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Lunar Regolith Protection System
Dalhousie UniversityMechanical Engineering
MECH 4020Team #3
Problem Definition• Design an apparatus or system to
protect Light Detection and Ranging System (LIDAR) instrument from regolith
• Improve upon Phoenix design• Design must function in a lunar
environment
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #2
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Fall Semester DesignLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009 Slide #3
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Final conceptual design as of December ‘08
Final DesignLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #4
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Improvements made to December ‘08 design
Adjustable BracketsLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #5
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Allow for fine-tuning of SMA orientation before the range of motion becomes consistent
• Final dimensions of SMA’s would be used
• Fasteners eliminated from actual model
LidLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #6
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Lid profiles unchanged• Additional lip on minor lid to prevent dust
from infiltrating seam
BaseLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #7
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Male mating surface along rim for accurate seating of lids
• SMA attachment moved to base plate
Active Protection System
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #8
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Charged particles are attracted to the capacitor plates and will not interfere with LIDAR operation
• Testing demonstrated that 100% of charged particles are collected
Testing: Active Protection System
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #9
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
• Capacitor mock-up in Styrofoam block
• Arcing caused by plates being too close
• Nitinol (NiTi) actuator alloy
• Transformation Temperature: 40oC
SMA HingeLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #10
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
SMA HingeLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #11
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Thin-film Heaters Final Dies
Testing:SMA Hinge
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #12
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
SMA Wire Small SMA Strips
Testing:SMA Bowing
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #13
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Passive Strip
Active Strips
Clamping Bars
Complete SystemLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #14
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Complete SystemLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #15
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
System PerformanceLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #16
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Parameter
Active System Power Requirement 0.5 W-SS 1.0 W-Peak
SMA Hinge Power Requirement 20 W
Consistent Range of Motion 75 degrees
Opening Time Approx. 20 s
Closing Time Approx. 20 s
Minimum Cycle Time 10 min
SMA Transition Temperature Approx. 40 deg C
Max. Operational SMA Temperature (8.5W/in2) 80 deg C
Particle Infiltration Trace
System PerformanceLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #17
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
20
40
60
80
100
120
Actuator Temp vs Time
5.8 W/in^28.5 W/in^210 W/in^2
Time since Activation (s)
Actu
ator
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
• Power requirements• Lid mating and range of motion
LimitationsLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #18
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
20
40
60
80
100
120Lid Range of Motion vs Cycle
Cycle Number
Rang
e of
Moti
on (d
egre
es)
BudgetLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #19
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Expense CostSMA Strips $280
Thin-film Heaters $640
Power Supply $80
Teflon $120
Rapid Prototyping $290
Miscellaneous (hardware, wiring, etc.) $30
TOTAL EXPENSES $1440
BUDGET $1450
RequirementsLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #20
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Constraints Met?Withstand extreme thermal conditions
Withstand high radiation environment
Must not rely on gravity
No unvented cavities
Must not interfere with LIDAR operation
RequirementsLunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #21
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Criteria Met?Minimize power requirements
Minimize weight and size
Last at least 3 months in lunar environment
Minimal regolith accumulation on instrument
Conclusions• Complexity of lunar
environment• Multi-layered solutions are
critical for dust protection• Design strengths– SMA hinge – Lid geometry– Active protection
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #22
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Acknowledgements• Dr. Andrew Warkentin• Dr. Marie-Josée Potvin• Dr. Julio Militzer• Dalhousie University
Mechanical Engineering Department
• Shell Canada
LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #23
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions
Questions?LunarRegolithProtection System
Team #3Apr 8 2009Slide #24
Problem DefinitionFall ‘08 DesignFinal DesignAdjustable BracketsLid and BaseActive Protection
SystemSMA HingeComplete DesignPerformanceLimitationsBudgetRequirementsConclusions