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Low Low power power Huygenian Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece using principal planes geometric ray tracing techniques.

Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

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Page 1: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LowLowpowerpower

HuygenianHuygenian

LowLowpowerpower

HuygenianHuygenian

Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor

Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor

constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece using principal planes geometric ray tracing techniques.

constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece using principal planes geometric ray tracing techniques.

Page 2: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 3: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 4: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 5: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

RAY TRACING by PRINCIPAL PLANES _ ACHROMATIC HUYGENIAN EYEPIECE

•1) PP1 lies @ EFL behind OG focal plane

Page 6: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•2) Draw chief ray through OG centre to edge of image field (taken to be 2-inches)•3) Draw edge rays through OG top & bottom to edge of image field

Page 7: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•4) Field lens lies @ F1 in front of PP1; PP1 & F1’ coincide

Page 8: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•5) Construct line parallel to axis touching edge of field lens

Page 9: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•6) Construct line from intersection of PP1 & axis to edge of field lens

Page 10: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•7) Eye lens lies @ 1/2(F1+F2) behind field lens _ F2•8) Construct line parallel to (6) intersecting centre of eye lens @ axis

Page 11: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

During acclimation, an f/14 achromat, compared to an f/7 apochromat would require ~43% less frequent focus correction over an 80% longer cool down time, over a focal shift 3 times greater.

•9) Construct perpendicular to axis @ F2 behind eye lens

Page 12: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•10) Construct line from intersection of (8) & (9) @ F2 behind eye lens through intersection of (6) & eye lens to cross (5)

Page 13: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•11) Where (5) & (10) cross construct perpendicular to axis _ PP2

Page 14: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•12) Field stop lies @ F2 in front of eye lens

Page 15: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•13) Where (10) crosses axis, lies the Ramsden Disc _ Fc

Page 16: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•14) Construct line from intersection of PP1 @ axis to edge of field lens. Where it crosses PP2 gives the radius of the field stop. Angle subtended from Fc @ axis gives geometric afov semi-angle

Page 17: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•15) Construct line parallel to axis touching lower edge of field lens

Page 18: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•16) Drop perpendicular from eye lens to (15)

Page 19: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•17) Construct line from intersection of (15) & (16) through intersection of PP2 & axis

Page 20: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•18) Construct line parallel to (17) through field lens & back to (16); where it intersects (15) construct perpendicular to axis _ PP2’

Page 21: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•19) Construct line through intersection of image plane Fp & axis & intersection (17) & field lens, to intersect (18) @ PP1’ & F1’

Page 22: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•(20) Construct rays from field lens intersecting lower edge of field stop to eye lens•(21) Construct chief ray from F2 to Fc @ axis•(22) Construct oblique rays parallel to it. Ray height @ Fc gives exit pupil

Page 23: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

•(23) Fc - F2 = Eye Relief

Page 24: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

The apparent field of view:

Page 25: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

The actual lenses are not thin, so the raytrace has to be revised to take into account the principal planes within the thick lenses. This is done using Gullstrand’s equations. The lens radii are measured using a spherometer, and their focii and principal planes calculated. For the eye lens crown element:

The achromatic is a cemented doublet so the internal radii cannot be directly measured. For calculations to determine the internal surface radii refer to end of article.

Page 26: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

And for the flint lens element:

The achromatic is a cemented doublet so the internal radii cannot be directly measured. For calculations to determine the internal surface radii refer to end of article.

Page 27: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

For the field lens:

Page 28: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

The lenses need to be drawn in CAD:

The eye lens

Page 29: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

The lenses need to be drawn in CAD:

The field lens

Page 30: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

And the revised raytrace:

Page 31: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 32: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 33: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 34: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 35: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 36: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 37: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 38: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

The improvised optical bench

Even an ATM optical bench is expensive. But you can always improvise with plasticine and a carpenter’s rule.

More precise separation mesures can be made with a vernier caliper.

Lens radii can be measured using a spherometer.

This is a “Fob Watch” style spherometer, graduated in Dioptres, and Pouces (a French inch - there are 36 Pouces in a Dioptre).

A lens with a focal length of 1m has a power of 1 Dioptre.

Surface powers can be added or subtracted to find the overall power of the lens.

These values are then inputted into Gullstrand’s equation to find the true focal length and the position of the principal planes.

Page 39: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Machining the eyepiece barrel

You could machine the barrel from brass barstock, but brass bar is very expensive, and since most of the barrel is hollow it would take an awfully long time at the lathe producing bin loads of swarf.

The sensible thing to do, from both a machining time and cost viewpoint is to select suitable tubestock, and design the barrel from available stock tube outside diameters and wall thicknesses.

Brass tubes are not always compatible so some barstock maybe required, but it can be kept to a minimum.

Turning screw threads is awkward so a design that relies on good fits and soldered parts makes the machinist’s job simpler.

Finished parts can be fastened together using hidden compression rings & circlips (not shown).

CZ121 tube & barstock costed @ £43.48 inc VAT. Compared to £83.19 inc VAT for 3” round x 6” length.

Alternative is scrap brass pipe & fittings.

Page 40: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 41: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 42: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 43: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 44: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Page 45: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

prepping 2".75 OD x 4" length brass barstock for use as mandrel, held in 3 jaw scroll chuck & live centre

Page 46: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

turning down 2".75 OD x 4" length barstock to ID of 2".5 OD x 16swg tube for use as mandrel

Page 47: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

2".5 OD x 16swg tube mounted on mandrel & turned to exact length 2".768

Page 48: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

enlarging pilot hole

Page 49: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

boring out barstock to 2".010 ID using single point tool

Page 50: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

hard soldering 2".365 OD sleeve to 1"5 x 1/4" wall tubestock

Page 51: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Paul Schofield - the happy solderer

Page 52: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

the finished solderment normalising

Page 53: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

solderment mounted in 3 jaw scroll chuck

Page 54: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

solderment trued up and being faced off with parting tool

Page 55: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

2".0 OD x 16swg tube mounted on mandrel & held against a drill chuck in the tailstock

Page 56: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

2".0 OD x 16swg tube held on mandrel being parted off at one end

Page 57: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

2".0 OD x 16swg tube sleeve being dressed up to shoulder

Page 58: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

turning makeup piece from Dural bar, the 2".0 ODx 16 swg sleeve has been driven into it prior to parting off so as to ensure the brass tube and the makeup piece were dead concentric

Page 59: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

a very delicate operation - counterboring the body tube to 2".382 ID using a single point boring bar. Overhang causes the tool to chatter if the cuts are more than a few thou deep. The tolerance is only a thou. The ID was checked at the end of each run, the runs were driven by the leadscrew to obtain the best surface finish.

Page 60: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

body tube trapped on mandrel by masking tape and held on a dead centre, the OD dressed using a chisel point tool

Page 61: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

dressing the body tube OD - tool lubricated with mineral oil

Page 62: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

dressing the body tube OD applying mineral oil to obtain a smooth surface finish

Page 63: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

body tube after polishing with emery paper down to 2500 grade - note the mirror finish

Page 64: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

parting 0".864 length of 2".5 OD x 16swg tube trapped on mandrel using masking tape

Page 65: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

boring out the trapping circlip

Page 66: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

parting off trapping circlip held on live centre to prevent chattering

Page 67: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

parting off trapping circlip

Page 68: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

parting off field stop spacer to 0".1825 length

Page 69: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

dressing field stop spacer to 2".382 OD exactly, mounted on mandrel to ensure concentricity

Page 70: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

parting off eye lens retaining cap

Page 71: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Modified Huygenian mechanical components prior to finishing

Page 72: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

Modified Huygenian mechanical components after finishing

Page 73: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

lens edges painted matt black

Page 74: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

assembled eyepiece

Page 75: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

LOW POWER HUYGENIANConstructing a Huygenian eyepiece

field lens & field stop

Page 76: Low power Huygenian Designing & making a low power Huygenian eyepiece for a classical achromatic refractor constructing a simple low power Huygenian eyepiece

The Achromatic Refractor


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