPI), Lebanon security survey 2009 331

International Peace Monitoring Team (IPMT) 2004 298–9

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), Aiming for Prevention

Programme 2008 292

international politics, norms 2003 220–2

international regulations, civilain firearms 2011 263–4

International Rescue Committee (IRC) 2005 245–6

domestic violence project, Liberia 2014 19–20, 27

International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa (IRG) 2002

243

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 289

International Small Arms Control Standards (ISACS) 2011 58, 262

International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2004 251, 2006 95–114, 2009 109, 136, 2012 1



cooperation 2012 229–31


definitions of small arms and light weapons 2014 82


General Assembly First Committee 2007 126

implementation by UN members 2009 141, 2011 43, 48–50, 59–60, 61

Implementation Plan 2012-18 2013 172–3


international assistance and capacity-building 2012 234–6

marking 2006 95, 99, 100, 106–7, 2009 114–16, 2012 223–7

national frameworks 2012 231–3

record-keeping 2011 56–7, 2012 227–9

regional cooperation 2012 233–4

UN Meeting of Governmental Experts 2012 5, 219, 223, 236–7

UN Review Conference (2006) 2007 119

UN Review Conference (2012) 2013 161–2, 168

International Trade Centre 2005 100

International Trading Establishment (ITE) (Jordan) 2007 82

international transfers see authorized transfers; transfers

International Violence against Women Survey 2013 21, 29, 33, 2014 11–13

Internet

arms trade research 2011 22


IED knowledge 2013 242–3

illicit transfers using 2001 188–9

interpersonal violence, definition 2012 81

Interpol see International Criminal Police Organization

interpolation method, transfer estimates 2012 247–8

interventions

community programmes 2008 234, 267, 287–8, 298

criminal justice approach 2008 287

El Salvador 2008 281, 291–5

evaluation of 2008 295–8

firearms targeting 2008 278–9, 287–8

gangs 2010 92–4, 229–49

girls 2010 202

national plans 2008 297–8

public health approach 2008 277–9, 287–8, 298–9

targeting 2008 268, 269, 270, 278

types 2008 267


violence reduction 2008 226–7, 235–6, 262–9, 291–5

top ten strategies 2008 268

Intifada 2002 165, 2003 77–8

intimate partner violence (IPV) 2004 183–4, 2013 1–2, 3, 17–39

data 2013 20–2

definition 2013 19

and firearm ownership 2013 29–32

firearm restrictions 2013 35–7


gendered nature 2013 22–5

and gun culture 2013 33–4

homicides 2013 25–6

legislation 2013 140–2

murder-suicides 2013 26–7

non-lethal injuries 2013 28–9

preventing 2013 34–8

risk assessments 2013 37–8

see also sexual violence; violence against women and girls

intimidation

Georgia 2003 209

Honduras 2002 166

Nicaragua 2002 166


intra-European trade 2003 103

intra-governmental transfers, international 2009 9

intra-regional trade 2003 101

intra-state conflicts

arms brokers 2001 96–7


illicit transfers, Africa 2001 170

increase in the 1990s 2001 252


trends 2001 78

see also civil wars; internal conflicts

intrinsic supply costs 2007 263, 267–9

Inventarium Security, Research & Development (Portugal) 2011 92

inventory management, US Army 2002 259, 260–1

investment, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 144–5

IOM see International Organization for Migration

Iovine, Antonio 2013 95–6

IPI see International Peace Institute

IPMT see International Peace Monitoring Team

IPPNW see International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War

IPV see intimate partner violence

Iquique Free Zone, exports, weapon sights 2012 270–1

IRA see Irish Republican Army

IRAMs see improvised rocket-assisted mortar/munitions

Iran

ammunition, production 2014 181, 189–91, 194, 195, 196

control measures


MANPADS 2007 125–6

explosives, supply to militants 2013 232–3

exports

ammunition 2009 16


human rights 2004 128, 132, 133



to Sudan and South Sudan 2014 229–30

transparency 2006 65, 80, 81, 2007 89, 2009 8, 50, 2010 8, 13, 16, 2011 15, 17, 2012

283, 289, 293, 298, 2013 181, 183, 2014 130

unreported 2009 8, 31

value 2001 2004 102, 103, 104

value 2002 2005 100

value 2003 2006 68, 70


to Afghanistan 2012 335

to Hezbollah in Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322

to Iraq 2002 132, 2004 48, 2012 317, 318, 327, 328

to Liberia 2005 169

to non-state actors 2002 130–1

to Palestine, Karine A affair 2002 93–4

to RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 173

to Somalia 2007 94

to the Sudanese Government 2001 174


imports 2005 103

Kurdish women fighters 2014 68

Mojahideen al-Khalq insurgency 2002 90

non-state actors, support for 2002 130–1



production 2002 17


licensed 2002 50, 51, 52, 2007 15, 19




survey of producers 2001 52, 2002 16, 18, 19, 57

unlicensed 2007 16

stockpiles


insurgents 2002 82, 90

military 2002 77, 2005 86, 88, 2006 48, 57

police 2005 89, 2006 43

Iran-Contra Affair, brokers 2001 101, 107

Iran-Iraq war, Bulgarian producers 2003 43

Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 2010 264

Iraq

ammunition



anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20

arms management responsibilities 2008 58–9

attacks on teachers 2009 204

brokering 2004 165

conflict

assault rifles used by US troops 2004 28–9

coalition combat deaths 2005 250–1

deaths 2005 229, 234–5, 237, 239, 240, 244–7, 252–3, 255, 258

DDR and weapons reduction 2004 49–50, 2005 72, 73, 291


dispersal of weapons 2008 60–1


diversion

arms from Bosnia and Herzegovina 2008 122

US weapons 2008 125, 126

firearm homicides 2002–2006 2007 82

illicit transfers, from Iran 2012 317, 318, 327, 328

illicit transfers to, arms embargoes 2002 132, 133, 2004 100, 128, 266

illicit weapons 2012 2–3, 7, 2013 309, 311–12

categories of weapon 2012 317–18

Chinese 2014 268

country of origin 2012 317, 318


portable missiles 2012 326–9

rocket-propelled grenades and shoulder-fired rockets 2012 322–6


serviceability 2012 318, 329


sources 2012 348–9

trafficking 2012 328

imports 2006 74

irresponsible transfers to 2007 73, 74, 81–5, 102


improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14, 61, 2010 123, 2013 234–5

casualties 2013 225–6, 231–2

improvised rocket-assisted mortar/munitions (IRAMs) 2013 223

light weapons use 2011 23–4

looting of arsenals 2013 233

M72 light anti-tank weapon 2011 27

MANPADS 2004 77, 90




non-state actors

foreign government support for 2002 130–1



firearms 2010 122


prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 262, 270, 276


abuses 2011 121–2

armed 2011 116



personnel 2011 105


production







RPG-7 2004 35, 36, 37

stockpiles 2003 79–80, 2004 3, 43, 44–50, 54

civilian holdings 2005 73, 90, 91, 2007 47–8



disarmament 2005 71, 72, 73

insurgents 2001 80, 82, 2002 82, 90, 92

looting 2012 322, 348

MANPADS 2004 84

military 2002 77, 2005 88, 2006 38, 53

police 2005 89

thefts from 2004 71–2

Sunni Awakening Councils 2009 233, 236

surplus weapons transferred to 2008 79, 81


United States production 2004 11


Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund (IRRF), weapons bought with 2007 82–4

Iraqi Body Count 2005 229

Iraqi Civil Defence Corps 2004 49

Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), stockpile security and diversions 2007 81–3

IRC see International Rescue Committee

Ireland


civilian ownership 2003 64, 2007 39, 44

changing patterns of 2007 63

control measures, civilian ownership 2007 44

exports

national reporting 2002 119, 120, 122


imports 2005 104




production 2005 61


see also Irish Republican Army (IRA); Northern Ireland

IRG see International Resource Group on Disarmament and Security in the Horn of Africa

IRGC see Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps

Irian Jaya see West Papua

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

craft production in Colombia 2006 223

decommissioning 2006 260, 2007 44

disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 284–6, 2006 260


illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2004 130


from Libya 2002 129

using the internet 2001 188

mortars 2002 73

prison campaign 2010 165–6

stockpiles 2002 88–9, 2003 72

see also Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA); Real IRA

iron sights 2012 264–6

irresponsible small arms transfers 2007 73–107

armed conflict 2007 75–81, 98–107

human rights violations 2007 75–81, 98–107

stockpile security and risk of diversion 2007 81–6

IRRF see Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund

ISACS see International Small Arms Control Standards

ISAF see International Security Assistance Force

Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 2004 288, 292–3

ISER see Institute for Religious Studies

ISF see Iraqi Security Forces

Ishapore Self-Loading Rifle (SLR), Nepal 2003 113

Ishevsky Mekhanichesky Zavod (IMZ) (Russian Federation) 2003 19–20, 2004 14, 15, 16, 122

Islam

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310–11, 320, 324

Sudan 2007 318

Yemen 2003 169, 170–1

Islamic Courts Union (ICU) (Somalia) 2012 198, 337


Islamic Jihad 2002 131, 2003 78

Quds rocket production 2008 15

Islamic Jihad Union 2013 238

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) 2002 102, 2004 310, 320, 324

Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) see Hamas

Islamic Salvation Front (Front Islamique du Salut - FIS) (Algeria) 2007 77

Islamist militants 2003 33

Algeria 2007 77

Middle East stockpiles 2003 79–80

Somalia 2007 92–4

Yemen 2003 170–1

Isle of Man, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

isolation, urban violence 2007 162

Israel

ammunition

diversion 2008 52

production 2014 190–1, 194

brokering 2001 106–7, 2004 161

civilian firearms

licences 2011 281



control measures



MANPADS 2007 125–6




enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78





exports


to Colombia 2004 129, 130, 2005 161, 2006 236

Comtrade data 2012 274, 2013 179–80

disturbing transfers 2001 155

human rights 2004 129, 130, 131

to India 2003 112



list of importers 2005 107, 108, 2006 76



to Myanmar 2004 131

official data on 2002 123

parts 2012 255

pistols and revolvers 2009 20, 42



transparency 2001 155, 2004 117, 2005 110, 112, 113, 2006 65, 80, 81, 2007 89, 2009

50, 2010 13, 16, 2011 16, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130



value 2001 2004 104

value 2002 2005 97, 103

value 2003 2006 68, 71

human rights violations 2007 76, 79–80


to Angola 2002 132


to Eritrea 2002 136

to Rwanda 2002 132


imports




list of exporters 2005 103, 105




from the United States 2001 153, 154, 155, 2002 86, 2004 120, 121

value 2001 2004 101, 108, 110

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76




policing 2004 220, 222


production

financial indicators of main companies 2000 2002 21


licensed 2002 45, 2007 11, 15, 18



mortars 2004 33




sub-machine guns 2004 30, 31

survey of producers 2001 39, 52, 2002 16, 17, 18, 19, 35–6, 57, 2004 11


rubber bullets 2005 16

Spike ATGW 2008 20


civilian holdings 2003 77, 2005 90, 91


unregistered 2007 55


insurgent weapons 2002 90–4, 2004 93

military 2002 259, 2005 86, 88

police 2005 89



war with Lebanon 2009 317, 319, 321–3


Israel Defense Forces (IDF)

human rights violations 2007 79

in Lebanon 2009 319

stockpiles 2003 77

Israel Military Industries (IMI)


exports 2002 123, 2003 112


illicit transfers to Colombia, brokers 2001 106–7

joint production with Kazakhstan 2012 133


major producers by weapon type 2004 27, 29



most popular assault rifles 2001 20




Uzi sub-machine gun 2001 19, 20

ISS see Institute for Security Studies

issued weapons, diversion 2008 51

Italy

ammunition

procurement 2010 30, 31

production 2014 190


brokering

jurisdiction 2004 163–4

legislation 2004 161

licensing 2004 153, 154, 155, 156, 157

penalties 2004 160





export controls

exceptions 2009 78




exports

to Africa 2003 118

ammunition 2006 67




to Colombia 2004 129, 130, 2005 161, 2006 236

Comtrade data 2009 8, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80

to Cyprus 2004 108


human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132

irresponsible transfers from 2007 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107







parts 2012 255

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 147, 2002 114, 2009 20, 21, 41



shotguns 2002 114




transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 87, 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011

16, 2012 289, 292, 300, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 287, 2014 134


value 2000 2003 103, 104

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 104

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 103

value 2003 2006 65, 68, 71

to Venezuela 2007 81, 107


firearm purchases 2013 88

firearms trafficking 2013 93–4

gangs




to Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 133

to Rwanda 2002 132

illicit transfers to, smuggling 2003 71

imports


container freight 2003 107

list of exporters 2005 102, 103, 104, 105, 2006 68, 70, 71, 73

MANPADS 2004 87

parts 2012 256



from US 1990–1999 2001 154

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 110

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76

mafia violence 2013 1, 3, 75–96



production

exports to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27


licensed 2002 45, 51, 2007 15, 18


MANPADS 2004 81





stockpiles

Carabinieri 2001 72



military 2006 57

transportation


licensing 2010 53

ITI see International Tracing Instrument

Al-Ittihad Al-Islami (Ethiopia) 2007 93

Ivorian Popular Movement for the Great West (Mouvement populaire ivoirien du Grand Ouest)

2006 256

Ivory Coast see Côte d’Ivoire

Izhmash (Izhevsk Arms Factory) (Russian Federation)

AK family 2001 17

AN-94 assault rifle 2003 24

company profile 2000 2002 23–5, 25, 55

exports 2002 123, 2004 122


intellectual property rights 2007 10, 24






survey of producers 2003 19–20, 2004 11, 14, 15

units produced 1999–2002 2004 16

Izhmash Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33

Jaish al-Mahdi see Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi

Jakarta (Indonesia), urbanization 2007 162

Jamaica


Crime Observatory 2008 297

effects of crime and violence 2004 191





firearm injuries, costs of 2012 94


illicit weapons market 2012 31



police, unlawful shootings by 2004 238








Jamiat-e-Islami (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

‘janjaweed’ (Sudan) 2014 218


Japan

brokering 2004 161




control measures

control of civilian ownership 2002 264





enforcement 2009 86


licensing systems 2009 74

transfer criteria 2009 93

exports



Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274



list of importers 2005 106, 107, 109, 2006 75, 78


parts 2012 255

reporting of 2009 27



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012

293, 2013 183, 2014 130

value 2001 2004 101–2, 105

value 2002 2005 104

value 2003 2006 71



gangs

gun ownership 2010 112, 113, 115


illicit transfers to, ant trade from US 2002 135

imports

Comtrade data 2009 8, 12

list of exporters 2005 105, 2006 68, 70, 73


parts 2012 260


value 2001 2004 100, 108, 110

value 2002 2005 107

value 2003 2006 76

policing 2007 184



personnel 2011 105

production


illicit 2001 45

licensed 2007 15


MANPADS 2004 82



stockpiles 2005 82

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2005 80


unregistered 2007 55


law enforcement 2005 78, 85, 2006 40

MANPADS 2004 84

military 2005 85

surplus ammunition 2007 126

suicide 2004 187

transportation, licensing 2010 52–3

Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia (JSAC) 2006 119, 123,

125, 134

Jashari, Adem 2005 219–20

Javelin ATGWs 2004 33, 82, 84, 2008 20, 2011 30, 32

JEM see Justice and Equality Movement; Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi

Jensen, Steffen 2003 305–6

Jericho pistols, use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

Jericho Semi-Automatic pistols 2002 35

Jersey, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Jet-Lease International, tax havens 2001 104

Jewish settlements, stockpiles 2003 77

J.G.Anshütz (Germany) 2005 54

JIEDDO see Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization

Jikany Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288

JIUs see Joint Integrated Units

Johannesburg (South Africa)

crime 2007 171

carjackings 2007 172


urban violence 2007 163, 173


John Inglis (Canada) 2002 45

Johnson Thomas, Brian 2007 260

Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) 2013 238, 240–1

Joint Integrated Units (JIUs) (Sudan) 2007 322, 324, 331, 2010 280, 289–90

joint ventures

definitions 2002 42


Jonglei State (Sudan)

disarmament campaign 2007 333–6

firearm injuries 2012 99–100, 101

tribal conflict 2010 286–8

Jordan

diversion of weapons from Peru to Colombia 2008 113, 120, 123, 134, 136

exports 2001 148




imports


MANPADS 2011 34


value 2002 2005 106, 107

value 2003 2006 74



stockpiles 2003 79



military 2005 88

police 2005 89


journalists, conflict deaths 2005 235–8

Joy Slovakia 2008 127–8

JP Sauer & Sohn (Germany) 2002 21, 34, 39

JSAC see Japanese Assistance Team for Small Arms Management in Cambodia

Juárez (Mexico), car bomb 2013 300

Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319, 323, 324, 340–4, 2010 280

Jubilee School, Philadelphia (United States) 2007 185

judicial systems

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 182, 183–4, 184–5


Jumbish-e-Milli (Afghanistan), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

‘jungle justice’, Bakassi Boys (Nigeria) 2006 251

jurisdiction, over brokering 2002 255–6

justice, disarmament 2002 306, 2003 311–12

Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) (Sudan)

covert transfers to 2007 92


weapons 2014 215, 233

justice system, Liberia, domestic violence 2014 18

juvenile prisoners/detainees 2004 231

Ka Pa Sa (Myanmar) 2001 43

Kabila, Laurent 2001 108–9

kaçaks (outlaws) 2005 210

Kahr Arms (United States) 2005 54

Kaibiles (Guatemala) 2012 62, 64

Kakuma refugee camp (Kenya), violence 2002 168–9, 170, 196

Kalashnikov culture 2002 70

Kalashnikov, Mikhail T. 2001 17, 62, 2002 25


Kalashnikov rifles

ammunition 2007 260

Burundi, civilian ownership 2007 216

exports, to India from Bulgaria 2003 112

Georgia 2003 200–1

identifying 2009 111–16


popularity 2007 258–9

prices 2007 257–72

production

licensed 2007 9, 11, 23–5

Russian Federation 2000 2002 24


Romanian exports to Uganda 2003 110

transfers, from Bulgaria 2003 108

unlicensed production 2007 23–5

varieties 2007 259, 260

Kalashnikov-pattern rifles


ammunition 2014 187

definition 2013 284

illicit

ammunition prices 2013 262, 265–8

Mexico 2013 289–90, 293


prices 2013 251, 256–7, 258–9, 274

Iraq 2012 320, 321

production, Venezuela 2012 23

Somalia 2012 338–9

Somaliland 2012 149, 152, 168

United States

Chinese 2014 253, 261, 268

illicit 2014 260, 261, 267–8

Kaliningrad, destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 79

Kalla, Jusuf 2009 252

Kalshale (Somaliland), land dispute 2012 152, 154, 157–8, 166, 167

Kalthok village (Sudan), tribal violence 2010 285

Kampala (Uganda), carjackings 2007 172

Kanal operation (Kazakhstan) 2012 122

Kano (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167

Kansas City (United States), Gun Experiment 2006 312

kanun (customary law) 2005 207, 208, 210, 211–17, 219–20

Kapoeta (Sudan) 2007 336–9

Karachi (Pakistan)



Karakos 2005 308, 312

Karamoja (Uganda) 2007 289–301, 311


Karaoy (Kazakhstan), ammunition depot explosion 2012 135, 136–8

Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) 2001 46


Karenni Army 2001 46

Karimojong (Uganda)

ammunition 2007 290–301, 311

land conflict 2013 120, 121, 122


Karine A 2002 91, 93–4

Kariyawasam, Prasad 2007 118–19, 120–1, 124–6

Karzai, Hamid 2003 312, 2011 101

Kashmir

illicit production in Pakistan 2001 47, 2003 33


prices 2002 65, 68


al-Kassar, Monzer 2001 101, 107, 2008 120, 122, 124, 134, 136

Kataib Hezbollah 2013 232

Kauer, Major Erwin 2007 84

Kaunas Experimental Enterprise (Lithuania) 2003 48

Kazakhstan

ammunition

destruction 2012 134–5


ammunition depots, explosions 2012 108, 135, 136–8

civilian firearms 2012 107, 116–28

authorized sources 2012 119–22



illicit sources 2012 122–3

impact 2012 127–8

licences 2011 280




control measures


state holdings 2012 134–5

crime 2012 110–11, 126, 127


MANPADS 2008 101

surplus weapons 2008 96, 98–9


exports 2001 148, 2004 132, 2012 133

homicide rate 2012 108, 110, 111

illicit weapons, sources 2012 122–3

imports 2006 72

parts 2012 256

small arms 2012 119–22, 133–4


Kyrgyzstan 2004 311

organized violence 2012 114–16


production 2001 16, 30, 34, 52, 2002 57, 2005 56


security outlook 2012 4, 109–16

state holdings


sources 2012 131–4


stockpiles, military 2001 72, 179

victimization surveys 2012 111–14

weapons collection 2012 124–7

Kazakhstan Engineering, civilian firearms 2012 119

Kazan (Russian Federation), gang violence 2010 137

KazArsenal (Kazakhstan) 2012 134–5, 136–7

Kaze-Forces pour la défense de la democratie (Kaze-FDD) (Burundi) 2007 203

Kazspetseksport (Kazakhstan) 2012 133

KB-S (Ukraine) 2003 49

KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Russia) 2002 26, 2003 15, 2005 60

Keisler Police Supply (United States) 2007 82

Kekelidze, Nikusha 2003 200

Kemijska Industrija Kamnik (Slovenia) 2003 46

Kenney, George 2005 234

Kenya

ammunition, diversion 2008 51, 52

brokering, controls 2002 255

civilian firearms


storage requirements 2011 292, 293




conflict


internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 196


violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9, 170, 196

control measures

brokering 2002 255

Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 262–4

Transfer Controls Initiative 2007 130



disarmament 2003 312, 2009 163


election violence 2013 103, 107

exports


to Sudan 2004 133

firearm injuries

costs of 2012 94

victimization survey 2012 90




to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 282

to Rwanda 2002 132

to Sudan 2007 325

illicit transfers to, instability 2001 175

imports



trends 2000 2003 117, 118

value 2002 2005 106, 107

value 2003 2006 74

land conflict 2013 107, 120, 121, 122, 123

MANPADS attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 13


Police Service, women 2014 70

policing, corruption 2004 233

prices

AK-47s 2003 86



armed 2011 114

personnel 2011 105

public perception 2011 106

regulation 2011 150

production

ammunition 2005 13


licensed 2002 43, 44–6, 45



stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 57


women and small arms control 2014 40, 53

Kenya Ordnance Factories Corporation (KOFC) 2002 44–6

Kenyatta, Jomo 2013 107

Kerambit Industries (Malaysia) 2001 43

KFOR see Kosovo Force

Al-Kharj Arsenal (Saudi Arabia) 2002 18, 51, 52–3

Khartoum Peace Agreement (1997) 2007 321–2, 2010 278

‘Khawad’ machine guns, South Sudan 2014 233

Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1

Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) (Cambodia) 2006 120, 125, 126

Khmer Rouge see Party of Democratic Kampuchea

Kibaki, Mwai 2013 107

kidnappings see abductions

Kiir, Salva 2007 319, 321, 322–3, 2010 279–80, 292, 2014 217

Kim Jong Il 2006 49

kinetic energy weapons 2004 81

police use 2011 81–2

Kingston (Jamaica)

gangs

gun ownership 2010 112, 113, 115

membership 2010 106, 107, 108

Kinshasa Convention


unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 122, 123

Kintex (Bulgaria) 2003 44

Kiribati


gun control measures 2004 302, 303

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284

Kivus, land conflict 2013 117–18

KLA see Kosovo Liberation Army

Kleck, Gary 2004 61

Klein, Yair 2001 106–7, 108

Kmart, ammunition 2005 21

KMBDB see Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau

KMP see Kovrov Mechanical Plant

KNB see National Security Committee

knife/sharp instrument injuries

Burundi 2007 213, 214

Colombia 2006 225, 238

costs of 2006 199, 203–7



knives 2004 107–8

use by girl gang members 2010 197

KNLA see Karen National Liberation Army

know-how contracts 2007 10

knowledge proliferation, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 241–3

Kolélas, Bernard 2003 256–8, 260–1, 264–5, 268–9

Kolingba, André 2005 303, 305, 306, 312, 314

Kolomna Machine-Building Design Bureau (KMBDB) (Russia) 2003 110

Komsomol, Georgia 2003 197

Kong, Gordon 2007 324

Kongsberg remote turret 2012 260

Kony, Joseph 2006 275, 277–8, 282, 284, 288–9, 2007 325–6, 2010 288–9

Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of see North Korea

Korea, Republic of see South Korea

Korean People’s Army (KPA) 2006 49

Kornet ATGWs 2011 30

Kosovo

conflict deaths 2005 240, 241–2, 246–7, 252, 253, 255, 258

conflict weapons, firearm violence and crime 2004 197

DDR and weapons reduction

conflict tracing 2006 111

KFOR peacebuilding 1999 to present 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 302, 2003 280, 293


peace agreement 2003 284

UNDP 2002–2003 2005 292







post-conflict violence 2005 271, 272, 2009 230


seizures of illicit arms 2005 114

stockpiles

Albanian looted arms 1997 2001 201


looted Albanian weapons, prices 2002 68–9



weapons identification 2009 112


Kosovo Force (KFOR), weapons collection 2001 177, 2002 290–1, 302, 2003 280, 293

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)

conflict sourcing 2005 215, 218–21





looted Albanian weapons 2002 68–9

outlaw tradition 2005 210


Kosovo Protection Corps 2009 233, 235

Kovrov Mechanical Plant (KMP) (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2002 26, 2003 19, 2004 14,

15, 122

KPA see Korean People’s Army

KPNLAF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Armed Forces

KPNLF see Khmer People’s National Liberation Front

KPV heavy machine gun 2004 33

KSN Industries (Israel) 2002 18, 35, 45


Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), firearms 2010 122

Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK)


humanitarian commitments 2010 310


resistance to 2010 261

Kurds

stockpiles 2001 80, 82, 2003 79–80

women fighters 2014 68

Kuwait

exports, irresponsible transfers from 2007 106

imports 2005 107, 2006 76


from the United States 2001 154, 2004 10–11, 120

value 2001 2004 110

production 2002 19



Kyrgyzstan 2004 5, 309–27


ammunition, production 2014 190–1, 194

exports

irresponsible transfers to Turkey 2007 106



illicit transfers from, to Kazakhstan 2012 123

imports 2002 147, 2006 72

Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 2002 102


production 2002 57

L1A1 assault rifle 2001 63

L85 automatic rifle 2006 55

L85A1 assault rifle 2001 63

Labora farm experiment (Uganda) 2009 233, 236

LACROIX-Alsetex (France), less-lethal weapons 2011 72, 81, 85

LAF see Lebanese Armed Forces

Lagos (Nigeria) 2007 167, 175


slums 2007 168

Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (Missouri) 2001 27

Lakhani, Hemant 2004 162–3

Lakwena, Alice 2006 275

Lancet, The, Iraq conflict deaths 2005 229

land


as economic resource 2013 104–5

as political resource 2013 106–7

symbolic meaning 2013 105–6

land conflicts

Africa 2013 1, 3, 103–26

causes 2013 108–14

communal conflicts 2013 103, 118–23

deaths 2013 125–6

definition 2013 108

governance and adjudication 2013 111–13

grievances 2013 114

inadequate security 2013 113

post-conflict situations 2013 109

resource conflicts 2013 103, 116–18

social conflict 2013 103, 123–5

violence entrepreneurs 2013 114

violent 2013 12, 103–26

land disputes

Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 242


land grabbing

Africa 2013 111–12

Cambodia 2006 133

Landmine Monitor Report 2002 243

landmines

Burundi, injuries caused by 2007 213, 214


destruction of 2009 182, 302

Georgia 2003 203–4

global campaign 2001 276, 280, 2002 64

illicit, Philippines 2013 307–8

modification to IEDs 2013 234

norms 2003 221

Ottawa Convention (1997) 2002 205, 2008 9, 94–5


Sudan 2014 229

violence clustering surveys 2005 240

see also anti-personnel mines; mines

Landrieu, Mitch 2013 7

Lango 2007 337

language, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10

Lao PDR, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 277

Laos, exports, human rights 2004 131

LAP see Local Administration Police

LAPD see Los Angeles Police Department

lapis lazuli, conflict goods 2002 142

Las Anod (Somalia), armed violence 2012 160, 162

laser rangefinders 2012 245, 268

laser sights 2012 267–8

laser weapons 2011 84, 86

Lashkar-e-Taiba, membership 2010 118

lashkars (Pakistan) 2010 272

Lasserre S.A. 2004 20, 123

Latin America

control measures





firearm homicides 2003 138, 2004 53, 175, 176, 177, 178, 199–200


illicit transfers 2001 83, 2003 116–17


non-fatal crime 2004 179



production 2004 7, 16–26

stockpiles 2003 87–91, 2004 50–4, 60, 71–2, 2005 77, 162



from Czech Republic 2003 109

urban violence 2007 164, 170–1, 184


see also Central America; Latin America and the Caribbean; South America

Latin America and the Caribbean

availability of firearms 2012 32–3

crime 2003 87, 2004 50, 52, 2006 83

drugs trafficking, links with illicit firearms 2012 31–2

firearm homicides 2012 1–2, 3, 9–35

origins of weapons used 2012 29–32


trends 2012 14–15




homicides, proportion using firearms 2012 11–13, 16

transfers 2003 114–17, 2004 18, 50

Latin Kings gang (Ecuador) 2010 212, 219, 220

Latortue, Gérard 2011 234

Latvia

brokering 2004 153, 161, 163

diversion of weapons to Somalia 2008 120, 124, 127


exports 2001 148, 2004 132



imports 2002 147






receipt of excess US military firearms 2002 86


Laurance, Ed 2001 251

law enforcement see policing

law and order

government spending 2003 144–5



Yemen 2003 169–70, 181–5

see also customary law; humanitarian law; legislation

Laws of War 2002 179, 179–81, 185–6

lead, ammunition 2005 16–17

League of Arab States, illicit trade 2005 86

leakages see diversions; theft

leased weapons, international transfers 2009 9

Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) 2009 321

Lebanon

conflict


and illicit weapon prices 2013 271–3, 274

exports



gun ownership 2009 329–30, 331–2

illicit transfers from 2002 132, 2004 132

to Somalia 2007 94

illicit transfers to 2001 103, 2007 91–2, 2009 322

arms embargo on 2007 74

illicit weapons


local factors 2013 270

prices 2013 257–74, 275

imports 2001 154, 2004 108, 110, 2005 104, 106



non-state actors




MANPADS 2004 89, 93

Palestinian stockpiles 2001 80


post-conflict, survey 2009 323–33


production 2002 19

security perceptions 2009 317, 327–9, 331

Shaba Farms 2009 319, 321

stockpiles 2003 79


insurgent 2001 80, 2004 89, 93

military 2005 88

police 2005 89

see also Hezbollah; Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment

Lebel rifles, Iraq 2012 320, 321

LED see light-emitting diode

Lee-Enfield rifles


Iraq 2012 320

Yemen 2003 174

legacy arsenals, People’s War militaries 2006 47, 48, 50

legality spectrum 2001 141

legislation

armed violence 2013 139, 140–2


brokering 2004 147, 162–6

effectiveness 2004 182, 186

firearms

El Salvador 2008 293

South Africa 2008 183, 186–7, 198–9





licensed production 2007 27–8, 30, 31

national 2004 66–71, 255


norms 2003 232

Pacific 2004 277, 300–3


self-defence 2004 181

transfers and human rights 2004 133

United Kingdom 2004 188–9, 192


Yemen 2003 183–4

Leibacher, Friedrich 2002 266

Lekota, Mosiuoa 2007 85, 86

Lekoumou (Republic of the Congo), militia holdings 2003 267–8

Lesotho

civilian firearms 2003 239, 240–1, 2007 172








less-lethal weapons

acoustic weapons 2011 83


deaths by 2011 88, 91, 92


directed-energy weapons 2011 85–6

electric-shock weapons 2011 85


laser weapons 2011 84, 86

LED-based systems 2011 86

police weapons 2011 4–5, 69, 80–6

private security companies, use by 2011 140

rheostatic 2011 83–6

TASERs 2011 85, 89–92

use of 2011 89–92

see also non-lethal weapons

lethality of firearms




factors affecting 2001 211, 212

stockpiles, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315

Letter of Acceptance (LOA), state-to-state transfers 2008 166

Levdan (Israel) 2003 261, 263

LFL see Light Fighter Lethality

liability suits, United States 2003 18

Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac (UCPMB) 2003 297

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Tamil Tigers)

conflict use 2005 185, 187, 196

diversion of weapons to 2008 121

firearms 2010 120, 123

forced recruitment of women 2002 171



illicit transfers to 2001 176, 182–3, 2002 129, 2003 112

MANPADS 2004 89

mortars 2002 73

production, light weapons 2008 15

repair and sporadic production 2005 47

reserve stockpiles 2001 80

RPG-7 2004 37

sea transport network 2002 144

Liberia

armed groups

children in 2006 251


group goals 2005 189, 193

sources of weapons 2006 255

stockpiles 2003 82

transfer of weapons to 2006 256

typology 2006 249


assault rifles diverted to 2008 119, 2009 108

brokering 2004 103, 144, 145, 164


conflict

arms sourcing to 2005 160, 165, 167–9, 172–3, 2006 255


conflict weapons and crime 2004 196





ammunition 2005 30

collapse of programme 2003 2004 57

ECOMOG 1996–1997 2002 288–9, 302, 2003 279, 292, 307

funding 2005 285

measuring success 2005 284

peace agreements 2003 282, 283

problems with 2006 261–2

UNDP weapons reduction 2004–2006 2005 290, 291

UNOMIL peacekeeping 1993–1997 2002 288–9, 2003 283, 293, 307


diversion

ammunition from Côte d’Ivoire 2008 121, 123, 134

sub-machine guns from Slovakia 2008 115, 116, 117, 121

weapons and ammunition from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2008 121

firearm violence, data recording 2012 98


to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 171–2, 2002 132, 2003 297, 2004 132

to Rwanda 2002 132

illicit transfers to 2002 132, 2003 118–19, 2004 103, 112, 131, 2005 106

embargoes 2002 132, 2004 127, 128, 269


imports irresponsible transfers to 2007 103

insurgents, stockpiles 2003 82

land conflict 2013 109, 119

National Plan of Action for the Prevention and Management of Gender Based Violence in

Liberia 2014 18–19


policing, women 2014 72





security concerns 2013 110

shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12

social norms 2014 17–18, 27–8

stockpiles, civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60



violence against women and girls 2014 4, 9, 15–20, 28–9

weapons collection 2009 124, 125, 240





Liberia Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) 2014 16–17

Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD)

ammunition 2006 258

command and control 2006 253, 265


DDR programme 2006 261–2


illicit transfers to 2003 118–19, 2006 256

MANPADS 2006 256

shelling of Monrovia 2003 2005 182–3

shelling of Monrovia (2003) 2008 11–12

stockpiles 2003 82

typology of armed groups 2006 249


Liberman, Ruth 2005 152–3

Libya

ammunition, profiling 2014 179, 182–3, 187–208

arms embargoes against 2002 133, 2004 268

Chad 2005 316–17

exports, human rights 2004 130


to the Central African Republic 2005 313, 315

to the IRA 2002 129

to Liberia 2002 132, 2005 168

to North African states 2001 170–1

to Palestinian groups 2002 131

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 171, 172

to Rwanda 2004 132

to Somalia 2007 94

to Sudan 2001 174, 2007 92


looting of arsenals 2013 233–4


production 2002 19


stockpiles

military 2005 88

People’s War strategy 2002 77

police 2005 89

support for non-state actors 2002 129, 130, 131


licence or permit to possess, civilian firearms 2011 281

licensed production 2001 9, 2002 10, 40–54, 43–8, 2007 7–32

Australia 2001 45

benefits 2007 10–12, 13

costs 2007 10–12, 13

definitions 2002 41–2, 2007 8

exports by licensees 2002 53–4

global 2007 22–3

Heckler & Koch 2002 41, 48–53, 53

India 2001 42

Indonesia 2001 43

irresponsible transfer of technology 2007 26–8

Middle East 2002 17, 18, 41, 48–53

military 2007 7–32

most popular small arms 2001 19–21

Pakistan 2001 43

risks 2007 12–13

scope 2007 13–23

Singapore 2001 44


Tanzania 2005 14

transfers of weapons produced under 2007 28–31

trends 2001 12

Turkey 2001 39–40


licensing systems 2004 66–71

ammunition 2005 21

Brazil 2004 69–71

brokering 2002 253–8, 2004 147, 149, 153–7, 161, 166

Canada 2002 86

China 2005 82

Colombia 2006 219–20, 230

Czech Republic 2002 87


estimating private legal firearms 2001 84–6

Europe 2003 66–9, 70–2

exports see export licences

firearm ownership, South Africa 2003 30–1

Iraq 2004 47

Ireland 2007 44

Israel 2003 77

Japan 2005 80


MANPADS 2005 132, 133

Morocco 2005 87–8

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 267–71

Pacific 2004 301–2

Pakistan 2002 297

South Africa 2001 45, 2005 75

Taiwan 2005 84

transfers and human rights 2004 125–6



Liechtenstein



Lieshout, Atelier Van 2005 154

life cycle of small arms 2002 235

life expectancy, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131

life insurance, costs of small arms violence 2006 191

life stages, violence risk factors 2008 251–2

Light Fighter Lethality (LFL) projectiles 2003 25

light machine guns

ammunition types 2005 12


Georgia 2003 203





licensed 2007 18


light mortars, stockpiles 2002 64

light vehicle, for weapons transport 2008 9

light weapons

accessories 2012 245–6, 261–9

ammunition

definition 2010 9

reporting 2006 66–7


transfers 2010 7–8, 18–20, 27–32, 34–5

authorized transfers 2011 4, 9–35, 2012 2, 242, 251

availability 2008 12–16

control 2005 123–38

craft production of 2008 15

definitions 2001 8, 251, 2002 10, 2003 10, 59–60, 2004 8, 2005 123–4, 2008 8–11, 30,

2009 8–9, 2010 3, 9, 2011 5, 10, 2012 5, 243, 314–15, 2013 2, 284, 2014 4, 82, 246

export data 2005 102

guided 2008 16–20

illicit


Iraq 2012 322–9

Mexico 2013 298–302


Somalia 2012 339–42


Iraq 2005 72, 73

lethality 2008 11–12


parts 2012 244


portability 2008 9


production 2004 14–16, 2005 44, 57, 58

production and values 2008 27–30, 31


threats from 2008 30–1

trade 2011 22–35

transfers

authorized 2011 4, 9–35

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 113–17

transparency, transfers 2006 79

UN Register of Conventional Arms 2005 109–10

unguided 2008 20–7

US production 2005 44

light-emitting diode (LED)-based weapons 2011 86

Ligue Iteka 2007 197, 200, 210

limpet mines 2008 9

Linas–Marcoussis Peace Agreement (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 196, 197

Lisboa, Marcos 2007 238

Lissouba, Pascal 2014 152, 153–4, 156

arms for UNITA 2001 119


stockpiles 2003 260–1, 264–5, 267–8

Lithuania

brokering 2004 154, 155, 157, 160, 161

civilian firearms


licences 2011 280, 281







exports

transparency 2012 293, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 134

imports 2002 147

from Germany 2001 150


MANPADS 2004 87

mortars 2011 25





norms 2003 234



production



livestock

Central African Republic 2005 321, 322


see also cattle rustling

LIW (South Africa) 2001 19

Llama Gabilondo (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8

Llama revolvers, use in firearm homicides, Colombia 2012 29–30

Lo Piccolo, Salvatore 2013 78

lobbying, NGOs 2002 242

Local Administration Police (LAP) (Uganda), ammunition profile 2007 290, 291, 294, 296–7,

298

local arms races


demand for small arms 2006 144, 145, 148


local community non-governmental organizations, disarmament and development 2003 155–6

Local Defence Units (LDUs) (Uganda) 2006 287, 2007 295, 296, 297, 299–300

local security arrangements (LSAs), South Sudan 2007 336–9

Lockheed Martin Corporation 2005 61

logging

Cambodia 2006 121–2, 133

illegal, Madagascar 2011 185

Lokichokkio (Kenya) 2002 166

Lomé Peace Accords (1999) 2001 123

London (United Kingdom)

gangs, suppression strategies 2010 247


Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) 2011 83

long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 196–9

longitudinal studies, violence risk factors 2008 249

looting

Albanian state arsenals 1997 2001 176–7, 200–1, 273, 2002 76–7, 298–9, 2006 38, 44, 47


West African armed groups 2006 252–3, 254–5, 257

López, Leopoldo 2007 186

Lopit 2007 337

Lorcin Engineering (United States) 2001 21, 24

Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) (Uganda) 2006 273–89

arms management 2010 324

child soldiers 2003 146, 2009 197, 211, 2014 74



resistance to 2010 267


transfers to, ammunition 2007 298–9

violence in South Sudan 2007 325–6, 2010 288–9

Los Angeles (United States)

gang violence 2007 171, 183, 2010 131, 134

gangs, suppression 2010 246, 248

illicit weapons 2014 246, 247–50, 252–68

Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), illicit weapons data 2014 248, 250, 263–4

Los Zetas (Mexico) 2012 17–18, 31, 54, 55–6, 71

activity in Central America 2012 61, 62

lost weapons, military procurement 2006 9–10, 12

lot numbers 2005 25–6, 27

Lothar Walther (Germany) 2012 253

Lou Nuer people (Sudan) 2007 333–5


White Army 2014 215

weapons 2014 226, 227, 237, 238

low rate of procurement (Lr) 2006 9, 12, 18

loyalist paramilitaries, disarmament 2003 285–6

Lr see low rate of procurement

LRA see Lord’s Resistance Army

LRAD see Long Range Acoustic Device

LSAs see local security arrangements

LSN Gang (Rio de Janeiro) 2010 168

LTTE see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Luanda Agreement 2003 81

Lugansk Cartridge Works (Ukraine) 2014 196, 199, 204

Lugansk Machine Tool Plant (Ukraine) 2003 49

Luigi Franchi (Italy) 2002 36




Luis Fanor Hernández barrio (Nicaragua), gang violence 2013 47–8, 53–69

lupara (sawn-off shotgun) 2013 91

LURD see Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy

Lusaka (Zambia), crime 2007 171, 172

Lusaka Protocol (1994) 2001 116, 118, 2005 192

Luwero Industries (Uganda), ammunition 2007 293–5, 296–7, 298

Luxembourg


export controls, exceptions 2009 79

exports



transparency 2012 293, 2013 182, 2014 130




production 2001 16, 52, 2002 57

M1 rifle

licensed production, Saudi Arabia 2002 18


US Civilian Marksmanship Program 2002 86

M1F assault rifle, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83

M2 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84, 86, 2008 21


M3 sub-machine gun

Burundi 2007 204


M4 carbine

Burundi 2007 204


production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11, 29


US military procurement 2002 86, 2006 10

M4/A1 rifle 2002 84


M9 pistol 2002 37

production for US military 1970–1999 2001 13


M11 pistol 2002 84, 86

M14 automatic rifle

production 2004 29, 2006 55


US destruction programmes 2002 85

US military procurement 2006 10

M16 assault rifles

Burundi 2007 204

casualties 2002 165


exports

to Nepal 2003 97, 113

to the Philippines 2003 107

illicit

ammunition prices 2013 265–8

prices 2013 258, 259

illicit transfers of, to Jamaica 2012 31

insurgent weapons in Palestinian territories 2002 90–1

Israel, stockpiles 2003 77




prices 2002 66, 67, 70

production 2001 26, 2002 29, 2004 11

global production estimates 2001 63, 2006 55

licensed 2001 44, 2002 18, 2007 19

most popular military weapons 2004 28

replacement by US Army as standard weapon 2004 12

for US military 1970–1999 2001 13

US armed forces stocks 2001 73, 74, 2002 84

M16/A1 assault rifles

US destruction programmes 2002 85

US military procurement 2006 9–10

M16/A2 assault rifles

Brazil 2007 309


US military procurement 2006 9–10

M16/A4 assault rifles, US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86

M17 Glock pistols, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84

M19 machine gun 2001 26

M20 Bazooka 2002 71

M21 rifle 2002 84

M23 see March 23 Movement

M24 rifle 2002 84


M26 rockets, demilitarization 2013 194–5

M40 recoilless rifle 2004 33, 34, 2008 23


Colombia 2006 221



M62 assault rifle 2001 63

M68 Close Combat Optic (CCO) 2012 267, 268

M70 assault rifles 2009 108, 110

M72 anti-tank weapon, Somalia 2012 342

M72 LAW rocket, demilitarization waste products 2013 205

M72 LAW rocket launcher 2002 71, 2008 25, 2011 27–8

diversion to criminals 2008 49, 51, 52

M76 assault rifle 2001 63

M79 anti-tank weapons, unauthorized retransfers 2014 119

M79 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24

M82 anti-materiel rifle 2008 22


M107 sniper rifle 2004 11

M-109 howitzers, unauthorized retransfers 2014 126

M110 semi-automatic sniper system 2012 275

M150/M151 fire control system 2012 275

M203 grenade launcher 2002 84, 2008 24

M231 rifle, US Army inventory 2001 2002 84

M240 machine gun 2001 26, 2002 84

M249 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 84

M483 howitzer, demilitarization 2013 195

M776 fuses 2010 29

M855 ammunition 2011 76

Maadi Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17, 45


Maboir, Thomas 2007 324, 334

MAC-10 machine gun, serial numbers 2009 116

Macau, imports 2006 73

Macedo, Pablo 2011 44

Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of (FYROM)


DDR and weapons reduction

destruction methods 2002 311

NATO Operation Essential Harvest 2001 2002 293, 302, 2003 281, 289

peace agreements 2003 290

SEESAC (UNDP) 2002–2005 2005 290, 292

UNPROFOR peacekeeping 1992–1995 2003 293




imports 2002 122, 2006 70






production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57


stockpiles



insurgent 2002 82, 88, 89–90


looted Albanian weapons 2002 69

military 2002 77, 2005 77, 2006 44, 46, 53

Machar, Riek 2014 217, 2007 321, 326, 2010 278–9, 292

Machel, Graça 2009 193

machetes 2004 107–8

machine guns

Afghanistan 2003 76, 2012 331–3

ammunition 2014 187


Burundi 2007 204

Colombia 2006 226

definition of light weapons 2005 124

drug violence, Latin America 2012 29

exports

to Nepal 2003 113

from the United States 2001 154, 155

Georgia 2003 196, 203–4

illicit

Mexico 2013 290, 291


United States 2014 253–4, 257, 259, 263

Iraq 2012 321, 322

Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83, 84



manufacturing sectors 2005 45, 55–7


military stockpiles 2006 37, 53, 54, 55–6

Miniguns 2008 10

most popular small arms products 2001 19–21


production

Brazil 2001 29

Chile 2001 30

estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13

licensed 2007 18, 20, 21–2



most popular military weapons 2004 31–2

United States 2001 26, 2002 27, 2003 17, 18, 2004 13, 119, 120


Somalia 2012 339


technological developments 2003 22–3, 24


see also heavy machine guns; light machine guns

macroeconomics, effect of small arms on development 2001 231–4

Madagascar

armed forces 2011 172–3, 188

cattle raiding 2011 182–4

coup (2009) 2011 176–80

crime, armed 2011 180–1

dahalo 2011 181–4

French colonialism 2011 169–70

gendarmerie 2011 170, 172

illegal trafficking 2011 184–6

Imerina Kingdom 2011 169

independence 2011 171

police 2011 172, 181


politicization of the military 2011 173–4, 188

rosewood trafficking 2011 185

rural areas, insecurity 2011 181–4

security sector 2011 3–4, 5–6, 167–88

Third Republic 2011 174–6

weapons, stockpile management 2011 181

Maersk Alabama, hijacking 2012 198

mafia

armed violence 2013 1, 3, 75–6, 80–8

arsenals 2013 89–91

children 2013 95

code of honour 2013 86

definition 2013 78

fire groups (gruppi di fuoco) 2013 94–6


firearms trafficking 2013 93–4

groups 2013 77–80


MAG general-purpose machine gun, licensed production 2007 18

Magnum, .357 handgun 2011 74

Mahdi Army/Jaish al-Mahdi (JEM), firearms 2010 122

Mahely Ind. & Co. (Argentina) 2001 28

maintenance of firearms

guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223


repairers 2005 43–4, 45, 46–9

Makarov pistols

Burundi 2007 204

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 60, 61, 63, 64

Georgia 2003 201

Kyrgyzstan black market 2004 319, 321



production 2001 33, 2002 25

Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu (Machinery and Chemical Industry Establishment)

(MKEK) (Turkey) 2001 40, 2002 19–20


licensed production 2002 50–1, 53

Malaita (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 302, 2005 30

Malaita Eagle Force (Solomon Islands) 2003 35, 302

Malakal (Sudan), violence 2010 289–90

MALAO see Mouvement contre les Armes Légères en Afrique de l’Ouest

Malawi


exports, transparency 2013 183, 2014 130

policing 2004 224, 227, 2007 184



Malaysia

exports


irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101


value 2001 148

imports



MANPADS 2004 87


value 2002 2005 106, 108

value 2003 2006 76


norms 2003 235

production


illicit 2001 46







stockpiles


security 2004 55, 56



Maldives, Republic of the

irresponsible transfers to Pakistan 2007 104


Mali

ammunition availability 2005 19, 20, 30

armed groups 2006 252, 255, 257, 259, 261

community’s view of armed groups 2005 193

long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 196, 197

stockpiles 2003 82, 2005 187

arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 165–7, 169, 172–3

availability factors in conflict 2005 186

benefits of peace 2005 199

control measures, transfers 2007 128




imports 2004 113

production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47


weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 288, 302, 311, 2003 279, 2009 240


women, small arms control 2014 40

malnutrition, indirect conflict deaths 2005 254–5

Malta




illicit transfers from, to Rwanda 2002 132

imports 2006 69


production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57

Malyutka missiles 2011 30, 32

man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) 2004 3, 77–97

Afghanistan, seizures 2003 76

attacks on aircraft 2008 12, 13

control measures 2004 90–4, 2005 109, 110, 124, 127–9, 130–7





definition 2011 30

definitions of small arms 2003 59

destruction programmes 2008 80, 99–102

developments 2008 18

diversion 2008 119, 120

end-use monitoring 2008 170


Georgia 2003 203–4

held by non-state armed groups 2008 32–3

illicit

Afghanistan 2012 334, 348–9

Iraq 2012 326–9, 348–9

Mexico 2013 300–1

Somalia 2012 339–40


illicit transfers, Kazakhstan 2012 122


licensed and unlicensed production 2007 7, 20, 21, 22, 28


manufacturing sectors 2005 58, 59, 60, 61–3

military procurement 2006 12, 14–15

parts 2012 244

producers 2011 31


licensed 2007 7, 20, 21, 22, 28

unlicensed 2007 7, 20, 21, 22, 28

stockpiles 2004 46, 83–4, 2008 17–18

theft 2008 53–4

threats from 2010 316

transfers 2002 116, 2006 66–7, 79, 2011 33–5

types 2008 16–18


controls 2014 121, 122


Managua (Nicaragua)

gangs 2013 47–69


Manchester (United Kingdom), gang violence 2010 137, 145

mandates, peacekeeping forces 2003 295–6, 299

Mandaue City (Philippines) 2003 34

Mandela, Nelson, Burundi 2007 199

Mané, Ansumane 2006 254

Manenberg (South Africa) 2006 305

Manila (Philippines)


violence 2007 145

mano dura (iron fist) strategies 2013 12, 69

Mano River Union, armed groups 2006 251

MANPADS see man-portable air defence systems

Manroy Engineering (United Kingdom) 2001 19, 2002 40


Manufacture Nationale d’armes de St Étienne (France) 2002 51, 53

manufacturers see production

manufacturers’ marks, weapons identification 2009 114–16

Manufactures d’Armes Automatiques de Bayonne (France), licensed production 2007 27

Maoism

Nepal 2002 101–2, 2003 107, 113

People’s War militaries 2005 77, 2006 47, 49

mapping, weapons tracing 2014 221

MAPU Lautaro (Chile) 2003 28

Maputo (Mozambique), carjackings 2007 172

Mara Dieciocho (Mara 18)

gang violence 2010 138, 140

prison gangs 2010 164

Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)

gang violence 2010 69, 85, 138, 139, 140

prison gangs 2010 164

maras

Central America 2012 18, 64, 2013 47


gangs 2008 290

prison gangs 2010 157, 164–5

March 23 Movement (M23) 2013 117–18, 119

marginalization, young men and small arms 2006 301, 305–6

marijuana, Brazil 2007 241, 301

Marikana mine (South Africa), police shootings 2013 144

Marines, firearms stocks 2001 74

marital status, firearm suicides, Brazil 2007 244, 245

Mark 19 grenade launchers 2011 25

marketing norms 2003 231

markets

global trade 2003 12–13, 101

non-lethal weapons 2003 25

prices 2007 264



marking

ammunition 2005 25–9, 31


covert transfers 2007 97

Inter-American Convention 2001 253, 256, 2002 245–6, 247

International Tracing Instrument 2006 95, 99, 100, 106–7

inventory management 2002 261

lot-marking 2007 303, 311



NATO/EAPC 2001 274

norms 2003 231


UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 240–1, 246, 247

UN Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts 2012 223–7


UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–8

see also tracing

marksmen 2004 29

Marlin Firearms Co. (United States) 2001 26, 2004 13–14, 2005 54


rifles used in crime in US 2001 24

Marrakesh (Morocco), bombings 2013 243

marriage, forced 2014 18, 25–6

Marshall Islands

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 284


MAS FAMAS rifle 2011 77

masculinity


gun culture 2005 205, 211, 2014 28

initmate partner violence 2013 33–4

male youth 2006 295–317

militarized 2014 14

symbolism of small arms 2006 314–16

Yemen 2003 185

Maseru (Lesotho), carjackings 2007 172

al-Masri, Sharif 2008 117

mass shootings

civilians, injury to killed ratio 2002 161

legislative and policy responses 2011 266–7

Massachusetts (United States)

civilian firearms




massed infantry doctrine, military stockpiles 2005 77

Matiep, Paulino 2007 323, 324, 340, 2010 278, 280, 292, 296

Matra BAe Dynamics (France) 2004 82, 83

Matravideki Femmuvek (MFS) (Hungary) 2001 37

Mauritania 2005 167

stockpiles

military 2005 88

police 2005 89

Mauritius 2004 234, 240

Mauser 98 rifles, Iraq 2012 320, 321

Mauser Werke (Germany) 2001 32




Mayors Against Illegal Guns (United States) 2008 285

Mbabane (Swaziland), crime 2007 171, 172

McCallum, Bradley 2005 152

McDowell, Michael 2007 44

McIntyre, Angela 2006 143

McLay, Jim 2012 222, 236

McMillan Bros. Rifles (United States) 2005 52

McVeigh, Timothy 2013 231

MDRP see World Bank, Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme

means

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 147–8, 149, 150, 153–8


prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 263, 264, 265–6

measures see control measures

Mechanikai Muvek (Hungary) 2001 37

Médecins sans frontières (MSF)

Burundi 2007 210, 212–14, 215

Darfur 2005 236–7

Georgia 2003 210

Medellín (Colombia) 2006 234




gangs





Medellín Plan Desarme (Colombia) 2008 292

media 2005 143–5

conflict deaths 2005 150–1, 235–8, 241–8

data on legal transfers 2002 123


public awareness campaigns, weapons collection 2002 309

symbolic role of small arms, young men 2006 307–10

medical care, non-lethal armed violence 2012 82–3

medical costs

costs of gun violence 2003 133

costs of small arms violence 2006 189–91, 195–7, 199, 201–4, 207–8

medical profession, firearm-related mortality and injuries 2002 162

medical services see healthcare services

Meek, Sarah 2002 294

Me’ekamui Army (Bougainville) 2003 282, 303

Meeting of Governmental Experts see United Nations, Open-ended Meeting of Governmental

Experts

megacities 2007 162

armed violence 2007 164, 167–9

megaslums 2007 169

Mehserle, Johannes 2011 91–2

Mekanika Indústria e Comércio (Brazil) 2001 29

men

armed youth 2006 295–317

gender relations 2014 19–20

victimization

Colombia 2006 215, 228, 239


see also masculinity

Men and Women in Partnership–Liberia 2014 19

Mendi Peace Agreement (2002) 2006 157

Mendoza (Argentina), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 307–10,

2003 280

Menem, Carlos 2001 102, 2002 135

mental health

civilian firearms users 2011 276–7

indirect effects of small arms 2001 215


and violent behaviour 2008 254, 255

mentally disabled people, policing 2004 236–7

mentoring, violence reduction programmes 2006 316

Mercado Commún del Sur (MERCOSUR) 2001 258

mercenaries, armed groups 2006 253

Messina, Leonardo 2013 89

Meste, Philippe 2005 155

metacities 2007 162

Metal Storm (Australia) 2003 21, 24

non-lethal shotguns 2011 83


Metallist Urlask Plant (Kazakhstan) 2005 56, 2012 131

Metalnor Industria (Chile) 2001 30

methodology


estimating global suicides and homicides 2004 201–2

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310

Mexican Mafia (MM) (United States) 2010 160–1

drug violence 2012 42, 44

Mexico


cocaine 2012 49, 50

confiscated weapons 2010 105

control measures






cartel typology 2012 56

cartels in Central America 2012 61–2, 63–4

drug violence 2012 2, 3–4, 41, 46, 48, 49, 51–60

firearms 2012 29, 55, 56–60

exports


to China 2004 129


irresponsible transfers from 2007 107

to Israel 2007 102

parts 2012 255, 257–8

transparency 2004 117, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 291, 293,

2013 183, 2014 130


value 2001 2004 105

value 2003 2006 68, 71


femicides 2013 20

firearm homicides 2012 13, 16–17

firearm homicides and suicides 2001 209, 240, 2003 138, 2004 53


gangs




homicides 2009 228

illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2005 162


from the United States 2001 188, 2002 135, 2003 108, 2012 56–60

illicit weapons 2013 2, 5, 283–302, 311–12, 2014 258, 265

craft-produced 2013 293

data 2013 285


seized caches 2013 309


sources 2013 294–302

types and models 2013 289–94

imports 2003 108



list of exporters 2005 103, 105, 2006 71, 72

MANPADS 2004 87


mortars 2011 25




value 2001 2004 110

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 76







production


licensed 2002 45, 51, 2007 15, 26


survey of producers 2001 25, 27, 53, 2002 57, 2004 17, 18, 24–5


stockpiles 2003 87, 2004 51, 52, 53

civilian holdings 2004 53, 2007 47–8, 124


victimization survey 2012 90


weapons diverted from United States 2008 63

Mezosy, Geza 2001 100, 2004 164

MFS 2000 Magyar Loszergyarto (Hungary) 2003 41–2

MFS see Matravideki Femmuvek

MG1/2/3 Series machine gun 2001 19, 20

MG3 machine gun 2001 40

MG42 machine guns, Iraq 2012 322

MGE see United Nations, Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts

MIA see Ministry of Internal Affairs

MIC see Military Industry Corporation

micro-disarmament 2002 282, 2003 292

microeconomics, small arms as a threat to development 2001 229–31

Micronesia, Federated States of


imports 2004 280

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 283, 284

Middle East

ammunition 2005 14

distribution of producing countries 2002 10



imports 2002 16, 2003 101–2

insurgents and other non-state combatants 1999 2001 79, 2002 130

policing, average number of officers 2006 42


production

craft production 2002 16–17



licensed production 2002 41, 48–53


survey of producers 2001 38–40, 2002 16–20

stockpiles 2003 77–80, 2005 71–2, 78, 79, 85–91

2002 update 2002 90–4



military 2006 52, 53, 58

transfers, value 2000 2003 100

Middle East and North Africa (MENA), production, licensed and unlicensed 2007 23

migration

firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 235–6


Mil-Tec Corporation, Ltd. 2001 104

MILAN ATGWs 2011 31, 32


production 2012 252, 260–1

Somalia 2012 339–40

MILF see Moro Islamic Liberation Front

milícias paramilitaries, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2012 70–1

militant groups

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 223, 232–43

knowledge proliferation 2013 241–3

in prison 2010 165–7

state sponsorship 2013 232–3

Militants combattants (Burundi) 2007 202, 206–7


military collapse, and arms diversion 2008 60–2

military doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45–52, 56

military explosives, source for IEDs 2013 232–5

military firearms

ammunition 2001 27, 2002 14

customs codes 2009 10, 26


European Union 2003 104

export controls 2009 61–97

exports 2001 146–7, 2002 115–17, 2006 67, 69–73

to Cyprus 2003 105




manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 49–53, 55–7, 58–62

market 2004 38

marking and tracing 2006 107

parts, transfers 2012 258–61

pistols 2004 28

power 2007 48

production 2002 14, 2004 10–11, 13–14, 16, 2006 7–30

ammunition 2002 14

Argentina 2001 29

Canada 2001 27

global production 2001 12–14, 2002 9–10, 13, 15

licensed and unlicensed 2007 7–32


United States 2001 26, 2002 29

Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54

technology and innovation 2003 21

trade decline 2003 102

transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54, 60–1

transfers

2006 2009 28–30, 32–9

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 23–5


trends in exports 1995–1999 2002 147

see also military rifles

Military Industry Corporation (MIC) (Sudan) 2002 18–19

ammunition production 2014 194, 195–6, 198–9, 202

weapons production 2014 231–2

military integration, post-conflict security 2009 233, 236

military intervention, cost-benefit analysis 2006 195

military personnel, thefts of weapons by 2008 49, 51


accessories 2012 272–5

age of stock 2006 14–16

Cambodia 2006 135


development of new weapons 2006 23

importers 2006 74

neighbouring country’s, prices 2007 264, 266, 271, 281, 282, 283

production estimates 2006 54–6

weapons prices 2007 263, 264, 267, 281, 283

Military Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI) 2001 109, 2011 108

military rifles


exports, from the United States 2001 154, 155

global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13

military shotguns 2001 155

military sidearms, global production 1980–2000 2001 13

military small arms, transfers, trends 2001–2011 2014 113–17

military stockpiles 2006 37–60

Africa 2003 80, 81, 83–4




by country 2006 44

Cambodia 2006 119, 125

Central African Republic 2005 311, 312, 314


China 2002 94, 95, 2005 81

Colombia 2005 161, 2006 219–20

Constabulary militaries 2006 50–1

crossover to civilian market 2007 54, 60–1


distribution of firearms 2001 4, 59


2002 update 2002 137–8

Albania 1997 2001 176–7, 200–1, 273, 2002 76–7, 298–9, 2006 38, 44, 47



Chile 2006 85

Colombia 2005 161


Georgia 2005 171–2

Kazakhstan 2001 179

Mali 2005 165–6, 169



Sierra Leone 2001 172–3

South America 2006 65, 83, 85

Tajikistan 2005 170

terrorist groups 2004 102

US Army 2002 260–1

West African armed groups 2006 254–5, 259, 266

Europe 2003 66

Finland 2004 46

firearms attrition 2001 76–7

global estimates 2001 59, 71–7, 88, 2002 73, 75, 76, 102–4, 103–4, 2006 37–8, 45, 52–4,

2007 43

Iraq 2004 44–50

Japan 2005 82


largest 2006 56–8


marking 2002 244

methodology 2001 65, 2004 46, 2005 76–8


military doctrine 2002 74–9, 2006 45–52, 56

multipliers 2005 77

North Korea 2005 83

Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 84

Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 287–90


People’s War militaries 2006 47–50

post-Cold War surplus weapons 2001 76

pre-automatic, data on 2007 43

procurement 2006 14–16

relative significance 2007 42

reserve militaries 2006 51–2

reserve weapons 2001 71–2, 80, 2002 85

sold to civilians in the US 2003 61


South Korea 2005 83


Switzerland, transfer to civilian ownership 2007 54

Taiwan 2005 84

Togo 2002 81, 82

transferred to civilian market 2002 246

transparency 2001 72–3, 2006 45, 58–60

Trinitarian militaries 2006 46–7

types of weapons 2006 53, 54


United States 2001 66, 2002 83–6, 2003 17, 2006 44, 46, 47, 53, 56, 57

weapons-to-troop ratios 2002 75–7, 79

see also national stockpiles; stockpiles; surplus weapons

military strategy, stockpiles 2006 45–52, 56

militias

Algeria 2007 77

Burundi 2007 202, 206–7

Cambodia 2006 130–1, 134

Central African Republic 2005 305–10, 311, 312

changing roles 2010 269–72




Georgia 2003 193, 194, 197, 205–10

Haiti 2007 174



Nigeria 2005 75

Republic of the Congo 2003 256–73, 2014 151–3

Somalia 2007 92–4

South Sudan 2007 317, 318–19, 320, 321–5

Switzerland 2002 78


Uganda 2006 287



political 2007 174, 175

Venezuela 2007 186


West Africa 2006 247–67, 249

see also paramilitaries; pro-government armed groups

Milkor Multiple Grenade Launcher (MGL) 2003 23

Millennium Development Goals 2013 146

Millennium Project 2005 287

‘Million Faces’ petition 2014 78

Mine Ban Treaty (Ottawa Convention) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use,

Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction

(1997)

Minera Yanacocha (Peru) 2011 148–9, 156

mines

limpet mines 2008 9

Ottawa Convention (1997) 2008 9, 94–5

see also landmines

Mines Advisory Group (MAG), Mpila explosions (Republic of the Congo) 2014 150, 163, 166,

167

Minigun, as light weapon 2008 10

Minimi (M249) light machine gun 2001 26, 2003 113

Burundi 2007 204


production 2001 26, 2004 31

licensed

acquiring countries 2007 18

worldwide 2002 45


US Army acquisitions 2000 2002 86


Minin, Leonid 2004 163–4, 2008 121, 135

mining, explosives, diversion 2013 235–7

Ministry of Defence Military Industrial Department (Armenia) 2003 48

Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) (Georgia) 2003 203–4

MINUCI see United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire

MINURCA see United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic

MINUSTAH see United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti

mirror statistics, global trade 2006 66–7

MISAC see Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls

Misagh-1 MANPADS, Iraq 2012 327

Miskine, Abdulaye 2005 309

Misr assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 17

identifying 2009 113

Misseriya Arabs, Sudan 2010 296

missile-launching weapons see man-portable air defence systems

missiles, Georgia 2003 203–4

Mistral 2004 82, 83, 84

MK 19 grenade launcher 2002 84, 86, 2008 24

MK 118 Mod 0 High Explosive Dual-Purpose (HEDP) warhead 2008 25

MKE (Turkey) 2013 189, 190

MKEK see Makina ve Kimya Endustrisi Kurumu

Mkhedrioni forces (Georgia) 2003 193–4

ML see Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List

MLC see Movement de libération du Congo

MLPC see Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain

MLRS see multiple-launch rocket system

MM see Mexican Mafia

Mmono, B. S. 2008 197

MNCs see multinational corporations

MNLF see Moro National Liberation Front

MNSTC-I see Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq

mobilization

People’s War doctrine 2006 47–50

Reserve militaries 2006 51–2

Mobutu Sese Seko, Joseph 2013 117

arms for UNITA in Angola 2001 117–18, 119, 173, 2005 192

Central African Republic 2005 304, 317–18

diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108

Mockus, Antanas 2006 230–2

Model 92FS self-loading pistol 2007 10

MODEL see Movement for Democracy in Liberia

modelling, costs of small arms violence 2006 192

modular assault rifles 2003 24

modular weapons 2012 246

Mogadishu (Somalia), armed violence 2012 160, 162

Mohamed, Abdelrahim 2007 325

Moi, Daniel Arap 2001 175, 2013 107

Mojahideen al-Khalq 2002 90

mokahala 2005 87

‘Mokhtar’ machine guns, South Sudan 2014 233

Moldova

ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 93


DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 284, 293, 2005 290


exports 2003 109–10, 2004 103



illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2002 132




production 2001 16, 30, 34, 53, 2002 57

seizures of illicit arms 2001 176

sub-machine guns, diverted to Liberia 2008 116, 117

theft from military stockpile 2008 55

MoldTransavia 2008 117

Molot Joint Stock Company (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2004 14, 15, 16, 122

Mombasa (Kenya), MANPADS attack (2002) 2004 85, 86, 87–8, 90, 2008 12

Monaco

production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57


money laundering, brokers 2001 106–7

Mongolia


imports 2002 147

monitoring 2004 5, 249–71




inter-governmental, data on legal transfers 2001 144



Monitoring the Implementation of Small Arms Controls (MISAC) 2004 259

Monrovia (Liberia) 2002 134, 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12

Monsieur, Jacques 2001 106, 2014 156

Montaz i Mechanika (Bulgaria) 2003 44

Montenegro


ammunition





exports

transparency 2010 13, 15, 2011 16, 2012 292, 302, 305, 2013 181, 183, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 134

illicit transfers from, to the KLA 2004 133

law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40



see also Serbia and Montenegro

Monterrico Metals plc 2011 153

Montesinos, Vladimiro 2005 163, 2008 120, 123, 124, 129, 134, 135, 136

Montevideo Free Zone, exports, weapon sights 2012 270–1

Montreux Document on Pertinent International Obligations and Good Practices for States

Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies during Armed Conflict

2011 124–5, 127, 151, 157

Montserrat, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Moore, Michael 2005 21

Mopita, Jean-Claude 2014 163

Moqtada al-Sadr militia, explosions at arms depots 2010 322

moratoriums, disarmament 2003 309

morbidity, design of weapons 2001 211

Moritán, Roberto García 2011 54

Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) (Philippines) 2006 253, 2010 319

illicit production 2001 46, 2013 310–11


illicit weapons 2013 302–4, 308


stockpiles 2002 98

Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) 2001 183, 2005 285, 2010 117

firearms 2010 122

Morocco


production


licensed 2007 15


stockpiles 2005 86–7, 89, 90


Morris, Janet and Chris 2011 84

mortality

data 2002 162



trends 2002 162

victims 2002 163–6

Yemen 2003 172

see also firearm homicides; firearm suicides

mortar bombs, parts 2012 244

mortar grenades, Colombia 2006 223

mortar rounds

Iranian, Sudan 2014 229

Sudanese 2014 233

mortar tubes, Sudanese 2014 233

mortars

attack on Monrovia (2003) 2005 182–3, 2008 11–12

Burundi 2007 86, 197, 204, 212, 213

Colombia 2006 223, 225



FAMAE 2001 30

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 60, 61–2

guidance systems 2008 27

home-made 2013 61–2

lethality 2008 11–12


parts 2012 244

production 2001 41, 2002 72, 2004 8, 33–4, 2005 57, 2008 26–7

ranges 2008 26, 27


stockpiles 2002 63, 70–3, 2004 46


transfers 2010 10, 27–32, 2011 24–5

transport of 2008 10

types 2008 26–7

types of 2010 28

Moscow (Russian Federation)

distance from, prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 263, 269, 281, 282, 283


private security companies, firearm stockpiles 2011 113

Moscow Accords (1994) 2003 207

Moscow coup, Georgia 2003 198

Mosin-Nagant rifles, Iraq 2012 320

Mossberg 500 shotgun 2011 83

Mossberg, O.F. & Sons (United States) 2005 54

12GA Shotgun, used in crime in the US 2001 24



shotgun barrels, tranfers 2012 257–8


Mothers Against Gang Warfare (MAGW) (United States) 2008 234

motivations

demand for small arms 2006 143, 144–5, 147–8, 149–53, 158




prices of assault rifles 2007 262, 263, 264, 265–6, 271


West African armed groups 2006 248, 250–2, 258


‘Mouflon’ 2003 243

Mouvement contre les Armes Légères en Afrique de l’Ouest (MALAO) 2014 52, 53

Mouvement de libération du peuple centrafricain (MLPC) 2005 307–8, 312

Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) 2003 82, 2006 254, 256


Movement of Central African Liberators (Mouvement des Libérateurs Centrafricains pour la

Justice) (MLCJ) 2010 324

Movement de libération du Congo (MLC) 2005 304

Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL) 2005 167–9, 2006 249, 256

Movement of the Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) (Senegal) 2005 199, 2006 249,

254

Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea (RFDG) 2003 82, 2006 249, 256

Movement for Justice and Peace (Mouvement pour la justice et la paix) 2006 256

Movement of Nigeriens for Justice, arms depots 2010 322

Mozambique

AK-47 2001 17, 2002 66


DDR and weapons reduction 2005 277, 285, 290, 2009 185

Operation Rachel 1995–2003 2003 244, 279, 2005 290

peace process 2003 304, 305, 2005 277, 285

Tools for Arms Project 1995–2001 2002 294, 302, 2003 279



NGOs and control 2002 243


policing

extrajudicial execution 2004 230

post-conflict reform 2004 240


prices

AK47 rifle 2002 66



stockpiles 2001 62, 64, 2003 80


weapons lotteries 2009 240

MP-5 machine gun, Iraqi Security Forces 2007 83

MPCI see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire

Mpila ammunition depot explosions (Republic of the Congo) (2012) 2014 5, 145–70

blast radius 2014 158–9

casualities 2014 145, 146, 159–61

causes 2014 148–50

chronology 2014 146–8

consequences 2014 156–66

damage and loss 2014 157–9

depot contents 2014 150–1

economic impacts 2014 146

evaluation survey 2014 145, 146, 167

government response 2014 161–4

infrastructure damage 2014 164–5

international response 2014 166

provenance of the ammunition 2014 151–6

storage conditions 2014 155

MPRI see Military Professional Resources Inc.

MPT (Tondar) 2002 52

Mpumalanga (South Africa), fatal injuries 2013 137

MS-13 see Mara Salvatrucha

MSF see Médecins sans frontières

Mthethwa, Nathi 2013 143

Mudanjiang North Alloy Tool (China) 2014 196

Mugabe, Robert 2001 108, 109

Muggah, Robert 2006 144

mugobore 2007 204, 205

mujahideen forces, illicit transfers to, craft production in Pakistan 2003 32–3

Multi-Donor Fund 2009 271

Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq (MNSTC-I)

irresponsible transfers to Iraq 2007 85



controls, brokering 2002 256–7

disarmament and human development 2003 151–4

marking 2002 245–7

multinational corporations (MNCs)

corporate social responsibility 2011 139–41, 151–3

extractive industries 2011 139

private security companies, use of 2011 5, 135–58

security

accountability 2011 151–3

hybrid 2011 2–3, 146–50

in-house security 2011 141–3

international or domestic 2011 143

needs 2011 136–41

public security 2011 143–6


multiple system estimation (MSE), conflict deaths 2005 239, 240, 241, 242–3

multiple-launch rocket system (MLRS)

demilitarization 2013 188, 194–5

transfers, to Europe 2003 104

Mumbai (India)

gangs, membership 2010 106, 107


urbanization 2007 162, 168

municipal arms reduction, Colombia 2006 230–3

municipal governments, violence reduction programmes 2007 171, 178–88

munitions, Arms Trade Treaty 2014 82

Munora Holdings (Malaysia) 2001 43, 2002 51, 53

murders see homicides

Murle people (Sudan) 2007 334, 335, 337–8

militia 2014 215

weapons 2014 226, 227, 237, 238


museums, civilian firearms 2011 286

Museveni, Yoweri 2002 291, 2006 274–5

muskets, Yemen 2003 172

Muslim Brotherhood see Ikhwan-ul Muslimoon

mutinies, Central African Republic 2005 320, 321–2

muzzle-loading firearms 2002 114, 115, 147, 2005 51–3

Myanmar 2002 129, 142–3

ammunition, procurement 2010 32






illicit transfers to 2002 133, 2004 131


imports



MANPADS 2004 88

non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 33



production


illicit 2001 46




naciones, Ecuador 2010 211

NADER anti-tank rockets, Iraq 2012 324

Nadi Framework 2004 301, 2011 265

Nagorno-Karabakh

illicit transfers to 2001 178, 179–80, 2002 133



Nairobi (Kenya)


urban violence 2007 163, 175


Nairobi Best Practice Guidelines (2005), transfer controls 2008 160–2

Nairobi Declaration (2000) 2001 263–4, 2002 242, 262

Nairobi Guidelines 2007 130

Nairobi Protocol (2004) 2005 24, 125, 126, 135, 2010 49–50, 2011 264, 2013 35



NAM see Non-Aligned Movement

Namibia


brokers, diamond trade in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108



DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2003 292, 2005 290, 2009 185


exports


irresponsible transfers to Angola 2007 98


imports 2003 118, 2005 103, 2006 72, 74, 76

policing, post-conflict reform 2004 240

prices



naming and shaming, West African armed groups 2006 265–6

Nammo AS (Finland/Sweden/Norway) 2003 15

Nammo Buck GmbH (Germany) 2013 189, 190, 194, 203

Nammo Demil LLC 2013 193

Nammo Lapua Oy (Finland) 2002 12

Nammo NAD (Norway) 2013 189, 190, 203

Nammo (Norway), airburst grenades 2011 25

Nammo Vingåkersverken (Sweden) 2013 199, 202, 203

Nasir Peace Force (Sudan) 2007 324

Nasser, Gamal Abdul 2003 175

national action plans (NAPs), small arms control and women 2014 46–54

National Anti-mafia Directorate see Direzione Nazionale Antimafia

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) 2006 120

National Army of Independent Kampuchea (ANKI) (Cambodia) 2006 120–1, 125, 126

National Capital District (NCD) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 166, 167–78

national commissions, disarmament 2003 293

National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (NCDDR) (Sierra

Leone) 2003 307

National Congress for the Defense of the Congolese People (CNDP) (Democratic Republic of

the Congo), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

National Congress Party (NCP) (Sudan) 2007 318, 321–2, 333

relations with GoSS 2010 277–8

national control measures

air cargo companies 2001 112–14

air transportation 2010 50–4


brokers 2001 96, 101–2, 103–5, 123–6, 130, 2002 254–5

civilian ownership 2007 62, 63

Chile 2003 28–9

Europe 2003 66–7


Turkey 2003 31–2

illicit craft production

Ghana 2003 30

Philippines 2003 35

MANPADS 2005 130–7

marking 2002 244–5

transport agents 2001 123–6, 130


National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (Sudan) 2001 174

National Democratic Front for Bodoland (NDFB) 2001 181

National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP), weapon-related commitments 2010 317,

318

National Disarmament Commission (NDC) (Afghanistan) 2009 292–3

National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) (United States) 2012 95, 96

National Gun Control Committee (NGCC) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 184

National Gun Summit (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 167

national immunization days (NIDs) 2002 170

National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) (South Africa) 2012 96, 97, 2013

136–7

National Islamic Front (NIF) 2010 278

national laws

Great Lakes region and Horn of Africa 2002 262–3

UN Small Arms Conference (2001), draft Programme of Action 2002 208–9

national legislation, civilian ownership, controls 2002 263–71

National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia) 2006 216

civilian casualties 2006 224




illicit trafficking 2006 222

stockpiles 2001 80, 2002 82–3, 2006 221

National Liberation Army (NLA) (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2003 67





National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 2010 187

National Organisation for Military Production (NOMP) (Egypt) 2001 38–9

National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) 2003 82, 2005 167, 193, 194

National Points of Contact (NPCs) 2006 58–60, 83, 2011 43, 59, 61

National Redemption Front (Sudan) 2007 92

National Reloading Manufacturers Association 2005 15

National Resistance Army (NRA) (Uganda) 2005 187, 196, 2006 274–5

National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti (Front pour la Libération et la

Reconstruction Nationales) 2011 231–3

National Rifle Association (NRA) (United States) 2004 70–1, 2005 75





UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 247


national security


exports, transparency 2007 96




state demand for small arms 2006 147

state-to-state transfers, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239

transparency of legal transfers 2001 142

National Security Committee (KNB) (Kazakhstan) attacks on 2012 107, 116, 136

National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), illicit transfers to 2001 181

national sovereignty


brokering controls 2002 255–6, 257

Colombia 2006 217

humanitarian approach to small arms 2002 177


national controls 2002 272

state demand for small arms 2006 147

tracing and marking 2006 107–8, 109–10

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–4

national stockpiles


definition 2008 44

diversions

extra-security force diversion 2008 53–6


intra-security force diversion 2008 48–53

issued stocks 2008 51


military collapse 2008 60–2

official conspiracy 2008 56–9

types 2008 46

management of 2008 59–60


security of 2008 52–3, 55–6, 66, 69–70

surplus 2008 86–9


thefts from storage 2008 48–51, 53–4

see also military stockpiles

national transfer reports 2003 98–102

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) see União Nacional para a

Independência Total de Angola

NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization

natural resources



South Sudan 2007 317, 318, 333

Yemen 2003 172

Nauru




imports 2004 280, 281

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284


navies

firearms stocks 2001 74

Georgia 2003 197

Nazarbayev, Nursultan 2012 109, 116, 132

Nazi Germany, weapons collection 2009 165

NCACC see South Africa, National Conventional Arms Control Committee

NCD see National Capital District

NCDDR see National Committee for Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration

NCP see National Congress Party

NDA see National Democratic Alliance

Ndadaye, Melchior 2007 199

Ndayikengurukiye, Colonel Jean-Bosco 2007 218

NDC see National Disarmament Commission

NDFB see National Democratic Front for Bodoland

NDFP see National Democratic Front of the Philippines

Ndoubabé, Victor 2005 309

NDPVF see Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force

’Ndrangheta

firearms 2013 89

firearms trafficking 2013 93

homicides 2013 83, 84, 85

structure 2013 79

NDV see Niger Delta Vigilante

NDVF see Niger Delta Volunteer Force

necessity, policing 2004 218–19

Negev machine gun 2002 35, 123

negotiation, disarmament 2003 277–316

neighbourhood watch groups (NWGs), Somaliland 2012 163, 166

neighbourhood watch schemes



NEISS see National Electronic Injury Surveillance System

Nelegal operation (Kazakhstan) 2012 122

Nepal

ammunition, procurement 2010 32

armed violence impacts on children 2009 200

attacks on schools 2009 204

caste system 2014 23

conflict, sexual violence 2014 21



firearms, gendered attitudes 2014 23–4

imports 2003 97, 113, 2004 125, 2005 106


from the United States 2003 97, 107, 113, 2004 120, 121

value 2001 2004 109




production 2002 57

social norms 2014 24–6, 27–8

stockpiles 2002 79, 80, 101–2

violence against women and girls 2014 4, 9, 20–6, 28–9


women, conflict roles 2014 21–2, 38

Neshat, Shirin 2005 148–9

Netherlands


brokering 2004 161

controls 2002 254


international cooperation on 2004 150

licensing 2004 153, 154, 155, 156






export controls, exceptions 2009 79

exports

ammunition 2009 16









national reporting 2001 150–1, 2002 119, 120, 122


tracing 2014 223


transparency 2005 110, 111, 112, 2007 88, 2009 8, 49, 2010 8, 15, 2011 16, 2012 292,

298, 299, 300, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 134


value 2002 2005 104




gangs, gun ownership 2010 110, 111

imports


Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 12







value 1994–1998 2001 157

value 2001 2004 110

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 76




non-fatal firearm injuries 2012 96

police handguns 2011 74



production




MANPADS 2004 81



stockpiles

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 58–9

military 2006 45


transfers, transit trade 2003 104–5


Netherlands Antilles, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Neutron Research and Production (Armenia) 2003 48

New Caledonia



imports 2004 280, 281, 282

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284

New Forces (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249


New Jersey (United States)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 282



reporting requirements 2011 291





New Lachaussée 2005 14

New Orleans (United States), homicide rate 2007 165

New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) 2005 287

New People’s Army (NPA) (Philippines), illicit weapons 2013 302–4

New South Wales (Australia)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280




new wars, humanitarian impacts 2002 173–6, 181, 184–6

New York City (United States)


homicides 1968-2004 2007 166, 184

policing, broken-window theory 2007 184

New York Convention on Transit Trade of Land-locked States 2014 91

New Zealand

Bougainville conflict 2004 294, 295

civilian firearms


licences 2011 280





storage requirements 2011 292, 293

user regulation 2011 276, 277, 278, 279

civilian ownership 2004 283, 301, 302, 303







exports 2001 148

reporting of 2009 27



imports 2004 281, 282




value 2003 2006 74, 77


mortar production 2008 27

production





smuggling 2004 285



law enforcement 2006 40, 43

leakage 2004 287, 288


UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 210–11

violence and crime 2004 179, 295, 2006 194, 200

Newmont Mining Corporation 2011 148–9, 156

Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26

NF see Nuestra Familia

NF Segurança 2011 150

NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security (NGOWG) 2014 37–8, 57

NGOs see non-governmental organizations

NGOWG see NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security

Niari (Republic of the Congo) 2003 267–8

Nicaragua


Contra war 2013 48

control measures





crime statistics 2013 48–9

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 74, 292–4, 302, 2003 280, 282, 2005 277, 290

destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 100, 101


diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 122, 124, 126

exports, human rights 2004 130, 132

firearm homicides 2012 13, 16, 18–19



gangs 2013 1, 3, 47–69

before 1990 2013 49–50

1990 to 2005 2013 50–1

2005 to the present 2013 51–2


knowledge and training 2013 66–7, 68


weapon sources 2013 63–6, 68


home-made weapons 2013 61–3


homicides 2009 227, 228

illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 188–9, 2003 116, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85

illicit transfers to, Cold War grey market 2001 169


insecurity 2002 166, 195

pandillas 2013 1, 12, 47–8, 53–69

police, source of gang weapons 2013 65–6


prices





personnel 2011 105

stockpiles, civilian holdings 2007 65

urban policing 2013 52

Nicaragua–Honduras, DDR programmes 2009 185

niche markets 2003 10, 20–3

NIF see National Islamic Front

Niger


DDR programmes 2005 291, 2009 185




to Liberia 2004 132

to RUF in Sierra Leone 2002 132, 2004 132

imports, authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 113



Niger Delta

multinational corporations, security 2011 148–9

resource conflict 2013 103, 118, 119

Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force (NDPVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 263, 2010 270

Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) (Nigeria) 2006 249, 263

Niger Delta Volunteer Force (NDVF) (Nigeria) 2006 249

Nigeria

armed groups

command structure 2006 252




motivations 2006 250–1

typology 2006 249

civilian firearms ownership 2007 172



disarmament attempt 2005 75

diversion, weapons from Yugoslavia to Liberia 2008 121


to Liberia 2004 144

to Mali 2005 167


imports 2004 114, 2005 103



improvised explosive devices (IEDs), casualties 2013 226

MANPADS 2006 256

non-lethal armed violence 2012 82, 83

policing, urban political armed violence 2007 175

prices



private security companies 2011 143, 148–9

armed 2011 114

personnel 2011 105

training 2011 124


production

ammunition 2005 15



licensed 2002 43, 45, 46–7, 2007 15, 18





vigilante groups 2010 267

violence and crime 2003 139, 2004 193, 194, 196, 198, 2006 201

urban armed violence 2007 167, 171, 175, 183


night commuting, Uganda 2006 280–1

Night Owls (Norway) 2010 247

night-vision equipment 2005 46, 58, 2012 245

Nike-Fiocchi (Hungary) 2001 37, 2003 42

Nikonov assault rifle (AN-94) 2002 25


NIMSS see National Injury Mortality Surveillance System

Ninjas (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8

holdings 2003 260–1, 264–5, 268–9

NISAT see Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers

Niti Kazanlak (Bulgaria) 2003 44

Nitrokemia (Hungary) 2001 37

Niue




stockpiles 2003 88, 89, 2004 284


Nizigama, Serge 2007 86

Nkunda, Laurent 2009 222

Nkurunziza, Pierre 2007 86, 199

NLA see National Liberation Army (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)

Nobel, Alfred 2013 219

Nobel Laureate Code see International Code of Conduct on Arms Transfers (1997)

NOMP see National Organisation for Military Production

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213

Brasilia Declaration 2002 212


non-conflict armed violence 2013 1–2, 3–4, 7–13

see also gangs; intimate partner violence

non-EU European countries 2003 108–11

non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

aiding the arming of non-state actors 2002 186

Conference 2002 242–3

conflict deaths 2005 233–4

control 2002 242–3

DDR and weapons destruction 2003 155–6, 2005 277, 287

disarmament and development 2003 155–6



military protection for personnel on humanitarian missions 2002 189–90

monitoring 2004 257, 258–63, 269, 271

research on legal transfers 2001 143


UN Biennial Meeting of States 2004 2



UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205, 217–18


non-guided light weapons

licensed and unlicensed production 2007 20, 21–2

trade 2011 23–9

non-lethal armed violence 2012 2, 4, 79–101

access to medical care 2012 82–3

ammunition used 2012 82

comparison with fatal injuries 2012 91–4

costs of injuries 2012 94


intentional 2012 84–7

monitoring systems 2012 80–1, 94–101

severity 2012 81–2

stray bullets 2012 86

terminology 2012 81


non-lethal injuries, intimate partner violence 2013 28–9

non-lethal weapons 2005 16, 51, 53

definition 2011 72



see also less-lethal weapons

non-state actors

anti-tank guided weapons 2008 20

diversion from national stockpiles 2008 53–6

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2008 14–15, 31

light weapons holdings 2008 15–16, 17–18, 31, 32–3


battlefield seizures and war booty 2002 138–9

Brazil 2007 289–90, 301–11


conflict goods 2002 139–41, 142


definition 2006 248, 2010 116, 256–7

diversions to, ammunition 2007 289–312

dormant or active 2010 116–17

identity change 2010 118



arms embargoes 2002 131–3

complicity in violations of international law 2007 131

control measures 2007 117, 119, 123–4, 128, 129, 131, 132–5

diversion of legal arms to 2002 128–31

grey market 2001 166, 167, 168–9

international law 2007 131, 132–5

Middle East 2002 130


patterns 2001 168



international law 2002 179

Iraq 2005 73

MANPADS controls 2005 127–8, 133

megaslums 2007 168

membership 2010 116–17, 118–19

Middle East 2002 130



pro-government groups 2010 94–5, 255–72

resources 2005 186–7

ruling groups 2010 117–18

small arms ownership 2010 102–5, 116–24

South Sudan 2007 317, 318–26, 341–4

spectrum of 2010 256–8

stockpile liquidity 2002 314


Sudan and South Sudan 2014 214–17

weapons supply 2014 235–8

transfers to, weapons prices 2007 267

Uganda 2007 289–301

UN Programme of Action 2002 219–20, 222, 224–5

weapons collection, assessment of 2002 314–15


see also armed groups; guerrillas; insurgents; rebel groups

non-transfer clauses, end-use assurances 2002 250

NonLethal Technologies Inc (United States), kinetic energy weapons 2011 81

Nordic Ammunition (Norway) 2013 190


Norinco (North Industries Corporation) (China)

AK-47, prices 2007 260

ammunition

exports, to Uganda 2007 293, 294

tracing 2007 291

company profile 2000 2002 23, 55

factory in Myanmar 2001 43


illegal domestic gun trade 2002 96




MAK-90 2013 290






transfers to Central Africa 2001 108


weapons seized in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2012 30

weapons used in crime in the United States 2001 24

norm entrepreneurs 2003 221–2

norms 2002 283, 2003 215–48

North Africa, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14

North America

exports, value 2000 2003 100


illicit transfers 2001 83, 188–9

imports, value 2000 2003 100



distribution of producing companies 2001 10, 2003 12, 14

distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 12, 2003 11

regional survey 2001 25–7


violence and crime 2004 173, 176, 177, 178, 180, 199–200


North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

ammunition 2005 12

brokering 2004 154


DDR and weapons collection 2003 299, 2005 287

Balkans 2001 177

FYROM 2003 289

looted arms in Albania 2001 201

Macedonia 2002 293


destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 80, 94, 97


East Central European countries 2001 35

Georgia 2003 193

Kosovo Force (KFOR) 2005 205, 219, 221


MANPADS 2004 79, 81, 92

membership requirements 2008 103–4

military procurement 2006 10, 11, 21, 22, 23, 25

Non-Lethal Doctrine 2011 86

Partnership for Peace (PfP) 2002 260, 2005 72–4, 2013 191

Serbia and Montenegro, bombing of 2003 46

Turkey 2001 39–40

women in armed forces 2014 2

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Support Agency (NSPA) 2013 191, 195

North Korea

diversion, weapons from China to Sri Lanka 2008 121

exports 2001 148


transparency 2006 65, 80, 81, 2007 74, 87, 89, 2009 8, 50, 2010 8, 13, 15, 2011 15,

17, 2012 283, 289, 293, 298, 2013 181, 183, 2014 130


value 2002 2005 101

value 2003 2006 68, 71




imports

human rights 2004 126, 128, 131


MANPADS 2004 88, 89


production


licensed and unlicensed 2007 15, 21


MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2007 21



military 2002 77, 2006 48, 49, 52, 57

North Ossetia, conflict with Georgia 2003 194

North Sudan DDR Commission (NSDDRC) 2007 332–3

North Yemen see Yemen Arab Republic

Northeast Asia

exports 2003 100


stockpiles 2005 71–2, 78, 79–85

Northern Alliance (Afghanistan) 2009 288

foreign government support for 2002 130–1




through Kyrgyzstan 2004 322, 323

stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 102

Northern Ireland

disarmament 2002 292–3, 311, 2003 284–6, 297, 2006 260



illicit transfers using the internet 2001 188


policing 2004 221–2, 223, 234–5


rubber bullets 2005 16

stockpiles


terrorism 2002 88, 292–3, 311, 2003 72, 284–6, 297, 2006 260


Northern Territory (Australia)

civilian firearms



Northwest Frontier Province, illicit craft production 2003 32

Norway


brokering 2004 161


international cooperation on 2004 150

licensing 2004 155, 156, 157

penalties 2004 160


reporting obligations 2004 160

demilitarization industry 2013 189, 190, 203



enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78





exports

ammunition 2009 15





list of importers 2005 106, 107, 108, 2006 76, 77



national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120

parts 2012 259–60



transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 74, 87, 88, 2009 8, 49, 2010 15,

2011 16, 2012 289, 292, 299, 300, 2013 182, 2014 129

trends 2000 2003 108

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135

value 2001 2004 105

value 2002 2005 104

value 2003 2006 71


1998 2001 209, 240

and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203, 239


imports 2003 111, 2004 110, 123, 2005 103, 105, 108, 2006 70, 72, 77

parts 2012 261


policing 2004 221


production


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15


MANPADS 2004 81





stockpiles




military 2001 73, 76, 2006 43, 44, 45, 51, 53

police 2001 70, 2005 78, 2006 43



UN Programme of Action 2002 210, 221, 223


women and small arms control policies 2014 49–50

Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers (NISAT) 2005 98

ammunition 2010 18

data on legal transfers 2001 143, 2009 28, 33

global update 2006 66


Norwegian exports 2001 151

Republic of the Congo transfers 2014 154


Small Arms Black Market File Archive, prices 2007 260

Norwegian Refugee Council, Women’s Rights through Information, Sensitization and Education

(WISE) 2014 20, 27, 29

al-Nour, Atom 2007 324

November 17 terrorist organization 2003 72

NOVIB, Burundi 2007 197

Novosibirsk Cartridge Plant (Russian Federation) 2014 196

NPCs see national points of contact

NPFL see National Patriotic Front of Liberia

NR1 Light Automatic Rifle 2001 41, 2002 46

NRA see National Resistance Army; National Rifle Association

NSA see Small Arms Consultative Group Process

NSAs see non-state armed groups

NSCN see National Socialist Council of Nagaland

NSDDRC see North Sudan DDR Commission

NSPA see North Atlantic Treaty Organization Support Agency

NSV heavy machine gun 2004 32, 34

Ntaryamira, Cyprien 2007 199

Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre 2007 199

Ntoumi faction 2003 257–8, 269

Ntsourou, Marcel 2014 163, 164

Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari 2013 231

Nuer people (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 286–8

Nuestra Familia (NF) (United States) 2010 161

Numbers gangs (South Africa) 2010 162–4

Nurkadilov, Zamanbek 2012 115

NWGs see neighbourhood watch groups

Nyangoma, Léonard 2007 218

Nyarweng 2007 334

Nyerere, Julius, Burundi 2007 199

OAGs (South Sudan) see Other Armed Groups

OAS see Organization of American States

OAU see Organization of African Unity

OB/OD see open burning and open detonation

Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW) 2002 34, 2003 23–4, 2006 10, 24

Obote, Milton 2005 196, 2006 274

Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP) (Somaliland) 2012 150, 154–5,

159–60, 168

obsolete weapons

disposal 2004 56–60

military stockpiles 2001 65, 2006 54, 56, 57–8

Occidental Airlines 2001 121, 122, 172

Occupied Palestinian Territory

attacks on schools 2009 204

health care 2009 207

Oceania, young men, proportion of population 2006 299

Oceans Beyond Piracy 2012 196

OCHA see United Nations (UN), Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

OCVP see Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention

ODA see overseas development assistance

OECD see Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEF see Operation Enduring Freedom

Oerlikon-Contraves (Switzerland) 2001 32, 2002 12, 34, 38

OEWG see United Nations (UN), Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms

and Light Weapons

O.F. Mossberg & Sons see Mossberg, O.F. & Sons

OFB (India), licensed production 2007 18

official reports, conflict deaths 2005 233–5

offset arrangements 2007 10–11, 12, 2008 20

offshore banking, brokers 2001 104–5, 2004 144

Oficina de Control y Comercio de Armas y Explosivos (OCCAE) (Colombia) 2006 219–20

OG-7 HE fragmentation rounds, Sudanese 2014 234

Ogaden National Liberation Front 2010 315

Ogwu, Joy 2013 162–5, 168

Ohrid peace accord (2001) 2003 289

OICW see Objective Individual Combat Weapon

oil

brokers 2001 107


South Sudan 2007 324, 333

Sudan 2010 295–6

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) sprays 2004 223

Olive Group 2012 321, 322

OLS see Operation Lifeline Sudan

Omagh bombing 2013 228

Oman

imports 2003 111, 2005 104, 2006 70


production 2002 19


Yemen 2003 175

Omani Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf 2003 175

Omega Foundation 2004 11

One Man Can programme (South Africa) 2013 149

ONUB see United Nations Operation in Burundi

O’odua People’s Congress (OPC) (Nigeria) 2006 249

OPA see Ouagadougou Political Agreement

OPC see O’odua People’s Congress

open burning and open detonation (OB/OD)

advantages 2013 207–8

ammunition demilitarization 2013 188, 206–8

disadvantages 2013 206–7

Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80

Open Society Institute 2001 214

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Afghanistan 2009 285, 288–9

Operation Essential Harvest (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) 2002 293, 302, 2003

281, 289

Operation Fast and Furious 2012 59–60, 2013 294

Opération Licorne (Operation Unicorn) 2011 196, 197, 216

Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) 2001 174–5

Operation Lightning Thunder 2010 289

Operation Rachel (Mozambique) 2002 295, 2003 244, 279

Operation Sovereign Legitimacy (OSLEG) (Zimbabwe) 2001 108

opinio juris 2003 218

opium


production, Afghanistan 2009 307

OPM see Organisasi Papua Merdeka

opportunity costs 2001 233–4

opportunity reduction, national control of civilian ownership 2002 263

optics systems manufacturing 2005 46, 58–62

Orbis (Slovenia) 2003 46

Ordnance Development and Engineering Company of Singapore, licensed production 2007 18

Ordnance Factories (India), survey of producers 2001 42

Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) (West Papua Independence Movement) 2006 253

Organization of African Unity (OAU) (now African Union)

Bamako Declaration (2000) 2002 213–14, 2011 264

ammunition 2005 24, 28–9


light weapons 2005 125, 126, 136

marking 2002 246

regional norms 2003 238, 242, 245


peacekeeping force in Somalia 2007 94

transfers from Russia 2001 266

Organization of American States (OAS)

brokering 2001 128–9, 2002 25–6, 2004 143, 147–9, 152, 166

firearms instruments 2001 252–7

Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms,

Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials (1997) 2001 253, 2005 24,

124–5, 2007 73, 2014 90

brokering 2002 256


implementation 2001 255

MANPADS 2005 136

marking 2002 245–6, 247

norms 2003 236


UN Firearms Protocol (2001) 2001 278, 2002 238

UN Small Arms Conference, influence on 2002 210

member states 2001 253

Model Regulations 2001 253–6, 257, 2005 24, 124, 125, 2009 62, 63

Model Regulations on brokering (2003) 2010 49–50

Venezuelan coup attempt 2002 2007 80

weapons collection, Nicaragua 2002 292–4

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2005 277

Anti-bribery Convention (1997), brokering 2002 258

Development Assistance Committee 2007 127, 178

Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) 2001 233

Social Institutions and Gender Index 2014 24

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

air transport control 2010 46–7, 48–9

brokering 2001 127, 2002 256, 2004 149–50

control measures 2001 127, 273–4, 274–6

destruction programme assistance 2008 78, 94, 97, 98

disarmament and development 2003 154

Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2000) 2001 275, 2005 24, 125–6, 2007 26,

30–1, 2008 79, 2009 62, 63, 69, 82


humanitarian law 2002 182, 183

marking 2002 246



transfers and human rights 2004 125

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 211–12

embargoes

2001 2002 133

on Armenia 2001 180

on Azerbaijan 2001 180

government information on exports 2003 98

Handbook of Best Practices on Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003) 2009 62

surplus identification 2008 81



intergovernmental transparency 2004 114

Kazakhstan presidency 2012 109

Kyrgyzstan 2004 312

licensed production 2007 26, 28, 30–1

looted arms in Albania 2001 201

MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 123, 127–8, 130–8

monitoring 2001 144, 2004 253

Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers 2004 125, 2009 91

regional norms 2003 236


unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 121, 122–3, 124

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe-Development Assistance Committee

(OECD-DAC), security sector reform 2006 134

organizational factors, use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 179, 180–1, 188–99, 200

organized crime

Brazil 2007 227, 289–90, 301–11

brokers 2001 97, 101

Central and South Asia 2003 111

Colombia 2006 219, 227–30

Cuba 2012 13




firearm-related offences 2013 82–3

Georgia 2003 202, 206–7, 208–9, 210


illicit transfers

from Argentina 2001 185


to Chile 2001 185

to Papua New Guinea 2001 184

Russian Federation 2001 177–9

South Caucasus 2001 179–80

illicit weapons 2013 283–4

Inter-American Convention 2001 278, 279

Ireland 2007 44

mafia 2013 76–80

norms 2003 223



theft of civilian weapons 2008 63–4



urban armed violence 2007 169–73, 176, 179–81

weapons 2013 88–96

organized criminal violence, definition 2013 285

organized violence, Kazakhstan 2012 114–16

Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) (Ethiopia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

Ortaderesin (Kazakhstan), ammunition depot explosion 2012 136–8

Oryx Diamonds 2001 108–9

OSCE see Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

OSLEG see Operation Sovereign Legitimacy

Other Armed Groups (OAGs) (South Sudan) 2007 317, 318–19, 320–6, 332, 340–4

Ottawa Convention (1997) see Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production

and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction

Ottawa process, norms 2003 221

Otterloo, use for diversion of weapons 2008 116, 121, 158

Ottoman Empire 2003 172–4, 2005 208–10

Ouagadougou Political Agreement (2007) (OPA) 2011 193, 216–17, 220

Ouattara, Alassane 2011 193, 196, 219, 220

outcome evaluation, weapons collection programmes 2002 312

outcomes, type of weapons used 2005 182–7

Outsourcing Services Ltd 2011 148

overseas development assistance (ODA)

costs of conflict 2001 233



Oxfam

Burundi 2007 197


security of personnel 2002 189, 196

PA see Palestinian Authority

Pacific 2004 5, 277–305

ammunition 2005 21


control legislation 2004 300–3



exports 2003 100

illicit transfers 2001 182, 184

imports 2003 100


stockpiles 2003 88–9, 2004 55, 56, 277, 280–5

trade 2004 280–90

see also Asia-Pacific

Pacific Islands



Pacific Islands Forum 2004 252, 278–9

light weapons 2005 125, 126

‘pacification’ police units see unidades de polícia pacificadora

pain and suffering, costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 192, 196

Pakistan

ammonium nitrate fertilizer 2013 240–1

conflict, and illicit weapon prices 2013 271–3





explosives

diversion 2013 236–7

supply to militants 2013 233

exports


human rights 2004 128, 130, 131



transparency 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014

130



value 2001 2004 102, 103, 105

value 2002 2005 101, 104

value 2003 2006 68, 71

homicides, Karachi 2007 175


to Afghanistan 2001 180–1, 2003 112, 2012 335



illicit weapons



prices 2013 257–74, 276–7

imports 2004 101, 123




improvised explosive devices (IEDs), casualties 2013 225–6, 230–1, 231–2


prices



production

ammunition 2001 15


heavy machine guns 2008 21

illicit craft production 2001 46–7, 2002 67, 2003 9, 27, 32–3

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 19, 21


MANPADS 2004 81, 82





sponsorship of Kashmiri militants 2010 117


civilian holdings 2001 87, 2002 80, 2003 33, 2007 47–8

military 2002 100, 2006 57

tribal militias 2010 272

weapons collection programmes 2002 296–7, 2003 280

Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF)

joint venture with Saudi producers 2002 53

licensed production 2002 50, 51, 53, 2007 19

links with Iranian producers 2002 52

links with Sudan 2002 18–19



Palau



stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284

Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) 2009 319


Palestinian Authority (PA)



MANPADS 2004 89

policing 2004 240

stockpiles 2003 78

Palestinian militants, improvised rockets 2013 223

Palestinian Territories

Al-Qassam rockets 2008 15

ammunition 2005 23

black-market prices 2002 66, 67, 68


former insurgents becoming legitimate authorities 2001 83



non-state actors


group goals 2005 189


light weapons holdings 2008 15, 33

prices 2002 66, 67, 68, 70

production 2002 19


military 2005 88

mortars 2002 73

police 2005 89

reserve 2001 80

Palestinians

Intifada, casualties 2002 165

production, craft production 2002 17

Palipe-Agakiza (Burundi) 2007 203

Palipehutu-FNL see Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération

Palleros, Diego 2001 102

Panama

brokering 2004 141


control measures





diversion, weapons to Colombia 2008 121, 124, 126, 129





gangs





Argentina to Croatia 2001 102

to Colombia 2001 189, 2004 130, 2005 162, 2006 85, 222

imports 2006 71




weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 302, 311, 2003 280, 2005 290

pandillas

Central America 2010 138, 2012 18

Ecuador 2010 211

Nicaragua 2013 1, 12, 47–8, 53–69

before 1990 2013 49–50

1990 to 2005 2013 50–1

2005 to the present 2013 51–2

evolution of 2013 47, 53–9

knowledge and training 2013 66–7, 68

weapon sources 2013 63–6, 68


Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler Report)

2002 184

Panguna Mine (Bougainville) 2003 302

Panzerfaust shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71, 2008 25

PAP see People’s Armed Police

Papua New Guinea (PNG) 2006 165–84

ammunition


use of expanding bullets 2005 22–3

Bougainville conflict 2003 302, 2004 293–6, 2005 292

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280







demand for small arms 2006 146–9, 151–4, 156, 157–8


diversion of arms and ammunition 2008 48–9

firearm-related violence 2006 175–8


smuggling 2004 277, 285–6

imports 2004 280, 281, 282

mining, security 2011 142


prices 2006 176–8


private security companies 2011 113, 116, 117–18, 142

production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57

illicit craft production 2003 36, 2004 288




civilian holdings 2001 85, 2004 283, 301, 302, 2006 175–8

leakage 2004 288, 289


police 2006 41, 43

state 2004 284


destruction 2008 104, 105

violence and crime 2004 295, 2006 178–83

Para-Ordnance (Canada) 2001 27

Parabellum 9 mm 2011 74

Paraguay

control measures

MERCOSUR 2001 258






illicit transfers from 2001 185–6, 2009 44

ammunition to Brazil 2005 26

to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163

to Brazil 2007 306

transit trade 2006 83, 222

imports 2001 157, 2002 117

from Brazil 2004 123, 2007 96–7



production


licensed 2002 45

survey of producers 2001 28, 53, 2002 57, 2004 18, 25



parallel permit, civilian firearms 2011 281

paramilitaries

Colombia 2006 215, 216–17, 235

amnesties for 2006 263


conflict-related civilian killings 2006 223–4

DDR programmes 2006 233–4

illicit trafficking 2006 222–3



Georgia 2003 205–6

Haiti 2007 174

Northern Ireland 2003 284–6, 2006 305

peace settlements, weapons collection 2002 292–3


stockpiles 2001 71–2, 74, 2006 42, 43

sub-machine guns, technological developments 2003 22





political 2007 174


see also militias

Parana state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241

Pare 2007 337

parental notification, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181

Paris Agreements (1991) 2006 120

Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups

(2007) 2009 208

Parker, Cornelia 2005 157

parliamentary transparency 2004 114

Partai Aceh 2009 263

Parti congolais du travail (PCT) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 260–2, 264–5, 267

Parti de libération du peuple hutu-Forces nationales de libération (Palipehutu-FNL) (Burundi)

2007 86, 120, 197, 199–200, 2008 196–7

participation, weapons collection programmes 2002 299, 313

participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) 2002 313

participatory rural or urban appraisal (PRA/PUA) 2002 313, 2004 191

Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolution Party) (PRI) (Mexico) 2012 47,

52–4, 72

parts


definitions 2012 243–4, 246

repair and maintenance 2012 254

supply chains 2012 252–3

transfers 2006 68–73, 75–8, 2012 2, 5–7, 251–61

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 113–17



see also accessories

Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK) (Khmer Rouge) 2006 120–1, 125, 126

ammunition availability 2005 18, 19



illicit transfers from, to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 183


Pasper (Argentina), weapons involved in crime 2012 32

Pasteur Ntoumi 2003 257–8, 269

pastoralists

disarmament 2002 291, 2003 312

effects of small arms misuse 2003 141, 143, 147


Kenya 2003 141

land conflict 2013 120, 121, 122

South Sudan 2007 326, 327–31, 329, 333–5, 337–8

Uganda 2002 291, 2007 289, 290–301

Pastrana, President Andres 2003 87

Patassé, President Ange-Félix 2005 303, 305–9, 311, 314–16, 319, 324–5

path dependence, popularity of the AK-47 2007 259

pathways model, violence risks 2008 251–3

patriarchy, child soldiers 2001 229

Patriotic Movement against Crime (MPCD) (El Salvador) 2002 294

Patriotic Movement of Côte d’Ivoire (MPCI) see Mouvement patriotique du Côte d’Ivoire

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), firearms 2010 122

patronage systems

Cambodia 2006 121–2, 132, 135, 136


Patten Report 2004 223, 234–5

PBIEDs see person-borne improvised explosive devices

PBRs see plastic baton rounds

PBXs see plastic-bonded explosives

PCASED see Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and

Assistance for Security and Development

PCC see Primeiro Comando da Capital

PCT see Parti congolais du travail

PDF see Popular Defence Force

PDK see Party of Democratic Kampuchea

PDW see personal defence weapons

peace agreements 2009 225, 2010 312

Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment, Madagascar 2011 167

Peace Monitoring Group (PMG), Bougainville 2003 302

peace monuments, weapons collection 2002 288, 310

peace process, disarmament 2002 292–3, 2003 277–316

peace-building, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 285–97, 311

Peacebuilding Commission 2009 231

peacekeeping operations

attacks by Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 276


DDR and weapons reduction programmes 2002 286, 2003 290–308, 2005 277, 280

deaths of personnel 2002 187–8

deteriorating security 2001 226–9

diversion from, Burundi 2007 85–6

effectiveness 2009 224

Georgia 2003 209, 210

illegal sales of weapons by 2006 255

International Tracing Instrument 2006 99, 100, 108, 111

international transfers 2009 9, 37–9, 78

mandate for 2003 295–6

post-conflict security and development 2005 276


weapons lost by 2005 320

women 2014 2

peak procurement (Pp) 2006 9–11, 12, 13–27

Pecos, diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 117, 121, 146

peer pressure, Papua New Guinea 2006 182

Pelican Bay prison 2010 162

penalties

cost/benefit of illicit possession 2006 154–5

disarming ex-combatants 2002 306



Phase I 2002 287

People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (South Africa) 2007 183

People’s Armed Police (PAP) (China), stockpiles 2006 42

People’s Army for the Restoration of Democracy (Armée Populaire pour la Restauration de la

République et la Démocratie), arms depots 2010 322

People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen 2003 170, 175

end-user certificates 2008 128, 158

People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (China), stockpiles 2002 76, 94–5, 2006 49

People’s War doctrine, military stockpiles 2002 74, 76–7, 95, 2004 60, 2006 45, 47–50, 52

Pepper, John V. 2006 143

pepper spray 2004 223

perestroika, Georgia 2003 192

performances, firearm use 2011 286

permit to acquire, civilian firearms 2011 281

permit to carry, civilian firearms 2011 281

Pernambuco state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241

person-borne improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) 2013 221–2

personal defence weapons (PDW), technological developments 2003 22

personal security, transfers, civilian weapons 2003 102–3

personalized gun technology 2011 79–80

Peru

conflict deaths 2005 240, 242–3, 246–7



diversion

ammunition 2008 52

weapons to Colombia 2008 113, 120, 123, 126, 134, 136




gangs, rehabilitation 2010 222


illicit transfers from, to Colombia 2001 187, 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 222

illicit weapons 2006 83, 84, 86

imports 2006 71




prices

consumer taste 2002 70



prison rebellions 2010 166–7


abuses 2011 148–9, 153

personnel 2011 105

production




state sponsorship of militias 2010 117




Peshawar District, Pakistan 2004 195

peshmergas


women 2014 68

PETN, in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 237–8

Petrie, Carol V. 2006 143

PFLP see Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

PG-7 rockets 2012 324


Sudanese 2014 234

PG-7-AT1 rocket-propelled grenades, unauthorized retransfers 2014 118

PG-7L ant-tank rounds 2012 324–5

PGAGs see pro-government armed groups

Phase I weapons collection 2002 286–7, 288–91

Phase II weapons collection 2002 286, 292–7

Philadelphia (United States), municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185

Philippines

armed groups 2002 98–9, 2006 253, 2010 319


crime 2007 145

DDR programmes 2005 284–5, 2009 185



exports



transparency 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130


value 2001 148





from Libya 2001 170


illicit weapons 2013 2, 5, 283–5, 302–12

data 2013 286



sources 2013 309–11

imports

1994–1998 2001 156






from the United States 2001 154, 2002 86, 2003 107, 2004 121

value 2002 2005 106, 108

value 2003 2006 74






firearms 2010 122

policing 2004 225, 226


private security companies, firearms 2011 117

production



illicit craft production 2001 46, 2003 9, 33–5

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15, 18





reform measures 2004 67

small arms seizures 2002 138, 139

stockpiles 2002 97

civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 79, 80, 2003 34–5, 2007 47–8, 145


insurgents 2002 98–9


security 2004 55, 56, 63

urban violence 2007 144–59

women and small arms control policies 2014 50, 51–2


Phnom Penh (Cambodia), weapons collection 2002 296

Physicians for Human Rights 2005 242

PIAT rocket launcher 2008 25

pilots, air cargo companies 2001 115

Pima (Bulgaria) 2003 44

Piorun missile 2011 33

pipe guns, South Africa 2001 46

‘pipette’ method, illicit imports into Brazil 2006 84

PIRA see Provisional Irish Republican Army

piracy

definition 2012 192


private security companies 2012 191–2, 204–12

Somali 2012 3, 5, 174–89, 191–213

high-risk area 2012 194

pirate groups 2012 192–5

ransoms 2012 195, 206–7

rules of behaviour 2012 202–3

trends 2012 195–6


weapons 2012 197–9

pistols


Burundi 2007 204

Colombia 2006 218, 222, 223, 225, 231

crime

in Latin America 2002 175


criminal use, Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 25–32

customs code 2009 10

Ecuador 2004 24

exports

Comtrade data 1994–1998 2001 146, 147


customs data 1999 2002 113, 114, 115


major exporters 2003 2006 68–73

trade decline 2003 102–3

trends 1995-1999 2002 147

from the United States 2001 54, 155, 2004 121

Georgia 2003 203–4

home-made, Nicaragua 2013 62–3

illicit

Iraq 2012 320, 322

Mexico 2013 289–90, 293


imports

customs data 1999 2002 113, 114, 115

to Cyprus 2003 105

to Guatemala 2003 115

major importers 2003 2006 75–8





most popular small arms products 2001 18, 21


production

Argentina 2004 20

Austria 2001 31

Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7

Canada 2001 27

global production 2001 13

Glock 2002 30

licensed 2007 18


most popular military weapons 2004 27–8, 34



United States 2001 26, 27, 2002 27, 29, 2003 17, 18


Somaliland 2012 152



stockpiles

military 2006 37, 53, 54–6

police firearms 2001 69, 70


transfers

2000–2006 2009 12, 14, 20–2

2001–2011 2014 113–17

2006 2009 28–30, 39–43


United States 2004 13, 14, 119, 120

PJV see Porgera joint venture

PK machine guns

Burundi 2007 204

Somalia 2012 339

PKK see Kurdistan Workers’ Party

PKM light machine guns 2006 283



PLA see People’s Liberation Army

Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Programme for Coordination and Assistance for

Security and Development (PCASED) 2001 259, 260

plastic baton rounds (PBRs) 2004 223, 234–5, 2005 16

plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs), recycling 2013 209

PLO see Palestine Liberation Organisation

PMCs see private military companies

PMG see Peace Monitoring Group

PMK rifles, Iraq 2012 321

PMPAs see armed parties and political movements

PNDR see Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion

PNG see Papua New Guinea

PoA see United Nations, Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit

Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects; United Nations (UN),

Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms

and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects

poaching



POF see Pakistan Ordnance Factories

Pointe Noire (Republic of the Congo)


weapons transfers 2014 153–4

Pointer system 2012 263

Poland


border seizures 2005 115, 116

brokering 2002 254–5, 2004 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 161


diversion, weapons from Latvia to Somalia 2008 120, 124, 158


exports



government information on 2003 98





military firearms 2001 147, 2002 116, 2009 35



transparency 2005 110, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16, 2012 289, 292, 302–3, 2013 181,

182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135



imports





value 2002 2005 106, 108

value 2003 2006 77





production

licensed 2007 15, 17, 21


MANPADS 2004 82, 2011 33




unlicensed 2007 17

Spike ATGW production agreement 2008 20

stockpiles

civilian 2003 65, 68

military 2006 57


theft of MANPADS 2008 53

polarization, demand for small arms 2006 143

police

anti-drug strategy, Rio de Janeiro 2012 65–70

killings by 2013 144–5

police firearms, South Africa 2013 142–3

Police Mobile Brigade (Brimbo) (Indonesia) 2007 78

Police nationale du Burundi 2007 207

police officers, women 2014 2, 70–2

police stockpiles 2006 39–43

Africa 2003 80, 81

ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 301–11


Brazil, diversions from 2007 303–11

by country 2006 40–1



China 2002 95, 2005 81


data on 2007 42–3

Denmark 2002 88

diversions from 2002 137–8, 2006 39, 83, 255

Colombia 2005 161

Georgia 2003 196, 2005 171–2

Haiti 2005 163–4

loss of weapons 2006 39–40


Tajikistan 2005 170

East Africa 2003 84

Europe 2003 66

Georgia 2003 196

global distribution 2001 4, 2002 103

global estimates 2001 59, 68–71, 88, 2002 103, 2005 78, 2006 37, 42, 2007 43

importers 2006 74


Iraq 2004 49

Japan 2005 82

Kyrgyzstan 2004 313


methodology 2001 65



Morocco 2005 87

Nepal 2002 79, 102

North Korea 2005 83

Northeast Asia 2005 79–80, 84, 85

old weapons 2004 57

Pacific 2003 89, 2004 284, 287–90



South Africa, destruction programmes 2007 65


South Korea 2005 83

Sri Lanka 2004 59

stockpile security 2004 43, 54–60

Taiwan 2005 84




police weapons 2010 114

acoustic technology 2011 83


diversion, South Africa 2008 193–5



Latin American production 2004 17

less-lethal weapons 2011 5, 80–93

manufacturing sectors 2005 45–6, 51, 57

military overlap 2011 86–8

rheostatic 2011 83–6, 93

safety features 2011 78–80

TASERs 2011 85, 89–92

technology 2003 21, 25

trends and developments 2011 73–86, 93–4

policing 2004 2, 4, 213–47

ammunition 2005 23

armed protection for humanitarian operations 2002 191

Brazil, seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84

Burundi 2007 207


capacity building, Albania 2002 299

Central African Republic 2005 307, 311, 312, 323–4

China 2005 80–1

community links 2004 227–9

control measures


Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 262–3

implementation of OAS Model Regulations 2001 256


controls on firepower 2005 185

corruption 2004 196, 233, 2006 148, 151

crime in Africa 2004 194, 195

crowd control 2004 233–5, 2011 87–9


effectiveness, weapons prices 2007 266, 281, 282


Haiti 2007 174

India, urban political armed violence 2007 175

Japan 2007 184

Kyrgyzstan 2004 312

misuse of guns 2006 130–3


Nicaragua 2013 52

Nigeria 2007 175

non-lethal weapons 2003 25

number of police officers by regions 2006 42


political manipulation 2004 232–4

post-conflict 2004 240–1, 2005 276

and private security companies 2011 147

privatization of security 2001 219–20

rising lethality of civilian holdings 2007 64

security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 2006 133–5

seizures of illicit arms 2001 22–4

China 2002 96–7




training 2004 224–7


urban violence 2007 169, 179, 180, 186

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 182, 183–4

political 2007 174, 175

risk of being caught 2007 167

use of automatic rifles 2005 183

use of firearms, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124

use-of-force policies 2011 69, 70–1, 94

Venezuela 2007 186

vulnerable persons 2004 235–7


weapons policies 2011 71–2

Policske Strojirny (Czech Republic) 2003 41

policy


NGOs 2002 242

Policzer, Pablo 2006 248

Polisario Front (Western Sahara), arms depots 2010 322

political identity, demand for small arms 2006 149, 150, 152–3

political parties, illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133

political reintegration, Aceh 2009 262–3

Political Terror Scale (PTS) 2004 127


political violence




urban 2007 161, 173–5

political–military parties, Afghanistan 2009 290–1

politics


art 2005 147–9

conflict deaths 2005 229, 233–5


disarmament 2003 287, 290–1, 294, 296–8



militarization, Georgia 2003 205

peace processes 2003 290–1, 294, 296–8

police 2004 232–4

urban armed violence 2007 161, 173–5

Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison, South Africa 2014 69

pollution, ammunition 2005 16–17, 29

Poly Technologies (China) 2007 82, 85

light weapons ammunition 2010 32

polygamy, Papua New Guinea 2006 179, 180

polymer frame firearms, marking 2012 224

polymers, handgun production 2011 78

PolyTechnologies (China)



Pool region (Republic of the Congo) 2003 268–9

Popov, Pavel 2008 117

popular culture, young men and small arms 2006 307–10

Popular Defence Force (PDF) (South Sudan) 2007 331, 332

Popular Front for the Liberation of Azawad (FPLA) 2005 165

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), guided light weapons holdings 2008 32

Popular Movement of Azawad (MPLA) 2005 165–6, 187

population growth

rural and urban 2007 163

Yemen 2003 172

Porgera joint venture (PJV) gold mine (Papua New Guinea) 2011 142

Port Arthur (Tasmania), weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 267, 283

Port Harcourt (Nigeria), urban violence 2007 167

Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) 2006 167–9, 172–4, 175

Port-au-Prince (Haiti), urban political armed violence 2007 173–4

portability, as light weapons definition 2008 9

portable missiles



see also anti-tank guided weapons; man-portable air defence systems

portable rocket launchers, transfers 2011 27–9

Portugal

ammunition

production 2014 190








exports

ammunition 2009 16



human rights 2004 129, 130, 132


list of importers 2005 106, 108, 2006 75, 76, 77


national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120





transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 16, 2012

292, 299, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 105

value 2002 2005 104

value 2003 2006 71


to Liberia 2002 132

to Myanmar 2002 133

imports


mortars 2011 25

parts 2012 256


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 110

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 77





production


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15





stockpiles




transportation, licensing 2010 53



possessions approach 2003 262–5

estimating militia holdings in the Republic of the Congo 2003 258–9

post-cold war

ammunition stockpiles, demilitarization 2013 188, 193, 210–11

Nicaragua 2013 47, 68

post-conflict situations

armed violence 2009 221–30

Aceh 2009 253–4


Burundi 2007 197–221


conflict deaths 2005 232, 252, 255–6

crime, weapons collection 2002 295–7

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 285–97, 2003 277–316, 2005 267–93, 2006 264

death and injury rates 2002 163



disabilities 2002 165

disarmament linked to development 2002 297–303

distinguishing from conflict 2005 269–71

economy 2002 174, 175


Georgia 2003 202, 207–10


homicide and suicide rates 2001 211

household surveys 2009 317, 323–30

insecurity 2002 171–3

KLA in Kosovo 2005 221

land conflicts 2013 109

NGOs 2002 243

normalization of gun carrying 2013 32


price of weapons 2007 258, 264, 267, 271, 281, 282, 283

reconstruction 2009 270–1

reintegration, Aceh 2009 249–78


return to conflict 2002 174–6, 2009 231


security promotion 2009 219–20, 233–41

interim stabilization 2009 220, 233, 234–7

second-generation 2009 220, 233, 237–41

short and long-term gain-seeking groups 2005 199

social capital 2003 147


Uganda 2006 287–8

urban armed violence 2007 173, 179–81


zones 1994–2004 2005 271

post-conflict weapons collection

record-keeping 2009 122–8


post-traumatic stress, and intimate partner violence 2013 32

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 2002 166–7

children 2009 199

Southern Lebanon 2009 327

postal guards, Georgia 2003 196

Poste de securité publique (PSP), holdings 2003 260

potassium chlorate, use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 238

Pouligny, Béatrice 2009 181

poverty

Brazil 2007 228, 234, 235, 238–40, 245

crime, Papua New Guinea 2006 178


effects of small arms misuse 2001 232–3, 2003 137, 148


homicide 2003 138, 157



West African armed groups 2006 252, 265

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 303–4, 305–6

power, young men and small arms 2006 301, 305

Powers SeaCure Satellite System 2008 132

Pp see peak procurement

PPP see purchasing power parity

PRA see participatory rural or urban appraisal

practical disarmament, definition 2002 282

pre-fragmented bullets 2005 16

pre-registration guns 2003 70–1

predatory states, armed groups 2006 250

preferences

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 147–8, 158

prices of assault rifles 2007 262

PRI see Partido Revolucionario Institucional

prices

AK-47 assault rifles 2001 17, 2002 66–7, 2003 86

Albania 2002 68–9

consumer taste 2002 70

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 147–8, 149, 150, 153–4

fuelled by weapons collection programmes 2002 306

Georgia 2003 199, 200–1, 204

global production 2001 14

global stockpile growth 2003 62

global transfers 2001 145


illicit weapons 2013 2, 5, 251–79

Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72

legal weapons 2002 67

M16 rifles 2002 66, 67


Palestine 2002 90–1, 2003 78



stockpile indicator 2002 65–70


Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) gang (São Paulo) 2010 157, 170–2, 177

Primex Technologies (United States)





prison gangs 2010 69, 157–78


Brazil 2010 167–72


characteristics of 2010 159–60

consolidation, propagation, and projection of power 2010 159, 167–72



militant groups 2010 165–7

policy implications 2010 175–6

racial groups 2010 160–1



prison guards, Papua New Guinea 2006 41, 43

prisoners, police executions 2004 230–2

prisoners of war, Geneva Conventions 2002 179

privacy 2004 12

private firearms see civilian firearms

private military companies (PMCs)

brokers 2001 101, 109–10

distinction from private security companies 2011 102, 136

illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133

private security 2001 219–20

private security companies (PSCs) 2001 219–20, 2004 196–8, 2011 2–3, 5

abuses by 2011 121–2, 142, 148–9, 150, 153

in armed conflict 2011 109


attacks on 2011 140

Cambodia 2006 134


comparison with public security forces 2011 143–50



firearms 2013 32

illicit 2011 119–20

misuse 2011 119–26

regulation 2011 154



types 2011 117–19


growth of 2011 102–10

hired by development programmes 2003 149

illicit transfers to non-state actors 2007 133

international or domestic 2011 143

international initiatives 2011 124–6


legitimacy 2011 109–10

less-lethal weapons 2011 140

and multinational corporations 2011 5, 135–58



Nicaragua 2013 64

personnel 2011 104–6

regulation 2011 126–7, 150–8

Somali piracy 2012 3, 5, 191–2, 204–12

firearm procurement 2012 208–11





standard operating procedures 2011 119, 121

training 2011 123–4, 146

Uganda 2006 288


use of force 2011 121–2, 154

privatization

arms brokers 2001 97, 98

European producers 2001 31

land resources 2013 107

Poland 2001 37

production patterns 2001 12

of security 2001 219–20, 2004 174, 196–8, 199

Pró Legítima Defesa 2004 70–1

pro-government armed groups (PGAGs) 2010 94–5, 255–72

changing role 2010 269–72

identifying 2010 260

impact on civilians 2010 268–9

political goals 2010 263–7

relationship to government 2010 261–2, 269–72

roles 2010 262–7

security role 2010 267, 269

see also armed groups

pro-government militias, West Africa 2006 249, 250, 252, 255

pro-gun lobby



Pro-Tect Systems (United Kingdom) 2011 92

problem behaviour theory, armed violence 2008 248

process evaluation, weapons collection 2002 312

procurement see public procurement

procurement peaks 2006 9–11, 12, 13–27

procurement rate 2006 13–16, 17–18

production 2001 7–53, 2002 9–57, 2003 9–51, 2004 7–41, 2005 39–64

ammunition 2005 10, 13–17, 30–1

central and eastern Europe 2003 38

marking 2002 245

Armenia 2003 47–8

art 2005 154–5

Belarus 2003 48


Brazil, illicit craft production 2003 29

brokers 2001 97–8, 99, 102, 108

Bulgaria 2003 43–7

bundles of characteristics 2005 42–3



Chile 2003 28–9

China 2002 22–3

codes of conduct 2002 182–3

Colombia 2005 161–2, 2006 216, 217–21, 222–3

concentration and consolidation 2003 15

control measures

African initiatives 2001 266

Euro-Atlantic region 2001 273

firepower 2005 184–5




West African Moratorium 2001 260–1

Croatia 2003 44–5

Czech Republic 2003 39–41

data on civilian holdings 2007 52

data on numbers 2001 60–5

Estonia 2003 48

export dependency 2004 118–25, 134


Georgia 2003 48

Ghana 2003 29

global 2001 9–17, 2002 9–10, 2003 13, 16–17, 100

global distribution 2001 9–11, 2002 12, 2003 11–12

global ranking of countries 2001 15–17

Hungary 2003 41–2

illegal, China 2002 96



linkages between 2005 41

major producers 2002 22–9

MANPADS 2004 77, 78, 81–3


marking and tracing 2002 244, 245, 2006 106–7, 108

medium producers 2002 30–40




Morocco 2005 86

numbers of companies worldwide 2002 9–10

Pacific 2003 35–6, 2004 303


parts 2012 252–3


Poland 2003 42

popular products 2001 18–24

restructuring 2002 12–13

Romania 2003 45–6

Russian Federation 2002 23–7, 26, 2003 19–20, 2004 14–16

sectors 2005 41, 43–62

Serbia and Montenegro 2003 46–7

significant production 2003 13–15

Slovakia, survey 2003 42–3

Slovenia 2003 46




supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223

trends 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15

Turkey, illicit craft production 2003 31–2

types 2001 9

Ukraine 2003 48–9


United States 2003 16–18, 2004 10–14, 67

unlicensed 2007 7–8, 14–32

of weapons used in crime, in Brazil 2001 22–4

see also craft production; licensed production; state-owned producers

production processes, manufacturing sectors 2005 42, 45–6, 47, 49, 52, 53–4, 57–8

productivity


costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 189, 191, 193, 196, 197, 199, 203, 205–7


firearms injuries 2003 129


Productos Mendoza (Mexico) 2001 27, 2004 25

professions, civilian firearm use 2011 286

profiting from war, disarmament 2003 300–1

Program Global Shield 2013 239, 243

Programa Nacional de Entrega Voluntaria de Armas de Fuego (Argentina) 2012 24

Programme H (Rio de Janeiro) 2006 315

Programme national de désarmement et de reinsertion (PNDR) (Central African Republic)

2005 325–7

prohibited weapons 2010 316

Project Ploughshares, Armed Conflict Report 2005 238–9, 241, 242, 244, 245–6, 247

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) (United States) 2008 287–8

Project for Violence Prevention (Chicago, United States) 2006 316

proliferation

Georgia 2003 205–10


Promexport (Russia) 2003 110

propaganda, conflict deaths 2005 233–4

propellant chemicals, trade 2010 8, 20–1

property crime, Haiti 2011 241–2

property damage, Southern Lebanon 2009 326

property-related disputes, post-conflict 2009 228, 230

proportionality, policing 2004 218–19, 225

prosecutions, illicit brokering 2004 162–6

protection, humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190

protection costs


logging in Cambodia 2006 133

protection rackets, Georgia 2003 210

protocols, norms 2003 216–17, 223, 225, 237–46

Provenzano, Bernardo 2013 78, 87, 88, 89

Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), improvised explosive devises (IEDs) 2013 223,

232, 241, 242

Proyecto SAFE (San Antonio Family Enhancement) 2010 242

Prvi Partizan (Serbia and Montenegro) 2003 47

PS Povzbroj (Slovakia) 2003 43

PSCs see private security companies

PSP see Poste de securité publique

psychological effects 2002 166–7, 2003 131, 2006 191, 195

psychosocial trauma, children and youth 2009 198–9

PT Pindad (Indonesia) 2001 43, 2002 45


PTSD see post-traumatic stress disorder

PUA see participatory rural or urban appraisal

public awareness

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 185–8


NGOs and control 2002 242

norms 2003 232

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 282–3, 284, 297, 299–300, 307–10,

312–13

Yemen 2003 185–6

public good, security sector reform 2003 153

public health 2001 214–18

costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 195–6, 207–8



public health approach


four-step process 2008 225

interventions 2008 277–9, 287–8, 298–9

violence prevention 2008 211–12, 223–8, 236–40, 2013 138

public health data, firearm injuries 2012 87

public interest, civilian firearm users 2011 278

public opinion

NGOs 2002 242


public order, demand for small arms 2006 148

public procurement

ammunition



definition 2010 9

public security



outsourcing 2011 107–8

private security companies 2011 2–3, 143–6

state provision 2011 1–2

public services



public space, fragmentation of 2007 176–8

public transparency 2004 114

Puerto Rico

firearm homicides 2012 9, 12–13, 16


illicit transfers to, from United States 2012 12–13

PUK see Patriotic Union of Kurdistan

pump-action shotguns, Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 176, 177

purchasing power parity (PPP) 2006 190

Putin, Vladimir, Chechnya 2002 90

Pyrkal see Greek Powder and Cartridge Company

qaat addiction, Somaliland 2012 159

Qadhafi, Muammar 2001 103, 120–3

Qatar

illicit transfers from, to Sudanese Government 2001 174


production 2002 19

stockpiles


police 2005 89

unauthorized retransfers from 2014 126

Qaybali code (Yemen) 2003 169

QinetiQ (United Kingdom) 2012 263, 2013 189, 208

Qioptiq (United Kingdom) 2012 263

QLZ 87 automatic grenade launchers, Sudan 2014 226–7

Qods Force 2013 232

Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) 2006 144

quality of life

costs of small arms violence 2006 191, 196, 197, 199

post-conflict, Southern Lebanon 2009 327

survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18

Queensland (Australia)

civilian firearms



Quik-Shok 2005 16

QUNO see Quaker United Nations Office

QW-1 MANPADS, Iraq 2012 327

QW-1/QW-2 2004 82, 84

QW-19 missiles 2011 33

R1 assault rifle 2002 48

Burundi 2007 204


R3 see recovery, recycling, and reuse

R4 assault rifle 2002 48, 2007 27

Burundi 2007 86, 204


Burundi 2007 204


race, violence risk factor 2008 259

RadioPribor (Ukraine) 2003 49

Rafael (Israel), ammunition production 2010 31

Rainsy, Sam 2006 122, 123

Rajoelina, Andry 2011 171, 172, 176–9, 188

Ramadan, Yaya 2005 309

Ramanantsoa, Gabriel 2011 171, 173

Ramaroson, Hyppolite 2011 179–80

RAMSI see Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands

Ranariddh, Prince Norodom 2006 120–1

rangefinders see laser rangefinders

ransom payments, Somali pirates 2012 195

rape


conflict 2005 193, 196


Liberia 2014 15–16, 17–18

Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 172, 174–5

Uganda 2006 288


Rashaida Free Lions 2007 320

Rathore, Dipendra 2012 175

Ratsimandrava, Richard 2011 170, 173

Ratsiraka, Didier 2011 171, 173–4, 175

Rautenbach, Billy 2001 109

Ravalomanana, Marc 2011 167, 175–6, 179

Raven Arms 2001 24

Raytheon Company (United States) 2005 59, 60

directed-energy weapons 2011 86

Raytheon-Lockheed Martin 2004 27, 82

RBS-70 missile 2011 33

RCAF see Royal Cambodian Armed Forces

RCSS see Regional Centre for Strategic Studies

RDX, use in improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 232, 233

re-export

definition 2009 64

licensing requirements 2009 82–5


Read, Lucian 2007 145–59

Real IRA (RIRA)



prices 2002 69

rebel groups

Burundi 2007 197–8, 199–203

Central and South Asia, transfers to 2003 111–12



disarmament, political commitment 2003 296–8


South-East Asia 2006 253

West Africa 2006 249, 250, 252, 254–5

see also guerrillas; insurgents

recirculation of small arms

low black-market prices 2002 68

West African armed groups 2006 247, 253–6, 258, 261


ammunition, transfers 2010 10, 27–8




types 2008 23

recoilless rifles, Somalia 2012 342

reconciliation, weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 306, 2003 311–12

reconstruction and development 2005 276, 277

record-keeping



International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2011 56–7

marking 2002 244–8, 246



post-conflict weapons collection 2009 122–8

transportation 2010 53


UN Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts (MGE) 2012 227–8


weapons tracing 2009 109, 120–1, 130

see also reporting

recovery, recycling, and reuse (R3), demilitarization industry 2013 198, 208–10

recruitment, militias in the Republic of the Congo 2003 263–4

Red Arrow ATGWs 2011 32

Red Sky missile 2008 18

reflex sights 2012 266

refugee camps

militarization of 2001 224, 227, 2005 274

policing of, West Africa 2006 259


violence in 2009 202

refugees 2002 167, 2005 231, 273

Burundian 2007 200–1


indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 160

policing 2004 236

see also internally displaced persons

Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) 2004 299–300, 2005 282–3,

2006 155, 157

Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) (Sri Lanka) 2001 143

regional control measures 2001 252–76

ammunition 2005 23–4, 28–9




UN Programme of Action 2002 209, 225–6


regional law, norms 2003 218

regional organizations, UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 209–10

regions

average number of police officers 2006 42

brokering 2004 147, 148–51

intra-regional trade 2003 101, 102, 199

military stockpiles 2006 52, 58


norms 2003 236–7

registration of brokers 2002 253, 2004 147, 149, 159, 161

registration of firearms 2004 66–71

active-universal or passive-partial 2004 43, 68

Australia 2004 62

Brazil 2003 87

Canada 2002 86, 2004 62, 68–9

civilian holdings 2007 39, 49–53, 55–6

Colombia 2006 217, 219–20


European civilian firearms 2003 70–2

Georgia 2003 191

Germany 2007 51–2

Kyrgyzstan 2004 313



Pacific 2004 302

stolen firearms 2004 60, 62

Thailand 2004 71


United States 2001 66, 2004 12

US Army inventory control 2002 260–1


regulation see control measures

Reicher, Stephen 2006 303–4

Reid, Richard 2013 237

reintegration of former combatants 2003 310

abuse of system 2009 295–6

Aceh 2009 249–51, 256–78


compensation 2009 268–9

discontent 2009 269

economic reintegration 2009 264–6, 270


international models 2009 254–6

maximalist approach 2009 269–76

political reintegration 2009 262–3


social reintegration 2009 259–62

targeting 2009 266–8

see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration

relief operations

deteriorating security 2001 226

humanitarian impacts 2002 158, 159

religion


Brazil 2007 228, 233, 236, 245, 246

conflict resolution 2003 312


see also Christianity; Islam

reloading 2005 15–16

Remington Arms Co. (United States) 2004 13–14, 2005 54

Adaptive Combat Rifle 2011 76


less-lethal shotguns 2011 83

ranked by weapons type 2002 29


weapons used in crime in US 2001 24

RENAMO see Resistência Nacional Moçambicana

Reno, William 2006 250

rent-seeking, demand for small arms 2006 143

rental businesses

Africa 2003 86

Canada 2004 68

Kenya 2003 86

repair and maintenance, weapon parts 2012 254

repairers

guerrillas in Colombia 2006 223


manufacturing sectors 2005 43–4, 45, 46–9

repairs, international transfers 2009 9

repeating weapons, Yemen 2003 173

replacement, military procurement 2006 9–11

replica weapons





reporting

arms embargoes 2004 267


brokering 2004 160, 161

exports 2002 117–23, 2003 98–102, 2006 68–73, 78–82

imports 2006 74

legal trade, 2002 update 2002 112



monitoring 2004 249–50, 254–8

national, data on legal transfers 2001 143

policing 2004 237

Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2006 65, 80–2, 88


transfers 2006 66–7, 2009 26–8, 52–3


Republic of the Congo (RoC) (formerly Congo-Brazzaville)

ammunition imports 2014 154–6

conflict 2003 256–8, 2014 151–2, 154

DDR and weapons reduction 2002 281, 300–3, 2003 255–73, 279, 2005 290, 291, 2009

184



to UNITA 2001 118–19





socio-economic development 2014 165–6

stockpile acquisition 2014 151–6

stockpile management 2014 155, 167–70

stockpiles, insurgent 2002 82, 2003 82

weapons collection 2009 124, 125, 240


see also Congo-Brazzaville; Mpila ammunition depot explosions

Republic of Me’ekamui (Bougainville), disarmament 2003 303

Republican Guard (Côte d’Ivoire) 2011 199

research






Kyrgyzstan 2004 310

NGOs 2002 243

research & development 2003 23–5

reserve militaries 2006 45

Colombia 2006 220

military stockpiles 2006 47–50, 51–2, 56, 220

Switzerland 2002 78

Réserve ministérielle (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256

reserve stockpiles 2001 71–2

government armed forces 2001 71

insurgent 2001 80

police firearms 2001 69

US military 2002 85

reserves, exaggeration 2008 85–6

resilience factors

armed violence 2008 229–30, 245–6


violent behaviour 2008 256

resistance, young men and small arms 2006 302, 306–7

resistance councils (Uganda) 2007 185

Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) (Mozambique) 2001 64, 2002 129, 294

weapons diverted to 2008 196

resource development

demand for small arms 2006 144–5, 149, 150


resource-based conflict

Africa 2013 103, 116–18


see also land conflicts

resources


urbanization and crime 2007 164

Yemen 2003 172

see also natural resources

responsibility 2004 65, 66–71

restricted-use ammunition, Brazil 2007 303–5

retransfers, unauthorized see unauthorized retransfers

revenge, tribal violence in Yemen 2003 184

revenue collection, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 144–5

reverse engineering, unauthorized production 2007 23

Review Conference see United Nations (UN), Programme of Action, Review Conference

Revolutionary Alliance for the Liberation of Azawad (ARLA) 2005 165

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) see Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de

Colombia

Revolutionary People’s Army (Philippines), illicit transfers to 2001 183

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (Sierra Leone)

brokering 2004 164

captured weapons 2006 255



DDR and weapons reduction 2002 289–90, 2003 81, 297, 307–8, 2005 278

forced recruitment of women 2002 171




arms supply networks 2001 116, 119–23


MANPADS 2006 256

stockpiles 2003 82


revolutionary warfare, People’s War militaries 2006 47

revolvers


Colombia 2006 218, 231

crime in Latin America 2002 175

criminal use, Latin America and the Caribbean 2012 25–32


exports


Comtrade data on 2001 146

customs data 1999 2002 113, 114, 115

trends 1995–1999 2002 147

United States 2001 155, 2004 121

value 2003 2006 68–73

Georgia 2003 203–4

illicit, Philippines 2013 306

imports

customs data 1999 2002 113, 114, 115

to Guatemala 2003 115



value 2003 2006 75–8


most popular small arms products 2001 18



police firearms, Belgium 2001 69, 70

production


Brazil 2004 22, 2007 94–7

Colombia 2004 23

estimated global production by volume 1980–2000 2001 13




United States 2001 26, 27, 2002 27, 29, 2003 17, 18, 2004 13, 14, 119, 120

seizures in Brazil 2001 23


transfers

1995–1999 2002 147

2001–2011 2014 113–17

2006 2009 28–30, 39–43

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 14, 20–2

to Cyprus 2003 105



used in crime in the US 2001 23

Rexio (Argentina) 2001 28

Rey-Bellet, Corinne 2007 54

Reyes, Camilo 2002 218, 219, 220

RFDG see Movement of the Democratic Forces of Guinea

RH-Alan (Croatia) 2001 19, 37, 2003 45

Rheinmetall DeTec (Germany)

acquisitions 1996–2000 2002 12, 39



most popular machine guns 2001 19, 20


Vingmate fire-control system 2012 268–9

rheostatic weapons 2011 83–6

Richmond (Virginia, United States), homicide rate 2007 165

Rifle Factory (India), licensed production 2007 18

rifles

.50 calibre 2005 51, 52, 53

Mexico 2013 292–3

Africa 2003 83


civilian ownership, patterns of 2007 63–4

Colombia 2006 225, 226

crime in Africa 2002 175

data on numbers 2001 60, 62

exports



Georgia 2003 203–4

government armed forces 2001 71

identifying features 2014 219–20, 221

illicit


Iraq 2012 320–1, 322

Mexico 2013 289–90, 291–3, 292–3


Somalia 2012 338–9

United States 2014 245, 256, 259–60, 260–1, 268

imported into the United States 1991–1996 2001 27





police firearms 2001 69, 2011 75–7

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257–72

production

Brazil 2004 22

Canada 2001 27

licensed 2007 8, 18, 20, 21–3



United States 2001 26, 27, 2002 27, 29, 2003 17, 18, 2004 13, 14, 119, 120

unlicensed 2007 8, 20, 22–3

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 267–8



sporting, transfers of 2003 102–3

technological developments 2003 22, 23–4




used in crime in US 2001 24

Yemen 2003 173–4

see also assault rifles; Kalashnikov rifles; sniper rifles

Right-to-Carry (RTC) laws see carrying licences

Riina, Totò 2013 78

Rindel, Fred 2002 140

Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 2005 195

ammunition, diversions 2007 289–90, 301–11, 2008 45, 46, 52


drug violence 2012 3–4, 41, 64–72



gangs

gun ownership 2010 89, 112, 113


gender and firearms-related mortality 2001 213


milícias paramilitaries 2012 70–1

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182–3

police

anti-drug tactics 2012 66–70

killings of civilians 2012 65–6

prison gangs 2010 157, 167–70, 177

seizures of illicit weapons 2006 84, 2007 182–3, 2012 30–1

urban violence 2007 163, 182–3


young men and violence 2006 306, 313–14

Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil), firearm homicides 2007 241

Rio-São Paulo Extended Metropolitan Region (Brazil) 2007 169

risk

armed violence 2008 229–30, 238, 245–6, 262–3, 282

behaviour problems 2008 254


domestic violence 2008 260–1

ecological model 2008 250–1

gang violence 2008 261–2, 270

identifying 2008 249–53

important factors 2008 257–9

interventions 2008 264–9

targets of 2008 268, 269

top ten strategies 2008 268

types 2008 267, 268

life stages 2008 252

overriding 2014 87–8

pathways model 2008 251–3

post-conflict societies 2009 230–2


security management 2002 190

triggers 2008 256

violence prevention 2008 264

violent behaviour 2008 253–63


youth violence 2008 252–3, 255–6, 258–9, 262

risk assessment, arms exports 2014 85–8

risk assessments, intimate partner violence 2013 37–8

risk-taking, young men and small arms 2006 303

rites of passage, young men and small arms 2006 302, 303

Rivers State (Nigeria), DDR programmes 2006 263

roadblocks



Robar Companies Inc. (United States) 2005 52

robbery


Georgia 2003 209


United States, firearm use 2014 251–2

Roberts, John, II 2007 94

RoC see Republic of the Congo

rocket launchers



illicit, United States 2014 264–5



parts 2012 244


types 2008 25–6

rocket-propelled grenade launchers (RPGs)

Burundi 2007 204

conflict use 2005 182, 183, 184–5

exporters 2006 72

Georgia 2003 196

illicit


Iraq 2012 322–6

Somalia 2012 341–2


lethality 2008 12



optical sights, Iraq 2012 325

producers of 2008 25–6

production 2004 8, 34, 35–7, 46


rounds, Iraq 2012 323–5



types 2008 25–6

warheads 2008 25

rockets

demilitarization waste products 2013 205

illicit, Mexico 2013 299

light weapons, transfers 2010 10, 27–8

possessed by Hizbollah 2009 322


seizures in Iraq 2012 324–6

Rodriguez, Camilo Reyes 2002 212

ROKETSAN (Turkey) 2013 189, 199

Romania

ammunition

production 2014 190–1, 194, 195



brokering 2004 153, 155, 156, 158, 161

civilian ownership 2002 87, 2003 65


destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 97


diversion of arms to Colombia 2008 122


export controls

exceptions 2009 78





exports


Comtrade data 2009 13, 2012 274





transparency 2004 117, 118, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15,

16, 2012 283, 289, 292, 298, 299, 305, 306–7, 2013 181, 182, 2014 129

trends 2000 2003 110

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


value 2001 2004 101, 105

value 2002 2005 100, 104


to Angola 2002 132, 134

to Georgia 2005 172

to Iraq 2002 132

illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 116

imports 2005 105

military stockpiles, destruction programmes 2007 65




production





MANPADS 2007 21



RPG-7 2004 36, 37

survey of producers 2001 35, 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 39, 45–6


Romarm (Romania) 2003 45–6, 2005 56

Romtechnica (Romania), exports 2003 110

rosewood, illegal trafficking, Madagascar 2011 185

Rosoboronexport (Russian Federation) 2002 123, 2003 110–11


Rossi (Brazil) 2001 21, 23

hunting rifles 2009 47

weapons seized in Rio de Janeiro 2012 30

Rosvooruzhenie (Russia) 2003 110

Rowe, Sylvester 2007 118

Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) 2006 121–2

logging industry 2006 133

misuse of guns 2006 130

security sector reform (SSR) 2006 134–5


Royal Canadian Cartridge and Munitions Corp. (Canada) 2001 27

Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2004 57

Royal Netherlands Army, gender equality 2014 65

Royal Ordnance (RO) (United Kingdom) 2001 33


company profile 2000 2002 12, 39–40


Heckler & Koch 2002 48–9

joint ventures with Brazilian producers 2001 29–30, 2004 22



Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary (RPNGC), diversion of arms and ammunition 2008

48–9

Royal Small Arms Factory (RSAF) 2002 48–9

Royal Thai Army, production 2001 44

royalties, licensed production 2002 43

RPD light machine gun 2004 31, 34

ammunition 2014 187

Burundi, disarmament 2007 204

RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher

Iraq 2012 323–4

Somalia 2012 341

RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launchers 2004 8, 34, 35–7, 49, 2005 184–5, 2008 25–6

Burundi 2007 204




RPG-7-pattern launchers


Sudanese 2014 234

RPG-16 rocket launchers, Iraq 2012 323


RPG-18/22 rocket launchers 2002 71, 88


RPG-29 Vampir rocket launchers, Iraq 2012 313, 326

RPG-75 shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 71

RPGs see rocket-propelled grenade launchers; rocket-propelled grendade launchers

RPK machine gun, ammunition 2014 187

RPK machine guns 2001 20, 21

Burundi 2007 204


RPK-74 2004 31

RPNGC see Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary

RPO-A ‘Shmel’, Republic of the Congo 2003 262, 2014 153

RTG-7 2002 71

RUAG, ammunition 2011 77

RUAG Ammotec (Switzerland/Germany) 2003 15, 2005 13

RUAG Suisse Group (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39, 2003 15

rubber baton rounds 2005 16, 53

rubber bullets 2002 165, 2004 221–3

RUF see Revolutionary United Front

Ruger Mini-14 2010 114

Ruger Mp-9 sub-machine gun, Burundi 2007 204

Ruger (United States)


weapons used in Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

Ruggie, John 2011 139–40, 157–8

Rugova, Ibrahim 2005 216, 217, 218

rules of engagement, peace operations 2003 296

Rumsfeld, Donald, Afghanistan 2003 112

Ruprah, Sanjivan 2008 117, 135

rural areas

armed violence, comparison with urban areas 2007 164

Brazil 2007 165–6, 228–52

definition 2007 169



population 2007 163

Russian Federation

ammunition

procurement 2010 31

production 2014 189–91, 194


civilian firearms


licences 2011 280



control measures





demilitarization 2013 193

destruction programmes 2002 74, 2004 58, 60




export controls

enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 79




exports

to Africa 2001 170, 2003 118

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 15, 16


Comtrade data 2009 8, 10, 12, 27, 2012 274, 2013 179–80

Cyprus 2004 108

data on 2002 123

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 133

to India 2003 112




MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87





producer dependence on 2004 121–2



small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 24


transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 66, 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17,

2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

trends 2000 2003 108, 110–11



value 2001 2004 100, 101, 102, 105

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 101, 104

value 2003 2006 65, 68, 72


gangs



Georgia 2003 192–5, 202, 206


to Afghanistan 2004 128, 322, 323

to Angola 2002 132, 2004 129

to Armenia 2001 180

to Chechnya 2001 178–9

to Georgia 2001 180, 2003 191

to Iraq 2002 132, 2012 317


to Liberia 2002 132

MANPADS 2004 88

to Nagornho-Karabakh 2002 133

to Rwanda 2002 132

to Sierra Leone 2002 132

to Somalia 2002 132

imports 2004 109, 2005 103, 106, 108, 2006 68, 77






MANPADS

attacks 2004 90

control of 2004 92–3, 94, 2005 130–6

designations 2004 79




military stockpile, diversion 2008 57–8


prices




armed 2011 112


personnel 2011 106

production


ammunition 2002 26, 2003 20

for armed forces 2002 23–6

assault rifles 2004 28

by value 2001 14, 2003 16, 19–20

by volume 2001 12, 2003 13, 16, 19–20

company profiles 2000 2002 23–7, 55



licensed

India 2007 9, 11

Kalashnikov rifles 2007 9

Libya 2007 11

technology owners 2007 15, 16, 17, 19–20

Venezuela 2007 10–11


major ammunition producers 2001 15

MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2011 33


mergers of state-owned companies 2003 9

most important companies 2002 20, 21, 2003 14–15


pistols 2004 28

RPG-7 2004 35–7


survey of producers 2001 30, 33–4, 53, 2002 57, 2003 19–20, 2004 10–11, 14–16

trends 2004 8

unlicensed 2007 19–20, 22, 24

Rwandan genocide 2001 207

stockpiles 2005 77

Chechnya 2002 90

civilian holdings 2002 87, 2003 65, 2007 47–8, 62




Georgia 2003 198–9

MANPADS 2004 83, 84



losses from 2001 178, 2006 38


stockpile security 2004 54–5, 103



weapons tracing 2009 121

see also Soviet Union

Rwanda

ammunition availability 2005 19–20

children without parents 2009 200

conflict




conflict goods 2002 140–1, 142

genocide 2001 204–5, 206–7

Burundi 2007 199

internally displaced persons 2001 225, 2002 168, 196





DDR and weapons reduction 2003 283, 293, 2005 290, 2009 185

death among UN staff 2002 187

end-use certificates, illicit 2008 158–9

exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130, 2005 319


to the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2004 130, 2005 319

to UNITA in Angola 2001 118–19


arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 265


imports, irresponsible transfers to 2007 105

Ingando process 2009 233, 236

land conflict 2013 117–18



police, women 2014 71







War Tribunals 2002 177

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) 2001 207, 2007 135

SA-7 MANPADS 2004 83, 2006 283, 2011 30

designations 2004 79

destruction of 2008 100

effectiveness 2004 80

information 2004 86

Iraq 2012 327, 329

Mombasa attack (2002) 2004 77, 87–8, 2008 12

production of 2008 17

Somalia 2012 340

specifications and manufacture 2004 82

stockpiles 2004 84

transfers of 2004 87–8, 90

SA-14 MANPADS 2004 82, 90

Iraq 2012 327

SA-16 Igla MANPADS 2004 83



specifications and manufacture 2004 82

stockpiles 2004 84

transfers of 2002 116, 2004 87

SA-16 MANPADS, Iraq 2012 327

SA-18 Igla MANPADS, Somalia 2012 340

SA-18 MANPADS 2004 82, 84, 87, 90, 92–3

illicit supply 2012 122

SA-24 MANPADS, Venezuela 2011 22

SA-80 assault rifle 2001 33

Heckler & Koch licensed production 2002 49, 50

reliability 2003 21


Saab Bofors (Sweden) 2004 35, 82

Carl Gustav recoilless rifle 2011 26–7


Saarland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 40

Saco Defense (United States) 2001 26, 2003 15



most popular machine guns 2001 19–21


Sacra Corona Unita (SCU)

firearms trafficking 2013 94

homicides 2013 83, 86–8

structure 2013 80

SAD see European Union (EU), Single Administrative Document

SADC see Southern African Development Community

SAF see Sudan Armed Forces

SAF sub-machine gun 2004 23

Saf-T-Hammer Corp (United States) 2002 12

Safat Aviation Complex (Sudan) 2014 232

Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative (United States) 2010 240

Safer Community strategies 2009 240

Safer Port Moresby 2006 169

Saferworld 2001 262–3, 2002 262

safety


humanitarian operations, definition 2002 190


safety features

pistols 2003 22

Smith & Wesson 2002 28–9

safety and security measures

civil aviation 2010 61–2


safety training, Yemen 2003 185–6

Sagger missiles


Iraq 2012 327

Somalia 2012 339–40

Sahouss, André Joseph 2014 163

Saiga hunting rifle, intellectual property rights 2007 24

Saint Kitts and Nevis



St. Louis (United States), Consent-to-Search programme 2006 311–12, 2007 181, 2008 283

Saint Lucia




St Petersburg Declaration (1868) 2002 179

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines



Sako Ltd (Finland) 2002 12, 37

Sakr Factory for Developed Industry (Egypt) 2005 60

Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSCP) (Algeria), guided light weapons holdings

2008 32

Saleh, Ali Abdullah 2003 79

sales, international arms transfers 2009 9

SALIGRAD see Assessing Small Arms Issues and Developing Capacity for Peace in the Horn of

Africa

Salih, President Ali Abdullah 2003 170–1

al-Sallal, Colonel Abdullah 2003 170

Salopek, Paul 2004 127

Samoa




imports 2004 281

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284


see also American Samoa

San Antonio (Texas), gang treatment projects 2010 242

San Giuseppe Jato (Italy), mafia firearms 2013 92

San Salvador (El Salvador), gang violence 2010 141

SANDF see South African National Defence Force

Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) 2013 52, 59, 63

Sandinista Popular Army 2013 60

Sandline International 2001 104, 109, 110, 121

in Papua New Guinea 2011 113, 114, 116, 117–18

Sankoh, Foday 2001 120–3

Santa Barbara (Spain) 2004 7





Santorini 2002 91, 93

Santos, Ambassador Carlos dos 2002 207

São Paulo (Brazil)

homicide rates 2012 23–4



private security companies, firearm stockpiles 2011 113



São Tomé and Príncipe, destruction programmes, MANPADS 2008 101

SAPS see South African Police Service; Structural Adjustment Programmes

SAR 21 rifle 2003 22

SAR 80 assault rifle 2001 63

Sarajevo, market massacre (1994) 2008 12

Sarawis 2005 308, 312

Saria Industrial Complex (Sudan) 2014 232

Sark, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

Sarsenbayev, Altynbek 2012 114

Sarsilmaz (Turkey) 2005 56

SASP see Small Arms Serialization Program

Sassou Nguesso, Dennis 2003 256–8, 260–2, 264–5, 267, 2014 152, 154

Satellite Beach, Florida (United States), illicit weapons 2014 247–50, 252–68

satellite towns, definition 2007 169

satellite tracking, transfer control 2008 132

Satgas Papua (West Papua) 2002 98

Saudi Arabia

control measures, MANPADS 2004 90

exports 2004 105



transparency 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 15, 17, 2012 293, 298, 2013 181, 183,

2014 130

illicit transfers from 2007 105, 106

to Somalia 2007 94

imports



from the European Union 2003 104


list of exporters 2005 102, 104, 105, 2006 68, 69







value 1994–1998 2001 157

value 2001 2004 100, 102, 108, 111

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 106, 108

value 2003 2006 67, 74, 77

non-state actors


support for 2002 130


production


licensed 2002 51, 52–3, 2007 15



stockpiles


military 2005 88

police 2005 89

stockpile security 2004 55, 102

Yemen 2003 170, 175

Savage Arms (United States) 2001 27, 2002 28, 2005 54

Save the Children Fund, child soldiers 2002 171

Savimbi, Jonas 2003 297, 2005 191–2, 285

elections 2003 304–5

illicit transfers to UNITA 2001 173

savings, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 144–5

Schmidl, Erwin A. 2003 292

Schmidt & Bender (Austria) 2005 59

schools

attacks on 2009 203–4

attacks within 2009 204–5


shooting incidents 2008 265–6

violence mapping 2008 216

Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft (SIG) (Switzerland) 2001 33, 38

see also SIG

science fiction, less-lethal weapons technology 2011 84

Scientific and Technical Department (DPTC) (Rio de Janeiro) 2007 302

scope mounts 2005 49

Scotland, law enforcement stockpiles 2006 41

Scott Report, UK export controls 2002 248

SCPS see Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance

scrap metal, demilitarization process 2013 209–10

screening

Canada 2002 269


Sea Scorpion 2012 210

Seattle (United States), weapons collection programmes 2003 280

Second World War, tonnage of bombs deployed 2008 94

Second World War stocks

European civilian holdings 2007 52

Pacific Islands 2003 35

US armed forces stocks 2001 73

second-generation security promotion, post-conflict situations 2009 220, 233, 237–41

second-hand weapons

prices as an indicator of stockpiles 2002 65–7


transfers of, data 2003 101

Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional (SEDENA) (Mexico) 2013 285

sectarian violence, Northern Ireland 2003 284–6

‘Sector 5’, production 2006 8

Securitas 2011 103

security

aid 2001 233–4

armed groups 2006 250–1, 252–3, 259

cultures of violence 2001 205–8

definition 2002 190

demand for small arms 2006 142, 145, 148, 149–52


development programmes, effects of small arms misuse 2002 297–303, 2003 148–9, 150–1

disarmament and weapons collection 2002 280, 292–5, 304–5, 313, 2003 152, 294, 309,

312

Mali 2002 288




government controls, Middle East 2003 79–80


humanitarian operations 2002 186–92, 190


investment and revenue collection 2003 144–5

Iraq, weapons prices 2007 270

Israel 2003 77–8


land conflicts 2013 113

local security arrangements, South Sudan 2007 336–9

Papua New Guinea 2006 165–6, 179–82, 183–4

post-conflict 2005 269–71, 276, 279, 2009 219–20, 233–41, 327–9


privatization of 2001 219–20, 2003 139–40, 2004 196–8, 199, 2007 176–8, 183

public perceptions of

community policing 2007 184

urban violence 2007 175–8, 181, 182




urban armed violence 2007 175–8, 180, 181, 182


violence in refugee camps 2002 168–9

see also insecurity; national security; stockpile security

security first approach, Mali 2002 288

security forces

community groups 2010 267

Côte d’Ivoire 2011 6, 199–211

security personnel

humanitarian agencies 2002 191

misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1

security provision

hybrid 2011 2–3, 146–50

non-state sector 2011 2–3

state sector 2011 1–2

see also private security companies

Security Research and Information Centre (SRIC) 2001 262–5, 265

security sector reform (SSR) 2003 153, 2005 276, 287, 289, 303

Cambodia 2006 119–20, 133–5, 136

Côte d’Ivoire 2011 194, 216–20

Haiti 2011 2, 6


post-conflict 2005 276, 287, 289, 303, 2011 2


surplus destruction 2008 104–5

Uganda 2007 300


West Africa armed groups 2006 259

Yemen 2003 186

Security Threat Groups 2010 162

see also prison gangs

SEDENA see Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional

sedentary communities 2003 141, 143

SEESAC see South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms

and Light Weapons

segregation



seizures


ammunition 2005 11

Brazil, ammunition 2007 301–2, 304–5

China 2005 82

illicit weapons 1999 2001 167

international illicit trade 2005 113–16

municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 182

Philippines 2002 138, 139, 2007 145

RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3

South America 2006 83–7


self-defence


Burundi 2007 198, 216–17, 221



crime in Africa 2004 198



frequency of defensive uses 2004 184


Kyrgyzstan 2004 314


Pacific 2004 301






weapons collection 2002 304–5, 308


self-determination, UN Programme of Action 2002 222

self-homing applications 2003 25

self-inflicted injuries, costs of small arms violence 2006 199–200, 201

self-loading rifles (SLR)

military procurement, United Kingdom 2006 12

Nepal 2003 113


Sellier & Bellot (Czech Republic) 2003 15, 40, 2004 27

semi-automatic weapons

civilian ownership 2007 61, 63–4

criminal ownership 2010 114

national control of civilian ownership 2002 265, 269

police use 2011 74–5




SEMTEX, supply to militants 2013 232

Sendero Luminoso see Shining Path

Senegal

armed groups 2002 82, 2006 249, 255, 256, 259


illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171

imports 2004 101, 114

insurgent stockpiles 2003 82



violence and crime 2004 193, 194, 195, 196, 198

women and small arms control policies 2014 50, 52–3

sentencing, demand for small arms 2006 143, 148

sentimental value of weapons, Yemen 2003 178

September 11, 2001 2003 73

Al-Qaeda 2003 73

illicit craft production in Pakistan 2003 33

increase in small arms sales 2002 9

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 57, 59–62

SER PAZ (Ecuador), gang reintegration 2010 93–4, 216–21

Serbia

ammunition

production 2014 194


demilitarization industry 2013 189, 192–3


MANPADS 2008 101



disarmament and weapons collection 2003 61, 297, 300

displacement of Albanian Kosovars 2002 168

exports



tracing 2014 223

transparency 2009 8, 49, 2010 8, 15, 2011 15, 16, 2012 292, 299–300, 302, 305,

306–7, 2013 181, 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135

illicit transfers from, to Liberia 2004 131, 2005 168


NATO’s war against 1999, humanitarian agencies 2002 190




personnel 2011 106

production







stockpiles 2006 41, 44, 46




military


transfers to civilian ownership 2007 61



see also Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro

brokers 2004 144




exports

ammunition 2009 15









imports 2006 70


Kosovo 2005 210, 216–20


production 2003 38, 46–7, 2004 103

licensed 2007 15


see also Montenegro; Serbia

serial numbers, weapons tracing 2009 111–14, 116–18

service life, ammunition 2005 17–18

sexual assault 2002 172

by women 2010 195

children 2009 196, 197

conflict 2001 213


girl gang members 2010 198–9

Haiti 2011 241

Papua New Guinea 2006 170, 174–5, 184

Somalia 2012 161–2

South Sudan 2007 329, 330–1

Uganda 2006 288

see also rape

sexual minorities, policing 2004 236

sexual violence

definition 2014 11

firearm use 2014 40, 42, 51

social norms 2014 14

United Nations resolutions 2014 42

see also domestic violence; intimate partner violence; violence against women and girls

Seychelles


irresponsible transfers to Indonesia 2007 101


Shabangu, Susan 2013 143

Shanti Bahini, illicit transfers to 2002 129, 144

shantytowns

urban violence 2007 162, 167–9


see also slums

sharp instrument injuries see knife/sharp instrument injuries

sheikhs, Yemen 2003 183, 185–6

shelf life, ammunition 2005 17–18, 31

shells, construction 2005 10–12

Shevardnadze, President Eduard 2003 191, 202

al-Shibah, Ramzi bin 2003 170

Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso, SL), prison rebellions 2010 166–7

shipping


see also piracy

ships, use for diversions 2008 115–16

Shiri, Perence 2001 108

Shiv Sena (India), urban political armed violence in Mumbai 2007 175

Shlem missile 2008 18

‘Shmel’ see RPO-A ‘Shmel’

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 191, 192–5, 198–9

shotgun shells, transfers 2010 18, 22–3, 25–7, 30

shotguns

ammunition 2005 12

barrels, transfers 2012 257–8

barrels and cartridges, transfers 2000–2006 2009 12

Brazil 2007 228, 231

Colombia 2006 231

dual-purpose 2011 83

exports 2006 68–73

customs data 1999 2002 113, 114, 115


trends 1995–1999 2002 147

home-made, Nicaragua 2013 62–3

illicit

Mexico 2013 292


imports 2006 75–8



Papua New Guinea 2006 175, 176, 177, 178

police firearms 2001 69, 70

production


Brazil 2004 22

Italy 2001 32


United States 2001 26, 27, 2002 27, 29, 2003 17, 18, 2004 13, 14, 119, 120


transfers of 2003 102–3




Shoubra Company for Engineering Industries (Egypt) 2002 17

shoulder-fired rocket launchers

illicit, Iraq 2012 322–6

stockpiles 2002 63, 64, 70–3

Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW) 2011 27

SHP see Southern Highlands Province

Shrem, Marco 2004 141

SICA see System for Central American Integration

Sicilian mafia (Cosa Nostra) 2013 75, 78, 91–2

Sierra Leone

armed groups

Arms for Development programme 2006 264–5

children in 2001 230, 1229, 2006 251


DDR programmes 2006 259, 261

looting 2006 253

short-term gain-seeking groups 2005 193, 194

sources of weapons 2006 254–5

typology 2006 249

see also Revolutionary United Front

brokering 2004 152, 164


Civil Defence Forces 2010 270

conflict

child soldiers 2001 229, 230, 2006 251




deaths 2005 252, 253, 258




control measures, West African Moratorium 2001 261


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 307–8, 2006 259–61, 264–5, 2009 185, 187

assessment of 2005 278, 284

disposal methods 2002 311

peace agreements 2003 283–4


Small Arms Control in the Mano River Union 2004–2005 2005 290

UNAMSIL and NCDDR 1999–2001 2002 289–90, 302, 311, 2003 279

UNAMSIL and NCDDR 2001–2002 2002 289–90, 290, 302, 311, 2003 279, 290, 293,

2005 291

UNDP Arms for Development 2002–2005 2005 291

UNOMSIL 1998–1999 2003 293

diamond trade and brokers 2001 108

gender relations, effects of small arms misuse 2003 147



arms embargoes 2002 132, 133, 2004 112, 268, 269

arms supply networks 2001 116, 119–23

brokers 2004 164


imports

authorized transfers 1999–2002 2004 114




from UK 2001 151




post-conflict crime 2005 274





armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 106, 108

regulation 2011 150

training 2011 123

production, craft production 2006 255



sexual assault by women 2010 195

stockpiles 2003 81

insurgents 2003 82



Sierra Rutile 2011 112

SIG 540 Series assault rifle 2004 23



licensed production, Chile 2001 30


production 2001 33

SIG 550-552 2001 63

SIG Arms Inc (United States) 2002 39

SIG Arms (Switzerland) 2001 20, 33, 2002 38–9

see also Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft

SIG Sauer 9mm P226 pistols 2002 39

Sig Sauer pistols, use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

SIG Sauer SP 2022 pistols 2009 40–2, 2011 72

sights see weapon sights

Sihanouk, King 2002 129, 2006 120

Sikani, Richard 2006 178

‘Silanyo’, Mohamed Mohamoud 2012 157, 167

Silent Guardian 2011 86

Simonov SKS assault rifle, Burundi 2007 204

Sinaloa (Mexico), drug cartel 2012 43, 56, 2013 286, 301

Singapore

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280

penalties for unlawful possession 2011 282







enforcement 2009 86


licensing systems 2009 72, 74, 80–1


exports



human rights 2004 129, 130, 131

irresponsible transfers from 2007 101, 103, 104



transparency 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014

130

unreported 2009 8

value 2001 2004 102, 103, 105

value 2002 2005 100

value 2003 2006 68, 72



imports




list of exporters 2005 103, 104, 105



production

ammunition 2001 15



licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18


MANPADS 2004 81, 82






transportation, record-keeping 2010 53

Singapore Technologies Kinetics (STK) (Singapore)

airbursting ammunition 2003 25, 2011 25

ammunition contracts 2010 29, 31





Singh, Jasjit 2001 62, 2007 41

single-parent families

Brazil 2007 228, 233, 235, 244, 245, 247


single-shot (bolt-action) rifles, military stockpiles 2006 54, 55, 57

single-shot, disposable units, transfers 2011 27–9

Sinn Fein, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260

Sirius Star, MV, hijacking 2012 198

SISME see System of Security Information Exchange

SK Jagd-und Sportmunitions (Germany) 2002 12

SK-10 launcher, Iraq 2012 327, 329

SKS automatic rifles 2003 267–8, 2006 55

Iraq 2012 320, 321

SKS-pattern rifles

United States

Chinese 2014 253, 261, 268

illicit 2014 260, 261, 267–8

Sky Air Cargo Services UK 2001 121, 122, 172

sky marshals 2004 66

SL (Sendero Luminoso) see Shining Path

SLA see Sudan Liberation Army

SLA-AW see Sudan Liberation Army–Abdul Wahid

SLA-MM see Sudan Liberation Army–Minni Minawi

slang, small arms in popular culture 2006 309–10

sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) 2002 170

Slovakia


brokering 2004 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161



diversion, sub-machine guns from Uganda to Liberia 2008 115, 117, 121


exports 2001 148, 2002 120, 2003 108, 2005 107




tracing 2014 223

transparency 2009 49, 2010 13, 15, 2011 16, 2012 292, 305, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


to Liberia 2002 132

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 172, 2002 132


imports 2005 104, 2006 70

ATGWs 2011 31, 32






production


government control 2003 38

licensed 2007 15




survey of producers 2001 35, 36, 53, 2002 57, 2003 38, 42–3


Slovenia


brokering 2004 153, 154, 156, 157, 160, 161


exports

irresponsible transfers to India 2007 101

value 2001 148

imports, single-shot disposable systems 2011 28





armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 106

production






SLPF see Somaliland Police Force

SLR see self-loading rifles

slums

definition of urban areas 2007 169

São Paulo, Brazil 2007 167

urban armed violence 2007 162, 167–9, 179–81, 180


see also shantytowns

small arms


authorized transfers 2009 7–53, 2012 2, 242, 251, 2013 179–80

estimation techniques 2012 247–8

control measures

international policies and gender 2014 54–7

national actions plans and gender 2014 46–54

definitions 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9, 2010 3, 2011 5, 2012 5, 243, 314, 2013

2, 284, 2014 4, 82, 246

illicit


Iraq 2012 319–22

Mexico 2013 287–98


Somalia 2012 338–9

parts 2012 243–4

United States

linked to drug trafficking 2014 254–9

linked to gangs 2014 259–60

possession by felons 2014 252–4

Small Arms and Cartridges Corporation (CAST) (Russian Federation) 2003 15, 19, 2004 15

Small Arms Conference see United Nations (UN), Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms

and Light Weapons in all its Aspects

Small Arms Consultative Group Process (CGP) 2007 129

transfers to non-state actors 2007 133–5

Small Arms Factory Group (SAF) (Israel) 2002 123

small arms and light weapons (SALW)




Small Arms Survey 2001 8, 2002 10, 2003 10, 2004 8, 2005 41

terrorism 2003 59–60

UN 2001 251



Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4

Small Arms Survey, Liberia Armed Violence Assessment 2014 16–17

Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer

2004 update 2004 3–4, 99, 115–18, 134

2005 update 2005 110–13, 117

2006 update 2006 65, 80–2, 88

2007 update 2007 73, 74, 87–90

2008 update 2008 114, 137–42

2009 update 2009 8, 47–52

2010 update 2010 8, 13–17

2011 update 2011 15–19

2012 update 2012 2, 7, 283–4, 289–94

2013 update 2013 4, 181–4

2014 update 2014 128–31

background 2012 284–9

parameters 2012 284–5, 295

trends 2001-2010 2012 294–308

access and consistency 2012 296–8

brokering activities 2012 300

clarity 2012 298–300

comprehensiveness 2012 300–2

deliveries 2012 302–3

licences granted 2012 303–4, 305

licences refused 2012 304–6

timeliness 2012 295–6

small-bore repeaters, Yemen 2003 173

small-calibre ammunition see ammunition

SMAW see Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon

SME Ordnance (Malaysia) 2001 43

SME Technologies (Malaysia) 2001 43

Smith & Wesson pistols, gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 61, 64, 65

Smith & Wesson (S&W) (United States)

exports 2004 119


handguns 2011 74, 93


lawsuits in the US and introduction of safety features 2002 28–9

losses 2002 9



ownership of 2002 12, 28


revolvers used by gangs in Ecuador 2010 214


survey of producers 2001 26, 27, 2004 13–14


weapons used in Colombia 2012 29–30

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23, 24

smuggling

Africa 2003 86

ammunition 2005 26

ant trade 2002 135


civilian disarmament 2003 306



Europe 2003 71–2, 2006 83

from Former Yugoslavia 2003 111

Kosovo 2005 215, 219, 221


Macedonia/FRY 2003 67

into Mexico 2003 108

Palestine 2003 78

Palestinian territories 2002 91, 93–4

prices

black-market prices 2002 68

Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257


Southern Africa, destruction programmes 2003 245–6

sub-Saharan Africa 2003 117, 117–18

transport by sea 2002 144



women as arms couriers 2014 39

see also diversions; illicit transfers; trafficking

SNA see Somali National Army

SNC Industrial Technologies (Canada) 2001 27

Snelgrove, Victoria 2011 88, 92

sniper rifles

Iraq 2012 320, 321, 322




most popular military weapons 2004 29

police firearms 2011 75–7

Belgium 2001 69, 70



SNM see Somali National Movement

social activity, Georgia 2003 206–7

social bonding theory, armed violence 2008 248

social capital




indicators 2002 159


social cohesion, fragmentation of public space 2007 176–8

Social Conflict in Africa Database 2013 125

social conflicts, Africa 2013 103, 123–5

social control, Yemen 2003 169–70, 183–5

social development, disarmament 2003 309

social dislocation, urban violence 2007 167

social factors

conflict use 2005 180–1, 188–99

disarmament and peace operations 2003 294

firearm-related deaths, Brazil 2007 228, 233–8, 243–6, 247, 251, 252



social impact studies, weapons collection programmes 2002 312–14

social interaction, urban violence 2007 167

social learning theory, armed violence 2008 248

social networks, effects of small arms 2001 229

social norms

changing 2014 27–8, 28–9

Liberia 2014 17–18

Nepal 2014 24–6

violence against women and girls 2014 9, 13–15

social reintegration, Aceh 2009 259–62

social services, effects of small arms misuse 2003 131, 140–1, 144–5

social violence

costs of small arms violence 2006 190, 192, 194–5, 200

developing countries 2003 126–8

distinction from gun violence 2003 130


Georgia 2003 206

social welfare, indicators of humanitarian impacts 2002 159–60

socialization, young men and small arms 2006 300–1, 301–10

Société centrafricaine de protection et de surveillance (SCPS) 2005 309, 312

Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property 2004 70–1

Society without Violence (El Salvador) 2008 292

socio-economic policy, armed violence 2013 139–40, 145–7, 152

Sofia Statement, end-use assurances 2002 252

soft law 2003 219–20

soft-point bullets see expanding bullets

Soghanalian, Sarkis 2001 101, 103, 187, 2004 165, 166, 2008 135, 136

soldiers

criticism by humanitarian agencies 2002 190

enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184


humanitarian and human rights law 2002 181

new wars 2002 174–5

selling arms 2002 137

see also child soldiers; ex-combatants

sole licences 2007 8

Solomon Islands 2004 5

black-market prices for M16 rifles 2002 67

conflict

availability factors 2005 184, 186

conflict weapons 2004 289

illicit arms 2001 184


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 302–3, 304, 2004 296, 298–300, 2009 185

monitoring organizations 2003 293

PMC 2001–2002 peace-building 2003 280, 2005 282–3, 292

post-conflict 2004 58, 2005 282–3, 292

demand for small arms 2005 281, 282–3, 2006 148, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158

disarmament 2009 163, 166, 174–5


imports 2004 280



production, craft production 2003 35–6, 2004 288, 2005 18


civilian holdings 2004 283, 302, 303

leakage 2004 287, 288

police 2004 230

state 2004 284


transportation of weapons 2005 185


Somali National Alliance (SNA), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33

Somali National Army (SNA) 2012 148, 157

Somali National Movement (SNM) 2009 240, 2012 148, 150, 157

Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), Sudanese weapons 2014 233, 234

Somalia

ammunition

Chinese 2014 200–1

profiling 2014 183, 187–208

Sudanese 2014 203

Ukrainian 2014 204


unmarked 2014 206


arms markets 2012 347

civil war 2012 148, 156–7

conflict

attacks on humanitarian operations 2002 192



and illicit weapon prices 2013 271–3



violence in South Sudan 2007 317

criminal violence 2012 160

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 293, 298–9, 2005 291, 2009 185

development programmes, effects of misuse of small arms 2003 149

diversion of weapons from Latvia 2008 120, 123

illicit transfers from, to Kenya 2001 175

illicit transfers to 2001 175, 2007 74, 92–4, 97, 2012 344–7

arms embargoes 2002 132, 2004 128, 264

brokering 2004 163

through Yemen 2004 102

illicit weapons 2012 2–3, 7, 313–14, 336–47

data collection 2013 254, 256–7

data sources 2012 315, 336–8



prices 2013 254–74, 278–9


sources 2012 348–9


immunization programmes 2002 170

imports 2004 109

improvised explosive devices (IEDs), casualties 2013 226

land conflict 2013 120, 121

MANPADS 2004 88




firearms 2010 122

stockpiles 2010 324

piracy 2012 3, 5, 174–89, 191–213

high-risk area 2012 194

pirate groups 2012 192–5

ransoms 2012 195, 206–7

rules of behaviour 2012 202–3

trends 2012 195–6


weapons 2012 197–9

prices 2002 66, 67, 70


RPG-7 2004 35



stockpiles 2004 54, 2006 38

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 60

looting 2012 3, 339, 347, 349

Somaliland

ammunition

profiling 2014 183, 187–208

unmarked 2014 207

armed violence 2012 4, 151–3, 159, 162

clan system 2012 166–7

communal violence 2012 166–8

community-based disarmament 2009 240, 2010 320

conflict 2012 148, 153–4, 156–9

conflict resolution 2012 167–8

criminal violence 2012 159–66

disarmament programmes 2012 149


local security providers 2012 162–6

policing 2010 319

political violence 2012 156–9

security perceptions 2012 154–6

security situation 2012 147–68

small arms holdings 2012 149–51, 152

Somaliland Armed Forces, firearms 2010 122

Somaliland Police Force (SLPF) 2012 159, 164, 166

Son San 2002 129

Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn militia (SSC) (Somaliland) 2012 152, 157–9

Soqour al-Sham rebel group (Syria) 2014 203

Soreq Nuclear Research Center (Israel) 2011 78

South Africa

ammunition

production 2014 190


apartheid 2013 135

armed violence 2013 1, 4, 133–52

Arms and Ammunition Act No.75 (AAA) (1969) 2008 186

AVRP programming 2013 133, 147–50

brokering

arrests 2004 164

controls 2001 109, 2002 256

definition 2004 143


legislation 2004 161

licensing 2004 154, 155, 156, 157

Central Firearms Registry (CFR) 2008 187



licences 2011 281







user regulation 2011 276, 277, 278, 280

control measures

ammunition 2005 21


brokering 2001 109, 2002 256, 2004 154, 155, 156, 157, 161

civilian ownership 2002 223, 269–70, 2003 239–40, 2006 158


MANPADS 2005 136, 137

norms 2003 216–17

reform measures 2004 67

UN Programme of Action 2002 210–11, 223, 228

costs of small arms violence 2001 217, 2006 194, 196, 197, 199

crime

cash-in-transit robberies 2008 191–2

violent 2008 183, 184–5, 187–9


data and monitoring of armed violence 2013 151–2



individual status 2006 152

personal security 2006 149

political identity 2006 153

programmes targeting demand 2006 157

social and economic security 2006 152

Department of Correctional Services, firearms 2008 197–8

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 97

disarmament 2009 163, 176–7, 179

Domestic Violence Act (DVA) (1998) 2013 37, 140–2



enforcement 2009 86




exports

ammunition 2009 16




to Colombia 2005 161, 2006 236


to Haiti 2005 164

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130


list of importers 2005 107, 108, 2006 75, 76



national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 121, 2003 98




transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 78, 81, 2007 74, 87, 89, 2009 50, 2010 16,

2011 17, 2012 293, 298–9, 2013 183, 2014 130

trends 2000 2003 118

unreported 2009 8, 10, 31

value 2001 2004 105

value 2002 2005 104

value 2003 2006 72

firearm femicides 2013 26, 32

firearm homicides 2009 176–7, 2013 133, 136–7



firearm violence, lethal and non-lethal 2012 96, 97, 98

firearms

competency certificates 2008 186, 190

Department of Correctional Services 2008 197–8

licences 2008 187

lost or stolen 2008 188–9, 191–2, 193–5, 196, 198


South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2008 195–7

South African Police Service (SAPS) 2008 193–5

use in crime 2008 183, 184–5, 187–8

Firearms Control Act (FCA) (2000) 2008 183, 186–7, 198, 2009 177, 2013 133, 140–2

Firearms Control Bill (FCB) 2008 186

firearms injuries 2001 214


gangs 2010 233

interventions 2010 239

history of violence 2013 134–7

homicide-suicides 2013 27

homicides 2013 133, 135–7



to Burundi 2007 74, 85–6, 2009 109

non-state actors 2002 129

to Rwanda 2002 132


to UNITA in Angola 2001 117, 2002 132, 2005 192

imports 2003 117


from China 2002 22

MANPADS 2004 87


inequality 2013 145–7, 152

Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 2008 196


Mozambique, weapons collection 2002 295

National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC) 2009 68

National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS) 2008 185

National Injury Mortuary Surveillance System (NIMSS) 2008 188

One in Nine Campaign 2014 27


policing 2004 217, 218, 219, 229, 2013 142–5




prison guards, women 2014 69

private security companies 2001 220, 2011 103, 140



personnel 2011 106


training 2011 124

production 2004 11


illicit craft production 2001 45–6, 2003 27, 30–1

licensed 2002 43, 45, 47–8, 2007 15, 27






Rwandan genocide 2001 207


stockpiles 2003 85

civilian holdings 2001 86, 2002 137, 138, 2003 30–1, 83, 2007 47–8, 172




illicit small arms 2001 21–2

military 2001 73, 2006 44, 46


in Mozambique 2001 64

police 2001 70, 2006 41


stockpile lethality 2004 53, 54

stolen firearms 2002 137, 138, 2004 63, 64


transportation

licensing 2010 53


‘truth commission’ 2003 311




survey of gunshot victims 2001 217–18

violence in schools 2009 205

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 2003 60, 243–4, 279, 2004 58,

60, 2005 75, 290, 2009 166, 176–7


South African National Defence Force (SANDF) 2003 243–4, 2007 85–6


South African Police Service (SAPS) 2003 243

attacks on 2008 195

firearms 2008 193–5, 2013 142–3

homicide data 2013 151

reforms 2013 133, 143–4, 152

violence by 2013 144–5

South African Service Corps 2009 233, 235

South America

authorized transfers 2003 101, 114, 115


homicide rates, trends 2012 14–15

illicit transfers 2001 184–8, 2006 65, 83–7, 88


production

distribution of producers 2003 11


distribution of producing countries 2001 10, 2002 11, 12, 2004 9


surplus weapons estimates 2008 84–5

see also Latin America

South Asia

attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15

authorized transfers 2003 111–13

civilian ownership, changing patterns of 2007 63





production

illicit 2001 46–7


stockpiles, 2002 update 2002 99–102

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 2002 216

South Australia (Australia)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 282






South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light

Weapons (SEESAC) 2004 252, 2008 115–16, 2011 19

estimates of civilian holdings 2007 53

South Kordofan (Sudan), non-state armed groups 2014 215

South Korea





exports



Comtrade data 2012 274, 2013 179–80

human rights 2004 129, 130, 131, 132





parts 2012 255, 259–60




tracing 2014 223

transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012

293, 2013 183, 2014 130

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135

value 2001 2004 106

value 2002 2005 105

value 2003 2006 72




imports

ammunition 2009 16

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 12, 2013 180





parts 2012 260

from the United States 2004 10–11, 120

value 2001 2004 100, 108, 111

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 106, 108

value 2003 2006 74, 77


production


licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 21





stockpiles 2005 83, 85, 2006 57


South Ossetia



Georgia 2003 191, 193–4




ammunition

Chinese 2014 192, 200, 201

profiling 2014 183, 187–208

Sudanese 2014 202–3

unmarked 2014 204–7

non-state armed groups 2014 214–17


unauthorized retransfers to 2014 117–18, 119, 237

weapons tracing 2014 5–6, 213–39

Chinese weapons 2014 225–8, 237

Iranian weapons 2014 229–30

Sudanese weapons 2014 231–5

South Sudan DDR Commission (SSDDRC) 2007 332–3

South Sudan Defence Forces (SSDF) 2007 321–4, 342–4, 2010 278–9


civilian disarmament in Jonglei State 2007 334

Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319

Other Armed Groups 2007 326

weapons 2014 215, 226, 228, 233, 234

South Sudan Democratic Movement/Army (SSDM/A)

ammunition 2014 192, 201, 203, 207

weapons 2014 215, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234

South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SSLM/A)

ammunition 2014 200, 203, 204, 230, 235

weapons 2014 215, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234

South Sudan United Democratic Alliance (SSUDA) 2007 325

South Yemen see People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen

South-east Europe

exports, regional reporting 2012 306

production 2003 38, 43–7

Southeast Asia

armed groups 2001 79, 83, 2006 253

attempt to create regional plan 2002 214–15

deaths 2004 175, 176, 177, 200



illicit production 2001 46


imports 2003 101–2

value 2000 2003 100

stockpile security 2004 54–5, 56


Southern Africa




norms 2003 237–46

regional control measures 2001 261–2


Southern Africa Regional Action Programme on Light Arms and Illicit Arms Trafficking (1998)

2001 261–2, 2002 210

Southern African Development Community (SADC) 2004 252


norms 2003 216–17

Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials (2001) 2005

124, 125, 126, 2009 62, 63, 2011 264, 2013 35

ammunition 2005 24

brokers 2002 256

MANPADS 2005 136


regional norms 2003 237–9, 241–6

stockpiles 2003 86


UN Small Arms Conference (2001), Programme of Action 2002 211

Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Co-operation Organization (SARPCCO) 2004 217

control measures in Southern Africa 2001 262

regional norms 2003 237, 245–6


Southern Cone, firearm homicides 2012 24

Southern Europe, illicit transfers 2001 176

Southern Highlands Province (SHP) (Papua New Guinea) 2006 165, 166, 167–78

Southern Lebanon Armed Violence Assessment 2009 317, 323–33

death and injury 2009 325


gun ownership 2009 329–30, 331–2

methodology 2009 324–5

political party and militia support 2009 326–7

post-traumatic stress 2009 327

property damage 2009 326

security perceptions 2009 327–9, 331

Southern Sudan

armed tribal groups 2010 285–8

civil wars 2010 278–80

Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2010 277, 279–80, 292–6

ethnicity 2010 281

governance 2010 281–2

Joint Integrated Units 2010 280, 289–90


oil fields 2010 295–6

referendum on self-determination (2011) 2010 277, 278, 292–3, 296–7

security outlook 2010 292–6

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2010 291–2

sovereignty see national sovereignty

Soviet Union

break-up of

communal warfare 2001 78

surplus arms 2001 97


exports

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 297

to Yemen 2003 175

Georgia 2003 192–5



to Central American non-state actors 2002 129

Cold War grey market 2001 168–9

Kyrgyzstan 2004 309

MANPADS 2004 79, 81, 2008 16–17

mortars 2002 72

prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 258, 261, 264, 268–9, 281, 282


production

licensed 2007 11–12, 17, 19–20, 21–2

MANPADS 2004 81, 2007 21

unlicensed 2007 7, 21–2, 24

RPG-7 2004 35

shoulder-fired rocket launchers 2002 70–1

stockpiles


Georgia 2003 198–9

military 2006 50

stockpile security 2002 137, 2004 54–5



see also Commonwealth of Independent States; Russian Federation

Spain

ammunition

production 2014 194


demilitarization industry 2013 189, 190


enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78





exports

ammunition 2006 67




Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80

Cyprus 2004 108

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132

irresponsible transfers from 2007 81, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107





national reporting 2001 155, 2002 120, 121, 122, 2003 98







transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 13, 15, 2011 15,

16, 2012 292, 298, 302, 2013 182, 2014 129



value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 102, 106

value 2002 2005 105

value 2003 2006 72





imports




parts 2012 256, 260







value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 77





armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 106

production

export to the United States 1991–1996 2001 27


of illicit weapons seized in Brazil 2001 22

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15








stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 203, 239, 2003 64, 68, 2007 47–8



insurgents 2002 88, 89, 2003 72

military 2006 48


transportation


licensing 2010 53

SPARCS (Soldier Parachute Aerial Reconnaissance Camera System) 2010 31, 33

Special Disarmament Brigades (BED) (Nicaragua) 2002 292–4

Special Operations Forces Combat Assault Rifle 2011 76–7

Special Police Operations Battalion see Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais

specialist munitions, UK police 2004 222

specialist production sector 2005 45, 51–3, 63

specialization



Spergel Model, gang treatment 2010 244

SPG-9 73 mm recoilless gun 2006 283–4

Spike ATGWs 2008 19, 20, 2011 32

production and sales 2008 28–30

SPLA see Sudan People’s Liberation Army

Spleeters, Damien 2014 182, 183, 204

SPLM-N see Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North

SPLM/A see Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army

sporting firearms

Africa, stockpiles 2003 83

Beretta 2001 32





rifles

exports from Brazil to the United States 2007 95–6

transfers 2002 113–14, 2003 105, 2006 68–73, 75–8, 2009 12

shotguns, transfers 2003 105, 2009 12, 14, 17–20

transfers 2002 124, 125, 2003 102–3, 109

2006 2009 8, 28–30, 43–7

Comtrade data 2000–2006 2009 12, 14, 17–20

Comtrade data 2001–2011 2014 113–17


types of 2009 43–4

see also hunting weapons

spousal abuse 2013 19

spousal notification, civilian ownership 2002 265

Spreewerk Lübben GmbH (Germany) 2013 189, 190, 199, 203

Springfield Armory (United States) 2005 56

squad fire support weapons 2004 31

squatter communities, urban violence 2007 167–9

Sri Lanka

ammunition

procurement 2010 32


conflict

child soldiers 2001 229, 230






diversion, weapons from China 2008 121

exports




from Cambodian military stockpiles 2002 258

from non-state actors 2002 129


imports 2003 112, 2005 106



value 2001 2004 109


new wars 2002 175

non-state actors, light weapons holdings 2008 15, 33

policing 2010 319



private security companies, wepons rental 2012 210–11

production, manufacturing sectors 2005 47


stockpiles 2002 101



UN Small Arms Conference, terrorism 2002 228

violence 2008 218


see also Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

SRIC see Security Research and Information Centre

Srpska Garda (Serbian Guard), firearms 2010 122

SSA see sub-Saharan Africa

SSC see Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn militia

SSDDRC see South Sudan DDR Commission

SSDF see South Sudan Defence Forces

SSDM/A see South Sudan Democratic Movement/Army

SSLM/A see South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army

SSR see security sector reform

SSUDA see South Sudan United Democratic Alliance

stability



Yemen 2003 182–3

Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe 2002 252, 260

Star (Spain) 2001 32, 2002 37–8

Starburst 2004 82, 84

Starstreak missiles 2004 82, 84, 87, 2011 33

state armed forces

acting as armed groups, West Africa 2006 259

air forces

Georgia 2003 197

stockpiles 2001 74

Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77


Brazil, diversions from 2007 289–90, 301–11

budgets, conflict goods 2002 140–1

Cambodia 2002 296, 2006 130–5

enforcement of humanitarian law 2002 184

Georgia 2003 197

India 2002 100–1

Indonesia, Aceh conflict 2007 78

military doctrines 2006 45–52

procurement 2006 7–30


Sudan 2007 320–1

Uganda, diversions from 2007 289–301, 311

women 2014 2

state arsenals


diversions from

Brazil 2007 310–11

Uganda 2007 297–8

looting for explosives 2013 233–5

see also military stockpiles

state collapse 2003 146

peace process disarmament 2003 291

State Factories (Russian Federation) 2001 20

State Military Scientific and Technical Centre (Georgia) 2003 48

state officials, misuse of guns by, Cambodia 2006 130–1

State Scientific and Technical Centre of Artillery and Rifle Arms (Ukraine) 2003 49

state security, provision of 2011 1–2

state security forces, armed violence 2013 10–11

State Specialized Scientific Association (Fort) (Ukraine) 2003 48–9

state sponsorship, supply of explosives to militants 2013 232–3

state-armed groups 2005 186–7

definitions of armed conflict 2005 231–2

factors in the use of weapons in armed conflict 2005 181

group goals 2005 194, 197

state-led violence, post-conflict 2009 228, 229

state-owned producers 2006 217–19

Argentina 2001 29

Belgium 2001 31


Chile 2001 30

China 2001 45, 2002 22–3

Croatia 2001 37

Egypt 2001 38–9

France 2001 32, 2002 32–3

Greece 2001 38

Hungary 2001 37

India 2001 42

Indonesia 2001 43


Middle East 2002 17

Myanmar 2001 43

Nigeria 2001 41

Pakistan 2001 43

Poland 2001 37

Russian Federation 2001 33, 2002 24–6

Singapore 2001 44

Spain 2001 32

Switzerland 2001 33

state-to-state transfers

controls, UN Firearms Protocol 2002 239–40

prices 2002 67

US military firearms to foreign governments 2002 86

states



NGOs and control 2002 242–3

norms 2003 220–1

stockpiles 2006 37–60, 46–7

transfers

human rights laws 2002 180


West African armed groups 2006 248–50, 255

see also governments

states of emergency, policing 2004 220

status


young men and small arms 2006 301, 302, 303–4, 306, 315

Statute of the International Court of Justice, norms 2003 217–18

Steinhäuser, Robert 2003 57

Stepping Stones programme (South Africa) 2013 149

Stepputat, Finn 2003 305–6

Sterling Armament Company (United Kingdom) 2001 18–19, 20, 2002 39

Sterling SMG 2001 18–19, 20

Steyr firearms, Kazakhstan 2012 119

Steyr-Mannlicher (Austria)

acquisitions 1994 2002 12






most popular assault rifles, AUG 2001 20


‘Steyrgate’ incident 2008 16

StG-58 rifle 2002 30

Stgw 57 automatic rifle 2006 55

Stgw 90 automatic rifle 2006 55

Stinger missiles 2004 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 2008 17, 18


diversion to Afghanistan 2008 119, 120, 125

end-use monitoring 2008 144

illicit, Mexico 2013 301

transfers 2011 33

Stinger Project Group (SPG) 2004 81, 82, 92, 2005 59

STK see Singapore Technologies Kinetics

Sto Ravne (Slovenia) 2003 46

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2001 170, 2002 10

Stockholm process 2004 270

stockpile management 2005 29–30, 72–6, 2006 37


armed groups 2006 257, 2010 322–4

Cambodia 2006 119, 134



Madagascar 2011 181


NATO/EAPC 2001 274



Republic of the Congo 2014 155, 167–70


UN Programme of Action 2009 140, 2011 57–8


US Army 2002 259, 260–1

West Africa 2006 247, 259, 266

stockpile security 2004 54–65, 86–90, 2005 186, 284, 2006 37

ammunition diversions 2007 289–312

brokering 2004 143–4, 145

Cambodia 2006 134

Iraq 2007 81–3, 2012 322

irresponsible transfers 2007 73, 81–6



MANPADS 2004 78, 84, 90


Pacific 2004 277

South African peacekeepers in Burundi 2007 85–6


stockpiles 2001 59–90, 2002 63–104, 2003 57–91, 77–8, 2004 43–75, 2005 71–92


Africa 2003 80–6

AK-47 2001 17

Al-Qaeda 2003 73–6, 2004 55

Albania and the KLA 2005 218–19

ammunition 2005 11, 17–18, 29–30, 2010 14


attrition rates 2001 76–7, 2007 43

availability factors in conflict 2005 185–6

Cambodia 2006 119, 124–5, 134



China 2002 94–7, 2003 86


control 2002 236


disarmament initiatives 2005 72–6

distribution 2001 65–8, 88, 2002 74–83, 103

diversions from 2008 43–7, 158


Brazil 2007 289–90, 301–11

Uganda 2007 289–301, 311

effect of legal transfers 2001 141, 159

estimating inventories 2005 76–8


Europe 2003 62–72

Georgia 2003 191–2, 196–205

global estimates 2001 88, 89, 2002 63–4, 73, 2007 39–41

history of research 2007 40–1

India 2002 100–1

Iraq 2004 43, 44–50, 2005 72, 73

Israel 2003 77–8

Kazakhstan

diversions from 2012 122

state holdings 2012 129–31


Latin America 2003 87–91, 116, 2004 50–4

lethality, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 315


liquidity, evaluating weapons collection programmes 2002 314

Macedonia 2003 289

MANPADS 2004 77, 83–4


Middle East 2002 90–4, 2003 77–80

monitoring 2004 255

Nigeria 2005 75

non-state actors 2006 146

Pacific 2003 88–9, 2004 277, 280–5

Pakistan, 2002 update 2002 100–1

Palestine 2003 77–8

peace process disarmament 2003 288


prices as an indicator 2002 65–70


registration 2004 66–71



Somalia, looting of 2012 3, 339, 347, 349


state 2006 37–60



types 2008 44–5



Yemen 2002 91–2, 2003 169, 172–7

see also civilian firearms; insurgent holdings; military stockpiles; national stockpiles; police

stockpiles; stockpile management; stockpile security; surplus weapons

Stoeger Silah Sanayi (Turkey) 2012 257

Stokes mortar 2008 26

storage



firearms theft 2004 65

Kyrgyzstan 2004 315


Pacific 2004 277

police firearms 2004 229–30

Republic of the Congo, militia holdings 2003 266–7

stockpile management 2002 259, 2004 43

thefts from 2008 48–51, 53–4

Yemen 2003 185–6

straw purchasing, illegal sales of weapons 2008 62–3, 284–6

stray bullets, cause of injury 2012 86

street gangs see gangs

stress, urbanization and crime 2007 164

Strike Hard campaigns (China) 2003 86

Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs), Rwanda 2001 207

Sturm, Ruger & Co (United States)


exports 2004 119



most popular handguns 2001 18


survey of producers 2001 26, 27, 2004 13–14

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 24

Sturmgewehr 57 rifles 2007 54

Sturmgewehr 90 rifles 2007 54

sub-licensing 2007 19

sub-machine guns

Burundi 2007 204

Colombia 2006 223, 225, 231

illicit

Mexico 2013 290, 292


military stockpiles 2006 54, 55, 57

most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 20

police firearms 2001 69–70, 2011 75–7

production 2004 27, 30–1, 2005 51

Brazil 2001 29

global 2001 13

licensed 2007 18


smuggling in Europe 2003 71



sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

average number of police officers 2006 42

conflict deaths 2004 175, 2005 253–5, 256, 259

control measures, Bamako Declaration (2000) (OAU) 2002 213–14

crime and violence 2004 192–9

illicit transfers, insurgent demand 2001 83


production 2001 40–2, 2002 11, 12, 2004 9, 10

distribution of producing companies 2002 12, 2003 12, 14

distribution of producing countries 2003 11

licensed 2002 43–8, 2007 23


unlicensed production 2007 23

stockpiles 2003 57, 80–6

civilian holdings, correlation to GDP 2007 57

military 2006 52, 53, 58

sub-state warfare 2001 78

transfers 2003 100, 117–19

subregional co-operation, Southern Africa 2003 245–6

substitution effect 2004 186–90, 2005 271, 272

Australia 2002 268

cost effectiveness of control measures 2006 198

suburbs, definition 2007 169

Sudan

ammunition

Chinese 2014 192, 200, 201

production 2014 190–1, 193–6, 198–9, 202–4

profiling 2014 183, 187–208

unmarked 2014 204–7


coercive disarmament 2009 167

community security mechanisms 2009 233, 238

conflict

armed violence in South Sudan 2007 317–44


civil war 2007 326, 2010 277–80, 2014 214–17






conflict deaths 2005 252, 253, 258

DDR and weapons destruction 2005 284, 289, 2009 185, 237



elections (2010) 2010 294



to the Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 274, 275, 276, 282–4, 286–7, 289

reporting errors 2006 66


arms embargo on 2007 74


imports 2014 218–19


irresponsible transfers to 2007 74, 106


value 2001 2004 109

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 74, 77

land conflict 2013 120, 121, 122, 123

machine gun attack (2007) 2008 12

MANPADS



mortar attack on Darfur (2007) 2008 27

non-state actors



non-state armed groups 2010 263, 2014 214–17

firearms 2010 122


oil fields 2010 295–6


prices



production





stockpiles 2003 81



military 2005 88

police 2005 89

support for non-state actors 2002 130

transfers to Central African Republic 2005 317


weapons production 2014 231–5

weapons tracing 2014 5–6, 213–39

Chinese weapons 2014 225–8, 237


Sudanese weapons 2014 231–5, 239

see also Darfur; Southern Sudan

Sudan Armed Forces (SAF)

ammunition 2014 183, 200, 206, 230, 235

areas of operations 2007 322


Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 331

DDR 2007 332

Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 321–4, 326, 337, 342–4

Southern Sudan 2010 278

weapons 2014 227, 228, 234, 237

Sudan Liberation Army (SLA), weapons 2014 226

Sudan Liberation Army–Abdul Wahid (SLA-AW)

ammunition 2014 235

weapons 2014 215, 234

Sudan Liberation Army–Minni Minawi (SLA-MM), weapons 2014 215

Sudan Liberation Movement-Unity (SLM-Unity), weapon-related commitments 2010 317

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) 2006 275, 282, 2010 291–2

ammunition 2014 192, 201, 203, 204, 205–6, 233

civil conflict role 2014 217


ethnic divisions 2010 278–80

firearms 2010 122



membership 2010 121

personal forces/’private armies’ 2010 292

relations with state 2010 117

weapons 2014 237, 238


Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N)

ammunition 2014 192, 200, 205–6, 230, 235

weapons 2014 215, 226, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234, 237

Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A)

areas of operations 2007 322


Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2007 318–20, 331–3

disarming civilians in Jonglei State 2007 333–6



Juba Declaration on Unity and Integration (2006) 2007 319

Khartoum-aligned militias 2007 321–2

local security arrangements 2007 336, 338

Other Armed Groups 2007 320, 324–6, 340–2

Ugandan support for 2007 299


Sudan Revolutionary Front, weapons capture 2014 237

Sudanese Liberation Army, covert transfers to 2007 92

Suez Canal

firearms on ships 2012 209

Yemen 2003 175

Suhler Jagd-und Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 30–1

suicide see firearm suicides

suicide bombers, women 2010 195

suicide bombings 2003 77–8, 2013 221–2, 229–30

Yemen 2003 170

suicide vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (SVBIEDs) 2013 221–2, 230

Al-Sunna Wal Jamma (Nigeria) 2006 249

Sunni Awakening Councils (Iraq) 2009 233, 236

Sunni Islamists

attacks on civilians 2013 231–2, 243

training camps 2013 242

supply

intrinsic costs 2007 267–9

prices, Kalashnikov assault rifles 2007 257, 262–9, 271

supply chains, weapons parts 2012 252–3

surface-to-air missiles see man-portable air defence systems

Suriname 2006 83





to Brazil 2007 306



surplus disposal, UN Programme of Action 2011 57–8

surplus weapons 2004 56–60

ammunition, UN General Assembly First committee 2007 126

Belarus 2008 79


Cambodia, flow to other countries 2002 99





disposal choices 2008 78–81




illicit transfers of

arms brokers 2001 97–8


international transfers 2009 9, 68–9

Kaliningrad 2008 79

military procurement 2006 7–8, 19, 25–6

military stockpiles 2006 39, 53, 59, 60


reserve exaggeration 2008 85–6

and security sector reform (SSR) 2008 104–5

Serbia 2008 80

sold to civilians in the United States 2003 61


Soviet Union, transfers to Georgia 2003 198–9

transfer 2008 79, 81


Yemen 2003 172–7

survey questionnaires, violence risk factors 2008 249

sustainable development 2003 127, 128

sustainable disarmament 2003 309–13

SVBIEDs see suicide vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices

Swarovski Optik 2005 58

Swaziland

air cargo companies 2001 114, 115


exports


value 2001 148



imports, customs data 2001 157

Sweden


border seizures 2005 114, 115, 116

brokering 2004 156, 158, 159, 160, 161

controls 2002 255, 256

control measures

brokering 2002 255, 256


demilitarization industry 2013 189, 199, 202, 203



enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 78–9





exports




Comtrade data 2012 274, 2013 179–80








national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 121, 2003 98

parts 2012 259–60


transparency 2004 117, 2005 110, 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 49, 2010 15, 2011 15,

16, 2012 292, 298, 299, 2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 106

value 2002 2005 105

value 2003 2006 72


imports


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 77


Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (NLAW) 2008 26

policing 2004 221


armed 2011 112

personnel 2011 106

regulation 2011 157

production


licensed 2002 45, 51, 2007 15, 18, 21


MANPADS 2004 81, 82, 2007 21





stockpiles

civilian holdings 2003 64, 70, 2005 80, 2007 47–8




MANPADS 2004 84

military 2001 73, 2006 44, 45, 51


transportation, customs regulations 2010 57

Swiss Ammunition Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 32–3, 2002 21, 39

Swiss Ordnance Enterprise (Switzerland) 2001 33, 2002 39

Switzerland


brokering 2004 153, 154, 156, 157, 160, 161

controls 2001 107, 2002 255, 256

civilian firearms


licences 2011 280



storage requirements 2011 291–2



control measures

brokering 2001 107, 2002 255, 256

civilian ownership 2002 264, 265, 266



tracing initiatives 2002 226, 2006 96, 97



diversion of arms to Iraq 2008 122


enforcement 2009 86

exceptions 2009 79




re-export provisions 2009 83–4


exports

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 15



Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80


human rights 2004 128, 129, 131, 132, 133




military firearms 2001 147, 2002 115, 116, 2009 35




pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 147, 2002 114


transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 88, 2009 8, 49, 2010 8, 13, 15, 2011

15, 16, 2012 283, 289, 292, 299, 301, 303, 304, 2013 181, 182, 2014 129

trends 2000 2003 108, 111

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135

value 2001 2004 106

value 2003 2006 73



1998 2001 240




imports




list of exporters 2005 102, 103, 104, 2006 68, 70, 71, 73




trends 2000 2003 111

value 1994–1998 2001 157

value 2001 2004 101, 111

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 77



policing, crowd control 2011 92


armed 2011 112


personnel 2011 106

production


licensed 2002 51, 2007 15


MANPADS 2004 81, 82




RPG-7 2004 36

survey of producers 2001 32–3, 53, 2002 38–9, 57


stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 203, 239, 2002 79, 2003 65, 2007 47–8, 53, 54–5



military 2002 78, 2004 46, 2006 43, 44, 51, 53



transportation, licensing 2010 53


Zug massacre 2002 266

Swords for Ploughshares (Mozambique) 2002 294

Sydney (Australia), thefts of M-72 LAW rocket launchers 2008 49, 51

symbolism

trigger effect 2001 205


Syngenta, Brazil 2011 150

Syria

ammunition


profiling 2014 183–5, 187–208

Sudanese 2014 203

conflict, and Lebanon weapon prices 2013 271–2, 274


to Iraq 2012 328

to Lebanon 2007 91–2, 2009 322

to Somalia 2007 94

imports, MANPADS 2004 93

non-state actors, illicit transfers to Palestinian groups 2002 131

Palestinian groups, reserve stockpiles 2001 80


production

ammunition 2002 19



stockpiles 2004 48


police 2005 89

support for non-state actors 2001 80, 2002 130, 131

unauthorized retransfers to 2014 119, 126

women

conflict roles 2014 39

firearm use 2014 73

System for Central American Integration (SICA) 2001 257

System of Security Information Exchange (SISME) (MERCOSUR) 2001 258

Taban Deng Gai 2010 292

Tabuk rifles 2002 18

Iraq 2012 320, 321

tactical rifles 2005 51

tactical weapon systems 2005 49, 50, 51

tailored production 2003 9

Taiwan

exports




transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 19, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

imports



from United States 2001 154, 2002 86

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 106


production


licensed 2002 45






military 2006 57


Tajikistan


arms sourcing to conflict 2005 160, 169–71, 172


disarmament, peace agreements 2003 283





Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 310, 320, 322–4



Taka 107 mm rockets, Sudanese 2014 234

Taliban



drug trafficking 2012 42, 43


firearms 2010 122, 123


history of 2009 285, 287–9

imports, human rights 2003 112, 2004 128, 132

improvised explosive devices (IEDs) 2013 227

Kyrgyzstan 2004 310

MANPADS 2004 92

membership 2010 121

reconciliation 2009 308–9

state sponsorship 2010 117

stockpiles 2002 102, 2003 73–6


violence by 2008 232


weapons holdings 2012 333, 334–6

Tamil Tigers see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Tamils 2004 37, 59, 89

Tang-Ginya, Gabriel 2007 319, 324, 2010 289–90

Tanzania

Burundian refugees 2007 200



exports, irresponsible transfers to Uganda 2007 106





policing 2007 184

prices

AK-47s 2003 86




public perception 2011 106

production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57, 2005 14

ammunition 2006 258

licensed 2007 19



Tanzin groups (Palestinian Territories) 2002 131

Taos Industries (United States) 2007 82, 84–5

target practice, civilian firearms 2011 285

target rifles 2005 51

target shooting, national control of civilian ownership 2002 264

TASERs 2011 85, 89–92

Tasko Corporation (Ukraine) 2003 49

Tasmania (Australia)

civilian firearms

licences 2011 282



tattoos, gang members 2010 69, 241

Taurus (Brazil)


weapons seized in Brazil 2001 23


weapons used in Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

weapons used in crime in the US 2001 23

Taurus pistols, gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59, 61, 65

Tavor assault rifle 2001 39, 2002 35, 2003 112

tax havens


brokers 2001 101, 104–5, 126


taxation, effects of small arms misuse 2003 144

Taylor, Charles 2006 256, 2009 108




illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 120–3, 171

LURD 2005 182–3

NPFL 2005 193

UN sanctions on Liberia 2004 269


TCI see Transfer Controls Initiative

teargas launchers 2005 53

Technicni Zavod (Slovenia) 2003 46



handguns 2011 77–8


licensed and unlicensed military production 2007 7–32

police weapons 2011 4–5, 69–94

production developments 2003 9–10


weapon accessories 2012 262–3

Technopol (Slovakia) 2003 43

telescopic sights 2012 266

Temex 2003 119, 2004 144, 2009 108

Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) database 2010 12

Tentara Nasional Acheh (TNA) 2006 253

terminal ballistics 2005 23

terrorism

Algeria 2007 77

Container Security Initiative 2003 107

definitions of small arms 2003 59–60


human development and security 2003 150–1

illicit transfers to terrorists

from North Africa 1999 2001 170–1

from Saudi Arabia 2004 102


MANPADS 2004 77, 78, 89, 90, 92–3

Moldovan exports 2003 109–10


policing 2004 220

RPG-7 2004 36–7

Somalia 2007 92–4

stockpiles 2003 57

Europe 2003 72

insurgent stockpiles 2002 81

transfers to non-state actors 2007 132–3, 135



Yemen 2003 170–1

see also September 11, 2001; War on Terror

terrorist groups, definition 2010 88

terrorist violence, Kazakhstan 2012 115–16

Texas Syndicate gang 2010 161

Texas (United States)

civilian firearms






TFG see Transitional Federal Government

Thai Interarms 2001 44

Thailand


black market, 2002 update 2002 109

community defence forces 2010 267

exports





transparency 2002 117, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 15, 17, 2012 293, 2013 183,

2014 130

value 2001 148


to the LTTE in Sri Lanka 2001 182–3

to Myanmar insurgents 2004 131


transit countries 2002 142–3


MANPADS 2004 89, 93

imports







parts 2012 261



from the United States 2001 153, 154, 2004 120, 121

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 74, 78


policing 2004 232


production


illicit 2001 46

licensed 2002 51, 2007 15



RPG-7 2004 36


stockpiles



security 2004 55

thefts from state arsenals, 2001 2002 137



Thales 2005 59, 61

Thalmann, Ambassador Anton 2006 98–9

theft

by military personnel 2008 48–9, 51

of civilian weapons 2008 62–3, 187–8

diversions to illicit trade 2002 129

of firearms 2004 43, 54–6, 60–5, 66, 185


from police stockpiles, Georgia 2003 196

from state stockpiles 2002 137–8, 2006 38–9, 65, 2008 48–51

Albania 2001 176–7, 200–1


Colombia 2006 222

Kazakhstan 2001 179



Russian Federation 2001 178


US Army 2002 260–1

from UN troops, RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3

using firearms, Cambodia 2006 127–30

see also crime

thermal sights 2012 266–7, 272–3

thermobaric warheads 2004 36

third-country brokering 2001 104, 124–5

third-party brokering 2004 144, 148, 155–6, 162, 163–4

Thomet, licensed production 2002 51

Thompson submachine gun, gang use, Nicaragua 2013 65

Thomson-CSF (France), acquisitions 1999 2002 12

Tigers (Serbia), firearms 2010 122

Tillessen, Peter 2005 156

timber

Cambodia 2006 121–2, 133


Liberia, conflict goods 2002 141

Madagascar 2011 185

time bombs 2013 220, 227–8

time to crime

illicit weapons, Mexico 2013 294


Timor-Leste see East Timor

tipping points, norms 2003 222

TNA see Tentara Nasional Acheh

TNT, recovery, recycling, and reuse 2013 209, 210

Todosa 2007 337

Togo



illicit transfers from, to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132, 134, 2005 192

imports 2004 114



stockpiles, military 2002 81, 82, 2003 83, 2005 77, 2006 44, 51, 53

Tokarev pistols 2004 28, 34

Burundi 2007 204

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 59–60, 63, 64

Tokyo (Japan)



Tokyrau (Kazakhstan), ammunition depot explosion 2012 135, 136–8

Tonga


imports


value 2000 2004 281

stockpiles 2003 89


state 2004 284


Tonton Macoute (Haiti) 2011 231

Tools for Arms Project (TAE) (Mozambique) 2002 243, 294

Toposa 2007 337–8

Toronto (Canada), homicide rate 2007 165

Torres Strait 2004 286

Torsson, Palle 2005 146

tourism

Brazil 2007 242


Fiji 2004 290–2

TOW missiles see tube-launched, optically-tracked wire-guided weapon system

Townsville Peace Agreement (TPA) (Solomon Islands) 2003 302–3

toys, violence-reduction programmes, Argentina 2002 309

TOZ see Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod

TPA see Townsville Peace Agreement

tracing 2004 256

ammunition 2005 25–9, 31, 2009 117



markings 2007 291–2

conflict tracing 2009 109–22

control measures 2002 243–8, 271–2

cooperation 2009 109, 121–2, 2014 222, 223

crime gun tracing 2009 121


diverted weapons 2009 108

inventory management 2002 261

lot-marking 2007 303

mapping 2014 221

marking of weapons 2009 109


norms 2003 231



record-keeping 2009 109, 120–1, 130

Sudan and South Sudan 2014 5–6, 213–39

Chinese weapons 2014 225–8


Sudanese weapons 2014 231–5

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 240–1

UN Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts (MGE) 2012 229–31

UN Programme of Action 2002 226, 229, 2011 56–7

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 246–7

uses of 2009 107

verification 2014 221–3

weapons identification 2009 110–20, 130, 2014 219–20, 221

weapons tracing 2009 120–2

working methods 2014 224

see also International Tracing Instrument; marking

trade

conflict trade 2002 139–41, 175

effects of small arms misuse on 2003 142–3

global trends 2000–2006 2009 11–25

global trends 2001–2011 2014 113–17


prices of Kalashnikov rifles 2007 257–72

trade unions, urban armed violence 2007 178

trade in weapons see illicit transfers; transfers

traditional law



Yemen 2003 169–70, 181–5

traditional power structures, young men and small arms 2006 305

trafficking


arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 159–73

by air, control measures 2010 44–9


Colombia 2005 163


Iraq 2012 328

mafia firearms 2013 93–4

prosecution of 2008 134–6

Somalia 2012 344–7



war on terror 2003 61–2

see also drug trafficking; smuggling

training

international transfers 2009 9

MANPADS 2004 85, 89, 94


private security companies 2011 123–4, 146


Trans Air Cargo 2001 118–19

Transcaucasian Military District 2003 193

Transdniester

ammunition, stockpiles 2008 91, 93


Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) (2003) 2007 129–30

transfers 2001 141–59, 2002 109–46, 2003 97–120, 2004 99–139

2005 update 2005 97–117

2006 analysis 2009 32–47

2006 data comparisons 2009 28–30

2006 update 2006 65–88

actors 2010 42–4

Africa 2003 117–19


authorized vs unauthorized 2002 111

background information 2012 286–9

Canada 2003 107–8


Central Asia 2003 111–12

chain of 2008 122–4, 157

chain of possibilities 2002 110

Chinese weapons, to Sudan and South Sudan 2014 225–8

classification of 2001 142, 2002 111

Colombia 2006 216

Comtrade data 2000-2006 2009 11–25

Comtrade data 2008 2011 11


Comtrade data 2010 2013 4, 179–80

to conflict zones 2005 159–73




costs and difficulty of implementation 2008 145

flowchart 2008 144

global 2007 117–38

Great Lakes and Horn of Africa regions 2001 263–5

in-transit and point-of-delivery controls 2008 131–3



international law 2007 130–7


licensed production 2007 26–31

MERCOSUR 2001 258


national systems 2008 162–3

post-delivery controls 2008 133–6, 155–6, 173–4

pre-shipment controls 2008 127–31, 163

priorities 2008 173–4

prospects for 2008 142–5



UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2001 282, 2002 203

see also end-user certification; export controls

covert 2007 90–4

definitions 2002 111, 2009 64, 2014 83

disturbing transfers 2001 155–6

diversion 2008 113–14, 145–6


European Union 2001 269–71, 2003 103–5

global norms 2003 224–5, 233

global trade 2004 100–14

human rights 2002 180, 2004 125–33

illicit brokering 2004 141–66

India 2001 156–7

intentional vs unintentional 2002 111


types of 2009 9



Iraq 2004 44

irresponsible 2007 73–107


Latin America and the Caribbean 2003 114–17, 2004 18, 50

legal transfer process 2010 43, 44

legal vs illicit 2002 111

legality spectrum 2001 167

licensing 2008 157, 158–9, 162, 173–4


links between legal and illicit transfers 2002 128–39, 206

MANPADS 2004 77, 83, 87–9, 92–4, 2005 127–8, 130–7

marking 2002 244–8

Mexico 2003 108, 2004 52

military firearms

2002 update 2002 115–17

transferred to civilian ownership 2007 60–1

monitoring 2004 5, 249–71

national export reporting 2002 117–23


non-EU European countries 2003 108–11

to non-state actors

international law 2007 132–5



non-transfer clauses 2002 250

Pacific 2004 280–5, 303

parts and accessories 2012 241–77

to peacekeeping forces 2009 37–9

prices 2002 65

reporting of 2009 26–8, 52–3

Republic of the Congo 2003 261–2, 263, 270–2

satellite tracking 2008 132

scope 2001 144–58

second-hand equipment, prices 2002 65–7

share of global arms trade 2001 144–5


state-to-state 2002 239–40, 2008 166


supply-side controls and human rights 2001 223

surplus military stocks 2006 7–8, 19, 25–6


transparency 2004 114–18, 2006 78–81, 2007 86–97, 2008 136–7, 2011 12–19, 2012 276

UN Firearms Protocol 2002 238–9, 238–41

undocumented 2009 7–8, 31, 43


United States 2003 105–8, 2004 11

unofficial information 2001 158



Yemen 2003 172–7

see also Arms Trade Treaty; authorized transfers; export controls; exports; illicit transfers;

imports; unauthorized retransfers

transhipment, Arms Trade Treaty 2014 90

transhipment points, Netherlands 2001 151

transit


definition 2009 64

transit countries

black market 2002 141–5


transit licenses




transit trade

Cyprus 2004 108, 2005 106

Europe 2003 104–5

transitional autonomy, post-conflict security 2009 233, 236

Transitional Federal Government (TFG) (Somalia) 2007 92–3, 2012 337, 339, 345–7

ammunition supplies 2014 200


Transitional National Government (TNG) (Somalia), guided light weapons holdings 2008 33

transitional security forces, post-conflict security 2009 233, 236

transnational criminals 2001 221

transparency

ammunition


transfers 2010 8, 10–13

and Arms Trade Treaty 2014 109, 131–9

brokers 2001 97, 98, 101, 106–7, 126, 127, 2002 253

China 2002 94–5

Colombia 2006 219

EU Code of Conduct 2001 270–1

export controls 2008 136–7

exports 2013 4, 181–4

goals 2001 2–3

grey market 2001 101, 166



light weapons transfers 2011 12–14, 35

marking 2002 240–1, 244

monitoring 2004 252, 253–4

NATO/EAPC 2001 274

OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2001 275–6

production, ammunition 2005 13


stockpiles 2001 59, 60–5, 2003 90, 2005 72, 79, 84–6, 91–2

military 2001 72–3, 2002 244, 2006 37, 45, 58–60

police 2001 68, 2006 39

transfers 2002 112, 2004 114–18, 2012 276

national reporting 1994–1998 2001 148, 159

national reporting 1999 2002 117–23

national reporting 2000 2003 98

national reporting 2001 2004 114–18

national reporting 2002 2005 97, 98, 99–100, 109–13

national reporting 2003 2006 65, 66, 67, 68, 74, 78–82

scope of legal transfers 2001 142

value 2002 2005 101

trends 2001—2010 2012 2, 294–308



United States 2001 152–4, 2004 12

see also Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer

transport

of ammunition 2005 26

by sea 2002 144


costs 2007 263, 264, 269

illicit brokering 2004 144–7

of light weapons 2008 9–10

weapons collection programmes, safety 2002 312

transport agents 2001 99, 110–23


Angola and UNITA 2001 116–19

by sea 2002 144

chain of accountability 2001 106

definition 2001 98, 2010 43–4

distinction from brokers 2001 129

illicit arms brokering 2001 96

illicit transfers to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 172


tax havens 2001 104


transport controls, demilitarization industry 2013 200–1

transportation

civil aviation regulations 2010 59–62


criminalization 2010 54

customs laws



licensing systems 2010 50–3

methods 2010 44


regulations



safety and security measures 2010 53–4, 61–2

treaties, norms 2003 216–17

Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (1993) 2001 73, 2004 58

trends

African stockpiles 2003 85–6

global trade 2000–2006 2009 11–25

intra-state conflicts 2001 78


production 2001 11–12, 2003 13–15, 16




violence in Papua New Guinea 2006 168–9

trials and sampling, international transfers 2009 9

tribal confederations, Yemen 2003 181–3

tribal conflict



Papua New Guinea 2006 166, 168, 172–4


Southern Sudan 2010 285–8

Yemen 2003 181–4, 183–5

tribes


Pakistan, weapons collection 2002 296–7


Yemen 2003 169–70, 177, 178–87

trigger effect, accessibility thesis 2001 204–5

Trinidad and Tobago




gang violence 2010 129, 141




Trinitarian Warfare doctrine, military stockpiles 2006 45, 46–7, 53

Triple Canopy 2011 125

truncheons 2004 107–8

truth commissions, disarmament 2003 311

TRZ Kragujevac (Serbia) 2013 189, 192–3, 199

Tsiranana, Philibert 2011 170, 171–2, 173

Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) 2003 193–4

tsunami (2004), Aceh 2009 253, 271–5

Tuareg

Mali

stockpiles 2003 82


tube-launched, optically-tracked wire-guided weapon system (TOW) missiles 2011 30, 31, 32

recycling 2013 210

Tula Arms Plant, exports, data on 2002 123

Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod (TOZ) (Russian Federation) 2004 14, 15, 122, 2005 57




Tunisia

imports 2006 70

production 2002 19


civilian holdings, national registration data 2007 50

Turkana 2007 337

Turkey

child victimization 2008 247

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280



demilitarization industry 2013 189, 190


export controls




exports


Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274

human rights 2004 130, 131, 132






parts 2012 255




transparency 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 81, 2007 89, 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012

293, 2013 183, 2014 130

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135

value 2001 2004 106

value 2002 2005 105

value 2003 2006 73



to Chechnya 2004 132

to the Kurds 2001 176

to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133

imports

1994–1998 2001 156, 157


list of exporters 2005 103, 104, 105, 2006 70



parts 2012 260




from the United States 2000 2001 154, 2003 106

value 2001 2004 101, 111

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 78

insurgents and other non-state combatants 2001 79







armed 2011 112, 115, 116, 117

personnel 2011 106


production



licensed 2002 50–1, 51, 2007 11, 12, 15, 21, 27


MANPADS 2004 81



survey of producers 2001 39–40, 53, 2002 16, 17, 19–20, 57

stockpiles 2003 79





military 2005 86, 88, 2006 57

police 2005 89

Turkmenistan 2004 311

exports, to Kazakhstan 2012 121


Turks and Caicos, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

turn-in campaigns, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181

turn-key projects 2007 10

Tutsis, Burundi 2007 199–203, 207, 221

Tuur, Abdirahman Ahmed Ali 2012 148–9, 157

Tuvalu



stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284

Type 56 assault rifles 2001 63, 2006 283

Burundi, disarmament 2007 204

identifying marks 2009 111–12

Iraq 2012 321



Type 63 automatic rifle 2006 55

Type 65 assault rifle 2001 63

Type 68 assault rifle 2001 63

Type 68 pistol, serial numbers 2009 116

Type 69 rocket launcher, serial numbers 2009 116

Type 80 machine gun, South Sudan 2014 226

Type 81/RPK light machine guns 2006 283

Type CQ assault rifle, licensed production 2007 19

UAE see United Arab Emirates

UAZ-3151 vehicle, for light weapons transport 2008 9–10

UCDP see Uppsala Conflict Data Program

UCPMB see Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedija, and Bujanovac

UEMS see Unplanned Explosions at Munitions Sites

Uganda

ammunition 2005 20

diversion 2008 51

diversions of 2007 289–301


cattle rustling, weapons collection 2002 291


children


health 2009 206

‘night commuters’ 2009 202

post-conflict reintegration 2009 210–11

civilian firearms

licences 2011 281, 282






civilian firearms ownership 2007 172

community defence forces 2010 267

conflict


child soldiers 2001 230, 2003 146

internally displaced persons 2001 224, 225




costs of gun violence 2003 134–5


DDR and weapons reduction 2003 279, 2005 290, 2009 185



diversion, of sub-machine guns to Liberia 2008 115, 116, 117, 121


exports, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108, 2004 130



group goals 2005 196




to Liberia 2002 132

to Rwanda 2002 132

to Somalia 2007 94

to Sudan 2007 325

to Sudanese rebels 2001 174, 2004 133

to UNITA in Angola 2002 132

imports


from Romania 2003 110

value 2001 2004 109

injury data 2012 87

Labora farm experiment 2009 233, 236

land conflict 2013 104, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123

Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89, 2009 197, 211


non-state actors

ammunition diversions to 2007 289–301

capture of weapons 2008 54


post-conflict crime 2005 274

prices




production 2001 16, 53, 2002 57

ammunition 2007 293–5, 296–7

stockpiles 2003 83–6, 2004 56

military 2006 38

women and small arms control policies 2014 50, 53

Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) 2006 274–5

Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF) 2005 198, 2006 282

Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II) 2006 282

Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) 2007 290, 291, 294, 295, 296, 298

Ugandan People’s Defence Army (UPDA) 2006 275

Ugandan People’s Defence Force (UPDF) 2006 275, 277, 278–82, 284–5, 286–9

ammunition profile 2007 290, 291, 294–6, 298

community defence group 2010 267


Lord’s Resistance Army 2007 326, 2010 288–9

violence in South Sudan 2007 325

Uighur 2004 310

UK see United Kingdom

Ukraine

ammunition

diversion from Côte d’Ivoire to Liberia 2008 121, 123, 129, 134

production 2014 190–1, 194, 196, 199, 204

stockpiles 2008 90, 91, 93


brokering 2004 155, 156, 157, 158, 160–1

collection and destruction programmes 2003 61

demilitarization 2013 193, 199


MANPADS 2008 101

surplus weapons 2008 95, 96, 97


exports 2002 123, 2003 48, 108

to Africa 2001 170

ammunition, to Uganda 2007 293, 294–6, 295







tracing 2014 223

transparency 2009 50, 2010 16, 2011 17, 2012 293, 2013 183, 2014 130

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


value 2001 148


to Eritrea 2002 136

to Liberia 2005 168


to Nagorno-Karabakh 2002 133

to the RUF in Sierra Leone 2001 171, 172, 173, 2004 132

to UNITA in Angola 2001 173, 2002 132

imports, sporting shotguns 2009 19

MANPADS 2004 92–3

military stockpile, diversion 2008 56–7



production






stockpiles 2005 74




military 2006 44, 47, 50, 57


transfers, reporting of 2009 26, 31

unauthorized retransfers 2014 117, 119, 127


ULFA see United Liberation Front of Assam

ULP Mjekes (Albania) 2013 189, 192

Ulster Defence Association (UDA), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260

Ulster Unionists, disarmament 2003 284–6, 2006 260

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), decommissioning 2003 285, 2006 260

Umarex Sportwaffen (Germany) 2002 12, 21, 34

UN see United Nations

UN Register see United Nations Register of Conventional Arms

UN-LiREC see United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in

Latin America and the Caribbean

UNAFRI see United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of

Offenders

UNAMA see United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

UNAMIR see United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda

UNAMSIL see United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone

unauthorized retransfers

and Arms Trade Treaty 2014 5, 117


definition 2014 117

Libya 2014 119

MANPADS 2014 119, 121, 122

post-delivery controls 2014 124–6

pre-shipment controls 2014 122–4

responding after the fact 2014 126–7

UNCASA see United Nations Coordinating Action on Small Arms

UNCJIN see United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice

UNDDA see United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs

under-barrel grenade launchers 2008 24

UNDP see United Nations Development Programme

unemployment

Brazil, firearm homicides 2007 235



Latin America, and firearm homicides 2003 138




West African armed groups 2006 248, 252, 259, 265

Yemen 2003 172

young men and small arms 2006 298–300, 303–4, 305

see also employment

unexploded ordnance (UXO), Mpila (Republic of the Congo) 2014 145, 162–3

UNGA see United Nations General Assembly

unguided light weapons, definition 2008 20

unguided rocket launchers 2008 25–6

UNHRC see United Nations Human Rights Council

União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA) 2014 153–4

conflict goods 2002 140, 141, 142

DDR and weapons reduction 2003 279, 297, 301, 2005 286


illicit transfers from, to the Republic of the Congo 2003 260, 262


arms embargoes 2002 131–3, 2004 265, 269

arms supply networks 2001 116–19




resource extraction 2005 191–2

stockpiles 2003 81


UNICEF see United Nations Children’s Fund

UNICRI see United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute

unidades de polícia pacificadora (‘pacification’ police units) (UPPs) (Brazil) 2012 66–9, 71

UNIDIR see United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research

UNIFEM see United Nations Development Fund for Women

Unified Database of the Ministry of Health (Datasus) (Brazil) 2007 229

UNIFIL see United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

unilateral declarations, humanitarian norms 2010 311

unintentional deaths 2004 174–80, 202, 295

unintentional transfers, definition 2002 111

Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD) (Chad), guided light weapons

holdings 2008 32

Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale (UPADS) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8,

264–5, 267–8

holdings 2003 260–1

Union pour le renouveau démocratique (URD) (Republic of the Congo) 2003 256–8, 264–5,

268–9

holdings 2003 260–1

UNITA see União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola

Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle (USP) (Central African Republic) 2005 307

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

exports



transparency 2010 13, 16, 2011 17, 2012 283, 289, 293, 2013 181, 183, 2014 130



to Sudan 2001 174

imports



from United States 2001 154

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 108

value 2003 2006 73, 78


production




unauthorized retransfers from 2014 126

United Front for the Liberation of Liberia 2003 82

United Kingdom (UK)

ammunition 2005 21



Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148

arms trafficking and tax havens 2001 104–5

brokering, controls 2002 255, 257

civilian firearms

licences 2011 280, 282


regulation 2011 267



use regulation 2011 284–5, 286


civilian weapons, theft of 2008 63, 64, 65–6

collection and destruction programme 2002 73, 74, 281, 283, 302, 2003 280, 2005 75–6

control measures


brokering 2002 255, 257

civilian ownership 2002 270–1, 2004 67, 188–9, 192

international transfer controls 2007 122, 129–30


MANPADS 2005 130–6

Transfer Controls Initiative (TCI) 2007 129–30

West African Moratorium 2001 260–1



disarmament 2009 171–4, 179


Export Control Act (2002) 2008 169


enforcement 2009 86



Open General Export Licences (OGELs) 2009 79–80



exports

to Africa 2003 118




classification of 2004 107, 108



Comtrade data 2009 12, 2012 274




human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132

to Indonesia 2004 99






national reporting 2001 151, 2002 120, 121, 122, 2003 98


parts 2012 259–60





transparency 2004 117, 2005 110, 111, 112, 113, 2006 81, 2007 74, 87, 88, 2009 8,

49, 2010 8, 13, 15, 2011 15, 16, 2012 283, 289, 292, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302,

2013 182, 2014 129

UN Register 2012 288, 2014 135


value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 106

value 2002 2005 97, 105

value 2003 2006 73


1998 2001 201, 209, 240



Firearms Amendment Act (1997) 2008 65, 2009 171, 173–4


gun crime 2009 173–4


to Iraq 2002 133

to Liberia 2002 132

to Rwanda 2002 132

to Sierra Leone 2001 22–3, 110, 121, 2002 132, 133

illicit transfers to, border seizures 2005 115, 116

imports

ammunition 2009 16

ATGWs 2011 32

Comtrade data 2009 12, 2013 180


list of exporters 2005 103, 2006 68–72

MANPADS 2004 87


parts 2012 256, 260–1







value 1994–1998 2001 156, 157

value 2000 2003 103

value 2001 2004 111

value 2002 2005 109

value 2003 2006 67, 78




police weapons, TASERs 2011 92

policing 2004 221–3, 226, 228, 231, 234–5, 239


Private Security Companies 2001 110, 220

personnel 2011 106

regulation 2011 152

production



illicit 2001 45

licensed 2002 45, 2007 15, 18, 28


MANPADS 2004 82

manufacturing sectors 2005 47–8, 49, 52, 59, 61

mortars 2004 33


most popular small arms 2001 18–19, 20


stockpiles

civilian holdings 2001 239, 2003 64, 2005 80, 2007 50

changing patterns of 2007 63–4



MANPADS 2004 84

military 2002 259, 2006 38, 56


police 2006 43



thefts from state arsenals 2002 137, 259


transportation

licensing 2010 51

safety and security measures 2010 54

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 124


Yemen 2003 173–4

see also England and Wales; Northern Ireland; Scotland

United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) 2001 181

United Liberation Movement for Democracy in Liberia (ULIMO) 2005 182

United Nations (UN)

2005 World Summit Outcome 2007 119


armed groups, child soldiers 2006 266

Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (1990)

2003 224, 2004 214–17, 219–27, 229–31, 234, 237–8, 2006 131, 2010 319, 2011 70,

89, 93, 143, 154

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS) 2012 220–1, 2013 162

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), First (2003) 2004 2, 2007 125, 126

brokering 2004 147–8, 152


monitoring 2004 249, 250–1, 260

reporting 2004 254

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), Third (2008) 2009 135, 136–43, 152, 2011 44, 46–7

civil society experts 2009 140

facilitators 2009 137

implementation agenda 2009 142–3

outcome 2009 140–2

preparations for 2009 137–9

Biennial Meetings of States (BMS), Fourth (2010) 2011 43, 44–8, 51–2

Bosnia 2005 234

Brahimi Report 2005 285, 287

brokering 2004 148

definition 2002 253

illicit 2001 95

international control of 2001 127, 128

Small Arms Conference 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 147

Burundi 2007 199, 204, 210–11

Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (1979) 2003 223, 2004 214, 215, 216–17,

227, 232, 233, 236, 2006 131, 2011 70, 71, 154

Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), Women and Armed Conflict Caucus 2014

36, 46

Commodity Trade Statistics Database (Comtrade) 2001 144–7, 156, 2002 113–15, 2003

98–120, 2004 109–14, 2005 98–109, 2006 66–73, 2009 10–25

2008 analysis 2011 11

2009 analysis 2012 273–5

2010 analysis 2013 4, 179–80

2011 analysis 2014 109, 110–17

ammunition, transfers 2006 67, 2010 10, 22–7, 34–5

and Arms Trade Treaty 2014 136–7

comparison with other data sources 2009 28–30, 52

customs codes 2009 10, 26, 30

discrepancies with government data 2001 150–1, 156

ECOWAS moratorium 2004 113–14

global trends 2000–2006 2009 7, 11–25, 52

global trends 2001–2011 2014 113–17

human error 2006 66

international trends 2003 98–104


Kazakhstan imports 2012 119, 120–2

methodology for estimating transfers 2001 144

Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 117, 2005 112, 2006 80, 2007 87,

94–7, 2008 114, 137–42, 2009 8, 47–52, 2012 285–6, 2013 4, 181–4, 2014

128–31

Sudan arms imports 2014 218, 219


weapon parts 2012 247, 249–50, 251, 254–5, 258–9

weapon sights 2012 250

Yemen 2003 176–7

Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in all its Aspects (2001)

analysis of 2002 3–5, 6, 203–31

armed non-state actors 2001 78

assessment 2002 229–30

brokering 2001 128, 2002 57–8, 2004 141, 147

chronology of events 2002 204

conference itself 2002 218–20

definitions 2002 64

follow-up 2002 227–9

General Assembly resolution 2002 206–7


illicit trade, definition 2002 128

issues for 2001 282

monitoring of implementation 2004 250–63

NGOs 2002 217–18, 242

norms 2003 223

preparation for 2001 276–8, 280–1, 282–3, 2002 205–9

process 2004 249

norms 2003 223, 226–36


tracing initiatives 2006 96


weapons collection programmes 2002 281, 303, 316

see also United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States; United Nations, Programme of

Action

Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (1980) 2002 179

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)

2014 35, 45–6, 58

Convention on the Law of the Sea 2012 212, 2014 91

Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2001 127–8, 2002 237, 2003 223, 2013 285

Darfur 2007 320

DDR and weapons reduction 2005 267–8

coercive disarmament as part of peacekeeping operations 2003 298–9

disarmament in Mozambique 2001 64

future of 2005 287–9

history of DDR 2005 277–9

history of weapons reduction 2005 280

peacekeeping 2005 267–8


deaths of personnel 2002 187, 196

deaths of staff 2001 226

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women 2004 227, 235

definitions of small arms and light weapons 2001 8, 251, 2003 59

development programmes

and disarmament 2003 151–4

risks to staff 2003 149

embargoes

Africa 2003 118–19

Angola 2001 116, 117, 2002 249

Croatia 2001 102

effective 2001 2002 132

Ethiopia and Eritrea 2001 175

extra-territorial jurisdiction 2002 256

former Yugoslavia 2001 107


humanitarian law 2002 183, 2004 133




Liberia 2003 118–19

monitoring 2004 5, 249–50, 263–71

norms 2003 224–5

Sierra Leone 2001 110, 120, 172

Somalia 2007 92–3, 94, 2012 337

Sudan 2007 92, 317, 320, 2014 218–19

violations 2002 131–5, 136, 2003 118–19, 2004 128–33

West African armed groups 2006 256, 258, 266

exports see United Nations (UN), Commodity Trade Statistics Database

Feasibility Study, brokering 2002 246, 256–7

Firearm Regulation Study (1998) 2004 61

Firearms Protocol 2001 278–80, 2002 236, 237–41, 2005 126, 2007 73, 127, 2008 161,

163, 2009 62, 63, 2013 35

ammunition 2005 24–5, 28, 2014 82

brokering 2014 91

brokers 2001 127–8


definition of ‘illicit trafficking’ 2007 73


MANPADS 2005 136

norms 2003 216–17, 223, 225, 238, 247

ratifications 2004 252

scope 2005 125


tracing and marking 2002 246, 247, 2006 96, 99, 103–4, 106–7, 114

transit controls 2014 90

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 210, 216

Group of Experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives 2005 9, 13, 28, 31, 2010 8

Group of Governmental Experts on ammunition 2009 135, 143–7, 152

Group of Governmental Experts on brokering 2007 126, 2010 45–6

Group of Governmental Experts on conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus 2007

126

Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1999)


brokers 2001 128


producers 2001 9

UN Small Arms Conference (2001) 2002 205–6

Group of Governmental Experts to examine the feasibility, scope and draft parameters of an

arms trade treaty 2009 148, 149–52

Group of Governmental Experts on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (2003)

2005 28, 2006 96–7, 102–5, 107

Haiti 2005 164

Human Development Index

Brazil 2007 245


Yemen 2003 171–2

Human Rights Committee 2004 216–17


human rights violations

Cambodia 2006 130

stigmatization of suppliers to 2002 184

humanitarian aid

co-operation with peacekeeping forces 2002 189–90


Somalia, attacks on 2002 192

Sudan 2001 174–5



humanitarianism, supply-side 2002 182

illicit transfers, definitions 2001 165, 167

Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS)

child protection 2009 208

reintegration programmes 2009 255–6, 278

weapons registration 2009 126


Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group on Small Arms (RGSA) 2002 158

International Crime Victim Surveys 2004 179

International Study on Firearm Regulation (1995–1997) 2001 84–6

International Study on Firearm Regulation (1999) 2001 9, 146

Kosovo 2005 217, 220–1

Latin America and the Caribbean 2004 50

law enforcement 2003 224, 2004 214–17, 219–27, 229–31, 234, 237–8, 2006 131

Mali, weapons collection 2002 288

MANPADS 2005 128–9

marking





Millennium Summit 2003 150


Monitoring Group on Somalia 2007 92–4

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 185

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 2014 159–60

Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts (MGE) 2011 43, 48, 52, 61, 2012 3, 5,

219–37, 2013 162

findings 2012 236–7

history 2012 220–3

implementation of International Tracing Instrument 2012 5, 223

international assistance and capacity-building 2012 234–6

marking of firearms 2012 223–7



tracing 2012 229–31

Open-Ended Working Group on Tracing Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (OEWG)

2006 95, 96–103

Panel of Experts on Liberia 2009 108

Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA (Fowler

Report) 2001 117–19, 173

Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms (1997) 2001 276–7

ammunition 2009 144

definition of light weapons 2008 8–11, 30, 2009 8–9

definition of small arms 2001 8, 2004 8, 2005 40–1, 2009 8–9



International Tracing Instrument 2006 96, 102, 103–4





parts and accessories 2012 250, 251

Peace Operations Panel 2003 296

peacekeeping missions 2003 294

Chapter VI mandate 2003 299

co-operation with humanitarian operations 2002 189–90

death of personnel 2002 187–8


disarmament 2003 277, 278, 291–2

in former Yugoslavia 2001 200


theft from in Sierra Leone 2001 172–3

Uruguayan soldiers smuggling guns 2001 187

Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and

Summary Executions 2004 225, 230

Principles on the Prevention of Human Rights Violations Committed with Small Arms

(2006) 2007 127, 2010 323

Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and

Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA) 2002 203, 236, 2009 62, 63

2012 Declaration 2013 169

ammunition 2005 25, 28, 126–7

assessment 2002 3–4, 229–30


border controls 2011 44–6, 58

brokering 2002 257–8, 2004 147, 151–2

brokering controls 2011 57, 2014 91


complicity in violations of international law 2007 131

conference negotiations 2002 218–20



diversion prevention measures 2008 160–1

draft 2002 207–9

embargoes 2004 263–4

EU Plan of Action 2002 214–15

existing responsibilities 2007 130–2

final draft 2002 220–9

Firearms Protocol 2002 216

follow-up 2007 125, 126, 2011 47–8




implementation 2009 142–3, 152, 2011 4, 43–61, 2012 1, 7

implementation plan 2013 169–70

influence of gun lobby 2002 217

international cooperation and assistance 2011 46–7, 58–9

International Tracing Instrument 2006 101–2, 103, 104, 112

key challenges 2007 130–7



MANPADS 2005 132, 136

marking and tracing 2002 246–8, 2005 28


monitoring of implementation 2004 2, 249–63, 271–2

National Points of Contact 2006 58–60

NGOs 2002 242

norms 2003 215–48

record keeping 2002 246–7

reporting 2006 112, 2009 137–9, 141, 152

Review Conference, First (2006) 2007 117, 118–26



Review Conference, Second (2012) 2013 4, 161–74, 2014 35

chair 2013 162–3

follow-up 2013 171–2

mandate 2013 161–2

Preparatory Committee (PrepCom) 2013 164–5

progress 2013 167–73

stockpile management 2011 57–8, 2014 169


surplus weapons, definition 2008 81–2

terrorism 2002 228

tracing 2006 96

tracing and record-keeping 2011 56–7

transfer controls 2007 128, 129–30, 2008 159–60




women’s involvement 2014 54–5, 58

see also United Nations, Biennial Meetings of States

Programme for Coordination and Assistance for Security and Development (PCASED)

2004 112

security of personnel 2002 186, 186–8, 187, 188, 192, 2003 149

slums 2007 168

small arms process 2011 4, 43–61

Small Arms Reduction Plan 2003 309–10

soft law 2003 219

South Sudan 2007 331–3, 335–6

stockpiles

data 2001 62

global 2003 58, 62

Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights 2007 127

Supplement to an Agenda for Peace 2003 227

Surplus Ammunition Report (2008) 2009 143–7, 152

tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 95–114

transfers, to non-state actors 2007 132

United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation 2011 262, 263

weapons registration 2009 124–8

Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries 2011 126, 148–9

World Report on Violence against Children 2009 193

United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict (UN Action) 2014 42

United Nations African Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders

(UNAFRI) 2002 262–3

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) 2013 226, 228

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) 2003 283

United Nations Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICF) 2002 241

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

child protection 2009 208




United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (UNCJIN) 2001 84,

2011 263, 264

United Nations Commission on Human Rights 2004 1

United Nations Coordinating Action on Small Arms (UNCASA) 2011 58, 262

United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs (UNDDA) 2001 277, 2004 254, 258, 263

United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) 2003 292, 2005 277, 289

United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 2014 38

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178

Arms for Development programmes 2003 154, 2006 264–5

Burundi, violence in 2007 197


destruction programme assistance 2008 78

destruction of surplus ammunition in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2005 30

El Salvador 2005 207, 280, 281, 285, 287, 289

armed violence reduction 2008 291–5

How to Guide: Small Arms and Light Weapons Legislation 2011 262

monitoring implementation of Programme of Action 2004 257, 258, 263



Somalia 2003 153

Trust Fund for the Reduction of Small Arms Proliferation 2002 298

weapons collection 2003 309–10, 2009 124–6

1989–2002 2003 279–81

Albania 2002 299

Mali 2002 288



safety 2002 312

Weapons Collection, Management, and Destruction Programme 2002 281

weapons for development 2002 298, 2003 309–10


United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) 2001 277, 278–9, 2005 26

firearms regulation 2011 263

Model Regulations 2010 49

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) see Arms Trade Treaty

First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) 2009 136, 142

omnibus resolution (2010) 2011 50–2

group of governmental experts (GGE) 2014 79, 95

Report of the Disarmament Commission 2011 263

United Nations Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty 2014 79

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 2005 183, 273

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

forced displacement, 2001 2002 167

killing of staff in West Timor 2001 228

militarization of refugee camps 2001 227, 2005 273

move to operational intervention 2002 185

security of staff 2001 226, 228


United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) 2011 287

United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) 2004 251, 258, 2006 96

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 2005 220–1

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 2009 317, 321, 331

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) 2004 179, 2006

169


United Nations Mine Action Team (UNMAT) 2014 168

United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) 2005 316, 324–5

United Nations Mission in Côte d’Ivoire (MINUCI) 2011 196, 197

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) 2006 261–2


women 2014 72

United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), disarmament 2002 289–90, 2003 283,

290, 307, 2006 255

United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) 2007 331–3, 335–6, 2010 285, 290, 296

civilian disarmament 2007 335–6

United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville (UNOMB) 2003 302

United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) 2003 207, 210

United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL), weapons collection 2002 288–9, 2003

283, 293, 307

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)

firearms use in homicides 2013 22, 25


United Nations Office of the Resident Coordinator in Madagascar, Peace and Conflict Impact

Assessment 2011 167, 181

United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) 2007 199, 204, 210–11

United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire (UNOCI) 2011 196, 197, 211, 216

ammunition monitoring 2014 182, 204

women 2014 71

United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II) 2003 298–9

United Nations Police (UNPOL), women 2014 71

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and

the Caribbean (UN-LiREC) 2001 255–6

United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament (UNREC) 2002 262

United Nations Register of Conventional Arms 2001 252, 280

ammunition 2010 10

and Arms Trade Treaty 2014 80–2, 95, 132–5, 138–9


data submitted to 2009 7, 10, 26–8

exports 2003-2010 2012 286–9

inclusion of light weapons 2004 115, 253, 2005 109–10

Kazakhstan 2012 120

light weapons transfers 2011 13–14, 35

MANPADS 2004 93, 2005 128–9, 2011 34

Togo 2002 81

transparency 2006 79, 2013 181

United Nations Security Council (UNSC)

Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia 2012 199

Resolutions (UNSCRs)

on small arms 2014 57

on women, peace and security 2014 40–5, 57–8

Resolution 1325 2014 3, 4

Afghanistan implementation 2014 65

national action plans (NAPs) 2014 46–54, 58

origins of 2014 36–8

overview 2014 41

Philippines national action plan 2014 51–2

reference to men 2014 38

Senegal national action plan 2014 52–3

small arms policies 2014 35–6, 43–5, 48–50

women’s disarmament role 2014 43, 44

Resolution 1612 2009 208


Resolution 1820 2014 41, 42

Resolution 1888 2014 41, 42


Resolution 1960 2014 41, 42

Resolution 2106 2014 41, 42


Resolution 2122 2014 35, 41, 42, 43

United Nations Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group, ammunition sources 2014 200, 201,

204

United Nations Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group (UNSEMG), illicit weapons data 2012

315, 336–7, 338–47

United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) 2011 233, 235–6, 238

United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) 2003 295

United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium

(UNTAES) 2002 290, 2003 300

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) 2006 120–1

United Nations Trust Facility Supporting Cooperation on Arms Regulation (UNSCAR) 2014

98

United Self-Defence Forces of Colombia see Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

United Somali Congress Ali Mahdi Faction, firearms 2010 122

United Somali Congress/Somali Salvation Alliance (USC/SSA), guided light weapons holdings

2008 33

United States (US)

655 Report 2001 152, 2002 121–2, 2003 106, 2005 113

Aceh reintegration support 2009 258

Afghanistan 2004 89, 2005 234

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) 2009 285, 288–9

Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) 2011 152–3

ammunition

procurement 2010 14

requirements 2008 91



anti-materiel rifles 2008 22–3

armed forces, women 2014 2




Arms Export Control Act (2005) 2008 169

arms management, Iraq 2008 58–9

Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2009 148, 149

Army Aviation and Missile Life Cycle Management Command (AMCOM) 2013 195

art 2005 150–2

attitudes to gun ownership 2013 38

Blue Lantern end-use monitoring programme 2008 129, 137, 170, 2014 125–6

Boston Gun Project 2006 148, 155, 312–13, 2007 181, 2008 286, 2010 246

brokering 2004 160, 161

controls 2001 103, 104, 125, 2002 254, 255, 256, 257


licensing 2004 154, 156, 157


trials 2004 165

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) 2013 286, 288, 296–8, 2014

249

Census Bureau, weapons categories 2009 30

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2005 242

civilian firearms 2010 114, 2013 30, 31

carrying in public 2011 295, 296

licences 2011 281, 282

prohibited and restricted 2011 271–3


regulation 2011 267




user regulation 2011 276, 277, 278, 279, 280

confiscation, disposal method 2002 311

conflict deaths

Bosnia 2005 234

Iraq 2005 234–5

Consent-to-Search programme 2008 283

Consolidated Appropriations Bill 2004 66–7

control measures

2006 UN Review Conference 2007 119–20, 121, 123, 124


Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) 2007 126, 127

Assault Weapon Ban 2004 66–7, 2005 21, 50, 62–3, 75

brokers 2001 103, 104, 125, 126, 2002 254, 255, 256

civilian ownership 2002 264, 265





international tracing instrument ammunition 2007 124


MANPADS 2004 92, 93, 2005 130–6




OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons 2002 211, 212

proceedings for violations of international law 2002 180

reform 2004 66–7

transfers to non-state actors, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 123–4


UN Programme of Action 2002 208, 221, 223–5, 226

UN Small Arms Conference 2002 206, 208, 217, 218, 219, 220

costs of small arms violence 2006 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201

Cure Violence 2013 151


Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2011 78

demand for small arms, costs of illicit use 2006 155

demilitarization industry 2013 188–90, 193, 199, 210

costs 2013 192

open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) 2013 207–8

Department of Defense (DoD)

ammunition security risk coding 2008 50

Defense Transportation Tracking System 2008 132–3

Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 2008 126

private security 2011 108

Small Arms Serialization Program (SASP) 2007 83–4

Special Assignment Airlift Mission 2008 133

Department of State (DoS)

Algeria, human rights violations 2007 77

budget for weapons destruction 2008 105

Haiti, human rights abuses 2007 174

Israel, human rights violations 2007 79–80

Political Terror Scale 2007 75

transfers to Iraqi Security Forces 2007 82–5

deportation, gang members 2008 290

destruction programmes, surplus weapons 2008 96, 97, 98

development and arms control, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 125

Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) 2008 143


diversion

firearms components to Europe 2008 120, 130

Stinger missiles to Afghanistan 2008 120, 125

weapons in Iraq 2008 125, 126

drug trafficking, firearms seized 2014 254–9

end-use monitoring 2008 144, 169–70, 171–3

export controls


exceptions 2009 78





exports


to Africa 2003 118

to Algeria 2007 77

ammunition 2006 67, 2009 14, 15


arms sourcing to conflicts 2005 160

by category 2001 154, 155



to Colombia 2004 129, 130, 2005 161, 162, 165, 2006 236

Comtrade data 2009 8, 12, 2012 274, 2013 179–80



dependence of producers on 2004 119–21

end-use assurances 2002 249, 250

human rights 2004 128, 129, 130, 131, 132



to Iraq 2006 74, 2007 74, 81–5, 102

irresponsible transfers from 2007 73, 74, 77, 79, 81–5, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104,

105, 106, 107

to Israel 2002 18

to Japan 2009 27, 30

to Kazakhstan 2012 120, 121, 134

to Latin America 2003 114

list of importers 2005 106, 107, 108, 109, 2006 75–8

MANPADS 2002 116, 2004 87, 88, 89




national reporting 2001 152–4, 2002 120, 121–2, 123, 124

to Nepal 2003 97



parts 2012 255, 259

pistols and revolvers 2001 146, 147, 2009 20, 41

security measures 2008 132–3, 143





Small Arms Trade Transparency Barometer 2004 3–4

small-calibre cartridges and parts 2010 23, 24

sporting and hunting shotguns and rifles 2009 18, 44, 45



tracing 2014 223

transparency 2001 152–4, 2002 117, 2004 116, 117, 2005 112, 113, 2006 80, 81, 2007

74, 87, 88, 2009 48, 49, 2010 15, 2011 15, 16, 2012 289, 291, 292, 299, 2013 182,

2014 129

trends 2000 2003 105–8

unilateral arms embargoes 2002 133

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 106

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 100, 105

value 2003 2006 65, 73


to Yemen 2003 175




1998 2001 201, 209, 240

and civilian ownership 1999 2001 203–4, 239

compared to non-firearm homicides 2007 166



firearm injuries 2008 257

costs of 2012 94

intentional 2012 84, 91

surveillance systems 2012 95

firearm restrictions 2013 35–7

firearms, access to 2008 284–7

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) 2012 316

gang violence 2008 225–6, 234, 270, 286, 2010 129, 132–5, 146, 148

girls 2010 194

gangs

firearms seized 2014 259–60

girl members 2010 187–8, 193

gun ownership 2010 109, 112, 113, 114


Mexican-American 2010 230–1, 242, 244

prevention strategies 2010 237–8, 240

suppression strategies 2010 246, 247, 248

treatment strategies 2010 242

Golden Sentry end-use monitoring programme 2005 135, 2008 170, 2014 125

gun ownership, women 2014 2

Haiti 2005 163–5

correlation to city size 2007 165, 166

homicides 2008 280, 281–2

urban areas 2008 222, 257, 2010 132–5

illegal sales of weapons 2008 62

illicit transfers from 2001 189, 2007 90–1

ant trade into Mexico 2002 135

brokers 2001 103, 104

to Central American non-state actors 2002 129

Cold War grey market 2001 168–9



to Iraq 2007 74, 81–5

to Latin America 2003 116–17

to Libya 2001 103

to Mexico 2012 56–60, 2013 285, 294–8

to non-state actors in Afghanistan 2007 135

to Paraguay 2001 186

to Puerto Rico 2012 12–13

to Rwanda 2002 132




illicit transfers to, from Russian Federation 2001 178–9

illicit weapons 2014 6, 245–68

Chinese 2014 253, 261, 268


linked to drug trafficking 2014 254–9

linked to gangs 2014 259–60

magazine capacity 2014 257–8

possession by felons 2014 252–4


import markings 2009 119, 120

imports


Beretta 2002 37

from Brazil 2001 30, 2007 95–6

from Canada 2001 149

from central and eastern Europe 2003 38–9

from China 2001 45, 2002 22

Comtrade data 2001 156, 2009 8, 12, 2013 180

Container Security Initiative 2003 107


from the European Union 2003 103–4, 2004 124

from FN Herstal 2001 31


handguns 2009 8


from Latin America 2003 114, 2004 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 123

list of exporters 2005 102, 103, 104, 105, 2006 68–73



national data on 2007 52


parts 2012 256, 257–8, 260–1

pistols and revolvers 2002 114, 2009 21, 22, 40

from Russia 2003 111, 2004 122


shotgun shells 2010 25, 26

small-calibre cartridges 2010 23, 24

sporting and hunting firearms 2009 8, 47

sporting shotguns 2009 18, 19–20



TOW missiles 2011 32–3

trends 2000 2003 105–8

value 1994–1998 2001 157

value 2000 2003 101

value 2001 2004 100, 101, 108, 111

value 2002 2005 97, 98, 106, 109

value 2003 2006 65, 67, 74, 78

injuries, cost of treating 2001 216

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (2007) 2008 169

intervention programmes, violence reduction 2008 282–8

intimate partner violence 2013 20–1, 24–5, 28, 29

Iraq 2004 44–5, 49–50, 2005 234–5, 2008 14

legal transfers, classification of 2001 142


MANPADS development 2008 16–17

Marine Corps

weapons recovered, lost or stolen 2014 266–7

women 2014 66

marking and tracing, International Tracing Instrument 2006 100–1, 102


Mayors Against Illegal Guns 2008 285

military procurement 2006 9–10, 29

age of stock 2006 16

development of new weapons 2006 23

imports 2002 22, 37

major initiatives 2006 11

OICW development 2006 24

procurement rate 2006 16

projected rate 2006 18

ratio of types of weapons 2006 13

missile countermeasures on civilian aircraft 2004 91

National Strategy for Combating Terrorism 2004 66

National Violent Death Reporting System 2013 27

non-state actors, support for 2002 129, 131

organized crime 2008 64

police

shooting with own weapons 2011 79

use-of-force policies 2011 71

weapons seizures 2014 246–50

police weapons 2010 114, 2011 74–5

acoustic weapons 2011 83

militarization 2011 86, 93

policing 2004 217, 223, 226, 228, 238

pollution, ammunition 2005 17

prices

AK-47 2002 65, 67–8


prison gangs 2010 157, 160–2

firearms 2010 173



armed 2011 115, 116

personnel 2011 106

training 2011 123

production

ammunition 2003 13, 16–17, 2005 15

assault rifles 2004 28–9

by value 2001 14

by volume 2001 13, 2003 13

carbines 2004 29

Census of Manufacturers 1997 2001 10

company profiles 2000 2002 27–9, 55

distribution 2003 12

employment in the small arms industry 2003 17


global ranking 2001 15, 16


illicit 2001 45


licensed 2002 45


of FN Herstal products 2007 18

MANPADS 2007 21

owners of technology 2007 21

technology acquirers 2007 15

technology owners 2007 15, 19



major ammunition producers 2001 15

major producing companies 2003 14–15

MANPADS 2004 81, 82


Manufacturing Census 2004 11

manufacturing sectors 2005 47–59, 61

military small arms production 2000 2002 13

military-style ammunition 2002 14

mortars 2002 72


most popular small arms 2001 18, 19, 20, 21

producer accountability 2004 1

ranked by weapons type 1998–1999 2002 29

seizures of illicit weapons in Brazil 2001 23


survey of producers 2001 25–6, 53, 2002 10, 27, 57, 2003 16–18, 2004 10–14

total value 2003 16–18

total volume 2003 16–18

trends 2004 8, 38

volume of 2002 13–14

Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN) 2008 287–8



Somalia 2007 92

state-to-state transfers 2008 166

Stern Commission 2011 88, 92, 93

stockpiles 2002 83–6, 2003 57, 61, 2004 53, 56, 57

civilian holdings 2002 79, 2004 51, 2007 39, 46–8



correlation to GDP 2007 58–9, 62

data on private legal firearms 2001 85, 86

estimates 2007 53

gender 2001 213

hunting 2007 63

illicit, most popular firearms 2001 21


patterns of 2007 63


regulation of, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 124

September 11, 2001 2003 60, 61


distribution of firearms ownership 2001 65–6

MANPADS 2004 84

military 2001 73, 2002 75, 83–6, 2006 44, 46, 47, 53, 56, 57

ammunition 2005 29

destruction programmes 2002 73, 2007 64, 65

inventory control 2002 260–1


transfer to civilian ownership 2007 61

weapons-to-troop ratio 2002 84–6

police 2001 69, 70, 2005 78, 2006 41, 43

September 11, 2001 2003 60–2

stolen firearms 2004 60, 61, 62, 63

surplus ammunition, General Assembly First Committee 2007 126

stray bullets 2012 86


disposal of 2008 81

terrorism, Moldovan trade 2003 109–10

theft of weapons 2008 55–6, 64

Tiahrt Amendment 2008 286–7


to South Sudan 2014 219

transportation

licensing 2010 53



Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126

victimization survey data 2012 91

violence and crime

correlation with city size 2007 165, 166

costs of 2001 216, 2004 191, 2006 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201

drug-related violence 2001 221

firearms used in crimes 2001 23–4

frequency of defensive uses 2004 184

gangs 2007 171

gun ownership as deterrence 2004 186

handguns 2004 189–90

liability suits 2003 18

self-defence 2004 181

victims of 2004 61, 179, 183

violence, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 182, 188

violence risk factors 2008 282

interventions 2008 267

Native Americans 2008 249

race 2008 259

weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 74, 282–3, 2003 280, 2005 72–4

weapons control measures 2012 57

young men and small arms 2006 297, 304, 306–7, 311–12, 313

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 2005 285

United States Air Force, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85

United States Army

ammunition producers 2001 27

inventory control 2002 260–1

small arms acquisitions 2000 2002 86

small arms inventory 2001 2002 84–6

United States Coast Guard, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85

United States Navy, small arms inventory 2001 2002 85

United States Virgin Islands, tax havens and brokers 2001 105

United Tajik Opposition 2005 169–71

United Wa State Army (UWSA) (Myanmar)

firearms 2010 122


Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 2002 179, 2003 219–20, 2004 181, 213–14

UNLA see Uganda National Liberation Army

unleaded ammunition 2005 16–17

UNMAT see United Nations Mine Action Team

UNMIL see United Nations Mission in Liberia

UNMIS see United Nations Mission in Sudan

UNOCI see United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire

UNODC see United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

UNOMB see United Nations Observer Mission in Bougainville

UNOMIG see United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia

UNOSOM II see United Nations Operation in Somalia

Unplanned Explosions at Munitions Sites (UEMS) 2014 145, 148, 167, 170

UNPOL see United Nations Police

UNRCA see United Nations Register of Conventional Arms

UNRF see Uganda National Rescue Front

UNSC see United Nations Security Council

UNSCAR see United Nations Trust Facility Supporting Cooperation on Arms Regulation

UNSEMG see United Nations Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group

UNTAC see United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia

UNTAES see United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and

Western Sirmium

UNTAG see United Nations Transition Assistance Group

UPADS see Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale

UPDA see Ugandan People’s Defence Army

UPDF see Ugandan People’s Defence Force

Upper Nile State (Sudan), tribal conflict 2010 288

UPPs see unidades de polícia pacificadora

Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) 2005 231–2, 234, 238–9, 241–7, 2007 76

urban areas

accidental shootings 2007 230

armed violence 2008 221–2, 257, 291, 2009 196

Brazil 2007 228–52

Burundi 2007 197–221

correlation between crime rates and city size 2007 164–5

definition 2007 169

patterns of civilian ownership 2007 63


population 2007 163


see also cities

urban renewal programmes, post-conflict security 2009 233, 240

URD see Union pour le renouveau démocratique

Uruguay

control measures, MERCOSUR 2001 258


exports, weapon sights 2012 270–1

firearm homicides 2012 9, 13, 16, 24


illicit transfers from, to Brazil 2007 306


imports 2001 157

customs data 2002 117, 126





production



stockpiles, 2004 update 2004 51, 52, 53


US see United States

US Repeating Arms Co. (United States) 2001 23, 26, 2002 31

use-of-force policies, police 2011 69, 70–1, 94

USP see Unité de la Sécurité Présidentielle

UWA see Uganda Wildlife Authority

UWSA see United Wa State Army

UXO see unexploded ordnance

Uzbekistan

imports 2002 147

Kyrgyzstan 2004 309, 310–11, 318, 322


stockpiles 2002 102



Burundi 2007 204

gang use, Nicaragua 2013 61


most popular sub-machine guns 2001 19, 20

producers 2001 39, 2002 35


V.A. Degtyarev Plant (Russian Federation) 2001 33, 2003 19, 2004 14, 15


exports 2004 122




value of guns, demand for small arms 2006 153–4

value of lost life 2001 216

Vanuatu



imports


value 2000 2004 281

stockpiles 2003 89, 2004 284


World Trade Organization and tariffs on imports 2002 126

VAWG see violence against women and girls

Vazovski Mashinostroitelni Zavodi (Bulgaria) 2003 44

VBIEDs see vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices

Vector R4/R5s 2003 267

vehicle hijacking, Papua New Guinea 2006 184

vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs) 2013 228, 230, 243

vehicles, UAZ-3151 2008 9–10

Vektor (South Africa) 2001 21, 41, 44

Vektor machine gun 2002 48

Venezuela

civilian firearms, prohibited and restricted 2011 273

Colombian insurgents 2002 82–3

conflict, attempted overthrow of Chávez government 2002 2007 76

control measures, international transfer controls 2007 123



homicides 2008 215




to Colombia 2004 130, 2005 163, 2006 85, 87, 222

imports


concerns 2006 87




MANPADS 2011 33



value 2001 2004 103, 108, 111

value 2002 2005 106

value 2003 2006 74, 78





production


licensed 2002 45, 2007 9, 11, 15, 30




SA-24 MANPADS 2011 22

stockpiles 2004 51, 52, 53

military 2006 43, 44, 51


Territorial Guard 2008 85–6

theft of weapons 2008 55

unemployment and firearm homicides 2003 138

urban violence, political 2007 173, 186

Verde, Gelsomina 2013 84, 86

verification, post-conflict weapons collection 2009 123

Verney-Carron, Flash-Ball munitions 2011 81, 89

victim assistance, 2006 UN Review Conference 2007 126

victim-operated improvised explosive devices (VOIEDs) 2013 221, 228–9

victimization

Africa 2007 171–3

Brazil 2007 227–8, 231–3

Burundi 2007 211–12, 214–15

Colombia 2006 223–6, 230, 239

correlation with city size 2007 164–5


Pakistan, urban political armed violence in Karachi 2007 175


public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 182


urban violence 2007 169–70, 175–8


urbanization and violence 2007 164

violence and crime 2004 178, 179–80, 191


victimization surveys

intimate partner violence 2013 20–1


non-lethal armed violence 2012 89–91

victims, gang violence 2010 69, 145, 197–9

Victoria (Australia)

civilian firearms




video games 2005 145–6

Viera de Mello (Brazil) 2001 29

Viet Cong, weapon-related commitments 2010 318

Vietnam

exports, irresponsible transfers to Philippines 2007 104


homicides, human development indicators 2001 241



MANPADS 2004 89

to Myanmar 2004 131

imports 2005 104

MANPADS 2004 87

occupation of Cambodia 2006 120


production


licensed 2007 15, 18, 21


MANPADS 2004 81, 82


reserve forces 2001 72

stockpiles

military 2006 48, 52, 57

People’s War strategy 2002 77

Vietnam War

cascading weapons 2001 169

post-traumatic stress disorder 2002 167


vigilante groups 2004 196–8

community security 2010 267, 2012 163





West Africa 2006 249, 250–1, 252

Village Guards (Turkey) 2010 261

Vingmate fire-control system 2012 268–9

vintage weapons, data on 2007 43

violence 2004 2, 4, 173–211


Africa 2004 192–9

art 2005 150–3

black market 2001 167, 2002 67–8

Brazil 2007 227–52, 289–90


Burundi 2007 197–221

Cambodia 2006 122–3, 125–30, 136



clustering surveys 2005 239–40, 241, 244


and communities 2008 228–36, 240, 256, 287–8

contexts of 2008 215

costs of 2001 4, 216, 2004 190–2, 2006 189–211

cultures of 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23

deaths 2010 85

definitions 2005 230–1, 2007 164, 2008 212–13, 246, 277

demand, prices 2007 265

demand for small arms 2006 141, 142–3, 149–51

drug-related 2001 221

ecological model 2008 211, 226, 228, 237, 250–1

effect of small arms on intensity 2006 142–3

effects on human development 2003 129–49


elections 2010 265

empirical studies 2008 249

entrepreneurs 2009 232

Europe 2003 63

criminal victimization in 2007 169–70

gender 2001 213


Georgia 2003 209

group goals 2005 192–3, 196

gun culture 2001 205–8, 2005 205–23



Iraqi stockpiles 2004 44


male youth 2006 295–317

mapping of 2008 216

and mental illness 2008 254, 255



Nigeria, correlation to city size 2007 167

non-conflict 2013 1–2, 3–4, 7–13

Pacific 2004 295


pathways model 2008 251–3

political 2011 209–10

post-conflict 2005 268, 271–4

prevention 2008 245

problem behaviour theory 2008 248

public perceptions of security 2007 175–8, 182

reasons for stopping 2008 270

refugee camps 2002 168–9, 2005 273

relationship with arms availability 2001 200–8

risk factors 2008 229–30, 238, 245–6, 249–53

social bonding theory 2008 248

social learning theory 2008 248




triggers 2008 256

types 2008 213–15, 259–63

Uganda 2006 288, 289

United Kingdom 2004 188–9

United States, liability suits 2003 18

urban areas 2007 161–89

of urbanization 2007 175–8

‘weapons priming effect’ 2006 307–8

Yemen 2003 179–80, 187

young men and small arms 2006 298–301, 307–10, 313–16

see also armed violence; crime; gang violence; intimate partner violence

violence against women and girls (VAWG)

awareness-raising 2014 27–8

definition 2014 10

firearm use 2014 1–3, 9, 13, 23–4, 28

global perspective 2014 4, 11–13

key terms and concepts 2014 10–11

Liberia 2014 4, 9, 15–20

measuring 2014 16–17, 22–3, 29

Nepal 2014 4, 9, 20–6

prevention 2014 18–20, 26, 27–8, 28–9

rural and urban differences 2014 18, 23

social norms 2014 9, 13–15, 17–18, 24–6

as weapon of war 2014 9, 15, 21

see also domestic violence; gender-based violence; intimate partner violence; sexual

violence

violence entrepreneurs, land conflicts 2013 114

Violence Policy Center (US) 2013 20, 27

violence reduction programmes

Colombia 2006 215, 230–5

cost-benefit analysis 2003 132–3

cost-effectiveness analyses 2006 195, 196–7


increasing protective factors 2006 313–16

municipal 2007 178–88


weapons collection and destruction programmes 2002 279, 282–3, 304–5, 307–10


violence-induced displacement, indicators 2002 159, 160

violent land conflict

Africa 2013 103–26

causes 2013 108–14

definition 2013 108

drivers 2013 115

Viva Rio (Brazil) 2002 243, 2006 156, 2013 38

ammunition diversions 2007 311

Brazilian exports 2001 2002 125


VOIEDs see victim-operated improvised explosive devices

voluntary approaches, municipal violence reduction programmes 2007 181, 185–8

Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPs) 2011 136, 141, 154–8

Voluntary Society of Supporters for the Air Force And Navy (DAOSAAF) (Georgia) 2003 197

voluntary weapons collection 2002 286, 292–7


VPs see Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights

vulnerable families, Brazil 2007 233, 235, 244, 245, 247

vulnerable persons, policing 2004 235–7

Vursan (Turkey) 2002 12

Vyatskiye Polyany Machine Building Plant Molot (Russian Federation) 2003 19

VZ 58 rifles, Iraq 2012 321

WA see Wassenaar Arrangement

Wah Nobel (Pakistan) 2013 236–7

Wallis and Futuna 2004 283, 284, 302

stockpiles 2003 89

Wallonian Region (Belgium), exports 2006 69

Walther pistols, use in homicides, Bogotá (Colombia) 2012 29

Wani, Clement 2010 292

war

definitions of 2005 230–2

Georgia 2003 206

global deaths, 2002 update 2002 157

post-conflict recurrence 2009 231

types of 2005 180

Uppsala Conflict Database 2007 76

war booty

2002 update 2002 138–9

diversions to illicit trade 2002 129

war crimes

disarming ex-combatants 2002 306




Israel 2007 80

justice 2003 311–12


war economies, disarmament 2003 300–1

war profits, disarmament 2003 300–1

War on Terror 2004 66

effect on stockpiles 2003 60–2

transfers, to Nepal 2003 97

Yemen 2003 182

see also terrorism


war zones

illicit weapons 2012 2–3, 7, 313–49

see also conflict

Ward, Robert 2013 21

warehousing and handling agents 2010 44

Warhol, Andy 2005 142, 143

warlords

Afghanistan 2009 285, 290–1

Georgia 2003 202–4

paramilitaries 2001 72

Somalia 2007 92–4


warning shots, policing 2004 219

Warsaw Treaty Organisation (WTO) 2001 34

Washington, D.C. (United States)

homicide rate 2007 165

illicit weapons 2014 247–50, 252–68

Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) 2005 109–10

Best Practice Guidelines for Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons 2007 25–6, 2009

62, 63, 69, 82, 91

Best Practices to Prevent Destabilising Transfers of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW)

through Air Transport 2010 47, 48–9

brokering 2004 149, 155, 2014 92

categories of weapons 2004 116, 118

diversion prevention 2008 161

Elements for Export Controls of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) (2003)

2007 28, 2009 146

end-use assurances 2002 249, 251, 252

intellectual property rights 2007 24, 25–6

licensed production, MANPADS 2007 28

light weapons 2005 125, 127

MANPADS 2004 92, 93, 2005 123, 127–8, 130–8, 2007 28

monitoring 2004 252

Munitions List (ML) 2005 102, 2009 66–7, 2014 82

ammunition data 2010 10


transparency of transfers 2004 114, 115, 253, 2005 110

unauthorized retransfer controls 2014 121, 122, 124, 126, 127

Watson, Ronnie 2001 117

WAVE 300-Tolkyn small arms system 2012 133

WCO see World Customs Organization

wealth

civilian holdings 2007 57–60, 61–2


young men and small arms 2006 301, 302, 303–4, 306

weapon sights

definition 2012 245


transfers

estimates 2012 250



types 2012 264–8

weapons collection programmes 2002 5, 7, 279–317

Aceh 2009 256

Afghanistan 2009 292–3, 295

Albanian National Liberation Army 2002 89


Australia 2009 166, 167–9

Balkans 2001 177

Bougainville 2003 303

Brazil 2009 166, 169–71

Burundi 2007 203–7


Colombia 2006 232–3, 233–4


development 2003 155

effect of war on terror 2003 60–2

European unregistered firearms 2003 70

Georgia 2003 191–2, 203–5


Kosovo 2009 124, 125

lessons learned 2002 303–11

Liberia 2009 124, 125

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 180, 181, 185–8


NGOs 2002 243

norms 2003 231

peace process disarmament 2003 277–316

phases 2002 286–97

programmes 1989–2001 2002 302

recirculation 2006 248


Republic of the Congo 2003 255–73, 2009 124, 125

Solomon Islands 2003 303, 2009 166, 174–5

South Africa 2009 166, 176–7

United Kingdom 2009 166, 171–4

West African armed groups 2006 259–61, 264–5

Weapons for Development projects


post-conflict security 2009 233, 240


see also Arms for Development

weapons identification

import marks 2009 118–20

manufacturers’ marks 2009 114–16

serial numbers 2009 116–18, 130

weapon models 2009 111–14

weapons lotteries, post-conflict security 2009 233, 240

‘weapons priming effect’, young men and small arms 2006 307–8

weapons reduction programmes 2005 72–6, 267–93





Kosovo gun culture 2005 206

measuring success 2005 284–5

municipal armed violence reduction programmes 2007 179, 180, 181, 185–8


post-conflict 2005 267–8, 275–89

shortcomings 2005 283–9



see also disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration; weapons collection

weapons registers 2012 228

weapons tracing see tracing

weapons use, international humanitarian law 2007 132

Weapons-free Village (WFV) campaign (Solomon Islands) 2006 153, 156, 157

Weiss, Taya 2006 143

Wellford, Charles F. 2006 143

Wendt, Rainer 2007 51

West Africa

armed groups 2002 81–2, 2006 247–67


illicit transfers 2001 171–3, 2003 118–19

Moratorium 2001 258–61


stockpiles 2002 81–2, 2003 82–3

West African Air Services 2008 117

West African Moratorium 2001 258–61, 2002 246, 2005 125

West Bank

insurgent weapons, 2002 update 2002 90–4

Israeli stockpiles 2003 77, 78

non-state actors



West Nile Bank Front (WNBF) 2006 282

West Papua



West Papua Independence Movement see Organisasi Papua Merdeka

West Side Boys (WSB) (Sierra Leone) 2006 249

West Timor, killing of UN staff 2001 228

Western Australia (Australia)

civilian firearms




Western Cape (South Africa)

gangs

gun ownership 2010 112, 113, 115

membership 2010 106, 107, 108

Western Cartridge Co. (WCC) (United States) 2007 305

Western Equatoria (Sudan) 2007 325

Western Europe




violence and crime 2004 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 200

Western Kazakhstan Machine-Building Company (ZKMK) 2012 119, 131–3

Western Sahara



production 2002 19

WFP see World Food Programme

WFSA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities

WFV see Weapons-free Village campaign

WGWR see Working Group for Weapons Reduction

white army (South Sudan) 2007 326, 334–6

White Eagle forces (Georgia) 2003 197

‘White Helmets of the United Naciones’ 2010 220

white phosphorus (WP) 2013 198

WHO see World Health Organization

willingness-to-pay (WTP) method, costs of small arms violence 2003 133, 2006 192, 196, 197

Wilson, Edwin 2001 103, 104

Winchester 2001 24

Winchester Ammunition 2004 11–12

Winchester Olin (United States/Belgium) 2003 15, 2004 27


Windoek (Namibia), carjackings 2007 172

WISE see Norwegian Refugee Council, Women’s Rights through Information, Sensitization and

Education

WNBF see West Nile Bank Front

Wojong, Simon 2007 334

Wolf Bullets (Canada) 2001 27

women

in armed groups 2010 191, 195, 201

basic needs 2002 172

conflict roles 2014 2, 38–40

disarmament campaigns 2006 315, 316

disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration 2014 43–4


firearm homicides, United Kingdom 2002 271

firearm use 2014 1–3, 4, 64–75

forced recruitment 2002 171

gun ownership 2014 2

international policies on women, peace, and security 2014 35–59

mafia homicides 2013 86

police officers 2014 2, 70–2



victimization of

Colombia 2006 228, 239

Papua New Guinea 2006 171, 172, 179, 180, 182

Uganda 2006 288

violence against 2009 196

Somalia 2012 161–2


weapons collection and destruction programmes, Brazil 2002 284

young men and small arms 2006 301, 302, 306, 315

see also femicides; girls; intimate partner violence; sexual violence; violence against women

and girls

Women’s Caucus for Gender Justice, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security

2014 37

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, NGO Working Group on Women,

Peace and Security 2014 37

Women’s League for International Peace and Freedom, NGO Working Group on Women, Peace

and Security 2014 37

WOREC Nepal 2014 22

Working Group for Weapons Reduction (WGWR) (Cambodia) 2002 296, 2006 119, 124, 130,

131, 132

World Bank

Aceh studies 2009 251

Central African Republic 2005 310–11, 312

DDR and weapons destruction 2003 307, 2005 267–8, 277, 279, 287, 289




government effectiveness variable 2007 266

Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), Burundi 2007

203–4


post-conflict situations

definition 2009 224

second-generation security promotion 2009 237, 238

study of 2009 231

Small Grants Programme for Violence Prevention 2009 238

urbanization and crime rates 2007 164


world cities 2007 162–3

World Customs Organization (WCO)

Harmonized System (HS) 2009 10, 26, 27

transportation controls 2010 54–5


World Food Programme (WFP), convoy attacked in Sudan 2010 288

World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities (WFSA)

global production of commercial firearms 2000 2002 13–14

tracing 2002 247, 2006 96, 97


UN Small Arms Conference 2002 217, 247

world trade in hunting and sporting firearms 2002 124, 125

World Health Organization (WHO)

Armed Violence Prevention Programme (AVPP) 2006 309, 2007 178, 2008 292

collection programmes 2004 251

conflict deaths 2005 232, 235, 236–7, 247


definition of violence 2007 164


ecological model of violence 2008 211, 226, 228


firearm-related morbidity and mortality 2001 214–15

humanitarian operations in Somalia, attacks on 2002 192

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 2012 80–1, 96

Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women 2013 21

Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women 2014

11–12

violence definition 2008 46, 212–13

Violence Prevention Alliance 2008 275

violence typology 2008 213–14

World Health Report 1998, death due to violence 2002 160

World Health Statistics Annual, firearm-related mortality rates 2002 162

World Report on Violence and Health (2002) 2008 211, 224

World Shooting Federation (WSF) 2001 202

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Agreement on Government Procurement 2010 10

and arms trade 2014 80

Vanuatu and arms trade liberalization 2002 126

World Vision 2006 144

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 2005 310

wound ballistics 2001 240

wounded, Geneva conventions 2002 179

wounds 2005 16, 23

WP see white phosphorus

WSB see West Side Boys

WSF see World Shooting Federation

WSFA see World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities

WTO see World Trade Organization

WTP see willingness-to-pay

Xe Services (formerly Blackwater) 2011 108, 120, 125

Xica da Silva (home-made pistol) 2013 62–3

XM8 2006 24

XM25 Individual Airburst Weapon System 2008 24–5

XM312 heavy machine gun 2008 21–2

XM320 grenade launcher 2008 24

XREP see eXtended Range Electro-Muscular Projectile

Yakuza (Japan), gun ownership 2010 115

Yanacocha gold mine (Peru) see Minera Yanacocha

YAR see Yemen Arab Republic

Yarmouk Industrial Complex (Sudan) 2014 229, 232

Yau Yau, David 2014 206, 236, 237, 238

years of potential life lost (YPLL) 2002 162

ratio to DALY 2002 165

Yelinek, Shimon 2004 141, 164

Yemen 2003 169–88


civilian firearms

licences 2011 281




control measures, civilian holdings 2007 45






to Somalia 2007 94

imports 2004 102, 2005 103



MANPADS 2004 88



production 2002 19

revenge killings 2003 184, 2009 201

stockpiles 2001 63, 2002 91–2, 2003 79, 2006 37

civilian holdings 2003 79, 2005 90, 91, 2007 39, 45–6, 47–8, 50


estimates 2007 53

military 2005 88

police 2005 89

see also People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen

Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) 2003 170, 175

Young Patriots (Côte d’Ivoire) 2006 249

Young Volunteers (Guinea) 2006 249, 252

youth 2006 295–317

armed groups in South Sudan 2007 326

armed violence 2008 219–20, 286, 2009 232

definition 2009 194

demand, prices 2007 263, 264, 265, 281, 282, 283


firearm homicides, Brazil 2007 233, 235, 238–41, 247

gang prevention strategies 2010 234–8



prices of weapons 2007 258

resilience to violence 2008 256

urban armed violence 2007 178, 179, 182, 188

violence risk factors 2008 252–3, 255–6, 258–9, 262, 282

see also children

youth Communist organizations, Georgia 2003 197

youth groups 2010 231–3

see also gangs

YPLL see years of potential life lost

Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang 2009 252

Yugoslavia, Former Republic of (FRY)

armed force firearms 2001 74–5, 76

communal warfare 2001 78


diversion of weapons to Liberia 2008 121


exports

to Africa 2003 118

to Uganda 2007 294, 296


ant trade to Greece 2003 71

smuggling into Europe 2003 71–2

to Uganda 2007 293



arms embargoes 2002 132, 133, 2004 268

human rights 2004 127, 128, 133

Kosovo 2005 206, 210, 212–16, 219

policing 2004 241

production

Bosnia 2003 43

licensed 2007 27


survey of producers 2001 36–8, 2002 57

stockpiles


law enforcement 2006 40, 42

military 2005 77, 2006 43, 44, 50

security 2002 260


see also Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Macedonia; Serbia and Montenegro

Yugoslavia Tribunal 2002 177, 179

Yusuf, Abdullahi 2007 92, 93

Yuzhmash missile factory (Ukraine) 2013 199

Zafy, Albert 2011 174–5

Zagaria, Michele 2013 95–6

Zaire

brokers 2001 108

illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 117–19, 173, 2005 192

internally displaced persons 2001 225


transfers to Central African Republic 2005 304, 317–19

see also Democratic Republic of the Congo

Zaklady Metalowe Dezamet (Poland) 2003 42

Zaklady Metalowe Lucznik (Poland) 2001 37, 2003 42

Zaklady Metalowe Mesko (Poland) 2003 42

Zaklady Tworzyw Sztuczynych Pronit (Poland) 2003 42

Zambia


firearm homicides and suicides, 1998 2001 209, 233, 240, 241

firearm violence and crime 2004 193, 194, 195, 196


illicit transfers from, to UNITA 2001 119, 2002 132


transfers to, human rights 2004 127

Zamfara State Vigilante Service (ZSVS) (Nigeria) 2006 249

Zapata-Marti, Ricardo 2014 156–7

Zastava Arms Company (Serbia) 2001 38, 2003 47, 2004 103, 144, 2009 108, 114


Zastava Oruje (Serbia and Montenegro) 2005 56

Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva (ZVS) (Slovakia) 2003 43

Zbrojovka Arms (Czech Republic) 2003 40

ZDI see Zimbabwe Defence Industries

Zimbabwe



exports 2001 148, 2004 130

Democratic Republic of the Congo 2001 108–9


imports 2006 69



policing, political manipulation 2004 232


production




Zimbabwe Defence Industries (ZDI) 2001 41, 108, 2003 261, 263

ZKMK see Western Kazakhstan Machine-Building Company

Zomi Re-Unification Organization (ZRO) (India), weapon-related commitments 2010 318

ZRO see Zomi Re-Unification Organization

ZSVS see Zamfara State Vigilante Service

Zug massacre (Switzerland) (2001) 2002 266, 2007 54

Zulu militias (Republic of the Congo) 2003 260

Zuma, Jacob 2013 143

Zvinavashe, General Vitalis 2001 108, 109

ZVS see Zavody Vseobecneho Strojarstva

Zwischenstadt (‘cities without cities’) 2007 169

Documents

Lord’s Resistance Army (Uganda) ‘Abdulaye Miskine’ · Africa air cargo companies 2001 114 armed groups Lord’s Resistance Army 2006 273–89 West African 2006 247–67 border