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MacromoleculesCarbohydrates
We’re livin’ the sweet life!
The Role of Carbon
• Carbon atoms bond with other carbon atoms to form covalent bonds.
• When carbon bonds by sharing 1 electron it is a single bond
The Role of Carbon
• When carbon bonds by sharing 2 electrons it forms a double bond
The Role of Carbon
• When carbon atoms bond by sharing 3 electrons, it is a triple bond
The Role of Carbon
• Carbons can bond together to form long chains
The Role of Carbon
• Branched chains
The Role of Carbon
• Ring Structures
Carbohydrate• The name
"carbohydrate" tells you about the elements found in these macromolecules.
• "Carbo" refers to carbon,
• "hydrate" refers to water,
• The three major types of atoms in carbohydrates are C, H, O. ( C H 2 O )
Carbohydrate
• Simple sugars are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
• As a rule, carbohydrates end in the letters “ose”.
• Examples: glucose, fructose, and lactose
Carbohydrate
• Simple sugars are used as sources of energy for almost all organisms.
Carbohydrate
• Simple sugars composed of one sugar are called monosaccarides
• Simple sugars made of two sugars are called disaccarides.
Fructose
Sucrose
Carbohydrate• Through synthesis reactions, many simple sugars can bond together to build complex carbohydrates.
• These are called polysacharides
• Examples are starch (food storage in plants), glycogen (food storage in mammals) and plant cellulose (component of plant cell walls)
Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate
• Benedict’s solution can be used to detect the presence of simple sugars in solution
• The solution changes from blue to orange
Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate
• Iodine is used to test for the presence of complex carbohydrates or starch
• It will turn bluish-black in the presence of starch