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Managing Natural Resources in Africa
Geography 12
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
What are Africa’s Ecosystems?
1. Mediterranean
2. Mountain Regions
3. Tropical Grassland
4. Dry Grassland
5. Hot Dessert
6. Tropical Rainforest
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Relationship between the environment and people
Everything is Connected:
• Without adequate forest cover, soils become depleted.
• Without fertile soil, food production declines, and the threat of hunger increases.
• Without secure food supplies and clean water, good health is impossible!
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Relationship between the environment and people
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPlbbRUxh3c
Video: Climate Witness – Farmers in
Tanzania Left High and Dry
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Environmental Problems
• Deforestation• Soil degradation• Water resource degradation• Unsustainable use of land and water
resources• Desertification • Loss of biological diversity
(ECA, 1999)
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Environmental Problems
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Environmental Problems
• In Uganda and Ethiopia, 80% of all environmental degradation costs is from soil erosion
• Every year Africa loses 50 hectares of tropical forest a year• Every year 230 million hectares affected by soil and land
degradation
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Environmental Problems
One of the underlying causes of this situation is the inadequate
management of natural resources
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
Any progress achieved in addressing the Millennium Development Goals of poverty and hunger eradication,
improved health, and environmental protection is unlikely to be
sustained if most of the ecosystem services on which humanity relies
continue to be degraded.
Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief
What are the Millennium Development Goals?
• A series of 8 goals to be achieved by 2015. • They were developed to bind the world to
join forces to fight against poverty, illiteracy, gender inequality, child and maternal mortality, disease and environmental degradation.
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How do the MDGs relate to the Environment and Natural
Resources?
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MDGs: The 8 Goals and their Targets
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Goal # 1Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty
Target: • Reduce the proportion of
people living on less than $1.25 per day by half
• Reduce the proportion of people who suffer from hunger by half
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Goal # 2Achieve universal primary education
Target: • Ensure that all
boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling
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Goal # 3Promote gender equality and empowerment of womenTarget: • Eliminate gender
disparity in primary and secondary education by 2005 at all levels by 2015
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Goal # 4Reduce child mortality
Target: • Reduce the
mortality rate among children under five by two thirds
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Goal # 5Improve maternal health
Target: • Reduce the
maternal mortality ratio by three quarters
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Goal # 6Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Target: • Halt and begin to
reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
• Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other diseases
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Goal # 7Ensure environmental sustainabilityTarget: • Integrate the principles of
sustainable development into country policies and programs
• Reverse the loss of environmental resources
• Reduce the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water by half
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Goal # 8Develop a global partnership for developmentTarget: • Develop an open and fair
trading system with commitments to good governance and poverty reduction
• Deal with the debt problems of developing countries
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To achieve the MDGs, improved management of
resources is necessary
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Examples of sustainable management of natural
resources include:
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Promoting Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture
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Planting Trees
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Together we can build healthy communities!