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Learning Outcomes
1.1 – Stages of the Recruitment Process
1.2 – Methods of Staff Training and Costs &
Benefits
1.3 – Methods of Motivating Staff and Costs &
Benefits
1.4 – Current Employment Legislation
Contents
Human Resources
Department Activities
Methods of Recruitment
Methods of Selection
Methods of Training
Training Costs and Benefits
Methods of Motivation
Costs and Benefits of
Motivation
Working Practices
Employee Relations
Industrial Action
Employment Legislation
Equality Act
Minimum Wage Act
Freedom of Information Act
Data Protection
Health and Safety
Human Resources Department The Human Resources Department deals
with the current and future employees of an organisation.
The roles that they have include:
Recruitment and Selection Training Motivation Employee Relations Employment Legislation
Recruitment and Selection
In order to attract the best staff possible an organisation will go through a number of steps that will allow them to choose the best person for the job.
Recruitment – the process followed to allow people to apply for the job
Selection – the process of choosing the best applicant for the job.
Stages of Recruitment and Selection
We are going to go through 8 stages of recruitment and selection.
Stage 1
Job Analysis
Establishing whether a vacancy actually exists by analysing the jobs main features.
This could be done through observing the current employee or asking a manager.
Stage 2
Job Description
This is a document that allows all applicants to see what the job will involve. This will form the basis of any advertisement of the job.
This will include items such as: Job Title Main Tasks and Responsibilities Working Conditions Location
Stage 3
Person Specification
Identify the type of person you want to do the job. This will include essential and desirable characteristics
This will include: Skills Qualifications Experience Qualities
Stage 4
Advertisement
This is how the organisation lets potential applicants know that a job exists.
An organisation can choose to advertise Internally or Externally.
Internal Advertising
This is advertising to potential applicants within the organisation.
It can take the following methods:
Company Intranet Staff Memo Notice Boards Newsletter
Reasons why:
Allows employees to develop skills
Employees are already familiar with the business
Employees strengths and weaknesses are known
It is an inexpensive form of recruitment
It can improve staff morale
External Advertising
This is advertising to people outwith the company.
It can take the form of:
Newspapers
Professional Journals
Job Centre
Recruitment Agency
Company Website
Reasons why:
Brings in people with new ideas and ways of working
Wider choice of candidate to choose from
Stage 5
Applications
Application Form Give applicants the same questions and opportunities
to describe themselves. Making it easier to compare information from a large number of candidates.
CV These are individual and personalised documents
prepared by the applicant and will give a summary of their skills and experiences.
Stage 6
Interview
This is the most common method of selection and can take various forms:
One-on-One Panel Group
Candidates may also be asked back for a second interview at a later stage in the process.
Successful Interview
Tell candidates how it will be conducted
Asking the same questions
Put the candidates at ease
Give the candidate the opportunity to add anything further and ask follow up questions
Stage 7
Testing
This allows the organisation to compare candidates in a range of situations
Types of testing include:
Aptitude – skills based testing Psychometric – attitudes/characteristics Personality – roles the candidate is suited to
Stage 8
Making the Appointment
After the various forms of selection the successful and unsuccessful candidates are informed.
Reference Use to confirm the person applying for the job is
who they say they are. Usually written statements from previous employers or other reliable person.
Training
Training carried out will vary to meet the needs of the individual. It may be used for:
Induction training Retraining Upgrading skills
Methods of Training
Induction Training
This is training that is carried out before the employee starts their job.
This allows the employee to familiarise themselves with their workplace; learn rules and regulations (health and safety); get introduced to their colleagues.
Methods of Training
In-House Training (On the Job)
This is training that is carried out within the organisation.
This may simply occur in the form of another colleague (peer) showing another worker how to do a job or supervising them.
Methods of Training
Off the Job Training
This is training that occurs away from the workplace. This may happen at a:
College Training Centre
Training
Increased productivity
Increased motivation
Work towards organisation goals
Increased flexibility
Financial costs travel, provider cost
Productivity reduced output,
increase in staff to cover
Staff may leave once trained
Staff resistance
Benefits Costs
Methods of MotivationNon Financial
Quality Circles – groups of staff involved in problem solving and decision making process
Appraisal – Managers and employees meet to discuss performance and set targets
Job enlargement – increase number of tasks that an employee takes on
Job enrichment – workers choose how to complete the tasks they have been given
Promotion opportunities
Improved working conditions
Team building activities
Methods of MotivationFinancial
Overtime Piece-rate Time-rate Performance-related Profit-sharing Bonus Commission Share schemes
Motivation – Working Practices
Core workers These are those workers that are employed by the
firm and are involved in the core activities of the business. They can be: Full-time Part-time
Casual workers Hired and released by the company when they are
needed.
Contractual workers Employed on a fixed-term contract usually for one or
two years.
Motivation – Working Practices
Flexi-Time Workers only need to be at work place at
certain core times in the day. They can decide when they start and finish.
Home/Tele-Working Employees working from home making use of
ICT.
Job-Share Two or more employees share the duties
associated with one job.
Motivation – Employee Relations
Employee relations covers how employers deal and interact with their employees as individuals or a group.
Good employee relations leads to a motivated, flexible workforce.
Poor employee relations can lead to less co-operation, industrial action and a poor image for the company.
Motivation – Employee Relations Groups
Trade Unions
Set up to protect and stand up for the rights of employees.
They will take part in collective bargaining which involves them negotiating on behalf of employees for things such as pay and conditions.
Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS)
Employee relations experts who aim to help employers and employees work together effectively.
They will offer advice and provide ways to settle disputes
Motivation – Industrial Action
Strike workers withdraw their
labour and refuse to work. This can also involve picketing.
Sit-in Workers occupy their
workplace in an attempt to stop any work from taking place.
Work-to-rule Work strictly to
the terms and conditions of their contract.
Overtime ban workers refuse to
do any overtime work.
Industrial Action – this is the last resort that employees will take in order to have their views heard. It can take a variety of forms:
Motivation
Increased productivity
Increased quality
Staff retention
Financial Costs
Staff conflict
Benefits Costs
Employment Legislation
The Human Resources Department needs to keep up with and make sure all employees are aware of relevant employment legislation.
There are a number of pieces of legislation that affect organisations, and new legislation is continually being introduced and updated.
Equality Act 2010
age disability gender
reassignment marriage and civil
partnership
pregnancy and maternity
race religion or belief sex sexual orientation
This act was introduced to simplify the numerous pieces of anti-discrimination legislation that existed.
Its primary purpose is to protect people from discrimination in employment on the grounds of their:
National Minimum Wage Act 1998 The National Minimum Wage Act creates
a minimum wage for all workers across the United Kingdom
As of 1st October 2013 the wage rates are:
21+ £6.31 18-20 £5.03 Under 18 £3.72 Apprentice£2.68
Freedom of Information Act 2000
Introduced with the premise of information being made public unless it falls into specified excepted cases.
Gives everyone two specific separate rights:
the right to know whether information exists
the right to access that information (subject to exemptions).
Data Protection Act 1998
Obtain and process data fairly and lawfully
Register the purpose for which the information is held
Do not disclose the information in any way that is different from the purpose
Give individuals copies of the information held about themselves if requested
Only hold information that is adequate, relevant and not excessive
Only hold accurate information and keep it up to date
Do not hold information any longer than necessary
Take appropriate security measures to keep the information safe
Aims to protect the rights of the individual by governing the collection, storage and use of information that is held.
There are 8 basic principles that organisations must follow:
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The aim is to raise the standard of health and safety for all individuals at work.
The act covers duties of both the employer and employee to abide by the legislation:
Employers must take every step to ensure the working environment is safe and non-hazardous.
Employees are expected to behave in a reasonable
manner at work and must take responsibility for their own actions.