March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Managing Internet Bandwidth at the Managing Internet Bandwidth at the University of New HampshireUniversity of New Hampshire

A Discussion ForumA Discussion Forum

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Big New Internet ProblemBig New Internet Problem Sudden Degradation of Internet performance Sudden Degradation of Internet performance

Sudden increase in bandwidth demand: P2P (KaZaA, Audio Sudden increase in bandwidth demand: P2P (KaZaA, Audio Galaxy, ...) Galaxy, ...)

Nature of P2P traffic is different:Nature of P2P traffic is different: Robotic (24x7)Robotic (24x7) Heavy Inbound Heavy Inbound andand Outbound Outbound

Rapid proliferation in Residence HallsRapid proliferation in Residence Halls Campus network capacity far exceeds local Internet capacityCampus network capacity far exceeds local Internet capacity No institutional impetus to make content value judgments (i.e. No institutional impetus to make content value judgments (i.e.

Block services)Block services)

Costly Internet BandwidthCostly Internet Bandwidth USNH Rural Campuses USNH Rural Campuses

$1/2 million Annual Internet$1/2 million Annual Internet Keene State CollegeKeene State College Plymouth State CollegePlymouth State College UNH ManchesterUNH Manchester UNH DurhamUNH Durham Small sites (75 - DS1 and slower)Small sites (75 - DS1 and slower)

RecurringRecurring

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

P2P Demand exampleP2P Demand example

Sept 6, 2002 9:45am approx: P2 Shaper off11:30am approx: UD2 Firewall installed rule to block:KaZaa (TCP 1214)eDonkey (UDP 41170)Gnutella (TCP 6346)Note: Bandwidth was available from latest Global Crossing Upgrade. We had not yet opened the pipes to PSC and KSC. Internet2 also carried come of this spike.

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Solution – Part 1 Bigger Solution – Part 1 Bigger PipesPipes Add bandwidth as budget allowsAdd bandwidth as budget allows

Add budget as management allowsAdd budget as management allows Takes time and cannot satisfy enormous demandTakes time and cannot satisfy enormous demand

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Solution – Part 2Solution – Part 2

Invest in Bandwidth Management Invest in Bandwidth Management EquipmentEquipment Efficient use of costly BandwidthEfficient use of costly Bandwidth One-time Investment permanently One-time Investment permanently

lowers recurring costslowers recurring costs Creates flexible infrastructure to better Creates flexible infrastructure to better

control networkcontrol network USNH chose Packeteer 6500s and 4500sUSNH chose Packeteer 6500s and 4500s

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Recurring Savings with BW Recurring Savings with BW managementmanagement

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TopologyTopology

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Developing the BW PolicyDeveloping the BW Policy

TechnicalTechnicalPoliticalPolitical

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Developing the BW PolicyDeveloping the BW Policy

TechnicalTechnical LearnLearn

Use BW manager discovery toolsUse BW manager discovery tools See what apps are flowing to/from the InternetSee what apps are flowing to/from the Internet

AssessAssess Study discovery resultsStudy discovery results Categorize important apps (both useful and harmful)Categorize important apps (both useful and harmful)

DesignDesign Take a first stabTake a first stab Make Decisions for bandwidth allocation and groupings of appsMake Decisions for bandwidth allocation and groupings of apps

ImplementImplement Configure BW management policy on the equipmentConfigure BW management policy on the equipment Turn on ShapingTurn on Shaping

EvaluateEvaluate BW manager monitoring toolsBW manager monitoring tools What partitions are saturated? Underutilized?What partitions are saturated? Underutilized? Other diagnostics – Sniffers, ThroughputOther diagnostics – Sniffers, Throughput

Lather, Rinse, Repeat (Go to: Design)Lather, Rinse, Repeat (Go to: Design)

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Developing the BW PolicyDeveloping the BW Policy PoliticalPolitical

ReviewReview Authoritative bodiesAuthoritative bodies

Student Body PresidentStudent Body President Academic Technology departmentAcademic Technology department Res Net consulting groupRes Net consulting group Self appointed ‘experts’ and ‘active users’Self appointed ‘experts’ and ‘active users’ IT hierarchyIT hierarchy

Describe problems and proposed solutionsDescribe problems and proposed solutions Information encourages reason (usually)Information encourages reason (usually)

P2P is a problem. Here are the details.P2P is a problem. Here are the details. Gaming is not a problem per se’Gaming is not a problem per se’ Academic Web Research, Email, IM are useful (agreed?)Academic Web Research, Email, IM are useful (agreed?) Pictures are handyPictures are handy

Make recommendationMake recommendation Agree to re-evaluateAgree to re-evaluate Establish lifelines (phone and email contacts)Establish lifelines (phone and email contacts) Ongoing BW management process will be act and informOngoing BW management process will be act and inform

Agility in the face of new BW hogs Agility in the face of new BW hogs Network availability is the mantra Network availability is the mantra

FeedbackFeedback Res Hall is where we live (students). Recreation is appropriate within reason Res Hall is where we live (students). Recreation is appropriate within reason

(well…)(well…) We (students) understand the problem and want to helpWe (students) understand the problem and want to help

Continue to educateContinue to educate IT support staff, Help desk, Res Net Consulting, Academic Technology…IT support staff, Help desk, Res Net Consulting, Academic Technology…

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Telling the StoryTelling the Story

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Telling the StoryTelling the Story

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002

Student bandwidth allocation of 30 Mbps

Web18%

Mail13%

Streaming 13%

File Sharing13%

Message10%

Secure10%

Gaming7%

Push3%

All other13%

The Policy – First PassThe Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002

Notes:Notes: See next page for See next page for Service details by category:Service details by category:.. The objective of this design is to establish a starting point. As we discover that The objective of this design is to establish a starting point. As we discover that

defined services are too slow or are underutilized we can review and adjust the ratios defined services are too slow or are underutilized we can review and adjust the ratios noted in the graph. As new services requiring specific bandwidth are discovered we noted in the graph. As new services requiring specific bandwidth are discovered we can either add them to an appropriate category, to the miscelaneous category, or can either add them to an appropriate category, to the miscelaneous category, or create a new category as appropriate. create a new category as appropriate.

Any service not explicitly defined falls into the All Other category and shares the Any service not explicitly defined falls into the All Other category and shares the noted bandwidth with all other undefined services. noted bandwidth with all other undefined services.

The working aggregate of 30Mbps exceeds UNH’s total Commodity Internet (CI) The working aggregate of 30Mbps exceeds UNH’s total Commodity Internet (CI) capacity of 25M. Internet 2 (I2) capacity is 25M. Empirical evidence to date indicates capacity of 25M. Internet 2 (I2) capacity is 25M. Empirical evidence to date indicates that student traffic consumes approximately 40% (or 10M) of I2. Therefore, this that student traffic consumes approximately 40% (or 10M) of I2. Therefore, this bandwidth shaping design allocates 80% of the UNH CI feed to the Residence Halls. bandwidth shaping design allocates 80% of the UNH CI feed to the Residence Halls. See note 2 See note 2

Historical traffic data indicate that peak usage by Residence Halls is outside normal Historical traffic data indicate that peak usage by Residence Halls is outside normal business hours and therefore this design does not appear to significantly reduce business hours and therefore this design does not appear to significantly reduce available CI bandwidth for faculty and staff during the day. This assumption may available CI bandwidth for faculty and staff during the day. This assumption may need to be revisited as we develop better empirical information need to be revisited as we develop better empirical information

As we add bandwidth in the near future, we will adjust the policy to hold the same As we add bandwidth in the near future, we will adjust the policy to hold the same ratios among categories.ratios among categories.

This design is the same 24 hours a day. We can consider time-based allocation for This design is the same 24 hours a day. We can consider time-based allocation for future implementations.future implementations.

The Policy – First PassThe Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002Residence Hall bandwidth allocation policy - August 2002

The Policy – First PassThe Policy – First Pass

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Satisfied Customers (for Satisfied Customers (for now)now)

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Developing the BW PolicyDeveloping the BW PolicyThe Sequal:The Sequal:

Our Hero falls off the horseOur Hero falls off the horse

Policy Complexity overloaded Packeteer Policy Complexity overloaded Packeteer Load increased throughout the semesterLoad increased throughout the semester William of Ockham and his Razor were rightWilliam of Ockham and his Razor were right

A simpler policy improved throughputA simpler policy improved throughput Still allowed the Packeteer to manage the right BWStill allowed the Packeteer to manage the right BW

KaZaA and other P2P apps got smarterKaZaA and other P2P apps got smarter Latest Packeteer code: Latest Packeteer code:

5.3.0g15.3.0g1 Manages port 80 and port hopping P2P Manages port 80 and port hopping P2P

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Controlling Res Hall ServersControlling Res Hall Servers

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Act and InformAct and Inform

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Res Hall BW Policy Feb 2003 (out of 50 Mbps)

recreation, 5

http in (web), 4

other, 41

Res Halls Latest Policy: Res Halls Latest Policy: simplesimple

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Res Halls Recent StatsRes Halls Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Res Halls Recent StatsRes Halls Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Fac/Staff BW policy Feb 2003(Out of 50 Mbps)

web, 8

mail, 4

message, 2

streaming media, 6

secure, 3

recreation, 1misc, 3

net, 1

other, 22

Fac/Staff Latest PolicyFac/Staff Latest Policy More complex, specific than Res HallMore complex, specific than Res Hall Fac/Staff has lighter loadFac/Staff has lighter load

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Fac/Staff Recent StatsFac/Staff Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Fac/Staff Recent StatsFac/Staff Recent Stats

March 6, 2003 dgreenMarch 6, 2003 dgreen Managing Bandwidth at UNH Managing Bandwidth at UNH

Managing Internet Bandwidth at the Managing Internet Bandwidth at the

University of New HampshireUniversity of New Hampshire

A Discussion ForumA Discussion Forum