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CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
A. Background
Respiration organic food molecules are oxidized and these exergonic oxidation reactions
are coupled with the synthesis of ATP, an endergonic reaction. The ATP is then used to drive
the metabolic reactions necessary to maintain the organisms physical integrity and to support
all its other activities.
The cytoplasm of all cells contains the enzymes needed in the ancient central pathway
of glycolysis, in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy
released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in
which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP.
In many organisms, respiration can occur under anaerobic conditions where no oxygen
is present. Many bacteria, yeast, and animals ferment glucose, producing lactate or ethanol.
During fermentation reactions, hydrogens are removed from glucose, passed to the electron
carrier NAD+ (forming NADH), and then on to pyruvic acid (the end product of glycolysis),
converting it to lactate or ethanol. Concurrently, the NADH is oxidized to NAD+,
reconstituting the NAD+pool required for glycolysis. Fermentation allows cells to make ATP
in the absence of oxygen. Cells metabolizing glucose by fermentation harvest only about 5%of the available energy in glucose, however.
Most organisms use molecular oxygen in a process called cellular respiration. In this
series of reactions, the glucose molecule is completely disassembled to yield CO2 and H2O.
The process begins with glycolysis; the end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, enters the
mitochondrion where it is further metabolized.
As far as we know, there are much factors that can influenced the respiration process.
That is temperate, light, the water content , the type and age of plant, O2 levels in the air, availability
of substrate or other factors.
In the plant physiology laboratory will be carrying out a series of experiments that will
demonstrate several aspects of respiration including the release of carbon dioxide as a product
of respiration and this experiment obtained to known the influence of temperature on the
sprout respiration rate.
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B. State the Problem
From the background above, obtained state the problem :
1. How does the influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate?
C. Objective
From the state the problem above, obtained objective :
1. Known the influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate.
D. Advantages
From the background above, obtained advantages :
1. In the plant physiology experiments on respiration we can observe and know the
influences that affect the rate of respiration in sprout. In this experiment, factors that
affect the speed of respiration is temperature.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
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In physiology, respiration (often mistaken with breathing) is defined as the transport of
oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the
opposite direction. This is in contrast to the biochemical definition of respiration, which refers to
cellular respiration: the metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy by reacting
oxygen with glucose to give water, carbon dioxide and ATP (energy). In plants, respiration occurs
in the cell cytoplasm and especially in mitochondria. Following the structure of mitochondria:
Figure 1. Structures of mitochondria.
Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in
animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the animal,
while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport of metabolites between the
organism and the external environment. In unicellular organisms, simple diffusion is sufficient for
gas exchange: every cell is constantly bathed in the external environment, with only a short
distance for gases to flow across. In contrast, complex multicellular animals such as humans have a
much greater distance between the environment and their innermost cells, thus, a respiratory
system is needed for effective gas exchange.
A. Respiration
Cellular respiration, also known as 'oxidative metabolism', is one of the key ways useful
cells get energy. This is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in
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organisms' cells to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
and then release waste products. Reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions that
involve the oxidation of one molecule and the reduction of another.
Nutrients commonly used by animal cells and plant in respiration include glucose, amino
acids and fatty acids, and a common oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) is molecular oxygen (O2).
Bacteria and archaea can also lithotrophs and these organisms may respire using a range of
inorganic molecules as electron donors and acceptors, such as sulfur, metal ions, methane or
hydrogen. Organisms that use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in respiration are described as
aerobic, while those that are not referred to as anaerobic.
The energy released in respiration is used to synthesize ATP to store this energy. The
energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis,
movement or transport of molecules across the cell membrane.
Judging from his need for oxygen, respiration can be divided into aerobic respiration is
respiration that uses oxygen to get energy independent and anaerobic respiration or fermentation
process usually called ie respiration does not use oxygen but his material is as carbohydrates, fatty
acids, amino acids so that the results respiration in the form of carbon dioxide, water and energy in
the form of ATP.
Carbohydrates are the main respiratory substrate contained in the cells of higher plants.
There are several other important respiratory substrates such as some types of sugars such as
glucose, fructose, and sucrose; starch; organic acids, and proteins (used in certain circumstances
and species). In general, the respiration of carbohydrates can be written as follows: C6H12O6 +
O2 6CO2 + H2O + energy. Reaction equation above is a summary of the reactions that occur in the
process of respiration.
B. Benefits of respiration
Respiration provides many benefits to plants. The benefits can be seen in the process of
respiration in which the process of solving organic compounds, the process of solving the
dihasilkanlah compounds between important as the "Building Block". Building Block is an
important compounds as a body shaper. These compounds include amino acids for protein;
nucleotides for nucleic acids, and carbon precursor for profirin pigments (such as chlorophyll and
cytochromes), lipids, sterols, carotenoids, flavonoids such as anthocyanin pigments, and certain
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other aromatic compounds, such as lignin. It is known that the end result of respiration is CO2 and
H2O, this occurs when the substrate is completely oxidized, but when the various compounds in the
form, initial substrate respiration was not entirely converted into CO2 and H2O. Only a few
substrates respiration completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O, while the rest is used in anabolic
processes, particularly in the growing cells. While the captured energy from oxidation perfect some
compounds in the process of respiration can be used to synthesize other molecules needed for
growth.
C. Reaction of respiration
In the process of respiration between CO2 produced compounds which are the basis of the
process of anabolism. In the process of the fuel cell respiration is hexose sugars. Combustion
requires oxygen-free, so that the overall reaction can be written as follows:
C 6 h 12 O 6 + 6 CO 2 ------ 6 CO 2 + 6H 2 O + 675 cal
In aerobic respiration. Hexose sugars undergo demolition with a very long process. First
glucose as a base material having fosfolarisasi, namely the addition of phosphate to the molecule -
a molecule of glucose to fructose -1, 6 - diphosphate. On phosphorylation, ATP and ADP
memgang role as phosphate filler. The conversion of fructose - 1, 6 - dipospat and finally to CO2
and H2O can be divided into four stages, namely glycolysis, the reaction between (oxidative
decarboxylation), Krebs cycle, and electron transfer.
Figure 2. Respiration process
D. Aerobic Respiration
1. Glycolysis
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Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is found in the cytoplasm of cells in all living
organisms and anaerobic (ie, oxygen is not required). The process converts one molecule of
glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, and makes energy in the form of two net molecules
of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose produced real, but the two are consumed for
the preparatory phase. Initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to destabilize the
molecule for cleavage into two triose sugars. During the pay-off phase of glycolysis, four
phosphate groups are transferred to ADP by substrate level phosphorylation to make four
ATP, and two NADH are produced when the triose sugars oxidized. The whole reaction
can be expressed in this way:
Glucose + 2NAD + + 2Pi + 2ADP 2pyruvate+ 2NADH + 2ATP + 2H+ + 2H2O
Figure 3. Glycolysis mechanisms
2. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dfaktor%2Byang%2Bmempengaruhi%2Bkecepatan%2Brespirasi%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DyZf%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate&usg=ALkJrhjJNYiKMZls9Dusoik7NhP1H1obzghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dfaktor%2Byang%2Bmempengaruhi%2Bkecepatan%2Brespirasi%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DyZf%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate&usg=ALkJrhjJNYiKMZls9Dusoik7NhP1H1obzghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dfaktor%2Byang%2Bmempengaruhi%2Bkecepatan%2Brespirasi%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DyZf%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26prmd%3Dimvns&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate&usg=ALkJrhjJNYiKMZls9Dusoik7NhP1H1obzg7/31/2019 LP.6 fistum
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group of enzymes-many copies of each of the three enzymes located in the mitochondria of
eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes. In the process one molecule of NADH is
formed per pyruvate oxidized, and 3 moles of ATP formed for each mole of pyruvate. This
step is also known as the link reaction, such as links glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs cycle)
Citric Acid Cycle also called the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. When
oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA generated from pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis.
Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to
the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule
will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then
enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and will be
oxidized to CO2, while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by
the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation.
Fully oxidize the equivalent of one glucose molecule, two acetyl-CoA must be metabolized
by the Krebs cycle. Two waste products, H2O and CO2, created during this cycle.
Citric acid cycle is an 8-step process that involves the enzyme from 8. Throughout
the cycle, acetyl-CoA will turn into citrate, isositrat, -ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA,
succinate, Fumarate, malate, and finally, oxaloacetate. Obtain clean energy from one cycle
is 3 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 ATP. Thus, the total amount of energy the entire proceeds
from one molecule of glucose (2 pyruvate molecules) is 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 2 ATP.
4. Electron transport system
In the electron transport system lasted packing energy from glucose to ATP.
This reaction occurs in the mitochondria membrane, hydrogen from the Krebs cycle is
incorporated in FADH2 and NADH converted into electron and protons.
In this electron transport system, oxygen is the last electron acceptor, after receivingelectrons, O2 reacts with H + to form H2 O. This system produced 34 ATP.
E. Anaerobic Respiration
If there is no oxygen, the cells do not possess the alternative electron acceptor to produce
ATP, so forced electrons derived from glycolysis is transported by organic compounds, a process
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called fermentation.
Figure 4. Fermentation of pyruvate to form ethanol or lactic acid
Alcoholic fermentation by yeast group by releasing CO2 from pyruvate through
decarboxylation and produces two molecules of carbon, acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde then accept
electrons from NADH so that turned into ethanol. Alcoholic fermentation carried out by plants.
Lactic acid fermentation by animal cells by transferring electrons from NADH back to pyruvate to
produce lactic acid that causes fatigue.
F. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
Regarding these factors can be distinguished, namely:
1. Factor in the cell itself (Internal).
Factors affecting respiration in cells there are 4 kinds of, among others, the number in the
cell plasma. Tissues of young meristematis where s e l-cells are filled with plasmas typically have a
respiratory rate greater than the networks where the number of older plasma is less. Various kinds
and number of respiratory enzymes present in the plasma. Number subtarat respiration in cells.
2. Factors outside the cell (External).
a) Temperature.
In general, within the increase of temperature rise also increases respiration rate. In this
case, the time factor has a great influence. On the influence of the time factor that causes a
reduction in the effective temperature increases respiration rate yet known with certainty. But
this is the suspect for several reasons which include, inactivate the enzyme. At high
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temperatures the cells can not get enough air to be able to maintain the pace of respiration. At
high temperatures the possibility of accumulation of CO2 in the cells to some degree inhibit
respiration rate further.
When the temperature drops to below 6oC then the reaction rate will decrease until it stops.
This drop in temperature among others, will also cause the enzymes occur inactive.
b) Availability of substrate.
Respiration rate of reaction would depend on the availability of substrate, ie compounds
that will be parsed through separate chain. Tumbuha n fructans have a reserve starch and lower
sugar content will show a low rate of respiration as well. If starvasi (deficiency reserve food) in
plants severe, it can also be oxidized proteins. These proteins in hidrolosis into its constituent
amino acids, which are then explained to the reactions of glycolytic and Krebs cycle.
When the leaves begin to turn yellow, then most of the protein and nitrogen-containing
compounds will decompose to chloroplasts. Ammonium ions are freed from the decomposition
will be used in the synthesis of glutamine and asparagine. This will prevent plants from
ammonium toxicity.
c) O2 levels in the air.
O2 levels in the atmosphere influence the respiration rate will vary depending on the Kinds
of networks. But even so the higher levels of O2 in the atmosphere, the higher the speed
respirasinya. But keep in mind that most of the variation of atmospheric O2 levels are too small
to have a significant effect on the respiration rate. Usually if the changes in levels of atmospheric
O2 is less than 5% of atmospheric O2 levels are usually the influence of respiration rate is small
(can be ignored).
d) The type and age of plant.
Because of morphological differences between the various types of plants, then there is also
the difference between plant respiration rate. Meristematic tissue also showed a higher
respiration rate than older plants.
Age of plants will affect the rate respirasinya. High respiration rate during germination and
remained high at early vegetative growth pase (where the growth rate is high) and then falls with
increasing plant age.
e) The water content
In general, with increasing water content in tissue respiration rate will also increase. It
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seems clear that the seeds germinated
f) Light
The effect of light on the respiration rate is also generally indirectly. In networks that
chlorophyll of plant the light can improve respiration. This is because the light effect on the
availability of substrate respiration resulting from the process of photosynthesis. In addition, due
to the temperature of the light organs would mennigkat than otherwise because of radiation. The
rise in temperature will affect the speed of respiration.
g) Injuries
There his injuries at the plant tissues can cause increased respiration. This is because the
sugar levels in the near surface of the piece will increase rather than in cells far away into so this
means it will add a lot more respiratory substrate so it can go faster.
h) Mechanical influences
Mechanical actions required in the organs of plants such as by bending or wiggle the
organs of plants could increase the speed of respiration in that organ. H intervening acts
mechanically on the respiration rate is mainly on aerobic respiration. The increase in respiration
rate this sometimes can be up to 100% or more.
CHAPTER III
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
A. Kinds of Research
This research using experimental method, because there are several variables in it, such as
manipulated variables, control variables and the response variable. In this experiment, that
will examined by research is the influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate.
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B. Variable :
Manipulated variable : Temerature.
Response variable : The speed, amount of CO2 that released
Control variable :- Weight of plant (been sprout)
- Kind of plant (been sprout)
- Volume concentration of NaOH, BaCl2
- Volume of HCl titration.
C. Tools and Materials:
Tools : Materials :- Erlenmeyer 250 mL (6 pieces ).
- Plastic wrapper
- Rope- Gauze
- Balance scales
- Incubator
- Pippete
- Buret
- Been sprout
- NaOH solution 0,5 M and HCL 0,5 N
- BaCl2 Solution0,5 N- Phenolftalin solution (PP)
D. Procedure :
1. Prepared tools and materials that needed in this experiment.
2. Prepare 6 pieces erlenmayer then filled each erlenmeyer with 30 mL of 0.5 M NaOH
solution.
3. Weighing 5 grams of sprouts where provided then wrap with gauze and tied with a
rope. Two samples place in the room temperature and 2 samples for the temperature
inside the incubator.
4. Inserting into the erlenmayer and draped the sprouts above NaOH solution with the
help of another rope, then sealed the bottles with plastic.
5. Saving 2 bottles containing sprouts and 1 bottle without bean sprouts (control)
respectively each bottles placed in the placed that has room temperature, the other in an
incubator that the temperature is 37 C.
6. Doing titration after 24 hours to determine the amount of CO2 that released during
sprouts respiration.
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7. Taking 5 mL of NaOH solution inside the bottle, put in erlenmayer. Then add 2.5 mL
of BaCl2 and drops with to 2 drops of PP so that the solution is red. Furthermore
titrating the solution with HCl 0.5 N. Stop the titration after red colour right away.
CHAPTER IV
RESULT, ANALYSIS, DISCUSSION
A. Observation Result
Influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate can be seen in this table.
Table 1. The influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate.
Temperature TreatmentVolume of
HCL (mL)
Volume of CO2
that released
(mL)
Average
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28oC
(Room
Temperature)
Control there isnt sprout (A)
There is sprout (B)
There is sprout (C)
2,1
1
1
17,4
24
24
17,4
24
24
37oC
(Inkubator)
Control there isnt sprout (A)
There is sprout (B)
There is sprout (C)
2,3
0,9
0,6
16,2
24,6
26,4
16,2
25,5
25,5
The way to calculate of CO2 that released by using this calculation
5 mL NaOH Volume HCl Titration Volume : N
N x 8 0 : mL
5
Graph 1. Histogram of the influence of temperature on the sprout respiration rate.
B. Analysis
Based on the result observation graph or histogram, it shows that there is different
respirationrate between Erlenmeyer that shows as contolled and the Erlenmeyer that filled by
mung been sprout at a temperature of 37oC inside the incubator. At first as a control
erlenmeyer that contained 0.5 M NaOH(colourless) obtained to white turbid solution (+) when
added with 0.5 M BaCl2 (no color), after adding phenolftelin (PP) are obtained colored
solution turbid red (+), that colour be able to change into the pink solution then became
colorless solution by conduct titration of 2,3 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color). Addition of HCl
indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that released in that
erlenmeyer is 16,2 mL.
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In the second erlenmeyer where placed in the incubator there are sprouts that gained
above 0.5 M NaOH solution (colorless), when added by 0.5 M BaCl 2(no color) the colour
change to be white turbid solution (+ +), then after adding phenolftelin (PP) are obtained a
colour solution cloudy pink (+ +), that colour be able to change into the pink solution then
became colorless solution by conduct titration of 0,9 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color). Addition of
HCl indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that released in that
erlenmeyer is 24,6 mL.
In the third erlemeyer where placed in the incubator there are sprouts that gained above
0.5 M NaOH solution (colorless), when added by 0.5 M BaCl2 added (no color) the colour
change to be white turbid solution (+ +), then after adding phenolftelin (PP) are obtained a
solution cloudy pink (+ +), that colour be able to change into the pink solution then became
colorless solution by conduvt titration of 0,6 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color). Addition of HCl
indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that released in that
erlenmeyer is 26,4 mL.
On the erlenmeyer where placed in the room temperature (28oC) at first as a control
erlenmeyer that contained 0.5 M NaOH(colourless) obtained to white turbid solution (+) when
added with 0.5 M BaCl2 (no color), after adding phenolftelin (PP) are obtained colored
solution pink turbid (+), that colour be able became colorless solution by conduct titration of
2,1 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color). Addition of HCl may indicate the number of CO 2 bound by
NaOH. Addition of HCl indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that
released in that erlenmeyer is 17,4 mL.
At the second erlenmeyer where placed in the room temperature there are sprouts that
gained above 0.5 M NaOH solution (colorless), when added by 0.5 M BaCl 2(no color) the
colour change to be white turbid solution (+ +), then after adding phenolftelin (PP) are
obtained a colour solution pink turbid (+ +), that colour be able to change into the pink
solution then became colorless solution by conduct titration of 1 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color).
Addition of HCl indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that
released in that erlenmeyer is 24 mL.
In the third erlemeyer where placed in the room temperature there are sprouts that
gained above 0.5 M NaOH solution (colorless), when added by 0.5 M BaCl 2 added (no color)
the colour change to be white turbid solution (+ +), then after adding phenolftelin (PP) are
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obtained a solution pink turbid (+ +), that colour be able to change into the pink solution then
became colorless solution by conduvt titration of 1 mL HCl 0.5 M (no color). Addition of HCl
indicate the number of CO2 bound by NaOH. The volume of CO2 that released in that
erlenmeyer is 24 mL. The amount of CO2 that released in erlenmeyer C same with in
erlenmeyer B where placed in the room temperature .
C. Discussion
Based on the analysis above, it can be seen that temperature affects the amount of CO 2
released from respiration process sprouts, where the incubator temperature (370C) the results
obtained by the volume of CO2 respiration is greater than at room temperature. This is because
in the incubator temperature, the temperature is kept constant state (stable), where the
temperature constant (stable) the enzyme would be optimal without damage. As we know that
the process of respiration involves the action of various enzymes. Because the enzyme does
not damage the enzyme will accelerate the conversion of glucose to carbon dioxide. Therefore,
the CO2 released from sprouts respiration larger. In addition, at higher temperatures the
volume of CO2 will be more bound by NaOH so that the levels of CO2 are released bigger.
Sprouts were placed in gauze hanging in Erlenmeyer which there NaOH. NaOH
solution serves to bind the CO2 gas which produced by the process of respiration. Then a
solution of NaOH is added in BaCl2, it will caused the turning solution to be cloudy white
colored solution, the more turbid the solution, in the higher respiration process. Then when
add by phenolftelin (PP), and doing titration with HCl solution until the pink muddy color was
turns into a colorless, it serves to determine amount of CO2 were released.
The chemical reaction that takes place is as follows:
When NaOH taken from erlenmeyer get the reaction bellow
When NOH added with BaCl2 get the reaction bellow
When added by PP solution and conduct titration using HCl get the reaction bellow
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Although NaOH binding CO2 which respiration results. But not at all CO2 could
be bound by NaOH. NaOH is which not binding CO2 is cant be reacted with BaCl2 and
produce Ba(OH)2 which colorless. Then Ba(OH)2 was tested with PP solution, changing color
into the red colour. The red color indicates that the Ba(OH) 2 alkaline. When Ba(OH)2 5 ml was
titrated by HCl will produces BaCl2 with changing colour indication which originally
Ba(OH)2 is red turned into a translucent red (red color right is lost). At the time of the red
color that's missing right can be calculated as much as the volume of HCl required to penetrate
Ba(OH)2. The volume of HCl is proportional to the volume of NaOH which not binding CO2,
so the volume of NaOH that can binding CO2can be known by the volume of HCL.
At room temperature (280C) the volume of CO2 sprouts respiration results lower than
in incubation temperature (370C). This is because in the lower temperature, the enzyme
reaction was not optimal, resulting in the conversion of glucose to CO 2 more slowly so that the
volume of CO2 released from respiration process just a little. In addition, at lower
temperature, the volume of CO2 will be less bound by NaOH so that the CO2 released from
respiration process smaller.
Controls in this experiment is the only Erlenmeyer filled with NaOH without sprouts,
it shows a lower value of respiration. In Erlenmeyer without sprouts is suspectedmicroorganisms perform respiration, because during practice all the tools that are used are not
sterilized. Another reason why there is sprouts respiration in NaOH where filled by sprouts
faster and produced more CO2 than the NaOH which not filled by sprouts, this is because the
respiration is also affected by the substrate for oxidation in the metabolism respiratoris.
Generally the substrate for respiration is the substance buried in the relative amounts of many
metabolic processes and involves a series of enzymatic reactions that involve the enzyme, the
rate of respiration in the existing Erlenmeyer also affected by the enzymes contained in the
sprouts and the enzyme will increase when the temperature is high but if the temperature is too
high will also damage the enzyme. While Erlenmeyer tubes containing only NaOH that
respiration is slow and only produced just a little CO2. This is because there arent enzymatic
process there.
Based on the analysis above, the experiments on the plant physiology laboratory of
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plant respiration can be discussed, the sprouts are used in this experiment from mung bean
sprouts 2 days old, this is because the sprouts are as young as 2 days is still active in
metabolism, so the energy that get can be used in the growth process. In addition, the sprouts
at the age of 2 days has cotyledons which the food reserve storage form of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are then used for the process of respiration, so most of the carbohydrate is lost
as long as the respiration process.
CHAPTER V
CLOSING
A. Conclussion
Based on the experiment above, obtained conclussions that
Temperature affects the rate of respiration
At higher temperatures, respiration rate will run faster. But at smaller temperatures,
respiration rate will not run faster.
Because in respiration there is enzymatic reaction that involves many enzymes
work, then there is an optimum temperature so that the enzyme works optimally.
Above the optimum temperature respiration rate will not run faster because the enzyme
is damaged. Respiration on germination occurs faster at higher temperatures. The more
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CO2 is released, the faster the process of respiration.
BIBLIOGRAPH
Bennett, T. P., and Frieden, E.:Modern Topics in Biochemistry,pg. 43-45, Macmillan,
London (1969).
Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006).Biology: Exploring Life. Boston,
Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall.ISBN0-13-250882-6.
Martinek, R.: Practical Clinical Enzymology:J. Am. Med. Tech., 31, 162 (1969).
Salisbury, F. B. & Ross, C. W. 1992. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing co, California.
Attachment
http://www.phschool.com/el_marketing.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-250882-6http://www.phschool.com/el_marketing.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-250882-67/31/2019 LP.6 fistum
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