The Effects of Class A Fire The Effects of Class A Fire Suppressant Foams on the Suppressant Foams on the Growth of Growth of Rosa arkansanaRosa arkansana, ,

Symphoricarpos occidentalisSymphoricarpos occidentalis, , Poa pratensisPoa pratensis

Manhasset Science ResearchManhasset Science Research

NeedNeed

http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf

http://www.forestry.ky.gov/NR/rdonlyres/289FF5EC-B018-47EB-8D1F-FD71EEE065DC/0/Summary1960Present.pdf

NeedNeed

210,000 gallons of Class A concentrate, which 210,000 gallons of Class A concentrate, which is enough to make 42 million gallons of foam, is enough to make 42 million gallons of foam, were sold in 1992. (Johnson C.)were sold in 1992. (Johnson C.)

Knowledge BaseKnowledge Base

http://onioncity.com/wfd/images/exting_chart

Types of Flames

Knowledge BaseKnowledge Base

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg/220px-Fire_tetrahedron.svg.png

-Fire tetrahedron

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

-Freeborn P., 2007

http://www.firelab.org/Publications/Freeborn_Wooster_etal_2008_JournGeoRes_Vol113_D01301.pdf

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Larson D. et al.

http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/retardant/references/Larson_and_Newton_1996.pdf

Literature ReviewLiterature Review

Sroysaard N. et al., 2000

http://www.bouldercounty.org/openspace/resources/res_funding/res_fund_pdfs/Small%20Grant%20Research/2000/2000Syorsaard.pdf

PurposePurpose

The purpose of this experiment is to see the The purpose of this experiment is to see the effect of fire suppressant foams and fire effect of fire suppressant foams and fire retardants on the growth of plantsretardants on the growth of plants

HypothesisHypothesis Null- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had no effect Null- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had no effect

on the growth of the plantson the growth of the plants Alternate- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had an Alternate- The fire suppressant foams and fire retardants had an

effect on the growth of the plantseffect on the growth of the plants

MethodologyMethodologyPlants

Groups=2Sample Size= 15

(S. occidentalis, P. pratensis, and R. arkansana)

ControlContainers with plants grown with just water

VariableContainers with plants grown with water and fire suppressant

Procedure-Grow the three types of plants in each container that are 5in x 5in

-One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto the containers every other day-Measure the length of the stem

-Measure the stem of each of the leaves-Measure the length of the leaves

MeasurementLength of stem

Length of leavesAmount of fire suppressant and fire retardants applied.

AnalysisANOVA to see if there is a difference between the control and the variables.

Protocols for MeasurementProtocols for Measurement

5in x 5in container for the control and each 5in x 5in container for the control and each variablevariable

One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams One ounce of class A fire suppressant foams put onto the containers every other dayput onto the containers every other day

Same amount of water for the plantsSame amount of water for the plants

Protocols for MeasurementProtocols for Measurement

One container of One container of Rosa arkansanaRosa arkansana, , Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos occidentalisoccidentalis, , Poa pratensisPoa pratensis grown with water grown with water

One container of One container of Rosa arkansanaRosa arkansana, , Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos occidentalisoccidentalis, , Poa pratensisPoa pratensis grown with water and grown with water and Class A fire suppressant foamClass A fire suppressant foam

One container of One container of Rosa arkansanaRosa arkansana, , Symphoricarpos Symphoricarpos occidentalisoccidentalis, , Poa pratensisPoa pratensis grown with water and fire grown with water and fire retardantretardant

Do-AbilityDo-Ability

Plants can be grown easily in the labPlants can be grown easily in the lab The fire suppressant are non-toxicThe fire suppressant are non-toxic Rulers are easy to get Rulers are easy to get

BibliographyBibliography -DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. "Gene Altering Chemicals Found In Forest Fire Smoke." -DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. "Gene Altering Chemicals Found In Forest Fire Smoke." ScienceDailyScienceDaily 2 May 2 May

2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/04/090430091057.htm>.2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2009/04/090430091057.htm>. --Fire Information - National Fire NewsFire Information - National Fire News. 3 May 2009. National Interagency Fire Center. . 3 May 2009. National Interagency Fire Center. 4 May 2009 4 May 2009 http://www.nifc.gov/fire_info/nfn.htmhttp://www.nifc.gov/fire_info/nfn.htm --Fire TetrahedronFire Tetrahedron. 2009. Academic Laboratories & Field Facilities. 10 May 2009 . 2009. Academic Laboratories & Field Facilities. 10 May 2009

<http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=89&pageID=37>.<http://intraweb.stockton.edu/eyos/page.cfm?siteID=89&pageID=37>. -"FEMA: Wildfire." -"FEMA: Wildfire." WildfireWildfire. 28 May 2008. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 12 May 2009 . 28 May 2008. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 12 May 2009

<http://www.fema.gov/hazard/wildfire/index.shtm>.<http://www.fema.gov/hazard/wildfire/index.shtm>. -- Forces of Nature-Forest Fires Forces of Nature-Forest Fires. 4 June 2004. Think Quest. 3 May 2009 . 4 June 2004. Think Quest. 3 May 2009

<http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/forestfires/index.shtml>.<http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/forestfires/index.shtml>. - Freeborn, Patrick H. "Relationships between energy release, fuel mass loss, and trace gas and aerosol emissions during - Freeborn, Patrick H. "Relationships between energy release, fuel mass loss, and trace gas and aerosol emissions during

laboratory biomass fires." laboratory biomass fires." Journal of Geophysical ResearchJournal of Geophysical Research 113 (2007). 113 (2007). -Harris, Tom.  "How Fire Works."  14 May 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire.htm>  06 -Harris, Tom.  "How Fire Works."  14 May 2002.  HowStuffWorks.com. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire.htm>  06

May 2009.May 2009. --Information about the Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron and CombustionInformation about the Fire Triangle/Tetrahedron and Combustion. 13 Feb. 2009. Colchester Center. 9 May 2009 . 13 Feb. 2009. Colchester Center. 9 May 2009

<http://www.colchesterfire.org/html/whatisfire.html>.<http://www.colchesterfire.org/html/whatisfire.html>. Johnson, W. W. and Saunders, H. O. 1977, Johnson, W. W. and Saunders, H. O. 1977, Chemical forest fire retardants: acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scudChemical forest fire retardants: acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud. .

Tech. Paper #91, U.S. Forest Service.Tech. Paper #91, U.S. Forest Service. - Larson, Diane L. "EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT CHEMICALS AND FIRE SUPPRESSANT FOAM ON NORTH - Larson, Diane L. "EFFECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT CHEMICALS AND FIRE SUPPRESSANT FOAM ON NORTH

DAKOTA PRAIRIE VEGETATION." DAKOTA PRAIRIE VEGETATION." National Biological ServiceNational Biological Service.. --The Straight DopeThe Straight Dope. 22 Nov. 2002. What exactly is fire? 5 May 2009 <http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2425/what-. 22 Nov. 2002. What exactly is fire? 5 May 2009 <http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2425/what-

exactly-is-fire>.exactly-is-fire>. -Vogt, Gregory. -Vogt, Gregory. Forests on fire: the fight to save our treesForests on fire: the fight to save our trees. New York: F. Watts, 1990.. New York: F. Watts, 1990. -Wageningen University and Research Centre. "Experimental Fire Provides Knowledge About Damage After Forest Fires." -Wageningen University and Research Centre. "Experimental Fire Provides Knowledge About Damage After Forest Fires."

ScienceDailyScienceDaily 11 March 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090226110816.htm>. 11 March 2009. 5 May 2009 <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090226110816.htm>.