Mandeville - Fable of the Bees

8/13/2019 Mandeville - Fable of the Bees

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T H E

F A B L EO F T H

B E E S

y

B E R N A R DM A N D E V I L L E .

With Commentary

Crit ical Historical and Explanatory y

F . B . K A Y E

O X F O R Dt t h e l a r e n d o n P r e s s

DCCCC X X I V


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I

The Fable of the Beesor Private Vices Publick Benefits.

B Y B E R N R D M N D E V I L L E

WITH COMMENTARY

CRITICAL HISTORICAL AND EXPLANATORY

BY E 6 KAYE VOLUME ONE

laLiberty undINDI N POLIS


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This Liberty Fund edition of 1988 is an exact photographicreproduction of the edition published by Oxford UniversityPress in 1924. Permission to reprint has been granted bythe Yale University Library, New Haven, CT who own therights to the 1924 edition. Copy for reprint from IndianaUniversity Library, Bloomington, IN.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mandeville, Bernard, 1670-1733.The fable of the bees, or, Private vices, publick benefitdby

Bernard Mandeville ; with a comm entary, critical, historical,and exp lanatoryhy F.B. Kaye.Previously published: Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1924.Includes index.1. Ethics-Early works to 1800. 2. Virtue-Early works to1800. 3. Charity-schools-Early works to 1800 I Title.II Title: Private vices, publick benefits.BJ1520.M4 19881 7 M c 19

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I readMandevilleforty or I believe fiftyyearsago heopened my views into real life very much.

J O H N S O N in Boswells Life,ed. Hill 1887, ii. 292

The wickedest cleverest book in the English language.CRABBO B I N S O Niary ed. Sadler 1869 . 3 9 2

f Shakespearehad written a bookon the motivesofhumanactions t is extremely improbable that i t would have containedhalf o much able reasoning on the subjectas i s to be found in theFable of the Bees.

MACAWLAYn the essay o Milton Works ,ed. 1866 v 5 .

likeMandeville better [than La Rochefoucauld]. He goes

HAZLITT ollected Works ,ed. Waller and Glover vi. 387.more into is subject.

Ay this same midnight by this chair of mineCome and review thy counsels art thou stillStaunch to their teaching ?-not as fools opineIts purport might be but s subtler skillCould through turbidity the loaded lineOf logic casting sound deep deeper tillIt touched a quietude and reached a shrineAnd recognized harmoniously combineEvil with good and hailed truths triumph-thir eSage dead long since Bernard de Mandeville

BROWNINGarleyings with ertain People 1887), p. 31.


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T H E ii]

P R E F A C E . W S and Government are

to he Political Bodies of

Vital Spirits and Life t selfare to theNatural Bodies ofAnimated Creatures and

as those that study the Anatomy of

DeadCarcasesmay ee, that he chiefOrgans and nicest Springs more imme-diately required to continue heMotionof our Machine, are not hard Bones,strong Muscles and Nerves, nor thesmoothwhite Skin that so beautifully covers them,ii 1but small trifling Films and little Pipes thatare either over-look d, or else seem incon-siderable to Vulgar Eyes so they that

2522 1 A


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he T F A CE

examine into the Nature of Man, abstracthorn Art and Education, may observe, hatwhat renders him a Sociable Anima, con-sists not in his desire of Company, Good-nature, Pity, Affability,and other Graces ofa fair Outside but that his vilest and mosthatehl Qualities are he most necessaryAccomplishments to fit him for the largest,

and, according to the World, the appiestand most flourishing Societies.

The following Fable, in which what Ihave said is set forth at large, was printedabove eight Years ago in a Six PennyPamphlet, call'd, the GrumJZing ive orKnaves tzlrn d Honest; and being soonafier Pirated, cry'd about the Streets in a.Half-Penny Sheet.' Since the irst pub-lishing of it I have met with several thateither wilhlly or ignorantly mistaking the

[VI Design, would have it, that the Scope of itwas a Satyr upon Virtue and Morality, andthe whole wrote for the Encouragementcof Vice. This made me resolve, wheneverit should be reprinted, some way or other

to inform the Reader of the real Intenthis was wrote in 1714.babove eight about fifteen 9 b Footnote add 3

c Encourgement 3

See above i. xxxiii and below ii. 387-9.


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The T R E F A C E .this little Poem was wrote with. I do notdignify these few looseLines with theName of Poem that I would have theReader expect any Poetry in them butbarely because they are Rhime andI amin reality puzzled what Name to give them;for they are neither Heroick nor PastoralSatyr Burlesque nor Heroi-comick; o

be a Tale they want Probability and thewhole is rather too long for a Fable. AllI can say of them is that they are a Storytold in Dogrel which without theleastdesign of being Witty I have endeavourdto do in aseasy and h i l i a r a manner asIwas able T he Reader shall be welcometo call them what he pleases. Twas saidof Montagne that hewas pretty well versdin the Defects of Man-/kind but unac-[v;]quainted with the

Nature If I firemy self well used.

Excellencies of human

no worse I shall thinkThis is cited from Pierre

Bayles Miscellaneous Rcfkctionsccasiond by the Comet 1708)

i 97 8 Montagne of whomMessieursde Port Royal who arenone of his bestFriends are

pleasd to observe That havingnever understood the Dignity ofHuman Nature he was wellenough acquainted withits De-fects.. Bayleplaced the passage

n the Art of Thinking [La

Logiqw ou ?Art de Penscr byA. Arnauld and P. Nicole] pt. 3ch 19 ; but La Logiqw containsno suchpassage here althought offersimilarriticism of

Montaigne in 1x1 xis. 9 and 11s.x 6 . Nicole lsewhere BJJU~Jde Morde Paris 1714, vi 214asserted that Montaigne in hisanalysis of things a eu assez delumiere our en reconoitreasottise la vanit6


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6 The T E F A C E

What Country soever in the Universe isto be understood by the Bee-Hive repre-sented here, it is evident fiom what is s idof the Laws and Constitution of it, theGlory, Wealth, Power and Industry of itsInhabitants, that it must be large, rich andwarlike Nation, that is happily governdby a limited Monarchy. The Satyr there-fore to be met with in the following Linesupon the several Professions and Callings,and almost every Degree and Station ofPeople, was not made to injure and pointto particular Persons, but only to shew theVileness of he Ingredients that ll togethercompose the wholesome Mixture of a well-orderd Society in order to extol thewonderhl Power of Political Wisdom, bythe help of which so beautifid Machineis raisd om the most contemptible Bran-

[ I ches. For the main Design of the Fable,(as it is briefly explaind in the Moral) isto shew the Impossibility of enjoying allthe most elegant Comforts of Life that areto be met wit in an industrious, wealthy

and powerhl Nation, and at he same timebe blessd with all the Virtue and Inno-cence that can be wishd for in a Golden

a t 4 all togetherltogether 3


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The T R E F A C E

Age rom thence toexpose the Unreason-ableness and Folly of those that desirousof being an opulent andflourishing eopleandwonderhlly greedy afier all theBenefits they can receive as such are yetalways murmuringtnd exclairningagainst those Vices and Inconveniencesthat from the Beginningof the World to

this present Day havebeen inseparablefiom all Kingdoms and States that everwere famd for Strength Riches andPoliteness at the same time.

T o do this 6rst slightly touch uponsomeof the Faults and Corruptions theseveral Professionsand Callings are gener-ally charged with. After thatI shew that [v i~those very Vices of every articular Person

y skilfulManagement were made sub-servient to the Grandeur and worldly

Happinessof the whole. Lastly by settingforth what of necessity must be the con-sequence of general Honesty and Virtueand National Temperance InnocenceandContent I demonstrate that if Mankindcould be cured of the Failings they areNaturally guiltyof they would ceaseto becapable of being raisd into such vastpotent and polite Societies as they have

1. Faltas ycorrupcionesque tienen lasprofesiones.

2. Los vicios decada personaen particularestn alservicio de la

felicidad detodos.

3. Si lahumanidad notuviera vicios,no podran sercapaz de

organizarse ensociedadesbuenas.


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The R E F A C E

been under the several great Common-wealths and Monarchies that haveflourishdsince the Creation.

If y u ask me why I have done all thist l i o ~ o and what Good these Notions

will produce truly besides the ReadersDiversion I believe none at all but if Iwasskd what Naturally ought o be

expected fiom em I woud answer Thatin the irst Place the People who continu-ally find iult with others by reading

[I them would be taught to look at homeand examining their own Consciences bemade ashamd of always railing at whatthey are more or less guilty of themselvesand that in the ext those who are s fondof the Ease and Comforts and reap all theBenefits that are the Consequence of a greatand flourishing Nation would learn more

patiently to submit to those Inconvenienceswhich no Government upon Earth canremedy when they should see the Im-possibility of enjoying any great share ofthe first without partaking likewise of the

latterThis I say ought naturally to be expectedfiom the publishing of these Notions if

I o m 3 a

Imposibilidadde gozar delos beneciosde una nacinoreciente, sinaceptar losinconvenientes (vicios) quenadie hapodidoremediar.


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The P R E F A C E 9People wereto be made betterby any thingthat could be said to them; but Mankindhaving for so many Ages remaind stillthesame notwithstanding themany instructiveand elaborate Writings by which theirAmendment has been endeavourd I amnot so vain as to hope for bet-Iter Success x]fiom so inconsiderable a Trifle.

Having allowd the small Advantage thislittle Whim is likely to produce I thinkmy self obligd to shew that it cannot beprejudicial to any ; or what is publishedif it does no good ought at least to do noharm In order to this have made someExplanatory Notes to which the Readerwill find himself referrd in those Passagesthat seem to be most liable to Exceptions.

The Censorious that never saw theGrumbhg Hiae will tell me that what-

ever may t lk of the Fable it not takingup a Tenth part of the Book, was onlycontrivd to introduce theRemarh hatinstead of clearing up he doubtful or

Collins only the year beforepleasd inbeingdeceivd, s the1713), had introduced his Dis- former in deceiving. I t is there-

w s u of Free Tbinkingwith a forewithout the leasthopesofsimilarcynicism For s Truth doing any good,butpurely twill neverserve the Purposes of complywithyourRequest, thatKnaves, so it will never suit the send you t is Apolqyfur Frtc-Understandings of Fools ; and lbinking @4 .the atter will everbe as well


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O he T E F A C E

obscure Places have only pitchd uponsuch as I had a mind to expatiate uponand that far fiom striving to extenuate theErrors committed before I have made Badworse and shewn my self a more bare-

4 faced Champion for Vice n the ram-lblingDigressions than had done in the Fableit self.

I shall spend no time in answering theseAccusations where Men are prejudicedthe best Apologies are lost; and I knowthat those who hink it Criminal to supposea necessity of Vice in any case whateverwill never be reconcild to any Part of thePerformance bu t if this be thoroughlyexamind l l the Offence it can give mustresult fiom the wrong Inferences that mayperhaps be drawn from it and whichdesire no body to make. When assert

that Vices are inseparable from great andpotent Societies and that it is impossibletheir Wealth and Grandeur should subsistwithout do not say that the particularMembers of them who are guilty of anyshould not be continually reprovd or not

e punishd for them when they grow intoCrimes.

There are I believe ew People in

Los viciosson

inseparablesde lasgrandespotencias, yque esimposibleque suriqueza y

grandezapuedasubsistir sinstos.

Pero esto no quiere decir que los miembros

particulares, que son culpables, no deban sercastigados cuando cometen crmenes.


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The R F A C E I

London of those th t are at any imeaforcd to go a-foot, but what could wishthe I Streets of it much cleaner than gener-

lly they are while they regard nothingbut their own Clothes and private Con-veniency but when once they come toconsider, hat what offends them is theresult of the Plenty, great Traffick and

Opulency of that mighty City, f they haveany Concern n its Welfare, they willhardly ever wish to see the Streets of itless dirty. For if we mind the Materialsof all Sorts that must upply such aninfinite number of Trades and Handicrafis,as are always going forward the vastquantity of Victuals, Drink and Fewel thatare d ily consumd in it, theb Waste andSuperfluities that must be produced omthem the multitudes of Horses and other

Cattle that are always dawbing the Streets,theCarts, Coaches and more heavyCarriages that re perpetually wearingand breaking the Pavement of them, andabove all the numberless swarms of Peoplethat are continually harassingand tramplingthrough every part of them If, say, we c 1mind all these, we sh ll find hat every

tim s 4 t h e ] and th 4 3 swarm x4


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2 The fipRE F A C EMoment must produce new Filth andconsidering ow f i r distant the greatStreets are firom the River side, what Costand Care soever bebestow'd to removethe Nastiness almost as st as tis' made,it is mpossible London should be morecleanly before it is less flourishing. Nowwould I ask if a good Citizen, n considera-

tion of what hasbeen said, might notassert, that dirty Streets are anecessaryEvil inseparable horn the Felicity of London without being the least hindrance tothe cleaning of Shoes, or sweeping ofStreets, and consequently without nyPrejudice either o the BZacAguard or theScaoingers

But if, without any regard o the Interestor Happiness of the City, the Questionwas put What Place I thought mostpleasant to walk in No body can doubtbut, before the stinking Streets of LondonI would esteem a fragrant Garden, or a

[SVJ shady Grove in the Country, In the samemanner, if laying aside all worldly Great-

ness and Vain-Glory, I should be ask'dwhere I thought it was most probable thattis] t is I4-24

Street shoe blacks.


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The T R E F A C E 3Men might enjoy true Happiness,I wouldprefer a small peaceable Society, in whichMen, neither envy d nor esteem dyNeighbours, should be contented toliveupon the Natural Product of the Spotthey inhabit, to a vast Multitude abound-ing nWealthand Power, that shouldalwayse conquering others by their

Arms Abroad, and debauching hemselvesy Foreign Luxury at Home.aThus much I hadb said to theReader in

the FirstEdition ; and have added nothingby way of Preface in he Second, Butsince that, a violent Out-cry has beenmadeagainst the Book, exactly answering theExpectation I always had of the Justice,the Wisdom, the Charity, and Fair-dealingof those whose Good-will I despair d of.It has been presentedby the Grand-Jury,

and condemn d by thousands who never [=I1 Preface d r ere 4 b have 23c Instead o rcmaindcr of prdacc a ru what I have further to s y

to him he w ll find in theAdditions I have made since.

For Mandeville s accountof or, Privatc Yiccs Publick Bnvj tsthis presentment in 1723 see he fifth EditionFabk i. 383 sqq. And we beg Leave humbly

Fiveyears later, on 28 Nov. to observe, that t i s infamous1728 he Grand Jury of Middle- and sanddous Book wa8sex again decided to most presented by the Grand-Jury ofhumbly present the Author, t is County, to this HonourablePrinters and Publishersof Book Court, in he Year 1723 ; yetentituled, The able o tbc Btcs notwithstanding the said Pre-


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4

saw a word of it. It has been preachdagainst before my LordMayor ; andan utter Rehtation of it is daily expectedfi-om a Reverend Divine, who has calldmeNames n heAdvertisements, andthreatned to answer me n wo Monthstime for above five Months together. WhatI have to say for my self, the Reader will

see in my Vindication at the End of theBook where he will likewise find he

sentment, nd in ontemptthereof, an Edition of this ookhas been published ; togetherwith the Presentment of the saidGrand-Jury, with scandalous and

infamous Reflections thereon, inthe present Year 1728 seeRemarks upon Two Late Present-m n t s o f the Grand- ru ry, pp. 5-6 .

This immunity of Mandevillesis interesting as indicative ofpowerful patronage. ChancellorMacdesfield, it w ll be re-membered see above, i xxvi-xxvii), was his friend. PoorWoolston, one of whose Dis-

ourses on the miracles was pre-sented in 1728 along with theFabk did not escape s easily,bu t served a term in jail.

On Monday, 2 Aug. 1723,the True Briton published nadvertisement wherein it wasdeclared that here was T obe Printed y Subscription,Aefence of the CHARITYSCHOOLS. Wherein the manyfalse scandalous and maliciousObjections of those Adwocates forIgnorance and Irreligion, the

Author of The able of the Bees,and Catos Letter in the BritishJournal June 15 1723. are fullyand distinctly answered. ByW E N D L E Y, Lecturer of S t .

Mary Islington. Note.The ook to be deliverd in TwoMonths Time. .-The ad-vertisement was repeated o16 nd 26 Aug. and on 2 Sept.

The book, however, did notappear till nearly Angust 724for not ntil he Post-Boy of25-8 July is i t advertised as T h i sDay is publishd Mandevillesfive months are, therefore, noexaggeration.

Mandevilles witticism fixes thedate when he added t h i s passageto i s preface. It must have beenabout five months fter theinitial appearance of the adver-tisement, or ust before theissue of the 1724 dition, whichwas on sale 18 Jan. I724 seeabove, i. Hxiv, n . 8).

Of this vindication Mande-ville elsewhere Lettcr to Dion,pp. 6-7 writes First, t cameout n a News-Paper [London


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6 The T R F A Eand that it is not wholly levelld at meonly thought at irst to have made someExtracts fiom it ofwhat elated to my self;but inding on a nearer Enquiry hatwhat concernd me was so blended andinterwoven withwhat id ot I wasobligd to rouble the Reader with itentire notwithout Hopes hat prolix

s it is the Extravagancy of it will beentertaining to those who have perusedthe Treatise it condemns with so muchHorror a

A table of contents nine pages) nd list of errata OM page) follow

Preface followe in 9 by advertisement o f 2 0 t h ed. of Pufmdorfs

prcf.ce in 4 ee below, ii. 389-91.

ntroduction to rh H i s t o y of the Principal tates of Europe


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T H

N A v turn d Honest.

SpaciousHivewell stocktwith Bees,

That liv d in Luxury and EaseAnd yet as fam d for Laws and

Arms,s yielding large and early Swarms;

Was counted the great Nursery

Of Sciences and Industry.No Bees had better Government,

More Fickleness, or less Content

They were not Slaves to Tyranny,

Nor rul d by wild Democracy;

But Kings, that could not wrong, becauseTheir Power was circumscrib dby Laws.

t i tk-pagt05a : or KN VES urn d Honest] om in bcpding altbwgb frdsrnt 01

252a


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8 The rumbZing Hive O rT s Insects livd like Men and ll

Our Actions they performd in small

They did whatevers done in Town

And what belongs to Sword or GownTho th rtful Works by nimble SlightOf minute Limbs scapd Human Sight ;

Yet weve no Engines LabourersShips Castles Arms Artificers

Craft Science Shop or Instrument

But they had an Equivalent

Which since their Language i s unknownMust be calld as we do our own.

s grant that among other Things

They wanted Dice yet they had Kings ;

And those had Guards ; rom whence w e mayJustly conclude they had some Play ;Unless a Regiment be shewnOf Soldiers that make use of none.

[ ] V A s T Numbers throngd the fruitful Hive ;

Yet those vast Numbers made em .thrive ;

Millions endeavouring to supply

Each others Lust and Vanity ;

While other Millions were employdT o see their Handy-works destroyd ;

They furnishd half the Universe ;

Yet had more Work than Labourers.


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Knaves turn Honest. 9

Somewith vast Stocks and little PainsJumpd in to Businessof great Gains ;

And some were damnd to Sythes and Spades

And all those hard laborious Trades;

Where willing Wretches daily sweat

And wear out Strength and Limbs to eat

A,) While others followd Mysteries

To which few Folks bind Prentices;That want no Stock but that of BrassAnd may set up withouta Cross ;

As Sharpers Parasites Pimps Players

Pick-pockets Coiners Quacks South-sayers

And all those that in Enmity

With downright Working cunninglyConvert t o their own Use the Labour

Of their good-naturd heedless Neighbour.

B.)These were calld Knaves bu t bar the Name

The grave Industrious were the same:

Without money A crossLikehose that wit theircreditwas amall coin. drive

Cf.Butlersposthumous pon A trade without atock andtheWcakncss and Misery o jMan : thrive. ..bawds whores and usurers Had MandevilleerhapseenPimps scrivners silencd minis- a MS. ofButlers poem pub-

terslished 1759 f The poem inci-

That get estates by being undone dentally statedFOX ender conscience and have holiestactionshavebeen

none Th effects of wickedness andsin .

B


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2 The rumbZing ive Orll Trades and Places knew some Cheat

No Calling was without Deceit.

E Lawyers of whose rt the BasisWas raising Feuds and splitting CasesOpposd all Registers that CheatsMight make more Work with dipt Estates

s wert unlawful that ones own

Without a Law-Suit should be known.They kept off Hearings wilfullyT o finger the refreshing Fee

And to defend a wicked Cause

Examind and surveyd the Laws

s Burglars Shops and Houses doo find out where theyd best break through.

[ ] P Y I A N valud Fame and Wealth

Above the drooping Patients HealthOr

their ownSkill

The greatest PartStudyd instead of Rules of Art

Grave pensive Looks and dull Behaviouro gain thy Apothecarys Favour ;

The Praise of Midwives Priests and all

That servd a t Birth or Funeral.

retaining 05

Mortgaged estates


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The rumbZhg ive OrC.) T Soldiers, that were forcd to fight,

If they survivd, got Honour byt ;

Tho some, that shunnd the bloody Fray,Had Limbs shot off that ran away

Some valiant Genrals fought the Foe ;

Others took Bribes to let them go

Some venturd always where twas warm,Lost now Leg, and then an Arm ;

Till quite disabled, and put by,They livd on h lf their Salary ;

[ While others never came in Play,And staid t Home for double Pay.

T RKings were servd, but Knavishly,

Cheated by their own Ministry

Many, that for their Welfare slaved,Robbing the very Crown they saved

Pensions were small, and they livd high,

Yet boasted of their Honesty.Calling, wheneer they straind their Right,

The slippry Trick Perquisite ;And when Folks understood their Cant,They changd that for Emolument ;

Unwilling t o be short or plain,In any thing concerning Gain ;

0.) or there was not Bee but would.Get more, I wont say, than he should ;


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naves turnd Honest 3

But than he dard to let them know

E. ) That payd fort as your Gamesters do

That tho a t fair Play neer w ll own

Before the Losers what theyve won.

u T who can all their Frauds repeat

The very Stuff which in the Street

They sold for Dirt tenrich the Ground

Was often by the Buyers found

Sophisticated witha quarter

Of good-for-nothing Stones and Mortar

Tho Flail had little Cause to mutter

Who sold the otherSalt for Butter.

J u T c her self famd for fair Dealing

By Blindness had not lost her Feeling

Her Left Hand which the Scales should hold

Had often dropt em bribd with Gold

And tho she seemd Impartial

Where Punishment was corporal

Pretended t o a reglar Course

In Murther and all Crimesof Force

Tho some first pilloryd for Cheating

Were hangd in Hem p of their own beating

Yet it was thought the Sword she boreCheckd but the Desprate and the Poor


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24 The rtmdliPlg Hiae Or193 That urgd by meer Necessity

Were tyd up to the wretched Tree

For Crimes which not deservd that Fate

But to secure the Rich and Great.

T u s every Part was full of ViceYet the whole Mass a Paradise ;

Flatterd in Peace and feard in Wars

They were th Esteem of ForeignersAnd lavish of their Wealth and Lives

The Balance of ll other Hives.Such were the Blessings of that State ;

Their Crimes conspird to make them Great

F.) And Virtue who from PoliticksHad learnd a Thousand Cunning Tricks

Was by their happy Influence

Made Friends with Vice And ever since

G.) The worst of all the Multitude

Did something for the Common Good[14 T s was the States Craft that maintaind

he Whole of which each Part complaindThis , as in Musick Harmony bMade Jarrings in the main agree O

em 05 Harmony ]armony 05 30agree ;I a@ , 30

I Cf Livy i. 26 nfelici arbori reate ruependito

also CicuoPro G abi r io iv. 13

Lo peorde cadauno hizoalgo porel bien

comn.


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26 The GrumdZing ive Or,T u Vice nursd Ingenuity

Which joind with Time and Industry

Had carryd Lifes Conveniencies *,0.) Its real Pleasures Comforts Ease

P.) T o such a Height the very PoorLivd better than the Rich before s

And nothing could be added more.

H o w Vain is Mortal HappinessHad they but known the Bounds of liss

And that Perfection here belowI s more than Gods can well bestow

[ Z] The Grumbling Brutes had been content

With Ministers and Government.But they a t every ill SuccessLike Creatures lost without RedressCursd Politicians Armies FleetsWhile every one cryd Damn the Cheats,

And would tho conscious of his ownIn others barbrously bear none.

Conveniences 32 N.) =4 0.) 4

x Of theseines and theirelaboration in Remark P, I notet w anticipations not necessarilysources) . . . king of a large andfruitful territory there [America]feeds, lodges, and is clad worsethan a day-labourer in England Locke, Of Civil Government 11.

v. 41 ; nd c . . King of India snot so well lodgd, and fed, andcloathd, as a Day-labourer ofEngland Considerations o theEast-India Trade, in Select Collection o Early English Ttacts onCommerce, ed Political EconomyClub, 1856, p. 594 .

Los pobresvivan mejor quelos ricos antes


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1;Cnave s turn Honest 7N E that had got a Princely Store

By cheating Master King and Poor

Dard cry aloud The Land must s nk

For all its Fraud ; And whom dye think

T h e Sermonizing Rascal ch id?

A Glover that sold Lambfor Kid.

T he least thing was not done amissOr crossd the Publick Business;

But ll the Rogues cryd brazenly

Good Gods Had webut Honesty

Mercry smild a t th y Impudence

And others calld it wantof SenseAlways to raila t what they lovd

But Jose with Indignation movd

At last in Anger swore Hed ridh e bawling Hive o Fraud ; and did.

The very Momentit

departsAnd Honesty ills all their Hearts ;

There shews em liketh Instructive Tree

Those Crimes which theyre ashamd to see;

Which now in Silence they confess

By blushing a t their Ugliness

Like Children that would hide their Faults

And by their Colour own their Thoughts


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28 The rslmbliPtg Hive rIrnagning when theyre lookd uponThat others see what they have done.

B u T Oh ye Gods h a t ConsternationHow vast and sudden was th AlterationIn half an Hour the Nation roundMeat fell a Peny in the Pound.

x4 The Mask Hypocrisys flung down

From the great Statesman to the ClownAnd some in borrowd Looks well knownAppeard like Strangers in their own.The Bar was silent from that Day ;

For ow the willing Debtors pay

vn whats by Creditors forgot ;ho quitted them that had it not.

Those that were in the Wrong stood muteAnd dropt the patchd vexatious Suit

n which since nothing less can thriveThan Lawyers in an honest HiveAll except those that got enough

With Inkhorns by their sides troopd off

J u T c E hangd some set others free

And after Goal delivery

Her Presence being no more requirdWith a l l her Train and Pomp retird.

3a b beng rq sg


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Knaves tzlmd Honest 9

First marchd some Smiths with Locks and Grates,

Fetters, and Doors with Iron Plates

Next Goalers, Turnkeys and Assistants bsl

Before the Goddess,a t some distance,

Her chief and faithful Minister,

SquireC A T H X th e Laws great Finisher,Bore not th imaginary Sword,

But h i s own Tools, an x and Cord

Then on a Cloud the Hood-winkd Fair,

J us T c E her self was pushd by Air

About her Chariot, and behind,

Were Serjeants, ums of every kind,

Tip-staffs, and all those Officers,

That squeezea Living out of Tears.

T hysick livd, while Folks were ill,

None would prescribe, but Beesof skill

Which through theHive dispersdso wide,

That none of them had need to ride;Wavd vain Disputes, and strovet o free

The Patients of their Misery;em 5

ack Ketch

hadbecome Anglcterrc que de la hache pourgeneric term for executioners. trancher la tgte, jamais de 1EpCe.

Probably the aword of jus Cest pour cela quildonne le nomtice, although note in the dimaginaire1 cet te EpCe quonFrenchranslation explains i t attribue u Bourreau.differently ea. 1750 i 21 On Bumbailifh.ne se sert dam les executions en


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30Left Drugs in cheating Countries grown,And usd the Product of their o w n ;

63 Knowing the Gods sent no DiseaseT o Nations without Remedies.

E R Clergy rousd from Laziness,

Laid not their Charge on Journey-Bees ;

But servd themselves, exempt from Vice,

The Gods with Prayr and Sacrifice ;ll those, that were unfit, or knew

Their Service might be spard, withdrewNor was there Business for so many,

If th Honest stand in need of any,)Few only with the High-Priest staidT o whom the rest Obedience paidHimself employd in Holy Cares,.

Resignd to others State-Affairs.He chasd no Starvling from his Door,

Nor pinchd the Wages of the PoorBut a t h i s House the Hungrys fed,

The Hireling finds unmeasurd Bread,The needy Travler Board and Bed.

Cares ] Cares 4 32

ourneyman parson

was a slang term for a curate.


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Knaves t w d d Honest

M o the Kings great Ministers, [VI

And all th inferior Officers

The Change was great ; ( ) a for frugallyThey now livd on their Salary

That a poor Bee should ten times come

T o ask his Due, a trifling Sum,

And by some well-hird Clerk be made

T o give a Crown, or neer be paid,

Would now be calld a downright Cheat,

Tho formerly a Perquisite.

All Places managd first by Three,

Who watchd each others Knavery,

And often for a Fellow-feeling,

Promoted one anothers stealing,Are happily supplyd by One,

By which some thousands more are gone.

R ) No Honour now could be content,

T o live and owe for what was spentLivries in BrokersShops are hung,

They part with Coaches for a ongSell stately Horses by whole Sets

And Country-Houses, to payDebts.


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Knaves tum Honest

Well-seated Houshold Gods would be

More pleasd to expirea in Flames than see

T h e mean Inscriptionon the Door

Smile at the lofty ones they bore.

The building Trade is quite destroyd

Artificers are not employd;

S,) No Limner for i s Art is famd

Stone-cutters Carvers are not namd.

H o E that remaind grown temprate strive

Not how t o spend bu t how to live

And when they paid their Tavern Score

Resolvd t o enter i tno more

No Vintners Jilt inall the HiveCould wearnow Cloth of Gold and thrive;

Nor lorcol such vast Sums advance

For Burgundyand Ortclans ;

The Courtiers gone thatith his Miss r2 1

Suppd a t i s House on ChriJtmas Peas ;Spendingas much in two Hours stayAs keeps a Troop of Horse a Day.

H E haughty Chloe to live Great

Had made her 1.) usband rob the State

O @e] t I p h OJ-25 2.1 4c 1.) .14

1 p x


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4 h e rambZiflg Hive OrBut now she sells her FurnitureWhich th I n d i a had been ransackd for ;

Contracts th expensive Bill of Fare

And wears her strong Suit a whole Year

The slight and fickle Age is past ;

And Clothes as well as Fashions last.

Weavers that joind rich Silk with PlateAnd al l the Trades subordinate

r e gone. Still Peace and Plenty reignAnd every Thing is cheap tho plain

Kind Nature free from Gardners ForceAllows all Fruits in her own Course ;

But Rarities cannot be had

Where Pains t o get them are not paid.

E2 3 s Prideand Luxury decreaseSo by degrees they leave the Seas.Not Merchants now but Companies

Remove whole Manufactories.AU r t s and Crafts neglected lie ;

7.) Content the Bane of Industry

em 05 29 b But 3 SJ14

Compare Lochs reflection thus we see our all-wise MakerWhen a man is perfectly content suitably to our constitution and

with the state he is in-which is frame and knowing what it iwhen he is perfectly without any that determines th will has putuneasiness-what industry what into m n the uneasiness of hungeraction what will is there left and thirst and other natural debu t to continue in i t f . And sires that return a t their season4


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naves turn Honest 5

Makesem admire their homely StoreAnd neither seek nor covet more

S o few in the vast Hive remainn e undredth Part they cant maintain

Against th Insults of numerous Foes

Whom yet they valiantly oppose

Tillsome well-fencd Retreatis found

nd here they dieor stand their Ground.No Hireling in their Armysknown

But bravely fighting for theirown

heir Courage and Integrity

At last were crownd with Victory.

They triumphd not without their CostFor many Thousand Bees were lost.

Hardned with Toils and Exercise

They counted Ease t self a Vice

Which so improvd their Temperance

That to avoid ExtravaganceThey flew into ahollow Tree

Blest with Content and Honesty.

to move and etermine their of their speaes Elsayconcerningwills for the pramation of Human U stading, ed Fraseerthemselves and the continuation 1 8 9 4 ~ m . 3 .


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T H E

M O R A L

WH E N leave Complaints Foolsonly strivea l o make a Great an Honest H iv er.) njoy the Ww lds Conveniencies c

Be famd in W ar ye t l iven East

W itho ut great Yices s a vain

E U T O P I eated i n the Brain.Fraud Luxury and Pride must liveWhile we the Benefits receive

Hungers dreadful Plague no doubt

Y e t who digestsor thrives without?

Do we not owe the Growtho Wi n eo he dry shabby crooked V in e

W hich while i ts Shoots neglected stood

Chokd other Plants and ran to Wood

But blest us with its noble Ftuit

As soon as it was tyd and cut1.1 I v > 4 c Convcnimce~ 1shabby clookedj crooked shabby 05


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7be ?ORAL.o Vice s beneficial found,

When its by Justice lopt and bound

Nay where the People wouldbe great

As necessary to the State

As Hunger is t make ern eat

Bare Yirtue cant m a k e Nations live

In Splendor they that would revive

A Golden Age must be as free

For Acorns as for Honesty.1

In its use of feminine endingsthe GrumblingHivc is less Hudi-brastic th n s Mandevilles otherverse, containingonly some sevenper cent of theseendings as a-gainstthe twenty per centf Man-devilles verse asa whole and thethirty-five per cent of i s transla-tions from Scarron in Iypbon

37[ I

1704) and Wisbes to Godson1712). Perhaps Mandeville con-

sciously imitated t is feature ofHudibras a poem which hewi equoted Ireatire, ed. 1711, . gand Origin of Honour p. 134) ndwhose author healled theincomparableButler Ircutisc,P 94).

F I N I S

Benecio del viciomientras estlimitado por elderecho (leyesque el soberanono puedetransgredir)

Virtudes nopueden hacer unaNacinesplendorosa

Documents

Mandeville - Fable of the Bees