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MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Making Tyre-Derived Materials a Commodity: A Comparison of the ASTM & CEN Standards
MICHAEL BLUMENTHAL
PRESIDENT, MARSHAY, INC.
PRESENTED TO THE NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT
JUNE 3, 2015
AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM International ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Why are Standards Necessary? ASTM standards are recognized and accepted and can be used in court
The US scrap tyre industry had a credibility problem in the early years: terms were being used without references
Buyers were concerned about differences between what was promised and what was delivered
Industry was facing many competitors whose materials had ASTM standards
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber
2 standards for ground rubber were developed in 1992
1992 was the first time that scrap tires were used as feed stock for ground rubber. Tire buffings, a byproduct of tire retreading, were the dominate material at that time.
Developed as part of an effort by the RMA & NRC to get recycled materials onto the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). The effort failed, but the industry was able to standardize terminology and testing practices.
Written by the F11 committee
The two standards have not been updated since 1992. There was an effort to update the standards 2011-2013 but there was very little input from the US ground rubber industry
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standards for Ground Rubber
D5603-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: Recycled Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber
Terminology; Sizing of particles; Sampling procedures; Testing and Density
How to run the tests to determine the size of the ground rubber
D5644-01: Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials: Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Recycled Vulcanizate Particular Rubber
This standard was developed to establish the acceptable range of sizes in any size of ground rubber (10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh, etc.)
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard on Tire Derived Fuel
D6700-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tire-Derived Fuel Developed in 1996 Written at a time when TDF was becoming more refined: effort was to get rid of the term “Nominal” which was widely used but not a well defined term
Last updated in 2012 Written by Michael Blumenthal, Mark Hope & Terry Gray
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
D6700-13
Definitions Fuel analysis Sampling Testing procedures Particle sizing In 2016 the Standard should be updated to define smaller sized TDF
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard for Asphalt Rubber
Asphalt-Rubber as defined by ASTM D4, ASTM D6114 Asphalt-Rubber is a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber and certain additives, in which the rubber component is at least 15% by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber particles
This is known as hot mix, Arizona mix or the McDonald Process Standard was developed between 1988 – 1996: The process to update this standard started in December 2014
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
D5644-01
Terminology Testing procedures Particle distribution This standard cannot be changed to include other asphalt technologies which include ground tire rubber (warm mix, terminal blend). Warm mix will be performance graded (which AR is not) and terminal blending remains patented, which disallows it from having an ASTM standard
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard: Tire Derived Aggregate
D6270-13: Standard Practice for Use of Scrap Tires in Civil Engineering Applications
Developed in 1996
Written, in part, as a result of the 2 internal heating episodes in Washington. Includes the guidelines for preventing hot spots. Since this document was written there have not been any other internal heating episodes
Written by Dr. Dana Humphrey & Michael Blumenthal
Updated in 2013
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard: Tire-Derived Aggregate
Definitions Particle size Material characteristics Construction practices Leachate Material properties MSDS
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber
F3012 - Standard Specification for Loose-Fill Rubber for Use as a Playground Safety Surface under and around Playground Equipment: ASTM Volume 15.07
Developed by Committee F08.63 and finalized in 2013, supported by efforts of ISRI & RMA
Developed as a response to market challenges (competing materials have ASTM specs) and concerns about human/environmental health concerns
The ASTM standard hasn’t reduced concerns by some of the public but does address industrial concerns
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Std: Loose Fill Playground Rubber
Terminology Performance requirements Sampling Testing Size requirements Metal & fluff content There are many non-ASTM reports on human/health issues
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard for Infill Rubber Being developed in the F08.65 subcommittee Currently has a ballot out for impact test which proposes lowering HIC & Gmax thresholds
Discussions ongoing for new test method to measure infill depths Last meeting was May 2015 Benefit of an ASTM standard is to assist industry in standardizing material, have a bench-mark for comparison and compete against other infill materials
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standard for Rubber Infill Terminology Performance requirements Sampling Testing Size requirements Metal & fluff content
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Conclusions The development of the ASTM standards for tire-derived removed an obstacle impeding the growth of markets and provides acceptable bench-marks
ASTM standards gave legitimacy to the industry
The ASTM standards place tire-derived materials on an equal level with competing materials
The sale of ground rubber remains predominately an agreement between buyer & seller; ASTM standards provide a base line reference
There remains the use of terms within the industry that are accepted and understood, but not consistent with the ASTM definitions: this still causes some confusion to outsiders
Overall, the ASTM process has been a positive factor to our industry which should continue to be supported
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN: The European Process The European Union has developed a series of “standards” for tire-derived materials: the standard setting organization is referred to as CEN
CEN TS14243 characterizes the different materials derived from end of life tires in terms of dimensions (ELT cuts, shreds, chips, granulates and powders) and impurities (steel & textile) using (EU) harmonized methods of sampling and testing. The CEN TS 14243 standards were introduced in 2008
Work is on-going in CEN TC366 to validate and expand CEN TS14243 into an EU standard and to develop standards related to certain physical, composition characteristics of the materials produced from ELTs as well as to determine general properties of whole tires as required for further processing
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Why Are EU Standards Being Updated?
The lack of standardization in the tyre recovery field is a threat for the existing markets and a barrier for accessing new ones
Without specific standards, tyre derived materials are often compared with other substitute materials, or "virgin materials", by means of improper testing methods that sometimes are not even suitable for rubber based goods‐
The development of EU standards contributes to a significant increase of the quality level of tyre derived products while opening the market to new applications, promoting technology exchanges and access to know how‐
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN has Established 4 Working Groups
CEN/TC 366 / WG1 is working on the standard for ground rubber
Determination of particle size for shreds (including sampling methods both laboratory and "in the field")
Determination of particle size in powders, granulates and chips (including sampling methods both laboratory and "in the field")
Determination of protruding wires in shreds
Determination of free steel content for granulates and powder
Determination of other impurities for granulates and powder
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN/TC 366 WG2 Establishing standards for certain physical characteristics of the materials produced from ELTs
Classification of materials produced from tyre. Terminology and characteristics
Bulk density for shreds
Bulk density for granulates and powder
Bulk density for textile
Bulk density for steel
Determination of surface and geometry of granulates
Determination of specific surface for granulates
Determination of specific surface for powder
Determination of hydraulic conductivity, permeability, settlement and compressibility for shreds
Abrasion resistance of granulates
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN/TC 366 WG3 Establishing standards for certain composition characteristics of the materials produced from ELTs
Determination of NR/synthetic rubber in vulcanize material
Determination of type of rubber (tyres and other scraped rubbers)
Determination of non elastomeric content in rubber‐
Determination of Carbon Black content in rubber
Sampling method for elemental analysis
Determination of moisture content for granulates, powder and textile fraction
Determination of non metallic content for steel‐
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN/TC 366 WG4 Standard on TDA
Establishing standards for certain physical characteristics of whole tyres that are required in recovery and recycling processes.
Quality criteria for the selection of whole tyres, for recovery and recycling processes.
Characteristics of whole tyres for their use in Civil Engineering applications (porosity, crushing resistance).
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
CEN TC 343 Standard on TDF There is no one standard specific to ELT but some of then could be apply for determination of some characteristics of Tyre Derived Fuels.
EN 15359:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value.
CEN/TS15401:2010 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density
EN 15442:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling
CEN/TR 15591:2007 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of the biomass content based on the 14C method
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Infill & Playground Standards Infill (synthetic sport surfaces)
CEN/TC 217Sport Surfaces / WG 10 Environmental Aspects:
CEN TS 16384 “Synthetic Sport System for Outdoor – Leaching Test”
Playground Cover
Activities on the field of Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment are covered in the CEN TC 136
Main Standard related ELT material is EN 1177:2008 Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Determination of critical fall height
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Implications Most of the CEN standards will look at the same characteristics as the ASTM standards
Many of the CEN standards will conduct tests which have already been established by ASTM
The CEN standards propose to analyze certain components of ELTs which significant variations (carbon black, synthetic rubber)
CEN testing requirements could be expensive, which could actually be counterproductive to their goals
The changing composition of tyres could present significant challenges to the CEN testing standards, rendering them almost useless
If testing protocols are used by CEN are different than the ASTM testing protocols then the results, and subsequent standards will be different
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
ASTM Standards vs. CEN Standards
Two sets of standards on the same material (tires) which are similar but have clear distinctions
The new/revised CEN standards are expected by the end of 2015
ASTM standards do not present information on the chemical or physical properties of tires; this information is available through other sources. The CEN standards will include information not in the ASTM standards
Coordination of these standards should take place so there aren’t significant differences which could cause questions or difficulties within the international tire recycling industry
MARSHAY, INC. NEW ZEALAND SCRAP TYRE SUMMIT, JUNE 3, 2015
Contact Information
Michael Blumenthal President
Marshay, Inc. On the web: scraptireexpert.com
Email: [email protected] 845 642 3130