MAMMAL DIVERSITY SURVEYS IN THE COASTAL FORESTS: …

Samuel Andanje, Kevin Davey, Bernard Ogwoka, Bernard Risky Agwanda, Abdullahi Ali, Tom Bruce, Tim Wacher, Rajan Amin

MAMMAL DIVERSITY SURVEYS IN THE COASTAL FORESTS: KENYA

2010 – 2011

Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY

Copyright: © Zoological Society of London and contributors 2015. Allrightsreserved.Theuseandreproductionofanypartofthis publicationiswelcomedfornon-commercialpurposesonly, providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.

ISSN: 1744-3997

Citation: Andanje,S.,Davey,K.,Ogwoka,B.,Agwanda,B.,Ali,A.,Bruce,T.,Wacher,T.,Amin,R.

Frontcover:CameratrapimageofAders’duikerinBoniforestsystem(KWS/ZSL).©ZSL

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The Zoological Society of London (ZSL),foundedin1826,isaworld-renownedcentreofexcellenceforconservationscienceandappliedconservation(registeredcharityinEnglandandWalesnumber2087282). Our mission is to promote and achieve the worldwide conservation of animals andtheirhabitats.Thisisrealisedbycarryingoutfieldconservationandresearchinover80countriesacrosstheglobeandthrougheducationandawarenessatourtwozoos,ZSLLondonZooandZSLWhipsnadeZoo,inspiringpeopletotakeconservationaction.

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In memory of Dr Sam Andanje, a close friend and highly gifted scientist who tirelessly worked on conserving wildlife in Kenya

TABLE OF CONTENTS1 Introduction 6

2 Methods 9 Fie d sa p ing et ods Ana a et ods

3 Results 12 Sa p ing e ort a a di ersit Spe ies distribu on abundan e and te pora distribu ons

Ungulates 16 1 Cephalophus adersi (Aders’ duiker) 17 2 Cephalophus harveyi (Harvey’s duiker) 20 3 Philantombamonticola(Blueduiker) 23 4 Nesotragusmoschatus(Suni) 26 5 Madoqua kirkii (Kirk’s dik-dik) 29 6 Tragelaphusscriptus(Bushbuck) 32 7 Tragelaphusimberbis(Lesserkudu) 35 8 Kobusellipsiprymnus(Waterbuck) 38 9 Synceruscaffer(Africanbuffalo) 41 10 Potamochoeruslarvatus(Bushpig) 44 11 Phacochoerusafricanus(Commonwarthog) 47 12 Phacochoerusaethiopicus(Desertwarthog) 50 13 Hippopotamus amphibius (Common Hippopotamus) 53

Carnivores 56 14 Pantherapardus(Leopard) 57 15 Pantheraleo(Africanlion) 60 16 Caracalcaracal(Caracal) 63 17 Civettictiscivetta(Africancivet) 66 18 Genettamaculata(CentralAfricanlarge-spottedgenet) 69 19 Crocutacrocuta(Spottedhyaena) 72 20 Lycaonpictus(Africanwilddog,huntingdog,painteddog) 75 21 Mellivoracapensis(Honeybadger) 78 22 Helogaleparvula(Commondwarfmongoose) 81 23 Atilaxpaludinosus(Marshmongoose) 84 24 Herpestessanguineus(Slendermongoose) 87 25 Ichneumiaalbicauda(Whitetailedmongoose) 90 26 Bdeogaleomnivora(Sokokebushy-tailedmongoose) 93

Afrot eria 27 Loxodontaafricana(Africanelephant) 97 28 Orycteropusafer(Aard-vark) 100 29 Petrodromustetradactylus(Four-toedsengi,four-toedelephantshrew) andElephantulusrufescens(Rufoussengi,rufouselephantshrew) 103 30 Rhyncocyonsp.(Giantsengi) 106

ri ates 31 Cercopithecusmitis,ssp.albotorquatusandalbolgularis (ZanzibarSykes’smonkeyandPousargues’sSykes’smonkey) 110 32 Chlorocebuspygerythrus(Vervetmonkey) 113 33 Papiocynocephalus(Yellowbaboon) 116 34 Unidentifiedgalagos(Galagidaesp.) 119

Rodents 122 35 Cricetomysgambianus(Northerngiantpouchedrat) 123 36 Hystrixsp.(Porcupine) 126 37 Sciuridaesp.(Squirrels) 129

Acknowledgements 133

References 134

Annex. Regional medium-to-large mammal species list for northern coastal Kenya 137

Mammal Diversity Surveys in the Coastal Forests; Kenya5

ABSTRACT

T is report su arises resu ts of a ear- ong a era-trapping stud of four oasta forest sites on t e nort en a oast S ste a k grid a outs ere dep o ed using a standardised a era-trap proto o for ong-ter onitoring and p a ed onse u e in ea of Dodori Na ona Reser e NR Boni NR Boni forest a nort of t e a ana and Tana ri ers and at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T ese sites are a representa e of t e oasta forests of astern Afri a biodi ersit otspot ro pted b t e redis o er of Aders duiker and an unkno n for of giant sengi during pi ot studies in t e t ree nort ern ost oasta forests t e ob e e as to use a era-trapping to ake t e rst o pre ensi e stud of t e ediu -to- arge si ed a a o uni es of t e nort ern group of forests t e Boni-Dodori forest

s ste i a e been i e studied and o pare t e resu ts it a at ing stud in t e be er kno n Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

T e ore of t e report presents indi idua spe ies a ounts a p e p otograp s and brief o ents on re ogni on in a era-trap i ager toget er it N Red ist onser a on status and notes on ega status are gi en Trapping rates e ents a era-trap da s na e o upan and ere appropriate

ode ed o upan are gi en for ea spe ies at e er stud site Te pora distribu on of e ents i in arger sa p es a t as a pro for a it pa ern and ap p ots of trapping rate at ea a era-trap are also reported.

A su ar of t e spe ies a ounts s o s t at a t ree nort ern oasta forest sur e sites re orded ig er terrestria a a spe ies ri ness t an Arabuko-Sokoke Forest spe ies in Boni NR spe ies

in Dodori NR spe ies in Boni forest spe ies in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T e re a ons ip o ds true after standardising o parison to spe ies of si i ar dete tabi it to a era-traps n a but one ase b ue duiker a era-trapping rates and o upan ere ig er often u ig er in t e nort ern oasta forests t an at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest for spe ies found in bot areas Signi ant Arabuko-Sokoke Forest re ains of ig i portan e in s aring t e sa e nu ber of tru oasta forest adapted spe ies as t e three northern coastal forests.

Ne ndings on spe ies distribu ons and range e tensions notab e indi a ons of re a e abundan e and presen e of spe ies under t reat are reported T e re a e inta t nature of t e nort ern oasta forests a a o unit is ig ig ted A ong se era notab e resu ts t e unkno n giant sengi found nort of t e Tana Ri er is s o n to be present at a t ree sites and is dete ted at ig er fre uen t an t e go den-ru ped sengi is in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T e Boni-Dodori forest s ste a so e erges as t e g oba entre for t e ri a ndangered Aders duiker une pe ted t e ost fre uent reported spe ies in t e nort ern oasta forest a era grids

rin ip e on usions and re o enda ons are

• t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste is of a or i portan e to a a onser a on it in t e astern Afri an oasta biodi ersit otspot it re a e undisturbed and o p ete o uni es of predators and erbi ores

• t at t is status is re ognised and in orporated into future and use p anning it a fo us on nding a s for t e o a o uni es to integrate de e op ent of t e region i e sustaining and gaining

bene t fro t is uni ue eritage

Mammal Diversity Surveys in the Coastal Forests; Kenya 6

1. INTRODUCTION T e biodi ersit of nort ern oasta en a is poor understood be ause re ent se urit prob e s and poor infrastru ture a e dis ouraged a ess to t e area o e er t e ooded areas in t e region a e great poten a for arbouring uni ue and rare spe ies T e presen e of Aders duiker Cephalophus adersi) Andan e et a a t e addi ona re ent dis o er of an unkno n for of giant Sengi Rhyncocyonsp.) Andan e et a and t e presen e of ot er spe ies of ig onser a on interest su as Afri an i d

dog Lycaonpictus it iru et a pro pted t e need for a s ste a base ine stud of a a spe ies ri ness and status for t e Boni-Dodori forests using a era-traps

T e use of a era-trapping as a sur e too for ediu -to- arge terrestria a a s as be o e in reasing o on o er re ent ears A u ada et a onne et a and is a par u ar suitab e te ni ue for onger ter onitoring in forest abitats Si eira et a o pper et a

ra- orge et a Robert A in et a n order to interpret our resu ts in a na ona onte t e a so sur e ed t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest As e as being t e best kno n oasta forest prote ted

area in en a Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is e -kno n for t e ende i go den-ru ped sengi and as t e on ain and in abited b Aders duiker

T e o bined resu ts pro ide base ine data on t e forest adapted a a popu a ons in t is ig t reatened east Afri an oasta forest s ste T e a so pro ide a basis for a ong ter onitoring progra in t e future T e ana sis presented an be rep i ated as a standardised onitoring et od T e approa an pro ide e ient uan ta e easures of biodi ersit status o er e for a range of ke but ot er ise e usi e forest spe ies Su easures ou d p a an i portant ro e in de onstra ng t e su ess of onser a on a on p ans for t e na ona reser es if repeated s ste a a

1.1 Study area

T e ooded abitats of oasta en a for part of t e oasta Forests of astern Afri a biodi ersit otspot an area kno n for g oba signi ant e e s of spe ies ri ness and ende is Burgess and arke

i er eier et a u of t is abitat in en a as been eared for oasta de e op ent and agri u ture i er eier et a o e er se era prote ted areas e ist a ong t e nort ern en an oast Tab e Boni and Dodori Na ona Reser es NRs in ara and a u ast Distri ts respe e ere ga e ed in T e ie ad a ent to t e Boni forest and t ese t ree areas referred to en efort

as t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste for a uster on t e nort ern en an oast Figure T e re ote o a on and istor of inse urit a e resu ted in a o para e o u an popu a on densit and

ini a de e op ent Four prin ip e i ages o upied b t e A eer peop e are o ated a ong a bus tra k running bet een t e Boni and Dodori NRs a t oug t e e a t o a on of t e ga e ed boundaries re ains un ertain


Figure 1 o a on of four stud areas in entra and nort ern oasta en a insets s o o a on of a era-trap arra s re a e to prote ted area boundaries at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a and Boni-Dodori forest s ste b

(a) Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

(b) Boni-Dodori forest s ste


T e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest estab is ed in is k to t e sout of t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste in i i ount t is separated fro t e nort ern en an oasta forests b t o a or inter ening ri ers t e Tana and a ana Sabaki Figure t is o p ete en ir ed b un- ustered i age se e ents o prising an es ated tota u an popu a on greater t an indi idua s ASF T Bot stud areas e perien e i ega un ng and ber e tra on it i pa t of t ese a i es ike to be u ig er in t e s a er Arabuko-Sokoke Forest i is e posed to o para e ig u an popu a on densi es

abitat in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste onsists of a osai of forest t i ket and sa anna u ar and end a Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is forested it t ree ain egeta on t pes Cynometra forest

and thicket, Brachystegia ood and and i ed forest ASF T

Table 1 Su ar data on ega status si e o a on and sa p ing period for t e four a era-trapping grids Sample area status Size (km2) Established Camera-trap grid central

pointCamera-trap sampling

period

Dodori Na ona Reser e 877 S an to ar

Boni Na ona Reser e S ar to un

Boni forest 450* Not applicable S un to Sep

Arabuko-Sokoke Na ona 420 S t to an Reserve 2011

* Area appro i ated as no for a boundar as been estab is ed


2. METHODS2.1 Field sampling methods Sur e design at ea forest site onsisted of a eras s ste a a spa ed at k inter a s on a regu ar

s uare grid orientated to t e a ai ab e abitat pat es Figure ne t o k spa ing is nor a re o ended for a a o unit sur e s A in et a

e posi oned t e sa p ing grids of a eras in e tensi e areas of forest and t i ket based on abitat and a essibi it Ar S SR Red ands A SA soft are and S re ei ers ere used to o ate a era sa p ing unit entre points A sing e a era-trap as p a ed it in of ea entroid under osed anop forest or t i kets e set t e a eras at a eig t of posi oned perpendi u ar to

ga e trai s at a distan e of - it t e ai of obtaining fu bod atera i ages of s a ante opes and ot er a a spe ies e used Re on R R N n o an SA digita a eras progra ed to take t ree pi tures per trigger it no de a A ot er defau t se ngs ere used R a eras a e a trigger e of s it a dete on range of A i ages ere in b a k and ite

T ese a eras use an infrared as at nig t or at o ig t e e s in t e da e intended to ini ise risk of start ing ani a s en t e enter t e a era ie a sur e as ondu ted for a ini u of

da s in order to a ie e a era-trap da s of sa p ing e ort Brien et a it fu fun oning a eras T e a era insta a on proto o a ed for sur e tea s to trigger p otograp s of t e se es as t e ast a on at t e end of a era set up opera ons and as t e rst a on on arri a to re o er a eras as a eans to e p erif a era fun on

2.2AnalyticalmethodsDatacompilationandprocessing

e used i soft are too ugge to e tra t i age etadata T e a era-trap abe date e and te perature ere o pi ed for ea i age in an e e s eet i rosoft e rofessiona us A p otograp s ere assi ed to spe ies and grouped into independent p otograp i e ents For t is stud an e ent as de ned as an se uen e of p otos fro a gi en spe ies o urring after an inter a of inutes fro t e pre ious i ages of t at spe ies A in et a den a on of spe ies

as ost straig t for ard Dis nguis ing spe ies under infrared i u ina on as so e es un ear especially blue duiker Philantombamonticola fro suni Nesotragusmoschatus Be a ioura features su as di eren es in tai o e ent e g i ked atera in suni er a in b ue duiker Fo e ere so e es usefu in su ases T e ite ru p-band and eg-spots of Aders duiker ke dis nguis ing features ere so e es par a or strong obs ured in infra-red i u inated b a k and ite i ages Figure t as a so di u t to dis nguis bet een Four-toed sengi Petrodromustetradactylus) and

Rufous sengi Elephantulus rufescens u p e i ages at ea trigger a o ed ross- e king and eri a on o e er a fe i ages a ributed to b ue duiker or suni ad to be e uded fro our ana sis

as posi e iden a on as not possib e

Figure 2 a era-trap i ages of Aders duiker at one o a on in Boni NR abe ed b date and e Adu t fe a e and a f eft and adu t a e rig t Note estab is ed s ent ark dark pat ust be o t e fork on t e

sap ing e e t of infrared i u ina on on duiker appearan e o er i ages and ro e of spot pa ern on egs for indi idua re ogni on


Species richness

e used t e S a era-trap ana sis too A in et a in prep it t e Biodi ersit R pa kage in R soft are progra indt and oe to es ate spe ies ri ness of ediu -to- arge terrestria a a s eig ing greater t an kg in ea forest site e e uded arborea spe ies as t e are ess ike to be aptured b a eras dire ted at ground e e e e uded spe ies kg be ause t eir s a si e resu ts in redu ed and in onsistent apture probabi i es T is de ned subset of spe ies of appro i ate si i ar dete tabi it pro ides a onsistent easure of a a spe ies ri ness for ea site i t roug rep i ate sur e s pro ides trends in spe ies o posi on and ri ness o er e e obtained rare ed a u u a on ur es for ea spe ies in ea forest site b rando re-sa p ing t e data and a u a ng t e a erage nu ber of spe ies e pe ted to be found at a gi en sa p ing intensit T is ur e rea es an as ptote en a spe ies fro t e fo a group or ta a a e been re orded As so e spe ies go undete ted e en t oug t e are present in t e stud area e used t e non-para etri in iden e-based es ator a kknife it order one a kknife to es ate t e true nu ber of spe ies a kknife gi es t e ost re iab e es ate for arge nu bers of a era da s Tob er et a a kknife es ators a so assu e t at t e o unit o posi on does not ange o er t e e of t e stud osure and t at t ere is no te pora aria on

in apture probabi it for a spe ies Burn a and erton ao it a sur e engt of appro i ate da s t ese assu p ons s ou d be et

Speciesdistribution

e used sing e season o upan ana sis a en ie et a to es ate t e propor on of area o upied b a spe ies ψ in ea of t e four forest sites upan of ea spe ies as ana ed separate it in t e S a era-trap ana sis too using t e pa kage un arked pa kage in R soft are Fiske and and er e grouped sa p es da s into ten-da sa p ing o asions to i pro e

dete on probabi it of t e rarer spe ies and onstru ted dete on non-dete on istor for ea spe ies per stud site e a so a u ated na e o upan i is de ned as t e nu ber of a eras at

i a spe ies is dete ted di ided b t e tota nu ber of opera ona a eras

upan an a so be used as a surrogate for spe ies abundan e if t e inter-trap distan e is greater t an t e o e range of t e spe ies Forest ante ope spe ies and t e ot er s a -to- ediu a a spe ies found in t ese forests a e re a e s a o e ranges Do u ented s a forest ante ope o e range si es ar bet een suni - a ingdon and o an and ite-be ied duiker Cephalophus leucogaster a art onse uent it a era-trap spa ing of k e an assu e t at ea indi idua is ike to appear on in one a era-trap

To assess area of forest abitat in t e nort ern forest one e obtained t o andsat i ages reso u on for t e s ene at Ro ar and ar o ering t e nort ern oasta forests e se e ted t e ost oud free i ages during t e dr season to assif t e abitat into grass and and forest o er For ea i age e used kno edge based et ods eng et a to assif oud o er and s ado s as No Data in DR S i i an aro soft are ast an e t en used t e

spa a ana st e tension in Ar S ersion and perfor ed unsuper ised assi a on using a uster a gorit genera ng spe tra usters T ese data ere stra ed into ones ere and o er t pes

it in a one a e si i ar spe tra proper es o apsing t e spe tra asses iden ed in t e uster ana sis into a raster i age it t e t ree asses forest and t i kets non-forest and ater ue er e et a Bau ann et a

T e resu ng assi ed i ages ere interpreted isua using t e andsat i ages and ere a ai ab e ig -reso u on ui kBird i ager fro oog e art T ue er e et a Bau ann et a sing t e boundar ean too in Ar S Spa a Ana st e re o ed t e re aining orre on errors and

on erted t e raster i ages into e tor datasets po gon e furt er si p i ed t e po gon dataset using t e disso e too in Ar S data anage ent too sing t e osai too in Ar S data anage ent too

e o bined t e t o i ages into one ne i age resu ng in a o p ete urrent egeta on ap of t e area e used t e e is ng egeta on s ape e fro t e S S Depart ent for Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

assi ed into Cynometra forest, Brachystegiaforest i ed forest and ot er egeta on e represented spe ies presen e as ir es eig ted b trapping rate o er aid on ea a era o a on


Species abundance

e used t e ean nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da trapping rate as a re a e abundan e inde RA RA is pri ari usefu for it in spe ies o parisons under standardised ondi ons but di eren es in spe ies bio og and dete tabi it ean t at its use in bet een spe ies o parisons is i ited e o puted t e standard error of RA as t e standard de ia on of t e trapping

rate di ided b t e s uare root of t e nu ber of trap da s and app ied t e a d test to test for signi ant di eren e To obtain an es ate of t e popu a on densit of t e ri a ndangered Aders duiker a ross a sa p ing units e app ied an N- i ture ode de e oped for es a ng popu a on si e fro spa a rep i ated ounts Ro e a ai ab e in t e soft are resen e ines T e a era-trap data ere adapted to i i a set of rep i ated ounts b se e ng a one- our period of a i u a it fro t e deri ed our a it pa ern and di iding t is into si - inute o asions e reated a ount atri of t e nu ber of indi idua s dete ted in t e a era-trap i ages it in ea inute o asion at ea sa p ing unit of Boni NR a era-trap grid for Aders duiker e ou d not

app t e et od to Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era-trap data for o para e ana sis as t e nu ber of Aders duiker en ounters as er o e obtained a densit es ate b di iding t e es ated nu ber of adu t indi idua s b t e nu ber of sa p ing units u p ied b t e es ated a erage o e range Detai ed resu ts of t ese ana ses a e been pub is ed separate A in et a

Species behaviour

e used t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per our to o pi e our a it pa erns for ea spe ies e a so perfor ed ir adian a it pa ern o parisons bet een forest spe ia ist ante ope spe ies in uding t e ri a ndangered Aders Duiker As t e forest ante opes in o ed in t is stud are

ain repus u ar diurna ingdon and o an e o pi ed p otograp i e ents into four si -our e periods - - - and - e a so o pared da and nig t a it pa erns e ana sed t e a it pa erns using Oriana circular

sta s s progra o a using pair- ise i-s uared test to test for signi an e T e ain resu ts of t ese ana ses and t e spa a intera on o parisons a e been pub is ed separate A in et a


3. RESULTS3.1 SamplingeffortT e four sur e s ere p ased onse u e o er one ear and ea a era-trap grid as eft in t e e d for - da s it a ean sa p ing e ort of a era-trap da s per sur e range

a era-trap da s ere a u ated as t e tota nu ber of our periods ea a era as opera ng nor a a era a ri on and fai ures resu ted in - useab e o a ons a ross t e four sites Tab e

3.2 Mammal diversityT e o era resu ts are su arised in Tab e A tota of a a spe ies ere p otograp ed in t e nort ern oasta forests spe ies in Boni NR spe ies in Dodori NR and spe ies in Boni forest and spe ies in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e T is in udes t e Aders duiker ri a ndangered under t e N Red ist riteria t e Afri an i d dog ndangered under t e N Red ist riteria a poten a ne spe ies of giant e ep ant s re and an uniden ed s uirre A t oug e ere unab e to dis nguis bet een Four-toed sengi Petrodromustetradactylus and Rufous sengi Elephantulusrufescens) in t e i ages e a e assu ed t e presen e of bot spe ies in t e four forest sites Andan e et a

e e uded urid spe ies as t e ere di u t to iden f and assu ed to be of erra dete tabi it

T ere ere and terrestria i ed-forest spe ia ist spe ies in t e nort ern oasta forest s ste and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest respe e f t ese spe ies are greater t an kg bod eig t in nort ern oasta forests and spe ies in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t e ain target group for a era-traps p a ed at

ground e e in forest Tob er et a

Dodori NR ad u ig er ediu -to- arge terrestria a a spe ies ri ness and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t e o est it spe ies Tab e T e spe ies a u u a on ur es for ediu -to- arge kg terrestria forest dependent a a spe ies s o t at it takes about a era da s to obtain a re ord of t e ost o on spe ies Figure t is t e ore e usi e spe ies t at deter ine o u e is needed to o p ete su a sur e T e t ree nort ern oasta forest sites a e si i ar es ated nu ber of forest dependent spe ies kg - o pared to forest spe ies in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

Anne - pro ides t e regiona ediu -to- arge a a spe ies ist for nort ern oasta en a based on resu ts of a era-trapping a ross a four grids supp e ented b spe ies e pe ted to be present in t e region a ording to N Red ist distribu on aps

Table 2 Sa p ing e ort in t e four en an oasta forests Survey site No. of deployed cameras

(No.offunctioningcameras)No. of camera-trap days

Boni NR 1,670

Boni forest 1,026

Dodori NR 1,087

Arabuko-Sokoke Forest


Table 3 a a spe ies ist re orded in t e nort ern en an oasta forests and Arabuko-Sokoke no etra forest for o parison

Family Species Common name CT grid presence

IUCN status

Habitat Habit Wt. kg (M,F, Avg.)

1 Viverridae Civettictiscivetta African Civet D LC T

2 Viverridae Genettamaculate Central African Large Spo ed enet

B D BF A LC FS T Ar

Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard B D BF NT T Ar

4 Felidae Panthera leo Lion BF V T

5 Felidae Feliscaracal Caracal B D A LC T

6 Hyaenidae Crocutacrocuta Spo ed ena B D BF LC T 48.4, 55.6, 52

7 Canidar Lycaonpictus Afri an i d Dog B N T 22.7, 22.7, 22.7

8 erpes dae Helogale parvula o on D arf ongoose

B D BF A LC B- T Assu ed to be par u a fro t e IUCN species range

ap iden a on par u a or

irtu a fro i ages as not possib e

erpes dae Atilaxpaludinosus ars ongoose D LC SA T A

10 erpes dae Herpestes sanguinea S ender ongoose D BF LC T

11 erpes dae Bdeogaleomnivore Sokoke Bus Tai ed ongoose

B D BF V FS T 1.2

12 erpes dae Ichneumiaalbicauda White Tailed ongoose

B A LC T

uste idae Mellivoracapensis Honey badger B D BF A LC T

14 a ros e idinae Petrodromus tetradactylus

Four-toed Sengi B D BF A LC FS T 0.20

15 a ros e idinae Elephantulus rufescens

Rufous Sengi B D BF A LC FS T 0.06

16 Rhynchocyoninaeae Rhynchocyonsp. o den-ru ped ep ant S re

A N FS T 0.54

17 Rhynchocyoninaeae Rhynchocyonsp. iant Sengi Dark ru ped

B D BF N FS T one ou er spe i en - poten a ne spe ies

18a Cercopithecinae Cercopithecusmitisalbotorquatus

Pousargues’s Sykes’s onke

B D BF LC FS Ar -

18b Cercopithecinae Cercopithecusmitisalbolgularis

an ibar S kes s onke

A LC FS Ar

Cercopithecinae Chlorocebuspygerthrus

er et onke D LC B- Ar T

20 Cercopithecidae Papiocynocephalus e o Baboon B D LC B- T

21 a agidae - a ago sp B A LC I Ar At least four galago spe ies poten a present.

22 Neso idae Cricetomysgambianus

a bian iant Rat B D BF A LC T Ar

s uirre sp B BF N A I U 0.20

24 Sciuridae Paraxeruspalliatus Red Bus S uirre B D BF A LC T Ar a erage


Family Species Common name CT grid

presenceIUCN status

Habitat Habit Wt. kg (M,F, Avg.)

25 Hystricidae Hystrixcristata Crested Porcupine B D BF A LC T 20.00

26 Bo idae Cephalophus adersi Aders Duiker B D BF A CR FS T

27 Bo idae Cephalophus monticola

B ue Duiker B A LC FS T

28 Bo idae Cephalophus harveyi ar e s Duiker B D BF A LC FS T

Bo idae Neotragus moschatus

Suni B D BF A LC FS T 5, 5.4, 5.20

Bo idae Madoquasp. irk s Dik-dik D LC B- T

Bo idae Tragelaphusimberbis

esser udu D NT B- T - -

Bo idae Tragelaphusscriptus Bus bu k B D BF A LC T

Bo idae Synceruscaffer Afri an Bu a o B D BF LC T

Bo idae Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck D LC B- T 226.6, 175.4, 201

Suidae Potamochoeruslarvatus

Bus pig B D BF A LC T 52, 61, 56.5

Suidae Phacochoerusafricanus

o on art og B D BF LC B- T

Suidae Phacochoerusaethiopicus

Desert art og BF LC B- T -

ep an dae LoxodontaAfricana Afri an ep ant B D BF V T a a

ippopota idae Hippopotamus amphibius

ippopota us D V SA A T

40 r teropidae Orycteropusafer Aard- ark B D BF A LC T

B Boni NR D Dodori NR BF Boni forest A Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T e spe ies are grouped b trop i ategories T e spe ies a erage adu t bod ass in ki ogra s N status genera be a ior Ar Arborea A A ua T Terrestria nkno n and abitat preferen e i ed B- -

Bus - rass and FS Forest Spe ia ist SA Se i-A ua ndeter ined are also provided.

Table 4 Spe ies ri ness es ates for ediu - arge terrestria a a spe ies and forest dependent spe ies kg adu t bod ass for t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

Survey site Terrestrial mammal (>0.5 kg) species Jackknife1estimate

(no. of observed species)

Terrestrial mixed-forest specialist mammal (>0.5 kg) species Jackknife

1estimate(no.ofobservedspecies)

Boni NR

Boni forest

Dodori NR



3.3 Speciesdistribution,abundanceandactivitypatternsT is se on su arises t e a era-trap sur e resu ts for ea re orded spe ies T e resu ts are grouped b t e a or orders of ungu ates arni ores afrot eria pri ates and rodents oba onser a on status

N Red ist ategor and ega status T S and en a i d ife A t are noted for ea spe ies T e nu ber of e ents and trapping rates o upan es ates a it te pora pa erns and distribu on depi ted on aps are pro ided for ea spe ies

Format of species accounts

Scientific name (Authority)T e bino ia na es for spe ies are based on interna ona ru es of oo ogi a no en ature

Common names ng is S a i i

SpeciesdescriptionA des rip on of t e spe ies it referen e to spe ies iden a on fro b a k and ite a era-trap i ages

Globalconservationstatusoba risk of e n on Based on N Red ist of T reatened Spe ies

Legal statusSpe ies isted under t e on en on on nterna ona Trade in ndangered Spe ies of i d Fauna and F ora

T S and t e en a i d ife A t

Camera-trap survey resultsRe a e abundan e trapping rates for ea site

Na e and ode ed o upan o pared bet een sites

A it pa erns e pressed as te pora distribu on of a a era-trap e ents o er a our e

Su ar it o a distribu on aps spe ies presen e eig ted b trapping rate o er aid on ea a era o a on note t e trapping rate e ents da s s a e egends arefu en o paring aps bet een spe ies as t ese ar in so e ases to a o odate t e ide range of trapping rates obtained

Figure 3 Rare ed spe ies a u u a on ur es for ediu -to- arge terrestria forest dependent a a spe ies in Boni NR Dodori NR Boni forest and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest


UngulatesA tota of ungu ate spe ies ere re orded in t e four a era grids o prising o er e ents a ross

a era-traps it ore t an ears of o bined sa p ing e ort T e o prise t ree Suidae Bus pig o on art og Desert art og nine Bo idae Afri an bu a o aterbu k Bus bu k esser kudu irk s dik-dik and four forest adapted ante opes Suni B ue duiker ar e s duiker Aders duiker and one ippopota idae

A ross a sites t e ost fre uent en ountered ungu ate as Aders duiker e ents fo o ed b Suni e ents Afri an bu a o e ents ar e s duiker e ents Bus bu k Bus pig B ue duiker T e re aining si ungu ate spe ies ere re orded it ess t an e ents ea

n genera ost ungu ate spe ies ere re orded it ig er fre uen ies nort of t e Tana Ri er A ong forest ante opes Suni represented of t e tota forest adapted ante ope e ents in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest site but o era trapping rate as u o er t an in t e t ree nort ern oasta forests Figure

portant o upan es ates for t e ri a ndangered Aders duiker ere at east eig t es ig er in t e nort ern oasta forests t an in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Si i ar Aders duiker trapping

rate as one to t o orders of agnitude greater at a t ree nort ern oasta forest sites of t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o pared to Arabuko-Sokoke Forest ere it as on re orded on t o o asions at separate a era sa p ing sites despite a ore pro onged sa p ing e ort ar e s duiker a so o urred

ore fre uent in t e nort T e ost notab e e ep on to t is ru e as b ue duiker re orded in a f t e a eras at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest at o trapping rates but on obser ed t i e at one a era nort of

the Tana River.

Figure 4 Re a e abundan e inde a era-trap e ents da o bined for t e forest ante ope spe ies re orded at ea of t e four en an oasta forest sites Standard error bars are a so s o n

Arabuko-SokokeForest

Boni forestDodori NRBoni NR


1 Cephalophus adersiT o as

Common namesAders duiker ng is Nunga S a i i

GlobalconservationstatusN Red ist Status ri a ndangered

Legal statusT S Appendi

en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t Not istedAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass A

Camera-trap survey results

Relativeabundance: Aders duiker as t e ost fre uent re orded ante ope spe ies in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste but as on re orded on t o o asions at separate a era sites in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest despite greater sa p ing e ort Tab e

Table 5 Aders duiker trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1856 1670

Boni forest 616 1026

Dodori NR 666 1087

Arabuko-Sokoke Forest 2

SpeciesdescriptionAders duiker is a s a to ediu si ed duiker

eig ing - kg T e bod is pri ari redrufous bro n in o our but is i ediate dis nguis ed fro ot er red duikers b a

ori onta broad ite band fro its o er anks and t ig s ee ng a ross t e o er

ru p at ite fre k ing on its o er i bs and darkening grey tone to the face and neck are a so ara teris n ost b a k and ite infrared i u inated i ages features of t is

pa ern are e ident but in a s a nu ber of ases espe ia in poor ig t t e bod a

appear de ep e unifor and onfusion it ot er s a ante opes a o ur


Occupancy Aders duikers ere dete ted at a fu opera ona a era sites in t e Boni forest a era grids resu ng in o upan es ates of upan in t e Dodori a era grid as es ated at

and o upan for t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid ou d not be ode ed due to t e o nu ber of dete ons Na e o upan for t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid as Tab e

Behaviour a era-trapping s o ed a ain diurna repus u ar pa ern it peaks of a it fro to and to A it de reased bet een and t e o est part of t e

da Nig t e obser a ons o urred but at a er o rate Figure

Table6 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Aders duiker in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Camera grid Naïve occupancy OccupancyestimateΨ (±SE) Probabilityofdetection

P (±SE)

Boni NR 1.00

Boni forest 1.00

Dodori NR

Arabuko-Sokoke Forest 0.11

Figure 5 Te pora distribu on of Aders duiker re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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* interpret it au on i ited sa p e data


Summary

rior to t e dis o er of Aders duiker in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste 1 t is ri a ndangered spe ies as kno n to o ur on in t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest and in e frag ented and di inis ing forest

pat es on t e is and of ngu a an ibar toget er o ering ess t an k 2 T e Arabuko-Sokoke forest on t e en a ain and o ers an area of k 2 o er a f k 2 of i as been onsidered t e Aders’ duiker’s preferred Cynometra habitat.

An a e pt to estab is a ne popu a on on u be s and k 2 in t e an ibar Ar ipe ago as started in Si ani a s ere trans o ated but fo o up sur e s a e not dete ted an popu a on in rease Aders duiker is onsidered e tre e rare it a de reasing popu a on trend in a t e areas it o urs Finnie N

n t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o upan as es ated at - and e ents o urred in a ost e er fu opera ona a era site Trapping rates ere - orders of agnitude greater t an in t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest despite t e fa t t at t e Arabuko-Sokoke a era grid as de iberate o ated

it in t e Aders duiker s fa oured abitat no etra t i ket T e stud on r s t e range e tension and a so indi ates t e popu a on is iso ated fro t e pre ious kno n range and to t e nort of en a s t o argest ri ers t e a ana-Sabaki and Tana

T e er ig e e s of o upan in t e a era-trap grids in t e Boni Dodori forest s ste er ose to or at suggest t at t is spe ies is onsistent distributed t roug t is abitat T e poten a forest and t i ket area easured fro t e assi ed ap Figure is at east k 2 T is ore t an trip es t e o bined pre ious kno n range of Aders duiker Finnie T e sur e as s o n t at t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o prises t e ost i portant kno n g oba popu a on entre for t is ri a

ndangered ante ope

First noted in an unpub is ed report to arissa ount oun i nne and S it

Figure6Aders duiker distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea

a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-

Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


2 Cephalophus harveyi T o as

Common namesar e s duiker ng is

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List Status: Least Concern.

Legal statusT S Not isted

en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t First S edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es Not isted


Relativeabundance: ar e s duiker as t e se ond ost fre uent re orded duiker spe ies and t e fourt ost fre uent re orded spe ies of arge erbi ore found b t e stud T e ig est trapping rates

ere in t e Boni a era grids it u o er trapping rates re orded in t e Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Tab e

Table 7 Harvey’s duiker trapping rates in the Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest camera grids. Trapping rate was calculatedasthemeanofthenumberofindependentphotographiceventspertrapdaytimes100. Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 76 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 1087


Speciesdescriptionar e s Duiker is a erage si ed for t e ta on

so larger than Aders’ duiker. In daylight they are recognised by their rich red colouring, the black fore ead and ine do n t e entre of t e fa e and nape and b t eir dark egs T e o p ete a k t e brig t ite ru p band of Aders duiker n infrared i u inated a era-trap i ages t e

appear re a e unifor usua it ob ious darkening on t e ot er ise unpa erned egs T e i ages obtained in t is stud a so s o aria on in t e presen e and or degree of

de e op ent of t e dark fa e stripe T e tai is narro it out ite as in Aders duiker and unlike the bushier tails of blue duiker and suni.


Occupancy n t e Boni a era grids e ents o urred at of fu opera ona a era sites o pared to a of sites in Dodori T ese o upan es ates suggest ar e s duikers o ur in and ore fre uent t an near t e oast A t oug ar e s duiker ere re orded at of a era sites in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest grid t e une en fre uen of t ese obser a ons pre ented a u a on of an es ated o upan Tab e

Behaviour T e a era-trap data s o s a ain diurna repus u ar pa ern for ar e s duiker it peaks of a it fro to and to de reased a it during t e idd e of t e da and no re ords at nig t Figure

Figure 7 Te pora distribu on of ar e s duiker re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table 8 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e ar e s duiker in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids

Camera grid Naïve occupancy OccupancyestimateΨ (±SE) ProbabilityofdetectionP (±SE)

Boni NR

Boni forest 0.46

Dodori NR 0.10




Summary

T e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest stud areas ie it in t e kno n range of ar e s duiker N but t e stud as s o n t at ust as for ot er s a forest ante opes t is spe ies is re orded

ore fre uent in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t an in t e no etra abitat of Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure T ese resu ts an be o pared it a era-trapping studies ondu ted in t e d ung a

ountain Forests Tan ania ere rates ranging fro - e ents da s ere obtained in one region and fro - in anot er Ro ero and ars a t is noted b t e N SS Ante ope Spe ia ist roup t at a t oug ar e s duiker are assed as east on ern nu bers are be ie ed to be de ining and t eir prote on i depend on aintaining popu a ons in areas ess a e ted b abitat destru on and i ega un ng

Figure 8 ar e s duiker distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




3 Philantomba monticola T unberg

Common namesB ue duiker ng is





Relativeabundance: B ue duiker as t e east fre uent re orded duiker spe ies ranking nint a ong t e se enteen spe ies of arge erbi ores re orded T e spe ies as re orded in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid it a o en ounter rate e ents ere it as t e se ond ost fre uent re orded

forest ante ope after t e suni A t oug b ue duiker ere dete ted in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste during a s a s a e pi ot stud in Andan e et a b on t o furt er re ords ere obtained during t e

u arger sa p e e ort at Boni-Dodori in t is stud Tab e

Table 9 B ue duiker trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 0 1026 -

Dodori NR 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e b ue duiker is a s a gre -bro n ante ope

it a er arge on nenta distribu on T ere is onsiderab e debate as to t e nu ber of for s

i s ou d be re ognised den a on in a era-trap i ages espe ia b a k and ite

infra-red i ages depends on a o bina on of bod s ape and ead features e g a ara teris a narro u e it dark ri ed re a e s a and round- pped ears narro pa e e ebro ines in so e adu ts and e iden e of er a rat er t an

ori onta tai i king t an be easi onfused it Suni in infra-red i ages if t ese stru tura

details are not clear.


Occupancy B ue duikers ere re orded at of a era-trap sites in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest gi ing Na e o upan of and indi a ng t e spe ies is e distributed t roug out t e forest T e nu ber of e ents as insu ient to ode o upan and dete on probabi it Tab e

Behaviour T e distribu on of re orded e ents indi ates a repus u ar a it pa ern it a s a nu ber of e ents o urring in t e idd e of t e da and nig t T is spe ies nor a rests at nig t but in ea i disturbed areas t e a be o e ore a e at nig t ingdon T e a orit of t e e ents

i o urred in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest took p a e bet een and it arked repus u ar peaks at sunrise and sunset Figure

Figure 9 Te pora distribu on of b ue duiker re ords in t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest t roug t e our e

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Table 10 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e b ue duiker in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.05

Boni forest - - -

Dodori NR 0.25




Summary

T e sur e as on r ed t e presen e of b ue duiker nort of t e Tana Ri er A t oug on p otograp ed on t o o asions in Boni Na ona Forest and on e near Dodori Na ona Forest in t e pi ot stud t is represents a range e tension of o er k o pared to pub is ed distribu on aps ingdon

ast N SS Ante ope Spe ia ist roup T e urrent data suggest t at t e spe ies is ore fre uent t an eit er ar e s or Aders duiker in t e Cynometra forest of Arabuko-Sokoke Figure

aking it one of t e er fe spe ies to be re orded ore fre uent in t e sout ern forest

Figure 10 B ue duiker distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea

a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e

Arabuko- Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


4 Nesotragus moschatus on Dueben

Common namesSuni ng is



en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t First S edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass A


Relativeabundance: Suni ere found in a t e sur e ed areas and ere t e se ond ost fre uent re orded a a spe ies after Aders duiker n t e Boni-Dodori a era grids en ounter rates ranged fro e ents

da s in t e Dodori a era grid to e ents da s in t e Boni forest a era grid T e ere t e ost fre uent re orded spe ies in t e Arabuko-Sokoke a era grid t oug at e ents da s t e ere s en ountered at a o er rate t an in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e

Table 11 Suni trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 717 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 401 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e suni is a er s a p ain bro n ante ope it s ender egs eig ing - kg ingdon T e are re a e unifor and unpa erned on t e bod Sunis fre uent o e in pairs so e es

it an a o pan ing a f T e ears are subt arger and un arked o pared to t e rounder and dark- argined ears of t e b ue duiker T e

ide-set narro orns of t e a es a k a entra tuft of air a usefu feature in dis nguis ing t e fro a duikers n ases ere poor infrared i u ina on or on par a ie s of t e bod are a ai ab e t e tai a s e p iden a on being bus ier t an on t e t o ep a op us duikers and

ain i ked side to side un ike er a i king of B ue duiker


Occupancy upan es ates ere ig in a four a era grids o parison of dete on probabi i es indi ated a o er probabi it in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest o pared to t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste Tab e

Behaviour Re orded e ents indi ate t is spe ies as a e t roug out t e our period at a sites but it arked repus u ar peaks around sunrise and sunset T e resu ts s o t at t e a it pa ern of

suni and Aders duiker are broad si i ar but suni are onsistent ore a e at nig t A it at ea of t e four a era grids s o s t at suni tend to be re a e ore a e at nig t in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid o pared to t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste it t e argest di eren e o urring bet een Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and Boni forests Figure

Figure 11 Te pora distribu on of suni re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table 12 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e suni in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest 1.00

Dodori NR 1.00



Summary

Suni are one of t e ost fre uent re orded spe ies in a four oasta forest a era grids Figure Resu ts fro t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste on r a signi ant range e tension nort of t e Tana Ri er re a e to N Red ist data N Be ause it is e represented at a four a era grids it is a usefu indi ator of o para e ondi ons a ross t e sites T e spe ies is ore fre uent re orded it

ig er dete tabi it es ates in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and o er dete tabi it appears to be asso iated it greater tenden to no turna a it in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid T ese di eren es are onsistent it e pe ta ons of be a iour in t e presen e of un ng and ot er kinds of pressure fro u ans Suni are kno n to be targeted b bus eat unters in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

ut and Ne iado sk and e e s of genera disturban e ood u ng tourist bird at ing et are ig er in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t an in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste

Figure 12 Suni distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke

Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


5 Madoqua kirkii unt er

Common namesirk s dik-dik ng is

lobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List Status: Least Concern.


en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t Not istedAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es Not isted


Relativeabundance: A sing e pair of irk s dik-dik ere p otograp ed on e at one site at t e sout ern ost argin of t e Dodori a era grid Tab e

Table 13 irk s dik-dik trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 1 1087

Arabuko-Sokoke Forest 0 -

SpeciesdescriptionDik-dik are er s a ante ope asso iated it dry scrub, thickets, and Acacia-Commiphora

ood ands it a entre of di ersit in t e orn of Afri a T e are re ognised b a duiker- ike tuft of ong air on t e ro n s ort tai s and in sout ern for s t pi a e ongated noses Distribu on aps indi ate t at t o spe ies are poten a present in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste uent er s dik-dik Madoqua guentheri) and irks dik-dik Madoqua kirkii Dik-dik recorded in this study have been provisionally iden ed as irk s dik-dik in t e absen e of e iden e of an e ep ona e ongated nose

i is ara teris of uent er s dik-dik


Occupancy it on one a era site re ording irk s dik-dik on t e outer i it of t e Dodori a era grid t is spe ies is onsidered on argina present in t e stud sa p e areas Tab e

Behaviour T e sing e e ent as re orded in da ig t as ou d be e pe ted for t is diurna spe ies Figure

Figure 13 Te pora distribu on of irk s dik-dik re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 14 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e irk s dik-dik in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A

Boni forest N A N A N A

Dodori NR 0.05

Arabuko-Sokoke Forest N A N A N A



Summary

T e sing e o urren e of irk s dik-dik at t e sout ern argin of t e Dodori a era grid a igns t e it ot er sa anna spe ies re orded on in t is area Figure T e are not representa e of t e oasta forest o unit i is t e pri ar target of t is stud Ne ert e ess t eir presen e bet een t e forest and t e oast ine is indi a e of t e osai of abitats in t is area and ontributes to t e i portant diversity of the region.

Figure 14 irk s dik-dik distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




6Tragelaphus scriptus a as

Common namesBus bu k ng is





Relativeabundance: Bus bu k ere re orded in a t ree a era grids of t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste it t e ig est trapping rate o urring in Dodori Tab e T e ere t e ft ost fre uent re orded arge

erbi ore Bus bu k ere re orded on on e at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest n t e nort ern a era grids t e ere re orded ess fre uent t an ost of t e tru forest-adapted ante opes of t e region Aders duiker

suni and ar e s duiker but ore fre uent t an t e ore ood and sa anna asso iated ante opes esser kudu dik-dik T is resu t is e pe ted gi en t e fo us on o a ng a era sites in forest abitat and

t e preferen e of bus bu k for abitat edges N Red ist

SpeciesdescriptionT e bus bu k is a idespread and e -kno n

e ber of t e spira - orned ante ope group T e estnut oat is t pi a arked b a o bina on

of er a ite stripes and pro inent ite ank spots i s o e on ost b a k and ite infrared i ages en in par a i ages t ese

arkings assist in dis nguis ing bus bu k fro t e arger esser kudu i genera s o s bo der denser striping and i e or no spo ng n

a es t e sing e open t ist of t e kee ed orns dis nguis es fro t e g t spira orns of esser kudu a es


Occupancy Bus bu k ere re orded at of t e a era-traps in t e Dodori forest and at Boni forest Tab e

Behaviour T ere is an e en distribu on of bus bu k e ents a ross ours in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Distribu on of e ents bet een da and nig t is a ost e a t e en it of t e e ents taking p a e in da ig t Figure

Figure 15 Te pora distribu on of bus bu k re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 15 Bus bu k trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 4 1026

Dodori NR 1087


Table16 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e bus bu k in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.16

Boni forest 0.08

Dodori NR 0.60




Summary

Bus bu k are so e es t oug t of as abitat edge or i ed abitat spe ia ists kno n to asso iate it t i k o er but a oiding osed anop ingdon N n t is stud bus bu k ere dete ted at a fre uen inter ediate bet een t e forest adapted and ood and sa anna adapted ante opes

i supports t is interpreta on Bus bu k ere ost fre uent re orded in Dodori Figure t e on site ere ood and sa anna adapted spe ies su as esser kudu and dik-dik ere a so dete ted T e presen e of t ese spe ies a so suggests t at t e Dodori forest a era grid as a greater di ersit of

abitats t an t e ot er a era grids T e pau it of re ords at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a be e p ained b t e de iberate p a e ent of a era sites in areas of unifor Cynometra forest ere t ere is a t i k and e tensi e anop Bus bu k are be ie ed to be o para e resi ient to u an odi a ons of t eir

abitat and onse uent are not t oug t to be urrent dependent on prote ted areas a one N

Figure16Bus bu k distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




7 Tragelaphus imberbis B t

Common namesesser kudu ng is

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened.


en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t First S edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass B


Relative abundance: esser kudu ere re orded in four separate e ents at t o a era sites on t e sout ern argin of t e Dodori a era grid ike dik-dik t is spe ies is ore asso iated it Acacia-Commiphora ood and abitat and nding esser kudu at t e sa e o a on as dik-dik and aterbu k reinfor es t e i pression t at t e sout ern ost a era sites in t e Dodori a era grid ere sa p ing spe ies asso iated it abitat outside t e ore oasta forest Tab e

Table 17 esser kudu trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 4 1087


SpeciesdescriptionRe ognisab e in b a k and ite a era-trap i ages b bod si e strong er a ite stripes running the full length and height of t e anks and a king t e spo ng on t e o er ank seen in bus bu k esser kudu fe a es are red-bro n and orn ess i e adu t

a es are gre and arr ara teris g t spiralled horns.


Occupancy it on t o ad a ent a era sites re ording esser kudu bot on t e sout ern i it of t e Dodori a era grid t is spe ies is onsidered on argina present in t e stud sa p e areas Tab e

Behaviour T ere are too fe e ents to dra an r on usions about t e a it pa ern of esser kudu in t e stud areas T o of t e four e ents o urred during t e da one at dusk and one during t e nig t Figure

Figure 17 Te pora distribu on of esser kudu re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 18 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e esser kudu in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.10




Summary

T e presen e of esser kudu in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste a beit on at t e sout ern argin of t e Dodori forest e p asises t e di ersit of t e area T e are not onsidered representa e of t e oasta forest o unit i is t e pri ar target of t is stud Ne ert e ess t eir presen e bet een t e forest and t e oast ine is indi a e of t e osai of abitats in t is area and ontributes to t e i portant di ersit of t e region Figure

Figure 18 esser kudu distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




8 Kobus ellipsiprymnus gi b i

Common namesaterbu k ng is





Relativeabundance: aterbu k ere p otograp ed on on e in t e Dodori a era grid at one of t e sa e a era sites t at re orded ood and sa anna spe ies su as esser kudu and irk s dik-dik T is reinfor es t e probabi it t at a eras in t is one ere sa p ing spe ies not asso iated it t e interior of t e oasta forest Tab e

Table 19 aterbu k trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 1 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e aterbu k is a arge s agg - aired ante ope

it a ara teris sto k appearan e and straig t-pro ed u e Bod o our aries fro gre -bro n to reddis -bro n T e no inate subspe ies found in oasta en a is dis nguis ed b se i- ir u ar ite stripes for ing an o a target on t e rear uarters


Occupancy it on one a era sta on re ording aterbu k on t e outer i it of t e Dodori a era grid t is spe ies is onsidered on argina present in t e forest areas Tab e

Behaviour T e i ages fro t e sing e e ent o urred in da ig t Figure

Figure 19 Te pora distribu on of aterbu k re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 20 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e aterbu k in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.05




Summary

aterbu k ere on re orded on e in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste in asso ia on it ot er sa anna spe ies at t e sout ern argin of t e Dodori a era grid Figure T e are not onsidered representa e of t e oasta forest o unit i is t e pri ar target of t is stud Ne ert e ess t eir presen e bet een t e forest and t e oast ine is indi a e of t e osai of abitats in t is area and ontributes to t e i portant di ersit of t e region

Figure 20 aterbu k distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




9 Syncerus caffer Sparr an

Common namesAfri an bu a o ng is N a S a i i





Relativeabundance: Bu a o a ounted for e ents in t e Boni-Dodori s ste and as t e t ird ost fre uent re orded arge erbi ore but none ere re orded in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid Trapping rates ere notab ig er in t e Boni forest a era grid t an in t e Boni and Dodori NR a era grids Tab e n se era ases i ages s ored as a sing e e ent o prised t e passage of a arge

breeding erd Sing e e ents in o ing t e passage of ore t an indi idua s o urred at t o a era sta ons T ese gures represent ini u es ates for erd si es a p es of sing e ature bu s and s a ba e or groups ere a so re orded T ese resu ts indi ate t at in ter s of bio ass bu a o are probab t e do inant i d erbi ores in t e stud area

Table 21 Afri an bu a o trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 15 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e Afri an bu a o is t e argest bo id in Afri a Nor a un istakeab e in a era-trap i ages par a ie s of s a parts of t e o e o ur and

ust be dis nguis ed fro a e T e assi e i bs and ara teris a sparse strands of dark body hair overlying the grey skin are usually diagnos Be ause t e often tra e in arge groups ong se uen es of p otograp s are not unusual and occur in this data set.


Occupancy Bu a o ere re orded at bet een - of a era-traps in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e

Behaviour Bu a o e ents ere re orded at a ours of t e da Figure Rates ere ig er t roug t e nig t and o est t roug t e o est ours of t e da Afri an bu a o are be ie ed to be sensi e to disturban e s it ing fro on nuous gra ing in uiet areas to da n dusk and nig t- e gra ing

ingdon t is e ident t at a o e e of da e o e ent is aintained in t ese Boni-Dodori a era grids

Figure 21 Te pora distribu on of Afri an bu a o re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 22 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Afri an bu a o in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.11

Boni forest

Dodori NR



Summary

Afri an bu a o are e represented in t e a era grids of t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste Figure iden e of at east one er arge breeding erd taking ore t an inutes for an unkno n propor on

of its e bers to e past t e a era and a nu ber of s a er groups and ba e or a es as obtained T e absen e of bu a o re ords in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid suggests t at t e ere not present in arge nu bers in t e area t is not ear et er t is resu t is an indi ator of re a e o bu a o nu bers re e ts a oidan e of t e Cynometra forest abitat or is a o bina on of t e t o

Figure 22 Afri an bu a o distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea

a era site in t e Boni-Dodori sa p ing grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


10 Potamochoerus larvatus u ier

Common namesBus pig ng is

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List: Least Concern.




Relativeabundance: Bus pig ere t e ost fre uent re orded suid and t e on one found in a four a era grids Tab e

Table 23 Bus pig trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 14 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 7 1087


SpeciesdescriptionDis nguis ed in a era-trap pi tures fro

art ogs b a propor onate narro er onger ead a king o parab pro inent arts

shorter tusks, larger ears and evenly distributed, denser air on t e deeper ore s ab sided bod


Occupancy Bus pig en ounter rates ere range fro - in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste a era grids n Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t e ere re orded at of a era sites Tab e

Behaviour Bus pig ere a e t roug out t e da and nig t and par u ar at dusk - Figure

Figure 23 Te pora distribu on of bus pig re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0

1

2

3

4

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

a)

b)

Num

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f ind

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dent

phot

ogra

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eve

nts

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table 24 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e bus pig in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.58

Boni forest

Dodori NR




Summary

Bus pig ere onsistent present in a four a era grids but ike an ot er arge a a spe ies t e ere ore fre uent re orded in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste a era grids t an at Arabuko-Sokoke

Forest Figure t is par u ar notab e t at bus pig ere found in t e sa e a era grid Boni forest as t e t o for s of art og a t oug art og ere re orded far ess fre uent S patr bet een t e t o art ogs as been noted pre ious de ong et a but t e si u taneous presen e of t ree suids is unusua T e e o ogi a re a ons ips bet een t ese spe ies in t e region erits furt er in es ga on being of t eore a interest in its o n rig t and a so indi a ng a poten a a enue for deeper understanding of ecological diversity in these habitats.

Figure 24 Bus pig distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




11 Phacochoerus africanus e in

Common nameso on art og ng is





Relativeabundance: T e o on art og as re orded on e in t e Dodori a era grid at t e sa e a era site as irk s dik-dik and esser kudu and t i e in t e Boni NR a era grid T e Boni forest a era

grid i ages ere in on usi e and t ere as on one on r ed e ent T ree ot er e ents in t e Boni forest a era grid a ributed to o on art og ou d not be fu iden ed to spe ies e e be ause of t e on r ed presen e of desert art og in t e sa e area see be o No o on art ogs ere p otograp ed at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T ese obser a ons indi ate t at trapping rates for o on

art og ere at ost be o da s in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids oint t e east fre uent re orded arge a a spe ies Tab e

Table 25 o on art og trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 2 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 1 1087


Speciesdescriptiono on art ogs are dis nguis ed b si p e one-s aped arts under t e e es of adu t a es it t e idt of t e upper fa e of si i ar

propor on to t e o er fa e see desert art og be o d uart and rubb de ong et a


Occupancy o on art ogs ere dete ted at no ore t an a eras in Boni forest and at one a era ea in Boni and Dodori indi a ng ini a Na e o upan rates Tab e

Behaviour T e o on art og is a pri ari diurna spe ies and a o on art og e ents took p a e in da ig t bet een - ours Figure

Figure 25 Te pora distribu on of o on art og re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Num

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epen

dent

phot

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Hour of the day

Table26 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e o on art og in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.05

Boni forest 0.15

Dodori NR 0.05




Summary

T e o on art og is present in o nu bers in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste Figure t appears to be i ing in ose o-e isten e it t o ot er suids desert art og and bus pig T e o er ap of o on

art og and bus pig at a sing e a era site as on r ed in t e Boni forest a era grid T e ose asso ia on bet een t ese spe ies is unusua a t oug s patr bet een o on and desert art og

as been pre ious reported in Tsa o est Na ona ark de ong et a T e genera preferen e of o on art og for ood and and sa anna abitats and a k of strong asso ia on it t i k oasta

forest abitats probab e p ain t e o era o trapping rates reported for t is spe ies

Figure26 o on art og distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


12 Phacochoerus aethiopicus a as

Common namesDesert art og ng is





Relativeabundance: Desert art og ere on r ed at on one e ent in t e Boni forest a era grid a t oug t ere ere t ree ot er e ents in o ing art ogs in t e Boni forest a era grid ere t e spe ies ou d not be iden ed it ertaint ne of t ese in o ed a suspe ted u eni e fe a e desert

art og s o ing a ur ed ear p but a king an art de e op ent An adu t a e desert art og a ked past t e sa e a era da s after t is e ent disp a ing a ara teris ooked gena art see p oto abo e None ere re orded at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e

Table 27 Desert art og trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 0 1087 -


SpeciesdescriptionDesert art og are dis nguis ed b e aggerated

ook s aped arts i e tend fro a s o en base under t e e e of adu t a es and ontribute to a u idened upper fa e re a e to t e idt of t e o er u e n ike o on art og t e upper ear argins ps are fo ded ba k T e sku a so s o s s ste a di eren es in uding rudi entar or absent o er in isors in desert

art og and t ere is a so strong gene support for di eren a ng t ese spe ies Randi et a d uart and rubb


Occupancy T e o urren e of desert art og at a sing e o a on in t e en re stud i p ies t at t e are not idespread in t e area Tab e

Behaviour T e on r ed and a possib e e ent for t e spe ies bot took p a e in da ig t and ours Figure

Figure 27 Te pora distribu on of desert art og re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

1

2

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 28 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e desert art og in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A

Boni forest 0.08

Dodori NR N A N A N A




Summary

T e iden a on of t e a era-trap i ages as a desert art og as on r ed independent b T But nski de ong and d uart T e re ord represents a ne o a on for t is spe ies t oug it in t e kno n range S patri o-e isten e of o on and desert art og as been pre ious re orded in Tsa o est Na ona ark in en a de ong et a t is noted t at neit er bus pig nor o on

art og ere p otograp ed at t e sa e a era as desert art og but bot ere present at ot er a era sites in t e sa e a era grid Figure

Figure 28 Desert art og distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


13 Hippopotamus amphibius innaeus

Common nameso on ippopota us ng is iboko S a i i

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable.




Relativeabundance: A sing e ippo as p otograp ed on e in t e Dodori a era grid No ippo e ents o urred at an ot er site Tab e

Table 29 ippopota us trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 1 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e assi e rounded bod super ia air essness and uni ue ead and a s of t e o on ippo are un istakeab e


Occupancy T e sing e re ord i p ies t at ippos ere not ide present in t e a era grids during t e sur e period t is noted t at t e sing e site ere ippo ere re orded as ose to a arge ater o e in t e Dodori forest na ed o a as ibokoni ater o e a dire t referen e to t e presen e of ippos kiboko is ippo in is a i i Tab e

Behaviour T e sing e re ord as obtained at nig t in keeping it kno n ippo gra ing be a iour Figure

Figure 29 Te pora distribu on of ippopota us re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

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dent

phot

ogra

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Hour of the day

Table 30 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e ippo in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.05




Summary

ippopota us are present a ong t e o er Tana Ri er and in t e Tana stuar ere t eir tra ks a be found on sa t ater bea es T e a so ake use of se era ater o es ad a ent to t e a era grids a ong t e Dodori ri er ater ourse T e a k of re ords suggests t at ippos do not regu ar ake in ursions into t e targeted forest areas T is is in keeping it t e genera abitat preferen e assess ent t at t e prefer open grass and Figure

Figure 30 ippopota us distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




CarnivoresT e four a era grids dete ted spe ies of arni ores it tota e ents T e o prise t ree Fe idae Afri an ion eopard ara a t o i erridae Afri an i et entra Afri an arge-spo ed genet one

aenidae Spo ed aena one anidae Afri an i d dog e erpes dae o on d arf ongoose ars ongoose S ender ongoose Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose ite tai ed ongoose and one uste idae one badger

A ross a sites t e ost fre uent en ountered arni ore as t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose e ents fo o ed b t e arge-spo ed genet e ents eopard e ents and Spo ed aena

e ents T e re aining nine arni ore spe ies ere re orded it ess t an e ents ea

T e t ree a era grids in t e Boni-Dodori s ste re orded si i ar nu bers of arni ore spe ies eig t nine and eig t respe e it Boni forest re ording t e ig est nu ber of e ents n e arni ore spe ies ere dete ted at t e Arabuko-Sokoke Cynometra forest a era grid


14 Panthera pardus innaeus

Common nameseopard ng is ui S a i i

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List Status: Near Threatened.




Relativeabundance: eopard ere re orded in e ents a ross t e Boni-Dodori a era grids T ere ere no e ents in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid Tab e T e ig est trapping rates o urred in t e Boni forest a era grid it t e Boni NR and Dodori NR a era grids

Table 31 eopard trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 5 1087


Speciesdescriptioneopards are ediu si ed ats easuring up to

at t e s ou der and eig ing up to kg n a era-trap i ages eopards are re ognisab e b

t e arrange ent of spots in rose e pa erns i dis nguis es t e fro t e so id spots of ot er

ediu si ed spo ed ats e anis for s are so e es seen but none ere re orded in t is survey.


Occupancy n t e Boni forest a era grids e ents o urred at of fu opera ona a era sites o pared to a of sites in Dodori T ese o upan es ates suggest t e eopard o urs in and ore fre uent t an near t e oast No e ents took p a e at t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid

Tab e

Behaviour eopards ere a e t roug out t e da and nig t but it a peak around da n - and anot er peak after sunset - eopards are onsidered diurna but un ng often

o urs at nig t ingdon Figure

Figure 31 Te pora distribu on of eopard re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

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8

10

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nts

Hour of the day

Table 32 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e eopard in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.47

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.20




Summary

eopards ere regu ar en ountered in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Figure it i ages s o ing sing e indi idua s and at east one se uen e of a fe a e a o panied b a e gro n o spring A stud is p anned to see if indi idua iden t based on indi idua spot pa erns an produ e at east a

ini u es ate of t e nu ber of indi idua s re orded in ea a era grid eopards ere e pe ted at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T e a e been re orded t ere in t e past But t e fai ure to dete t an o er

da s of a era-trapping suggests t at t e are u redu ed in t is prote ted area o pared to the northern forests.

Figure 32 eopard distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




15 Panthera leo innaeus

Common namesAfri an ion ng is Si ba S a i i





Relativeabundance: T ere as on one e ent ere t e Afri an ion as re orded in t e Boni forest a era grid Tab e

Table 33 ion trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -

Boni forest 1 1026

Dodori NR 0 1087 -


SpeciesdescriptionT e Afri an ion e kno n and dis n e a es are arger t an fe a es and a s o a t i k ane although this is believed to be less developed in t e ions of oasta eastern en a n a era-trap i ages adu t ions are un istakab e due to t eir si e and t e absen e of spots


Occupancy T e Afri an ion as dete ted at a sing e site in t e Boni forest a era grid Tab e

Behaviour T is spe ies is ain diurna but unts at nig t t e sing e e ent took p a e at nig t Figure

Figure 33 Te pora distribu on of Afri an ion re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o er a our period

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

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3

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Hour of the day

Table 34 Na e o upan and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Afri an ion in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A

Boni forest 0.08





Summary

T e Afri an ion is assi ed as u nerab e it gro ing on ern at t e de ining trend in it s popu a on si e Based on N Red ist distribu on infor a on and ot er do u enta on of Arabuko-Sokoke Forest ions a e not been re orded t ere in re ent es T e sing e re ord fro Boni forest Figure a so ies outside t e distribu on areas urrent indi ated b N Be ause t e a era grids ere fo used on

forest and t i ket abitat rat er t an ore open grass ands of t e asso iated abitat osai t e a not be best p a ed to sa p e ion presen e onse uent t e o dete on rate is of itse f ess signi ant t an t e on r a on of ions using t e region

Figure 34 ion distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke

Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


16Caracal caracal S reber

Common namesara a ng is Si ba angu S a i i



en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t T ird S edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass B


Relativeabundance: T e ara a as infre uent re orded in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids t as one of t e t ree spe ies of arni ores re orded in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e

Table 35 ara a trapping rates in t e Boni Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 6 1670


Dodori NR 4 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e ara a is a ediu si ed at - ong and

ig at t e s ou der t as a t i k oat i aries in o our fro ta n gre to reddis to sand e o ara a s are dis n e ats it pro inent

and uni ue tasse ed ears aking t e un ike to be istaken for ot er spe ies in ear a era-trap i ages see su ar for dis ussion of o den cat Caracalaurata).


Occupancy Na e o upan for t e ara a as si i ar in t e Boni Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids range t as not en ountered in Boni forest Tab e

Behaviour ara a are kno n to be a e at a ours of t e da but in t e stud areas t e a orit of re ords o urred at nig t Figure

Figure 35 Te pora distribu on of ara a re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

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b)

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Num

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Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table36 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e ara a in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.11


Dodori NR 0.15




Summary

A t oug t e sa p e si e is s a t is is anot er spe ies ere dete on b a era-trap o urred at ig er rates in t e nort ern reser es t an Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure Note t at a sing e sig ng

re ord of go den at Caracalaurata as been reported fro Arabuko-Sokoke Forest But nski et a and as a resu t it as been suggested t at go den at ig t be e pe ted in t e nort ern oasta forests as

e ar a or un ear i ages of a ara a ig t ook si i ar to a go den at in so e situa ons but in t e e ent no ara a i ages ere a bi a ent in t is a and t ere as no e iden e for presen e of go den at in any of the survey grids in this study.

Figure36 ara a distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




17 Civettictis civetta S reber

Common namesAfri an i et ng is Nga a S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e Afri an i et as re orded in four separate e ents in t ree di erent a era o a ons it in t e Dodori a era-trap grid Tab e

Table 37 Afri an i et trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 4 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e spe ies is easi dis nguis ab e in a era-trap i ages T e inter ediate bod si e rat er dog- ike ead and dis n e b ot ed and striped oat pa ern it dark fa ia ask and ite ne k

stripes a dis nguis fro ot er s a spo ed carnivores.


Occupancy T e Afri an i et as on dete ted in t e Dodori NR in t ree a era sta ons Tab e

Behaviour T e Afri an i et as found to be no turna Figure

Figure 37 Te pora distribu on of Afri an i et re ords in Dodori NR t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

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ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 38 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Afri an i et in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.15




Summary

n t is stud Afri an i et ere on dete ted in Dodori NR Figure T e use of aried abitats in uding forest ood and and grass and osai it a ua en iron ents is ara teris of t e spe ies ingdon and o ann Dodori is a so t e on site ere ood and sa anna adapted spe ies su as esser kudu and dik-dik ere a so dete ted a ong it spe ies in abi ng ri er ourses and ater bodies ippopota us and ars ongoose

Figure 38 Afri an i et distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




18 Genetta maculata ra

Common namesentra Afri an arge-spo ed genet ng is anu S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e arge-spo ed genet as t e ost fre uent re orded arni ore spe ies o era and at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t e se ond ost fre uent en ountered spe ies after suni n t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste it as en ountered ost often in t e Dodori a era grids ere trapping rates ere t ree and si es greater t an t ose in t e Boni forest and na ona reser e a era grids respe e Tab e

Table 39 arge-spo ed genet trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 8 1670

Boni forest 10 1026

Dodori NR 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e arge-spo ed genet is an agi e s a predator

it a gre to sand o oured oat ro s of dark arkings running ongitudina do n its bod

broad dark rings on the tail and pale leg colouring. n distribu ona grounds t ere is a possibi it of

o er ap it t e o on genet A t oug i age ua it did not a o r iden a on in a ases

a indi idua s in t is stud a e been iden ed as arge-spo ed genets as t is is a forest asso iated spe ies A ear i ages onsistent s o ed features of arge-spo ed genet un ike t e s a er

ider spa ed spots narro er tai rings and dark ind egs of t e o on genet


Occupancy T e arge-spo ed genet as dete ted t roug out t e four a era grids it dete ons at of t e a era sites in t e Dodori a era grid and - of t e a era sites in t e Boni and Arabuko-

Sokoke Forest a era grids Tab e

Behaviour T e arge-spo ed genet disp a ed no turna be a iour it e ents o urring fro to Figure

Figure 39 Te pora distribu on of arge-spo ed genet re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

2

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8

10

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10

a)

b)

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Num

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Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table 40 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e arge-spo ed genet in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest 0.46

Dodori NR 0.70




Summary

T e arge-spo ed genet as re orded onsistent a ross a four forest reser es Figure A it pa erns on r t at t e ost fre uent re orded s a predator in t ese abitats is stri t no turna Not a i ages

of genets in t is data set ere su ient ear to on r spe ies iden t but it is assu ed t at on one spe ies is in o ed on t e basis of abit and onsistent appearan e of indi idua s in t e ear i ages

Figure 40 arge-spo ed genet distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


19 Crocuta crocuta r eben

Common namesSpo ed aena ng is Fisi S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e spo ed aena as re orded at er o fre uen in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids trapping rate Tab e

Table 41 Spo ed aena trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 8 1026

Dodori NR 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e spo ed aena is a arge arni ore - ong and - ta at t e s ou der T e une en spo ng and t pi a bod s ape is dis n e in a era-trap i ages


Occupancy T e spo ed aena as dete ted in a t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e t as not re orded in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

Behaviour A t oug spo ed aena are kno n to be bot no turna and diurna in t e stud area t e ere re orded predo inant at nig t it re ords fro to it a peak in a it bet een

and Figure

Figure 41 Te pora distribu on of spo ed aena re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0

1

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3

4

5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

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Hour of the day

Table 42 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e spo ed aena in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.26

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.15




Summary

T e fai ure to dete t spo ed aenas in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure a be furt er indi a on of t e u an pressure on arger spe ies in t is area o pared to t e Boni-Dodori region A t oug onser a on status is assi ed as east on ern b N it is noted t at t e popu a on trend is onsidered to be de reasing T is is anot er spe ies apparent doing be er in t e re a e ess de e oped

region of Boni-Dodori

Figure 42 Spo ed aena distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest sa p ing grid bo o note s bo s a es


20 Lycaon pictus S reber

Common namesAfri an i d dog un ng dog ainted dog ng is b a itu S a i i

GlobalconservationstatusN Red ist Status ndangered


en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t istedAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es isted


Relativeabundance: T e Afri an i d dog as on re orded at t e Boni a era grid it a tota of e ents a ross t ree a eras Tab e A a i u of t ree indi idua s ere dete ted at one e ent

Table 43 i d dog trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670


Dodori NR 0 1087 -


SpeciesdescriptionA arge dog it ong s i egs arge rounded b a k ears ite tai p and ariab e pe age pa ern aking t is spe ies easi re ognisab e a ani a s pe age o oura on is uni ue aking

it re iab e to iden f indi idua s in ear ie s a t oug t e i ages obtained ere insu ient

ear to app t is in t is a era-trap stud


Occupancy T e i d dog as re orded at t ree a eras in t e Boni NR a era grid Tab e

Behaviour A i ages of t e i d dog ere aptured in da ig t ents o urred bet een and Figure

Figure 43 Te pora distribu on of i d dog re ords in Boni NR t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

Num

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epen

dent

phot

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eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 44 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e i d dog in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.16






Summary

T e presen e of t e ndangered Afri an i d dog in t e interior of Boni NR Figure is furt er e iden e of t e onser a on i portan e of t ese reser es A t oug t e nu ber of e ents is fe and o ur o er a s ort e period t is pa ern is t pi a of t e e o og of t is ide ranging spe ies i tends to o ur at o densit t roug out its range

Figure 44 i d dog distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




21 Mellivora capensis S reber

Common namesone badger Rate ng is N egere S a i i





Relativeabundance: one badger ere infre uent re orded in a four a era grids it t e ig est nu ber of e ents in t e Boni a era grid Tab e

Table 45 one badger trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 4 1670

Boni forest 1 1026

Dodori NR 2 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e one badger is a arge uste id - ong and at t e s ou der ost s o a s arp di ide bet een t eir b a k o er bod and si er or grey upper body. Although all black individuals, par u ar in forest en iron ents are kno n a indi idua s p otograp ed in t is stud ere of t e t pi a for


Occupancy one badgers ere dete ted in a t e a era grids it t e ig est na e o upan in t e Boni NR a era grid and er o na e o upan in t e rest of t e a era grids Tab e

Behaviour f undisturbed one badger are kno n to be a e during bot da and nig t but in areas it u an presen e t e tend to be o e no turna T e s a nu ber of re ords in t is stud s o

bot da and nig t e a it Figure

Figure 45 Te pora distribu on of one badger re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3 a)

b)

Num

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Num

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Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table46 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e one badger in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.21

Boni forest 0.08

Dodori NR 0.10




Summary

T e one badger as re orded at o fre uen in a forest reser es a t oug at on one o a on in Arabuko-Sokoke Cynometraforest Figure T e A eer peop e in t e nort ern oasta forests are kno n for t eir abi it to nd one t roug ist ed o uni a ons it b a k-t roated one guides Indicatorindicator t ou d be of interest to understand t e o a o unit a tude to one badger

in re a on to i d one ar es ng

Figure46 one badger distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




22 Helogale parvula Sunde a

Common nameso on d arf ongoose ng is itafe S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e d arf ongoose as infre uent re orded it a a i u of e e ents in t e Boni forest a era grid Tab e

Table 47 D arf ongoose trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 5 1026

Dodori NR 2 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e o on d arf ongoose is ong it a slender body, pointed head, short legs and a ong tai T e are so iab e and often o e in arge groups t s s a si e dis nguis es it fro a ot er

ongooses e ept t e er si i ar So a i d arf ongoose Helogale hirtula). It is not possible to

dis ern bet een t ese t o spe ies fro b a k and ite a era-trap p otograp s n distribu ona

abitat grounds it is onsidered ore ike t at t e ani a s re orded are o on d arf ongoose but bot spe ies are reported in ose pro i it in t e area and it ou d be a uab e to on r t is iden a on in future


Occupancy T e d arf ongoose as dete ted in a t e a era grids it ig est o upan in t e Boni forest a era grid and o est o upan in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid Tab e

Behaviour D arf ongoose ere diurna it e ents o urring bet een and Figure

Figure 47 Te pora distribu on of d arf ongoose re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3 a)

b)

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table 48 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e d arf ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.16

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.10




Summary

D arf ongooses ere re orded in a four forest sites at a fe a era o a ons Figure T e o trapping rates a in part re e t t e fa t t at t is spe ies is u ore asso iated it ig t ood and and bus abitats rat er t an forest and t i ket on r a on of t e e a t spe ies iden a on b inspe on of i e spe i ens is re o ended espe ia of t e for found nort of t e Tana Ri er

Figure 48 D arf ongoose distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


23 Atilax paludinosus u ier

Common namesars ongoose ng is Ngu iro a a i S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e spe ies as on re orded on e in t e Dodori a era grid Tab e

Table 49 ars ongoose trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 1 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e ars ongoose is one of t e argest of t e

ongoose fa i gro ing up to fro nose to tai t as t i k dark bro n fur and b a k pped guard airs i gi e its oat a ourse appearan e T e ars ongoose is so itar and as t e na e suggests fa ours per anent fres ater abitats ts arge si e dark o oura on and ea fra e

dis nguis it fro ot er spe ies of ongoose


Occupancy T e ars ongoose as dete ted on on e in t e Dodori a era grid Tab e

Behaviour T e on re ord of t e ars ongoose o urred at Figure

Figure 49 Te pora distribu on of ars ongoose re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 50 Na e and ode ed o upan es ates and dete on probabi it es ates for t e ars ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.05




Summary

ars ongoose in abit ri er ourses and ake s ore areas T e on re ord of t is spe ies in t e sur e a e fro a a era ose to t e ater o es asso iated it t e Dodori Ri er in Dodori NR T e sa e a era produ ed t e on re ord of anot er se i-a ua spe ies t e ippopota us furt er indi a ng

pro i it of a ua abitat ondi ons at t is o a on Figure

Figure 50 ars ongoose distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


24 Herpestes sanguineus R ppe

Common namesS ender ongoose B a k-tai ed ongoose B a k- pped ongoose ng is





Relativeabundance: T e s ender ongoose as re orded on si o asions at di erent a era sitesone site in Dodori NR and e in Boni forest Tab e

Table 51 S ender ongoose trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -

Boni forest 5 1026

Dodori NR 1 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e s ender ongoose is - ong it a -

tai ts bod is e ongated and t e ong tai ends in a tuft of b a k fur i is often e d up or ur ed ba k to ards t e bod n a era-trap i ages t e s ender ongoose an be dis nguis ed b its o -s ung bod ig t bui d and ong tai it b a k ter ina tuft


Occupancy T e s ender ongoose as on dete ted in t e Dodori NR and Boni forest a era grids Tab e

Behaviour A si s ender ongoose e ents o urred during da ig t Figure

Figure 51 Te pora distribu on of s ender ongoose re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

0.5

2

1.5

2.5

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 52 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e s ender ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A

Boni forest 0.08

Dodori NR 0.05




Summary

T e s ender ongoose is one of t e ost ide o urring ongooses in Afri a t is found in a ide range of abitats and is not spe i a asso iated it forest and t i ket abitat t as on re orded on si o asions at separate a era sites in Dodori NR and Boni forest Figure A t oug pre ious reported fro Arabuko-Sokoke Forest anga none ere dete ted t ere in t is sur e t see s ike t at a t oug to erant of a ide range of abitats t e idespread presen e of t e Sokoke bus tai ed

ongoose a oasta forest spe ia ist in t e nort ern forest s ste a in ibit t e nu bers of ot er ongoose spe ies

Figure 52 S ender ongoose distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


25 Ichneumia albicauda u ier

Common namesite-tai ed ongoose ng is ara bago S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e ite-tai ed ongoose anot er idespread spe ies asso iated it a range of abitats as re orded t i e in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and on e in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste Tab e

Table 53 ite-tai ed ongoose trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1 1670


Dodori NR 0 1087 -


Speciesdescriptionit a bod - ong and a - tai

t e ite-tai ed ongoose is t e argest of t e ongoose fa i T e pa e bod o oura on it

dark egs see abo e is super ia re inis ent of t e pa ern on t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose in a era-trap i ages T e ite-tai ed ongoose is recognised by its longer legs, arched back and long t pi a tapering tai usua but not ne essari

ite gi ing it a dis n e bod s ape


Occupancy T e ite-tai ed ongoose as dete ted in on one a era sta on in Boni NR and in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid in on t o out of t e a era sta ons Tab e

Behaviour Bot ite-tai ed ongoose e ents o urred in t e e ening Figure

Figure 53 Te pora distribu on of iite-tai ed ongoose re ords in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t roug t e our e

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0

1

2

3

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 54 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e ite-tai ed ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR






Summary

T e ite-tai ed ongoose as on re orded on t o o asions in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Cynometra forest and on e in Boni NR Figure As it se era ot er ongoose spe ies using a ide range of abitats t e a era-trap sa p e ones are not fo used on preferred abitat for t is spe ies T e presen e of t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose a forest spe ia ist re a e at u ig er fre uen is ike to be a fa tor t oug a detai ed stud of t e forests s a arni ore o unit ou d be needed to on r and e p ain t ese di eren es

Figure 54 ite-tai ed ongoose distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


26Bdeogale omnivora e er

Common namesSokoke bus -tai ed ongoose Sokoke dog ongoose ng is Sokoke S a i i





Relative abundance: T e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose is t e ost fre uent re orded of t e e spe ies of ongoose in t e a era grids t as on re orded in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste it t e forests nort of t e Boni-Dodori orridor par u ar i portant t is kno n to o ur in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest as its na e suggests but despite greater sa p ing e ort in t is area no indi idua s ere dete ted Tab e

Table 55 Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es

Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 55 1670

Boni forest 45 1026

Dodori NR 17 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose as origina

assi ed as a subspe ies of t e bus -tai ed ongoose B. crassicuda) but ore re ent as

a so been treated as a fu spe ies Ta or t is - ong and as dense rea - o oured under fur ontribu ng to a pa e bod o our it darker legs and tail. It is shorter legged than the

ite-tai ed ongoose and t e dark tai is of ore e en t i kness a ong its engt dis nguis ing it fro dark orp s of ite-tai ed ongoose


Occupancy T e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose as on dete ted in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids upan es ates ere ig er in t e t o Boni forest b o ks t an at Dodori Forest Tab e

Behaviour Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose ere no turna it no e ents o urring bet een and Figure

Figure 55 Te pora distribu on of Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o er a 24 hour period.

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table56 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.74

Boni forest 0.62

Dodori NR



Summary

T e presen e of t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste as pre ious kno n fro useu spe i ens T e ne infor a on fro t e a era-trap sur e is t at t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste is ike to a t as a er signi ant popu a on entre for t e spe ies Figure T e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is a so onsidered an i portant site for t e spe ies but no indi idua s ere dete ted in t e no etra forest sa p ed b t e a era grid despite signi ant sur e e ort Furt er sur e s in t e Bra stegia and i ed forests are re uired to on r t e status of t e Sokoke bus -tai ed

ongoose in t is area Des ribed as no turna and so itar it is notab e t at a ost of a era-trap events recorded pairs foraging together.

Figure56Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose distribu on eig ted b

trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo

s a es


Afrotheria T e afrot eria are a group of a a s t at a e e o ed into astonis ing di erse and dissi i ar fa i ies and spe ies a ing s ared a er distant o on an estor untner et a T e are no found pri ari in Afri a T e oasta forests of en a ost at east e spe ies ea aris a in ar ing a s

Afrot eria are ost pro inent represented in t e stud area b sengis e ep ant-s re s ost notab e is t e go den-ru ped sengi i is stri t ende i to t is region of en a so o dependent on t e en an oasta forests T e do u enta on of distribu on and re ording fre uen of a ne for of giant sengi probab ose re ated to go den-ru ped in t e nort ern forests is one of t e notab e outputs of t is report n addi on to t e giant sengis t o s a er soft-furred sengi spe ies are present and a t oug fre uent p otograp ed ou d not be re iab dis nguis ed in i ager obtained T o ot er Afrot eria re orded are t e aard- ark and Afri an e ep ant Bot are notab e for aking unusua ob ious e o ogi a i pa ts t roug t eir nor a be a iour and e ep ants in par u ar p a a signi ant e ono i ro e at na ona interna ona e e

Sengis or elephant shrews

T ere are urrent onsidered to be spe ies of sengi or e ep ant s re s fro a sing e fa i a ros e ididae a ende i to Afri a T e group is di ided into t o e -de ned sub-fa i ies t e soft-

furred sengis a ros e idinae it t ree genera and spe ies and t e giant sengis R n o oninae it a sing e genus Rhynchocyon and four spe ies T e ontane and oasta forests of en a and Tan ania

are the centre of diversity for Rhynchocyon it en a arbouring t o spe ies t e b a k-and-rufous sengi R.petersi and t e ende i go den-ru ped e ep ant s re R.chrysopygus Tan ania as t ree spe ies t e e uered sengi R.cirnei t e ende i gre -fa ed sengi R.udzungwensis and R.petersi)).

T e four a era grids dete ted bot t e soft-furred sengis and giant sengis T o soft-furred sengi spe ies are kno n to o ur in t e Boni-Dodori forests T e ranges of t e rufous sengi Elephantulusrufescens) and four-toed sengi Petrodromustetradactylus ere re ent e tended fo o ing a pre i inar sur e Andan e et a o e er it as di u t to deter ine t e spe ies fro t e b a k and ite i ages

in t is stud T erefore t e data for t e soft-furred sengis are grouped for ana ses T e giant sengi dete ted in t e nort ern a era grids a be a ne spe ies t s o s no sign of t e dis n e pa e ru p of t e go den-ru ped e ep ant s re found in t e Arabuko-Sokoke forest Furt er in es ga on into its ta ono i status is in progress

Bot sub-fa i ies ere dete ted in a four a era grids T e soft-furred sengis o urred at t e ig est trapping rate in t e Boni forest a era grid fo o ed b Boni NR Trapping rate for t e Rhynchocyonsp.

as a so ig est in t e Boni forest a era grid Figure

Figure 57 Trapping rates for t e soft-furred and giant sengi re orded at ea of t e four a era sa p ing sites

0

5

10

15

20

25

Giant sengi Soft-furred sengi

Trap

ping

rate

Boni NR Boni forest Dodori NR Arabuko-SokokeForest


27 Loxodonta africana B u enba

Common namesAfri an e ep ant ng is Ndo u Te bo S a i i



en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t First s edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass B


Relativeabundance: T e Afri an e ep ant as on re orded at o fre uen trapping rate to in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e

Table 57 Afri an e ep ant trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 2 1670

Boni forest 12 1026

Dodori NR 1087


SpeciesdescriptionThe African elephant is the largest of the African and a a s ike bu a o a era-trap i ages o on on s o part of t e ani a as a eras

are set to onitor s a er spe ies


Occupancy A t oug kno n to o ur in t e area Afri an e ep ant as not dete ted in t e Arabuko-Sokoke a era grid T e spe ies ad a o o upan in Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e

Behaviour Afri an e ep ant ere a e bot during t e da and at nig t Figure

Figure 58 Te pora distribu on of Afri an e ep ant re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o er a our period

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

1

2

3

4

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Table 58 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Afri an e ep ant in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.11

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.15




Summary

A t oug kno n to use t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest ere a dung ount sur e es ated Afri an e ep ants in none ere re orded t ere in t is sur e Figure A popu a on es ate of e ep ants as obtained for t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste in but t e data ua it as indi ated to be o itoro et a T e argest group dete ted b a era-trapping nu bered indi idua s in uding at east e oung o passed onse u e in front of a era in Boni forest on t e e ening of t August For e ep ants it ou d be of interest to o bine future a era-trapping in t ese sites

it si u taneous sig t and sign sur e s of e ep ant

Figure 59 African elephant distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


28 Orycteropus afer a as

Common namesAard- ark ng is

GlobalconservationstatusIUCN Red List: Least Concern.


en a i d ife onser a on and anage ent A t T ird S edu eAfri an on en on on t e onser a on of Nature and Natura Resour es ass B


Relativeabundance: Aard- arks ere re orded on o asions fro a four a era grids Trapping rates do not ar great but t e o est trapping rate as re orded at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e T e ere t e east fre uent re orded of t e arge spe ies ike to ake regu ar use of forest-t i ket abitat a t oug t e o urred at ig er rates t an b ue duiker in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste

Table 59 Aard- ark trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 7 1670

Boni forest 5 1026

Dodori NR 4 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e ar ed bod s ape stout i bs and tai e ongated fa e and ong ears of t e aard- ark

ake it ig dis n e fro a ost an ang e of ie T e are notab e for a er ide on nenta

distribu on and a orresponding ide range of abitat to eran e fro forest to grass ands and

desert argins


Occupancy Aard- ark as p otograp ed at bet een Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and Boni NR of t e a era sta ons Tab e

Behaviour A p otograp s took p a e fro to as e pe ted for t e e -kno n no turna abit of t is spe ies Figure

Figure60 Te pora distribu on of aard- ark re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

1

2

3

4

a)

b)

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table60 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e Aard- ark in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.10




Summary

T is stud as on r ed t e onsistent presen e of aard- ark at o e e s in a four stud areas Figure Bot trapping rate and na e o upan are o est at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest sugges ng

t e a be o para e ess fre uent in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a pa ern obser ed in near a ot er arge a a spe ies T e presen e of aard- ark is i portant bot for its unusua p ogene status and e o ogi a ro e T e aard- ark s e tensi e tunne ing and digging in ter ite ounds is be ie ed to pro ide feeding opportuni es and i ing spa e for an indire t asso iated spe ies B rea ng t ese ni es t e aard- ark ontributes dire t to forest di ersit i iers

Figure61Aard- ark distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




29 Petrodromus tetradactylus eters and

Elephantulus rufescens eters

Common namesetrodro us tetrada t us - Four-toed sengi four-toed e ep ant s re ng is san e S a i iep antu us rufes ens - Rufous sengi rufous e ep ant s re ng is





Relativeabundance: T e soft-furred sengis appear to be onsiderab ore abundant in t e ore in and forests nort of t e Boni-Dodori orridor trapping rate t an sout of t e orridor trapping rate

Soft-furred sengis ere found at a o er fre uen in t e Arabuko-Sokoke no etra forest trapping rate Tab e

Table61 Soft-furred trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 1026

Dodori NR 75 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e four-toed sengi as a - ong bod it a - tai T e rufous sengi is around ong Despite t e si e di eren e it is er di u t to di eren ate bet een t e t o spe ies in b a k and

ite a era-trap i ages To a oid fa se es ates t ese t o representa es of t e soft-furred sengi group a e been o bined as a sing e ategors a sengis


Occupancy Soft-furred sengis ere dete ted in a four a era grids it si i ar o upan in t e t ree nort ern oasta forests and o er o upan in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e

Behaviour Soft-furred sengis are ost a e in t e ear orning and ate e ening T e ere a ost e usi e dete ted no turna it on a sing e e ent o urring bet een and Figure

Figure62 Te pora distribu on of soft-furred sengi re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

10

0

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

a)

b)

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Num

ber o

f ind

epen

dent

phot

ogra

phic

eve

nts

Hour of the day

Hour of the day

Table62 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for soft-furred sengi in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.47

Boni forest 0.46

Dodori NR 0.50



Summary

Based on ear ier Boni-Dodori forest s ste sur e s t e ranges of t e rufous sengi and four-toed sengi a e been e tended to t e en an nort ern oasta forests bet een t e Tana Ri er and t e So a i

border Andan e et a T e a era-trap sur e as pro ided ne data on t eir a it pa erns and re a e abundan e Figure ike an ot er spe ies t e s o genera ig er dete on rates in t e Boni-Dodori s ste t an at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Abi it to dis nguis t e t o spe ies in o ed a signi ant a e t interpreta on of t ese pre i inar obser a ons a era-trapping a be of i ited use in reso ing t is issue a t oug future tests of ite as a eras to pro ide o our i ages at nig t

ig t be usefu

Figure63Soft-furred sengi distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


30 Rhyncocyon sp.

Common namesiant sengi ng is

GlobalconservationstatusN Red ist Status ndangered R n o on r sop gus




Relativeabundance: T e Boni giant sengi appears to be onsiderab ore abundant nort of t e Boni-Dodori orridor trapping rate t an sout of t e orridor trapping rate T e go den-ru ped e ep ant s re as found at si i ar o er fre uen in t e Arabuko-Sokoke no etra forest Tab e

Table63 iant sengi trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 82 1026

Dodori NR 17 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e go den-ru ped sengi of Arabuko-Sokoke forest is e -kno n for its dis n e o our pa ern t e pa e e o ru p o our s o s e in a era trap i ages a era trapping as on r ed t at t e giant sengis found north of the Tana river in the Boni-Dodori forest s ste onsistent a k go den ru p arkings Dark o ouring is restri ted to t e ru p and t ig s dis nguis ing it fro t e b a k-and-rufous sengi R. petersi) found in southern oasta en a ere b a k o oura on e tends

o er ost of t e rear a f of t e bod T e fa ia pelage of R.petersi is also bright rufous, rather than t e gri ed e o -bro n seen on t e Boni giant sengi Andan e et a T e status of boni giant sengis re ains unreso ed - see su ar

b) The giant sengi recorded in the northern coastal forests

a o den-ru ped sengi re orded in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest


Occupancy iant sengis ere dete ted in a four a era grids ode ed o upan es ates fo o ed a si i ar pa ern to trapping rates it t e ig est o upan a ues in t e t o ore in and nort ern forests Boni NR and Boni forest o pared to Dodori NR T e go den-ru ped e ep ant s re as a so found to a e re a e ig o upan in Arabuko-Sokoke forest o upan Tab e

Behaviour a era-trapping data on r s t at t e giant sengis in t is stud are a ost en re diurna A but one e ent took p a e bet een and Figure eak a it o urred at da n

it a it de ining un dusk en t ere as a s a er peak T is be a iour is t e opposite of t e soft-furred sengi spe ies i are stri t no turna Figure

Figure64 Te pora distribu on of giant sengi re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table64 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e giant sengi in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest 0.85

Dodori NR 0.20



Summary

t ad been assu ed for an ears t at t e giant sengi o urring in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste ere go den-ru ped e ep ant s re R. chrysopygus o e er it is no ear t at t e do not s are t e sa e dis n e arkings Andan e et a T e Boni giant sengi as i ustrated abo e in t e spe ies a era-trap i ages a ks t e go den ru p t at is diagnos of R.chrysopygusand there are other subtle

di eren es in pe age o oura on Super ia it bears oser rese b an e to t e gre -fa ed sengi R.udzungwensis a spe ies fro undreds of ki o etres to t e sout in Tan ania DNA ana sis is urrent being undertaken to deter ine et er t is is a ne spe ies of Rhynchocyon re i inar resu ts fro one sa p e indi idua indi ate t at despite t e a k of a go den ru p t e osest re a e of t e Boni giant sengi is go den-ru ped e ep ant s re Ro ero pers o T is a ords it geograp i pro i it but a arger sa p e base is re uired to fu reso e t is issue

Figure65 iant sengi distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




Primates T ree spe ies of pri ates S kes s onke e o baboon and er et onke ere dete ted b t e ground based a eras at t e four a era grids niden ed ga agos possib represen ng t o di erent spe ies

ere dete ted on e in Boni NR and t i e in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest S kes s onke s of t e albogularis sub-spe ies ere dete ted at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest i e t e ore brig t arked albotorquatus sub-spe ies as present at a t ree sites in t e Boni-Dodori s ste Toget er t e ere t e ost fre uent p otograp ed pri ates e ents fo o ed b e o baboon e ents in Boni and Dodori and er et

onke nine e ents in Dodori on

A ke point to bear in ind is t at trapping rate and o upan a ues for pri ate spe ies t at in ude an arborea e e ent in t eir be a iour are e en ess suitab e for bet een spe ies o parisons t an is nor a t e ase a ong stri t terrestria spe ies T e ore arborea a spe ies is in abit t e ore t is is true T ese para eters are s of a ue in rea ng a base ine for future it in spe ies o parisons and are reported here for that purpose.


31 Cercopithecus mitis o f ssp. albotorquatus de ousargues and

albogularis S kes

Common namesS kes s onke B ue onke an ibar S kes s onke ousargues s S kes s onke ng is i a S a i i

GlobalconservationstatusN Red ist Status u nerab e ssp albotorguatus east on ern ssp albolgularis).




Relativeabundance: S kes s onke ere re orded at t e o est trapping rates in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest era trapping rate in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste as s o a eraging Tab e

Table65 S kes s onke trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 6 1026

Dodori NR 8 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e S kes s onke is - ong it a -

tai T e oat is s ort and gri ed greenis bro n on t e ba k and fa e it b a k or gre sides i bs tai and undersides A ite triang e is present ust be o t e t roat a narro ite o ar

ark is present on t e albogularis sub-spe ies an ibar S kes s onke Arabuko-Sokoke Forest

i e t e albotorquatus sub-spe ies ousargues s S kes s onke - i ustrated in t e Boni-Dodori s ste s o s a u ore pro inent broad ite o ar T ere are se enteen re ognised sub-spe ies

of S kes s onke


Occupancy an ibar S kes s onke s o urred at o er o upan a ues in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t an t e ousargeus s S kes s onke s in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste Na e o upan in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids as onsistent ose to Tab e

Behaviour S kes s onke is a diurna spe ies and a e ents o urred bet een and Figure

Figure66 Te pora distribu on of S kes s onke re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table66 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for S kes s onke in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest

Dodori NR




Summary

So ia sur e s in t e Boni Dodori area a e suggested t at t ese onke s are onsidered a on i t spe ies it in t e A eer o unit T e ere dete ted in a four sur e ed oasta forests Figure Be ause

t e are t e ost arborea in abit of t e arger pri ates reported ere t e trapping rate and o upan para eters reported s ou d on be used for it in spe ies o parisons

Figure67Distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for Pousargeus’s Sykes’s

onke at ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and an ibar S kes s onke in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


32 Chlorocebus pygerythrus F u ier

Common nameser et onke ng is Tu bi i Ngedere S a i i





Relativeabundance: T e er et onke as re orded on in t e Dodori a era grid and on at er o fre uen Tab e t is kno n to o ur in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and in t e Boni forests but t is study did not detect it in these areas.

Table67 er et onke trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 0 1670 -


Dodori NR 1087


Speciesdescriptionasi dis nguis ed fro S kes s onke b its ore unifor and pa er pe age ontras ng it

t e dark fa e t e no en ature of t is oasta representa e of t e green onke group is s sub e t to debate ere e fo o t e treat ent in a a s of Afri a sbe and a e i notes t at t e oasta for is a so kno n as anda er et onke C.p.excubitor T e er et onke as a - bod it a - tai t as a

gri ed gre or o i e ba k ro n and outer i bs T e undersides are i s t e ands and feet are darker and t e fa e and p of t e tai are b a k


Occupancy T e er et onke as on dete ted in t e Dodori a era grid it o o upan Tab e

Behaviour T e er et onke is a diurna spe ies and a t e dete ons o urred during t e da bet een and Figure

Figure68 Te pora distribu on of er et onke re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

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Table68 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e er et onke in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR N A N A N A


Dodori NR 0.20




Summary

T e er et onke is genera onsidered idespread and o on preferring sa anna and forest-grass and osai abitats notab io bo Brachystegia ood ands t as on en ountered at er o fre uen in t e Dodori NR t as dete ted in t e sa e region t at a eras re ea ed ess forest

adapted spe ies su as esser kudu and dik-dik and t is is an indi a on t at ike t e it is a ore edge adapted spe ies in t ese abitats t an t e S kes s onke s Ne ert e ess it is onsidered a on i t spe ies b t e A eer o unit in t is area t as not en ountered in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Cynometra forest a eras Figure

Figure69 er et onke distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


33 Papio cynocephalus innaeus

Common namese o baboon ng is N ani S a i i





Relativeabundance: e o baboons ere re orded on in t e Boni and Dodori NR a era grids and on at er o fre uen Tab e T e nu ber of baboons p otograp ed in a sing e e ent ranged fro to

indi idua s t is kno n to o ur in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest but as not dete ted b t is stud

Table69 e o baboon trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1 1670


Dodori NR 11 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT ere are e spe ies in t e genus Papio, all of

i s are er si i ar orp o ogi a features and probab intergrade in so e parts of t e ranges n e o baboons t e oat is e o -bro n and gri ed it ig ter undersides t is not usua possib e to dis nguis e o and o i e baboons in b a k and ite a era-trap i ages but it is genera a epted t at on e o baboons are found a ong t e ast Afri an oast ine


Occupancy T e e o baboon as on dete ted in t e Boni and Dodori NR a era grids it o o upan rates Tab e

Behaviour e o baboons are diurna it a dete ons o urring during t e da bet een and Figure

Figure 70 Te pora distribu on of e o baboon re ords in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t roug t e our e

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Table 70 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e e o baboon in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era sa p ing grids


Boni NR 0.05


Dodori NR




Summary

T e e o baboon is idespread and o on a ross io bo Brachystegia ood and as e as dr bus and t i kets steppes and t e oasta i ora t as en ountered at o fre uen in t e t o nort ern NR forests but not en ountered in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Cynometra forest Figure Furt er surveys in the Brachystegia and i ed forests are re uired to on r t e status of t e spe ies in t e area t is onsidered a on i t spe ies it in t e A eer o unit

Figure 71 e o baboon distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea

a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era sa p ing grids rig t and t e

Arabuko-Sokoke a era sa p ing grid bo o note s bo s a es


34 Unidentified galagos (Galagidae sp.)


Relativeabundance: niden ed ga agos ere re orded on e on at Boni NR a era grid in t e nort ern forests and on t ree o asions at t o o a ons in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e

Table 72 a ago trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1 1670


Dodori NR 0 1087 -


Table 71 Su ar of a ago spe ies kno n to e ist in t e sur e areas based on pub is ed sour es fro outside t is stud Species Name Arabuko-

Sokoke ForestBoni forest Dodori NR Boni NR

Otolemurgarnetti S a -eared greater galago

Y Y Y Y

Galago senegalensis Northern lesser galago Y

Galago gallarum So a i esser ga ago Y Y Y

Galagoidescocos en a oast d arf ga ago Y

SpeciesdescriptionT ere are at east four ga ago spe ies poten a present in the study areas. These are listed in Table 71 be o for referen e t is noted t at a era-trapping is not a rst oi e too to onitor t ese s a no turna ig arborea and er ui k o ing spe ies t er et ods notab o parison of a s to oi e re ordings are ore appropriate


Occupancy a agos ere dete ted at on one a era site in Boni NR and at t o sites in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Tab e

Behaviour a agos are no turna and t e four e ents a o urred at nig t in t is stud Figure

Figure 72 Te pora distribu on of ga ago re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table 73 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for uniden ed ga agos in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.05






Summary

a agos ere re orded in Boni NR and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure a era-trap i ages suggest at east t o di erent spe ies ere re orded one arger and ore robust t e ot er s a er but t eir e a t

iden t re ains unkno n Furt er studies of ga agos in t is abitat are be er ondu ted b t e ore spe i a adapted te ni ues en oned abo e

Figure 73 a ago spp distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea




RodentsT e a era-traps re orded at east t ree spe ies of rodent it t e a bian giant rat t e ost fre uent re orded of t is group it t e e ep on of t e argest spe ies su as por upines and t e giant rat ost spe ies in t is group are too s a to be re iab dete tab e in a eras pri ari set up to dete t arger a a s T e s a rodent spe ies re orded b t e a eras in t is sur e are in uded on for o p eteness


35 Cricetomys gambianus ater ouse

Common namesa bian giant rat Nort ern giant pou ed rat ng is





Relativeabundance: T e a bian giant rat as re orded on o asions it o er of t e e ents o urring in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids Tab e

Table 74 a bian giant rat trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 1670

Boni forest 22 1026

Dodori NR 6 1087


SpeciesdescriptionT e a bian giant rat an gro up to fro nose to tai t gets its na e fro t e arge

eek pou es in i it arries food ts arge si e p ain pa e-toned pe age fre uent s o ing pale colouring to the last third of the tail, give a

ara teris appearan e


Occupancy T e a bian giant rat as found to be distributed a ross a four a era grids Tab e

Behaviour T e a bian giant rat re ords in t is data set s o ed a no turna pa ern Figure

Figure 74 Te pora distribu on of a bian giant rat re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table 75 Na e and ode ed o upan es ates and dete on probabi it es ates for t e a bian giant rat in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.25




Summary

T e a bian giant rat is e represented in t e oasta forests but ike an ot er a a spe ies appears to be ore readi en ountered in t e t ree nort ern forests t an in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure

Figure 75 a bian giant rat distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


36Hystrix sp.

Common namesape and Nort Afri an rested por upine ng is Nnungu S a i i





Relativeabundance: rested por upine ere re orded on o asions Tab e

Table76 rested por upine trapping rates in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids Trapping rate as a u ated as t e ean of t e nu ber of independent p otograp i e ents per trap da es Camera grid Number of events Number of camera-trap days Trapping rate (±SE)

Boni NR 7 1670

Boni forest 6 1026

Dodori NR 10 1087


SpeciesdescriptionThe porcupines are the largest rodents in Africa.

i st un istakeab e in genera appearan e t e t o spe ies are not easi iden ed in a era-trap i ages ape rested por upine africaeaustralis)

as a ite id ine to t e ru p t e nort Afri an rested por upine cristata s o s a o ed

b a k and ite ru p area T ese features are not isib e in t e a era-trap i ages A ai ab e distribu on aps N Red ist and a a s of Afri a s o bot spe ies i ing s patri a a ong t e Tan anian border area of sout ern en a but no por upines at a a ong t e en a oast en e t ese re ords represent a range e tension but t e e a t spe ies re ains to be reso ed


Occupancy rested por upine ere pat i distributed dete ted at sites a ross t e Boni Dodori and Boni forest a era grids and a era o a ons in t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid Tab e

Behaviour T e rested por upine re ords ere pri ari no turna it no e ents o urring bet een and Figure

Figure76 Te pora distribu on of rested por upine re ords in a t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste and b t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest through the 24 hour cycle.

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Table 77 Na e and ode ed o upan and dete on probabi it es ates for t e rested por upine in t e Boni-Dodori and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grids


Boni NR 0.11

Boni forest

Dodori NR 0.25




Summary

or upines ere present in a four a era grids on r ing t eir genera distribu on a ong t e en a oast a signi ant range e tension re a e to pub is ed aps in ke sour es for Afri an a a s see

abo e ike an arger a a spe ies por upines ere re orded at ig er rates in t e t ree nort ern oasta forests t an at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Figure T e ues on of e a t spe ies iden t re ains

to be resolved.

Figure 77 Crested porcupine distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o note s bo s a es


37 Squirrels (Sciuridae sp.)

Summary

Due to t e ua it of t e b a k and ite i ages taken in t is stud and t e s a si e of t e ani a s it as not possib e to re iab iden f t e spe ies of Sciuridaep otograp ed o e er t e Red bus s uirre Paraxeruspalliatus as dete ted in o our i ages fro a pre i inar sur e prior to t is s ste a stud nspe on of t e p otograp s suggests t at t is as probab t e do inant spe ies re orded in a era-trap

i ages but at east one ot er s a er spe ies probab Heliosciurus sp as dete ted Figure

a era-trapping is not a et od of oi e for stud ing t ese s a ui k o ing and arborea spe ies but use of o our re ording a eras ou d i pro e t e ua it of infor a on a ai ab e

Figure 78 Red bus s uirre distribu on eig ted b trapping rate for ea a era site in t e Boni-Dodori a era grids rig t and t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era grid bo o re ir es

s o distribu on of uniden ed s uirre spe ies note s bo s a es


CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

T e a era-trap stud as been e ient and su essfu in pro iding a uan ta e et odo og to assess t e ri ness and re a e abundan e of t e ediu -to- arge terrestria a a o ponent at four of

en a s oasta forests

ThestudyhasrevealedtheBoni-Dodoriforestsystemisofmajorimportancetomammalconservationwithin the eastern African coastal biodiversity hotspot, with indications that it remains relativelyundisturbed,holdingcompleteandfullyfunctioningcommunitiesofpredatorsandherbivores.

The study recommends that this status is recognised and incorporated into future land use planning for thearea,withafocusonfindingswaysforthelocalcommunitiestointegratedevelopmentoftheregionwhilesustainingandgainingbenefitfromthisuniqueheritage. T irt eig t a a spe ies ere found in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste n order to o pare spe ies ri ness bet een sites spe ies o posi on is standardised it respe t to abitat preferen e and bod si e T ent t ree forest and i ed abitat terrestria ediu -to- arge a a spe ies kg adu t bod eig t a e been on r ed in t e nort ern oasta forest s ste out of t e a a spe ies re orded n o parison in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest t e on ot er arge oasta forest reser e sout of t e Tana Ri er a a spe ies ere re orded of i ere forest and i ed abitat terrestria

ediu -to- arge a a spe ies

An outstanding resu t of our stud as been t at t e ri a ndangered Aders duiker s status as easured b t o etri s a era-trapping rate and o upan ere bot one to t o orders of agnitude greater at a t ree nort ern forest sites o pared to t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest T e er

ig e e s of o upan in t e Boni-Dodori a era-trap grids er ose to or at suggest t at t is spe ies is onsistent distributed t roug t is abitat T e rep i ate ount N- i ture ode ga e an es ate of Aders duikers S a ross a era sa p ing units in Boni NR T is as based on an a erage o e range of a for Aders duiker T is es ate as deri ed indire t fro regression ana sis of o e range against bod eig t using t e ost o p ete

o e range es ates a ai ab e fro radio te e etr studies of four ot er forest duiker spe ies sing t e infor a on t at o upan as e e e and an assu p on t at ea a era sa p ing unit as o ated it in a separate o e range a densit es ate of duikers k 2 duikers k 2 as obtained App ing t is densit es ate to t e k 2 Boni NR sur e grid e on ude an

es ate of appro i ate Aders duikers in t is sa p e area

T e poten a forest and t i ket area easured fro t e assi ed ap Figure s o s a arge part of t e area is at east k 2 T is ore t an trip es t e o bined pre ious kno n range of Aders duiker

k 2 Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and ess t an k 2 of s a ered duiker abitat a ross e iso ated forests on ngu a s and in an ibar Finnie T ese ne data strong indi ate t at t e Boni Dodori forest s ste is t e ost i portant kno n popu a on entre for t is ri a endangered spe ies


t er notab e ndings in t e nort ern oasta forests in ude

A signi ant popu a on of a er dis n e for of t e giant sengi in t e nort ern oasta forests it t e oro ar t at t e range of t e be er kno n go den-ru ped e ep ant s re in Arabuko-

Sokoke Forest ou d no be e en s a er t an pre ious understood

Range e tensions for rufous sengi and four-toed sengi on r ing obser a ons fro t e pi ot stud Andan e et a

on r a on of range e tension for t e Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose in t e nort ern oasta forest s ste T e spe ies as rst reported fro i i ani in Boni in nge and an Ro pae

uoted in a a s of Afri a Ta or

Re ording of t ree Suid spe ies i ing in ose pro i it in Boni forest o on art og Desert art og and bus pig

resen e of i portant popu a on of Afri an i d dog isted as ndangered on r ed a ongside o p ete suite of arge arni ores ion eopard and spo ed aena

6. The results also indicate higher density of suni and Harvey’s duiker in the northern coastal forest re a e to Arabuko-Sokoke Forest it range e tension for Suni N Red ist indi ates nort ern i it of Suni as o er Tana Ri er

Range e tension of t e ara a based on t e N Red ist distribu on ap

Range e tension on r a on of por upines a ong t e entra and nort en an oast re a e to N Red ist and a a s of Afri a aps

Range e tension for t e b ue duiker Philantombamonticola re a e to pub is ed distribu on aps ingdon ast N SS Ante ope Spe ia ist roup T e distan e fro t e nearest

kno n popu a on is o er k

o para e a k of u an a it in t e nort ern oast forest a era grids during t e sa p ing periods it no peop e dete ted in an a era i ages

Besides re ea ing a greater nu ber of spe ies in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste o pared to Arabuko-Sokoke Forest a era-trap trapping rates ere ig er often u ig er at Boni-Dodori for e er one of t e spe ies s ared bet een t e t o sites T e t o spe ies uni ue to t e Arabuko-Sokoke Forest in t is data set ad e a t e ui a ents in t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste t e t o di erent giant sengis and t e t o for s of S kes s onke T is furt er under ines t e onser a on signi an e of t e Boni-Dodori forest s ste as a re a e unda aged and e -popu ated i d ife one ontaining uni ue a a ian di ersit and ri ness in addi on to biodi ersit in nu erous ot er organis s


ogis s and resour es pre ented si u taneous opera on of a era grids in t e four forest sites onse uent resu ts at ea site ere obtained at di erent periods of t e ear T e region t pi a

re ei es bi- oda annua rainfa Apri to une and No e ber to De e ber ASF T ur a era grids ere a e in bot seasons in nort ern oasta forests and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Be ause of t is and t e re a e stab e forest interior of t e sites e onsider t at t e arge di eren es bet een t e a era-trapping rate and o upan obser ed for spe ies su as Aders duiker bet een Arabuko-Sokoke

Forest and t e nort ern oasta forest s ste are un ike to be t e resu t of a seasona e e t

T e a era-trap data as a so pro ided ne insig ts on t e a it pa erns and spa a asso ia ons of s a forest ante opes in t is s ste Suni is t e on forest ante ope spe ies to aintain a onsistent e e of no turna a it χ2 o e er e e s of no turna a it ere signi ant ig er at Arabuko-Sokoke Forest χ2 and it ou d be usefu to test if t is trend an be re ated to

ig er e e s of disturban e and un ng i ig t be e pe ted be ause of t e u ig er u an popu a on densit around t at forest

T e forest o er ap Figure a so e ps iden f future a era-trap stud areas and ig ig ts t e poten a iso ated status of t e forest and t i ket abitat of Dodori NR T is se tor is separated o er

u of its engt b a ide be t of grass and t roug i t e a or e i e a ess route runs inking t e four ain i ages of t e area i st t is situa on is ike to a e been stab e as part of t e

forest grass and osai it t e grass ands in abited b spe ies su as aggard s oribi ast t is geograp e p asises t e need for onser a on anage ent and p anning to retain t e urrent onne it of t e forest s ste

T e area represents t e on re aining se tor of t e en a oast ine retaining a signi ant frontage of undisturbed natura abitat se uen es transi oning fro ora reef to agoons angro es oasta forest and grass ands t roug to t e interior bus a suppor ng endangered biodi ersit T is sur e a so e p asises t e undisturbed nature of t e a a o unit in t is one unders oring t e e tre e ig biodi ersit onser a on a ue of t e region T is is a t e ore urgent gi en t e and-grabs and on ersion and t e fe ing of indigenous ard oods asso iated it and dri en b t e p anned de e op ent of a a or seaport at a u and ross ountr pipe ine de e op ent to t e sa e p a e

orris and A in

n ie of t ese de e op ents and sur e resu ts t ere is a need to estab is ong ter onitoring in support of a onser a on a on p an for t e forest s ste


AcknowledgementsT is stud as funded and supported b t e Depart ent for nterna ona De e op ent DF D t roug t e DF D D FRA Dar in ni a e and t roug its rogra e artners ip Agree ent it F-

en a i d ife Ser i e o a ed bin a ed Spe ies onser a on Fund Si e of a es it e i d ife onser a on Trust or d ide Fund for Nature and t e oo ogi a So iet of ondon e t ank e er one

o assisted in t e e d ork and data anage ent

T is ateria as been funded b aid fro t e Depart ent for nterna ona De e op ent DF D A ontent and opinions e pressed are so e t ose of S


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nterna ona Nairobi

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ANNEXRegional medium-to-large mammal species list for northern coastal Kenya based on results of camera-trapping across all four grids, supplemented by species expectedtobepresentintheregionaccordingtoIUCNRedListdistributionmaps.

Family Scientificname IUCN Red list name Av. Wt. kg

Habit(1)

Habitat (2)

Habit(3)

Photo(4)

IUCNRedlist

1 rina eidae Atelerixalbiventris African hedgehog T I N LC

2 Viverridae Civettictiscivetta African civet T C Y LC

Viverridae Genettamaculata entra Afri an arge-spo ed genet 1.80 T AR F C Y LC

4 Felidae Panthera pardus Leopard 42.2 T AR C Y NT

5 Felidae Panthera leo Lion T B- C Y V

6 Felidae Caracalaurata African golden cat T F C N NT

7 Felidae Caracalcaracal Caracal 11.5 T C Y LC

8 Felidae Felissilvestrislybica Wild cat T B- C N LC

Felidae Leptailurusserval Serval T C N LC

10 Hyaenidae Crocutacrocuta Spo ed ena 52.00 T B- C Y LC

11 Canidae Lycaonpictus Afri an i d Dog 22.70 T B- C Y N

12 erpes dae Helogale parvula o on d arf ongoose 0.27 T B- C Y LC

erpes dae Atilaxpaludinosus ars ongoose 2.80 T A C Y LC

14 erpes dae Herpestes sanguineus S ender ongoose 0.55 T B- C Y LC

15 erpes dae Herpestesichneumon g p an ongoose T C N LC

16 erpes dae Bdeogaleomnivora Sokoke bus -tai ed ongoose 1.2 T F C Y V

17 erpes dae Ichneumiaalbicauda ite tai ed ongoose T C Y LC

18 uste idae Mellivoracapensis Ratel 10.60 T C Y LC

uste idae Aonyxcapensis Afri an a ess o er T A B- C N LC

20 uste idae Ictonyxstriatus Zorilla T B- C N LC

21 a ros e ididae Petrodromustetradactylus Four-toed sengi 0.20 T F C Y LC

22 a ros e ididae Elephantulusrufescens Rufous Sengi 0.06 T F C Y LC

a ros e ididae Rhynchocyonsp. iant Sengi Dark ru ped 0.6 T F C Y Unclass.

24 a ros e ididae Rhynchocyonchrysopygus o den-ru ped e ep ant s re 0.54 T F C Y N

25 Cercopithecinae Cercopithecusmitisalbogularis

an ibar S kes s onke 4.65 AR F H Y LC

26 Cercopithecinae Cercopithecusmitisalbotorquatus

ousargues s S kes s onke 4.65 AR F H Y V

27 Cercopithecinae Chlorocebuspygerthrus er et onke AR T H Y LC

28 Cercopithecidae Papiocynocephalus e o baboon T B- Y LC

a agidae Unidentifiedgalago niden ed ga ago AR H Y

a agidae Otolemurgarnetti S a -eared greater ga ago AR H N LC

a agidae Galago senegalensis Northern lesser galago AR H N LC

a agidae Galago gallarum So a i esser ga ago AR B- H N LC

a agidae Galagoidescocos en a oast ga ago AR H N

Leporidae Lepuscapensis Cape hare T H N LC

Neso idae Cricetomysgambianus a bian rat T AR H Y LC

Sciuridae Squirrelsp. S uirre sp 0.20 AR H Y LC


Family Scientificname IUCN Red list name Av. Wt. kg

Habit(1)

Habitat (2)

Habit(3)

Photo(4)

IUCNRedlist

Sciuridae Paraxeruspalliatus Red bus s uirre AR H Y LC

Sciuridae Paraxerusochraceus re bus s uirre AR H N LC

Sciuridae Heliosciurusundulatus an sun s uirre AR H N DD

Hystricidae Hystrixcristata Crested porcupine 20.00 T H Y LC

Bo idae Sylvicapragrimmia o on duiker T B- H N V

40 Bo idae Philantombamonticola B ue duiker 5.05 T F Y LC

41 Bo idae Cephalophus adersi Aders' duiker T F H Y CR

42 Bo idae Cephalophus harveyi Harvey's duiker 11.60 T F H Y LC

Bo idae Nesotragusmoschatus Suni 5.20 T F H Y LC

44 Bo idae Madoqua kirkii irk s dik-dik 4.88 T B- H Y LC

45 Bo idae Madoqua guentheri uent er s dik-dik T B- H N LC

46 Bo idae Tragelaphusimberbis Lesser kudu T B- H Y NT

47 Bo idae Tragelaphusscriptus Bus bu k T H Y LC

48 Bo idae Kobus ellipsiprymnus Waterbuck 201.00 T B- H Y LC

Bo idae Synceruscaffer Afri an bu a o T H Y LC

50 Suidae Potamochoeruslarvatus Bus pig 56.50 T Y LC

51 Suidae Phacochoerusafricanus o on art og 68.05 T B- Y LC

52 Suidae Phacochoerusaethiopicus Desert art og T B- Y

ep an dae Loxodontaafricana African elephant 4640.00 T H Y V

54 ippopota idae Hippopotamus amphibious ippopota us 1461.00 T A B- Y V

55 r teropidae Orycteropusafer Aard- ark T I Y LC

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