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asyndeton (-snd-tn) n.The omission of conjunctions from
constructions in which they would normally be used, as in "Are all
thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils,/Shrunk to this little
measure?" Shakespeare.
[Late Latin, from Greek asundeton, from neuter of asundetos,
without conjunctions : a-, not; see a-1 + sundetos, bound together
(from sundein, to bind together : sun-, syn- + dein, to bind).]
asyndetic (s
INCLUDEPICTURE "cid:[email protected]" \*
MERGEFORMATINET n-dt
INCLUDEPICTURE "cid:[email protected]" \*
MERGEFORMATINET k) adj.asyndetically adv.Adj.1.asyndetic - lacking
conjunctions
grammar - the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and
morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)
syndetic - connected by a conjunction
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in
2003. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights
reserved.
Asyndeton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asyndeton is a stylistic scheme in which conjunctions are
deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. Examples are
veni, vidi, vici and its English translation "I came, I saw, I
conquered." Its use can have the effect of speeding up the rhythm
of a passage and making a single idea more memorable. More
generally, in grammar, an asyndetic coordination is a type of
coordination in which no coordinating conjunction is present
between the conjuncts.
Aristotle wrote in his Rhetoric that this device was more
effective in spoken oratories than in written prose:
"Thus strings of unconnected words, and constant repetitions of
words and phrases, are very properly condemned in written speeches:
but not in spoken speeches speakers use them freely, for they have
a dramatic effect. In this repetition there must be variety of
tone, paving the way, as it were, to dramatic effect; e.g. 'This is
the villain among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant
to betray you completely.'" Aristotle, Rhetoric, Book III, Chapter
12 (trans. W. Rhys Roberts).
Aristotle also believed that asyndeton can be used effectively
in endings of works, and he himself employs the device in the final
passage of the Rhetoric:
"For the conclusion, the disconnected style of language is
appropriate, and will mark the difference between the oration and
the peroration. 'I have done. You have heard me. The facts are
before you. I ask for your judgement.'" Aristotle, Rhetoric, Book
III, Chapter 19 (trans. W. Rhys Roberts).
Several notable examples can be found in American political
speeches:
"...and that government of the people, by the people, for the
people shall not perish from the earth." Abraham Lincoln,
Gettysburg Address
"...that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any
hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival
and the success of liberty." John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address,
January 20, 1961.
The US Declaration of Independence includes an example of
asyndeton, referring to the British:
"We must... hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies
in War, in Peace Friends."
This quotation is also an example of chiasmus.
Asyndeton may be contrasted with syndeton (syndetic
coordination) and polysyndeton, which describe the use of one or
multiple coordinating conjunctions, respectively.
Asyndeton (a-SIN-deh-tawn): Figure of omission in which normally
occurring conjunctions (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet) are
intentionally omitted in successive phrases, or clauses; a string
of words not separated by normally occurring conjunctions.
Asyndetic, Privative Adjectives
Compiled by Michael Gilleland
"Asyndetic" means not joined by conjunctions, and "privative"
means altering the meaning of a term from positive to negative, by
means of a prefix (e.g. a-, non-, un) or suffix (e.g. -less). An
example of a series of asyndetic, privative adjectives in English
is John Milton, Paradise Lost 2.185: Unrespited, unpitied,
unreprieved.
I am grateful to correspondents who have helped to compile the
following list.
Greek Examples
Aeschylus
Agamemnon 412: Not honored, not reviling ( )
Agamemnon 768-769: Irresistible, unconquerable, unholy ( )
Eumenides 565: Unwept, unseen ( )
Libation Bearers 55: Invincible, irresistible, unconquerable (
)
Persians 855-856: Guileless, disinclined to fight ( / )
Persians 862: Without toil, without suffering ( )
Suppliant Women 853: Without honor, without a city ( )
Aristophanes
Frogs 204 (tr. anon.): With no experience, no seamanship, no
Salamis ( )
Frogs 838: Without bridle, without restraint, without bar (
)
Arrian
Discourses of Epictetus 3.3.10: Unhindered, unconstrained,
unentangled ( )
Bacchylides
19.23: Without bed, without sleep ( )
Demosthenes
9.40: Useless, unprofitable, unavailing ( )
25.52 (tr. J.H. Vince): Implacable, restless, unsociable ( )
Euripides
Andromache 491: Godless, lawless, graceless ( )
Hecuba 669: Without a child, without a husband, without a city (
)
Helen 689: Unmarried, childless ( )
Helen 1148: Faithless, unjust, godless ( )
Hippolytus 1027-1028: Without fame, without a name, without a
city, without a home ( )
Hypsipyle, fr. 752h.18: Without a city, without a guide ( )
Iphigenia Among the Taurians 220: Unmarried, without a child,
without a city, without a friend ( )
Orestes 205-206: Unmarried, childless ( / [ '] ) 206 ' L: rell.:
secl. Wilamowitz, e irrepsisse ratus
Orestes 310: Without a brother, without a father, without a
friend ( )
Phoenician Women 1634: Unmourned, unburied ( )
Suppliant Women 966: Without a son, without a child ( )
Trojan Women 1186: Without a city, without a child ( )
Gorgias
Palamedes 36: Godless, unjust, unlawful ( )
Herodotus
1.32.6: Unmaimed is he, without disease, without suffering evils
( , , )
Homer
Iliad 9.63 (tr. A.T. Murray): Clanless, lawless, hearthless (
)
Iliad 13.37: Not to be broken, not to be loosened ( )
Iliad 22.386 Unmourned, unburied ( )
Odyssey 1.242: Unseen, unknown ( )
Odyssey 4.788: Fasting, not tasting food or drink ( )
Odyssey 11.72 Unmourned, unburied ( )
Homeric Hymns
To Demeter 200: Not smiling, fasting, not tasting food or drink
( )
[Pseudo-] Lucian
Philopatris 13 (tr. M.D. MacLeod) Imperishable, invisible,
incomprehensible .
New Testament
Romans 1.30-31: Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud,
boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, Without
understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection,
implacable, unmerciful. (, , , , , , , , , , .)
1 Timothy 1.17: Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible,
the only wise God, be honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen. ( ,
, , , .)
1 Timothy 3.3: Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of
filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous. ( , , , ,
.)
1 Timothy 6.14: That thou keep this commandment without spot,
unrebukeable, until the appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ. (
.)
2 Timothy 3.2-3: For men shall be lovers of their own selves,
covetous, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents,
unthankful, unholy, Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false
accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good. (
, , , , , , , , , , , , , .)
Titus 3.3: For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish,
disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living
in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another. ( , , , , , ,
.)
Hebrews 7.3: Without father, without mother, without descent,
having neither beginning of days, nor end of life. (, , , .)
Hebrews 7.26: For such an high priest became us, who is holy,
harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than
the heavens. ( , , , , , .)
James 3.17: But the wisdom that is from above is first pure,
then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and
good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. ( , , , , ,
, .)
Nonnos
12.24 (tbd)
Parmenides
Fragment 8 Diels, line 17: Unthinkable, nameless ( )
Paulus Silentarius
Greek Anthology 5.268.5: He sits unmoved, unshaken ( )
Phrynicus
ap. I. Bekker, Anecdota Graeca 344.29: Unmarried, unpaired,
quick-tempered, inaccessible, not laughing, not conversing,
opinionated ( / )
ap. Pollux 3.48: Without child, without wife ( )
Sophocles
Antigone 876-877: Unwept, unloved, unwed ( )
Antigone 1071: Bereft, without funeral rites, unholy ( )
Oedipus at Colonus 130-131: Without looking, without making a
sound, without talking ( / )
Oedipus at Colonus 1220-1221: Without wedding song, without
music, without dancing ( / )
Oedipus at Colonus 1236-1237: Powerless, unsociable old age
without friends ( / )
Theopompus
ap. I. Bekker, Anecdota Graeca 401.16: Without force.
Theopompus: Without breath, without sinews, without strength,
without force ( , , , .)
Xenophon
Cyropaedia 7.5.53: Unfed, without drink, unwashed ( )
Latin Examples
Lucretius
5.223 Without speech, in need (infans indigus)
Plautus
Bacchides 612 (tr. Edward H. Sugden): Ungovernable, thoughtless
(indomito incogitato)
Bacchides 614: Unlovable, without charm (inamabilis
inlepidus)
Rudens 652: Without shame, unclean, utterly without modesty
(impudens impurus inverecundissimus)
Pliny the Younger
Letters 9.10.3: Disagreeable, unpleasant (inamabile
inamoenum)
Rhetorica ad Herennium
2.22.34: Without end, without limit (infinitae inmoderatae)
Seneca
Hercules Oetaeus 297: Unthought of, unspeakable (incogitata
infanda)
Hercules Oetaeus 1721: Idle, indolent (ignave iners)
Hercules Oetaeus 1741: Unmoved, unshaken (immotus
inconcussus)
Medea 395: Monstrous, wicked (immane impium)
Thyestes 176: Idle, indolent (ignave iners)
Tacitus
Annals 14.26: Unsullied, undefiled (intemeratus impollutus)
Velleius Paterculus
2.11.1: Insatiable, uncontrollable (insatiabilis impotens)
Vergil
Aeneid 3.658: Shapeless, unnatural (informe ingens)
English Examples
Byron
Darkness, line 71: Seasonless, herbless, treeless, manless,
lifeless.
John Clare
Song (March 3, 1847; see the end of the third line of the third
stanza):
I would not be a wither'd leafTwirled in an autumn skyMine
should not be a life so briefTo fade and fall and die
Nor would I be a wither'd flowerWhose stalk was broke beforeThe
bud showed bloom in springs young hourHeart sicken'd at the
core
But I would be a happy thoughtWith thy sweet sleep to lieAnd
live unknown, unseen, unsoughtAnd keep my lonely joy
Yes I would be a ray of lightIn the apple of thy eyeAnd watch
o'er thee the live long nightIn beauty, and in joy
Ben Jonson
Volpone, Act 3, Scene 3, line 476: Unmasked, unspirited,
undone
James Joyce
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, chap. 3: Consciousness of
place came ebbing back to him slowly over a vast tract of time
unlit, unfelt, unlived.
John Milton
Paradise Lost 2.185: Unrespited, unpitied, unreprieved
Paradise Lost 3.231: Unprevented, unimplored, unsought
Paradise Lost 3.373: Immutable, immortal, infinite
Paradise Lost 5.245: Unadmonished, unforewarned
Paradise Lost 5.670: Unworshipped, unobeyed
Paradise Lost 5.898-899: Unmoved, unshaken, unseduced,
unterrified
Paradise Lost 6.404: Unwearied, unobnoxious
Paradise Lost 10.254: Impassable, impervious
Paradise Regained 1.25: Unmarked, unknown
Paradise Regained 2.413: Unknown, unfriended
Paradise Regained 3.243: Irresolute, unhardy, unadvent'rous
Paradise Regained 3.429: Unhumbled, unrepentant, unreformed
Samson Agonistes 416-417: Ignoble, / unmanly, ignominious,
infamous
Samson Agonistes 1364: Uncircumcised, unclean
Samson Agonistes 1424: Dishonorable, impure, unworthy
Ogden Nash
The Caterpillar (see last line):
I find among the poems of SchillerNo mention of the
caterpillar,Nor can I find one anywhereIn Petrarch or Baudelaire,So
here I sit in extra sessionTo give my personal impression.The
caterpillar, as it's called,Is often hairy, seldom bald;It looks as
if it never shaves;When it walks, it walks in waves;And from the
cradle to the chrysalisIt's utterly speechless, songless,
whistleless.
Laurence Sterne
Tristram Shandy, chap. 35: Unwiped, unappointed, unannealed
.
, .
=1
20. .
...
...
, ....
....
.
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