Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales

7/30/2019 Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales

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// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4/ / / / / / / / /

/ / / / / / / / / / / / /

Cxa| Måh &Ljjtm/!

A \ D O

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Cxa|g Ehchtj

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Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{

]gegt \fxgca

Kxgo Iüeh{ Cgtg

Aioglaj Egt}åoh{

Tgûc ]çttgig

Kjgo G/ Grgta|a

Kj|hr Cgljedg

Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg

\gajg Dacdgj Xtàma

Oxtag \httgoj

Hwxarj mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht

Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch|

\joag Jt}hig

Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh}



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC </ / / / / / / / /

GRTHOMAHOMJG \HT AIXGCH\/EGOXGC MHHMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=/ / / / / / / / /

ÅOMALH

ÅOMALH

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 8/ / / / / / / / /

Rth|ho}glaüo

7/// ºMa~ht|amgm j ma~ht|amgmh|: Cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|

Cxa| Måh# Cxa|g Ehchtj# Kj|hr Dxgmh|

7/// Ohlh|amgm mh mh|grthomht rgtg |hixat grthomahomj

4/// ºOxh~g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc j mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|:

</// Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag

=/// Hc iáohtj ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag8/// Cg amho}analglaüo thcaiaj|g ljej ljo|}txllaüo mh cg manhtholag

4/// Rcxtgca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; ºwxá |aioanalg

–ao}htlxc}xtgc― lxgomj fgdcgej| mh –hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc―:

Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{

7/// Gcixog| rthixo}g|

4/// Rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh rgt}amg

</// Rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc

=/// Mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm;

=/7/// Cg ohlh|amgm mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej

=/4/// Cj h|rhlånalj mh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc

=/</// Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ljej ao|}txeho}j rgtg cg ljo~a~holag;

ljomalajoh| mh |x mh|gttjccj

=/=/// ºOhiglaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej j ltå}alg ljo|}txl}a~g:

8/// Thnchvaüo naogc |jdth hmxlglaüo q nx}xtj

</// Gcixoj| ejmhcj| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc; hc mhdg}h ho}th cj|

ljo}hoamj| q cj| mh|}aog}gtaj|

]gegt \fxgca 7/// Hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg; Hmxlglaüo q ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc

4/// Cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc

</// Ltå}alg mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc

=/// Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

8/// Honjwxh| }hütalj| q rtçl}alj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

>/// Xog rtjrxh|}g rtçl}alg mh rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc

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/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Egoxgc mh hmxlglaÜo ao}htlxc}xtgc 9/ / / / / / / / /

6/// Hc cxigt mh cg hmxlglaüo oj njtegc; cg njteglaüo mh h|rglaj| q rj|adacamgmh| mh

thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch|

Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg q \gajg Dacdgj Xtàma

7/// Ao}tjmxllaüo4/// Mh cj| h|rglaj| rgtg cg thcglaüo mh gx}jgrjqj gc herjmhtgeaho}j rgtg cg ~a|adaca{glaüo

rûdcalg q rjcå}alg/

% Itxrj mh holxho}tj –]jtth mh Dgdhc―

% Cg rtgva| mh cg| exkhth| aoeaitgo}h| ho Exkhth| mhc Exomj

% Rtjqhl}j –Fheho―; Hvrhtaholag mh thcglaüo q holxho}tj kx~hoac ao}htlxc}xtgc

</// G|jlaglajoh| q H|rglaj| Ljexoa}gtaj|; ºh|rglaj| mh fjq gdaht}j| g cg laxmgmgoåg mhc eg÷gog:

% GERG mh cg H|lxhcg mh Xtadgtta ho Dacdgj

% Hc Ljo|jtlaj –Lxc}xtg| Xoamg| “ @xc}xt Dg}xg`―

=/// ºKxo}j| rhtj oj th~xhc}j|: H|rglaj| |jlagch| rgtg hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j

8/// Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho hc fjta{jo}h mh cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g j njteglaüo rgtg

cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g ho hc ohlh|gtaj fjta{jo}h mh cg |jcamgtamgm/ Cg hvrhtaholag mh

Exomx`j ]vj`jg

>/// Ljolcx|ajoh|

1/// Fa|}jtag mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ho H|rg÷g; cg hvrhtaholag mhc Rxhdcj Ia}goj

Oxtag \httgoj# Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj

7/// Hcheho}j| fa|}ütalj| q mh ljo}hv}j; cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|

4/// Cg |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|

</// Amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc=/// Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho cj| lho}tj|

hmxlg}a~j|/ Hc lg|j ia}goj

8/// Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc

>/// Cåohg| mh gllaüo# h|}tg}hiag| dç|alg|

9/// Cg| hvrhtaholag| ho hc }tgdgkj |jdth ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc

9/7/// Hc gllh|j g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|

9/4/// Cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ta}ej|# tx}aog| q ojteg| h|ljcgth|

9/</// Cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj

9/=/// Cj| cjitj| h|ljcgth|

9/8/// Thcglaüo mh cg ngeacag ljo cg h|lxhcg

72/// Hvlhcholag glgmáealg ho xo dgttaj fxeacmh q ljo gc}g rth|holag mh aoeaitgo}h|;

Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht# mh Egmtam

Hwxarj mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht

7/// Cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhc gcxeogmj; eç| gccç mh cg oglajogcamgm

4/// Lgtgl}htå|}alg| q jtigoa{glaüo mhc Lho}tj

4/7/// Hc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g

4/4/// Cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg

4/</// Hc Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag| &LGN!</// G|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|

=/// Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht

8/// Ljolcx|ajoh|

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GRTHO

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77/// Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g/

Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc

Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch|# \joag Jt}hig q Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh}

7/// Ao}tjmxllaüo4/// Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g

</// Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc

</7/// Jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo/ Wxá |h h~gcûg

</4/// Naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg

</</// Gxmaholag| j ljchl}a~j| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo

</=/// Nxho}h| h ao|}txeho}j| mh aonjteglaüo

</8/// Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo

</>/// Goçca|a| q |åo}h|a| mh cg aonjteglaüo

</9/// Manx|aüo mh cg aonjteglaüo

74/// Hråcjij

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MAHOMJG \HT

XGCH\/




RTH\HO]GLAÜO




Qg ho 711<# wxhmgdg rhtnhl}geho}h lcgtj ho }jmg Hxtjrg &q# rjt }go}j# }gedaáo ho H|rg÷g!# wxh cg

hmxlglaüo %wxh rjt ho}jolh| thladåg hc lgcanalg}a~j mh –exc}alxc}xtgc―% oj rjmåg mataiat|h

hvlcx|a~geho}h g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| q wxh }hoåg wxh mataiat|h g }jmg cg

rjdcglaüo# mh ejmj wxh h|}g grthomahtg# mh|mh cg aongolag# g |ht aixgch|# g ljerjt}gt|h ljejaixgch|# g thljojlht|h ljej aixgch|/ \ao hedgtij hc hxtjlho}ta|ej q cj| |aicj| mh ljcjoagca|ej “q

jrth|aüo# aokx|}alag# mh|aixgcmgm q hvlcx|aüo% oj fglho# rthla|geho}h# nçlac mh ljo|hixat hc jdkh}a~j

mh cg aixgcmgm thgc ho Hxtjrg/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo hxtjrhg# mh|mh hc mh|gttjccj mhc fhchoa|ej q |x|

thcglajoh| &grthoma{gkh|# rtá|}gej| lxc}xtgch|# fadtamglajoh|# eh|}a{gkh|…! ljo hc H|}h “G|ag% q hc

\xt “Çntalg%# q exlfj eç|# mh|mh cg cchigmg mh –aoeaitgo}h|― g Hxtjrg wxh# ho ljo}tg mh cj wxh

|xhch lthht|h h| exq go}aixg rthla|geho}h rjt cj| |aicj| mh thcglajoh| ljcjoagch| ljo hc th|}j mhc

exomj# fg thwxhtamj rhtegoho}heho}h xog hmxlglaüo –ao}htlxc}xtgc―/ \ao hedgtij# q h|}j th|xc}g

jd~aj# h|}j oj fg |amj |aherth g|å &IXOMGTG# 711<!/

–Xo hcheho}j ltå}alj ho cg rxh|}g ho egtlfg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc h| hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg|mh|}th{g| mh cj| rtjraj| rtjnh|jth|/ \h rxhmh gljeh}ht cg njteglaüo aoalagc mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho

h|}thlfg ljjrhtglaüo ljo h|lxhcg| wxh rj|hho rcgo}hgeaho}j| hnalglh| ho h|}j| }heg|/ ]gedaáo

h| ohlh|gtag xog njteglaüo rhtegoho}h gc th|rhl}j mxtgo}h cg ~amg rtjnh|ajogc mh cj| rtjnh|jth|/

Cg| h|lxhcg| mhdhtågo igtgo}a{gt wxh }jmj| cj| rtjnh|jth| gmwxatah|ho }gch| ljerh}holag| ho

eg}htag rhmgiüialg q lxttalxcgt/ Hc rtjdcheg rgtg cg| h|lxhcg|# ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# h| wxh exlfj|

ijdahtoj| oj ljergt}ho h|}g rht|rhl}a~g/

&…! Cg| h|lxhcg| ho}th lxqg| naogcamgmh| oj |h ljo}hercgo cg| ohlh|amgmh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| mh

gedj| itxrj| mh oa÷j|# hc egqjta}gtaj q hc eaojta}gtaj# rxhmho gqxmgt ljo |x ljtth|rjomaho}h

rtçl}alg gc ego}hoaeaho}j mhc tgla|ej q hc nxomgeho}gca|ej ho cg h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm/ Mh fhlfj#

rxhmh wxh rgt}h mh cg hvrcalglaüo mhc aoltheho}j mhc nxomgeho}gca|ej ho |jlahmgmh| ejmhtog| q#

mh ngl}j# cgalg|# tgmawxh ho wxh }gch| H|}gmj| oj fgo cjitgmj rtjrjtlajogt xo egtlj nateh q |hixtj

rgtg cg| ljexoamgmh| mh ma~ht|j| lthmj|/ Ljej ljo|hlxholag# cg hmxlglaüo thcaiaj|g q mh cj|

~gcjth| ehthlh xo thrcgo}hgeaho}j ho cg| h|lxhcg|# ho h|rhlagc ho cg ehmamg ho wxh h|}g| rxhmgo

gqxmgt ho hc rtjlh|j mh mh|gttjccj mh xo |a|}heg mh ~gcjth| ljeûo q ljergt}amj rjt gcxeoj| mh

dglìtjxom| ma~ht|j|/

&…! Xog lgtgl}htå|}alg dç|alg mhdhtåg |ht cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg thgc q hnhl}a~g mh cg aixgcmgm mh

jrjt}xoamgmh| q mh th|xc}gmj| ho cg hmxlglaüo rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j|/ &…! Ljo h|}h rgojtgegihohtgc# ºwxá ehmamg| rxhmho gmjr}gt cj| wxh ma|h÷go rjcå}alg| g cj| oa~hch| ljexoa}gtaj# cjlgc#

thiajogc q oglajogc rgtg ea}aigt cg mh|~ho}gkg hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc wxh |xnth itgo rgt}h mh cg |hixomg

ihohtglaüo: Xo rxo}j mh rgt}amg th|amh ho wxh cg mh|~ho}gkg hmxlg}a~g# ljej wxahtg wxh |h cg

mhnaog# }ahoh wxh |a}xgt|h ho hc ljo}hv}j |jlagc }j}gc/ Cg hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg gqxmgt g rthrgtgt g

}jmj| cj| oa÷j| rgtg xog ~amg rgt}alarg}a~g ljerch}g ho xog |jlahmgm lxc}xtgceho}h ma~ht|g/ H|}j

aercalg wxh cj| ijdahtoj| oglajogch| ohlh|a}go |ht# aolcx|j# eç| hvrcåla}j| glhtlg mh |x

glhr}glaüo mh cj| lgedaj| rjdcglajogch| wxh fgo }hoamj cxigt ho cg| ûc}aeg| málgmg|/ Cg

hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg hkhtlht xo tjc mh camhtg{ij ho cg cxlfg ljo}tg hc tgla|ej/ H|}j aercalg wxh cg

gl}xgc chia|cglaüo go}ama|ltaeaoglaüo mhdh |ht eç| hnalg{# g nao mh wxh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|

}hoigo ljonago{g ho |x lgrglamgm rgtg rtj}hihtch|/




&…! Gmheç|# h| h|holagc wxh cg hmxlglaüo ho cj| rgå|h| hxtjrhj| grjt}h g }jmj| cj| oa÷j| cg|

mh|}th{g| h aonjteglaüo ohlh|gtag| rgtg ljedg}at hc tgla|ej gdaht}j q holxdaht}j/ Cj| |a|}heg|

hmxlg}a~j| rxhmho igtgo}a{gt wxh hc thomaeaho}j mh cj| oa÷j| mh itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|# aolcxqhomj

cj| mh cg |hixomg ihohtglaüo# mhdh |ht hc ea|ej wxh hc mh |x| aixgch|/

&…! Cg hmxlglaüo mhdhtåg lgrgla}gt g lgmg oa÷j }go}j rgtg wxh gclgolh hc mjeaoaj ihohtgc mh cg

choixg oglajogc# ljej rgtg |x ljerch}g njteglaüo ho hc x|j mh |x choixg eg}htog# lg|j mh |ht

manhtho}h/ Rjoht ho rtçl}alg h|}j |aioanalgtåg wxh fgdtåg wxh aolcxat hc grthoma{gkh mh cg choixg

eg}htog ho cg hmxlglaüo ihohtgc q rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg aercgo}gtcg

ljo áva}j/ Hccj thwxahth xog| gmhlxgmg| ma|}tadxlajoh| rth|xrxh|}gtag|# g|å ljej xog| h|}txl}xtg|

h|ljcgth| grtjragmg|# rgtg g|hixtgt aixgceho}h xog grtjragmg jnht}g hmxlg}a~g/

&…! Xog lxh|}aüo lho}tgc mh }jmg| cg| h|lxhcg| mh Hxtjrg h| hc lxttalxcxe/ Xo lxttalxcxe

hxtjláo}talj wxh oj |h dg|h ho cg| ma~ht|g| nxho}h| mh ljojlaeaho}j gchkg g }jmj| cj| oa÷j| mhgmhlxgmg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh/ Aolcx|j ho çthg| grgtho}heho}h ejojlxc}xtgch|# cg

aerjt}golag mh xo lxttalxcxe ao}htlxc}xtgc h| hojteh |a cj| oa÷j| fgo mh mh|gttjccgt mh|}th{g|

ltå}alg| ho thcglaüo g cg| lthholag| q ljerjt}geaho}j| vhoünjdj|/ Ho|h÷gt xo lxttalxcxe

ao}htlxc}xtgc q g|hixtgt wxh cg hmxlglaüo ho cg| h|lxhcg| |hg hnalg{ rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j| thwxahth mh

lgedaj| ho cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj }go}j aoalagc ljej rhtegoho}h/ Xog gmhlxgmg njteglaüo

mhc rtjnh|jtgmj gqxmgtåg g igtgo}a{gt wxh }jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h| h|}ço |ahomj rthrgtgmj| rgtg xog

Hxtjrg ûoalg rhtj ma~ht|g ho hc |aicj ~hao}axoj―7/

H|}h goçca|a| q h|}g| rtjrxh|}g|# wxh mg}go mh 711<# oj |h fgo cch~gmj g cg rtçl}alg q daho rjmtåg

mhlat|h wxh# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# |ahomj xog ohlh|amgm }jmg~åg eç| aerhtaj|g wxh go}g÷j# cj| g~golh|

ao|}a}xlajogch| q rjcå}alj| fgo |amj eç| daho caea}gmj| q lcgtgeho}h ao|xnalaho}h| q# rjt ljo|aixaho}h#

cg| |jlahmgmh| fgo h~jcxlajogmj gc gcdxt mh cj| ~ga~hoh| rjcå}alj|# mh cj| ao}hth|h| mh mh}hteaogmj|

itxrj| q mh xog aiojtgolag wxh |h thnxiag ho ihohtgca{glajoh|# h|}hthj}arj| q rthkxalaj|/

Hc rtjdcheg h| wxh# mh h|}h ejmj# cg thrtjmxllaüo mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| g|å ljej mh cg aiojtgolag h|

exq manålac mh h~a}gt/ Q ljo h|}g mjdch thrtjmxllaüo h|}gej| gdjogomj hc }htthoj mh cj |jlagc rgtg wxh

|xtkgo q |h hv}ahomgo# xog ~h{ eç|# cj| ngo}g|eg| mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag# cj| ngo}g|eg| mh cj|

oglajogca|ej| hvlcxqho}h|# cg ohiglaüo# hvrcåla}g j mh ngl}j# mh cg xoa~ht|gcamgm ho thcglaüo ljo cg

maioamgm q cg aixgcmgm mh }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj|# ljo cg rátmamg ljo|aixaho}h mh mhthlfj| q ljo cggoxcglaüo mh cg| mh rjt |å h|lg|g| igtgo}åg| q |a|}heg| mh rtj}hllaüo mh cg| rht|jog| q itxrj| eç|

mh|ng~jthlamj|# gwxhccj| g cj| wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm mhkg eç| mh|rtj}hiamj|/

Lxgcwxaht |hithiglaüo# hvlcx|aüo j |hieho}glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo ho cg rj|adacamgm mh ~a~at xog ~amg

maiog# ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| ljo cg| mheç| rht|jog|# |jo ho |å ea|eg| gl}j| mh ~ajcholag

wxh rxhmho ihohtgt xog ~ajcholag thgl}a~g wxh aeramgo hc nx}xtj mh }jmj| q }jmg|/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj#

cg lthlaho}h ~a|adacamgm mh xog ma~ht|amgm wxh |aherth fg hva|}amj oj| hercg{g g mh|gttjccgt# rjt

7

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/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7</ / / / / / / / /

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ohlh|gtaj| rgtg |x }tgo|ea|aüo hnalg{/

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aoeaitgmg| q hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho hc gxcg/ Q h|}g| lxh|}ajoh| |h gdjtmgo mh|mh

xog }tarch maeho|aüo# wxh |xrjoh j}tg| }go}g| }gthg|; cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm mh|mh cg|

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aixgcmgm thgc/ Q }jmj hccj fg mh rcgo}hgt|h mh|mh xo ea|ej hkh wxh ~g mh|mh xo }arj mh ao}hitglaüo#

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ho oaoiûo j}tj |ho}amj# |a cg| ngeacag| oj rxhmho j oj wxahtho gljerg÷gt malfj| rtjlh|j|/ Cg



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=/ / / / / / / / /

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aerj|adch/ H|}j h| cj wxh }tg}gej| mh hvrcalgt ho hc lgrå}xcj wxao}j/

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x}aca{gmj| q hc rtjraj rgrhc mh cj| q cg| mjlho}h| ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j/

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xoa~ht|gcamgm mh cg hmxlglaüo/ Rhtj oj |ücj }homtç wxh th~a|gt|h |x mh|gttjccj gl}xgc# mh|mh hc

rxo}j mh ~a|}g }go}j mh cg jtigoa{glaüo h|ljcgt# ljej mh|mh cg njteglaüo q cg| lgrglamgmh| mh cj|

q cg| mjlho}h|# |aoj }gedaáo mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cg gmhlxglaüo mh cj| thlxt|j| ma|rjoadch|

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}go}j gx}ül}jog|# ljej oglajogca{gmg|# ljej hv}tgokhtg|# q th|rhl}j mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg

ea|eg |jlahmgm# h| mhlat# th|rhl}j mh gwxhccj| rtjlh|j| wxh |jo ohlh|gtaj| rgtg mh|gttjccgt q

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\ao hedgtij# h|}g ljo~a~holag q |x grthoma{gkh q }tgo|ea|aüo oj rxhmho caea}gt|h g cj| ljo}hoamj|

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ljo~a~holag rglånalg# mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# hc th|rh}j# hc gx}j%thljojlaeaho}j ho hc j}tj…

cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh mataiat|h# ohlh|gtageho}h# g }jmg cg |jlahmgm q oj |ücj g cg

rjdcglaüo ho hmgm h|ljcgt/ Rjt hccj# rth|ho}gej|# ho hc lgrå}xcj jl}g~j# xog mh cg| exlfg|hvrhtaholag| qg hva|}ho}h| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g }tg~á| mh h|rglaj| mh holxho}tj q thcglaüo

oj njtegch|# mataiamj| rtaolargceho}h g rht|jog| gmxc}g|# gxowxh oj |ücj g hccg|/ H|}g hvrhtaholag

|h dg|g ho cg gl}xglaüo mhc Lho}tj \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtåg# mh Dacdgj/

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ho lxho}g# |h dg|g ho hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg rtçl}alg glxexcgmg rjt rht|jog| h ao|}a}xlajoh|

ao~jcxltgmg| ho cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc thcglajogmg ljo hc Rxhdcj Ia}goj/ Oj |aherth |h

thlxhtmg wxh# exlfj go}h| mh cg cchigmg mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg|# oj rjlg| rht|jog| h

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gmwxatamj xog ~a|adacamgm q xog oj}jtahmgm |jlagc q rjcå}alg wxh go}h| oj |h ch fgdåg ljolhmamj/ Q#rthla|geho}h rjt hccj# mhdhtågej| rjmht grthomht mh h|g| hvrhtaholag|# mh cj| ljojlaeaho}j|




glxexcgmj| q mh cg tawxh{g q cg |gdamxtåg mh }go}g| rht|jog|# hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg|# wxh

mxtgo}h }go}j| g÷j| fgo rxh|}j ho rtçl}alg cj wxh gfjtg rgthlh xo mh|lxdtaeaho}j q xog oj~hmgm/

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lcg|h }tgdgkgmjtg# ljo xo gc}j rjtlho}gkh mh rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# ljo rjdcglaüo ia}gog#

ljo xog rj|alaüo |jlajhljoüealg ehmag%dgkg# q ljo gcixog| ngeacag| –exc}artjdcheç}alg|―/ Ljo

h|}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg|# hc ntglg|j h|ljcgt mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| mhc dgttaj mhdhtåg |ht eç| wxh

h~amho}h/ Q# |ao hedgtij# cg rtjrjtlaüo mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| wxh }hteaogo ljo áva}j |x| h|}xmaj|

h| |xrhtajt g cg ehmag mh cj| wxh cj fglho ho }jmj| cj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam/

Naogceho}h# ho hc lgrå}xcj jolh# gdjtmgej| cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh

cg ho|h÷go{g/ Rthla|geho}h rjt hc gxeho}j mh cg ~a|adacamgm mh cg ma~ht|amgm |jlagc q lxc}xtgc# ho

h|}h ejeho}j# xog ho|h÷go{g wxh oj mh|gttjcch cg lgrglamgm mh thcglaüo q ljo~a~holag eç| gccçmh cg rtjrag rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc q thcaiaj|g &j atthcaiaj|g! h|}gtç fglahomj xo ncglj ng~jt g cg

|jlahmgm gl}xgc q g cg |jlahmgm nx}xtg/ Q# rjt cg aerjt}golag gl}xgc q h|}tg}áialg wxh }ahoh cg

hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg| q cg| rht|jog| gx}ül}jog| q

rgtg cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc# malfg hmxlglaüo fg mh ljo}gt ljo |a|}heg| mh h~gcxglaüo mh lgcamgm wxh

igtgo}alho |x hnalglag# cg hnalaholag mh cj| thlxt|j| x}aca{gmj| q cg rj|adacamgm mh ljtthiat q |xrhtgt

cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh rxhmgo at |xtiahomj/

\gdhej| wxh cj wxh rth|ho}gej| oj h| hc naogc mh xo lgeaoj# |aoj hc ljeaho{j mh xo }tgdgkj wxh

|h dg|g ho hc ljertjea|j rht|jogc h ao|}a}xlajogc0 ho cg| gl}a}xmh| mh grht}xtg# th|rh}j q

thljojlaeaho}j mhc j}tj0 ho cg| ehkjtg| thgch| ho cg aixgcmgm mh }jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj|# ljo

aomhrhomholag mh |x| lgtgl}htå|}alg| rht|jogch| j |jlagch| q mh |x |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g0 q ho cg

thnchvaüo q hc }tgdgkj mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg|/ \a j}tj exomj fg mh |ht rj|adch# fgdthej|

mh ljo|}txatcj ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>/ / / / / / / / /

ºMA^HT\AMGMLXC]XTGC J

MH\AIXGCMGMH\OJ TH\XHC]G\:

Cxa| Måh# Cxa|g Ehchtj# Kj|hr Dxgmh|4

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7




Rgtg gmho}tgtoj| ho cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh h~a}gt|h hc rhcaitj mh –lxc}xtgca{gt― cg|

manhtholag| j cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh rxhmgo |xtiat ho cg| gxcg| j ho cg| thcglajoh| ho}th mjlho}h| q

gcxeoj| j gcxeog| q ho}th hc gcxeogmj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ H|}g lxc}xtgca{glaüo g|xeh cg

manhtholag j cg manalxc}gm ljej th|xc}gmj mathl}j mh xog ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g|jlagmg ho hvlcx|a~g#gltå}alg h atthnchva~geho}h# g cg rth|holag mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|/ Cg

ljo|hlxholag h| lcgtg; |a hc rtjdcheg h| cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q cg lgx|g h| cg rth|holag mh cj|

oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# ho}jolh| cg |jcxlaüo h|… Q g rgt}at mh gwxå rxhmh th|xc}gt

manålac oj lght ho hc ma|rgtg}h j cg aokx|}alag/

Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# gc aoalagt hc }tgdgkj wxh |xrjoh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# fgo mh }hoht|h ho

lxho}g cg| manhtholag| q mh|aixgcmgmh| wxh oj }ahoho wxh ~ht }go}j ljo cg lxc}xtg# ljej ljo j}tg|

ma~ht|amgmh| oj }hoamg| ho lxho}g rth~ageho}h q ljo mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|/ Cg aoeaitglaüo

oj fg ihohtgmj h|g| mh|aixgcmgmh|# rhtj |å rjoh ho h~amholag# ljo nthlxholag# wxh oj fgdågo |amj

th|xhc}g|/

Gmheç|# rxhmho |xtiat manalxc}gmh| g|jlagmg| gc ehtj gxeho}j mh rjdcglaüo ho xo ljo}hv}j

ao|}a}xlajogc ho hc wxh oj gxeho}go rtjrjtlajogceho}h cj| thlxt|j|/ Rhtj h|}g| manalxc}gmh| }ahoho

wxh ~ht ljo hc oûehtj mh rht|jog| wxh mhdho |ht aixgceho}h g}homamg|# qg ~hoigo á|}g| mh

mho}tj j nxhtg mh H|rg÷g# q ljo cg aogmhlxglaüo mh cg g|aioglaüo rth|xrxh|}gtag ljtth|rjomaho}h

wxh# mh oxh~j# oj }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg aoeaitglaüo# |aoj ljo cg| rtajtamgmh| mhc ijdahtoj &cjlgc#

gx}joüealj# oglajogc j hxtjrhj! mh wxh |h }tg}h/ Cg lxh|}aüo h|# ho h|}h |ho}amj# wxh h| eç| nçlac

dx|lgt xo lxcrgdch hv}htoj wxh g|xeat cg th|rjo|gdacamgm j cg |xeg mh th|rjo|gdacamgmh| ho}th cj|

rtjraj|/ Ljo aomhrhomholag mh wxh h|j ho}xtdah j aolcx|j aeramg cg ojtegcamgm mh cg| thcglajoh|

fxegog| q |jlagch| q fg|}g cg ea|eg ljo~a~holag/

Naogceho}h# h| nçlac holjo}tgt xog manalxc}gm g÷gmamg# wxh |h dg|g ho cg gnateglaüo mh wxh –|a oj fgq

dg|}go}h| thlxt|j|# ho}jolh|# rtaehtj rgtg cj| oxh|}tj|―/ Hc rtjdcheg gwxå h| ljomalajogt cg

aixgcmgm mh mhthlfj| q mh }tg}j g cg hva|}holag mh xoj| thlxt|j| wxh mhrhomho mh xog g|aioglaüo

rth|xrxh|}gtag wxh oj }ahoh ho lxho}g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog|/ J# mh j}tj ejmj# cj wxh

fgdtåg wxh rcgo}hgt h| rjt wxá oj fgq thlxt|j| |xnalaho}h|# lüej ljo|hixatcj| q tha~aomalgt wxh cg

g|aioglaüo igtgo}alh cg aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g q thexh~g cj| jd|}çlxcj| rgtg |x rchoj hkhtlalaj q

mh|gttjccj/

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4

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mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh ^gcholag –\go âlho}h Eçt}at―/




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4%% ºOxh~g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc j mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|:

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th|rjomht g hccg/ Rjt h|j# lgmg |ht fxegoj |h ao|ht}g rtjdcheç}algeho}h ho |x thgcamgm# wxh h| g

cg ~h{ dajcüialg# rht|jogc# |jlagc h fa|}ütalg/

Mh|mh gwxå# cg lxc}xtg }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg lgrglamgm mhc |ht fxegoj mh gmgr}gt|h g cg og}xtgch{g#

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wxh ~ht ljo cg ohlh|amgm mh gmgr}glaüo mh cg rtjrag ~amg mhc |ht fxegoj go}h q ntho}h g |å ea|ej/

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|x oglaeaho}j fg|}g |x exht}h/ Rhtj }gedaáo –xdalg― q mg |ho}amj g cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| q g cg|

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thgcamgmh| g|å ljej cg| hvrcalglajoh| ma|rjoadch| glhtlg mh }jmj hccj/ Rhtj oaoixog thgcamgm j

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q cg og}xtgch{g h| xog rgt}alxcgtamgm mh lgmg xog mh hccg|/

Lgmg lxc}xtg |h ma|}aoixh mh cg| mheç| rjt cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh jnthlh g wxahoh| cg ljergt}ho0 rjt cj|

ljo}hoamj|# hcheho}j|# ao|}a}xlajoh| q thcglajoh| wxh cg njtego0 g|å ljej rjt hc glho}j wxh lgmg xog

gmjr}h ho lxgo}j g |x nxolaüo |jlagc mh –jtmhogeaho}j―# –h|}gdacamgm |jlagc j mhc itxrj―# q

–thrtjmxllaüo―/ H|}g| nxolajoh| rjmtågo ljo|amhtgt|h –xoa~ht|gch|―# ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh njtego

rgt}h mh }jmg| q lgmg xog mh cg| lxc}xtg|/ Rjt h|j# rjmhej| mhlat wxh –cg lxc}xtg― h|# g cg ~h{#

ihohtgc q h|rhlånalg/ Cg h|rhlah fxegog ohlh|a}g mh –cg lxc}xtg― ljej ehmaj aerth|laomadch mh

gmgr}glaüo gc ehmaj# mh |xrht~a~holag# q ljej lgxlh rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Rhtj lgmg itxrj

fxegoj }ahoh xog lxc}xtg h|rhlånalg lxqg| th|rxh|}g| oj ohlh|gtageho}h ljaolamho ljo cg| wxh mgo

cj| mheç| itxrj| ho j}tj| }aherj|# cxigth| j |a}xglajoh| j rj|alajoh| |jlagch|# hljoüealg|# á}oalg|

j thcaiaj|g|/ H|}g| th|rxh|}g| q# rjt cj }go}j# cj| ljo}hoamj|# cj| hcheho}j|# cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| q cg|

thcglajoh| wxh lgmg lxc}xtg h|}gdchlh ljej rgx}g mh thgcamgm# rxhmho manhtat mh egohtg |aioanalg}a~g

q# |ao xog ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo hvfgx|}a~g# rxhmh th|xc}gt manålac cg ljergtglaüo ho}th xoj| q j}tj|# }go}j

ljej cg lgcanalglaüo mh –og}xtgc― mh gcixoj mh gwxhccj|/

Cj wxh wxhmg lcgtj# ho }jmj lg|j# h| wxh }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| fxegog| |jo grthomamg| q }tgo|ea}amg| g

}tg~á| mh cj| eûc}arch| rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo/ Cg| lxc}xtg|# rjt }go}j# |ücj |at~ho ho }go}j wxh |jo

ljergt}amg| rjt cj| eahedtj| mh xo mh}hteaogmj itxrj# g cj| wxh mg rgx}g| ho cg rhtlhrlaüo# ho hc

goçca|a| mh cg |a}xglaüo# ho cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h h|}gdchlho# ho cj| ~gcjth| grcalgdch|# ho cg| gl}a}xmh|

q ho cg| gllajoh| ljo cg| wxh |h th|rjomh g lgmg |a}xglaüo# h}l/ Rhtj# gmheç|# cg lxc}xtg jnthlh

|åedjcj| ljergt}amj| wxh rxhmho }hoht xo jtaiho thgc# g}tadxamj j aolcx|j eå}alj# rhtj wxh |at~ho

rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg| amho}amgmh| rht|jogch| q mh itxrj q# rjt }go}j# rgtg mh|gttjccgt hc |ho}amj

mh rht}hoholag g xog mh}hteaogmg ljexoamgm j itxrj |jlagc/ Rthla|geho}h rjt cg nxolaüo

–|x|}ho}gmjtg― wxh lxercho h|}j| |åedjcj|# }jmj| cj| itxrj| |xhcho |ht exq |ho|adch| g cg| ltå}alg|#lxh|}ajogeaho}j| q dxtcg| mh gwxhccj|# rjt cj wxh |x }tg}geaho}j mhdh lho}tgt|h ho cj wxh

thrth|ho}go rgtg cg| rht|jog| q oj |ücj ljej ehtj| jdkh}j| mh goçca|a|/




Hc rtjdcheg |xtih# xog ~h{ eç|# lxgomj cg lxc}xtg –|h lahttg― ljej gcij h|}ç}alj# ljej xo jdkh}j

wxh fgq wxh |gc~gixgtmgt mh lxgcwxaht ljo}geaoglaüo j lgedaj/ \ao hedgtij# cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg

lxc}xtg |jo mh og}xtgch{g maoçealg q gmgr}g}a~g;

%% Amho}analglaüo q |aioanalgmj mh cg h}oalamgm# mh cg| thcglajoh| á}oalg| q mh cj|

ljoncal}j| á}oalj|/

%% Cg ljertho|aüo mh q cg aerjt}golag g}tadxamg g cg| tgålh| dajcüialg| mhc

ljerjt}geaho}j fxegoj/

%% Cg og}xtgch{g# cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| q cg| chia}aeglajoh| mh cj| |a|}heg| hljoüealj|;

|xd|a|}holag# rtjmxllaüo# ljo|xej# glxexcglaüo q h|rhlxcglaüo/

%% Kx|}analglaüo# }jchtgolag q }tg}geaho}j mh cg rjdth{g# egtiaoglaüo q hvlcx|aüo

|jlagch|/

%% Cg| njteg| mh gllh|j gc rjmht# cg rgt}alarglaüo j oj ho cg ih|}aüo q x|j mhc rjmht q

cg ljo|}a}xlaüo mh itxrj|# oglajoh| q rg}tag|/%% Cj| |a|}heg| mh rgtho}h|lj q nacaglaüo/

%% Cg| thcglajoh| mh |hvj%iáohtj q |x kx|}analglaüo; –og}xtgch{g―# –h|rhlagca{glaüo―#

–mjeaoglaüo―/

%% Cg| thcaiajoh| q cg grht}xtg mhc |ht fxegoj g cg }tg|lhomholag/

%% Lj|ej~a|ajoh| q go}tjrjcjiåg| ma|rjoadch|/

%% Cg| thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog q |jlahmgm; rht|jogcamgm# choixgkh# thcglajoh|

|jlagch|# |jlagca{glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc/

%% Glhr}glaüo j oj mh cg maogealamgm mh cg rtjrag lxc}xtg; rj|adacamgmh| mh

gmgr}glaüo q lgedaj# mh h~jcxlaüo q }tgo|njteglaüo0 glhr}glaüo j thlfg{j mh

rtá|}gej|# fadtamglajoh| q eh|}a{gkh| lxc}xtgch|/

Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg lxc}xtg h| xo ao|}txeho}j wxh rxhmh |ht~at rgtg cg gmgr}glaüo mhc

|ht fxegoj g cg ljtrjthamgm0 g cg ljo|laholag q gc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm0 g cg ljo|laholag q gc

ljojlaeaho}j mh |å ea|ej0 g cg rj|adacamgm q g cj| cåea}h| mh cg cadht}gm0 gc ljo}tjc |jlagc q gc hkhtlalaj

mhc rjmht/ Q oj| jnthlh hc egtlj rgtg cg| rthixo}g| rjt hc |ho}amj mh cg ~amg fxegog# rjt cj wxh

h|}ç daho j oj q rjt cg naoa}xm j cg }tg|lhomholag mh cg ~amg fxegog# h| mhlat# cg| rthixo}g|

eh}gnå|alg|# á}alg| q thcaiaj|g|/ Rhtj }gedaáo fhej| mh |ht ljo|laho}h| mh wxh cg lxc}xtg rxhmh |ht

gmgr}go}h j –egc%gmgr}go}h― q wxh# ljej lgxlh j ao|}txeho}j# oj oj| jnthlh eç| wxh xo

mh}hteaogmj lgeaoj wxh fg mh |ht grcalgmj mh egohtg aoh~a}gdcheho}h rgt}alxcgt# mh|mh cg|ma~ht|g| hvrhtaholag| wxh ~a~h xog ea|eg rht|jog/ Rjt h|j# h| aoh~a}gdch wxh cg iho}h x}acalh

lthg}a~geho}h cg lxc}xtg/ Q wxh# rthla|geho}h rjt h|g ljo}hv}xgca{glaüo rht|jogc# lgmg grcalglaüo

rgt}alxcgt thwxahth |ht –}tgmxlamg―# ljercheho}gmg q ljerch}gmg ljo cg| hvrhtaholag| mh cg|

manhtho}h| rht|jog| q itxrj|/

Mh|mh }jmj cj go}htajt# th|xc}g manålac h|}gdchlht xog h|}tal}g fjejihohamgm lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh

oaoiûo itxrj fxegoj# eç| gccç mh cj| itxrj| eç| rhwxh÷j|# ga|cgmj| q g|jlagmj| g ljexoamgmh|

txtgch| q }tgmalajogch|/ Cg lxh|}aüo h|# gwxå# wxh fhej| nxolajogmj ljej |a# rjt hkhercj# }jmg| cg|

rht|jog| h|rg÷jcg| &j mh cg Ljexoa}g} ^gcholagog# j hxtjrhg|! ljergt}ah|ho xog ea|eg lxc}xtg#

ljeûo q fjejiáohg ho }jmj| |x| g|rhl}j| q maeho|ajoh| q ljej |a# lxgcwxaht ma|ho|aüo jmanhtholag# nxhtg gcij rgthlamj g xog –mh|~aglaüo― j# gc ehoj|# xog hvlhrlaüo/ Rhtj h|g lxc}xtg

ûoalg# ljeûo q fjejiáohg# oj fg hva|}amj oxolg g|å/






ntjo}htg| ho}th cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| rahtmho cg taiamh{ q cg lcgtamgm wxh rhtea}ågo cg ea|eg

lcg|analglaüo &Dgxegoo# 4222!/ Q h|}g rátmamg mhc –fjigt lxc}xtgc― fglh hehtiht xo jtmho |jlagc

exlfj eç| ntåj h ao|hixtj wxh hc rthlhmho}h/ Cg itgo rgtgmjkg h| wxh hc exomj gdaht}j q

lj|ejrjca}g mh fjq h| hc wxh ihohtg# ljej thgllaüo# rj|}xtg| thgl}a~g| mh eahmj q mh mhnho|g hocj| go}aixj| q oxh~j| oglajogca|ej|# ao}hita|ej| thcaiaj|j| q }tgmalajogca|ej| lxc}xtgch|/ Hc

h|lgcjntåj mh cg ao|hixtamgm |h }jtog ao}jchtgo}h q hoheaij mh lxgcwxaht maçcjij ljo hc exomj# gc

wxh ~h ljej hoheaij ljo}geaogmjt/ Cg ohlh|amgm mh rtj}hllaüo egomg lhttgt nacg| gcthmhmjt mh

cg |gog mjl}taog# mh cg gx}jtamgm jnalagc q ljerh}ho}h q thlhcg mh }jmg grht}xtg j thljojlaeaho}j mh

–cj j}tj―# ljej xog ljolh|aüo aogmea|adch q xog }tgalaüo g –cj oxh|}tj―/ \h aoalago# g|å# cj| lgeaoj|

rhcaitj|j| mh cg ma~a|aüo geaij%hoheaij# mho}tj%nxhtg# hccj|%oj|j}tj|# ljo }jmg| |x|

|aercanalglajoh| q gith|a~amgmh| &Egtmjoh|# 7119!/

Rjt j}tj cgmj# rxhmh jd|ht~gt|h xog hv}ho|aüo q fg|}g exomagca{glaüo# rhtj |ao mhejltg}a{glaüo#

mh cg aonjteglaüo q mh cg| lxc}xtg|# wxh h| ljo|hlxholag mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh icjdgca{glaüo/ Rhtjh|g hv}ho|aüo q exomagca{glaüo |h fg amj ljonaixtgomj ljej fjejihoha{glaüo mh cj hv}htoj q cj

gllh|jtaj g cg| rht|jog|# aolcx|j ljej aoljtrjtglaüo g xo rtjlh|j amho}a}gtaj ljeûo# rhtj |ücj ho

cj }ta~agc &ejmg|# grgtaholag hv}htog…!# |ücj ho cj wxh oj |xtih mh gwxhccj wxh fglh ûoalj h

atthercg{gdch g lgmg |ht fxegoj/ \ao hedgtij# h|}h rtjlh|j }ahoh }gedaáo xog| ljo|hlxholag|

geda~gcho}h|# rj|a}a~g| q ohig}a~g| gc ea|ej }aherj/ Cg ljo|hlxholag rj|a}a~g h| wxh gxeho}g cg

|ho|glaüo mh tawxh{g lxc}xtgc q mh thljojlaeaho}j mh –cj j}tj q ma~ht|j―# mh gx}jtthljojlaeaho}j

ho cj| h|}gdchlamj| ljej –manhtho}h|― q# mh|mh gfå# |h g~a|}g ljo nglacamgm cg aixgcmgm nxomgeho}gc#

cg tgmalgc xoamgm mhc iáohtj fxegoj# dg|gmg oj ho xog fjejihoha{glaüo herjdthlhmjtg# |aoj ho

cg tawxh{g q cg rj}holagcamgm mh cg thgcamgm exc}alxc}xtgc/ Rhtj cg ljo|hlxholag ohig}a~g h| cg egqjt

ao|hixtamgm h aolht}amxedth# aolcx|j hc eahmj# go}h cj manhtho}h q hc |ho}aeaho}j mh gehog{g rjt cg

rátmamg mh xog aegiaogtag fjejihohamgm j xoanjteamgm wxh# ljej |h fg |h÷gcgmj# oxolg hva|}aü

&Egtmjoh|# 7119!/

Hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg thcg}a~amgm mh cg| lxc}xtg| q }tgmalajoh| fglh j rhtea}h wxh cg| rht|jog| |hgo

eç| thnchva~g|# gxowxh }gedaáo ch| rxhmh fglht eç| h|lár}alg| q egoarxcgmjtg|/ Cg hvrhtaholag

mh xog cadht}gm aohcxmadch q mh cg ohlh|amgm mh hchiat fglh h~amho}h# }gedaáo# cg aerj|adacamgm mh

ljo}tjcgt cg |jlahmgm/ Fgq# g|å# xog eh{lcg mh grht}xtg q lahtth mh fjta{jo}h|# wxh rxhmh }go}j

h|}aexcgt cg lthg}a~amgm q cg th|rjo|gdacamgm |jlagc# ljej rgtgca{gtcg|/ Rjt h|j# ho h|}g g}eü|nhtg

|jlagc q lxc}xtgc# cg }jchtgolag q cg ao}jchtgolag h|}ço ccgegmg| g lthlht gc ea|ej }aherj/ Rxhmhlthlht cg }jchtgolag g }tg~á| mh cg ~a~holag q hc holxho}tj ljo –cj manhtho}h―/ Rhtj cg }jchtgolag rxhmh

}tgmxlat|h ho xog h|rhlah mh ljo|xej mh |ho|glajoh| ma~ht|g| wxh naogceho}h glgdgo holhttgmg|

ho xo exomj wxh oj }jeg ho |htaj oa cj rtjraj oa cj manhtho}h/ H|}h rhcaitj kx|}analg cg thgllaüo

ljo}tgtag; cg ao}jchtgolag wxh hoihomtg ngoç}alj|/ Q cg h|lxhcg# cg hmxlglaüo# hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q

cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| |htço# aoh~a}gdcheho}h# xoj mh cj| cxigth| |jlagch| mjomh |h hontho}gtço

h|}g| rj|}xtg|# lgmg xog mh cg| lxgch| }tg}gtç mh g|ho}gt |x| rj|alajoh|/ Cg hmxlglaüo h|}ç

|htageho}h mh|gnagmg g rtjrjtlajogt cg| hcheho}gch| lht}h{g| ljo cg| wxh ~a~at xog ~amg fxegog# g

cg ~h{ wxh rtjlxtgt cg grht}xtg rgtg rjmht |ht laxmgmgoj| mh xo exomj rcgoh}gtaj q exc}alxc}xtgc

&Egtmjoh|# 7119!/




<%% Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc

Qg ho cg málgmg mh cj| 12 mhc |aicj rg|gmj# |h mgdg rjt h|}gdchlamj wxh cg |jcxlaüo g cg rjdth{g oj

htg qg xo rtjdcheg mh ehmaj|# |aoj mh naoh|# mh wxhtht j oj wxhtht q# rjt }go}j# mh ~jcxo}gm rjcå}alg&LHR\# 7118!/ Ho hc ljo}hv}j ao|}a}xlajogc mh Lçta}g| q mh cg Nxomglaüo NJH\\G# ljo cg

exc}arcalglaüo mh cj| h|}xmaj| |jdth cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho H|rg÷g# hc

Aonjteh Ihohtgc# cg| ejojitgnåg| |jdth itxrj| q*j |a}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg| &exkhth|# kü~hoh|#

}htta}jtaj q ~a~ahomg…!# h}l/# wxhmgdg lcgtj cj wxh |xrjoåg –cxlfgt ljo}tg cg rjdth{g fjq― &Thoh|#

7117!# g|å ljej cg| hvaiholag| wxh |h mhta~gdgo mh hccj/

Ho h|}h ejeho}j# ~hao}h g÷j| mh|rxá|# xog dxhog rgt}h mh cg| rtjrxh|}g| wxh |h fgo fhlfj

ljo|}go}heho}h mh|mh ho}jolh| |aixho |ahomj gmhlxgmg| q ohlh|gtag|/ Aolcx|j fgo gmwxatamj xo

egqjt itgmj mh xtiholag rjt cg| |a}xglajoh| wxh fgo amj grgthlahomj ljej th|xc}gmj mh cg lta|a|

hljoüealg q mhc mh|jtda}gmj gxeho}j mhc mh|herchj ho H|rg÷g mh|mh |hr}ahedth mh 4229/Rthla|geho}h# ho h|}h ejeho}j eç| wxh ho j}tj|# h| aerth|laomadch q xtiho}h thlxrhtgt cg rjcå}alg

ljej lgxlh rtaolargc rgtg g}homht thgceho}h cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| q mh cg |jlahmgm/ Hc

ea|ej mh|rth|}aiaj |jlagc mh cg rjcå}alg# q cg h~amholag mh cg| rtçl}alg| wxh cg mh|rth|}aiago# h| xo

ngl}jt g÷gmamj wxh manalxc}g q# ho jlg|ajoh|# aeramh cg |jcxlaüo thgc mh cj| rtjdcheg|/ Rhtj# rgtg

thlxrhtgt h|h rth|}aiaj q h|g ljonago{g rhtmamj|# fgdtç wxh g|xeat q fglht rj|adch# ho}th }jmj| q

}jmg|# xo lgedaj mh ejmhcj ho hc ejmj mh fglht rjcå}alg/

Fjq oj rxhmh th|xc}gt glhr}gdch xo ejmhcj dg|gmj ho hc jlxc}geaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# ho cg

rtjrgigomg rjcå}alg ljej ehtg gnateglaüo mh cg atthgcamgm# ho hc thlfg{j mh }jmg ltå}alg q hc lg|}aij

mh cj| wxh |h g}th~ho g fglhtcg|/ Oj rxhmh kx|}analgt|h ho ejmj gcixoj cg ljjr}glaüo mh cg|

ao|}a}xlajoh| ma|rxh|}g| g rgt}alargt ho cg rtjrgigomg/ ºLüej rxhmh ljo|}txat|h xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo

h aolcxqho}h mh|mh hc hontho}geaho}j q cg mh|lgcanalglaüo mh }jmj cj wxh |h grgt}g mh cg| mathl}talh| j

mhla|ajoh| mhc rgt}amj mh wxh |h }tg}h: Xo ejmhcj g|å |xrjomtåg# ho thgcamgm# cg aohnalglag q ho cg

aohnalaholag mh }jmj hc |a|}heg/ Rjt hccj# fg mh gnategt|h cg xtiholag q cg aerjt}golag mhc

thljojlaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# mh cg rgt}alarglaüo ho hc ma|h÷j# hkhlxlaüo q ljo}tjc mh cg| rjcå}alg|

rûdcalg|0 mh cg ljcgdjtglaüo q ljjtmaoglaüo thgc ho}th ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| &mh ma|}ao}j oa~hc “h|}g}gc#

gx}joüealj# cjlgc%# rhtj }gedaáo ho}th cg| mhc ea|ej oa~hc!# rtaehtj# q ho}th ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| q

jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# mh|rxá|0 cg xtiholag q cg aerjt}golag mh cg g|aioglaüo mh rth|xrxh|}j|

|xnalaho}h| rgtg th|rjomht thgceho}h g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| q mh cg |jlahmgm q rgtgthgca{gt cj wxh |h malh rth}homht ljej jdkh}a~j q# rjt }go}j# mh xo ejmhcj dg|gmj ho cg mj}glaüo mh

cj| thlxt|j| naogolahtj|# fxegoj| q }áloalj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj cg| rjcå}alg| ohlh|gtag|/

Gmheç| mh cg ohlh|amgm mh xo lgedaj mh ejmhcj ho cg rtçl}alg rjcå}alg q ho cg ih|}aüo mh cj

rûdcalj# h| aerth|laomadch gdjtmgt cg ntgiacamgm q cg| itg~h| caea}glajoh| mh cg rtj}hllaüo |jlagc q mh

cg| igtgo}åg| mh xog aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g ho H|rg÷g/ Hc ejmhcj mh rtj}hllaüo |jlagc q mh

igtgo}åg| rgtg cg aixgcmgm thgc q hnhl}a~g h| xo ejmhcj ao|xnalaho}h ho |x mh|gttjccj# ho |x mj}glaüo

hljoüealg q ho cj| thlxt|j| fxegoj| ma|rjoadch|/ \å fgq xog |xlh|aüo mh ehmamg| chia|cg}a~g| q

rcgoh|# h|}tg}áialj| j rxo}xgch|# rhtj cg rtjnx|aüo ho hc ma|h÷j q ho hc goxolaj mh cg| ehmamg| oj

|h fg ljtth|rjomamj ljo g~golh| thgch|# ljo|jcamgmj| g }tg~á| mh mhthlfj| jdkh}a~j|# ho cgrtj}hllaüo q ho cg aixgcmgm mh cg| rht|jog| wxh |h holxho}tgo ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|rtj}hllaüo j mh

mh|aixgcmgm/




Gmheç|# gc aergl}j mh cg lta|a| ho }áteaoj| mh mh|herchj# |h ch |xeg cg mh|rtj}hllaüo thgc wxh |h

jtaiaog rjt xoj| thlxt|j| wxh qg htgo ao|xnalaho}h|# go}h| mh cg lta|a|# rgtg cg| ohlh|amgmh| wxh

fgdåg ho}jolh|/ Cg aogmhlxglaüo ho}th cj| rth|xrxh|}j| g|aiogmj| q cg| ohlh|amgmh| rht|jogch|#

ngeacagth| q |jlagch|# fg |amj xog ljo|}go}h ho }jmj| h|}j| g÷j|/ Q# }tg| hc ljeaho{j mh cg lta|a|# |hfgo amj rtjmxlahomj thljt}h| |xlh|a~j| ho cg hv}ho|aüo q ho cg ao}ho|amgm mh cg rtj}hllaüo |jlagc/

Mh|rtj}hllaüo wxh gnhl}g }gedaáo# q mh ejmj exlfj eç| itg~h# g cg| |a}xglajoh| eç| xtiho}h|/

]jmj hccj |h mg g cg ~h{ wxh gcixog| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# |ao xog naogolaglaüo rûdcalg

|xnalaho}h# ao}ho}go |xrcat g cj| |ht~alaj| rûdcalj|# aolcx|j g|xeahomj th|rjo|gdacamgmh| q

ljerh}holag| rûdcalg|/ Eaho}tg| }go}j# ho gcixog| mh cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| th|rjo|gdch| mh cg|

th|rxh|}g| g h|g| |a}xglajoh| |h mg xog ma|ljo}aoxamgm mh rtjitgeg| q gllajoh|0 xog

aoh|}gdacamgm mh cj| }áloalj| wxh fgo mh rjohtcj| ho rtçl}alg0 xo hvlh|j mh dxtjltglag q xog ngc}g

mh th|rxh|}g| hnhl}a~g|0 xo mh|ljojlaeaho}j# rjtwxh oj |h thia|}tgo# mh cg| |a}xglajoh| oj

g}homamg| j mhta~gmg| g j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh|0 xog ngc}g mh lcgtamgm q }tgo|rgtholag wxh rxhmh}tgmxlat|h ho ma|lthlajogcamgm q gtda}tgtahmgm# rjt hkhercj# ho cg g|aioglaüo mh thlxt|j|#

|xd~holajoh|# h}l/0 q xog mhejtg manålac mh kx|}analgt ho cg th|rxh|}g g cg| |a}xglajoh| eç| xtiho}h|/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rjt }go}j# hc ea|ej ejmhcj h| xo ngl}jt g÷gmamj wxh ihohtg# ego}ahoh q

thrtjmxlh cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc# h| mhlat# mh rjdth{g# egtiaoglaüo q hvlcx|aüo/

Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh hc |a|}heg h|rg÷jc mh rtj}hllaüo |jlagc h| hc |hixomj eç|

aohnalaho}h mh Hxtjrg# ho itgo ehmamg rjt cg manålac h|}txl}xtg gmeaoa|}tg}a~g h|rg÷jcg/ Rjt j}tg

rgt}h# th|xc}g exlfg| ~hlh| h~amho}h cg mh|ljjtmaoglaüo# lxgomj oj cg ljerh}holag mh|chgc# ho}th

Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|# aolcx|j mhc ea|ej |aioj rjcå}alj q mho}tj mh cj| ma~ht|j| çeda}j|

|hl}jtagch| mh xog ea|eg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo# qg |hg h|}g cjlgc# gx}joüealg j h|}g}gc &~a~ahomg#

herchj# njteglaüo q lgrgla}glaüo cgdjtgc# hmxlglaüo# |ht~alaj| |jlagch|# |gcxm…!/ ]jmj hccj

ihohtg# mh fhlfj# xog ~htmgmhtg mh|aixgcmgm mh cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh |h mgo# mh|mh cg| ma|}ao}g|

ljexoamgmh| gx}üojeg|# go}h |a}xglajoh| j rtjdcheg| aixgch|# rthla|geho}h rjt cg| manhtholag|

ho cg hv}ho|aüo q cg ao}ho|amgm mh cg ljdht}xtg mh cg| th|rxh|}g| mh cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|/

Gc naogc# g cg| rht|jog|# ngeacag| q itxrj| mh|}aog}gtaj| mh cg g}holaüo |ücj cchig xog rhwxh÷g rgt}h

mh cj| thlxt|j| wxh |h ~go rhtmahomj ho hc }tg|~g|h mh xo oa~hc mh cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo gc |aixaho}h/

H|}g |a}xglaüo# g cj cgtij mh cj| g÷j|# fg |xrxh|}j xo }tg|rg|j mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm wxh }jmg~åg

}ahoho ho hvlcx|a~g cg| Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg| ho nxolaüo mh |x| ljerh}holag|# g cg|jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# exq h|rhlagceho}h ho cg g}holaüo q th|rxh|}g g cg| ohlh|amgmh|#

lgtholag| q rtjdcheg|# aolcx|j dç|alg|# mh cg| rht|jog| q cj| itxrj| |jlagch| gnhl}gmj|/ Rhtj h|}g

|xrcholag h| jd~ageho}h aerj|adch; cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch| oj rxhmho |x|}a}xat g cg|

Gmeaoa|}tglajoh| Rûdcalg|# oa h|}g| rxhmho fglht mhkglaüo mh |x th|rjo|gdacamgm/

Gmheç|# cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# aolcx|j cg| wxh h|}ço ao}ho}gomj g}homht cg| ohlh|amgmh|#

lgtholag| q rtjdcheg| oj g}homamj| rjt cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo# }ahoho xo rgrhc |ücj |hlxomgtaj q#

exlfg| ~hlh|# aohva|}ho}h# ho hc ma|h÷j q h~gcxglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg|/ Cg| |xd~holajoh| |h

x}aca{go# ho jlg|ajoh|# oj ljej lgxlh mh rgt}alarglaüo laxmgmgog q ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm ho}th cg|

ao|}a}xlajoh| rûdcalg| q cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|# |aoj ljej ao|}txeho}j mh ljo}tjc mh cj|eho|gkh| rûdcalj| mh cg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|/ H|}g|# rjt }go}j# }ahoho# ho hc ehkjt mh cj|




lg|j|# xo rgrhc ehtgeho}h ljo|xc}a~j# rhtj |ao ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm thgc# oa rgt}alarglaüo thgc# ho hc

ma|h÷j# hkhlxlaüo q h~gcxglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| |jlagch|/

]jmg| h|}g| manalxc}gmh| |h gitg~go rjt hc fhlfj mh wxh ngc}g xo ljojlaeaho}j gmhlxgmj mh cgthgcamgm |jlagc gl}xgc# g|å ljej mh cg| ohlh|amgmh|# lgtholag| q rtjdcheg| mh cg| rht|jog| q

ngeacag| wxh th|amho ho lgmg çeda}j }htta}jtagc/ Exq rjlg| jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch| ao}ho}go

|a|}heg}a{gt |x ljojlaeaho}j q hvrhtaholag ho njteg mh h|}xmaj| j goçca|a| mh cg| thgcamgmh|

|jlagch| g cg| wxh ao}ho}go th|rjomht/

\ao hedgtij# }jmg| h|}g| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g| oj |ücj gnhl}go g cg| ljomalajoh| thgch| mh

~amg mh cg| rht|jog|# ngeacag| q itxrj| |jlagch| gl}xgch|# fglaáomjcg|# ho jlg|ajoh|# aofxegog| j

aontgfxegog|/ \aoj wxh gnhl}go# }gedaáo# g cg| ihohtglajoh| nx}xtg| g }tg~á| mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh

thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc &~ht naixtg 7!/ Eç| gccç mh cg aoncxholag mh cg rtjrag ngeacag q mh cj| mheç|

ngl}jth| mh |jlagca{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| &wxh gdjtmgthej| ho xo lgrå}xcj rj|}htajt!# rjt h|j|jo }go aerjt}go}h| cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| oj th|xhc}g|; rjtwxh rtjmxlho j ego}ahoho xog rgt}alxcgt

h|}tg}analglaüo |jlagc q ihohtgo xog mh}hteaogmg h|}txl}xtg |jlagc wxh aoncxqh hojteheho}h ho cg|

rj|adacamgmh| mh hmxlglaüo# rtjejlaüo cgdjtgc q mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh lgmg oa÷j q oa÷g# ho nxolaüo

mh |x jtaiho |jlagc q# rjt }go}j# mh |x oglaeaho}j/

Cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc hva|}ho}h aercalg wxh ho}th xo 42( q xo 48( mh cg| ngeacag| th|amho}h| ho

H|rg÷g h|}ço hvlcxamg| mhc gllh|j g xog ~amg maiog q g cg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh rtjejlaüo q

mh|gttjccj rht|jogc wxh |h dg|go# rthla|geho}h# ho cg lgcamgm mh ~amg/ Cg egcg lgcamgm mh ~amg q cg

ngc}g mh jrjt}xoamgmh| jlg|ajogo hc mh}htajtj# }go}j mh cg| ljomalajoh| eg}htagch| mh cg hva|}holag

ho cg| ngeacag|# ljej mh cg| thcglajoh| fxegog| mho}tj q nxhtg mh cg ngeacag# mh}htajtçomj|h# g|å# cg

ao}hitglaüo rht|jogc q |jlagc/ Cj| fakj| mh h|}g| ngeacag| ~a~ho q grthomho –ljej og}xtgc― cg| egcg|

ljomalajoh| mh ~amg# cg| lgtholag| rht|jogch| q |jlagch|# cg ngc}g mh jrjt}xoamgmh| mh mh|gttjccj#

cj| rtjdcheg|# cg| gl}a}xmh|# cg| gr}a}xmh| q cg| njteg| mh thcglaüo wxh |h h|}gdchlho ho cg ngeacag#

ho hc ho}jtoj |jlagc q xtdgoj q ljo cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/ H|}g h| cg fhtholag wxh thladho h|}j| oa÷j| q

oa÷g|/ H| hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg mh cg –|hixomg ihohtglaüo― “mh lgmg |hixomg ihohtglaüo%/ G|å#

lxgomj fgo mh ljerh}at –ho }áteaoj| mh aixgcmgm― ljo cj| mheç| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rgtg ljo|hixat xo

cxigt ho cg |jlahmgm ojtegca{gmg# grhog| |a }ahoho gcixog rj|adacamgm mh cjitgtcj# |gc~j wxh }hoigo

xog lgrglamgm mh h|nxht{j ~htmgmhtgeho}h fhtjalg/




Naixtg 7

Jtaiho |jlagc# hmxlglaüo q herchj; ngl}jth| mh thrtjmxllaüo j lgedaj |jlagc

Nxho}h; hcgdjtglaüo rtjrag/

Cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rgt}ho# g|å# mh xog rj|alaüo |jlagc# hljoüealg# h}l/# mh|aixgc ho nxolaüo mh cg ngeacag ho

cg wxh fgo oglamj/ Mh|mh gfå# |h aoljtrjtgo# cj| wxh cj fglho# gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ Xo |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j

wxh |h ljoladh g |å ea|ej# gc ehoj|# mh|mh mj| ~a|ajoh| ma|}ao}g| &\çolfh{ mh Fjtlgkj# 7117!/

Xog mh hccg| gnateg cg ohx}tgcamgm mh cg h|lxhcg q h|}gdchlh wxh hc th|xc}gmj mh cg hmxlglaüo mhrhomh

hvlcx|a~geho}h mh cg ~jlglaüo q cg| lgrglamgmh| –og}xtgch|― mh lgmg gcxeoj j gcxeog/ Cj ûoalj wxh

fglh cg h|lxhcg# |hiûo cg rtaehtg mh h|}g| ~a|ajoh|# gc naogc mhc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j# h| lht}analgt cj wxhlgmg rht|jog –h|―# cg| lgrglamgmh| wxh }ahoh# cg ~jlglaüo wxh exh|}tg/ Q# g }tg~á| mh cg|

lgcanalglajoh|# j}jtig g lgmg rht|jog cj wxh mhdh h|rhtgt# cj wxh –ehthlh―# cj wxh }ahoh mhthlfj g

thlcgegt g cg |jlahmgm/ Mh|mh h|}g rj|alaüo# cg H|lxhcg }tg}g g }jmj| rjt aixgc# mgomj g }jmj| q }jmg|

cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh|/ H| aomhrhomaho}h mh cj wxh jlxtth ho cg |jlahmgm q h| aoexoh g cg|

mh|aixgcmgmh| q rtjdcheg| |jlagch|/ Cg H|lxhcg# naogceho}h# mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g# oj }ahoh ho

lxho}g cj| ao}hth|h| rth|ho}h| ho cg |jlahmgm# oa |x rth~gcholag# oa |x lgrglamgm mh aerj|alaüo# q

lxerch nahceho}h |x }gthg mh mh|gttjccgt q |a}xgt g lgmg rht|jog ho |x cxigt/

Cg j}tg# ho}ahomh cg hmxlglaüo ljej xo rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo lxqj nao h| cg gmhlxglaüo mh lgmg

aoma~amxj ljo cg |jlahmgm# h| mhlat# cg lgrgla}glaüo mh lgmg rht|jog rgtg wxh lgmg xog g}ahomg cg|ohlh|amgmh| h ao}hth|h| mh cg |jlahmgm# mh egohtg manhtholagmg# g }tg~á| mh cg ma|}tadxlaüo q g|aioglaüo

mh tjch| q ehmago}h cg g}tadxlaüo mh h|}g}x|/ \hiûo h|}g rj|alaüo# cg H|lxhcg thgca{g xog }gthg mh

Ejeho}j 7; rj|alaüo |jlagcmh cg ngeacag mh jtaiho

\a|}heg|hmxlg}a~j|

Ejeho}j 4; rj|alaüo |jlagcmh cj| fakj| rjt |x ao|htlaüo cgdjtgc

mh|mh cg hmxlglaüo thladamg

Gc naogc# oj| hontho}gej| g xog |a}xglaüo aowxah}go}h; ºWxá jlxtth |a |h tjerh cg thcglaüo ho}thhmxlglaüo q herchj: ºWxá }arj mh |jlahmgm |xtih: ºWxá jlxtth ljo cg| rht|jog|:ºWxá |h rxhmh ao}ho}gt:º\h |jcxlajogtç hc rtjdcheg: ºRjmhej| h|}gt fgdcgomj mh xog |jlahmgm ho cg wxh –oj lgdhej| }jmj|#h| mhlat# ho cg wxh oj }jmj| rjmthej| ~a~at xog ~amg maiog# gxowxh –fgigej| daho cg| lj|g|―:

Nac}tj nxolajogca|}g; cg aixgcmgmho hc gllh|j q cg aixgcmgmmh

jrjt}xoamgmh| xog ~h{mho}tj mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j

H|}txl}xtg \jlagcH|}tg}analglaüo \jlagcMh|aixgcmgm \jlagc

Oxh~g| njteg| mh |jlahmgmj mh thcglaüo fxegogq |jlagc# rjcå}alg# h}l/

% Giho}h| aercalgmj|% Thlxt|j| ma|rjoadch|

% Rtjlh|j|mh manhtholaglaüoq |hchllaüo

% Lgra}gc lxc}xtgc% âjcholag |aedücalg

% THRTJMXLLAÜO \JLAGCEHLÇOALG

% Th|a|}holag q lgedaj|jlagc# lxc}xtgc q rjcå}alj

% Thljojlaeaho}j mhceáta}j q hc h|nxht{j

H|}txl}xtg \jlagcH|}tg}analglaüo \jlagcMh|aixgcmgm \jlagc





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<2/ / / / / / / / /

rj|adacamgmh| mh lgedaj |jlagc q mh ihohtglaüo mh oxh~g| njteg| q h|rglaj| q lgxlh| mh thcglaüo

mh cg| rht|jog| q mh jtigoa{glaüo |jlagc/

Gfjtg daho# }jmg| h|}g| rj|alajoh| rth|xrjoågo xog laht}g ljtth|rjomholag ho}th hmxlglaüo qherchj# ho}th cj| th|xc}gmj| ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q hc oa~hc gclgo{gmj ho hc ea|ej# q hc gllh|j#

rtaehtj# gc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj# q mh|rxá|# mho}tj mh h|}h# g cj| ma|}ao}j| rxh|}j| mh }tgdgkj gljtmh|

ljo cj| th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ Lgmg ~h{ mh njteg eç| glx|gmg# h|g

ljtth|rjomholag |h fg tj}j q oj| holjo}tgej| ho |jlahmgmh| ho cg| wxh# }gc q ljej h|}ç jtigoa{gmj

hc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj# rxhmh fgdht lgmg ~h{ eç| rht|jog| wxh oj }hoigo lgdamg ho cg |jlahmgm# gc

ehoj|# mh|mh cg rj|adacamgm mh gclgo{gt xo herchj mhc wxh |h mhta~ho xog| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg

maiog|/ Rhtj cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |xtiatço# |ao mxmg# mh xog |a}xglaüo g|å |jo exlfj|/

\a rgtg cg| rht|jog| wxh fgo h|}xmagmj oj fgq }tgdgkj maioj j# |aercheho}h# oj fgq }tgdgkj# ºrgtg wxh

h|}xmagt: \xtih# g|å# cg ihohtglaüo –oa%oa―# wxh –oa h|}xmag oa }tgdgkg―# rhtj g|ratg g xog ~amg maiog# aixgcwxh }jmj hc exomj/ Ho xog |a}xglaüo g|å# hc herchj rxhmh }hoht eç| wxh ~ht ljo cg ngeacag mh jtaiho q

|x| thcglajoh|# wxh ljo cg| lgrglamgmh| q cj| ljojlaeaho}j| gclgo{gmj|/ Rhtj h|j |aioanalg ~jc~ht g cg

Hmgm Ehmag q g xog |a}xglaüo rth~ag g }jmg| cg| th~jcxlajoh| mh cg ejmhtoamgm/ Oj }jmg| cg| rht|jog|#

ljo j |ao njteglaüo q h|}xmaj|# rjmtço }tgdgkgt oj qg –mh cj |xqj―# |aoj ho ogmg/ Rhtj# ho}jolh|# mh wxá

~go g ~a~at… Ljo cj wxh ~jc~htågej| g h}grg| mh –fgedtxog| q hramheag|―# wxa{ç| oj ho hc |ho}amj

ca}htgc# rhtj |å ho }áteaoj| mh –honhtehmgm |jlagc― q mh|aixgcmgmh| exq glho}xgmg|/ Cg –|jcxlaüo― wxh

ho|gqgo cg| rht|jog| q cg| ngeacag| rg|g rjt xog njteglaüo ljo|}go}h# farhth|rhlagca{gmg q# g cg ~h{#

ma~ht|analgmg/ Rhtj h|}j |ücj rxhmh rcgo}hgt|h ljej –thehmaj― ho }áteaoj| aoma~amxgch|# oj ho

}áteaoj| |jlagch|/ Rjt cj wxh# aolcx|j |a xoj cjitg –|gc~gt|h― wxhmg cg rthixo}g mh wxá rg|g ljo cj|

mheç| q mh |a rjmthej| ~a~at kxo}j| ho |jlahmgmh| mh|aixgch| q hvlcxqho}h| q# rjt cj }go}j# ~ajcho}g|/ G

xoj ch ~ahoh cg aegiho mh cg| |jlahmgmh| –njt}gch{g―# ljo cj| hvlcxamj| nxhtg mh cg| –extgccg|―/ \a h|j

nxhtg g|å# h|}gthej| g|xeahomj xog |a}xglaüo mh ~ajcholag# rtaehtj ljo}tg cj| wxh |h wxhmgo nxhtg mh

xog ~amg maiog/ Q# |hixomj q ljej ljo|hlxholag# mh h|}j| ljo}tg cj| wxh fgqgo ljo|hixamj h|g|

ljomalajoh| mh ~amg maiog|/ H|j h| cj wxh xo rth|amho}h mhc Dgolj Exomagc ccgeü –cg djedg |jlagc―#

rjtwxh oj rxhmh |ht |j|}hoadch oa |awxahtg ehmago}h cg ~ajcholag q cg thrth|aüo/

Eaho}tg| }go}j# j}tg |a}xglaüo ~g mh|gttjccçomj|h q gm~at}aáomjoj| mh cj| tah|ij| mh h|g

–ma~ht|amgm |jlagc oj th|xhc}g―# h| mhlat# mhc gxeho}j mh cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc# cj| rtjlh|j| mh

herjdthlaeaho}j# cg egtiaoglaüo q cg hvlcx|aüo/ \h }tg}g mhc ntglg|j h|ljcgt q hc gdgomjojrtheg}xtj mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo/ Ntglg|j j gdgomjoj wxh oj |ücj rxhmh gnhl}gt –g cj| mh |aherth#

|aoj g lxgcwxahtg# aolcxamj| cj| fakj| mh cg| lcg|h| |jlagch| ljo hch~gmg| hvrhl}g}a~g| q

rth}ho|ajoh| h|ljcgth|# ho rgt}alxcgt# cj| }áloalj| q herchgmj| mh lxhccj dcgolj# cg ~ahkg rhwxh÷g

dxtixh|åg# cg lcg|h lgra}gca|}g q fg|}g# ho ehojt ehmamg# cg lcg|h rtjnh|ajogc%mathl}a~g― &Nhtogomh{

Hoixa}g# E/0 Ehog Egt}åoh{# C/# q Ta~ahth Iüeh{# K/# 4272; 7=!/ Cg egioa}xm q cg hv}ho|aüo mhc

ntglg|j q hc gdgomjoj h|ljcgt cj ljo~aht}h ho xo itg~h rtjdcheg# rht|jogc q |jlagc# rhtj cg

lcgtå|aeg ljtthcglaüo ho}th ntglg|j*gdgomjoj q lgtgl}htå|}alg| |jlajhljoüealg| mh cg| ngeacag| mh

jtaiho# h|}j h| mh cj| rgmth|# rhtea}atåg fgdcgt mh xog –ljomhog g cg hvlcx|aüo― rjt tg{üo mh

oglaeaho}j wxh |ücj rxhmh |ht ljtthiamg# ljej ~hthej| gc naogc# |a }jmj| cj| giho}h| aercalgmj| |h

herh÷go q |h h|nxht{go rjt aixgcgt cg| |a}xglajoh| q cg| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| qgcxeog|# ljo aomhrhomholag mh |x jtaiho |jlagc# mhc lgra}gc lxc}xtgc wxh fgo fhthmgmj# mh |x

choixg# oglajogcamgm j |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g/





/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<4/ / / / / / / / / /

ljeûo# ljo hcheho}j| golh|}tgch| ljexoh|/ Q# mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j mhejltç}alj q mh mhthlfj|

fxegoj|# rgthlh h~amho}h wxh fhej| mh |xrhtgtcj ljokxo}geho}h/

Cg| ma~ht|g| egoanh|}glajoh| mh cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoglaüo q rjmht mh xoj| ljchl}a~j| |jdthj}tj| |jo }go rtaea}a~g| ljej oxh|}tg ehejtag ljchl}a~g/ Cj| ej}a~j| fgo amj |xlhmaáomj|h g cj

cgtij mh cg fa|}jtag# rhtj hc ej}jt mh h|}h nxolajogeaho}j |h ego}ahoh/ Ljolth}geho}h# cg hlcj|aüo

mh cg thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo mhc fjedth |jdth cg exkht mg}g mhc Â eachoaj g/L/# ejeho}j ho wxh

grgthlho cj| rtaehtj| aomalaj| mhc ‖rg}tagtlgmj‑# ljo cg Hmgm mh cj| Eh}gch|# ljej xo ejmj mh

ljo}tjcgt q gl}xgt ho hc exomj wxh |xlhmh g cg htg eg}tagtlgc/

]jmj cj wxh mh|ltadaej| fjq ljej rg}tjoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm ho}th exkhth| q fjedth| fxomh |x|

tgålh| ho ác/ Q mh|mh ác |h hvrcalgo cg| maoçealg| eç| rj|}ejmhtog| wxh h|}gdchlho manhtholag|

holxdtahomj xog thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo# q oj mh manhtholag ljej }gc/ Hccj cch~g g wxh ho cg

gl}xgcamgm |h g}tadxqg ho oxehtj|g| jlg|ajoh| g cg manhtholag mh iáohtj cj wxh# |aercheho}h# |joohlh|amgmh| mh rjmht/ \h ljo|}txqh cg manhtholag |jdth cg mjeaoglaüo q# xog ~h{ ljo|}txamg# |h

ao}htajta{g fg|}g hc rxo}j mh wxh exlfg| exkhth| fgo lthåmj %q lthho fjq% wxh |jo aonhtajth| ho

lgrglamgmh|# maioamgm# mhthlfj| q jrjt}xoamgmh|/

Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh }gc thcglaüo mh rjmht |h gt}alxcg mh|mh cj| ma|}ao}j| rcgoj| mhc jtmho |jlagc#

aolcxqhomj; g! hc rcgoj |jlajlxc}xtgc &jtigoa{glaüo |jlagc# lj|}xedth|# ~gcjth|# chqh|!0 d! hc rcgoj

thcglajogc q ngeacagt &thrtjmxlahomj h|}g mjeaoglaüo g }tg~á| mh cg hvglhtdglaüo mh cg| manhtholag|

mh ihohtglaüo ho ihohtglaüo!# q0 l! hc rcgoj rht|jogc &mh|mh cg| gl}a}xmh| fglag hc j}tj# fg|}g cg

rtjrag amho}amgm# j hc ejmj ho wxh xog rht|jog |h ljo|amhtg g |å ea|eg ljej ‖dxhog‑ exkht j

‖dxho‑ fjedth!/

Gfjtg daho/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj wxh h| xog h~amholag wxh cg thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo fjedth%exkht h|

}tgo|lxc}xtgc# }gedaáo cj h| wxh oj ho }jmj| cj| egtlj| lxc}xtgch| |h fg mgmj cg ea|eg h~jcxlaüo

ho hwxamgm mh iáohtj/ Oa cj| ljo}hv}j|# oa cg| rj|adacamgmh|# oa cg| ohlh|amgmh|# oa cg|

jrjt}xoamgmh| fgo |amj cg| ea|eg|# rjt }go}j# }gerjlj fg |amj cj| ea|ej| cj| cjitj| gclgo{gmj|

ho cg| manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ Ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm gl}xgc ljhva|}ho q ljo~a~ho ma~ht|j| egtlj|

lxc}xtgch|/ Q# kxo}j ljo hccj|# ljo~a~ho manhtho}h| njteg| mh ljo|amhtgt cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/

Fgq xo rg}tüo aercåla}j wxh njteg rgt}h mh h|h ~h|}aiaj rth|ho}h ho lgmg lj|ej~a|aüo lxc}xtgc# wxh

h|}gdchlh cj wxh h| h|rhtgdch# cj ehkjt ~gcjtgmj |jlagceho}h ho lxgo}j g mhthlfj|# rj|adacamgmh| qegoanh|}glajoh| mh exkhth| q fjedth|/

Q ljej |jlahmgm rcxtgc# h| chiå}aej wxh hva|}go ma~ht|j| ejmj| mh ho}homht cg| thcglajoh| q cg|

njteg| mh ljerjt}geaho}j/ Gfjtg daho# hva|}h xog á}alg mh eåoaej| wxh ho }jmg |jlahmgm fg mh

th|rh}gt|h rgtg wxh cg ljo~a~holag q cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc |hg rj|adch &Ljt}aog# 711=!/ Ho oxh|}tj

lg|j# h| cg Mhlcgtglaüo mh cj| Mhthlfj| Fxegoj| hc egtlj á}alj mh eåoaej| wxh fg mh th|rh}gt|h

mh rgt}h mh }jmg cg laxmgmgoåg# rtjlhmg mh mjomh rtjlhmg q |hg lxgc |hg |x |a}xglaüo

gmeaoa|}tg}a~g/ Q rxhmh |ht ma|lx}adch hc ejmj ho wxh malfj egtlj h| xo rcgo}hgeaho}j wxh |ücj

thrth|ho}g g Jllamho}h q wxh mhdhtåg ho}tgt ho maçcjij ljo j}tg| |ho|adacamgmh| lxc}xtgch| ho |x|

njtexcglajoh| q rj|adacamgmh|/ Rhtj# mh ngl}j q mh ejeho}j# h| cj eç| ~gcaj|j ljo cj wxhljo}gej| ljej dg|h mh cg rtj}hllaüo mh lxgcwxaht rht|jog ho xo H|}gmj mhejltç}alj/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC <</ / / / / / / / /

Mh|mh h|}h egtlj kxtåmalj q á}alj# q ho cj ljolth}j# mh|mh hc mhthlfj mh cadht}gm h aixgcmgm &gt}/7

Mhlcgtglaüo Xoa~ht|gc!# h| mh|mh mjomh rjmhej| aoalagt hc maçcjij ao}htlxc}xtgc |jdth wxá

ma~ht|amgm mh njteg| mh thcglaüo fjedth%exkht |jo rj|adch| ho xog |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg h

aixgca}gtag/ \h mhmxlh mh }gc rcgo}hgeaho}j wxh |jo njteg| chiå}aeg| gwxhccg| wxh |h gljiho gcrtaolaraj xoa~ht|gc mh aixgcmgm mh mhthlfj| q jrjt}xoamgmh| ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|/ Q gwxhccg|

wxh |h hcaiho cadtheho}h/

Th|rhl}j g cg cadht}gm mh hchllaüo# h| ljerchkj rjmht mh}hteaogt fg|}g wxá rxo}j xog njteg mh

~amg j mh thcglaüo h| cadtheho}h hchiamg/ Ho cg| thcglajoh| fa|}ütalgeho}h h|}gdchlamg| ljej

mh|aixgch|# malfg mh|aixgcmgm |h ojtegca{g# rjt cj wxh# ho exlfj| lg|j|# cg| rht|jog| wxh ~a~ho

cg mh|aixgcmgm cg g|xeho ljej ‖ojtegc‑ j ‖rtjrag mh |x ljomalaüo‑/ H|}h ehlgoa|ej mh jrth|aüo

ao}htajta{gmg h|}ç rth|ho}h ho exlfj| ütmhoh| mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| |jlagch|# ho h|}h lg|j# |h mg

mh xo ejmj h|rhlagceho}h thch~go}h ho cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/ Lxgomj xog exkht g|xeh wxh#

rjt hc fhlfj mh |htcj# }ahoh ehoj| mhthlfj| x jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh xo fjedth# rjt hc fhlfj mh|htcj# h|}gej| go}h xo lg|j mh jrth|aüo ao}htajta{gmg/

H| h~amho}h wxh ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm hva|}ho eûc}arch| njteg| mh mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj/ Q h|

jd~aj wxh cg| rht|jog| wxh rtjlhmho mh j}tg| }tgmalajoh| lxc}xtgch| }gedaáo thrtjmxlho cj|

rg}tjoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj rtjrag| mh |x| cxigth| mh thnhtholag# gc ehoj|# ho xo rtaeht

ejeho}j/ Hccj njteg rgt}h mh h|}h ~h|}aiaj }tgo|lxc}xtgc ljeûo/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|# mh fhlfj#

mh|mh hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j# |h kx{ig ljej manhtholag ‖lxc}xtgc‑ cj wxh h| xog egoanh|}glaüo mh

ma|ltaeaoglaüo mh cg exkht/ H| mhlat# |h |jdth%x}aca{g cg g}tadxlaüo lxc}xtgc rgtg mh|ltadat cj wxh oj

~hej| ljej ‖glhr}gdch‑ ho }áteaoj| mh thcglajoh| mh iáohtj/ G|å# hvrth|ajoh| ljej ‖lxc}xtg

eglfa|}g‑ oj |htågo }áloalgeho}h ljtthl}g|# mgmj wxh hc gmkh}a~j ‖eglfa|}g‑ oj mh|ltadh g xog

lxc}xtg ljolth}g |aoj g cg dg|h ljeûo mh }jmg| hccg|/

Go}h cg| eûc}arch| egoanh|}glajoh| mh cg mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj ho cj| manhtho}h| egtlj| lxc}xtgch|

cg ehkjt th|rxh|}g rgthlh |ht hc }tgdgkj ljokxo}j rgtg mh|dgolgt mhnaoa}a~g q rtjith|a~geho}h xog

cgltg ljeûo# gwxhccg| njteg| mh thcglaüo wxh jrtaeho# ho manhtho}h| itgmj| h ao}ho|amgm# g xog|

rht|jog| th|rhl}j mh j}tg|# g cg egqjtåg mh cg| exkhth| |jdth cg egqjtåg mh cj| fjedth|/ \ao mxmg#

hc rtaeht rg|j rgtg rj|adaca}gt xog| thcglajoh| cadth| q hwxa}g}a~g| ho xog |jlahmgm h| cg }jeg mh

ljo|laholag mh wxh hccj h|}ç |xlhmahomj/

Rhtj# rgtg wxh hccj |hg rj|adch# g |x ~h{# h| ohlh|gtaj rgt}at mhc ~gcjt aoohigdch mh lgmg egtlj lxc}xtgc/

Lgmg lxc}xtg }ahoh xog| njt}gch{g| q xoj| cåea}h|# q thgca{g xog| grjt}glajoh| g cg |jlahmgm# mhc ea|ej

ejmj wxh mhdh th~a|gt# g cg cx{ mh cg| j}tg|# gwxhccg| }gthg| rhomaho}h| mh egqjt egioa}xm# rgtg

holjo}tgt hc ehkjt ejmj mh }tgo|njtegtcg|/ Mgmj wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm mh iáohtj h| xog thgcamgm wxh# |ao

|ht lxc}xtgc# h|}ç åo}aegeho}h caigmg g hccg# rgthlh lcgtj wxh xog mh cg| rtaolargch| }gthg| ljexoh| mh cg|

manhtho}h| lj|ej~a|ajoh| lxc}xtgch| rth|ho}h| ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# rg|g rjt hc maçcjij q cg ljo|hlxlaüo

mh xog| njteg| mh thcglaüo ho}th fjedth| q exkhth| eç| kx|}g| h aixgca}gtag|/

Cg hmxlglaüo |h }jtog# rgtg hccj# ho xog fhttgeaho}g nxomgeho}gc/ Hc ljo}hv}j hmxlg}a~j njtegc h

aonjtegc rxhmh ljo~ht}at|h ho xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj q maçcjij rgtg h|}g }jeg mh ljo|laholagrtjith|a~g# rgtg hc maçcjij# cg ohijlaglaüo# q hc }tgdgkj ljokxo}j ho rtj mh xog| thcglajoh| q xog

|jlahmgm eç| gteüoalg| q mhejltç}alg|/





/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC <8/ / / / / / / / /

|xrjoh goxcgt h|}g| manhtholag|=# |aoj thljojlhtcg| mh|mh cg ljercheho}gtahmgm q# mh|mh hccg|#

ljo|}txat ljomalajoh| hwxa}g}a~g|/ Hwxamgm# rjt }go}j# fgdcg mh aixgcmgm mh|mh cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| h

amaj|aoltg|ag| mh lgmg |ht# fjedth j exkht/ G|å# hmxlgt oj |ücj mhdh }tg}gt mh ho|h÷gt g thrtjmxlat

cj wxh qg |gdhej| mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q fhej| h|}gdchlamj ljej ‖dxhoj‑ j ‖egcj‑/ Hmxlgtmhdhtåg |ht |aoüoaej mh hvrcjtgt oxh~g| rj|adacamgmh| mhc |ht# exkht q fjedth# ljo hc fjta{jo}h mh

egvaea{gt oxh|}tj| rj}holagch| q ~a~at mh egohtg eç| åo}hitg q ljerch}g/

Cg hvrcjtglaüo mh oxh~g| rj|adacamgmh| mh |ht thwxahth njeho}gt oxh~g| amho}amgmh|; oxh~g|

amho}amgmh| mh iáohtj# lxc}xtgch|# thcaiaj|g|# laxmgmgog|… Q hccj aercalg }tgdgkgt ljo hc exomj

hejlajogc ho |x h|}gmj eç| rxtj/ \a daho cg| hejlajoh| dç|alg| |jo }tgo|lxc}xtgch|# h| mhlat#

hva|}ho hejlajoh| ljexoh| ho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg|# cg njteg| mh hvrth|gtcg| h|}ço ehmagmg| rjt hc

ljo}hv}j |jlajlxc}xtgc ho wxh |h mh|gttjccgo/ G|aea|ej# cg| hejlajoh| |hlxomgtag|# gwxhccg| wxh

ljo|}a}xqho itgo rgt}h mh oxh|}tj ejmj mh h|}gt ho hc exomj &~htióho{g# lxcrgdacamgm# |jtrth|g#

gejt j g~ht|aüo!/ Hc ejmj mh hvrth|gtcg| q mh amho}analgtoj| ljo hccg| mhrhomhtç# ljo exlfj# mhcljo}hv}j ho wxh lgmg rht|jog |h mh|gttjcch/

]tgmalajogceho}h |h fg ~aolxcgmj cg amho}amgm nhehoaog ljo xo ejmj mh fglht q mh |ht; |xea|aüo#

|ht~alaj q lxamgmj fgo |amj }th| rgcgdtg| lcg~h rgtg ljo|amhtgt |jlagceho}h ‖daho ~gcjtgmg‑ g xog

exkht/ Th|rhl}j gc fjedth# ‖h|}gt g cg gc}xtg‑# rjmht q gx}j|xnalaholag |jo cg| lcg~h| dç|alg| |jdth cg|

wxh |h g|aho}g |x amho}amgm/ Gedg| |jo ejcmhgmg| |jlagceho}h rjt rgtçeh}tj| ljo|jcamgmj|# ljej

qg |h fg |h÷gcgmj# ho hc rg}tagtlgmj/ Mh|mh h|}j| rcgo}hgeaho}j|# cg| hvrth|ajoh| hejlajogch| mh

lxcrgdacamgm# }ta|}h{g q }htoxtg |jo thnjt{gmg| q rhtea}amg| rgtg cg| exkhth|/ Eaho}tg| wxh cg hvrth|aüo

mh cg tgdag# cg lxcrgdaca{glaüo mhc j}tj q cg |xrhtajtamgm mh |å ea|ej |jo rg}tjoh| hejlajogch|

thnjt{gmj| rgtg cg egqjtåg mh cj| fjedth|/ Hccj ~g ejcmhgomj njteg| mh |ht# mh amho}analgt|h/ Q# ljo

hccj# |h ~g howxa|}gomj xo |a|}heg mh mh|aixgcmgm wxh |h rhtrh}ûg/ Cg ao}htajta{glaüo mh cg ljomalaüo

mh aonhtajtamgm# mh rgt}h mh xog|# kxo}j ljo cg ao}htajta{glaüo mh cg ljomalaüo mh |xrhtajtamgm# rjt rgt}h

mh j}tj|# nthogo %ho cg ea|eg mathllaüo% hc g~golh ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm/

Malfj g~golh rg|g# |ao mxmg# rjt }tgdgkgt xo ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo eç| ao}hitgc# wxh |a}ûh hc

exomj hejlajogc ljej xo racgt dç|alj# ljej cj h|# mh ngl}j# hc ljioa}a~j/ Cg hmxlglaüo

hvlcx|a~geho}h ljioa}a~g rgthlh fgdht cchigmj g |x }hlfj; oj h| ohlh|gtaj mgt mg}j| mh ntglg|j

h|ljcgt rgtg ljojlht hc ejmj ho wxh cg hmxlglaüo ego}hoamg mh|mh fglh málgmg| h aolcx|j |aicj|

mhkg mh mgt th|rxh|}g g cj| rtaolargch| th}j| mh oxh|}tj ejeho}j fa|}ütalj/ Cg hmxlglaüohejlajogc |h ljo~aht}h ho xo ao|}txeho}j rta~achiagmj rgtg mgt th|rxh|}g g gcixoj| mh cj|

rtaolargch| th}j| hmxlg}a~j| gl}xgch|; hc áva}j h|ljcgt q cg aixgcmgm/ Q h|}g aixgcmgm# ho hc ljo}hv}j

hmxlg}a~j h|ljcgt# rg|g# g |x ~h{# gc ehoj| rjt mj| maeho|ajoh|; g! cg aixgc ~gcjtglaüo q

ljo|amhtglaüo ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|# oa÷g| q oa÷j|# q d! cg aixgc ~gcjtglaüo q ljo|amhtglaüo ho}th

rht|jog| wxh rtjlhmho mh manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ G|å# áva}j h|ljcgt# ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q hwxamgm mh

iáohtj |h ljo~aht}ho ho }th| jdkh}a~j| nxomgeho}gch| mh cg oxh~g hmxlglaüo/ Oj rxhmh

= Ljej |h fg }homamj g fglht ho h|}g| ûc}aeg| málgmg| ho gcixoj| ljo}hv}j| ljej hc hxtjrhj/

Hccj rxhmh jd|ht~gt|h ho hc çeda}j cgdjtgc# mjomh cg| exkhth| fgo |amj |x}aceho}h eç| ~gcjtgmg|

ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h fgo ejcmhgmj g |å ea|eg| rgtg hkhtlht h|}acj| }tgmalajogceho}heg|lxcaoj| &mathl}a~j# gx}jta}gtaj# rthmjeaogo}heho}h tglajogc q h|lg|geho}h hejlajogc!/ J ho

cg ejmg# mjomh fg amj ljo|jcamçomj|h xo rg}tüo amhgc mh exkht lgmg ~h{ eç| gomtüiaoj/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<>/ / / / / / / / /

rth}homht|h ljo|hixat xog mh hccg| |ao cg| j}tg|# rxh|}j wxh |jo thgcamgmh| ao}htmhrhomaho}h|/ Eç|

gûo lxgomj rgthlh lcgtj wxh h|}gej| go}h xog lta|a|# }gedaáo# mh ~gcjth| |jlagch| q lxc}xtgch|/

–Cg lxc}xtg hejlajogc wxh lgtgl}hta{g oxh|}tg |jlahmgm gl}xgc exh|}tg |åo}jeg| mh lta|a|/Hc glj|j ejtgc q r|aljcüialj# hc |åomtjeh mhc rtjnh|jt wxhegmj# cg ~ajcholag ho}th

aixgch|… h}l/# |jo gcixog| mh |x| egoanh|}glajoh|/ Cg ~ajcholag mh iáohtj |h ~a|xgca{g g

}tg~á| mh gdtxegmjtg| h|}gmå|}alg| &…!/ Manhtho}h| ngl}jth| rgthlho h|}gt g|jlagmj|/ Xoj

mh hccj| h| hc lgedaj mh ~gcjth| lxc}xtgch|/ Cj| ~gcjth| rtjrxh|}j| rjt hc rg}tagtlgmj qg oj

|at~ho q |x lxh|}ajogeaho}j mh|mh ma|}ao}g| ao|}golag| h| fjq xog thgcamgm &…!/ Rjt j}tj

cgmj# cg| }tgo|njteglajoh| ho cg h|}txl}xtg |jlagc# wxh gnhl}g rgt}alxcgteho}h g

ao|}a}xlajoh| ljej cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg# rcgo}hgo cg ohlh|amgm oxh~j| ~gcjth| lxc}xtgch|

mh cj| lxgch| cj| ejmhcj| mh eg|lxcaoamgm q nheaoamgm |jo |ücj xo hkhercj― &Thdjccj

422>; 476!/

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// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/<6/ / / / / / / / /

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// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=2/ / / / / / / / /

Hc choixgkh mh cj| dgtüeh}tj| mhc LA\ thnchkg xo laht}j itgmj mh ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g/ Q g cg ~h{

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7/ Lta|}agoj|;

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&AHTH!

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9

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// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=4/ / / / / / / / /

Ljo|}a}xlaüo mh 7196 |xrjoh xo rg|j gmhcgo}h ho cg ih|}glaüo mh xo táiaeho nxomgmj ho cg

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H|rg÷g|/

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lg}ücalg lxgomj |h mh|ljerjoh hc Aerhtaj Tjegoj q |h njteg xog ejogtwxåg ~a|aiü}alg ho

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|jlahmgm h|rg÷jcg/ Ho |x eatgmg |jdth cg }tgo|alaüo ho}th hc dgkj Aerhtaj Tjegoj q cg ejogtwxåg

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mh ngc|j| ljo~ht|j| q fhthkh|/ Rg|g rjt gc}j cg| egqjth| ljo}tadxlajoh| ca}htgtag| mh eå|}alj| q

}hücjij|# }gedaáo ho }htthoj| ljej hc Mhthlfj ao}htoglajogc/ \gcxmg cg Acx|}tglaüo# hc cadhtgca|ej#

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rtj}h|}go}a|ej# cg eg|johtåg… ljej gc}htog}a~g| rjcå}alj%lxc}xtgc g cg amho}amgm lg}ücalg/ Grcgxmh

hc ljedg}h cadhtgc q thrxdcalgoj ljo}tg hc rh|j mh cg| ljoithiglajoh| thcaiaj|g|# h|rhlagceho}h ho

cg hmxlglaüo/ Q ch~go}g |x ~j{ rgtg wxh hc H|}gmj mhoxolah cj| glxhtmj| nategmj| ljo cg \go}g\hmh# ho thrth|ho}glaüo mh cg Aich|ag Lg}ücalg# q rgtg wxh cg| egoanh|}glajoh| thcaiaj|g| oj }hoigo

lgdamg ho cg h|nhtg rûdcalg/









// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/=>/ / / / / / / / /

%% LHR\ &7118!/ Cg Aich|ag q cj| rjdth|/ Egmtam/ Ljonhtholag Hra|ljrgc H|rg÷jcg/

%% Ljoacc# Kh|û| &4224!/ Icj|gtaj rgtg xog |jlahmgm ao}htlxc}xtgc / gcholag/ Dgolgkg/

%% Ljt}aog# Gmhcg &711=!/ Á}alg eåoaeg/ Ao}tjmxllaüo g cg nacj|jnåg rtçl}alg/ Egmtam; Gogqg/

%% HMA\ &7118!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho cg Ljexoamgm gcholagog/ Egmtam/Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% HMA\ q j}tj| &7116!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth ho H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/

Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% HMA\ q j}tj| &7111!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cg rjdcglaüo rjdth mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g

}htta}jtagc/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Nhtogomh{ Hoixa}g# E/0 Ehog Egt}åoh{# C/# q Ta~ahth Iüeh{# K/ &4272!/ Ntglg|j q gdgomjoj h|ljcgt

ho H|rg÷g# Ljchllaüo mh H|}xmaj| \jlagch|# o» 41/ Dgtlhcjog; Nxomglaüo Cg Lgavg/ Rçi/ 7=/

%% Nhttgmg# Mjog}acg q Nchlfg# Tgeüo &4226!/ Hc ejmhcj magcüialj mh cg rhmgijiåg; xo grjt}h mh|mh

cg| hvrhtaholag| mh ljexoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh/ Ho; H|}xmaj| Rhmgiüialj|# 7; =7%>7/

Ma|rjoadch ho f}}r;**yyy/|lahcj/lc*rmn*h|}rhm*~<=o7*gt}2</rmn%% Igtlåg Cürh{# Tgnghcg &422<!/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej th|rxh|}g; rtaolaraj|# jdkh}a~j| q

rtjrxh|}g| mh nx}xtj/ Ho; \gch|# Gxvacagmjtg q Igtlåg Cürh{# Tgnghcg/ Rtjitgeg| mh hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc/ R =4%></ Dacdgj/ Mh|lcáh mh Dtjxyht/

%% Ixomgtg# Kgima|f \/ &711<!/ Ma~ht|amgm |jlagc# hmxlglaüo h ao}hitglaüo hxtjrhg/ Ho Th~a|}g mh

Hmxlglaüo# <24/

%% A{wxahtmj# Go}joaj &4221!/ Hc ejmhcj mh aoeaitglaüo q cj| tah|ij| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Egmtam/

Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Kgta{# Ihteço &4272!/ Gl}xgt go}h cg hvlcx|aüo; goçca|a|# rjcå}alg| q fhttgeaho}g| rgtg cg aolcx|aüo

|jlagc / Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &4226!/ Rtjlh|j| mh hvlcx|aüo h a}aohtgtaj| mh ao|htlaüo/

Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &Ljjtm|/! &4226!/ Hvlcx|aüo |jlagc ho H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/

Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Cgrgttg# Eaixhc# q Ráth{# Dhij÷g &4272!/ Hc rtaeht aergl}j mh cg lta|a| ho cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc ho

H|rg÷g/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% Ch^jq# Ealfhch# q ^htdtxiiho# Ohch &4228!/ Mah{ egohtg| mh rtj}hiht g cj| }tgdgkgmjth|

aoeaitgo}h| ho |a}xglaüo atthixcgt / Dtx|hcg|/ RALXE/

%% Egmtxig# A|gdhc# q Ej}g# Tj|gcåg &7111!/ Cg| ljomalajoh| mh ~amg mh cj| fjigth| rjdth|

holgdh{gmj| rjt xog exkht/Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/%% Egtmjoh|# Kj|á Egtåg &7119!/ Mh|gnåj| rgtg thlthgt cg h|lxhcg/ Egmtam/ RRL/

%% Ehchtj gcmá|# Cxa|g &ljjtm/! &4272!/ Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo

r|alj|jlagc ljo rht|jog| eaitgo}h|/ gcholag/ LhaEaitg/

%% Rgcglaj| Iac# Kxgo &4228!/ Hc ltxlaitgeg/ Th}j| h amhg| rgtg mh|grthomht g rho|gt / Egmtam/

Hmalajoh| Måg{ mh \go}j|/

%% Thdjccj# E« Çoihch| &422>!/ Hejlajoh|# iáohtj h amho}amgm; cg hmxlglaüo |ho}aeho}gc/ Ho; Thdjccj#

E« Çoihch| &ljjtm/!/ Iáohtj h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; Hmxlgt rgtg cg aixgcmgm/ Egmtam/ Cg Extgccg/

%% Thdjccj# E« Çoihch|# q Igtlåg Ráth{# Tgnghc &4277# Egqj%Gij|}j!/ Magioü|}alj mh cg lxc}xtg mh

iáohtj ho hmxlglaüo; cg| gl}a}xmh| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj fglag cg aixgcmgm/ Ho; Th~a|}g mh Hmxlglaüo#

<88/ R 847%8=>/%% Thoh|# ål}jt &7117!/ Cxlfgt ljo}tg cg rjdth{g fjq / Egmtam/ FJGL/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC =9/ / / / / / / / /

%% \çolfh{ mh Fjtlgkj# Kxgo Kj|á &7117!/ H|lxhcg# |a|}heg q |jlahmgm/ Ao~a}glaüo g cg |jlajcjiåg mh

cg hmxlglaüo/ Egmtam/ Cadht}gtag|%Rtjmfxna/

%% ]jt}j|g# Kj|á Egtåg &Ljjtm/! &4224!/ Exkhth| rjdth|/ Aomalgmjth| mh herjdthlaeaho}j ho cg

H|rg÷g mh fjq/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/%% âmgc# Nhtogomj &4221!/ Rgo q tj|g|/ Nxomgeho}j| mh hvlcx|aüo |jlagc q herjmhtgeaho}j/

Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% âmgc# Nhtogomj# q Egt}åoh{# Kxcaj &422>!/ Thcaiaüo h ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|/ Cg

rtxhdg mhc çoihc / gcholag/ Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/

%% âmgc# Nhtogomj# q Thoh|# ^ål}jt &4229!/ Cg gihomg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo ho hvlcx|aüo q mh|gttjccj

|jlagc/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

%% accgcüo# Kxgo Kj|á &4229!/ Amho}amgmh| |jlagch| q hvlcx|aüo/ Egmtam/ Nxomglaüo NJH\\G/

GRTHOG \HTAIXGCH








4%% Rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh rgt}amg

Rgtg rcgo}hgt gmhlxgmgeho}h hc mhdg}h ho }jtoj gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# q rgtg g~go{gt ho hc

rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc# h| gd|jcx}geho}h ohlh|gtaj ma|}aoixat ljo lcgtamgm mj| rcgoj| hothcglaüo ljo cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc q ljo |x }tg}geaho}j ho cg |jlahmgm ho ihohtgc q ho cg

h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt/ H|}j| mj| rcgoj| |jo# rjt xo cgmj# hc rcgoj mh cg thgcamgm |jlagc }gc lxgc h|#

wxh h| cj ea|ej wxh mhlat }gc q lxgc cg amho}analgej|# ojedtgej| h ao}htrth}gej| ljo xog| x j}tg|

lg}hijtåg| mh mh|ltarlaüo q goçca|a|# q rjt j}tj cgmj# hc rcgoj mh cj wxh mhdh j mhdhtåg |ht h|g

thgcamgm# g kxalaj mh xoj| j mh j}tj|# mh|mh xog x j}tg rj|alaüo amhjcüialg# rjcå}alg j á}alg/ \h }tg}g

mh ma|}aoixat hc rcgoj –mh cj| fhlfj|― j mh cj| rtjlh|j| q |a}xglajoh| thgch| q hc rcgoj ojteg}a~j q

mh cg| rtjrxh|}g|/

Ho hnhl}j# xog lj|g h| wxh ho xo mh}hteaogmj rgå|# j ho xog h|lxhcg# cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc }hoig

xog mh}hteaogmg rth|holag# ao}ho|amgm q ejmj| mh hvrth|aüo# q wxh cg| thcglajoh| ho}th cj| |xkh}j|ho nxolaüo mh |x| amho}amgmh| q lxc}xtg| |hgo xog| x j}tg| &ljo ljoncal}j egoanah|}j# cg}ho}h j

gedj|0 ljo egqjt j ehojt thcglaüo mh mjeaoglaüo q |xdjtmaoglaüo0 ljo gl}a}xmh| q

ljerjt}geaho}j| tgla|}g| j oj# h}l/! q j}tg lj|g h| wxh lgmg lxgc &gx}jtamgmh|# rgt}amj| rjcå}alj|#

cåmhth| |jlagch|# itxrj| mh jraoaüo# rtjnh|ajogch|# h}l! ljo|amhth wxh h| cj ehkjt ho lxgo}j g lüej

gdjtmgt q }tg}gt cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc/ Cj wxh h|}jq |xiatahomj h| cg ohlh|amgm mh ma|}aoixat

ho}th cg thgcamgm |jlagc q rjcå}alg mh cg| thcglajoh| mh fhlfj q cg| ljolhrlajoh| amhjcüialg| q

rtjrxh|}g| gvajcüialg| j á}alg| mh lüej mhdhtågo |ht cg| lj|g|/

Cg rtjrxh|}g mh lcgtanalglaüo wxh ~gej| g fglht |h dg|g# ho |hixomj cxigt# ho cg amho}analglaüo j

ljolhrlaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej mj| ejmgcamgmh| mho}tj mhc

rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh }tg| xog| rtaehtg| málgmg| ho wxh cg rtjrxh|}g

|jlajlxc}xtgc rcxtgca|}g mh cj| g÷j| |h|ho}g |h ljolth}ü ho hcgdjtglajoh| q rjcå}alg|

exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# mh|mh naogch| mh cj| jlfho}g fgo ~hoamj }jegomj nxht{g cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j|

ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g| ho lgerj| }go ma~ht|j| ljej cg hmxlglaüo# ehmaglaüo# ljexoalglaüo# }tgdgkj

|jlagc# nacj|jnåg# h}l/ Falaej| xog rtaehtg hvrj|alaüo mh h|}g amhg ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{ &7119!/

Rhtj oj |aherth |h ~h g|å/ hgej| dth~heho}h }th| egohtg| manhtho}h| mh ljo|amhtgt hc g|xo}j/

Xog rtaehtg h| ~ht hc rcxtgca|ej ljej xog lg}hijtåg ihohtgc mh cg |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg

&rcxtgca|ej |jlagc# rjcå}alj# kxtåmalj# h}l/! q hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej xo ljerjoho}h ohlh|gtaj qrjt cj }go}j ljercheho}gtaj/ Rgtg j}tj| hc gx}áo}alj exc}alxc}xtgca|ej j hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej daho

ho}homamj &oj hc manhtholagca|}g# rjt hkhercj! h| rtçl}algeho}h cj ea|ej wxh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

J}tg rj|alaüo tgmalgceho}h ma|}ao}g h| cg mh \gt}jta wxaáo ho |x cadtj cg \jlahmgm exc}aá}oalg

|j|}ahoh wxh hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h|# oa eç| oa ehoj|# cj jrxh|}j g cg |jlahmgm rcxtgca|}g; –Ho h|}h

cadtj ~jq g ego}hoht wxh h|g ljercheho}gtahmgm &ho}th rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej! h| ngc|g q

wxh rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej |jo ljolhrlajoh| go}a}á}alg| wxh oahigo cg xog g cg j}tg― &4222#

rçi|/ 9%6!/ H|g amhg lho}tgc mhc go}gijoa|ej ho}th rcxtgca|ej q exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# ~ht}hdtg aolcx|j

cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc ho|gqj rxh| \gt}jta ljo}tgrjoh hc –Rcxtgca|ej q |jlahmgm cadth― ljo hc

–Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg |jlahmgm mh|ehedtgmg―# }å}xcj| th|rhl}a~j| mh cg rtaehtg q |hixomg rgt}h

mh |x ho|gqj G|å rxh|# q go}h }jmj# hc }hv}j mh \gt}jta h| xog ltå}alg ntjo}gc mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ejlho}tgmg ho wxh á|}h –gttxaog cg ljexoamgm rcxtgca|}g―/ \h }tg}g mh xog jdtg wxh g}glg hc

exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej mhnho|g mhc rcxtgca|ej j wxh# rgtg mhnhomht hc rcxtgca|ej# g}glg hc




exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ Ho cg| ljolcx|ajoh| theglfg h|g }h|a|; –hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej oj h| % ljej fh

|xdtgqgmj ho exlfg jlg|ajoh|% xog ljo}aoxglaüo j hv}ho|aüo mhc rcxtgca|ej |aoj wxh h| xog

ao~ht|aüo# xo ~xhclj wxh cj oahig― &åmhe# rçi/ 74<%74=!/ Ho h|}g cåohg# rhtj mh njteg exlfj eç|

|aerca|}g# hwxå~jlg q ehoj| nxomgeho}gmg# G{xtehoma &4224! fg |j|}hoamj wxh hcexc}alxc}xtgca|ej h| –xog igoithog mh cg |jlahmgm mhejltç}alg―# |ahomj cj jrxh|}j g cg

ao}hitglaüo/

\ao hedgtij# q ho cg ao}htrth}glaüo wxh rtjrjoij# }tg| gogca{gt xog ljo|amhtgdch lgo}amgm mh

}hv}j| |jdth hc }heg g|å ljej h|lta}j| |jdth rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| th|rhl}j g cg ma~ht|amgm ho

manhtho}h| ljo}hv}j| ihjrjcå}alj|# rxhmh ~ht|h wxh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc h|}ç |xtiahomj

dç|algeho}h }tg| cg ljo|}g}glaüo mh cj| cåea}h|# ntglg|j| q httjth| ho hc lgerj mhc

exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# cj lxgc oj mhdh jlxc}gt cj| eáta}j| q grjt}glajoh| mh cg rht|rhl}a~g

exc}alxc}xtgca|}g &~ág|h |jdth h|}j# rjt hkhercj# Iaeáoh{# 4224!/ Rjt hccj# q rjtwxh gedj|

rcgo}hgeaho}j| }ahoho ho ljeûo cj| racgth| mhc hmanalaj rtjrxh|}j mh|mh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtg&~gcjtglaüo rj|a}a~g mh cg ma~ht|amgm# lta}alg mh cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh rátmamg j th|}g lxc}xtgc# aixgcmgm q

oj ma|ltaeaoglaüo rjt tg{joh| mh manhtholaglaüo h}ojlxc}xtgc mh cg| rht|jog|# th|rh}j gc manhtho}h#

h}l/! h| rjt cj wxh ljo|amhtgej| eç| gkx|}gmj “ q lcgtanalgmjt% ~ht hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej ljolthlajoh| |xlh|a~g| mhc rgtgmaieg rcxtgca|}g/

Kxo}hej| gfjtg cj| mj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg go}htajth|# j |hg; g! cg ohlh|amgm mh ma|}aoixat hc rcgoj

nçl}alj mhc ojteg}a~j q d! cg x}acamgm mh ljo}hercgt exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej

~ht|ajoh|# áong|a| j ejmgcamgmh| mho}tj mh xog ea|eg amhg# cg rcxtgca|}g lxc}xtgc/ Rxh| daho# h| nçlac

jd|ht~gt lüej ho cg| mj| ejmgcamgmh| j hvrth|ajoh| fa|}ütalg| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| rthla|j

}hoht ho lxho}g cg manhtholaglaüo go}htajt mh h|j| rcgoj|/ G|å# ho hc mhdg}h |jdth hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej

|h ljonxomh/ Ljo mheg|agmg nthlxholag cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mh fhlfj hva|}ho}h ljo hc }tg}geaho}j

wxh mhdhtåg }hoht/ Lxgomj |h malh# rjt hkhercj# wxh xog h|lxhcg h| –exc}alxc}xtgc― |h rxhmh h|}gt

malahomj wxh ho h|h lho}tj h|ljcgt h|}ço h|ljcgta{gmj| h|rg÷jch| q hv}tgokhtj|# gx}ül}joj| h

aoeaitgo}h|# ia}goj| q oj ia}goj| &rgqj|!/ \h h|}ç aomalgomj ljo hccj wxh h| thch~go}h cg rth|holag mh

eaojtåg| á}oalg|# wxh fgq xog ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc oj}gdch# h}l/ Rhtj |h rxhmh h|}gt malahomj “ q g|å

jlxtth ho rga|h| ljej Aoicg}httg mh gercag grcalglaüo mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej “ wxh h|h lho}tj h|ljcgt

th|rjomh g cg| ojteg}a~g| q jtaho}glajoh| exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# }tg}gomj mh |xrhtgt cj| lxttalxcxe|

jlxc}j| q h}ojláo}talj|# jtigoa{gomj cg h|lxhcg rgtg wxh |h ~hgo thnchkgmg| cg| ma|}ao}g| hvrth|ajoh|

lxc}xtgch|# ljo}tg}gomj g rtjnh|jth| dacaoióh| q dalxc}xtgch|# h}l/

Ho mhnaoa}a~g# q }gc q ljej }tg}gej| mh ej|}tgt ho hc H|wxheg 7# h| rthla|j ma|}aoixat hc |ho}amj

nçl}alj mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej &|ahomj ho h|}h |ho}amj eç| grtjragmj fgdcgt mh exc}alxc}xtgcamgm j

ehkjt mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# á}oalg# caoióå|}alg# thcaiaj|g# h}l/# |ao eç|! q |x |ho}amj ojteg}a~j &ho hc

wxh qg h|}gej| fgdcgomj rtjrageho}h mh exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ljej rtgva| wxh rgt}h mhc

thljojlaeaho}j gl}a~j# |jlagc h ao|}a}xlajogc mh cg manhtholag q wxh nxomgeho}g# g rgt}at mh hccj#

mh}hteaogmj| ejmhcj| mh rjcå}alg rûdcalg# mh |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# h}l/!74

74 \jdth cg manhtholaglaüo mh cj| rcgoj| mh ngl}j q mh axth ho hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej rxhmh ~ht|h

Cgej mh H|raoj|g# 7118/




H\WXHEG 7

Rcxtgca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm Rtjrxh|}g }hteaojcüialg q ljolhr}xgc

Rcgoj Nçl}alj EXC]ALXC]XTGCAMGM AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGM

j mh cj| Fhlfj| 5 ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# 5 thcglajoh| ao}htá}oalg|#

CJ WXH H\ caoióå|}alg# thcaiaj|g/// ao}htcaoióå|}alg|#

ao}htthcaiaj|g|///

Rcgoj Ojteg}a~j EXC]ALXC]XTGCA\EJ AO]HTLXC]XTGCA\EJ

j mh cg| Rtjrxh|}g| Thljojlaeaho}j mh cg manhtholag Ljo~a~holag ho cg ma~ht|amgm

|jlajrjcå}alg| q á}alg| 7/% Rtaolaraj mh Aixgcmgm 7/% Rtaolaraj mh Aixgcmgm

CJ WXH MHDHTÅG \HT 4/% Rtaolaraj mh Manhtholag 4/% Rtaolaraj mh Manhtholag

</% Rtaolaraj mh Ao}htgllaüo

Rj|a}a~g

Ejmgcamgm 7 Ejmgcamgm 4

RCXTGCA\EJ LXC]XTGC

Hcgdjtglaüo; Lgtcj| Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj

Cj ea|ej |xlhmh ho hc lgerj |heço}alj mh cj ao}htlxc}xtgc # j gc ehoj| h|g h| cg rtjrxh|}g

}hteaojcüialg q }gvjoüealg wxh fgij/ Ho hnhl}j# xog lj|g h| thnhtat|h# mh|ltadat j gogca{gt cg|

thcglajoh| wxh |h mgo mh fhlfj# lj}amagogeho}h# ho}th rht|jog| q itxrj| manhtholagmj|

lxc}xtgceho}h &thcglajoh| ho}th oj ia}goj| q ia}goj|# ho}th gx}ül}joj| h aoeaitgo}h|# ho}th

aoeaitgo}h| mh ma|}ao}g| oglajogcamgmh|# ho}th |xditxrj| q |xdlxc}xtg| mho}tj mh xo ea|eg

dgigkh# amho}amgm q rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc mh thnhtholag! q j}tg egoanh|}gt|h mh xog x j}tg njteg

|jdth lxçch| thcglajoh| mhdhtåg fgdht; |a mh aixgcmgm j oj# |a mh gx}jojeåg j oj# h}l/ Rgtg hc rtaeht

|ho}amj# |htåg rj|adcheho}h eç| lcgtanalgmjt fgdcgt mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm j ehkjt gûo mh thcglajoh|

ao}htlxc}xtgch|# ao}htá}oalg|# ao}htthcaiaj|g| j ao}htcaoióå|}alg|/ Rgtg hc |hixomj |ho}amj# cj |xqj |htåg

fgdcgt mh ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho lxgo}j g rj|alaüo j rtjrxh|}g mh lüej mhdho |ht h|g| thcglajoh|#

ho lxgo}j g xog mh}hteaogmg rtgva| |jdth hc }tg}geaho}j q ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Ljo|amhthej| gfjtg rjt rgt}h| q ljo laht}j mh}gcch cj wxh hc H|wxheg 7 thnchkg/ Ljeho{gthej| rjtgfjomgt cj wxh |aioanalg hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc &|x| }h|a| q rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh njomj! rgtg# ho xo

|hixomj rg|j# ma|}aoixat ho}th exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej j rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc/






thlaho}heho}h# hc Rtheaj Ojdhc mh Hljojeåg Gegt}qg \ho &7111! |h fg thnhtamj g cg cadht}gm

lxc}xtgc # j}tg njteg mh ljolhdat cg ea|eg amhg mh wxh }hohej| mhthlfj g hvrth|gt# ~a~at# egoanh|}gt#

}tgo|ea}at# oxh|}tg njteg mh |ht# |ho}at q rho|gt rgx}gmg| rjt oxh|}tg fhtholag# amho}amgm q

rht}hoholag lxc}xtgc# á}oalg# thcaiaj|g# j caoióå|}alg/

Rjmtågej| |hixat mh|gttjccgomj eûc}arch| g|rhl}j| mh nxomgeho}glaüo q rtjrxh|}g mhc rcxtgca|ej

lxc}xtgc# rhtj oj h| h|g cg rth}ho|aüo mh h|}g dth~h ao}tjmxllaüo/ ºLüej |ao}h}a{gt cj| rtaolaraj|

lcg~h| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc: Grtj~hlfgomj gcixog| mhlcgtglajoh| ao|}a}xlajogch|# njtexcglajoh|

mh rjcå}alg rûdcalg q h|cüigoh| j cheg| mh lgerg÷g| mh |ho|adaca{glaüo rj|a}a~g cch~gmg| g lgdj

mh|mh ej~aeaho}j| |jlagch| go}attgla|}g|# fh aomalgmj ho j}tj| }hv}j| &~ág|h# |jdth }jmj#

Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222! wxh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho mj| rtaolaraj|; 7! hc rtaolaraj mh

aixgcmgm j mh oj ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho nxolaüo mh cg tg{g# lxc}xtg# h}oag# thcaiaüo# choixg# oglajogcamgm#

jtaiho thiajogc# h}l/0 q 4! hc rtaolaraj mh manhtholagj th|rh}j q glhr}glaüo mhc J}tj/

Malfj mh j}tg egohtg# cj wxh hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc rj|}xcg h| xog |jlahmgm# ljexoamgm# h|lxhcg q

ho ihohtgc |jlahmgm ao}htoglajogc ho cg lxgc cg| rht|jog| |jo aixgch| ho mhthlfj|# jdcaiglajoh| q

jrjt}xoamgmh|# gc }aherj wxh |jo th|rh}gmg| ho |x ma|}ao}a~amgm lxc}xtgc# caoióå|}alg q thcaiaj|g/

]gerjlj h| á|}h hc cxigt rgtg gogca{gt q mh|ehox{gt }jmj cj wxh ljocch~g lgmg xoj mh h|}j| mj|

rj|}xcgmj| &rgtg xog rtjnxoma{glaüo ho h|}j| }heg| rxhmh ~ht|h# ho}th j}tg| grjt}glajoh|#

Dcgolj# 71120 Cxlg|# 711= g0 Ljea|aüo Exomagc mh Lxc}xtg q Mh|gttjccj# 71190 Djc{ego# 71110

Ejthoj# 71110 \}g~hofgiho# 71110 ]xdaoj# 4224!/

Hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| xog rtjrxh|}g mh aolcx|aüo q rjt cj }go}j |h jrjoh q |h rth|ho}g ljej

gc}htog}a~g g cj| |a|}heg|# rtçl}alg| q njtexcglajoh| wxh ho j}tj| cxigth| &Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222! fh

hoicjdgmj dgkj ejmhcj| mh hvlcx|aüo ho thcglaüo ljo cg ih|}aüo |jlajrjcå}alg mh cg ma~ht|amgm

lxc}xtgc/ Hc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc h| xog rtjrxh|}g ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo/ Ho hc H|wxheg 4 fh lcg|analgmj

hc gdgoalj mh|gnjt}xogmgeho}h gercå|aej mh cj| |a|}heg| hvlcxqho}h| “ tgla|ej# vhojnjdag#

grgt}fham# caerah{g á}oalg# h}l% }jegomj ljej lta}htaj rtaolargc cj wxh ho cg rtçl}alg fglho ljo hc

J}tj; ma|ltaeaogtcj# |hithigtcj j hcaeaogtcj# goj}gomj ho hc lxgmtj cg| |xdlcg|analglajoh| ho lgmg

xog mh h|g| rtçl}alg| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Rjt |xrxh|}j# wxh h|}j| ehlgoa|ej| |h th}tjgcaeho}go q

|jcgrgo# rhtj lgmg xoj }ahoh |x cüialg q h|}tg}hiag rtjrag|/

Cj wxh gwxå oj| ao}hth|g |h÷gcgt h| wxh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj hmxlg}a~j thwxahthgo}h }jmj cg |xrhtglaüo mh cg| njteg| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Rxhmh rgthlht jd~aj# rhtj oj ao|a|}athej| |xnalaho}h

wxh cg ehkjt egohtg mh }tgdgkgt hmxlg}a~geho}h rjt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# gc }aherj wxh xo thwxa|a}j

rth~aj# h| ljedg}at q |xrhtgt cg hvlcx|aüo/ Malfj mh j}tg njteg# h| xo ljo}tg|ho}amj }tg}gt mh g~go{gt ho

cg cåohg ao}htlxc}xtgc ho xo mh}hteaogmj lho}tj |ao xo h|nxht{j mhlamamj mh cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt rjt# q

xog hnalglag rtçl}alg ho# cg cxlfg ljo}tg cj| ehlgoa|ej| mh hvlcx|aüo/ Ljolth}hej| }jmj hccj ljo

th|rhl}j g cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh gcxeogmj mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj g cg| h|lxhcg|; hc ehkjt rg|j ho xo

fjta{jo}h mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm h| h~a}gt j |xrhtgt; g! cg mh|aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh |xntho cj| fakj|

mh aoeaitgo}h| &rjt manalxc}gmh| mh gcjkgeaho}j# rthlgtahmgm kxtåmalg# ngc}g mh thm ngeacagt# h}l/!0 d! cg

ma|}tadxlaüo mh|aixgc mhc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho lho}tj| rûdcalj| j rta~gmj| ljolht}gmj| &mgomj jtaiho

g |a}xglajoh| mh ixh}a{glaüo h|ljcgt!0 l! cg| h|}tg}hiag| hljoüealg| j lxc}xtgch| rgtg ma|xgmat |xrth|holag0 q m! cj| hvlh|j| wxh rxhmho mgt|h ho lxgo}j g |hrgtgt nå|algeho}h g cj| j}tj| ho gxcg|

h|rhlagch|# h}l/




H\WXHEG 4

Fglag xog }arjcjiåg mh Ejmhcj| \jlajrjcå}alj| go}h cg Ma~ht|amgm Lxc}xtgc

]tg}gomj mh |xrhtgt hc rtaeht h|lgcüo mh cg h|lxhcg hvlcxqho}h# ~gqgej| g xo |hixomj h|lgcüo/

Oj fglh ngc}g |ücj |ht hnalg{ ho cg |xrhtglaüo mh cg| eûc}arch| q g ~hlh| |x}ach| njteg| mh hvlcx|aüo;h| rthla|j }gedaáo |gdht |xrhtgt cj| |xrxh|}j| ejmhcj| mh aolcx|aüo# ljej hc g|aeacglajoa|ej#

wxh ho cg rtçl}alg th|xc}go ohigmjth| mh cg amho}amgm mhc j}tj q mhc mhthlfj g cg manhtholag/ Ho j}tj

cxigt fh }tg}gmj mh ej|}tgt lüej cg |xrhtglaüo mhc g|aeacglajoa|ej h| gcij wxh rgthlh nçlac rhtj

oj cj h| ho gd|jcx}j# mgmg|; 7! cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoaj ho hc rcgoj ao}htá}oalj# wxhtahomj cg rgt}h

mjeaogo}h wxh cg mjeaogmg |h gejcmh# 4! cg nxht{g q nthlxholag mh cg| gl}a}xmh| h}ojláo}talg|

&rjmtågej| mhlat wxh hxtjláo}talg| q jllamho}gcjláo}talg|!# <! cg| ljolhrlajoh| xoacaohgch| q

|aerca|}g| mhc lgedaj |jlagc q mhc mh|gttjccj mh cg| |jlahmgmh| “}go hv}homamg| ho cj| ehmaj| mh

jraoaüo q ho hc ma|lxt|j rûdcalj# h}l/7</

HVLCX\AÜO

Tgla|ej# Vhojnjdag#

Go}a|hea}a|ej# Grgt}fham#

Fjcjlgx|}j# h}l/

AOLCX\AÜO Grgtho}h

Thgc

Ma|ltaeaoglaüo mhc J}tj

&}tg}j mh|aixgc!

\hithiglaüo mhc J}tj

Hcaeaoglaüo mhc J}tj

Fjejihoha{glaüo

Glhr}glaüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm

lxc}xtgc ljej rj|a}a~g

Chigc

\jlagc

H|rglagc

Ao|}a}xlajogc

Lxc}xtgc

Nå|alg

G|aeacglaüo

Nx|aüo lxc}xtgc

Rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc

Chqh| ma|ltaeaog}jtag|

Rtçl}alg| ma|ltaeaog}jtag|

Ixh}j| th|amholagch|

Ixh}a{glaüo h|ljcgt

Ixh}a{glaüo |goa}gtag

H}ojlamaj

Nxomgeho}gca|ej lxc}xtgc

Ihojlamaj

Caerah{g á}oalg

Goicala{glaüo

Gtgda{glaüo

Cg}aoa{glaüo

Ehc}aoi Rj}

Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej

Ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej

7< Fh gdjtmgmj cj| jtåihoh| q mhdg}h| ho }jtoj gc g|aeacglajoa|ej q hvrxh|}j h|}g amhg mh cg

manalxc}gm mh |x |xrhtglaüo ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{# 7119 ü 4222/




Ho cj wxh fglh g cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g |h }tg}g mh wxh }go}j ho hc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh lho}tj &|jdth

}jmj ho hc ma|h÷j lxttalxcgt! ljej ho cg| rtçl}alg| rhmgiüialg| q thcglajogch| mhc ljokxo}j mh cj|

mjlho}h| |h cjith |xrhtgt cg amhg mh wxh cj ehkjt j cj ûoalj wxh |h rxhmh fglht h| wxh hc thlaáo

cchigmj gmjr}h cg| rgx}g| lxc}xtgch| oxh~g|# gdgomjogmj cg| rtjrag| j mhkçomjcg| thchigmg gc çeda}jrta~gmj/ Ho |åo}h|a|# rgtg nxomgeho}gt gmhlxgmgeho}h xog rj|alaüo q rtgva| ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g h|

rthla|j rjt xo cgmj g|xeat rchogeho}h cj| rtaolaraj| mh aixgcmgm q manhtholag# rhtj }gedaáo q ljej

thwxa|a}j rth~aj j ljoma}aj |aoh wxg ojo |xrhtgt hc g|eacglajo|ej ho cg rtçl}alg mjlho}h/ Rg|hej| qg

g ~ht cg ao|xnalaholag mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg ohlh|amgm mh at g xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc/

=%% Mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm

Rgtg ma|}aoixat h|}g| mj| ejmgcamgmh| mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# q ma|rjoht mh lta}htaj| rgtg |xmanhtholaglaüo ho xo mh}hteaogmj egtlj ljej hc hmxlg}a~j# |h fglh rthla|j gdjtmgt# gc ehoj|#

h|}j| lxg}tj ao}httjigo}h| j ljokxo}j mh ao}httjigo}h|;

7%% ºRjtwxá h| ohlh|gtag xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc:# ºrgtg ih|}ajogt cg ma~ht|amgm

mh|mh cg aixgcmgm q cg manhtholag oj dg|}g ljo hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej q cg| rjcå}alg|

rûdcalg| ho ác dg|gmg|# ho}th j}tg| cg| rjcå}alg| hmxlg}a~g|:# ºrjtwxá ao~ho}gt j}tg

amhg |a qg }hohej| xog q exq rj|a}a~g:

4%% ºWxá grjt}g mh h|rhlånalj hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho hc çeda}j mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc:#

ºwxá fgq mh oj~hmj|j ho h|}h rcgo}hgeaho}j gfjtg }go ho djig:# ºlxçch| |jo |x|

|h÷g mh amho}amgm j tg|ij| manhtholagmjth| ho lxgo}j g rtjrxh|}g |jlajrjcå}alg q

rhmgiüialg:

<%% ºRhtea}h h|g ljo}tadxlaüo ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g ihoxaog xog ehkjt grtjvaeglaüo g cg

ih|}aüo rj|a}a~g q mhejltç}alg mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc:# º|xrjoh xo g~golh

th|rhl}j g rcgo}hgeaho}j| go}htajth|:0 |a hccj h| g|å# ºho wxá ljomalajoh| |jlagch| q

rjcå}alg|:

=%% ºLxçc h| ho}jolh| cg thcglaüo g h|}gdchlht ho}th exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm:#

º|jo go}giüoalj| j ljercheho}gtaj|:

=/7%% Cg ohlh|amgm mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej

Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fg ~hoamj fglahomj ohlh|gtag# q fg|}g gfjtg }jmj rgthlh aomalgt wxh

cj ~g g |ht eç| ho hc nx}xtj# mhdamj g cg| caea}glajoh|# httjth| q ntglg|j| mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ ]tg|

eç| mh }th| málgmg| mh grcalglaüo mh cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| exc}alxc}xtgch| fg|}g |x| mhnho|jth|

thljojlho |x| rxo}j| mádach|/ Thea}j gc chl}jt j chl}jtg g j}tj }tgdgkj mjomh fh }tg}gmj mh

|ao}h}a{gt cg| lta}alg| gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej rtjlhmho}h| mhc mhdg}h rjcå}alj q mh cj| h|}xmaj| laho}ånalj

|jlagch| &ho Egcih|aoa q Iaeáoh{# 4222!/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# rjmhej| th|gc}gt wxh “mhkgomj grgt}h

cj| g}gwxh| nxtadxomj| ljo}tg hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej mh|mh hc oxh~j tgla|ej wxh ~h ho ác xog

gehog{g g cg amho}amgm oglajogc wxh rthijogo# xog amho}amgm fjejihoha{go}h# h|}ç}alg qlho}tgca|}g% cg| ltå}alg| eholajogmg| }ahoho ljej njlj ljeûo cg ao|xnalaholag mhc rcgo}hgeaho}j

exc}alxc}xtgc ljej rtjqhl}j mh ljfh|aüo |jlagc mh cg ljexoamgm rjcå}alg mjomh |h xdalgo cj|

manhtho}h|/











/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC >7/ / / / / / / / /

8%% Thnchvaüo naogc |jdth hmxlglaüo q nx}xtj

Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc rxhmh |ht mh itgo gqxmg ho cg }gthg hmxlg}a~g/ Hoxehtgej| g

ljo}aoxglaüo# g ejmj mh th|xeho mh cj wxh fhej| ~hoamj gtixeho}gomj q mh th|rxh|}g g cj|ao}httjigo}h| mhc rtaolaraj# gcixoj| rxo}j| wxh ljo|amhtgej| lho}tgch| g cg fjtg mh nxomgeho}gt

cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho egtlj mh cg h|lxhcg q cg hmxlglaüo;

7%% Hc rxo}j aohcxmadch mh rgt}amg h| hc thlfg{j thgc mh cg hvlcx|aüo/ Oj rxhmh

g~go{gt|h fglag cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |jdth cg dg|h mh cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo q |hithiglaüo/

Aoalag}a~g| mh holxho}tj ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg| eû|alg| j ho cg| rtçl}alg| gcaeho}alag|#

|ht~atço mh rjlj |a oj fgq xog ~jcxo}gm mhlamamg q xog rtçl}alg ljo}tg hc }tg}j mh|aixgc#

cg |hrgtglaüo nå|alg mh cj| manhtho}h| j cg glxc}xtglaüo njt{gmg mhc j}tj/ Eç| gccç mh cg|

thch~go}h| manhtholaglajoh| ho}th cg h|lxhcg rcxtgc# exc}alxc}xtgca|}g ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g# cj

laht}j h| wxh }jmg| }ahoho ho ljeûo hc thlfg{j mh cg hvlcx|aüo/ Oj h|}ç mh eç|aomalgtcj# rgtg |xegt q oj th|}gt nxht{g|/

4%% Oj fgq wxh mgt rjt |xrhtgmj hc g|aeacglajoa|ej/ Cj| mjlho}h| mhdhej| th~a|gt

oxh|}tg ~a|aüo mh cg h~jcxlaüo# cg fa|}jtag q hc mh|gttjccj |xrhtgomj cg| ljolhrlajoh|

xoacaohgch|/ \xrhtgt hc g|aeacglajoa|ej oj ~g ho mh}taeho}j mh mhnhomht cg xoamgm mhc

lxttalxcxe# cg xoalamgm mhc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh lho}tj# h}l/

<%% H| rthla|g xog g|xolaüo ljfhtho}h mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc# }tgdgkgomj cg| thcglajoh|

ho}th aixgcmgm q manhtholag/ Rgtg hccj |h fglh ohlh|gtaj oj ljonxomat hc rcgoj mh cg

aixgcmgm* mh|aixgcmgm fxegog| ljo hc rcgoj mh cg |aeaca}xm *manhtholag &Fh }tg}gmj h|}j

ho Iaeáoh{# 7119# 4222!

=%% Th|rhl}j gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# |htåg ljo~hoaho}h xog rj|alaüo mh ltå}alg

ljo|}txl}a~g# grtj~hlfgomj q oj mh|rhtmalagomj |x| aerjt}go}h| grjt}glajoh|

hmxlg}a~g| &|xrhtglaüo mhc lxttalxcxe jlxc}j# rtjnh|jth| dacaoióh| q dalxc}xtgch|# h}l!/ G

rh|gt mh cg caea}glajoh| q httjth| exc}alxc}xtgca|}g|# |htåg dg|}go}h aoû}ac q mh }jmj rxo}j

hvgihtgmj rgt}at mhc wxh hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h| cj jrxh|}j gc rcxtgca|ej h|ljcgt

&rgtgntg|hgomj g \gt}jta! j wxh h| cg igoithog mh cg h|lxhcg &rgtgntg|hgomj g G{xtehoma!/

8%% \aherth |htç û}ac thljtmgt cj wxh exc}alxc}xtgca|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm }ahoho ho

ljeûo &cxlfg ljo}tg cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ma~ht|amgm ljej rj|a}a~g# |ht aixgch| q

manhtho}h|# h}l/! mj}gomj mh xog rht|rhl}a~g exc}a h ao}htlxc}xtgc cj| rtjqhl}j|

hmxlg}a~j|/>%% Hc rxo}j mhla|a~j h| th}jegt cj wxh xoh# cj ljeûo# cg| ljo~htiholag|# ho}th cj|

manhtho}h| gl}jth| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Cj| oa÷j|# rjt hc fhlfj mh |htcj# }ahoho

}go}j ho ljeûo q eç| rtjdgdcheho}h g |x hmgm/ Cj| rgmth| q egmth|# |jo rgmth| q

egmth| mh gcxeoj|# ao}hth|gmj| q rthjlxrgmj| rjt cj ihohtgc ho cg hmxlglaüo mh |x|

fakj|# q gmheç| |jo dcgolj| j ohitj|# oglajogch| j oj# h}l/

9%% Ljo|laho}h| mh wxh hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc h| xo oxh~j rgtgmaieg hehtiho}h

q ho ljo|}txllaüo# wxh oj h|}ç mhnaoamj oa lhttgmj ho oaoixoj mh |x| }áteaoj|# mhdh

aerxc|gt|h cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g lthg}a~g rgtg atcj ljonjtegomj rgxcg}aogeho}h ljo

glaht}j| q httjth|# ljo eh}jmjcjiåg |xlh|a~g|# ljej fhttgeaho}g û}ac rgtg hc rtjqhl}j

hmxlg}a~j/6%%Oj| rthixo}çdgej| gc rtaolaraj rjt cg| manhtholag ho}th cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc q cg

h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Rxhmho |h÷gcgt|h ~gtag|/ Jkgcç cg| rgiaog| go}htajth| fgqgo grjt}gmj



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>4/ / / / / / / / /

hcheho}j| rgtg wxh lgmg lxgc cg| h|}gdch{lg/ Wxa|aátgej| aomalgt# oj jd|}go}h# wxh mh|mh

oxh|}tg rht|rhl}a~g h|g manhtholag tgmalg |jdth }jmj ho wxh eaho}tg| cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc

h|}ç lho}tgmg ho hc th|rhl}j q ~gcjta{glaüo rj|a}a~g mh cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h| ho cg| gxcg| q ho

cg ma~ht|amgm mhc ho}jtoj &cj lxgc qg }ahoh eáta}j!# ho cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc# gmheç|# |hhong}a{g hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j mh cg ljo~a~holag q cg |xrhtglaüo mhc lxc}xtgca|ej q cg

hvglhtdglaüo mh cg| manhtholag| wxh ljocch~g/

1%% Ljej ljtjcgtaj mh cj go}htajt# xo rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j “|hg mh ma|}ta}j h|ljcgt q mh lho}tj

hmxlg}a~j# j eç| ljolth}j gûo mh xoamgm mamçl}alg j mh gxcg% rxhmh# ho hnhl}j#

lgtgl}hta{gt|h ljo cj| grhcg}a~j| mh rtjqhl}j exc}alxc}xtgc j mh rtjqhl}j

ao}htlxc}xtgc# q gwxå |a ch mhkgej| gc chl}jt j chl}jtg hc hkhtlalaj mh mh}gccgt h|g| oj}g|

ma|}ao}a~g| j |aercheho}h mh rthixo}gt|h rjt |x| gl}a~amgmh| mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g/

72%% J}tj ljtjcgtaj/ Lcgtj wxh fgq manhtholag| ho}th cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg|

exc}alxc}xtgch| h ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo/ H|}g ~h{ ch mhkgej|

cg }gthg oj |ücj g cj| rtjnh|jth| |aoj g cg| gx}jtamgmh| hmxlg}a~g|# th|rjo|gdch|rjcå}alj| q chia|cgmjth|# h}l/ H|j |å# }tg}ho mh fglht h|}j| mhdhth| oj ho lg|g &ho hc

igdaoh}h!# |aoj ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| gl}jth|/

77%% H|rhtgej| wxh cj| goçca|a| mh cj| grgt}gmj| go}htajth| rhtea}go ~a|cxedtgt wxh oj

h|}gej| go}h xo kxhij mh rgcgdtg| j mhdg}h ojeaog}a~j# |aoj go}h xog lxh|}aüo mh

honjwxh rhmgiüialj q mh g~golh |jdth rcgo}hgeaho}j| go}htajth|# ao}hth|go}h| rhtj

caea}gmj|/ Cg rtaolargc thch~golag mhc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g# }gc q ljej cj mhnaoaej|#

tgmalg ho ma|rjoht mh xog fhttgeaho}g rgtg; g! }tgdgkgt rjt cg xoamgm h|ljcgt ho cg

ma~ht|amgm &ho cj ao|}a}xlajogc!# xoat cg rhmgijiåg mh cg cadht}gm ljo cg rhmgijiåg mh cg

aixgcmgm q cg |jcamgtamgm &ho cj rhmgiüialj! q rgtg hotawxhlht cg rtgl}alg hmxlg}a~g q hc

mh|gttjccj rht|jogc mhc hmxlgmjt &ho cj rtjnh|ajogc!/

74%% Rgtg hc*cg mjlho}h# rtjnh|jt*g j egh|}tj*g# cch~gt hc rcgo}hgeaho}j

ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g g |x çeda}j mh }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j aercalg exlfg| lj|g|/

Th|gc}gthej| gcixog|; }tgdgkgt|h cg }jchtgolag gl}a~g &ho hc lgerj mh cj| ~gcjth|!#

|xrhtgt hc h}ojlho}ta|ej &ho hc lgerj mh cg| gl}a}xmh|!# |gdht h|lxlfgt eç|

g}ho}geho}h gc J}tj q rthixo}gtch ljo ao}htá| go}h| mh fgdcgt &ho hc lgerj mh cg|

fgdacamgmh|! q xo ao}ho}j rjt ma|ntx}gt cg ma~ht|amgm rtjnxomg mh |x gxcg# h|lxhcg q

exomj# g rh|gt mh }jmg| cg manalxc}gmh| mh ljexoalglaüo# ngc}g mh }aherj# thlxt|j|#

h}l/ &ho lxgo}j g |x ejmj lj}amagoj mh hkhtlht |x jnalaj!/

7<%% Lxgomj gnategej| wxh cg h|lxhcg mhdh |ht~at g cg lthglaüo mh xog |jlahmgmao}htlxc}xtgc h|}gej| aomalgomj cg itgo grjt}glaüo wxh rxhmh fglht &|aherth kxo}j ljo

h|nxht{j| ho j}tj| çeda}j| q cg ljjtmaoglaüo ho}th hccj|! q h|}gej| }gedaáo

hvrth|gomj wxh |ao cg cgdjt hmxlg}a~g |htç aerj|adch h|h |xh÷j/

7=%% Mhkgej| rgtg hc naogc# cj eç| |x|}golagc/ Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej hmxlg}a~j aercalg |gdht

ma|}aoixat# thcglajogt q egohkgt % ho cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| ihohtgch| mh rcgoh|#

rtjitgeg| q rtjqhl}j|# ho cj| mjlxeho}j| q eg}htagch|# q |jdth }jmj ho cg rtçl}alg

lj}amagog mh cg ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh % cj| ngl}jth| rht|jogch|# |a}xglajogch| q

lxc}xtgch| wxh h|}ço rth|ho}h| ho cg| thcglajoh| q }tgqhl}jtag| hmxlg}a~g|/ Fh }tg}gmj

h|}h g|xo}j ho j}tj cxigt &Iaeáoh{# 4224 d!# thnataáomjeh g cg ehmaglaüo q cg

ao}ht~holaüo ho ljo}hv}j| mh ma~ht|amgm# mjomh |h jnthlh xog eh}jmjcjiåg gc th|rhl}j#rhtj lahttj h|}j| grxo}h| ljo cg| |aixaho}h| aomalglajoh|/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC ></ / / / / / / / /

Lxgomj xo egh|}tj j xog egh|}tg h|}ço ljo xo oa÷j j oa÷g &egttjwxå# oaihtagoj# ia}goj h|rg÷jc#

ia}goj txegoj# txegoj oj ia}goj# gx}ül}joj oj ia}goj# egmtach÷j mh Lfgedhtå j Cg~graá|# h}l/#

h}l/! |gdho wxh# go}h }jmj# |h }tg}g mh xog rht|jog ljo mh}hteaogmg hmgm# ljo xog njteg mh |ht

wxh |h h|}ç njtegomj q ho xog ng|h mh |x ~amg wxh }ahoh laht}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg| |hiûo oj| hvrcalg cgr|aljcjiåg h~jcx}a~g q mhc mh|gttjccj/ Qg }hohej| gfå rxo}j| mh |aeaca}xm q mh manhtholag# mh

aixgcmgm q mh mh|aixgcmgm ljo cj| mheç|/

Hc mjlho}h }gedaáo |gdh wxh# gmheç| mh h|j| ljerjoho}h| rht|jogch|# fgq ljomalajogo}h|

|jlagch| ho cg| ~amg| q }tgqhl}jtag| h|ljcgth| mh h|j| oa÷j| q gmjch|lho}h| &ngeacag h|}txl}xtgmg j

oj# ljo eç| j ehoj| thlxt|j|# ra|j ho ljomalajoh| j lfgdjcg# rthlgtahmgm kxtåmalg mh cj| rgmth| j

oj!/ ]gedaáo gwxå “ ho cj |jlagc q oj ho cj rht|jogc# q ho cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th gedj| “ hc hmxlgmjt

|gdtç ~ht |hehkgo{g| q manhtholag| q oj ljonxomatcg| ljo cg| aixgcmgmh| q mh|aixgcmgmh|/

Naogceho}h# h|j| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| fgo |amj |jlagca{gmj| ho hc çeda}j mh xog mh}hteaogmglxc}xtg# j ho ~gtag| ho ao}htgllaüo# q }ahoh njteg| mh |ht# rho|gt# |ho}at mhlat q gl}xgt wxh h|}ço

rgx}gmg| lxc}xtgceho}h/ ]gedaáo ho h|}h }htlht thaoj amho}analgtç ljo~htiholag|# ma~htiholag|# h}l/

Cg egh|}tg j egh|}tj ao}htlxc}xtgca|}g |gdtç ma|}aoixat ho}th cj rht|jogc# cj |a}xglajogc q cj lxc}xtgc# q

rth|}gtç g}holaüo g lüej |h ao}htthcglajogo/ Wxa{ç| fglaáomjcj rjmtç gqxmgt eç| g cj| kü~hoh| q

gqxmgt|h eç| g |å ea|ej/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# cj aerjt}go}h oj h| cg rgcgdtg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm # wxh

rjmtågej| jc~amgtcg j |acholagtcg cj wxh nxhtg ohlh|gtaj# |aoj }jmj cj wxh ljertjeh}h/

Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg|

%% Çc~gth{# A/ &4224!/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo mhc aoao}hitgdch lxc}xtgc# rçi| 7>6%718# ho K/ Mh Cxlg| q N/

]jtth| &hm|/! Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|: Gcixoj| mh|gnåj| q &egcg|! th|rxh|}g|/ ]gcg|g

Hmalajoh|/ Egmtam/

%% Geh|# R/ &4224!/ Hmxlglaüo h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Thrho|gomj ea}j|# amho}amgmh| q rtjqhl}j|#

rçi| <=<%<97# ho Nxccht# O/ &hm/!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/

%% Dcgolj# L/ &7112!/ Cg ao}hitglaüo mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| ho Dacdgj/ Ljchllaüo H|}xmaj| Dacdgåoj|/ Dacdgj/

%% Djc{ego# Lc/ &7111!/ –Rjcå}alg| mh aoeaitglaüo# mhthlfj| fxegoj| q laxmgmgoåg g fjtg mh cg

icjdgca{glaüo; xog }arjcjiåg―# rçi|/ 427% 4<7/ Ho H/ Egt}åo# H q \/ mh cg Jdtg &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/

%% Lçta}g| &711>!/ Fglag cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ao}tjmxllaüo g cg njteglaüo mhc ~jcxo}gtagmj mh

rtjitgeg| mh aoeaitgo}h|/ Lçta}g|/ Cg Gllaüo |jlagc/ Lxgmhtoj| mh Njteglaüo# o» <1/

%% Ljea|aüo Exomagc mh Lxc}xtg q Mh|gttjccj &7119!/ Oxh|}tg ma~ht|amgm lthg}a~g/ XOH\LJ

*Nxomglaüo \go}g Egtåg \E/

%% Mjxicg|# Y/G0 Cqego# \/E/ q [xcga`g# K/ &711=!/ Eaitglaüo# h}oalamgm q oglajogca|ej/ \ht~alaj

Hma}jtagc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mhc Rgå| g|lj/

%% Nxccht# O/ &hm/! &4224!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/ Rjo}analag Xoa~ht|amgm

Lg}ücalg mhc Rhtû# Xoa~ht|amgm mhc Rglanalj h Ao|}a}x}j mh H|}xmaj| Rhtxgoj|/

%% Iaeáoh{ &7119 q 4222!/ Ixåg |jdth Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm &Rtaehtg rgt}h/ Nxomgeho}j| ljolhr}xgch|/\hixomg rgt}h/ Hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg| rjcå}alg| rûdcalg| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj

|j|}hoadch!/ Ixg}hegcg/ ROXM% Ixg}hegcg/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>=/ / / / / / / / /

%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &7119# Jl}xdth!/ Cg og}xtgch{g mh cg ehmaglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho Eaitglajoh|/

Egmtam/ Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analg mh Ljeaccg|# o» </

%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &7116!/ Eaitglaüo q oxh~g laxmgmgoåg/ ]heg| rgtg hc Mhdg}h# o» =</

%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4222 g# Egqj!/ Cg| ltå}alg| gc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej/ ]heg| rgtg hc Mhdg}h/%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4222 d!/ Ejmhcj| go}h mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc; mhc tgla|ej g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

Ho Gclaog# K/ &ljjtm/!/ Fglag xog oxh~g amhjcjiåg rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Egmtam/ Hma}jtagc G`gc/

%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4224 g!/ Hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc; |x thcglaüo ljo cg laxmgmgoåg q cg| rjcå}alg|

rûdcalg|# rçi|/ 8<7%8>2/ Ho \heaogtaj mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo rgtg cg Rg{ Cg aoeaitglaüo/ Xog thgcamgm ho

H|rg÷g/ Lho}tj Raiog}hcca * Mhrgt}geho}j mh Gitalxc}xtg q ]xta|ej mhc Ijdahtoj mh Gtgiüo/

%% Iaeáoh{# L/ &4224 d!/ Rcgo}hgeaho}j exc}angl}jtagc rgtg cg ehmaglaüo h ao}ht~holaüo ho ljo}hv}j|

exc}alxc}xtgch|; xog rtjrxh|}g eh}jmjcüialg mh |xrhtglaüo mhc lxc}xtgca|ej# rçi|/ >49% >=</ Ho

Igtlåg Lg|}g÷j# N/ K/ q Extahc Cürh{# L/ &hm|/!/ Cg aoeaitglaüo ho H|rg÷g; ljo}hv}j| q gc}htog}a~g|/

^jcxeho AA/ Gl}g| mhc AAA ljoith|j |jdth cg aoeaitglaüo ho H|rg÷g &rjoholag|!/ Itgogmg/

Cgdjtg}jtaj mh H|}xmaj| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|/%% Fjn|}hmh# I/ &7111!/ Lxc}xtg| q jtigoa{glajoh|/ Hc \jn}ygth eho}gc/ Cg ljjrhtglaüo ao}htoglajogc

q |x aerjt}golag rgtg cg |xrht~a~holag/ Gcago{g Hma}jtagc/

%% Aca{gtdh# L/ &4224!/ Mhejltglag h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho cg| thcglajoh| ho}th H|}gmj q \jlahmgm#

rçi| 99% 77/ Ho Nxccht# O/ &hm/! &4224! Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q Rjcå}alg/ Mh|gnåj| q rj|adacamgmh|/

%% @qecal`g# Y/ &711>!/ Laxmgmgoåg exc}alxc}xtgc/ Xog }hjtåg cadhtgc mh cj| mhthlfj| mh cg| eaojtåg|/

Dgtlhcjog/ Rgamü|/

%% Cgdg}# L/# q ^hteh|# I/ &711=!; Lxc}xth| jx~ht}h|# \jlaá}á| ao}htlxc}xthcch|# Mx ljo}gl} ç

c‑ao}htgl}ajo# C‑Fgteg}}go*HO\# Hma}ajo| Njo}hogtq*\}%Lcjxm/

%% Cgej mh H|raoj|g# H/ &hm/! &7118!/ Lxc}xtg|# h|}gmj|# laxmgmgoj|/ Xog grtjvaeglaüo gc

exc}alxc}xtgca|ej ho Hxtjrg/ Gcago{g Hma}jtagc/

%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &711= g!/ Hc mh|gnåj mh cg| ntjo}htg|/ Mhthlfj| Fxegoj| q vhojnjdag ntho}h g xog

|jlahmgm rcxtgc/ Egmtam/ ]heg| mh Fjq/

%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &711= d!/ Mhthlfj| fxegoj|# chia|cglaüo rj|a}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Ho

Mjlxeho}glaüo \jlagc # o» 19 &ejojitçnalj |jdth ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm!# Egmtam/

%% Cxlg|# K/ mh &4224!/ Gcixog| rtjrxh|}g| rgtg ljeho{gt g fgdcgt ho |htaj mh rjcå}alg mh

aoeaitglaüo# rçi| 4<%=6/ Ho Mh Cxlg|# K/ q ]jtth|# N/ &hm|/!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|:

Gcixoj| mh|gnåj| q &egcg|! th|rxh|}g|/ Egmtam/ ]gcg|g Hmalajoh|/

%% Egcih|aoa# I q Iaeáoh{# L/ &7119!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth eaitglajoh|# tgla|ej h

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm / Egmtam/ Cg Lxh~g mhc J|j/ &Hmalaüo th~a|gmg ho Cj| cadtj| mh Cg Lg}gtg}g#4222!/

%% Egt}åo# H/ &7111!/ Exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# oxh~j| |xkh}j| fa|}ütalj| q laxmgmgoåg lxc}xtgc# rçi| 721%

7<6/ Ho Egt}åo# H/ q mh cg Jdtg# \/ &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/

%% Ehtaohtj# E/K/ &ljjtm/! &4224!/ Maçcjij mh la~aca{glajoh| Jtaho}h% Jllamho}h/ Grjt}h gc

ho}homaeaho}j ao}htoglajogc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh Hv}thegmxtg/ Dadcaj}hlg Oxh~g/

%% Ejthoj/ A/ &7111!/ Mhthlfj| fxegoj|# laxmgmgoåg h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# rçi| 1%<># ho Egt}åo# H q

mh cg Jdtg# \/ &hm|/!/ Thrho|gomj cg laxmgmgoåg/ \h~accg/ Nxomglaüo hc Ejo}h/

%% Ej|}htåo# K/ &7169!/ H}ojlho}ta|ej# thcg}a~a|ej q tglajogcamgm # Gtdjt# o» 9=# rçi|/ 1% 49/

%% Jtigoa{glaüo mh cg| Oglajoh| Xoamg| rgtg cg Hmxlglaüo# cg Laholag q cg Lxc}xtg &XOH\LJ! &711>!/

Cg maeho|aüo lxc}xtgc mhc mh|gttjccj/





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>>/ / / / / / / / /

RHMGIJIÅGAO]HTLXC]XTGC;

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/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC >9/ / / / / / / / /

7%% Hc rxo}j mh rgt}amg; Hmxlglaüo q ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc

Cj| ao~h|}aigmjth| ntgolh|h|# ljojlamj| rjt |x| grjt}glajoh| rajohtg| g cj| h|}xmaj| mh cg

hmxlglaüo q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# |h thnatahtjo ho |x| rtaehtj| ho|gqj| g cg| ehmamg| |jlaj%rhmgiüialg| herthomamg| rjt cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo ntgolh|g rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|

ljej –hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc― &ámxlg}ajo ao}htlxc}xthcch!/ Cj| ao~h|}aigmjth| ntgolh|h| wxh

glx÷go h|}h ljolhr}j g}tadxågo hc ntglg|j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho Ntgolag ho |x h}grg

aoalagc &g÷j| 62! g cg ngc}g mh mh|gttjccj mh xo grgtg}j }hütalj dg|gmj ho h|}xmaj| h ao~h|}aiglajoh|

rth~aj| g cg aercgo}glaüo mh malfg| ehmamg| &Gdmgccgf Rth}lhacch# 71110 Egt}åoh{ Ex÷j{# 4229!/

Ljej ~hthej| eç| gmhcgo}h# h|}h oj h| hc lg|j mh cg –hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc― &exc}alxc}xtgc

hmxlg}ajo!0 honjwxh rhmgiüialj wxh nxh ljolhdamj q mh|gttjccgmj ho cj| HH/XX/ g ehmagmj| mhc

|aicj VV g rgt}at mh xo egtlj }hütalj |ücamgeho}h ljo|}txamj# wxh |h nxh ljo|jcamgomj }go}j ho cg

rtçl}alg ljej g }tg~á| mh cg rtjmxllaüo mh xog gdxomgo}h rtjmxllaüo laho}ånalg g }jmj cj cgtij mhc

|aicj &Dgo`|# 71610 C/ gom R/ Mg~amego# 7119!/

Fjq ho måg# hc mhdg}h |jdth cg| ljo|}txllajoh| }hütalg| wxh nxomgeho}go xog q j}tg ljolhrlaüo

hmxlg}a~g “q |x| |xd|hlxho}h| h|}tg}hiag| q grcalglajoh| rtçl}alg|“# oj fg rhtmamj nxht{g0 rjt hc

ljo}tgtaj# ljej ~hthej| g ljo}aoxglaüo# cg rtjmxllaüo laho}ånalg q glgmáealg |aixh lho}tgmg ho cg

manhtholaglaüo ho}th gedg| ljolhrlajoh|# q h|}g aoncxqh mhla|a~geho}h ho hc }tg}geaho}j hmxlg}a~j mh cg

ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Ho cg| cåohg| wxh |aixho ~gej| g }tg}gt mh mh|icj|gt cj| hcheho}j| |x|}go}a~j| }go}j

mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc ljo hc nao mh “}tg| |x goçca|a|“ }tg}gt mh

njtexcgt xog rtjrxh|}g# }hütalg q rtçl}alg# mh cj wxh |htåg xog oxh~g rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc/

Ho h|}g cåohg# cg ohlh|amgm mh xog thnjtexcglaüo }hütalg mh cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho cj|

|aixaho}h| gtixeho}j|;

Ho rtaeht cxigt# cg itgo lgo}amgm mh }tgdgkj|# ho|gqj| h ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh |h fgo fhlfj rûdcalj|

ho cj| ûc}aej| lxgtho}g g÷j|# }go}j ho cj wxh |h thnahth g cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej g cg

hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# rhtea}h rtjnxoma{gt ho cg |x|}golag mh gedg| ljolhrlajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/

H|}g| ao~h|}aiglajoh| oj |ücj fgo rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j cj| eáta}j| q cg| caea}glajoh| mh lgmg

honjwxh# |aoj wxh rhtea}ho }gedaáo gogca{gt cg| ehmamg| rtçl}alg| q cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|

wxh |h fgo gmjr}gmj ljej mh|gttjccj mh lgmg xog mh h|}g| ljolhrlajoh|# }go}j rjt ao|}golag|

jnalagch| ljej rta~gmg|/ \ao hedgtij# ho hc ljokxo}j mh h|}g gdxc}gmg rtjmxllaüo }hütalg |hholahttg xog ljonx|aüo ljolhr}xgc wxh jd|lxthlh q manxeaog cj wxh# ho grgtaholag# |jo cj| rhtnach|

rtjraj| q mhnaoa}jtaj| mh gedg| ljolhrlajoh|/ G|å# eaho}tg| ho cg rgt}h ojt}h mhc ljo}aoho}h

gehtalgoj q# ho ihohtgc# ho hc exomj goicj|gküo# cj| }áteaoj| exc}alxc}xtgc h ao}htlxc}xtgc

mh|ltadho xo }arj mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm |jlaj%lxc}xtgc wxh |h dg|g oj |ücj ho hc

thljojlaeaho}j q th|rh}j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# |aoj }gedaáo ho hc ao}htlgedaj lxc}xtgc q ho hc

ex}xj hotawxhlaeaho}j j thlartjlamgm &Dgo`|# ElIhh# 71180 \chh}ht q Itgo}# 71690 Rjt}htg# 4272!0

ho Hxtjrg# ho lgedaj# cg mhojeaoglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |h ho}ahomh |ücj ljej gwxhc }arj mh ih|}aüo

wxh |h lho}tg nxomgeho}gceho}h ho hc |hixomj g|rhl}j# h| mhlat# ho hc ao}htlgedaj q ho hc ex}xj

hotawxhlaeaho}j lxc}xtgc &Gixgmj# 42720 H|lçeh{# 4224!/

79 Rtjnh|jtg mh \jlajcjiåg mh cg Hmxlglaüo ho cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh ^gcholag –\go âlho}h

Eçt}at―/ \x ljtthj h| }gegt/|fxgcaBxl~/h|/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/>6/ / / / / / / / /

Ho hc lg|j mh H|rg÷g# rjt hkhercj# ma~ht|j| h|}xmaj| |jdth }hjtåg mh cg hmxlglaüo |j|}ahoho wxh cg

manhtholag h}aejcüialg ho}th cg| mj| ljolhrlajoh| thrth|ho}g xog manhtholaglaüo amhjcüialg wxh

ma|}aoixh g gedj| honjwxh| rhmgiüialj| q wxh á|}g |h egoanah|}g ho cg rhtlhrlaüo wxh gedj|

}ahoho mh cj| ljolhr}j| mh amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc &H|lçeh{ 42240 \gch| qIgtlåg 71160 Dgt}gcjeá 42240 Dhvgcû 4224!/

Ho |hixomj cxigt# ho cg mhnaoalaüo q mh|gttjccj rtçl}alj| mh cj| ejmhcj| hmxlg}a~j|# }go}j rjt cg|

gmeaoa|}tglajoh| rûdcalg| ljej rjt cg| ho}amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| ho ihohtgc# oj hva|}h xog itgo

ljo|a|}holag ho cj wxh |h ljo|amhtg exc}alxc}xtgc j ao}htlxc}xtgc mho}tj cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|/ G|å#

}tg| fgdht thgca{gmj xo goçca|a| mh cj| nxomgeho}j| nacj|ünalj| q mh cg| njtexcglajoh| ljolhr}xgch|#

g|å ljej mh cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg| ehmamg| rtçl}alg| mh grcalglaüo wxh |h |xhcho hoegtlgt mho}tj mh

gedg| ljttaho}h| rhmgiüialg| j hmxlg}a~g|# ljertjdgej| ljej oj |aherth cg mhojeaoglaüo

hchiamg rjt cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| hmxlg}a~g| q rjt cj| rtjnh|ajogch| mh cg hmxlglaüo thrth|ho}g ho

rxtamgm hc honjwxh }hütalj wxh |h malh grcalgt/ Hnhl}a~geho}h# ho xo gercaj gdgoalj mh lg|j| “mhnjtexcglajoh| ljolhr}xgch| q mh ehmamg| h|}tg}áialg| j rtçl}alg|“ cj wxh |h mhojeaog j ljoladh

ljej hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc “j hcheho}j| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc“ h|# ho thgcamgm# gcij rtjraj j

ma|}ao}a~j mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# q ~alh~ht|g &\fxgca# 4226!/ H|}h fhlfj |h rxhmh g}tadxat g cg

ngc}g mh ljo|a|}holag q mh ljo}aoxamgm ho}th cg ljo|}txllaüo }hütalg q cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g g|jlagmg g

hccg# rtaolargceho}h ho cj wxh |h thnahth g cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}h fhlfj# ho nao# fg rtjralagmj

xo mh|gttjccj rj|}htajt mh rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| wxh mhexh|}tgo exq rjlg gnaoamgm ljolhr}xgc ljo cg

ljttaho}h ho cg wxh |xrxh|}geho}h |h nxomgeho}go# q gmheç|# ljo nthlxholag# malfg| rtçl}alg| |h

egoanah|}go ljej oj gmhlxgmg| g cj| jdkh}a~j| wxh rht|aixho/

Ho }htlht cxigt# }go}j hc honjwxh exc}alxc}xtgc ljej hc ao}htlxc}xtgc fgo amj h~jcxlajogomj g cj cgtij mh

cj| g÷j|/ G|å# cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc# thnjtexcgmg ho |x ~a|aüo eç| gl}xgc ljej hmxlglaüo

exc}alxc}xtgc }tgo|njtegmjtg j hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc ltå}alg# dg|g |x ljo|}txllaüo }hütalg ho

hcheho}j| wxh |jo rtjraj| }gedaáo mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ljej# rjt hkhercj# cg ljolhrlaüo

mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc ljej rcxtanjteh# gnateçomj|h ljo hccj# rjt cj }go}j# hc rtj}gijoa|ej mhc

aoma~amxj g cg fjtg mh gx}jmh}hteaogt |x amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# |ao mh|rcg{geaho}j j thoxolag mh |x

amho}amgm itxrgc/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# |a gogca{gej| hc lgedaj hvrhtaeho}gmj rjt cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x h~jcxlaüo# ~hej| ljej# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# cj| honjwxh| rtçl}alj| mh cg ea|eg

lgeaogo fglag xog ~ht|aüo mh cg ao}hitglaüo wxh# qhomj eç| gccç mh cg ao}htthcglaüo jtaiaogc# |h glhtlg

eç| g cg g|aeacglaüo lxc}xtgc/ H|}j |h grthlag# rjt hkhercj# ho hc lg|j ntgolá| q# ho ljolth}j# ho cg|ehmamg| chia|cg}a~g| gmjr}gmg| rgtg rtjfadat cg hvfadalaüo rûdcalg mh |åedjcj| q g}xhomj| mh

lgtçl}ht thcaiaj|j “cg ltx{ lta|}agog# cg arg kxmåg# hc ~hcj ex|xceço# h}l/“ ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/

Naogceho}h# ho lxgt}j cxigt# |a g naogch| mhc |aicj VV cg manhtholag ljolhr}xgc dç|alg ho}th gedg|

~a|ajoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo q mh cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc |h dg|gdg ho cg ma|}ao}g ao}htrth}glaüo mhc ljolhr}j

mh lxc}xtg q# ljo|aixaho}heho}h# ho hc mh|gttjccj mh cj| manhtho}h| ejmhcj| mh ih|}aüo mh cg thcglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho cg gl}xgcamgm# gedj| honjwxh| |h dg|go ho xog ea|eg mhnaoalaüo mh lxc}xtg# wxh oj h|

j}tg wxh cg njtexcgmg rjt cg XOH\LJ; cg lxc}xtg h| –hc ljokxo}j mh cj| tg|ij| ma|}ao}a~j|# h|rata}xgch| q

eg}htagch|# ao}hchl}xgch| q gnhl}a~j| wxh lgtgl}hta{go g xog |jlahmgm j xo itxrj |jlagc/ Hccg hoicjdg#

gmheç| mh cg| gt}h| q cg| ch}tg|# cj| ejmj| mh ~amg# cj| mhthlfj| nxomgeho}gch| gc |ht fxegoj# cj||a|}heg| mh ~gcjth|# cg| }tgmalajoh| q cg| lthholag|―/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# –cg lxc}xtg mg gc fjedth cg

lgrglamgm mh thnchvajogt |jdth |å ea|ej/ H| hccg cg wxh fglh mh oj|j}tj| |hth| h|rhlånalgeho}h










ljoladaü cg }hjtåg mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc; grcalgt eá}jmj| q |jcxlajoh| hmxlg}a~g| manhtho}h| “

h|rhlagch|“ rgtg g}homht g cg| ohlh|amgmh| manhtho}h| mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj/ Eá}jmj| q

|jcxlajoh| wxh# ho |x|}golag# aercalgdgo wxh cg hmxlglaüo mhdåg rtjmxlat|h ho hc egtlj mh xo

ho}jtoj q xoj| ljo}hoamj| cj eç| lhtlgoj| rj|adch g cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| ehojth|/ Hcrtjdcheg |h rcgo}hü lxgomj h|g| eaojtåg| aoeaitgo}h| |h ljo~at}ahtjo ho laxmgmgoj| rhtegoho}h|

mh cj| rgå|h| thlhr}jth| q# ljej ljo|hlxholag# |h ljertjdü wxh h|j| eá}jmj| hmxlg}a~j| oj

ljo}tadxqhtjo |aoj g |hrgtgt g cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj| q g ego}hohtcj| gc egtiho mhc

rtjlh|j mh rgt}alarglaüo h ao}hitglaüo |jlagc jtmaogtaj|# fglahomj wxh |x oa~hc hmxlg}a~j nxh|h

aonhtajt gc mh cj| kü~hoh| mh cg egqjtåg gx}ül}jog/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rxh|# oj rxhmh ehoj| wxh ljolcxat|h wxh# ljo cg rht|rhl}a~g wxh mg lg|a ehmaj

|aicj mh fa|}jtag# cg| ljolhrlajoh| }hütalg| q hc mh|gttjccj rtçl}alj mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc oj

fgo ljo|hixamj ho Hxtjrg cj| jdkh}a~j| mh kx|}alag h ao}hitglaüo |jlagch| wxh rth}homågo |x|

njtexcgmjth| gehtalgoj| q# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# fgo }homamj g rtjmxlat xo hnhl}j jrxh|}j; cgljergt}aeho}glaüo |jlagc q hc ga|cgeaho}j mh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|/ \jo# rxh|# rthla|geho}h cj|

httjth| q cg| caea}glajoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc cj wxh fg rtj~jlgmj cg ohlh|amgm mh xo

lgedaj h|}tg}áialj q eh}jmjcüialj ho cg| ljolhrlajoh| hmxlg}a~g| q cj wxh fg }tgåmj ljo|aij cg

njtexcglaüo mh xog oxh~g }hjtåg hmxlg}a~g; cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/

Ho h|}g cåohg# mh glxhtmj ljo Gdmgccgf%Rth}lhacch &7111! “xog mh cg| naixtg| }hütalg| eç|

mh|}glgmg| mh cg ljttaho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc q ltå}alg ljo hc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej“# cj| rtaolargch| httjth| mh

cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc q |x| ljo|hlxholag| fg| |amj cj| |aixaho}h|;

%% Glho}xglaüo mh cg| gl}a}xmh| mh thlfg{j q mh hvlcx|aüo/ ]jmg mhnaoalaüo g rtajta mh cj|

itxrj| hoihomtg xo rtjlh|j mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ljo}tgtaj gc hnhl}j dx|lgmj/ Hc

exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# gxo thljojlahomj cg| manhtholag|# dx|lg cg ljhva|}holag mh cj| itxrj|

q cj| aoma~amxj|# rhtj cj fglh lxc}a~gomj |x rgt}alxcgtamgm ho jrj|alaüo g cj| mheç|#

h|}gdchlahomj ljo hccj hc tah|ij mh glho}xglaüo mh cg manhtholag q mhc ljoncal}j |jlagc/

%% Caea}glaüo mh cg ej~acamgm |jlagc/ Hc njeho}j mh cg amho}amgm itxrgc }ahomh gc ga|cgeaho}j

mhc itxrj q manalxc}g cg ej~acamgm mh |x| eahedtj|# wxh rhtegohlho holhttgmj| ho |x|

ifh}j| lxc}xtgch| “q nå|alj|“/ Hccj# aomhnaoa}a~g# ljo}tadxqh }gedaáo g cg ljoihcglaüo mh cg

h|}txl}xtg |jlagc q manalxc}g hc rtjith|j |jlagc mh cj| aoma~amxj|/

%% Holxdtaeaho}j mhc lgtçl}ht lgmg ~h{ eç| rjcaltjej q rjcaejtnj mh cj| itxrj| q mh cg|

lxc}xtg|/ Ho xog thgcamgm }go rcxtgc ljej cg mh cg| |jlahmgmh| mh|gttjccgmg|

jllamho}gch|# cg rj|adacamgm mh rht}hohlht# mh egohtg |aexc}çohg# g eç| mh xo itxrj mh

manhtho}h amho}analglaüo “lxc}xtgc# rjcå}alg# |jlagc# h}l/“ h| cg eç| ljeûo mh cg| thgcamgmh|/

H|}h fhlfj fglh wxh |hg fjq eç| manålac wxh ho j}tg| árjlg| fa|}ütalg| rtjmxlat

amho}amgmh| itxrgch| gd|jcx}geho}h fjejiáohg| wxh manhtholaho# ljo rhtnach|

oh}geho}h mhcaohgmj| q ho }jmj| cj| g|rhl}j| mh cg ~amg fxegog# g cj| eahedtj| mh xo

itxrj j eaojtåg á}oalj%lxc}xtgc ljo th|rhl}j g cj| mheç|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rxh|# hc rxo}j

mh rgt}amg mhc exc}alxc}xtgca|ej “cg hva|}holag mh eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch| gd|jcx}geho}hfjejiáohg|“ h| httüohg/




%% \jdthmh}hteaoglaüo mh cg| ~gtagdch| lxc}xtgch|/ Ho cåohg ljo cj go}htajt# lgdh mhlat wxh cg

thgcamgm |jlagc h| exq rcxtgc q kxo}j g cg| ~gtagdch| lxc}xtgch| hva|}ho }gedaáo j}tj|

g|rhl}j| mh }arj |jlajcüialj# r|aljcüialj# fa|}ütalj q hljoüealj wxh aoncxqho

mhla|a~geho}h ho hc rj|alajogeaho}j |jlagc mh cj| aoma~amxj|/ Oj lgdh thhercg{gt cj|mh}hteaoa|ej| |jlagch| rjt cj| lxc}xtgch|# |aoj wxh fgq wxh ljo|amhtgt }jmj| hccj| ho |x

ljokxo}j/ Hc ngl}jt á}oalj%lxc}xtgc oj hvrcalg rjt |å |ücj cg h|}txl}xtg q hc ljoncal}j |jlagc

q# rjt cj }go}j# }gerjlj rxhmh th|jc~htcj rjt |å ea|ej/

%% Thoxolag g cg gx}jojeåg/ Cg |jdthh|}aeglaüo mhc rh|j mh cg rht}hoholag g xo itxrj

lxc}xtgc j á}oalj |xrjoh# oj |ücj caea}gt cg |xdkh}a~amgm q cg gx}jojeåg mh cj| aoma~amxj|

“cg rtjrag rhtlhrlaüo mh cg amho}amgm q mh cg rht}hohohlag“# |aoj }gedaáo rtj~jlgt ho

hccj| njteg| mh mhrhomholag itxrgc j mh atth|rjo|gdacamgm# rxh|# gc nao q gc lgdj# }jmj

mhrhomhtåg mhc itxrj q mh |x rj|alaüo |jlagc# q oj mhc aoma~amxj/

=%% Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

Cg| mhnalaholag| mh cg hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc nxhtjo rtjo}j rhtladamg| ho Hxtjrg q h| g|å ljej# g

ljeaho{j mh cj| g÷j| jlfho}g mhc |aicj VV# herah{go g rtjmxlat|h cg| ljolhrlajoh| ltå}alg| mhc

ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej/ Cg ao|ratglaüo nacj|ünalg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |h holxho}tg# ho rtaehtg

ao|}golag# ho cg rtjrag }tgmalaüo nacj|ünalg# rjcå}alg h fa|}ütalg mh Ntgolag# fhthmhtg mhc tglajogca|ej

thnjtea|}g mhc |aicj VÂAA/ ]tgmalaüo ho lxqg dg|h |h holxho}tg cg ljo|gitglaüo mhc aoma~amxj ljej

lho}tj q hkh mhc |a|}heg |jlagc q rjcå}alj q# rjt }go}j# hc mh|rthlaj mh cg| ao|}golag| ao}htehmag| “

itxrj| |jlagch|“ wxh |xrjoho xog dgtthtg ho}th á|}h q hc H|}gmj q wxh ljomalajogo hc hkhtlalaj mh

|x| mhthlfj| mh laxmgmgoåg &Fgtithg~h|# 71180 Gdmgccgf%Rth}lhacch# 4227!/

Mh|mh h|}h rxo}j mh ~a|}g# hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc |xrjoh xog gc}htog}a~g g cg| rtjrxh|}g| rhmgiüialg|

wxh }tg}go cg hmxlglaüo mh|mh rcgo}hgeaho}j| fjcå|}alj| mh cg lxc}xtg# dg|çomj|h# ho lgedaj# ho xog

ljolhrlaüo rcxtgc mh á|}g# wxh rgt}h mh cg ljerchkamgm fxegog “|jlagc h aoma~amxgc“ h ao}tjmxlh cg

ohlh|amgm mh }hoht ho lxho}g h|g ma~ht|amgm# g nao mh rhtea}at “q njeho}gt“ cg ao}htthcglaüo ho}th cj|

ma~ht|j| itxrj| ho aoma~amxj|/ H|}h honjwxh hmxlg}a~j “ho thgcamgm# h|}g rhmgijiåg“ |h dg|g ho xog

thcglaüo maoçealg# mh ao}htlgedaj mh ~gcjth|# fçda}j| q rhtlhrlajoh| ho}th cj| aoma~amxj|# cj lxgcng~jthlh cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt j}tg rgt}h# hong}a{g cj| ~gcjth| xoa~ht|gch| q

|xdtgqg cj wxh xoh g cj| aoma~amxj|# eç| wxh cj wxh ch| manhtholag/ Hccj cch~g g cg ohlh|amgm mh thnchvajogt q

mhdg}at ljo}aoxgeho}h hc ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg &Gixgmj# 422<!/ Ho hc njomj mh h|}g ljolhrlaüo# rxh|# |h

holxho}tg hc ljertjea|j hmxlg}a~j ljo cg rchog thgca{glaüo mhc aoma~amxj ljej rht|jog q ljo hc rchoj

hkhtlalaj mh |x| mhthlfj| mh laxmgmgoåg# mh|mh cg aixgcmgm q hc ex}xj thljojlaeaho}j/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# rjt hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho}homhej| ho Hxtjrg gwxhccg }hjtåg wxh gdjtmg cg

hmxlglaüo ho cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g rgt}at mh rtjlh|j| mh ao}htgllaüo “mh thcglaüo h ao}htlgedaj“#

q oj g rgt}at mh cg rth|ht~glaüo ao}goiadch mh ejmhcj| rthljolhdamj| mh itxrj|# lxc}xtg|#

thcaiajoh|# rtjlhmholag oglajogc q j}tj| rgtgmaieg|/ Rgtgmaieg| oj fglho |aoj rtjrjtlajogt xog~a|aüo |aerca|}g# tåiamgeho}h ntgieho}gmg# ljergt}aeho}gmg# q# rjt cj }go}j# ma|}jt|ajogmg mh cg

thgcamgm |jlagc q mhc rtjraj aoma~amxj0 thgcamgm wxh h|# rjt og}xtgch{g# ljerchkg# ma~ht|g q ncxamg/






Cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc# rxh|# |xdtgqg hc ~gcjt wxh grjt}g cg rcxtgcamgm q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc g cj|

lho}tj| h|ljcgth| q g cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj/ Ho h|}g cåohg# rtjlxtg hwxargt gc hmxlgomj ljo cg

lgrglamgm mh rgt}alargt ho cg ljo|}txllaüo mh |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# mh ~h{ mh g|xeat xo rgrhc rg|a~j# mh

ehtj thlhr}jt# ho h|}h rtjlh|j/ Cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc |h dg|g ho hc ~gcjt mh cg rht|jog# ho |xmaioamgm q ho xo |ho}amj mh amho}amgm rcxtanjteh/ \h }tg}g mh xog hmxlglaüo wxh rth}homh holjo}tgt hc

hwxacadtaj ho}th hc mh|gttjccj mh cg rht|jog mh glxhtmj ljo |x rhtlhrlaüo mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm# q# gc

ea|ej }aherj# hc mh|gttjccj mh |x |ho}amj mh rgt}alarglaüo h ao}hitglaüo ho cg |jlahmgm/ Ho h|}h

|ho}amj# cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc njeho}g cg ao}htthcglaüo q# rjt cj }go}j# }jmj| gwxhccj| hcheho}j| mh

xoaüo ho}th cj| aoma~amxj|# eç| wxh rtjnxoma{gt ho cj wxh ch| |hrgtg/

Ho ljolcx|aüo# |h rxhmh mhlat wxh cg rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc;

%% tjerh ljo hc rgtgmaieg fjcå|}alj# jdkh}a~a|}g q h|}txl}xtgca|}g mh cg lxc}xtg h ao}tjmxlh cg

~a|aüo nchvadch# rhtehgdch j rcxtgca|}g mh cg ea|eg# gc glhr}gt cg lgrglamgm mhc aoma~amxjrgtg njtegt |x rtjrag amho}amgm lxc}xtgc# eç| gccç mh cj| cåea}h| h|}golj| mh cg| tåiamg|

amho}analglajoh| á}oalj%lxc}xtgch| }tgmalajogch|0

%% rth}homh mh|gttjccgt ho cj| gcxeoj| gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| mh glhr}glaüo q }jchtgolag ljo

th|rhl}j g cj manhtho}h# aeramahomj hc mh|gttjccj mhc }hejt j hc thlhcj# wxh }hteaogo rjt

rtj~jlgt hc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag0

%% rth}homh aolxclgt cj| ~gcjth| ljexoh|# |xrtglxc}xtgch|# mh cg maioamgm q cg aixgcmgm mhc

|ht fxegoj# njeho}gomj hc ljojlaeaho}j q nxolaüo mh cj| mhthlfj| fxegoj|0

%% dx|lg hc mh|gttjccj mh eh}jmjcjiåg| wxh rhtea}go wxh cj| rtjnh|jth| nglaca}ho hc cjitj

h|ljcgt mh cj| h|}xmago}h| rtjlhmho}h| mh cj| itxrj| tglagch|# á}oalj|# lxc}xtgch| q

|jlagch| eaojta}gtaj| q mh|ng~jthlamj|# g|hixtgomj xo }tg}geaho}j manhtholagc wxh# |ao

tjerht cg ao}hitglaüo ho hc gxcg# rhtea}g ljerho|gt cj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg mh|aixgch|/

8%% Honjwxh| }hütalj| q rtçl}alj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# |ao hedgtij# oj h| xo }jmj fjejiáohj q “ljej cg hmxlglaüo

exc}alxc}xtgc“ fg mgmj cxigt g ma~ht|g| egoanh|}glajoh|# }go}j }hütalg| ljej rtçl}alg|/ Cj wxh |h

}tg}g mh mh|}glgt gwxå h| hc mh|gttjccj wxh h|j| honjwxh| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fgo }hoamj q

cg thcglaüo mh cj| ea|ej| ljo cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| wxh fgo rth}homamj cch~gtcj| g cg thgcamgm/

Hccj oj| rhtea}atç mh}hteaogt ljo }jmg lcgtamgm ho wxh ljo|a|}h ~htmgmhtgeho}h cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc q lüej |h fg thgca{gmj “|h thgca{g“ ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/

G|å# |a hc ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho |x| cåohg| mhnaoa}jtag| dç|alg|# ho lxgo}j g |x

h|}tg}hiag q jdkh}a~j| ûc}aej|# rgthlh |x|la}gt xo gercaj ljo|ho|j ho}th cg itgo egqjtåg mh cj|

h|}xmaj|j| hxtjrhj|# cg thgca{glaüo rtçl}alg mh cg ea|eg q hc mh|gttjccj mh cg| ljtth|rjomaho}h|fhttgeaho}g| rhmgiüialg| jnthlh egqjth| ma|lthrgolag|/ Cg| rtjrxh|}g| |jo exlfg| q# ho

jlg|ajoh|# th|xc}go ljo}tgmal}jtag|# cchigomj g mh|eho}at “gc ehoj| ho grgtaholag“ hc honjwxh
















CG HMXLGLAÜO MHCJ\ LFALJ\71 Q

LFALG\ MH NGEACAG\AOEAITGMG\;

HC CGTIJ LGEAOJFGLAG CG AIXGCMGMWXH GÛO OJ CCHIG

LGRÅ]XCJ=

Kxgo Iüeh{ Cgtg71




–H|rhlagceho}h# }tg|lhomht hc honjwxh rgtlagc wxh }tg}g h|}g| }heç}alg| |ücj

eatgomj g cg| eaojtåg|# rgtg rjmht ljo|}txat xoj oxh~j wxh mh|rcglh hc njlj mh

g}holaüo fglag xo –oj|j}tj|― eç| hv}ho|j# wxh nglaca}h rtjlh|j| |jlajhmxlg}a~j|

rgtg }jmj| q rgtg }jmg|―/ &Ljchl}a~j Gegoa # 4221; 1=!/

7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo

Rgtg wxh xog |jlahmgm cchixh g |ht eç| kx|}g# ao}htlxc}xtgc# ao}hitgmjtg# aolcx|a~g# }jmg| cg|

rht|jog| q }jmj| cj| itxrj| wxh cg ljerjoho q wxh ao}htgl}ûgo ho}th |å mhdho fglhtcj |jdth cg|

dg|h| mh xog thcglaüo aixgca}gtag q hwxa}g}a~g/ Oj fgq ogmg eç| wxh eatgt g oxh|}tj gcthmhmjt rgtg

mh|lxdtat wxh cg mh|aixgcmgm h| cj wxh rtaeg# q ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg hmxlglaüo oxolg fg kxigmj xorgrhc ohx}tj/ Cg fa|}jtag mh cg hmxlglaüo |h oj| exh|}tg ljej xog fa|}jtag mh fjejihoha{glaüo

|jdth cg| rjdcglajoh|# lxc}xtgc q |jlagceho}h ma~ht|g|# q thrtjmxl}jtg mh cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc q

hljoüealg/ Ho rgcgdtg| eç| lcgtg|# cg h|lxhcg rhtrh}ûg cg| hvlcx|ajoh| rth~ageho}h rtjej~amg|

rjt hc |a|}heg hljoüealj/

Rhtj cg h|lxhcg gl}xgc }gedaáo gmea}h ho |x |hoj g manhtho}h| rht|jog| ho gllaüo wxh ~ahoho g

lxh|}ajogt h|h rtaolaraj thrtjmxl}jt# rht|jog| wxh g }tg~á| mh |x| rtçl}alg|# h|}ço ljontjo}gomj q

thnjtexcgomj cg| rtjrxh|}g| ao|}a}xlajogch|/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# gc aixgc wxh rxhmh |ht xog rj}ho}h

eçwxaog mh thrtjmxllaüo }gedaáo cj rxhmh |ht mh }tgo|njteglaüo/

Ljo cg hcgdjtglaüo mh h|}h mjlxeho}j fh rth}homamj cch~gt g lgdj xog grtjvaeglaüo g cg |a}xglaüo

gl}xgc mh cj| manhtho}h| rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| ho cj| wxh |h holxho}tgo cj| lfalj| q lfalg| mh

ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| ho hc ljo}hv}j h|rg÷jc/ Hc |xd}å}xcj oj| thea}h g cj| manhtho}h| ao}httjigo}h|

wxh |xtiho lxgomj oj| holjo}tgej| ho cg ohlh|amgm mh mgt th|rxh|}g| g h|}g thgcamgm ho

ljolth}j q g cg ma~ht|amgm ho |x ihohtgcamgm/ ºMüomh |h holxho}tg hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j ljo

th|rhl}j g h|}j| lfalj| q lfalg|: ºLgeaog fglag cg aixgcmgm j fglag cg mh|aixgcmgm:

Mh|lxdtatáa| wxahoh| ljo}aoxáa| chqhomj# wxh ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j# q }gedaáo ho j}tj|

rj|}htajth|# eç| wxh th|rxh|}g| |h rcgo}hgo eç| ao}httjigo}h| ljo xo jdkh}a~j |aerch# ao}ho}gtgdtat hc njlj mhc magntgieg rgtg jd}hoht xog rgojtçealg eç| gercag wxh oj| rhtea}g ~ht eç| gccç

mh h|}j| –lfalj| q lfalg|― q mh cg| ao}ht~holajoh| mataiamg| h|rhlagceho}h fglag hccj|/ Xog

rgojtçealg wxh aolcxqg gc gcxeogmj gc ljerch}j# g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# g cg h|lxhcg# g j}tj|

ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc ho}jtoj |jlagc# gc ljo}hv}j |jlagc cjlgc q exomagc/

76 Ho h|}h gt}ålxcj ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| x}aca{gtá hc eg|lxcaoj ljej ihoátalj# h| mhlat aolcxqh g

exkhth| q g fjedth|# g lfalg| q g lfalj|/ H| oxh|}tg th|rjo|gdacamgm oj jc~amgt cg rth|holag mh

cg| exkhth|# mh cg| lfalg|# mho}tj mhc ihoátalj/ Oj x}aca{j hc }áteaoj oa÷j| q oa÷g| rjtwxhho}ahomj wxh h|}j rgthlh wxh hvlcxqh g gmjch|lho}h| j kü~hoh|/71 Eahedtj mhc Ljchl}a~j Gegoa/ \x ljtthj h|; ojegmhgegoaBqgfjj/h|/




4%% Lgeaogo}h oj fgq lgeaoj# |h fglh lgeaoj gc gomgt///

Cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh xog thgcamgm mh|aixgc h aokx|}g# h| xo rtjlh|j cgtij# ohlh|gtageho}h cgtij q oj

hvho}j mh ljoncal}j|/ Cj aerjt}go}h oj h| cchigt |aoj |gdht fglag müomh ~gej| q ljo wxá ehmaj|ljo}gej|/ ºH|}ç rthrgtgmj hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j rgtg th|rjomht g cg ma~ht|amgm q ng~jthlht cg

hwxamgm: Thgceho}h oj# j gc ehoj| oj cj |xnalaho}heho}h/ ºCg h|lxhcg gl}xgc h| cg gmhlxgmg rgtg

th|rjomht g cg| manhtho}h| ohlh|amgmh| mh wxahoh| cg ljerjoho: Wxa{ç| oj# rhtj |gdhej| lxçc h|

hc lgeaoj/ ºH| cg hmxlglaüo xog fhttgeaho}g ~çcamg rgtg lgeaogt fglag xog |jlahmgm eç| kx|}g q

|jcamgtag: \å# mhnaoa}a~geho}h cj h| q# gmheç|# xog mh cg| rjlg| fhttgeaho}g| ljo cg| wxh xog

|jlahmgm# h|}g |jlahmgm# lxho}g/ Rhtj cg manalxc}gm h|}tadg ho cg| th|rxh|}g| wxh |xtiho mh j}tg

lxh|}aüo rth~ag; ºrxhmh h|}g |jlahmgm lgeaogt fglag xog| egqjth| lj}g| mh kx|}alag rgtg lgmg xog mh

cg| rht|jog| q itxrj| wxh cg ljerjoho: Mhrhomh# mhrhomh g wxaho ch rthixo}h|# mjomh cj fgig| q

ho wxá ejeho}j/ Ho h|}g |jlahmgm q ho }jmg| cg| |jlahmgmh| oj ljergt}aej| cj| ea|ej| ao}hth|h|/

Wxa{ç| oj ljo|a|}g ho holjo}tgt cg| th|rxh|}g|# |aoj ho |gdht jtmhogt }jmg| h|}g| rthixo}g| q cj|

rjtwxá| wxh |h mhta~go mh hccg|/ Mg aixgc lxçc |hg hc jtmho rjtwxh wxa{ç| cg rthixo}g h| eç|

|aerch# ºRjt wxá h| }go cgtij hc lgeaoj fglag cg aixgcmgm# mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ngeacag|

aoeaitgmg|# ho cg hmxlglaüo j g }tg~á| mh cg hmxlglaüo:

Rhtmjoho cj| aerglaho}h|# rhtj rgtg th|rjomht g h|}g rthixo}g ohlh|a}j gdtat hc magntgieg mh cg|

cho}h| ljo cg| wxh eatgt cg thgcamgm/ Gercagt oxh|}tg| ~a|}g| oj| ~g g nglaca}gt xo egqjt

ljojlaeaho}j mh cg ea|eg/ Fg|}g fglh exq rjlj cg h|lxhcg fg h|}gmj th|ht~gmg g mh}hteaogmj|

itxrj| |jlagch|# hvlcxqhomj g cg itgo egqjtåg mh cg rjdcglaüo/ ]go |ücj mh|mh hc |aicj VAV# q |ücj

ho hc –exomj jllamho}gc― j rgå|h| mh|gttjccgmj| &ljej rthnahtgo!# herah{g g |ht ljolhdamg ljej

xog fhttgeaho}g ho egoj| mh cj| H|}gmj| rgtg |ht~at ljej }tgo|ea|jtg q thrtjmxl}jtg mh cg

lxc}xtg/ H|j |å# mh cg ûoalg lxc}xtg# cg lxc}xtg oglajogc# mh cg| áca}h|# mh cj| fjedth|# dcgolj|#//// Cg

h|lxhcg wxh ljojlhej| herh{ü g|å# |ao oaoiûo iáohtj mh mxmg/

Fg|}g nhlfg| dg|}go}h| lhtlgog| oj fgo hva|}amj mhlcgtglajoh|# chqh|# wxh fgdcho mhc mhthlfj mh

cj| oa÷j| q cg| oa÷g| g cg hmxlglaüo q mh cg jdcaig}jtahmgm mh cg ea|eg &gc ehoj| |jdth hc rgrhc!/

Lgmg H|}gmj fg amj rtjexcigomj |x| chqh| q fg ma|rxh|}j cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg fglht

hnhl}a~j h|h mhthlfj/ H|rg÷g# gxowxh ho }aherj| eç| }gtmåj|# h| xoj mh h|}j| H|}gmj|/

G rgt}at mh h|h ejeho}j# gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j |h ch g|aiogo xog| lgrglamgmh| |jlagch|

aixgca}gta|}g| wxh rhtea}atço wxh }jmj| cj| lfalj| q lfalg|# aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x jtaiho q

ljomalajoh| |jlagch|# gllhmgo g xoj| eåoaej| ljexoh| ho eg}htag| hmxlg}a~g|/ Ljo cg| lxgch|

rjmtço ma|ntx}gt mh cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh| rgtg fglht ntho}h g cg ~amg gmxc}g ho ihohtgc/ \ao

hedgtij cg thgcamgm oj| mhexh|}tg wxh h|j| h|nxht{j| aixgca}gta|}g| mh cj| |a|}heg| hmxlg}a~j| oj

glgdgo mh mgt cj| ntx}j| h|rhtgmj|# wxh |jo eç| daho mh|hj|# eç| wxh fhlfj|/ Rjtwxh cj|

fhlfj| oj| mhexh|}tgo |ao oaoiûo iáohtj mh mxmg# wxh hc oa~hc |jlajlxc}xtgc mh cg| ngeacag| h| eç|

wxh mh}hteaogo}h rgtg |gdht |a |x }tgqhl}jtag h|ljcgt h|}ç ho hc lgeaoj mhc áva}j j mhc ntglg|j/ Q g|å

cj fgo ~hoamj mhej|}tgomj manhtho}h| ao~h|}aiglajoh| mh rh|j wxh |h÷gcgo wxh# rjt exlfj wxh cg

H|lxhcg |h |h÷gch ljej aergtlagc q kx|}g# grcalgomj g }jmj hc gcxeogmj xo ea|ej rg}tüo lxc}xtgc#cj| th|xc}gmj| oj |jo rthla|geho}h cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh|# |aoj eç| daho cj ljo}tgtaj; cg

thrtjmxllaüo mh cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| |jlagch|/




Ehoj| gûo ho cg gl}xgcamgm mjomh# ljej |h÷gcg Hotawxh Måh{ &4229!# –hc nao mh cg hmxlglaüo h|}ç

|ahomj }tgo|njtegmj― # ljo|hlxholag| |jdth }jmj mh cg icjdgca{glaüo ohjcadhtgc/ –Ho hc }htthoj

hmxlg}a~j# cg ma|lx|aüo qg oj |h lho}tg ho lüej mh|gttjccgt xo lxttålxcj hegolargmjt dg|gmj ho xo

mh|gttjccj mh oxh|}tj gcxeogmj wxh ch igtgo}alh xog laxmgmgoåg rchog# xog rgt}alarglaüo thgc ho cgljo|}txllaüo mh xog |jlahmgm eç| kx|}g# |aoj ho xo lxttålxcj ho nxolaüo mhc ehtlgmj mh }tgdgkj

ljo hc nao mh aoltheho}gt cg ljerh}a}a~amgm ao}htoglajogc# cg igogolag///― /

Rhtj rjt |xht}h# ntho}h g h|}j# h|}ç |xtiahomj xog rhmgijiåg ltå}alg wxh |xiahth gc}htog}a~g| q

hvrhtaholag| hmxlg}a~g| wxh oj| fglho rho|gt wxh cg hmxlglaüo |h rxhmh cch~gt g lgdj mh|mh

xoj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| manhtho}h|/ Xog hmxlglaüo ljertjeh}amg ljo cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ljo cg

hwxamgm# ljo cg aolcx|aüo/ Xog hmxlglaüo lxqj jdkh}a~j h| njtegt rht|jog| rgtg wxh grthomgo g

ljo~a~at/

Ho h|}g hmxlglaüo*ljo~a~holag cj wxh ho}tg ho kxhij h| hc exomj mh cg| thcglajoh| ao}htrht|jogch|#mjomh hc xoa~ht|j mh cj| ~gcjth|# cg| gl}a}xmh|# cg| rthma|rj|alajoh|# |jo mh ~a}gc aerjt}golag# rhtj

oj jc~amhej| wxh h|}g| thcglajoh| |h mgo ho ljo}hv}j| j h|}txl}xtg| wxh ljomalajogo cg| ea|eg|/

Rjt }go}j# }go aerjt}go}h h| cg ejmanalglaüo mh h|}g| ûc}aeg| ljej cj| grthoma{gkh| rgtg

mh|gttjccgt h|g| thcglajoh| mh|mh rtaolaraj| mh th|rh}j# |jcamgtamgm q kx|}alag/

Ljo cg ejmanalglaüo |ücj mh cg| gl}a}xmh| oj ~gch# q ehoj| lxgomj h|}g| mh|lgo|go ûoalg q

hvlcx|a~geho}h |jdth cg dxhog ~jcxo}gm/ Cg hmxlglaüo gmwxahth |ho}amj lxgomj gmwxahth |x

~htmgmhtj lgtçl}ht hegolargmjt q hmxlg g cg| rht|jog| rgtg g|xeat |x rtj}gijoa|ej q hc

ljertjea|j rgtg dx|lgt cg| fhttgeaho}g| rgtg lgedagt |x rtjrag ~amg# cg mh cj| mheç| q hc exomj

ho hc wxh ~a~h/ Ho}jolh| h| lxgomj gmwxahth |x ~htmgmhtj |aioanalgmj cg hvrth|aüo; –hmxlgtoj|

rgtg xo exomj eç| kx|}j# |jcamgtaj q hwxa}g}a~j―# }gthg oj nçlac q ehoj| ho cj| }aherj| wxh ljttho/

Cg hmxlglaüo jdcaig}jtag# gc ehoj|# }homtåg wxh rth}homht ljej jdkh}a~j rtajta}gtaj# rtj~hht g }jmj

hc gcxeogmj mh cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| rgtg rjmht ~a~at q ljo~a~at ljo gx}jojeåg q maioamgm/ Cg

itgo manalxc}gm h|}ç ho wxh cg hnalaholag# }jegmg ljej rtaolaraj wxh ixåg cg| rjcå}alg| q cg| rtçl}alg|

hmxlg}a~g|# oj cj h|}ç rhtea}ahomj/ Rjt h|j ~g mhkgomj g }go}g iho}h rjt hc lgeaoj# q oj |ücj g xo

itgo oûehtj mh lfalj| q lfalg| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgmg|# hccj| |ücj |jo xog rgt}h/ Hc |a|}heg

hmxlg}a~j h|}ç mhkgomj g j}tg exlfg iho}h# |jdth }jmj rjtwxh hc ntglg|j h|ljcgt h|}ç mhej|}tgmj

wxh |h ho|g÷g ljo cj| eç| mádach|/

Gûo g|å fgigej| xo dth~h thrg|j mh lüej h|}ç nxolajogomj hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j lho}tçomjoj|

ho h|}j| lfalj| }jegmj| ho |x ljokxo}j/ ºLüej cj| }tg}g cg h|lxhcg# wxh thrth|ho}go rgtg hccg:

ºWxá |h fg fhlfj fg|}g gfjtg ho cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth| fglag hccj|: ºQ fglag cg ma~ht|amgm ho

ihohtgc: ºWxá ngc}g rjt fglht# wxá h| ohlh|gtaj lgedagt: \hixtj wxh oj fgq xog ûoalg th|rxh|}g#

rxh| lgmg lho}tj# lgmg cxigt# lgmg }htta}jtaj# h| manhtho}h q |htåg aokx|}j eh}ht g }jmj| ho hc ea|ej

|glj# rhtj cj ~jq g ao}ho}gt g|xeahomj cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh fgdcgt mh xo ihoátalj }go itgomh/






hmxlglaüo# hc }tgdgkj# cj| h|rglaj| mh jlaj q }aherj cadth# h}l/ \a h|}h thljojlaeaho}j oj fg

jlxttamj go}h| rjt rgt}h mh ao|}golag| jnalagch| h| rjtwxh h|}j| ehojth| q kü~hoh| htgo

thcg}a~geho}h rjlj| q*j h|}gdgo ho hc |a|}heg h|ljcgt j h|}gdgo ho hc exomj cgdjtgc naixtgomj

ljej gmxc}j|/ \jo oxh~g| ihohtglajoh| lxqj jdkh}a~j |h |a}ûg# mh xog egohtg exlfj eç|h~amho}h wxh rgtg |x| egqjth|# ho xog maoçealg mh rhtegoholag# rgt}alarglaüo q gm|ltarlaüo ho cg

|jlahmgm ho cg wxh |h fgo njtegmj j |h h|}ço njtegomj ljej rht|jog|/

Maoçealg| mh rhtegoholag# rgt}alarglaüo q gm|ltarlaüo wxh ohlh|gtageho}h oj| fglh thrcgo}hgt hc

}tg}j wxh h|}g |jlahmgm# ho ihohtgc# q h|}g h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt# ~ahoh mgomj g |x| rgmth| q

egmth|/ Cg eatgmg oj rxhmh |ht cg ea|eg oa rgtg hc exomj mh cg ao~h|}aiglaüo# oa mh cj|

rtjnh|ajogch| mh cj |jlagc q cg hmxlglaüo# oa rgtg cj| th|rjo|gdch| rjcå}alj|# oa rgtg cg |jlahmgm ho

ihohtgc/ \h÷gcj }th| lxh|}ajoh| aerjt}go}h| wxh# mh|mh ea rxo}j mh ~a|}g# |jo lcg~h| rgtg

thrho|gt h|}g thgcamgm; ho rtaeht cxigt# cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm q |jdth }jmj cg wxh

ng~jthlh hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j0 ho |hixomj cxigt# hc lgedaj mh rht|rhl}a~g mh|mh cg }hjtåg mhcmánala} g cg }hjtåg mhc áva}j0 q ho }htlht cxigt# oj ehoj| aerjt}go}h rjtwxh |xrjoh xog lxh|}aüo

ao}hitgc q }tgo|~ht|gc# cg rht|rhl}a~g mh iáohtj/

J| thea}j g mj| ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh oj| rxhmho gqxmgt g thrho|gt oxh|}tg| amhg| q oxh|}tg|

rtçl}alg|/ Cg rtaehtg mh Gehcag Dgtwxåo q cg |hixomg mh Kj|á Go}joaj Gchith q \ac~ag Lgttg|lj/ Q

|aixahomj ljo cg }üoalg mh h|}h mjlxeho}j ~jq g fglhtcj# mh oxh~j# ho lcg~h mh rthixo}g|/

ºLxçomj mhkgo mh |ht aoeaitgo}h| cj| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|:

Grhog| thljojlamj| h|}j| ehojth| q kü~hoh| ngc}go aolcx|j cg| lg}hijtåg| ljo cg| wxh ojedtgtch|/ H|

lxtaj|j wxh ljo cj| g÷j| wxh qg cch~g cg hvrhtaholag eaitg}jtag ho H|rg÷g# fgdahomj oglamj exlfj|

fakj| h fakg| mh rht|jog| wxh cchigtjo rjt rtaehtg ~h{# q lxgomj herh{gej| g fgdcgt mh |hixomg|

ihohtglajoh|# eh rthixo}j# ºfg|}g lxçomj:# ºfg|}g lxçomj |h |aixh |ahomj aoeaitgo}h:

Ljergt}j hc ao}httjigo}h q cg| manhtho}h| thnchvajoh| wxh Gehcag Dgtwxåo &4221! }tgo|ea}h ho |x

cûlamj gt}ålxcj q ljaolamj ljo hccg ho |x lthholag mh wxh |jo lxh|}ajoh| wxh wxahoh| }tgdgkgej| ho

h|}j| çeda}j| mhdhej| gdjtmgt q thnchvajogt }hoahomj ho lxho}g cj rtj~a|ajogc mh h|}j|

ljolhr}j|/ Rgtg eå# h|}j| lfalj| |jo rta~achiagmj| rjtwxh lgmg ~h{ h| eç| ljeûo wxh

rht}hoh{lgo g eç| mh xo ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc# q ho }jmj| hccj| |jo ljerh}ho}h|/ Gmwxahtho exlfj|hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| mh lxgcwxaht jtaiho |ao }hoht rjt wxá rhtmht |x rtjrag amho}amgm/

H|j h| cj aerjt}go}h# cg ohlh|amgm mh thnchvaüo ho }jtoj g cg amho}amgm mh oa÷j| q kü~hoh| q g cg nxolaüo

mh cg h|lxhcg q hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho |x ljo|}txllaüo/ H| h~amho}h wxh ljo hc }tg}geaho}j manhtholagmj wxh

ch rjmhej| mgt g }tg~á| mh cg| gl}a}xmh| q mh cg| rtçl}alg| lj}amagog|# ho dg|}go}h| jlg|ajoh| ch

h|}gej| }tgo|ea}ahomj xo eho|gkh ohig}a~j mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm# –fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|―# –mh gccå# mh

gwxå―/ Cj| lfalj| q lfalg| wxh ~a~ho ho h|}g |jlahmgm q rgt}alargo ho h|}g h|lxhcg ho}th j}tj| cxigth|#

|jo mh gwxå q# cg h|lxhcg ho rgt}alxcgt mhdhtåg nglaca}gt hc rtjlh|j mh aoljtrjtglaüo g cg |jlahmgm mh

gwxå# rjt |xrxh|}j mh|mh hc th|rh}j g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh |x rtjrag amho}amgm/

–Rgtg cg h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g# rjt }go}j# oj fgq oa÷j| cjlgch| q oa÷j| hv}tgokhtj|# oj fgq oa÷j| mh mho}tj

q oa÷j| mh nxhtg/ ]jmj| cj| oa÷j| |jo rtjraj|/ Q cjitgt wxh cj |aho}go g|å h| nxomgeho}gc―/




ºLxçch| |jo cg| lcg~h| mhc áva}j mh cg| lfalg| q cj| lfalj| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| q

mh ngeacag| ia}gog|:

Cg ao~h|}aiglaüo mh Kj|á Go}joaj Gchith q \ac~ag Lgttg|lj ljtth|rjomh g xog ao~h|}aiglaüo hortjnxomamgm |jdth cg| lfalg| q lfalj| ia}goj|# rhtj wxh h| dg|}go}h grcalgdch g lxgcwxaht eaojtåg#

ho h|}h lg|j# ho ljolth}j# g cg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h/ Rjt |xrxh|}j# |gc~gomj cg h|rhlanalamgm mh

lgmg xoj mh cj| ljchl}a~j|/

Ho rtaeht cxigt mhlat# wxh hc ljolhr}j mh iáohtj oj| thea}h g cg lxc}xtg rjtwxh g}tadxqh rgx}g| mh

ljerjt}geaho}j h|rhlånalg| |jlagceho}h ljo|}txamg| g fjedth| q exkhth|/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g mh

iáohtj oj| gqxmg g xo ehkjt ho}homaeaho}j mh cg thgcamgm# oj| ho|h÷g cg rcxtgcamgm mho}tj mh cg

ma~ht|amgm mh cj| ljo}hv}j| wxh ch| aoncxqho/ Cj| lgedaj| ho }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| h|}ço

rtj}gijoa{gmj| h|rhlagceho}h rjt exkhth| q gnhl}go g exkhth| q fjedth|# g lfalj| q lfalg|# |ao

jc~amgt wxh |h mgo mho}tj mh xo ljo}hv}j icjdgc mh thcglajoh|/

Xog ao~h|}aiglaüo mh Iüeh{%Dxhoj q gc}/ mhc 4224# la}gmj| rjt Gchith q Lgttg|lj grxo}g xo mg}j

|aioanalg}a~j; –cg| gcxeog| }ahoho egqjth| oa~hch| mh áva}j q ehojth| oa~hch| mh ma|txr}a~amgm q# |ao

mxmg# |x ljo}aoxamgm glgmáealg h| rtjrjtlajogceho}h |xrhtajt g cg mh cj| gcxeoj|# |a }hohej| ho

lxho}g |x aoljergtgdcheho}h rhjt |a}xglaüo mh ngeacag| q ljexoamgmh|―

]jmj hccj oj| cch~g g mj| ljo|amhtglajoh|; cg ohlh|amgm mh thljo|amhtgt cg |xrxh|}g

hvlhrlajogcamgm mhc áva}j q ljo}aoxamgm ho}th cg| lfalg| q cg| exkhth| ia}gog| q# ho |hixomj cxigt#

cg ma|rjoadacamgm q hc aergl}j thcg}a~j| mh cj| thlxt|j| mhrhomaho}h| mh cg| gl}xglajoh| rjcå}alg|

mh|}aogmg| g ia}goj|# aoeaitgo}h| q*j iho}h mh lcg|h| rjdth| ho ihohtgc/ \h fglh# rxh|# lgmg ~h{

eç| xtiho}h; rtjnxoma{gt ho hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| ljomalajoh| wxh ng~jthlho hc áva}j q cg

ljo}aoxamgm hmxlg}a~g q |x aoncxholag ho cj| rtjlh|j| mh lgedaj| |jlajlxc}xtgch|/

Cg ljolcx|aüo ihohtgc mh manhtho}h| gx}jth| h| mjdch# cg| lxgch| ljergt}j rchogeho}h; mho}tj mh

h|}j| itxrj| mh gcxeoj| fgq xog rtjrjtlaüo mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo th|xc}gmj| glgmáealj|

hvlhcho}h|# wxh g ehoxmj |h aiojtgo q oj |at~ho rgtg ljedg}at cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|

gc}geho}h tglagca{gmj| rtjqhl}gmj| |jdth hc th|}j mhc gcxeogmj0 q ho |hixomj cxigt# |a oj fgq

oaoixog ao}ht~holaüo mhlamamg q |j|}hoamg# cg }homholag gl}xgc goxolag xo gxeho}j mh h|}g|

mh|aixgcmgmh| ho hc nx}xtj rjtwxh cg aoeho|g egqjtåg mh cj| th|rjo|gdch| hmxlg}a~j| cjlgch| oj|h }jego |htageho}h cj| hnhl}j| mh cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo tglagc/

Ho j}tg| rgcgdtg|# qg h|}gej| }gtmgomj ho aoljtrjtgt h|g rht|rhl}a~g mh iáohtj mh egohtg ao}hitgc

rgtg ~a|adaca{gt g cg ea}gm mh cg rjdcglaüo/ Mheg|agmj fhej| }gtmgmj ho mh|lxdtat g cg| exkhth| mho}tj

mh cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| lxgomj fgo thrth|ho}gmj xo itgo rtj}gijoa|ej mho}tj mh cj| ea|ej|/

Rjt j}tj cgmj# qg h|}ç daho mh madxkgt |aherth xog thgcamgm mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g }go ohig}a~g

|gdahomj lüej |jo cg| lj|g| wxh oj nxolajogo ho }jmj| h|}j| rtjlh|j|# rgtg lgedagt g xog

rht|rhl}a~g mh |gdht wxh lxgomj cg| lj|g| nxolajogo# fgq iho}h wxh }ahoh }tgqhl}jtag| mh áva}j q

|jdth }jmj |gdht rjt wxá/ Rgtgntg|hgomj g Vg~aht Dh|gcû &4272!; Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc#

aolcx|a~g q ljhmxlg}a~g h| xo rtjqhl}j mh áva}j h|ljcgt# rht|jogc q |jlagc/




=%% Gcixoj| rxo}j| mh rgt}amg; cg ao}hitglaüo# ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm h aolcx|aüo

Cj| th}j| wxh h|}j| lfalj| q lfalg| rcgo}hgo g cg| |jlahmgmh| mh gljiamg oj |ücj hvaiho hcgdjtgt

xo ma|lxt|j ljfhtho}h# rjcå}algeho}h ljtthl}j# wxh ng~jth{lg cg aolcx|aüo ex}xg ho}th cg |jlahmgmmh gljiamg q cj| aoeaitgo}h|# }go}j aoma~amxgc ljej ljchl}a~geho}h# |aoj wxh hvaiho wxh |h

rjoigo ho egtlfg rcgoh| q rjcå}alg| ljfhtho}h| q h|}gdch| wxh grjqho malfg aolcx|aüo q wxh |at~go

rgtg cxlfgt ljo}tg cj| tah|ij| mh cg egtiaoglaüo q cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo/

Rhtj oj |jo cj| ûoalj| th}j|; rgtg wxh xog |jlahmgm cchixh g |ht thgceho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc# ao}hitgmjtg#

aolcx|a~g# }jmj| cj| itxrj| wxh cg ao}hitgo mhdho h|}gt ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm# |hg lxgc |hg |x

lxc}xtg/ H| ohlh|gtaj wxh |h ljedaoho exlfj| h|nxht{j| wxh aercawxho gc ljokxo}j mh cg |jlahmgm/ H|

manålac rjmht g~go{gt |a |h mataiho h|}j| h|nxht{j|# ûoalgeho}h# fglag xog mh cg| rgt}h| aercalgmg|# h|

mhlat# |ücj ljo cj| –itxrj| egqjta}gtaj|― j |ücj ljo cj| –itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|―/

Cj wxh h| h~amho}h h| wxh h|}j| th}j| fgo fhlfj exlfj eç| h~amho}h wxh ~a~aej| ho xog

|jlahmgm mjomh cg rcxtgcamgm lxc}xtgc h| xog ljo|}go}h; h| xo fhlfj atthnx}gdch/ Ho cj| lho}tj|

h|ljcgth|# cg rth|holag mh lfalj| q lfalg| mh –j}tg| lxc}xtg|― |h fg fhlfj ~a|adch ho cj| ûc}aej|

g÷j|; h| xog thgcamgm aoohigdch/ J}tg lj|g daho manhtho}h |jo cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ao}ht~holaüo wxh |h

hcgdjtgo q cch~go g cg rtçl}alg go}h h|}g| h~amholag|/ Rjt h|j h| aerjt}go}h mhnaoat lcgtgeho}h

gcixog| lxh|}ajoh| |jdth cg| wxh ra~j}go cj| rcgoh| q rtjqhl}j| |jlagch| q hmxlg}a~j|/

ºMh wxá }arj mh ao}hitglaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g h|}gej| fgdcgomj:

Cg ao}hitglaüo hmxlg}a~g mhdh |ht xog mh cg| rtajtamgmh| mhc nx}xtj/ Fg|}g gfjtg |ücj cg|

ljerh}holag| caoióå|}alg| q cg gmwxa|alaüo mh xo oa~hc mh h|}xmaj| |xnalaho}h fgo ljo|}a}xamj cj|

jdkh}a~j| eç| aerjt}go}h| rgtg ljo|hixat xog dxhog ao}hitglaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g/ \ao eaox|~gcjtgt

oaoixoj mh cj| cjitj| ljo|hixamj| ho h|}h |ho}amj fg|}g gfjtg# ljo|amhtgej| wxh gûo wxhmg

exlfj rjt lgeaogt ho hc grtj~hlfgeaho}j mh }jmg| cg| rj|adacamgmh| wxh cg hmxlglaüo holahttg

ljej ngl}jt mh ao}hitglaüo q oj |ücj mh cj| fakj| h fakg| mh aoeaitgo}h|# |aoj }gedaáo mh cg|

rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| q mh cg rjdcglaüo h|rg÷jcg/ Wxhmg exlfj rjt gomgt rgtg wxh cg hmxlglaüo

rxhmg ljo|}a}xat|h ljej xoj| mh cj| ngl}jth| eç| thch~go}h| ho cg cxlfg ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc

q ho rtj mh cg ao}hitglaüo/

Xog ao}hitglaüo# ljo|amhtgmg mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g exc}amaeho|ajogc# mjomh cj| ma|}ao}j|

çeda}j| mh cg ea|eg |h holxho}tgo ao}htthcglajogmj|# mjomh cj| th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| ho xoj mh

hccj| thnxht{g lgmg xoj mh cj| mh j}tj|/ Ho}homamg h|}g ljej rtjlh|j damathllajogc# cj lxgc jdcaig g

mataiat cj| h|nxht{j| rjt aixgc }go}j fglag cg ohlh|amgm mh ao}hitgt g cj| aoeaitgo}h|# ljej fglag cg|

gl}a}xmh| mh cg| |jlahmgmh| thlhr}jtg|# mh |x| laxmgmgoj|# |x| h|}txl}xtg| q |x| jtigoa{glajoh|/

Cg ao}hitglaüo }tg}gmg ho |x }j}gcamgm# gdjig rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh aoljtrjtgt g cj| aoeaitgo}h| ho

}jmj| cj| g|rhl}j| mh cg |jlahmgm# aolcxamj| cj| çeda}j| lå~alj# lxc}xtgc q rjcå}alj# q cg hmxlglaüo

ljej xoj eç|/ Xog hmxlglaüo# ho}homamg ljej hc ao|}txeho}j dç|alj wxh oj| rhtea}atç egohkgt

h|}h th}j# |a h| ljolhdamg mh|mh xog maeho|aüo ljexoa}gtag/

Cg| rht|jog| oj| ej~hej| ho eûc}arch| ljo}hv}j|# h|lxhcg# ngeacag# g|jlaglajoh| q lho}tj| mh

}aherj cadth# ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo# q ho }jmj| hccj| oj| hmxlgej|/ Cj| mh|}aog}gtaj| q




mh|}aog}gtag| mh cg jtaho}glaüo mh cg hmxlglaüo ho h|}j| oxh~j| h|lhogtaj| hmxlg}a~j| |jej|

}jmj| q }jmg|/ ]hoht ho lxho}g h|j| manhtho}h| ljo}hv}j| oj| cch~g g egohkgtoj| ljo xo ljolhr}j

mh hmxlglaüo wxh ~g eç| gccç mhc |a|}heg mh hmxlglaüo njtegc# lxqg egqjt th|rjo|gdacamgm |h cg

g|aiogej| gc ho}jtoj h|lxhcg/ Xog hmxlglaüo wxh |h mg g cj cgtij mh }jmg cg ~amg# xog hmxlglaüorjt }go}j mh oa÷j|# kü~hoh| j gmxc}j|# ljolhdamg }gedaáo ho |x |ho}amj eç| nxolajogc# ljej

lgrgla}glaüo rtjnh|ajogc rgtg h|}j| ûc}aej|# qg wxh h|}g rxhmh kxigt xo rgrhc aerjt}go}h rgtg hc

g|lho|j |jlagc mh lxgcwxaht rht|jog/ Rgtg exlfg| rht|jog| cj wxh h|}ç ho kxhij oj h| cg

ljo}aoxamgm |aoj xog |hixomg jrjt}xoamgm qg wxh hc áva}j j ntglg|j mh cg ao}hitglaüo mhrhomh

|jdth }jmj mh cjitgt xog ehkjt |a}xglaüo hljoüealg/

Xog hmxlglaüo }gedaáo mh|mh cg h|lxhcg# fjq ho måg xoj mh cj| h|rglaj| lg|a ûoalj ho}th rht|jog|

mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| mjomh cg rth|holag exc}alxc}xtgc |h fglh eç| h~amho}h/ Cg h|lxhcg# ljej

çeda}j rthnhtho}h mh ao}htgllajoh| ljo}aoxgmg| q cxigt mh rjcå}alg| h|rhlånalg|# wxh |a ljo|aixh

|xrhtgt cj| h|}hthj}arj| wxh rth|ajogo |jdth hccg |h }tgo|njtegtç ho xo cxigt lcg~h rgtg hcgrthoma{gkh mh cg ljo~a~holag# maogea{gmjt mh rtjlh|j| mh ao}hitglaüo/ Rhtj rgtg wxh }jmj hccj |h

fgig hnhl}a~j# h| ohlh|gtaj q nxomgeho}gc cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg ea|eg# mh }jmj hc |a|}heg

hmxlg}a~j ho gcij wxh |hg cj |xnalaho}heho}h gercaj ljej rgtg wxh thgceho}h }jmj hc exomj

rxhmg cjitgt hc áva}j glgmáealj# |ao thoxolagt g xog dxhog njteglaüo wxh rthrgth gc gcxeogmj

rgtg ~a~at ho |jlahmgm ljo lgcamgm/ Cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg ea|eg }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo lxh|}ajoh| oj

h|}tal}geho}h }áloalg| j rhmgiüialg|# |aoj h|holagceho}h rjcå}alg| q lxc}xtgch| dg|gmg| ho hc

mh|gttjccj mh cj| rtaolaraj| mh kx|}alag q hwxamgm/ Xog }tgo|njteglaüo hoegtlgmg mho}tj mh xo

ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j mhejltç}alj# aolcx|a~j q hegolargmjt# hc ûoalj lgrg{ mh cch~gt g lgdj xog

hmxlglaüo dg|gmg ho rtaolaraj| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# aolcx|aüo# njtegmjtg mh oxh~j|

laxmgmgoj| q laxmgmgog|/

Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ho}homamg ljej nglaca}gmjtg mh thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| rj|a}a~g| q mhc

thljojlaeaho}j q th|rh}j rjt cg| amho}amgmh| manhtholagmg|# h| mhlat aixgcmgm ho hc |ho}amj eç|

rtjnxomj# q mh maçcjij q rgt}alarglaüo ho cg ~amg |jlagc q rûdcalg rth|ho}h# q ho cg hcgdjtglaüo mh cj|

rtjqhl}j| ljchl}a~j| mh nx}xtj# h| mhlat ljo~a~holag thgc wxh oj ljhva|}holag j }jchtgolag/

Mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g mh cg aolcx|aüo# |h }tg}g mh dx|lgt th|rxh|}g| g cg| |a}xglajoh| mh

mh|aixgcmgm q hvlcx|aüo rgtg wxh cg hmxlglaüo rxhmg |ht~at g }jmj| q g }jmg|/ Cj wxh |h mhojeaog

h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g }ahoh exlfj wxh ~ht ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo q ljo wxh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| }hoigo cg|ea|eg| rj|adacamgmh| mh áva}j/ Cg h|lxhcg# ljej h|rglaj rgtg grthomht g ljo~a~at q |ht

laxmgmgoj| q g th|jc~ht*thixcgt ljoncal}j|/ Cg h|lxhcg mhdh tha~aomalgt |x rgrhc njteg}a~j ho

h|}g çthg rgtg at }hkahomj xog |jlahmgm ljo ehkjth| lj}g| mh ljo~a~holag/

H|}j| mhdho |ht cj| itgomh| jdkh}a~j| g cjitgt q hc th|}j |jo ehmaj| rgtg gclgo{gtcj|; cg|

eh}jmjcjiåg| mh }tgdgkj# cj| ehmagmjth| |jlagch| ao}htlxc}xtgch|# cj| hwxarj| mh ehmaglaüo# cj|

|a|}heg| mh gqxmg ho}th aixgch|# cj| rcgoh| mh gljiamg# hc }tgdgkj ljo ngeacag|# h}l/

\ao ehoj|lgdgt cg aerjt}golag mh cg h|lxhcg# lxgomj fgdcgej| mh hmxlglaüo fjq ho måg oj|

rgthlh eç| glht}gmj h|}gt rho|gomj }gedaáo ho j}tg| thgcamgmh| mjomh }gedaáo |h cch~go g lgdjrtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j|# ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| exlfj eç| ljohl}gmj| ljo cj lj}amagoj q ljo cg|

ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| wxh rgt}alargo ho hccj|/ Cg hmxlglaüo rxhmh cchigt g |ht xo ngl}jt mh






aonjtegch| mh kü~hoh| wxh mh|gttjccgo rtjqhl}j| j gl}a~amgmh| mh goaeglaüo q }aherj cadth wxh |h

lgtgl}hta{go rjt cg dû|wxhmg mh gc}htog}a~g| q |jcxlajoh| g cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |jlagceho}h

rthjlxrgo q wxh ~ahoho jnht}gomj xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj h ao}htlgedaj mjomh cj ao}htlxc}xtgc

jlxrg xo h|rglaj aerjt}go}h mho}tj mhc ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| q gl}a~amgmh| wxh cch~go g lgdj/

H|}j| çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc }aherj cadth q mh cg goaeglaüo |jlajlxc}xtgc |jo h|rhlagceho}h

|aioanalg}a~j| rjt cg nchvadacamgm q cg lgrglamgm mh ihohtgt thcglajoh| q rgt}alarglaüo/ \jo h|rglaj|

amüohj| rgtg cg ljo~a~holag q hc grthoma{gkh mh ~gcjth| wxh |h |x|}ho}go ho hc th|rh}j# cg aixgcmgm q

cg |jcamgtamgm# rgtg ao}ht~hoat ho rtjlh|j| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh|mh hccj| |h ~ahoho gdtahomj

thnchvajoh| q thgca{gomj rtjrxh|}g| eh}jmjcüialg| ljolth}g| wxh nglaca}go hc }tgdgkj mh

ao}ht~holaüo ljo aoeaitgo}h| q gx}ül}joj|/ Ho h|}j| h|rglaj| lgmg ~h{ |jo eç| cg| rht|jog|

rthjlxrgmg| rjt }tgdgkgt ho xo ejmhcj mh ljo~a~holag# mjomh ehojth| q kü~hoh| rgt}alarho ljo

cg| ea|eg| jrjt}xoamgmh| ho cj| çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| q |jlagch| mhc }aherj cadth/

>%% Cg h|lxhcg q j}tj| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|; ºwxá }hohej|# wxá oj| ngc}g q wxá oj| |jdtg:

Ljej thnhtho}h }hohej| xo dxho oûehtj mh hvrhtaholag| ho xo ljokxo}j mh rgå|h| wxh fgo

ljojlamj mh|mh fglh }aherj hc nhoüehoj# rhtj |jdth }jmj ho }htta}jtaj| lhtlgoj| mjomh |h fgo

mh|gttjccgmj h|}tg}hiag| mh g}holaüo h|ljcgt h|rhlånalg| rgtg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h hv}tgokhtg/

Ljo}gt# gogca{gt q ~gcjtgt h|h ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| oj| gqxmg g g~go{gt gcixog| ra|}g| mh ho wxá

ejeho}j oj| holjo}tgej| ljo th|rhl}j g cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| ho lxgo}j g

cj hmxlg}a~j# ho xo |ho}amj gercaj# q ho wxá ejeho}j |h holxho}tg oxh|}tj |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j mh

egohtg eç| rgt}alxcgt/ H| ea ao}holaüo rjmht thnchvajogt |jdth gcixoj| g|rhl}j| |jdth cj| wxh

ljo|amhtj aerjt}go}h mh}hohtoj| rgtg |gdht ho wxá |ho}amj h|}gej| }tgo|njtegomj oxh|}tg

h|lxhcg q |jlahmgm# rgtg gclgo{gt egqjth| lj}g| mh kx|}alag q mh aixgcmgm/

Mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g lxgo}a}g}a~g# |hiûo hc g~golh h|}gmå|}alj thgca{gmj rjt hc Eaoa|}htaj mh

Hmxlglaüo q Laholag# hc ta}ej mh lthlaeaho}j mh aoljtrjtglaüo gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j mhc gcxeogmj

njtegmj rjt fakj| h fakg| mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h|# fg |amj ljo}aoxj/ Xo aonjteh mhc Lho}tj mh

Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Mjlxeho}glaüo Hmxlg}a~g &LAMH# 4228! grjt}g xog ~a|aüo rgojtçealg mh cgrth|holag mh gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho cg gxcg| h|rg÷jcg| cchigomj g cg ljolcx|aüo mh cg rtjith|aüo

lthlaho}h mh á|}h dç|algeho}h ho cg Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag q ljo rj|adch aoltheho}j ho cg H\J ho cj|

rtüvaej| g÷j|/ Xo gcxeogmj egqjta}gtageho}h rtjlhmho}h mh Geátalg mhc \xt# ma|}tadxamj mh

egohtg mh|aixgc |hiûo Ljexoamgmh| Gx}üojeg| q h|ljcgta{gmj “xo 98( mh h|}h gcxeogmj% ho

lho}tj| rûdcalj|/ Th|rhl}j g cg Igtgo}åg \jlagc# cg rtjith|aüo ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| mhc gcxeogmj

hv}tgokhtj wxh fg lxt|gmj h|}j| rtjitgeg| fg |amj |jtrthomho}h# h|rhlagceho}h g rgt}at mhc lxt|j

4224%422</

Rgt}aej| mh wxh cg rth|holag mh gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ho cg| h|lxhcg|# ho cg rtçl}alg# fg

lthgmj exq rjlj| rtjdcheg| oxh~j| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# rhtj |ao hedgtij }ahoh cg ~at}xm mhfgdht fhlfj eç| itgomh| q h~amho}h| cj| rtjdcheg| oj th|xhc}j| q g÷gmamj oxh~g| manalxc}gmh| g

cg }gthg mh ljo|}txllaüo mh xog hmxlglaüo mh lgcamgm rgtg }jmj| q rgtg }jmg|/ Gûo g|å |h




ego}ahoho honjwxh| exq th|}taoiamj| dg|gmj| ho cj –rtjdcheç}alj― mh cg rth|holag mh itgo rgt}h

mh h|}h gcxeogmj/ Cg }hjtåg mhc mánala}# g|jlagmg oj |ücj gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h# |aoj }gedaáo g

j}tg| eaojtåg|# h| cj wxh rthmjeaog/ Cg| manalxc}gmh| rcgo}hgmg| |h thnahtho }go |ücj g xog rgt}h mh

cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# oj g }jmj| cj| eahedtj| wxh ljerjoho cg ea|eg/

H| laht}j wxh# ho }áteaoj| ihohtgch|# fhej| g~go{gmj exlfj ho eg}htagch|# rtjitgeg|#

gl}xglajoh|# h}l/# |jdth }jmj ho gwxhccg| wxh }ahoho ljej rtajtamgm cg |ho|adaca{glaüo# hc mh|gttjccj

mh h|}tg}hiag| wxh dtaomho cg jrjt}xoamgm mh ~a~holagt ~gcjth| mh th|rh}j# maçcjij# h}l/ Rhtj

thgceho}h |h fg g~go{gmj rjlj ho thcglaüo g cj| lgedaj| ho lxgo}j g ehmamg| jtigoa{g}a~g| mh

cj| lho}tj|# }tgo|njteglajoh| mhc lxttålxcj# j grtj~hlfgeaho}j mh j}tg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| oj

njtegch| cch~gmg| g lgdj ho hc ho}jtoj mh cj| lho}tj|/

>/7%% Gcixog| raolhcgmg| mh cj wxh |h h|}ç fglahomj ho cg h|lxhcg/

G h|}g| gc}xtg| mhc lgeaoj h| aoihoxj rho|gt wxh cj| ûoalj| |xkh}j| mh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

}ahoho wxh |ht cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| q |x| fakg| h fakj|/ Oj |jo hccg| wxahoh| }ahoho cg rtaolargc

th|rjo|gdacamgm ho cg maoçealg mh }tgo|njteglajoh|# cg rj|adacamgm q th|rjo|gdacamgm egqjt h|}ço

ho egoj| mh wxahoh| }ahoho hc rjmht mh lgedagt cg| thcglajoh| q cj| ljo}hv}j|# nxomgeho}gceho}h

mh wxahoh| }ahoho hc rjmht mh gmeaoa|}tgt cj| manhtho}h| thlxt|j| rûdcalj|/ Rjt h|j ljo oxh|}tg

eatgmg rth}homhej| at eç| gccç mh cg g}holaüo h|rhlånalg g h|}g| ngeacag| q g |x| fakg| h fakj|/

%% Cg| gl}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg| ho cg| h|lxhcg| q ho cg| gxcg| fglag cg

rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h hv}tgokhtg

Mjomh |h fgo fhlfj eç| h|nxht{j| hljoüealj| q rht|jogch|# }go}j mh|mh cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh|

ljej mh|mh cg| rtjrag| h|lxhcg|# h| ho nglaca}gt hc grthoma{gkh mh cg| choixg| jnalagch| g cj|

gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj/ Cg h|}tg}hiag eç| fgda}xgc fg |amj cg mh gm|ltadatch|# rjt xo }aherj

caea}gmj# g gxcg| h|rhlånalg| wxh }ahoho ljej jdkh}a~j rtaehtj wxh gmwxahtgo xo mjeaoaj

ljexoalglajogc eåoaej mh cg choixg mhc rgå|/ H|}g| gxcg| mh daho~hoamg j mh gljiamg ljo|a|}ho ho

xog aoeht|aüo caoióå|}alg wxh ojtegceho}h nxolajogo daho# hc rtjdcheg |h rtjmxlh gc |gcat/

Rg|g gcij rgthlamj ljo cg hmxlglaüo ljerho|g}jtag; lxgomj cj| lfalj| ljo manalxc}gmh| }tgdgkgo

ho itxrj| thmxlamj| q fjejiáohj| ljo dxhoj| rtjnh|jth| &cg egqjtåg mh cj| wxh }tgdgkgo ljo

hccj|! nxolajogo daho# rhtj gc |gcat gc itxrj mh thnhtholag |h rahtmho/ Rxhmh |ht xog }ta|}h eh}çnjtg

mh cg ao|htlaüo ho cg |jlahmgm |ao xog| ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm q mh kx|}alag/ ]jmg cg g}holaüo

h|rhlånalg &rjt choixg ma|}ao}g gc aoljtrjtgt|h gc |a|}heg# rjt h|ljcgtamgm rth~ag rthlgtag j

|a|}heg| manhtho}h|# rjt manalxc}gmh| aoma~amxgch| mh grthoma{gkh ntho}h gc lxttålxcxe# h}l/! |h fg

mh|gttjccgmj fg|}g gfjtg |hithigmgeho}h# nxhtg mh cg| gxcg| jtmaogtag|0 |ao hedgtij# cg

ao~h|}aiglaüo aomalg wxh h| eç| hnalg{ mho}tj mh cg| ea|eg|# ljo rht|jogc mh grjqj gc }x}jt/

Ljo th|rhl}j g cj| gcxeoj| –fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|― mh aoljtrjtglaüo }gtmåg gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# hcrtjdcheg wxh eç| rthjlxrg h| hc mhc grthoma{gkh mh cg choixg ~hfalxcgt mh cg h|lxhcg/ Ho h|}j|

lg|j| cj wxh ehkjt h|}ç nxolajogomj h| xo grthoma{gkh ao}ho|a~j q glhchtgmj# rgtg cj lxgc oj |aherth




hva|}ho cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| wxh igtgo}alho xog h|ljcgta{glaüo cj eç| ojtegca{gmg rj|adch/ Cg|

manhtho}h| ao~h|}aiglajoh| }gedaáo fgo rxh|}j mh thcah~h cg aerjt}golag wxh }ahoh# rgtg xog dxhog

ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt mh cj| gcxeoj| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj# hc }hoht ho lxho}g cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogch| q

hejlajogch|/ Rjt h|j# gl}xgceho}h# ho }jmg| cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh gljiamg# h|}j| }ahoho xo rgrhc }gothch~go}h ljej cj| g|rhl}j| mh lgtçl}ht caoióå|}alj/ Ho cg rht|rhl}a~g mh rtjej~ht cg aixgcmgm mh

jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g|# ljo~ahoh wxh cj| |a|}heg| hmxlg}a~j| oj ma|ltaeaoho mh fhlfj g cj|

h|}xmago}h| mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# gcixoj| ohlh|a}gtço grjqj| h|rhlagca{gmj|#

lxgomj cj| thwxahtgo# eç| rjt |x ljomalaüo |jlagc wxh rjt |x jtaiho lxc}xtgc/

H| laht}j wxh hc |a|}heg h|ljcgt h|rg÷jc igtgo}a{g hc gllh|j g cg hmxlglaüo mh }jmj| cj| oa÷j| q

oa÷g| ho hmgmh| mh h|ljcgtamgm jdcaig}jtag# rhtj hva|}ho j}tj| exlfj| ljomalajogo}h| wxh

aoncxqho rgtg wxh oj }jmj| ma|ntx}ho mh h|}h dhohnalaj/ H| xo itgo th}j ma|}aoixat cj| jd|}çlxcj| wxh

gcixoj| gcxeoj| |h h|}ço holjo}tgomj rgtg gllhmht g cg Ho|h÷go{g \hlxomgtag j g h|}xmaj|

xoa~ht|a}gtaj| rgtg holjo}tgt cg| h|}tg}hiag| wxh gqxmho g |xrhtgtcj|/ \xrjoh }gedaáo xo itgo th}j}tgo|njtegt cg rhtlhrlaüo wxh |h }ahoh ljo th|rhl}j gc gd|ho}a|ej q ntglg|j h|ljcgt mh gcxeogmj

mh ljchl}a~j| eaojta}gtaj| ihohtgceho}h |h÷gcgomj cg| lgx|g| mh cj| ea|ej| ljej hv}htog| gc

lho}tj q gc |a|}heg/ H| laht}j wxh# g rh|gt mh cj| h|nxht{j| rjt ljedg}at cg mh|aixgcmgm mh

mh}hteaogmj| |hl}jth| |jlagch| q eaojtåg| á}oalg|# hc oa~hc mh áva}j h| thgceho}h ehojt# rhtj h|

ohlh|gtaj gogca{gt }jmj| cj| ngl}jth| wxh aoncxqho ho hccj# h|rhlagceho}h gwxhccj| thcglajogmj| ljo

hc ljo}hv}j |jlajhljoüealj ho hc wxh }ahoh cxigt cg h|ljcgta{glaüo/ Ho H|rg÷g# oj fgq

ao~h|}aiglajoh| wxh grjt}ho mg}j| hvrcalg}a~j| ho h|}h |ho}amj/

Ho manhtho}h| ljexoamgmh| gx}üojeg| |h fgo rxh|}j ho nxolajogeaho}j |ht~alaj| mh }tgmxl}jth|

q mh ehmagmjth| ao}htlxc}xtgch| h|rhlagceho}h rgtg nglaca}gt cg g}holaüo mh cg| ngeacag| mh gcxeogmj

aoeaitgo}h q }gedaáo# ho h|}g ea|eg cåohg# lgmg ~h{ eç| ljeaho{go g h|}gdchlht|h glxhtmj| ljo

ho}amgmh| j g|jlaglajoh| wxh ng~jth{lgo cg ao}hitglaüo ho cj| çeda}j| h|ljcgt q |jlagc/

%% Hc honjwxh ao}htlxc}xtgc mh cg hmxlglaüo q cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho

cj| lho}tj|

Ho }áteaoj| ihohtgch| fhej| g~go{gmj ho lxgo}j gc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhc

gcxeogmj rth|ho}h ho cj| lho}tj|# ho rgt}h itglag| g cg rth|holag mh gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h/ Cg

~gcjtglaüo mhc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc ljej xo ~gcjt g rtjej~ht h| xo fhlfj wxh h|}ç rth|ho}h hoexlfj| rtjqhl}j| mh lho}tj q ho cg| ao}holajoh| hmxlg}a~g|/ Cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh }jmj hccj h|

xog thgcamgm g ~hlh| exq gchkgmg mh h|j| rtaolaraj| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc mataiamg fglag hc

ljokxo}j mh cg rjdcglaüo h|ljcgt/ Cj wxh oj| holjo}tgej| ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| |jo ehmamg| q

rtjitgeg| hvlcx|a~geho}h ljerho|g}jtaj| mataiamj| h|rhlagceho}h fglag hc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h/

Cg| |jcxlajoh| mgmg| rjt cj| rtjraj| lho}tj| q grjqgmg| rjt cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|

|jo g|aeacglajoa|}g| q oj lgedago hc rcgo}hgeaho}j ihohtgc mh cg h|lxhcg# |aoj wxh |h ego}ahoh ljej

fjejihoha{gmjtg# dg|gmg ho xo ejmhcj mh |hchllaüo ljerh}a}a~j q hca}a|}g/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh|#

cg| h|lxhcg|# chkj| mh njeho}gt xog hwxamgm ho jrjt}xoamgmh| ma~ht|g|# rtjexh~ho xog |jlahmgm ho

mjomh fgq rjlj| igogmjth| q exlfg| rht|jog| rhtmhmjtg| gmgr}gmg|# h|j gnhl}g oj |jcgeho}h gc

gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h |aoj }gedaáo gc gcxeogmj gx}ül}joj/ Cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho hc gxcg|aixh |ahomj xog g|aiog}xtg rhomaho}h# gxowxh ho h|}h lg|j oj |ücj rgtg cj| aoeaitgo}h| |aoj rgtg

lxgcwxaht gcxeoj wxh |h |gch rjt gdgkj j rjt gttadg mh cg ehmag/ Fg|}g gfjtg rjmhej| mhlat wxh fg




fgdamj rjlj| lgedaj|# exlfj| mh hccj| |jo ntx}j mhc rtjraj ljo}gl}j# cg h|lxhcg ho h|}h |ho}amj h|

xo cxigt rta~achiagmj# rhtj g ~hlh| ljo xo cgtij lgeaoj rjt thljttht/

Xoj mh cj| itgomh| th}j| |aixh |ahomj gmhlxgt hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j g cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmjih|}ajogomj gmhlxgmgeho}h malfg ma~ht|amgm q njeho}gomj cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q

ljerh}holag| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh ejeho}j# ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h fgo amj rtjmxlahomj

gcixoj| lgedaj| eh}jmjcüialj| q jtigoa{g}a~j| rgtg g}homht cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj mh

cg| h|}tg}hiag| herchgmg| rgtg g}homht ljo lgcamgm cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmj/ Rjt hc ljo}tgtaj#

cj| lgedaj| ho lxgo}j g jdkh}a~j| q ljo}hoamj| mhc rtjqhl}j lxc}xtgc fgo |amj ehojth| q ljo xo

lgtçl}ht aolamho}gc j gohlmü}alj/

Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| hc rtjnh|jtgmj rhtladh }jmj h|}j ljej xo rtjdcheg# rhtj oj |h |gdh exq

daho lüej gntjo}gtcj/ Fgq ao}htá| q |ho|adacamgm g|å ljej g ~hlh| xo itgo ~jcxo}gta|ej# rhtj

}gedaáo mh|ljojlaeaho}j/ Hlfgej| mh ehoj|# ho hc rht|jogc mjlho}h# hc ao}htá| rjt ljojlht mhgcixog egohtg cj| rcgoh| lxttalxcgth| mh cj| rgå|h| hea|jth| mh aoeaitgo}h| q fgq rjlj h|nxht{j

ho mhdg}at cj| gl}xgch| rtjitgeg| j g}th~aeaho}j rgtg thgca{gt lgedaj| eç| rtjralaj| rgtg gntjo}gt

h|}g thgcamgm/ Oj |h rxhmho grcalgt cj| ea|ej| ejcmh| g xog thgcamgm }go lgedago}h# }homtåg wxh

fgdht egqjt nchvadacamgm/ Gûo wxhmg exlfj rjt fglht ho lxgo}j g cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh

ehmamg| jtigoa{g}a~g| q lxttalxcgth| wxh nglaca}ho cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg h|lxhcg ho h|rglaj mh

ljexoalglaüo# ljo~a~holag h ao}hitglaüo ho hc ho}jtoj/

Cg ljexoalglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag| |xhch |ht rjlg q lg|a |aherth ho xo |ho}amj xoamathllajogc/ H|

laht}j wxh exlfj| rgmth| q egmth| aoeaitgo}h| ljcgdjtgo exq rjlj ljo hc lho}tj mhdamj g |x|

fjtgtaj|# rhtj }gedaáo rg|g ljo rgmth| mh gx}ül}joj|/ Cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth| mhdho }jegt eç|

aoalag}a~g| go}h thgcamgmh| wxh mh|ljojlho; ºrjt wxá oj dx|lgo glhtlgt g cj| rgmth| aoeaitgo}h|#

wxh }ahoho exlfj wxh grjt}gt mh |x| hvrhtaholag| q }ahoho exlfj wxh mhlat |jdth cg hmxlglaüo mh

|x| fakj|: H| laht}j wxh fgq manalxc}gmh| ho lxgo}j g ma|rj|alaüo fjtgtag ho}th j}tj|# rhtj lthhej|

wxh hc h|nxht{j mhdh rgt}at mh cj| ljchiaj| q g|jlaglajoh| rgtg |xrhtgt h|}g| dgtthtg| q g|å

njeho}gt xo ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj/

Hc rgrhc mh cj| rtjnh|jth| h| nxomgeho}gc# mh gfå cg ohlh|amgm wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj thladg xog

njteglaüo aoalagc q rhtegoho}h rht}aoho}h wxh ch rhtea}g thljojlht cj| ao}hth|h| q ohlh|amgmh|

h|rhlånalg| mh |x| h|}xmago}h| q mh h|}g egohtg rxhmg ~gcjtgt eç| cg| grjt}glajoh| mh cj|gcxeoj| q mh |x| ngeacag|/ Cg njteglaüo# fjq rjt fjq |aixh |ahomj ~jcxo}gta|}g h aoma~amxgc# ljo

rjlj| thnhtho}h| mh dxhog| rtçl}alg| ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho cg h|lxhcg/

%% Cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh gntjo}geaho}j mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag

H|}gej| ho cj| aoalaj|# fgq exlfj rjt fglht ljo cg| ngeacag|# ljo cj| lfg~gch| q ljo hc

rtjnh|jtgmj/ Rjlj g rjlj ljeaho{g g fgdht gcixoj| aolamho}h| mh|gitgmgdch| ho lho}tj| mjomh

hc }heg mh egtlgt cg manhtholag á}oalg ljeaho{g g h|}gt exq rth|ho}h q h|}j# g ~hlh|# |h gntjo}g

ljej gcij ga|cgmj q |h kx|}analg ljej xo rtjdcheg mh ljo}tjc mh hejlajoh| q mh|gmgr}glaüo gc

itxrj/ ]gedaáo fgq glj|j fglag exlfg iho}h q rjt tg{joh| mh |ht manhtho}h ho ao}hcaiholag# ho|hvj# ho rgå| mh rtjlhmholag# ho fgdacamgmh| rgtg thcglajogt|h# h}l/




\h fglh ohlh|gtaj wxh ho}homgej| lüej nxolajogo cj| rtjlh|j| rgtg ma|ltaeaogt g mh}hteaogmj|

rht|jog| j itxrj| |jlagch| rjt tg{joh| mh lcg|h# mh iáohtj# h}oag x jtaho}glaüo |hvxgc rjtwxh h|}j|

|aixho xoj| lgeaoj| exq rgthlamj|# }tg}gomj mh ljo~holhtoj| mh wxh h|}g| rht|jog| j itxrj| |jo

mádach| j rjlg lj|g# rjlj ejmhtoj|# h|lcg~j| mh cg thcaiaüo j mh lj|}xedth| go}aixg|/ Ho h|}h|ho}amj oj |h fgo mh|gttjccgmj rtj}jljcj| mh gl}xglaüo rgtg wxh cj| lho}tj| fgigo gcij thgc g ng~jt

mh cg rth~holaüo mhc tgla|ej q cg vhojnjdag# ao|}a}xlajogc q ho}th aixgch|/ Cg ao~h|}aiglaüo aomalg wxh

fgq wxh gdjtmgt hvrcåla}geho}h q thrh}amgeho}h h|}g| lxh|}ajoh| ho cj| lho}tj|# ho hc egtlj mh cj|

mheç| g|rhl}j| mh cg ljo~a~holag q hc glj|j ho}th aixgch|# gdtahomj h|rglaj| q mh|aiogomj

rht|jog| mh thnhtholag rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj rxhmg glxmat g aonjtegt|h j rhmat gqxmg/ H|

aerth|laomadch fglht ntho}h g }jmg| cg| gith|ajoh| mh lgtçl}ht lcg|a|}g# |hva|}g q fjeünjdj ljo

mhla|aüo ljo|}txqhomj xo ho}jtoj mjomh oj wxhrg oaoiûo }arj mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo/

%% Rjcå}alg| hmxlg}a~g| mh ao}hitglaüo

Cg| manhtho}h| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| g|å ljej |x| mataiho}h| rjcå}alj| }ahoho xog itgo th|rjo|gdacamgm

ho |x rgrhc mh hmxlgmjth| rûdcalj| q g cg fjtg mh njeho}gt xog gl}a}xm rj|a}a~g fglag cj|

aoeaitgo}h| rgtg ljedg}at cg| }homholag| tgla|}g| q vhoünjdg|/ Cg ao}hitglaüo hnhl}a~g mh cj|

aoeaitgo}h|# g|å ljej cg mh |x| fakj| h fakg| mhrhomh nxomgeho}gceho}h mh wxh |x| mhthlfj| q

jdcaiglajoh| |h ~gqgo hwxargtgomj rtjith|a~geho}h g cj| mh cj| laxmgmgoj| oglajogch|/ Hc gllh|j

oj |ücj g cj| |ht~alaj|# |aoj }gedaáo g }jmj| gwxhccj| h|rglaj| mh rgt}alarglaüo# ~g ihohtgomj cg|

ljomalajoh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg wxh cj| aoeaitgo}h| hkht{go xog laxmgmgoåg gl}a~g/

Ho gcixog| ljexoamgmh| fgq xog rjcå}alg hvrcåla}g mh ljcjlgt g cg egqjt rgt}h mh aoeaitgo}h| q

eaojtåg| ho cg h|lxhcg rûdcalg/ Rjt j}tj cgmj hva|}ho lho}tj| wxh |xntho xo rtjlh|j mh eg|analglaüo

wxh |h ~go ixh}a{gomj q wxh cj| glgdgo lhttgomj/ Hva|}ho h|}xmaj| |jdth hc aergl}j mh fgdht |amj

ljo|amhtgmj xo rtjdcheg g thma|}tadxat# wxh rcgo}hgo wxh oj h| rj|adch grcalgt ehmamg| mh h|}h

}arj |ao cg ljolxttholag mh mj| ngl}jth| lcg~h| rgtg cjitgt cj| jdkh}a~j| mh|hgmj|; xoj# wxh }jmj|

cj| gcxeoj| mh }jmj| cj| lho}tj| rgt}alarho mh hccj ho cg| ea|eg| ljomalajoh| q# mj|# wxh |h aoalah

ho cg| gxcg| xo }tgdgkj ao}ho|a~j mh glhtlgeaho}j ao}htrht|jogc q gnhl}a~j/

>/4%% Cg ohlh|amgm mh xo rtjqhl}j ao}hitgc/ Ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j njtegc

Lthj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj ho}homht wxh oj |ücj h|}gej| fgdcgomj mh xog rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g# |aoj wxh

}gedaáo oj| thnhtaej| g xog rjcå}alg hmxlg}a~g q |jlagc# wxh igtgo}alh cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| mh

}jmj| q mh }jmg|# hc th|rh}j rjt cg ma~ht|amgm q cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho ljo|hlxholag |jo eûc}arch|

cj| lgeaoj| g |hixat/ Gxowxh h|rhlagceho}h hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j rxhmg |ht hc hkh |jdth hc wxh mh|gttjccgt

}jmj h|}j/ Cg ljo}tadxlaüo mhc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j g xog |jlahmgm ao}htlxc}xtgc# g ea rgthlht# mhdh iatgt |jdth

}th| itgomh| cåohg| wxh# ljercheho}gtageho}h# |x|}ho}go hc rtjlh|j rgtg lgeaogt ho cg }tgo|alaüo mh|mh

xog |jlahmgm exc}alxc}xtgc fglag j}tg mjomh cg ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc |hg xog thgcamgm lj}amagog;

%% Ho hc h|nxht{j ohlh|gtaj rgtg ljo}tgtth|}gt lxgcwxaht njteg mh hvlcx|aüo/

%% Ho cg rtjejlaüo q njeho}j mh cj| ~gcjth| q cg| gl}a}xmh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj

hvrhtaholag| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/




%%Q ho hc mh|gttjccj mh }jmg| gwxhccg| }tgo|njteglajoh| h|}txl}xtgch| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cg

rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh h|j| ~gcjth|/

%% Ho hc h|nxht{j ohlh|gtaj rgtg ljo}tgtth|}gt lxgcwxaht njteg mh hvlcx|aüorth|ho}h ho cg h|lxhcg/

Ohlh|a}gej| cch~gt g lgdj xo rtjnxomj h|}xmaj mhc ljo}hv}j# xo goçca|a| wxh |at~g rgtg mh}hl}gt cg

glhr}glaüo q cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# wxh oj| ~g g cch~gt atthehmagdcheho}h g ma|h÷gt gl}a~amgmh| wxh

rxhmgo |ht~at rgtg njeho}gt cg lthglaüo mh h|rglaj| mh holxho}tj q ljexoalglaüo }go}j ho hc gxcg

ljej ho hc lho}tj# q eç| rgt}alxcgteho}h rgtg rjmht njeho}gt cg gx}jh|}aeg ho}th hc gcxeogmj/

H|}tg}hiag| |x|lhr}adch| mh ljo}tgtth|}gt gwxhccg| gllajoh| wxh rj|adaca}go cg hvlcx|aüo mh

lxgcwxaht –eaojtåg―/ Hc }tgdgkj ljo}tg cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc wxh |h rcg|eg ho cg h|lxhcg h| hc aoalaj mh

xog rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Q }jmg| h|}g| rtçl}alg| mhdho |ht h|}tg}hiag|

~gcamg| rgtg fglht eç| hnhl}a~j hc rtaolaraj mh xog h|lxhcg aixgc rgtg }jmj| q }jmg|/

]hoht ho lxho}g# cg aerjt}golag mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo rthlj{ mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rht}hohlaho}h| g

itxrj| eaojta}gtaj| rgtg igtgo}a{gt }go}j |x |jlagca{glaüo ljej xog thgc aixgcmgm mh

jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| q |jlagch|/ ^hcgt rgtg wxh hc rtjlh|j mh }tgo|alaüo mh cg ngeacag g cg

h|lxhcg |hg cj ehoj| }tgxeç}alj rj|adch/ Grgt}h mh cg g÷jtgo{g wxh |xrjoh rgtg }jmj| cj| oa÷j| q

oa÷g| hc gllh|j g cg h|lxhcg# ho hc lg|j mh cj| gcxeoj| eaojta}gtaj| fgq }gedaáo xog }tgo|alaüo

lxc}xtgc# wxh |h mhdh }hoht rth|ho}h/

%% H|}gdchlht rtjlhmaeaho}j| mh mhoxolag }tgo|rgtho}h|# hnalaho}h| q kx|}j| go}h

|a}xglajoh| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j42/

%% Ma|h÷gt fhttgeaho}g| h|rhlånalg| rgtg ljedg}at cj| rtjlh|j| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho cg

h|lxhcg/ Rtjej~ahomj ho cj| ljchiaj| h ao|}a}x}j|# gl}j|# njtj|# mhdg}h| rth|holagch|

|jdth cg| manalxc}gmh|# jrjt}xoamgmh|# h|}tg}hiag| mh ao}hitglaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo

aoeaitgmg q thnxiagmg/

%% G}homht cg| ohlh|amgmh| caoióå|}alg|# lxttalxcgth| q gnhl}a~g| mh cg| fakg| h fakj| mh

aoeaitgo}h|# ho cg| ea|eg| ljomalajoh| wxh hc th|}j mhc gcxeogmj/

%% Nglaca}gt hc gllh|j g cg |hlxomgtag jdcaig}jtag q g gwxhccg| h}grg| oj jdcaig}jtag|# ljej

hc gllh|j g cg Xoa~ht|amgm# mh lxgo}j| eç| kü~hoh| mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ehkjt/

%% Grjqgt g cg| ngeacag| ho |x| th|rjo|gdacamgmh| mh hmxlglaüo q ltago{g# jnht}gomj hc

oûehtj mh rcg{g| |xnalaho}h| ho hmxlglaüo aongo}ac/

42

Exlfj| mh h|}j| jdkh}a~j|# thnjtexcgmj| gl}xgceho}h# qg nxhtjo |xihtamj| rjt ea rgt}h# q th%ljiamj| ho hc –Aonjteh |jdth cg |a}xglaüo |jlagc mh cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| q

thnxiagmj| ho 4229― gc Njtj rgtg cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| aoeaitgo}h|/




Mh|mh cg |ho|adaca{glaüo# ljo cg rtjejlaüo q njeho}j mh cj| ~gcjth| q cg|

gl}a}xmh| ohlh|gtag| rgtg cch~gt g lgdj hvrhtaholag| mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

Cg rtjnxoma{glaüo ho h|}g cåohg |h fglh ohlh|gtag q h| aerth|laomadch rgtg hmxlgtoj| ljejrht|jog| wxh mh|hgo grthomht g ljo~a~at mh|mh cg ma~ht|amgm wxh lgmg xoj thrth|ho}gej|/ Ho cg

|ho|adaca{glaüo# cj aerjt}go}h oj h| }go}j xog |htah mh amhg| gd|}tgl}g| mhc }arj mh –th|rh}j―#

–maçcjij―# h}l/# |aoj cg rj|adacamgm mh cch~gt g lgdj h|g| }tgo|njteglajoh| }go}j ho cg| njteg| mh

rho|gt ljej mh gl}xgt mh cg| rht|jog| q ljchl}a~j| ao~jcxltgmj| ho cg ljo~a~holag/

H| ohlh|gtaj wxh mh|mh cg h|lxhcg q mh|mh j}tj| giho}h| |jlagca{gmjth| |h tjergo ljo cj|

h|}hthj}arj| wxh mh egohtg attglajogc q ihohtgca{gmg amho}analg xog lj|}xedth j xo tg|ij hv}htoj#

ljo xo ejmhcj fjejiáohj mh rht|jog/ Mh|mh cg h|lxhcg h| ohlh|gtaj hmxlgt g cj| lfalj| q

lfalg| rgtg wxh |h g~ho}xtho g ljojlht g |x| ljerg÷htj| q ljerg÷htg| q oj |h rthlara}ho g

kx{igtcj| ho nxolaüo mh cj| tg|ij| hv}htoj| q mhc h|}hthj}arj |jlagc wxh cch~g grgthkgmj/ Q }gedaáoh| ohlh|gtaj }tgdgkgt ljo cg| ngeacag| q ljo hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho h|}h |ho}amj/

%% Ng~jthlht wxh }jmj| cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| rxhmgo mh|gttjccgt rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j|#

mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc# nglaca}gmjth| mhc holxho}tj q cg ljexoalglaüo ho}th

cj| ma|}ao}j| eahedtj| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/

%% Mj}gt mh eg}htagch| q gl}a~amgmh| wxh ljo}hercho cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q caoióå|}alg g cj|

manhtho}h| |ht~alaj| hmxlg}a~j|# ljej Dadcaj}hlg| Rûdcalg|# ljehmjth| h|ljcgth|# h}l/

%% Nglaca}gt hc grthoma{gkh mh cg| choixg| q lxc}xtg| mhc ho}jtoj hmxlg}a~j# mataiamj g }jmg cg

ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Gc }aherj wxh cch~gt g lgdj ehmamg| wxh aercawxho hc th|rh}j ho

lxgo}j g gcaeho}glaüo# ~h|}amj# lgchomgtaj|# h}l/

%% Njeho}gt cj| rtjitgeg| q }jmj }arj mh aoalag}a~g| wxh aolho}a~ho cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cg|

ngeacag| mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/

Mh|mh hc mh|gttjccj }jmg| gwxhccg| }tgo|njteglajoh| h|}txl}xtgch|

ohlh|gtag| rgtg cg rxh|}g ho rtçl}alg mh h|j| ~gcjth|/

Xog }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg| h|}txl}xtg| ho cg| wxh oj| ej~hej| wxh rj|adaca}h cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog

|jlahmgm q xog h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc h aolcx|a~g/ \ahomj exq ohlh|gtag| cg| }tgo|njteglajoh| rht|jogch|# gûo

cj h| eç| }tgo|njtegt cg| h|}txl}xtg| mjomh h|}g| h|}ço hoegtlgmg| rxh| |jo cg| wxh ejcmhgo cg| gl}a}xmh|#ng~jthlahomj j manalxc}gomj cg ljo~a~holag/ Cj| lgedaj| |aioanalg}a~j| ljo|hixamj| ho cg| rht|jog| oj

ejmanalgo cg| h|}txl}xtg| rjt |å ea|ej|# qg |hg ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt j ho cg |jlahmgm ho ihohtgc# |a oj h|}ço

rcgoanalgmj| ljej xog rgt}h eç| mh cj| rtjlh|j| mh }tgo|njteglaüo/ Cg| h|}txl}xtg| h ao|}a}xlajoh| ho cg|

wxh ~a~aej| cg| rht|jog| aoncxqho ho cg njteg mh rho|gt q gl}xgt ljo th|rhl}j g cg ma~ht|amgm/

%% G~go{gt ho xo ejmhcj mh lho}tj ao}htlxc}xtgc h aolcx|a~j# wxh ho cxigt mh |glgt g cj|

gcxeoj| mhc gxcg eh}g g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g ho cg ea|eg; ngeacag|# ~jcxo}gtaj|#

grjqj|# gcxeogmj mh oa~hch| |xrhtajth|///

%% Th~a|gt cj| ejmhcj| mh gxcg| }herjtgch| ho lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/

%% Aoltheho}gt cj| ehmaj| eg}htagch| q fxegoj| rgtg wxh hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j gntjo}h cg|ohlh|amgmh| rcgo}hgmg| rjt cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh xo oxh~j gcxeogmj q cg ih|}aüo mh cg

ma~ht|amgm/ Aoltheho}gt cj| grjqj| &dhlg|# h}l/! dx|lgomj igtgo}a{gt cg hwxamgm/




%% Mj}gt mh cj| ehmaj| eg}htagch| q fxegoj| rgtg wxh cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm |hg xog

thgcamgm ho lgmg lho}tj q rxhmgo g}homht cg| manhtho}h| ohlh|amgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj/

Rgtg hccj cg Gmeaoa|}tglaüo oj mhdh h|lg}aegt ho h|rhlagca|}g| rgtg cj| Hwxarj| mh

Jtaho}glaüo Hmxlg}a~g# mh ejmj wxh rxhmgo g}homht|h cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh|mh cgHmxlglaüo Aongo}ac# rtjnh|jtgmj mh grjqj g cg ao}hitglaüo# itxrj| mh thnxht{j#

mh|mjdcgeaho}j| mh lcg|h|# gitxrglajoh| nchvadch|# h}l/

%%Rtjej~ht hc ljo}gl}j q thcglaüo ho}th cj| manhtho}h| giho}h| mhc ho}jtoj h|ljcgt aoehmag}j#

ng~jthlahomj wxh cj| lho}tj| rxhmgo |ht xoj mh cj| oûlchj| nxht}h| mh h|h holxho}tj/

%% Ao|}a}xlajogca{gomj cg| thmh| mh ljcgdjtglaüo# wxh qg hva|}ho# ho}th cj| rtjnh|jth| q

thlxt|j| q ho}amgmh| wxh }tgdgkgo ljo aoeaitgo}h|# rgtg rjmht igtgo}a{gt xog hmxlglaüo

jdcaig}jtag mh lgcamgm/

%% Th|jc~ht cg| ma|rgtamgmh| mh gl}xglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| Ljexoamgmh| Gx}üojeg| ho cg

aercheho}glaüo mh cj| ma|rj|a}a~j| mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# g }tg~á| mh xog egqjt

ljjtmaoglaüo q mhnaoalaüo mh |x| th|rjo|gdacamgmh|/

Gmheç| mh h|}g| }th| cåohg| mh gl}xglaüo lthj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj;

%% Aerxc|gt rjcå}alg| q rcgoh| mh ao}hitglaüo icjdgc mh cg rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h ljo cg aercalglaüo q

ljjtmaoglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| q ho}amgmh| mhc ej~aeaho}j g|jlag}a~j/

%% Rtjrjoht cg }tgo|nhtholag gc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo njtegc mh cg| dxhog| rtçl}alg| mhta~gmg|

mh cg| aoalag}a~g| ljexoa}gtag| thcg}a~g| g cg ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm q cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

%% Rj}holagt hc mh|gttjccj mh gllajoh| mh njteglaüo ao}hitgc mhc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h

gmxc}j/ Ehkjtgomj hc gllh|j mh cj| aoeaitgo}h| g cg njteglaüo mh gmxc}j|/

9%% ///\aoj h|}hcg| ho cg egt; gcixog| thljehomglajoh| rgtg hc lgeaoj

G rgt}h mh cg ohlh|amgm mh cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg h|}txl}xtg |jlajhljoüealg# wxh h| cg dg|h rgtg

cjitgt cj| j}tj| lgedaj|# ljej malh Ntgolh|l Lgtdjohcc &4228!# cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh|

daho ho}homamg rg|g rjt gercagt cj| thlxt|j| wxh |h mh|}aogo g cg hmxlglaüo0 rtaegt cg| h|lxhcg|

ao}hitgmjtg|0 h~a}gt cj| ngl}jth| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ohig}a~g mhc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j0 h~a}gt cj|

ngl}jth| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo ho hc gxcg0 aercheho}gt cg| h|}tg}hiag| wxh igtgo}a{g grthoma{gkh|hnalaho}h|# ljjrhtg}a~j|/ \hixtj wxh |h j| jlxttho exlfg| eç|/

Ljo th|rhl}j g cg h|lxhcg# qg fhej| ljeho}gmj wxh |h ~g ho dxho lgeaoj# rhtj wxh gûo wxhmgo

exlfg| lj|g| rjt fglht/ Cj ao}hth|go}h |htåg rho|gt wxh cg h|lxhcg h| xo cxigt dg|}go}h

gmhlxgmj rgtg }tgdgkgt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# rhtj wxh oj h| hc ûoalj cxigt/ Hc lgeaoj g |hixat

mhdhtåg at ho hc |ho}amj mh ao}htljohl}gt cg| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g|# cg| manhtho}h| ao}ht~holajoh|#

wxh ljoncxqho ho lgmg ljo}hv}j |jlagc mh}hteaogmj/ Ho rgcgdtg| mh H||jedg &4226!; –cg ih|}aüo

mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mhdh ljerthomht cg maeho|aüo ljexoa}gtag mh cg h|lxhcg―/ Aerxc|gt

rtjqhl}j| mh hmxlglaüo ljexoa}gtag wxh gqxmg |ao mxmg g njt}gchlht q grtj~hlfgt cg gllaüo

hmxlg}a~g wxh |h thgca{g ho cg h|lxhcg# xog gllaüo eç| ao}htao|}a}xlajogc wxh ao|}a}xlajogc# xogejmgcamgm mh }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j ljergt}amj/ Gûo fjq måg |jo rjlj| cj| rcgoh| cjlgch| mh

ao}hitglaüo/ J| |xiahtj mj| ûc}aeg| amhg| rgtg hc lgeaoj;




%% Ljohl}gt cg| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g|

Gmheç| mh h|h rtjqhl}j ao}hitgc mho}tj mh cj| lho}tj|# lthj wxh lgmg ~h{ h| eç| ohlh|gtaj cg

ljjtmaoglaüo mh h|}j| ljo j}tg| ao}ht~holajoh| mho}tj mhc ea|ej }htta}jtaj# |a oj h| g|å rhtmhej| exlfå|aej/ Q mho}tj mh h|}g ljjtmaoglaüo# hc rgrhc wxh ch rxhmh ljtth|rjomht g cg

h|lxhcg rjmtåg |ht hc mh cg maogea{glaüo q cg ljohvaüo ljo h|j| j}tj| rcgoh| wxh hva|}ho ho hc

ho}jtoj/ J gc ehoj|# cg ljohvaüo# ljexoalglaüo q ljjtmaoglaüo ljo h|j| j}tj| rcgoh|/

Fgq wxahoh| raho|go wxh cg h|lxhcg oj h|}ç rthrgtgmg rgtg g|xeat h|}h camhtg{ij q wxh qg }ahoh

dg|}go}h ljo hmxlgt q jlxrgt|h mh xog mh cg| rgtlhcg| |jlagch|# rhtj oj mxmgtço gc ehoj| wxh

mhdh ljertjeh}ht|h g hmxlgt ho ~gcjth| q h|}gt –ljohl}gmg― ljo hc th|}j mh ao}ht~holajoh|/

Wxa{ç| ch dg|}h ljo lthgt h|rglaj| mh ljohvaüo q ljexoalglaüo; xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo q

ljo|ho|xgmj ho}th cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# ho}amgmh|# g|jlaglajoh| q |ht~alaj| wxh rgt}alargo ho

xo ea|ej cxigt/ Xo rho|gt kxo}j| rgtg gl}xgt gx}üojegeho}h# lgmg lxgc mh|mh |x çeda}j/

%% Cg njteglaüo mh cj| hwxarj| mjlho}h|

H| ohlh|gtaj h|}gdchlht xog rcgoanalglaüo njteg}a~g lho}tgmg ho lgmg ljo}hv}j ho rgt}alxcgt/

Thcglajogomj cg ao~h|}aiglaüo ljo cg rtçl}alg rjtwxh |jo mj| exomj| wxh |h ohlh|a}go# njtegomj

hwxarj| mh rtjnh|jth| –xoa~ht|a}gtaj|― ljo hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg|/ Rjtwxh h|}ç mhej|}tgmj

wxh |jo cj| rtjlh|j| njteg}a~j| wxh h|}ço nxolajogomj/ Hwxarj| wxh }tgdgkho ho cg

|a|}heg}a{glaüo# h~gcxglaüo# mh cj wxh |h ~ahoh thgca{gomj ho cj| manhtho}h| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|/

%% Q eaho}tg| }go}j fglht daho cj wxh |gdhej| fglht q ho}th }jmj| q }jmg| lgedagthej|

hc exomj/




Thnhtholag| dadcajitçnalg| q Yhditgnåg

%% GG/ ^ &422>!/ Rgcgdtg| q exomj|/ Aonjteh |jdth cg| choixg| mhc exomj/ Dgtlhcjog# Algtag/

%% Gixgmj# ]hth|g &422<!/ Rhmgijiåg ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Egmtam# Hm/ ElItgy Facc/%% Gchith K/G/ q Lgttg|lj# \/ Hvrhtaholag| q }tgqhl}jtag| mh áva}j h|ljcgt mh ia}gog| q ia}goj| ho

H|rg÷g# LAMH*Ao|}a}x}j mh cg Exkht/

%% G|jlaglaüo mh ho|h÷go}h| ljo ia}goj|/ Gx}jtåg ljergt}amg &4228!/ Ehejtag| mh rgrhc /

G|jlaglaüo mh ho|h÷go}h| ljo ia}goj|# gcholag & ht|aüo hchl}tüoalg;f}}r;**rgoihg/jti*ghlia}!/

%% Gixachtg# Dhg}ta{ &ljjtm/!# Ljchl}a~j Gegoa &422>!/ Xoamgm mamçl}alg; Mh ~agkh ljo Egqtg/ Egmtam#

AHRGCG/

%% Dgtwxao# Gehcag &4221!/ ºMh mjomh |jo cj| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|: Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm

q cg h|lxhcg# ho Th~a|}g Hmxlgt ==% 4221# rr/ 67%1>/

%% Dh|gcû# Vg~aht &4224!/ Ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q hmxlglaüo/ Egmtam# Hm/ \åo}h|a|/

%% Dh|gcû# Vg~aht h} gc &4272!/ Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q laxmgmgoåg; Thm mh H|lxhcg| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|#Yjc}ht| @cxyht H|rg÷g/

%% Dxvgttga|# E/T/ q j}tj| &711<!/ Hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej ho hc lxttalxcxe; Hc tgla|ej/ G|jlaglaüo mh

Eh|}th| Tj|g \ho|g}/ Dgtlhcjog/ Hm/ E» mh Hmxlglaüo q L/

%% Lgerg÷g Hxtjrhg ljo}tg hc Tgla|ej/ Amhg|# thlxt|j|# eá}jmj| q gl}a~amgmh| rgtg cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc ljo kü~hoh| q gmxc}j|/ Eg}htagc mh cg lgerg÷g –\jej| manhtho}h|# |jej| aixgch|―/

%% Lgtdjohcc Ntgolh|l &4228!/ Hmxlgt ho }aherj| mh aolht}amxedth# LAMH/

%% Lfhlg# Ntgola|lj q \jtagoj# Holgtog &7111!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ho}th oj|j}tj|/ Dgtlhcjog/ Algtag Go}tg{q}/

%% LAMH &4228!/ Cg g}holaüo gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j ho H|rg÷g/

%% Ljchl}a~j GEGOA &4221!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Goçca|a| q th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|/ Egmtam# Cj|

cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/

%% Ljchl}a~j GEGOA &Iüeh{ Cgtg# Kxgo &hm/!! &422=!/ Cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc; Thixcglaüo mh

ljoncal}j| ho ljo}hv}j| exc}alxc}xtgch|/ Egmtam# Hm/ Lg}gtg}g/ Ljchllaüo Lxgmhtoj| mh

Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc+/

%% Ljchl}a~j AJH/ Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g rtxhdg# fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h| ho cg h|lxhcg/ Lho}tj mh

Ao~h|}aiglaüo q mjlxeho}glaüo hmxlg}a~g/ Egmtam/

%% Mh Cxlg|# Kg~aht q ]jtth|# Ntgola|lj &4224!/ Aoeaitgo}h| ºlüej cj| }hohej|: Egmtam# Hm/ ]gcg|g/

%% Måg{# Dhg}ta{ &7111!/ Cg gqxmg ao~a|adch/ Dacdgj# Hm/ Caàoagoj Hc`gt}hg/

%% Måh{# Hotawxh Kg~aht &4229!/Cg icjdgca{glaüo ohjcadhtgc q |x| thrhtlx|ajoh| ho cg hmxlglaüo/ Hc Tjxth/

%% HMXGC]HT/ Eg}htagch| mamçl}alj| |jdth aoeaitglaüo mh|mh hc rgrhc mh cj| ehmaj| mhljexoalglaüo/ Eaitg%Ehmag# Eg}htagch| mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/

%% H||jedg# Eawxhc Goihc &ljjtm/! &4227!/ \GOMX@# Ixag rht g cg njteglaü mhc hmxlgmjt| a ch|

hmxlgmjth| ho ao}htlxc}xtgca}g} a aoeaitglaüo/ Dgtlhcjog# Hm/ Nxomglaü Kgxeh Djnacc/

%% H||jedg# Eawxhc Goihc &4226!/ 72 amhg| lcg~h|/ Cg ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg/

Dgtlhcjog# Itgü/

%% Igtlåg Lgolcaoa# Oh|}jt &422=!/ Manhtho}h|# mh|aixgch| q mh|ljohl}gmj|/ Dtlhcjog# Hm/ Ihma|g/

%% Igtth}g a Djlfglg# Kjtma &422<!/ Cg ao}hitglaüo |jlajlxc}xtgc mh cg| eaojtåg| á}oalg|/ Dgtlhcjog#

Go}ftjrj|/

%% Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# Lgtcj| &422<!/ Wxá h| cg aoeaitglaüo/ Dgtlhcjog# Hm/ Ao}hitgc/

%% Ijo{çch{# Aoeglxcgmg &4228!/ Cg ljjrhtglaüo hmxlg}a~g go}h cg thdhcmåg mh cg| lxc}xtg|/ Egmtam#Hm/ AHRGCG &Ljchllaüo Ljjrhtglaüo q Mh|gttjccj!/




%% Itxrj AO]HT/ Gx}jtåg ljergt}amg &422>!/ Ixåg Ao}ht/ Xog ixåg rtçl}alg rgtg grcalgt cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg/ Egmtam# Eaoa|}htaj mh Hmxlglaüo q Laholag/

&^ht|aüohchl}tüoalg;f}}r;**yyy/gxcgao}htlxc}xtgc/jti*AEI*{ar*|rgoa|fZixamh/{ar!

%% Ccxlf# V/ q \gcaog|# K/ &711>!/ Cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g/ Egmtam# Hm/ EHL/%% Egcih|aoa# Itglahcg0 Iaeáoh{# Lgtcj| &4222!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth eaitglajoh|# tgla|ej h

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/

%% Eçtwxh{# â}j q Igtlåg mh [û÷aig# Lgteho &422>!/ Gl}a~g hc Th|rh}j/ Rtjitgeg; Hmxlgt rgtg xog

Laxmgmgoåg Ao}htlxc}xtgc / \h~accg# Hm/ Gomgcxlåg Gljih/

%% Egt}åo Ex÷j{# Iheg0 ^gcch \aeüo# D/ q Iüeh{ Rcg{g# E/ G/ &7118!/ Hc A|cge q hc exomj çtgdh ho

cg ho|h÷go{g ehmag/ Hm/ GHLA q X/ Gx}üojeg mh Egmtam/

%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{0 Rj{j# Kjog}go# q ^gc}ahttg# Dcgolg &422=!/ Cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| q cg| kü~hoh| mh

jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho hc ej~aeaho}j g|jlag}a~j/ Egmtam# Hm/ LKH/

%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{0 ]x}|# Egt}aog0 q Rj{j# Kjog}go &422<!/ Njteglaüo ho hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc rgtg

g|jlaglajoh| kx~hoach|/ Hma}/ L/K/H/%% Egt}åoh{# Cx{ q H|lxmhtj# Kj|á &ljjtm|/! &4226!/ Jlfho}g gl}a~amgmh| rgtg hmxlgt cûmalgeho}h

ho ~gcjth| q laxmgmgoåg/ Ljchllaüo Hmxrg{/ Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/

%% Eg||j} Cgnjo# Egtåg Aoá| &422<!/ Kü~hoh| ho}th lxc}xtg|/ Cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm ho

ljo}hv}j| exc}alxc}xtgch|/ Dacdgj/ Hm/ Mh|lcáh/

%% Eámalj| mhc Exomj &4229!/ Hmxlgt rgtg ljo~a~at/ Kxhij| q }gcchth| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj ho rtaegtag/

Egmtam# Cj| cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g/

%% Eahm{cgo# E/ &7118!/ Lfalj| |jo# fjedth| |htço/ Ljej tjerht cj| cg{j| ho}th eg|lxcaoamgm q

~ajcholag/ Egmtam# Fjtg| q Fjtg|/

%% Ex÷j{ \hmgoj# Go}joaj &7119!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ ]hjtåg q rtçl}alg/ Egmtam# Hm/ H|lxhcg

H|rg÷jcg/

%% Exigta` Igdh &7116!/ Ixåg mamçl}alg; Glhtlçomj|h g cg thgcamgm mhc heaitgo}h/ a}jtag%Ig|}ha{/

%% Ráth{ H|lgoaccg# Ljolfg &ljjtm/! &422=!/ Cg egch}g ao}htlxc}xtgc / \h~accg# Hm/ Lho}tj mhc

rtjnh|jtgmj mh Gclgcç mh Ixgmgatg/

%% Tjmtaij Gc|aog# Eawxhc &7111!/ Ljexoalglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Dgtlhcjog# Go}ftjrj|/

%% Txa{ Ejtgch|# Nhtogomj &422< !/ Gomgcxlåg ho cg h|lxhcg/ Cg ljolaholag |acholagmg/ \h~accg# Hm/

Ehtigdcxe/

%% \çh{# Rhmtj &4224!/ Hmxlgt ho cg h|lxhcg exc}alxc}xtgc / Egmtam# LL\/

%% \go Tjeço# ]hth|g &711>!/ Cj| extj| mh cg |hrgtglaüo/ Ho|gqj |jdth gc}htjnjdag q nacgo}tjråg/

Egmtam# ]hloj|/%% \J\ Tgla|ej Og~gttg &4222!/ â~h cg tawxh{g mh cg ma~ht|amgm/ 42 |h|ajoh| mh hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc / Rgercjog/ Hm/ \J\ TGLA\EJ/

%% a|wxhe cg Ma~ht|a}g} &7116!/ â~gej| cg ma~ht|amgm/ Eg}htagch| rgtg xog gllaüo hmxlg}a~g

ao}htlxc}xtgc / Egmtam# Hm/ Lg}gtg}g/



GRTHO%MAHOMJG \HTAIXGCH

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

J| |xihtaej| h|}g| rçiaog| yhd ao}hth|go}h|# rgtg ljeho{gt g gomgt/

%% Thlxt|j| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc h Aoeaitglaüo/ yyy/gxcgao}htlxc}xtgc/jti

%% Thlxt|j| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q Hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth|/ yyy/hmxgc}ht/jti%% Thm mh H|lxhcg| Ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ yyy/h|lxhcg|ao}htlxc}xtgch|/hx

EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 72</ / / / / / / / /






7%% Ngeacag# aoeaitglaüo q j}tg ~h{ ngeacag; rtjqhl}j# aergl}j q ljerchkamgmh|

Hc }å}xcj mh h|}h rtaeht grgt}gmj th|rjomh gc rtjlh|j g }tg~á| mhc lxgc xog rht|jog |h rcgo}hg xo

rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj/ H| mho}tj mh xo rtaeht ljo}hv}j ngeacagt mjomh |xtih cg eaitglaüo ljejrtjqhl}j mh nx}xtj j mh ehkjtg j ljej gc}htog}a~g g xog |a}xglaüo wxh glgdg rjt rh|gt mheg|agmj

&ho cj rht|jogc# ho cj |jlagc j hljoüealj# ho cj rjcå}alj…!# ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg egqjt j ehojt

aoihoxamgm mh cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| j ljolaholag mh cg| manalxc}gmh| thgch| wxh lxgcwxaht rtjqhl}j

eaitg}jtaj rcgo}hg/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# oj |jo cg| rht|jog| cg| wxh heaitgo# rjt cj ihohtgc# |aoj eç| daho cg| ngeacag|# cj|

itxrj| j cg| thmh|/ Mh gfå cg ljo|}g}glaüo# fjq qg g|xeamg# mh wxh –cg itgo egqjtåg mh cj|

heaitgo}h|# |a gc naogc heaitg# h| rjtwxh fg ho}tgmj go}h| ho h|j| 33}tg}j| ljo j}tj|?? %q gc nao q gc

lgdj rjtwxh hva|}ho h|j| 33j}tj|??% ljo wxahoh| fgdcgt mh mh|}aoj|# maohtj q thlhrlaüo g cg

cchigmg― &Grgtalaj q ]jtoj|# 422=!/ H|j| –j}tj|― |jo# ho rtaeht cxigt# cg ngeacag mh jtaiho# ljo |x|lgrglamgmh|# |x| manalxc}gmh|# |x| hvrhl}g}a~g| q |x| |xh÷j|/ ]gedaáo |jo cg| rht|jog| ljo cg|

wxh |h ego}ahoho cg{j| mh gea|}gm j mh rtjvaeamgm nå|alg &~hlaomgtaj# rxhdcj# laxmgm q# ho gciûo

lg|j# rxhmh fgdcgt|h mh xog laht}g lxc}xtg mh cg heaitglaüo ho çeda}j| egqjth| wxh hc cjlgc h

aolcx|j g h|lgcg oglajogc!/ Mh }jmg| h|g| thcglajoh| q ljo}gl}j| ljo h|j| j}tj| ~g ih|}çomj|h xo

rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj wxh# qg ho hc rgå| mh mh|}aoj# |hixatç grjqçomj|h ho thcglajoh| go}aixg| q

oxh~g|# ljo ~ahkj| q oxh~j| –j}tj|―/ Q cg rtjrag ngeacag oj ~g g |ht gkhog g h|}j| rtjlh|j|/ ]go}j

eç| lxgomj oj heaitg cg ngeacag ljerch}g# |aoj wxh cg heaitglaüo |h fglh ho ma|}ao}g| h}grg| mh

|hrgtglaüo q thgitxrglaüo/ Q wxh# g cg ~h{ wxh hc rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj j mh|rxá|# gc lgdj mh xo

}aherj# rxhmh rcgo}hgt|h xo rtjqhl}j mh th}jtoj# eç| j ehoj| aolaht}j/

H|}h rtjqhl}j mh th}jtoj rxhmh |ht xo grjqj go}h cg| manalxc}gmh|# wxh rxhmho |ht exq itg~h| q

lj}amagog|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg amhg mh th}jtoj gl}ûg ljej ~çc~xcg mh h|lgrh q lgogca{glaüo mh cg|

g÷jtgo{g|; –|ücj h|}jq gwxå rjt xo }aherj# rhtj mh|rxá| eh ~jc~htá gc cxigt wxh h| hc eåj―/ Cg

lxh|}aüo# ljej exq daho |gdho “fgo ~a~amj% }go}g| rht|jog| heaitgmg|# h| wxh hc ejeho}j mh

thith|j rxhmh at rj|rjoaáomj|h ho hc }aherj# aolcx|j mh njteg rhtegoho}h# –rjtwxh# mh thrho}h#

cg ~amg lgedag―/ Q rxhmh lgedagt exlfj# rjtwxh rxhmho |ht exlfg| cg| rhogcamgmh|# cj|

lgedaj|# cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh gmgr}glaüo wxh fgq wxh g|xeat# }go}j rht|jogch| ljej ngeacagth|/ Q

fg|}g cj| lgedaj| rj|a}a~j| q cg| oxh~g| jrjt}xoamgmh| rxhmho |ht# g cg ~h{ ngl}jth|

mh|h|}gdaca{gmjth|# ljej ~hthej| eç| gmhcgo}h/

Gmheç|# |a |h ~xhc~h gc cxigt mhc wxh xoj |h nxh# hc cxigt oj h| hc ea|ej q# mh oxh~j# cg rht|jog |h

ljo~aht}h ho hv}tg÷g ho hc cxigt wxh |h |xrjoåg ch ljtth|rjomåg/ Rjtwxh oa hc cxigt# oa cg| rht|jog|

oa cg| thcglajoh| |jo ljej htgo lxgomj cg rht|jog |h nxh/ Q hc th}jtoj rxhmh oj |ht mh }jmj| cj|

eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag# ljo cj wxh mh oxh~j cg| rht|jog| fgdtågo mh gntjo}gt cg |hrgtglaüo q cg

ma|}golag ljej lgtgl}htå|}alg mh cg hva|}holag/

47

Mhrgt}geho}j mh H|}xmaj| mh cg Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/ Rtjnh|jt ho cg Xoa~ht|amgm Lg}ücalg mh^gcholag –\go âlho}h Eçt}at―/ \x ljtthj h|; cxa|/mahBlhaeaitg/oh}/44 Rtjnh|jt mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm mh ^gcholag/ \x ljtthj h|; aioglaj/egt}aoh{Bx~/h|/




Ho j}tj| cxigth| fhej| mh|gttjccgmj qg hc aergl}j mh cg eaitglaüo ho cg| rht|jog| q ho cg| ngeacag|

&Rawxhtg|# 42290 Ehchtj# 4272!/ Cj wxh mhdh thljtmgt|h h| cg lho}tgcamgm mh cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh cg|

ohlh|amgmh| fxegog| ljej egtlj mh rj|adaca}glaüo mhc mh|gttjccj fxegoj/ Rgtg hccj# fhej|

~hoamj |h÷gcgomj cg aerjt}golag mhc goçca|a| hcgdjtgmj rjt cg H|lxhcg mhc Mh|gttjccj g H|lgcgFxegog/ Q cg lxh|}aüo# gwxå# h| |a cg eaitglaüo gqxmg j manalxc}g# q ho wxá latlxo|}golag|# g cg

ngeacag ljej rtaolargc lgxlh mh |g}a|ngllaüo mh malfg| ohlh|amgmh|/ \gdahomj# gmheç|# wxh |ücj

|a h|}g| ohlh|amgmh|# cj wxh ohlh|a}g }jmj |ht fxegoj rgtg mh|gttjccgt|h ljej rht|jog q rgtg

~a~at xog ~amg maiog mh |ht ~a~amg# |jo xoa~ht|gch|# ho}jolh| }ahoh |ho}amj fgdcgt mh cj| mhthlfj|

fxegoj| q |x| igtgo}åg|# rjt holaeg mh |a}xglaüo j lgtgl}htå|}alg rht|jogc# ngeacagt j itxrgc

gcixog/ Exlfj fgq ho kxhij# rjt }go}j/

\a cg ngeacag h| xoj mh cj| lgxlh| rtaolargch| rgtg grthomht g |ht# rgtg gllhmht g cj| dahoh| q

|ht~alaj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg }jmj| cj| grthoma{gkh| wxh cg rht|jog fg mh thgca{gt# rgtg grthomht g

fglht &rjt hkhercj# mh|mh hc ma|lhtoaeaho}j mh cg| lgrglamgmh| q mh cg| ehkjth| lxgcamgmh| mh cgrht|jog!# aolcx|j rgtg grthomht g h|}gt &ljo j}tj|# ho xog |jlahmgm ljolth}g# ho cg thgcamgm q ho xo

cxigt ho hc exomj!# ho}jolh| lgdh rthixo}gt lüej gnhl}g cg eaitglaüo# mh|mh |x| jrjt}xoamgmh| q

|x| manalxc}gmh|# g lgmg ngeacag ho lgmg xoj mh h|g| maeho|ajoh|/ Hc th|xc}gmj oj h| gx}jeç}alj#

mhrhomh mh exlfj| ngl}jth| q latlxo|}golag| q rxhmh |ht# ho lgmg lg|j# ma|}ao}j aolcx|j ho

|a}xglajoh| grgtho}h x jdkh}a~geho}h |aeacgth|/

Mh cg ea|eg njteg# |a ljo|amhtgej| cg| oxh~h lg}hijtåg| gvajcüialg| rcgo}hgmg| rjt cj| gx}jth|

mh cg H|lxhcg mhc Mh|gttjccj g H|lgcg Fxegog# &|xd|a|}holag# rtj}hllaüo# gnhl}j# ho}homaeaho}j#

rgt}alarglaüo# jlaj# lthglaüo# cadht}gm h amho}amgm!# }homthej| cg ohlh|amgm mh gdjtmgt lüej cg

eaitglaüo gnhl}g# ho rj|a}a~j j ho ohig}a~j# aolcx|j |aexc}çohgeho}h# g lgmg rht|jog j ngeacag/

H|}xmagomj# gmheç|# cg| thcglajoh| ho}th h|}g| lg}hijtåg| q ~ahomj lüej cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh xog

mh hccg| ljo}tadxqh# manalxc}g j aeramh cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh j}tg|/

Q }jmj hccj oj| gdjlg g cg ljerchkamgm# mh|mh oxh|}tj rxo}j mh ~a|}g# ûoalj }htthoj ho hc wxh cj

fxegoj |xtih q ntxl}analg# rhtj oj gc mh|ljolaht}j oa g cg ljonx|aüo/ Rjtwxh hc ûoalj rxo}j mh

rgt}amg rj|adch gc gdjtmgt cg ngeacag ljej lgxlh rgtg hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj h| cg ljerchkamgm;

%% Rjtwxh cg cho}a}xm mh cg egmxtglaüo mhc lhthdtj fxegoj h| geda~gcho}h; oj| dhohnalag

lxgomj lthlhej| ho xo ho}jtoj ngeacagt nglaca}gmjt# rhtj oj| rhtkxmalg “q exlfj%lxgomj lthlhej| ho xo ho}jtoj ngeacagt wxh manalxc}g j aeramh oxh|}tj mh|gttjccj

fxegoj/ Rjtwxh mh cj wxh |h }tg}g oj h| mh wxh rg|ho cj| g÷j|# |aoj mh wxá rg}tjoh|

gmwxataej| mh ~amg rht|jogc# ngeacagt q |jlagc g }tg~á| mh xo hojteh q exq ljerchkj

|a|}heg mh thcglajoh|# gnhl}j|# gl}a}xmh| q ljojlaeaho}j| mh oj|j}tj| q oj|j}tg|

ea|eg|# mh cg thgcamgm q mhc exomj ho hc wxh ~a~aej| q mh cj| lxgch| njtegej| rgt}h/

%% Rjtwxh cg ~amg ho rgthkg# mh rjt |å# |xrjoh xog oxh~g |jlagca{glaüo ho cg wxh lgmg xoj mh

cj| eahedtj| mhdh thgrthomht g |ht%ljo%hc%j}tj# g }tg~á| mh eûc}arch| lgedaj| q

gmgr}glajoh|# wxh gxeho}go ho oûehtj q ljerchkamgm ljo cg eaitglaüo# q wxh |h

|xrhtrjoho g cg| ma~ht|g| ng|h| j h}grg| mh cg ~amg rht|jogc q# gmheç|# g cg| ma~ht|g|ng|h| j h}grg| mh cg ~amg ho rgthkg/ \h }tg}g# rjt }go}j# mh xo rtjlh|j wxh# ho

ljomalajoh| mh laht}g h|}gdacamgm# oj glgdg oxolg q wxh# ljo cg eaitglaüo# thwxahth mh




xog egqjt mhmalglaüo# ho}thig mh |å q h|nxht{j/ Q lxqg ao}hitglaüo rht|jogc oj |aherth

th|xc}g rj|adch# ljo hc tah|ij ljo|aixaho}h mh txr}xtg| rht|jogch| q ngeacagth|/

%% Q rjtwxh# g }jmj cj go}htajt# fgq wxh g÷gmat cg ljerchkamgm mh cg thcglaüo ho}th cj| q cg|ehojth| q cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|/ Cg| h}grg| q ohlh|amgmh| lgedago}h| mh cj| fakj| h fakg|

|h |xrhtrjoho g cg| h}grg| q ohlh|amgmh| mh cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|/ Gc rtaolaraj# hc

oglaeaho}j mhc rtaeht fakj j fakg |xrjoh cg thjtigoa{glaüo# g |x gcthmhmjt# mh gl}a~amgmh|#

}aherj| q thcglajoh| mh cg ngeacag# gc ehoj| ho lxgo}j cj rhtea}ho cg| hvaiholag| cgdjtgch|

hv}tgmjeá|}alg|/ Mh|rxá|# lgmg oglaeaho}j |xrjoh xog thjtigoa{glaüo ljerchkg mh

}aherj|# gl}a~amgmh| q thcglajoh|# ho}th cj| fakj| j fakg| go}htajth| q cg| rht|jog| gmxc}g|#

rjt xo cgmj# q ho}th cj| q cg| ehojth| ho}th |å/ Rhtj# }gedaáo gwxå# cg eaitglaüo ao}tjmxlh xog

ljerchkamgm g÷gmamg rjt cg| |hrgtglajoh| wxh aerjoh# rjt cg| thgitxrglajoh| ngeacagth|

wxh h|}ço ljomalajogmg|# rjt hkhercj# g cg |a}xglaüo gmeaoa|}tg}a~g j cgdjtgc mh cg|

rht|jog| gmxc}g| q rjt cg| txr}xtg| wxh }gedaáo rxhmho mgt|h/

H|}g ljerchkamgm gxeho}g mh|mh hc ejeho}j wxh cg eaitglaüo rjoh ho lxh|}aüo# ejmanalçomjcg|

ho oj rjlg| jlg|ajoh|# cg| rgx}g| q rj|adacamgmh| –ojtegch|―# h|}j h|# ho}homamg| ljej

–ojtegch|―# –mh|hgdch|― j –h|rhtgdch|― rjt cj| rtjihoa}jth| go}h| mh cg eaitglaüo# mh

|jlagca{glaüo mh cj| q cg| ehojth| q mh thcglaüo ho}th cj| eahedtj| gmxc}j| ho}th |å# mh h|}j| ljo

cj| q cg| ehojth| q mh h|}j| q h|}g| ho}th |å/

Cj tgtj |htåg wxh oj grgthlahtgo manalxc}gmh|# rgtg th|jc~ht cg| lxgch| h| aoma|rho|gdch wxh cg rht|jog

h|}á fxegogeho}h rthrgtgmg/ Q cj ojtegc h| wxh mh|mh cg hvrhtaholag eaitg}jtag h|}g| manalxc}gmh|

|hgo egqjth| q eç| manålach| mh gntjo}gt# ao}hitgt q th|jc~ht/ Ho jlg|ajoh|# cg| rht|jog| oj lxho}go

ljo cj| thlxt|j| rgtg gntjo}gt# ao}hitgt q th|jc~ht cj| lgedaj| ho cg thcglaüo mh rgthkg# wxh rxhmho

~ht|h glthlho}gmj| rjt cg|# ho jlg|ajoh|# mh|rtjrjtlajogmg| hvaiholag| cgdjtgch|/ Ho hc lg|j mh cg|

rht|jog| aoeaitgmg|# h|}g| hvaiholag| rxhmho }tgmxlat|h ho njteg| mh hvrcj}glaüo cgdjtgc q gdx|j

wxh manalxc}go j aeramho xog ~amg fxegog q wxh |jeh}ho g cg rht|jog g xoj| oa~hch| mh }ho|aüo

rht|jogc q mh h|nxht{j r|aljnå|alj manålaceho}h |j|}hoadch| ho hc }aherj/

G h|}g| manalxc}gmh| |h rxhmho g÷gmat cg| wxh |h mhta~go mh cg ma|}golag ho}th cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| mhc

rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj q cj| cjitj| thgceho}h gclgo{gmj|0 mhc lfjwxh ho}th cg| |a}xglajoh|

aegiaogmg| q cg| manalxc}gmh| thgch|0 cg grgtalaüo mh lta|a| q lgedaj| rht|jogch|# wxh rxhmho mgt gc}tg|}h ljo cg ~amg wxh |h cch~gdg j wxh |h fgdåg rtjqhl}gmj0 cg exc}arcalglaüo mh cg| }ho|ajoh|

mxtgo}h cg gmjch|lholag mh cj| fakj| h fakg| q hc |ho}aeaho}j mh rátmamg wxh jlg|ajog ho cj|

rtjihoa}jth| cg mjdch rht}hoholag mh cj| fakj| h fakg| g mj| exomj|# ho xoj mh cj| lxgch| cj|

ehojth| rxhmho |ht eç| ljerh}ho}h| wxh |x| rgmth| q egmth|4</

\ao hedgtij# oj |ücj cg| manalxc}gmh| |xrjoho j rxhmho |xrjoht xo ngl}jt mh|h|}gdaca{gmjt wxh

thwxhtatç mh eûc}arch| h|nxht{j| rjt rgt}h mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| ljolhtoamg|/ Xog th|jlagca{glaüo

hva}j|g h aolcx|j xo rtjlh|j mh ao}hitglaüo hva}j|j ho cg |jlahmgm thlhr}jtg rxhmh |ht ~a|}j#

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G h|}h th|rhl}j th|xc}g exq acx|}tg}a~j hc }tgdgkj mh Tjmtåixh{# T/E# rxdcalgmj ho Ehchtj# C/&4272!# Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo r|alj|jlagc ljo aoeaitgo}h|#

Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg# ^gcholag# r/ 711%44>/




mh|mh j}tg| rht|jog| ljooglajogch|# ngeacagth|# gea|}gmh|# h}l/# ljej rátmamg mh cg rtjrag

amho}amgm# mh cg| tgålh| lxc}xtgch| j thcaiaj|g| j mhc |ho}amj mh rht}hoholag gc itxrj/ Cg dxhog

gmgr}glaüo mh cj| fakj| gc oxh~j ho}jtoj ho cg |jlahmgm mh mh|}aoj rxhmh |xrjoht }ho|ajoh| ho}th

cj| rtjihoa}jth| q cj| q cg| ehojth|/

Xoj| aoith|j| hch~gmj|# xog h|}gdacamgm cgdjtgc q xo laht}j thljojlaeaho}j rtjnh|ajogc rxhmho

ljo|hixat|h q mhrhomht mh xo hch~gmj oûehtj mh fjtg| mh }tgdgkj# ho xoj j ~gtaj| }tgdgkj|/ Ljo

hccj# cg ~amg ngeacagt# cg ljo~a~holag q hc lxamgmj q cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| ehojth| rxhmho th|ho}at|h/

Cg lgrglamgm mh |xrhtglaüo mh cg| gm~ht|amgmh| q hc h|nxht{j# ho jlg|ajoh| hojteh# wxh fgq wxh

fglht rgtg ljo|hixat hc áva}j mhc rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj rxhmh |xrjoht# }go}j g oa~hc rht|jogc ljej

ngeacagt# wxh |h jc~amh j |h rj|rjoig cg ~a~holag mhc |ho}amj wxh }hoåg hc rtjraj rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj#

hc rtjraj h|nxht{j# ljo cj wxh rxhmh ~ht|h gnhl}gmj hc rtjraj |ho}amj ~a}gc# cg amho}amgm rht|jogc# j

cg rht}hoholag q cg ea|eg xoamgm ngeacagt/

Rjt hccj# }gedaáo cj| áva}j| rxhmho |ht ngl}jth| }ho|ajogo}h| q mh|h|}gdaca{gmjth| rgtg cg|

rht|jog| q rgtg cg| ngeacag|/ Q cj ea|ej wxh cg| manalxc}gmh|# aolcx|j cg| itgomh| manalxc}gmh|#

rxhmho xoat g cg| rht|jog|# cj| áva}j| rxhmho |hrgtgtcg| j hontho}gtcg|/ Mh gfå }gedaáo cg

ljerchkamgm mh }jmj goçca|a| q ~gcjtglaüo rth~ag mh |a}xglajoh| grgtho}heho}h aixgch|/

4%% \jlagca{glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc; cg |jlahmgm wxh |xtih mh|mh cg|rht|jog| ljolth}g|# cg| rht|jog| wxh |xtiho mh lgmg |jlahmgm rgt}alxcgt

Ho cg gllaüo hmxlg}a~g mh cg ngeacag q mh cg h|lxhcg fgq mj| rtjlh|j| nxomgeho}gch|# ho hc |ho}amj

ca}htgc# rgtg }jmg| cg| rht|jog|/ Rtjlh|j| wxh h|}gdchlho cj| nxomgeho}j| q cg rj|adacamgm ea|eg

mhc mh|gttjccj fxegoj q# ljo ác# mh cg egmxth{ q cg lgcamgm fxegog| mh lgmg rht|jog/ H|}j|

rtjlh|j| |jo hc mh |jlagca{glaüo q hc mh rht|jogca{glaüo/

Ho xog rtaehtg grtjvaeglaüo# rjmtågej| mhlat wxh hc rtaehtj }ahoh wxh ~ht ljo cg thrtjmxllaüo

|jlagc q hc |hixomj ljo cg cadht}gm# cg ~jcxo}gm q cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh }tgo|njteglaüo rht|jogc q

lgedaj |jlagc/ Rhtj cj wxh glgdgej| mh rcgo}hgt }ahoh }go}j lgcgmj wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh ~gqgej|gcij eç| mh|rglaj/

Hc rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo oj h| oa rxhmh }tg}gt|h ljej xo rtjlh|j ga|cgmj mho}tj mhc

nxolajogeaho}j mh cj |jlagc/ Njteg rgt}h q mhrhomh mhc ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| rjt cj| lxgch| cj|

ljerjt}geaho}j| fxegoj| aoma~amxgch|# cj| wxh lgmg rht|jog hcaih j g|xeh rjoht ho rtçl}alg j#

|aercheho}h# rjoh ho rtçl}alg mh fhlfj# |h }tgo|njtego ho xog –thgcamgm |jlagc― grgtho}heho}h

aomhrhomaho}h mh cg| gllajoh| q cg ~jcxo}gm mh cg| rht|jog|/ Q mh cj| rtjlh|j| rjt cj| lxgch| h|g

thgcamgm |jlagc# g|å ljo|}txamg# ihohtg q |h }tgmxlh mh oxh~j ho ljerjt}geaho}j|# gl}a}xmh|#

gllajoh|# ~gcjth|# h}l/# wxh |jo h|}tal}geho}h rht|jogch| q# ho h|h |ho}amj# aoma~amxgch|/

\ao hedgtij# cg |jlagca{glaüo ljej }gc h| aerth|laomadch rgtg cg egmxtglaüo mh lgmg |ht fxegoj#

rgtg cg njteglaüo mh cg rht|jog q rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mhc }arj mh rht|jog q mhc }arj mh |jlahmgm




wxh |xtiho q |h th}tjgcaeho}go xog mh j}tg/ Q cg |jlagca{glaüo# ljo aomhrhomholag mh |x ljo}hoamj#

th|xc}g aerth|laomadch mgmg cg aomh}hteaoglaüo dajcüialg mhc |ht fxegoj; cj wxh |hg –|ht rht|jog―

oj ~ahoh mh}hteaogmj dajcüialgeho}h# |aoj wxh# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# |ücj rxhmh |ht lhttgmj rjt xog

jrlaüo# rjt xog hchllaüo wxh }ahoh ljej dg|h cg| ma~ht|g| |jlagca{glajoh| g cg| wxh |h ~h|jeh}amj lgmg |ht fxegoj/ H|g grht}xtg h aomh}hteaoglaüo h| cg dg|h mh cg cadht}gm q# mh|mh gfå#

|h ljo~aht}h ho xog ccgegmg# mh og}xtgch{g á}alg# g cg th|rjo|gdacamgm/

H|}j| rtjlh|j| mh th}tjgcaeho}glaüo q thrtjmxllaüo ho}th cg| ljomxl}g| rht|jogch|# cg thgcamgm

|jlagc q# mh oxh~j# cj| ljerjt}geaho}j| rht|jogch|# rxhmho |ht hvrcalgmj| |jehtgeho}h g }tg~á|

mh |ha| rg|j| mh lgtçl}ht rhtegoho}heho}h latlxcgt# rhtj wxh ~gej| g rgx}gt mh gciûo ejmj rgtg

fglht eç| nçlaceho}h ljertho|adch cg hvrcalglaüo/ Ho rtaeht cxigt# lgmg rht|jog exh|}tg g cg|

mheç| &–hv}htogca{g―# fglh hv}htoj! xo ljerjt}geaho}j wxh h| |aherth q ho }jmj lg|j –rht|jogc―/

Qg |hg |x jtaiho xo gl}j mh th|a|}holag j mh rchog |xea|aüo0 xo gl}j rchogeho}h ljo|laho}h# mh|mh

hc hkhtlalaj mh cg cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm# j aoljo|laho}h# aerht|jogc# aiojtgo}h mh |å j mh cg|ljo|hlxholag|# mh|~aolxcgmj ho h|h |ho}amj mh cg rht|jog wxh gl}ûg# cj thch~go}h h|# ho }jmj

lg|j# wxh h|h ljerjt}geaho}j h| rhtladamj mathl}geho}h j g }tg~á| mh |x| hnhl}j| rjt cj| mheç|/

Ho ûc}aeg ao|}golag |jo cg| rht|jog| rgt}alxcgth| cg| wxh# go}h cg ea|eg |a}xglaüo# mhlamho

mh|gttjccgt ljerjt}geaho}j| manhtho}h|# mhlamho mgt th|rxh|}g| ma~ht|g|# mhrhomaho}h| mh cg

cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm mh lgmg xog g|å ljej mh cj| egtlj| mh rj|adaca}glaüo mh cj| wxh lgmg xoj |h

fg amj mj}gomj g cj cgtij mh cg ~amg/

Fhej| mh }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg rht|jog rxhmh hkhtlht ma~ht|j| –rgrhch|― j maeho|ajoh| ho |x

ljerjt}geaho}j/ ]jmg| cg| rht|jog| rxhmho |ht giho}h|# gx}jth| j gl}jth| ho |x rtjrag ~amg/ Cg

hv}htogca{glaüo oj| fgdcg mhc rgrhc ljej giho}h# rxh|}j wxh }jmg rht|jog gl}ûg mh gciûo ejmj q

h|h ljerjt}geaho}j rxhmh gnhl}gt mh ejmj| ma~ht|j| g cg| mheç|/ Rhtj hva|}h }gedaáo cg

rj|adacamgm mh |ht –gx}jt― mh cg rtjrag ~amg# h| mhlat# mh –lthgt― oxh|}tg rtjrag th|rxh|}g# gwxhccg

wxh oj| hvrth|g ljej rht|jog| q wxh oj| amho}analg go}h oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q go}h cj| mheç|/

Naogceho}h# fhej| mh |ht ljo|laho}h| mh wxh ~a~aej| ho xo –h|lhogtaj― wxh oj fhej| hchiamj q

wxh ljo}hv}xgca{g# mh njteg exq rthla|g# oxh|}tg| th|rxh|}g|/ \jej|# rjt }go}j q ho h|}h |ho}amj#

–gl}jth|―/ Q }jmj hccj fglh wxh oxh|}tj| gl}j|# |hgo lxgch| nxhtho# h|}áo ~aolxcgmj| g oxh|}tg

cadht}gm# oxh|}tg ~jcxo}gm q oxh|}tg lgrglamgm mh glhr}glaüo/ Ljo oxh|}tj| gl}j| thgch|

ej|}tgej| cj wxh wxhthej| |ht# cj| ehmaj| wxh h|}gej| ma|rxh|}j| g rjoht ho kxhij q fg|}g wxá

rxo}j h|}gej| ma|rxh|}j| g g|xeat cg| ljo|hlxholag| mh oxh|}tg cadht}gm q oxh|}tg ~jcxo}gm holgmg –h|lhogtaj― rgt}alxcgt/

Ho xo |hixomj ejeho}j# cj| ljerjt}geaho}j| |jo jdkh}a~gmj|# h| mhlat# –|h |hrgtgo― mh cg|

rht|jog| wxh cj| thgca{go q rahtmho# rjt g|å mhlatcj# |x lgtçl}ht rht|jogc j aoma~amxgc/ \h ~ho cj|

ljerjt}geaho}j| ea|ej|# ljej |a h|}j| oj }x~ahtgo ogmg wxh ~ht ljo cg| mhla|ajoh| mh cg| rht|jog|

wxh cj| rjoho ho rtçl}alg/ Mh|mh h|}h rtjlh|j mh –jdkh}a~glaüo―# gcixoj| ljerjt}geaho}j| |h

–ao|}a}xlajogca{go―# |h h|}gdchlho ljej rgx}g| mh cg thgcamgm ea|eg# ljej cj wxh cg thgcamgm h|# ljej

cj wxh h| h|rhtgdch wxh |xlhmg j wxh |h fgig# gmwxatahomj xo laht}j lgtçl}ht ojteg}a~j; g|å h| ljej

|jo j ljej |h fglho cg| lj|g| q ljej fgq wxh h|rhtgt wxh |h gl}ûh ho lgmg lg|j rgt}alxcgt/

\ao hedgtij# h|}j oj |ücj |xlhmh mh njteg hv}htog g cg| rht|jog|# oj |jo |ücj cj| mheç| cj| wxh

jdkh}a~go j cg |jlahmgm cg wxh ao|}a}xlajogca{g oxh|}tj| ljerjt}geaho}j|/ Cg jdkh}a~glaüo q cg




ao|}a}xlajogca{glaüo }gedaáo |h mh|gttjccgo mho}tj mh lgmg rht|jog# g }tg~á| mhc rtjqhl}j wxh lgmg

xoj ~g ljo|}txqhomj q g|xeahomj rgtg |å ea|ej q g }tg~á| mh cj wxh lgmg rht|jog ~gej| ~a~ahomj

thgceho}h/ Rhtj h|}j oj h|# ho ejmj gcixoj# xog gnateglaüo amhgca|}g/ Oj rjmhej| thgca{gt ho

oj|j}tj| ea|ej| lxgcwxaht rtjqhl}j q |jo cg ~amg thgc# cj| gl}j|# ljerjt}geaho}j|# mhla|ajoh|#gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| thgch|# cj| wxh fglho j oj rj|adch cg thgca{glaüo mhc rtjqhl}j/ Cg lxh|}aüo# g|å#

oj h| |ücj wxh oj| ~gej| grtjragomj mh rj|adacamgmh| q thgca{glajoh| g }tg~á| mh h|j| gl}j| q

jrlajoh|# |aoj wxh á|}g|# mh gciûo ejmj# |h glgdgo gmxh÷gomj mh oj|j}tj| grgthlahomj# ho

gcixog jlg|aüo# ljej –aomhrhomaho}h|― ho laht}j ejmj mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej|/ Q h|}j |h lxerch

}go}j |a oxh|}tj rtjqhl}j q oxh|}tg| thgca{glajoh| oj| holgeaogo fglag cg rgxcg}aog fxegoa{glaüo

mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej|# ljej |a oj| holgeaogo fglag xog mh|fxegoa{glaüo0 }go}j |a gxeho}go

oxh|}tg egmxth{ q lgcamgm fxegog ljej |a cg caea}go# cg ma|eaoxqho j cg aeramho/

Ljo h|}j| }th| rtaehtj| rtjlh|j| rjmhej| ljerthomht wxh cg |jlahmgm “q cg thgcamgm |jlagc% h|

–ljo|}txamg― g rgt}at mh gllajoh|# ljerjt}geaho}j|# mhla|ajoh|# gl}a}xmh| q ~gcjth| rht|jogch| haoma~amxgch|/ Rhtj h|}g thgcamgm |jlagc# h|g |jlahmgm ljolth}g q rgt}alxcgt# qg hva|}h lxgomj oglho

cg| rht|jog| mh cg| |aixaho}h| ihohtglajoh|/ ]jmj| cj| |hth| fxegoj| oglhej| ho ngeacag|#

ljo}hv}j| q |jlahmgmh| rth~ageho}h hva|}ho}h| q wxh oj fhej| hchiamj/ Gc ehoj|# oj mh|mh xo

rtaeht ejeho}j/ Q mh|mh wxh oglhej|# mxtgo}h }jmg oxh|}tg ~amg# fhej| mh grthomht g |ht

rht|jog| ho xo ljo}hv}j ljolth}j q rgt}alxcgt# ho hc wxh hva|}ho rtjnxomg| g|aeh}tåg| wxh

ljonaixtgo cg hvrhtaholag mh cj| wxh ao}htgllajogo ho ác# ljonataáomjch| xog rht|rhl}a~g ho cg

rhtlhrlaüo mh cg thgcamgm h aoncxqhomj ho cg mhnaoalaüo mh |x| ao}hth|h|/ Oj |h rxhmh |ht rht|jog ho

ihohtgc# mh egohtg aoh|rhlånalg/ \h fg mh |ht rht|jog ho }gc j lxgc ngeacag# ho }gc j lxgc ljo}hv}j j

ljokxo}j mh ljo}hv}j|# ho }gc j lxgc |jlahmgm q ejeho}j fa|}ütalj/

H|h h| hc rgrhc mh cg |jlagca{glaüo j# |a |h rthnahth# cg aerjt}golag mh cg| eûc}arch| |jlagca{glajoh|/

]jmg |jlagca{glaüo |xrjoh xog }tgo|ea|aüo mh xog }tgmalaüo/ Q# mh njteg nxomgeho}gc# aercalg cg

}tgo|ea|aüo mh cj| ejmj| mh |ht rht|jog# mh cj| ejmj| mh rhtladat q ~gcjtgt cg thgcamgm q mh cj|

ejmj| mh th|rjomht g hccg/ Cg |jlagca{glaüo jnthlh g }jmj |ht fxegoj cg rj|adacamgm mh |gdht lüej

|ht rht|jog ho hc exomj ho hc wxh ch fg }jlgmj ~a~at/ Cg |jlagca{glaüo h| }go aerjt}go}h wxh# |ao

hccg# oj }homtågej| cg rj|adacamgm mh grthomht g |ht –fxegoj|―/ Q hc ejmj ho wxh cj |hgej|

mhrhomh# ho xog rgt}h exq aerjt}go}h# mh cj wxh oj| fgqg amj |ahomj }tgo|ea}amj/ Rhtj fhej| mh

ho}homht wxh }jmg |jlagca{glaüo h| mh gciûo ejmj gcij aerxh|}j# |xrjoh xog ljhtlaüo j

ljgllaüo/ Oj h| wxh }gc j lxgc |jlagca{glaüo |hg aerxh|}g# ljhtla}a~g j ljgl}a~g/ ]jmg |jlagca{glaüo#aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x ljo}hoamj# cj h| rxh| oj fg |amj hchiamg rjt cg| rht|jog| wxh cg

thladho/ Cg }tgmalaüo mh cg aixgcmgm# mh cg kx|}alag# mh cg cadht}gm h| }go aerxh|}g ljej cg }tgmalaüo

mh cg mh|aixgcmgm# cg aokx|}alag q cg jrth|aüo# gxowxh th|xc}h h~amho}h wxh oj }jmj| cj| ljo}hoamj|

rj|adch| }ahoho hc ea|ej ~gcjt mh|mh xo rxo}j mh ~a|}g á}alj j aolcx|j ehtgeho}h –fxegoj―/ Rhtj

fg|}g cg ea|eg ~gcjtglaüo njteg rgt}h mh cj }tgo|ea}amj q# ho h|h |ho}amj# h| aixgceho}h aerxh|}j

ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j/

\ao hedgtij# th|xc}g h~amho}h mh|mh cg egqjt rgt}h mh cg| hvrhtaholag| rht|jogch|# |a oj }jmg|#

wxh oj }jmj cj wxh oj| fg |amj }tgo|ea}amj h| aixgceho}h ~gcjtgmj q glhr}gmj# |ao eç|# rjt lgmg

xoj mh oj|j}tj| q mh oj|j}tg|/ Mh cj wxh thladaej|# –ao}htogca{gej|― |ücj xog rgt}h; fglhej|oxh|}tj|# hcaiaáomjcj|# gcixoj| hcheho}j| q oj j}tj|/ J aolcx|j g|xeaej| lxh|}ajoh| wxh# ljo hc

rg|j mhc }aherj q mh oxh~g| hvrhtaholag| th|jlagca{gmjtg|# g ehoxmj mh|mh hc ljo}tg|}h h




ao}htgllaüo ljo j}tj|# glgdgej| rjt lxh|}ajogt q thlfg{gt ~a}gceho}h/ \ücj hcaiahomj q jr}gomj q#

rjt }go}j# hkhtlahomj cg cadht}gm q cg ~jcxo}gm# h| ljej cg fxegoamgm rxhmh |ht ljo|}txamg q

mh|gttjccgmg/ Oaoixog aerj|alaüo# rjt nátthg q mh|ragmgmg wxh h|}g rxmahtg cchigt g |ht# }ahoh cg

eç| eåoaeg rj|adacamgm mh rhtmxtgt aomhnaoamgeho}h ho hc }aherj/ Hc nao mh aerhtaj| q mal}gmxtg|#aolcx|j mh cj| rhjth| |a|}heg| dg|gmj| ho hc }httjt# g|å oj| cj mhexh|}tg/ Rhtj cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh

wxá |h ao}htogca{g }ahoho wxh ~ht }gedaáo ljo cj }tgo|ea}amj/ G|å# cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh cg aixgcmgm

rxhmh |xrjoht# ho |å ea|eg# cg manalxc}gm j cg aerj|adacamgm mh wxh |hgo glhr}gmg| cg mjeaoglaüo j

cg fhihejoåg# ljo aomhrhomholag mh cg kx|}analglaüo j chia}aeglaüo g cg wxh h|}g| thlxttgo/ Cg

}tgo|ea|aüo mh cg cadht}gm q mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm rxhmh |xrjoht# ho |å ea|eg# cg manalxc}gm j cg

aerj|adacamgm mh wxh |h glhr}ho cg |xea|aüo q cg |xkhlaüo g lta}htaj| j rj|alajoh| j ~gcjtglajoh|

gkhog|# g cg ehtg ~jcxo}gm gkhog/

Gmheç|# cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh lxgcwxaht }tgmalaüo oxolg h| oa rxhmh |ht xog ehtg thrh}alaüo mhc

rg|gmj/ Gc ehoj| rjt }th| tg{joh|/ Rtaehtg# rjtwxh lxgcwxaht }tgmalaüo |h }tgo|ea}h rjt rht|jog|ljo hvrhtaholag| dajitçnalg| ma|}ao}g| q# rjt hccj# cj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h }homtç ma|}ao}j| glho}j| q

eg}alh| q mgtç ljej th|xc}gmj ma|}ao}g| rj|adacamgmh|/ \hixomg# rjtwxh cj }tgo|ea}amj |h thladh

rjt rht|jog| ljo hvrhtaholag| q thnhtholag| manhtho}h|# rjtwxh |h }tg}g mh hvrhtaholag| q

thnhtholag| rht|jogch|# g cg| wxh }x~ahtjo cj| wxh }tgo|ea}ho cg }tgmalaüo# cj| wxh cg h|}gdchlahtjo

ljej }tgmalaüo q g cg| mh cj| mheç| wxh h|}ço thladahomj cg ea|eg }tgo|ea|aüo/ Q }htlhtg# rjtwxh

lgmg xog mh cg| rht|jog| wxh thladh cj }tgo|ea}amj cj grcalgtç# ohlh|gtageho}h# g |x rtjrag ~amg q

thgcamgm# manhtho}h mh cg mh cj| mheç|/ Rjt }jmj hccj# cg ehtg thrh}alaüo ho cg fa|}jtag h|

gd|jcx}geho}h aerj|adch q cg namhcamgm fa|}ütalg &g xog }tgmalaüo# g cg rtjrag ngeacag# g mh}hteaogmg|

lthholag|# amhg| j rj|alajoh|! oj rxhmh ljo|hixat|h |aoj ljej –rtj|hixaeaho}j―/

Naogceho}h# |jo cj| hcheho}j| ao}htogca{gmj| cj| wxh |at~ho mh dg|h aerth|laomadch q rhtea}ho xo

ljerjt}geaho}j# xog| gllajoh|# xog| gl}a}xmh| q xog| ~gcjtglajoh| &xo ejmj mh |ht rht|jog# mh h|}gt

ho cg thgcamgm q mh th|rjomht g hccg!# mh oxh~j rht|jogch|# –aoma~amxgch|― ho h|h |ho}amj q g rh|gt mh |x

lgtçl}ht –|jlagc―# –thnhtholagc― j –ljo}hv}xgc― |a |h rthnahth# q –|xdkh}a~j|―/ Q h| h|}g –|xdkh}a~glaüo― cg wxh

}tgo|njteg cj| hcheho}j| ao}htogca{gmj|# ljo|laho}h| j aoljo|laho}h|# ho cj wxh lgmg |xkh}j# lgmg

rht|jog# fglh# mhlamh# h}l/# ej|}tgomj }jmj hccj g cj| mheç| g }tg~á| mh xog oxh~g hv}htogca{glaüo#

lhttgomj hc låtlxcj q thra}aáomj|h }jmj hc rtjlh|j# ihohtglaüo }tg| ihohtglaüo/

\ao hedgtij# h|}h ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| |at~h }go}j rgtg ho}homht lüej nxolajog q ljej rxhmhih|}ajogt|h cg ehtg thrtjmxllaüo |jlagc ljej }jmg| cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh lgedaj |jlagc/ Ljej fhej|

~a|}j gttadg# wxh |h thra}g aomhnaoamgeho}h hc ljokxo}j mh rtjlh|j| oj rxhmh |aioanalgt wxh |h thra}go

xoj| ljo}hoamj| rgt}alxcgth| x j}tj| |ao ~gtaglaüo oa lgedaj gcixoj; cg ehtg thrtjmxllaüo |ao lgedaj| h|

gcij aerj|adch oa ho cg| ngeacag|# oa ho cj| itxrj|# oa ho cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/




<%% \jlagca{glaüo h amho}amgm ho xog |jlahmgm exc}alxc}xtgc; fglht rj|adch|cg| hvrhtaholag| q gljerg÷gt cj| rtjlh|j|

Cj| rtjlh|j| mh ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm |h rtjmxlho mh egohtg ma|}ao}g ho ~at}xm mhc }arj mhljo}hv}j |jlagc ho wxh }hoigo cxigt/ Ho ljo}hv}j| wxh rjmtågej| mhnaoat ljej –rj|}tgmalajogch|―#

ho wxh cg ma~ht|amgm mh thnhtho}h| |aioanalg}a~j| h| lgmg ~h{ egqjt# q |x gm|ltarlaüo oj mhrhomh

hvlcx|a~geho}h mh cg rht}hoholag ljexoa}gtag mh cj| |xkh}j|# h|}j| rtjlh|j| |h lgtgl}hta{go “

|jdth }jmj ho cg gmjch|lholag% rjt xog ao}ho|g cgdjt mh hvrcjtglaüo mh cg thgcamgm q mh |x|

rj|adacamgmh|/ Xog cgdjt wxh lgmg ~h{ eç| mhrhomh mhc aoma~amxj# wxh |h ~h |jeh}amj g xog

ljerchkå|aeg }gthg mh dû|wxhmg# |hchllaüo q ljo|}txllaüo mh xo |ho}amj ~a}gc q xog amho}amgm

|jlagc thljojladch rjt |x| j}tj| |aioanalg}a~j|# rhtj# g |x ~h{# g|xeadch rjt ác ea|ej/

Ho h|g }gthg# cg nxolaüo mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch| wxh |jo thnhtholag nxomgeho}gc mhc rtjlh|j mh

|jlagca{glaüo |h ~h rtjnxomgeho}h gnhl}gmg/ Rjt |xrxh|}j wxh h|}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| ljo}aoûgogl}xgomj ljej ejmhcj| mh thnhtholag q ixåg| wxh mj}go mh rgx}g| mh ljomxl}g/ Rhtj lgmg ~h{

gmwxahth egqjt aerjt}golag hc rgrhc wxh fgo mh g|xeat ho hc gljerg÷geaho}j mhc rtjlh|j mh

ljonaixtglaüo amho}a}gtag wxh fg mh thljttht hc rtjraj aoma~amxj/

\h }tg}g mh xo rtjlh|j wxh# ljej qg aomalgtg Hta`|jo# dg|lxcg ho}th cg hvrcjtglaüo q hc

ljertjea|j0 mj| rtjlh|j| wxh gclgo{go |x eçvaej maogea|ej ho cg h}grg mh cg gmjch|lholag/ Cg

hvrcjtglaüo |h thnahth g cg| maoçealg| mh dû|wxhmg q mh|lxdtaeaho}j gl}a~j mh cg| manhtho}h|

jrlajoh| ~a}gch| wxh |h gdtho go}h hc aoma~amxj ho lgmg ejeho}j mh |x rtjlh|j mh mh|gttjccj/

Aercalg gciûo }arj mh ~gcjtglaüo mh cg| ma|}ao}g| gc}htog}a~g| go}h| mh }jegt mhla|ajoh| |jdth

rtçl}alg|# eh}g|# ~gcjth| q lthholag|/ Hc ljertjea|j |h thnahth g cg gmjrlaüo mh mhla|ajoh|

thcg}a~geho}h nateh| |jdth hcheho}j| mh cg rtjrag amho}amgm# ljo cg ljo|aixaho}h aercalglaüo ho

gl}a~amgmh| |aioanalg}a~g| mataiamg| gc mh|gttjccj mh h|g| jrlajoh|/

Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# ho ljo}hv}j| |jlagch| lgtgl}hta{gmj| rjt cg rth|holag mh xog itgo

ma~ht|amgm mh jrlajoh| ~a}gch|# mh thnhtho}h| |aedücalj| q ojteg}a~j| mh|mh cj| wxh mgt |ho}amj g

cg rtjrag hvrhtaholag h ao}htrth}gt cg| rtjrag| thcglajoh| ljo hc exomj q ljo cg| rht|jog|

|aioanalg}a~g|# cg ljedaoglaüo mh gedj| rtjlh|j|# hvrcjtglaüo q ljertjea|j# h| ltxlagc ho hc

mh|gttjccj mh cg amho}amgm/ Q cg ljerchkamgm q ncxamh{ mh h|}j| ljo}hv}j| ljo~aht}h h|}g –}gthg― ~a}gc

ho gcij thgceho}h ljercalgmj rgtg cj| gmjch|lho}h|# ho h|rhlagc lxgomj oj fgo lthlamj hoho}jtoj| wxh ch| fgqgo rthrgtgmj rgtg h|}h }arj mh th}j|/

H|}g manalxc}gm |h fglh rg}ho}h# ho rtaeht cxigt# ho gwxhccj| lg|j| ho wxh hc ho}jtoj mh rtjvaeamgm

&ngeacag j ljexoamgm mh thnhtholag! fgqg h|}gdchlamj xo egtlj mh |jlagca{glaüo gc}geho}h

ljfh|ajogmj# gx}jthnhtholagc q ljgl}a~j# lhttgomj cg| hvrhtaholag| mhc oa÷j j oa÷g g lxgcwxaht

thgcamgm gkhog g cg h|}gdchlamg rjt hc itxrj/ Ho jlg|ajoh| h|}g| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| rxhmho

th|rjomht g manalxc}gmh| rgtg hvrth|gt cg rtjrag amho}amgm eç| gccç mhc itxrj mhdamj g cg oj

glhr}glaüo rjt rgt}h mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgceho}h mjeaogo}h|# ihohtgomj xog maoçealg mh

|hithiglaüo |jlagc/ Ho jlg|ajoh| |h }tg}g eç| daho mh maoçealg| thcglajogch| wxh dx|lgo hc

gergtj mhc itxrj á}oalj ljej gejt}aixgmjt mh cg| }ho|ajoh| q ljoncal}j| hvrhtaeho}gmj| ho cg|manålach| ljomalajoh| ho wxh fgo mh ~a~at exlfj| aoeaitgo}h|/ J }gedaáo |h rxhmho mhdht g

rtçl}alg| mh gx}j%|hithiglaüo wxh dx|lgo ego}hoht rxtg| cg| thnhtholag| mh cg rtjrag lxc}xtg/




Aolcx|j# rj|adcheho}h |h }tg}h mh xog ljedaoglaüo mh cj| }th| ngl}jth| eholajogmj|# q mh j}tg|

exlfg| aolamholag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th itxrj| wxh |h hvrhtaeho}go ljej

gkhoj|# wxh |h rhtladho mh|mh |aercanalglajoh| q h|}hthj}arj|# q wxh |h thcglajogo ho xo ljo}hv}j

|jlajhljoüealj mh}hteaogmj rjt ao}hth|h| q nxht}h| g|aeh}tåg|/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j cg|thrhtlx|ajoh| rgtg hc rtjlh|j mh |jlagca{glaüo mh cj| ehojth| h| wxh |h }ahomh g ihohtgt xo

ljertjea|j hvlh|a~geho}h }hertgoj ljo hc itxrj wxh farj}hlg gc gmjch|lho}h g cg| jrlajoh|

rthljolhdamg| rjt |x ljo}hv}j ngeacagt j itxrgc# |ao wxh ác j hccg rxhmg thljojlht |x lgeaoj

rgt}alxcgt mh ho}th cj| wxh |h gdtho g |x rg|j ho |x ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ljo thgcamgmh| manhtho}h| g

cg| mhc itxrj mh thnhtholag/ \a daho cg ehojt grht}xtg g cg hvrhtaholag rxhmh eaoaea{gt

}herjtgceho}h cg hvrj|alaüo g |a}xglajoh| mh go|ahmgm j ljonx|aüo# cg rtj}hllaüo |ücj cchig fg|}g

mjomh gclgo{g cg gllaüo mhc itxrj mh thnhtholag/ Mh h|}h ejmj |h ihohtgo |a}xglajoh| mh

mhrhomholag# ehojt gx}jojeåg q lgrglamgm mh aoalag}a~g aoma~amxgc# wxh manalxc}go cg ao}hitglaüo mh

cj| aoma~amxj| ho xog |jlahmgm ljerchkg wxh ~g eç| gccç mh h|j| itxrj|/

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cgdjtgch|# lxc}xtgch|…! mhkgo g cg ao}herhtah cg| hvrhtaholag| mh oxehtj|g| rht|jog|/




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|aixaho}h| grgt}gmj| mhc lgrå}xcj/




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mh|gttjccj fxegoj mh lgmg rht|jog/

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q oa÷g| ~go grthomahomj g mgt |ho}amj gc exomj wxh ch| tjmhg q ~go mh|gttjccgomj njteg| mh |ho|adacamgm

go}h cg thgcamgm/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# |h }tg}g mh wxh hc ljojlaeaho}j mhc ehmaj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h mh|mh cg

h|lxhcg th|rjomg g cg ma~ht|amgm thgc wxh |h holxho}tg ho h|h ehmaj/

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exh|}tho ljej manhtho}h| q ljergt}go ljo cj| mheç| cj| hcheho}j| |aioanalg}a~j| mh |x lxc}xtg#

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oj ljej gcij thnhtamj g –cj| j}tj|―/

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ljonaixth ljej xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj# rxhmho grjt}gt |x hvrhtaholag g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh h|}h

lxttålxcxe ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Hc th}j thwxahth hmxlgmjth| q hmxlgmjtg| |ho|adch| go}h h|g ma~ht|amgm q

wxh# gxowxh oj ljoj{lgo g njomj cg| manhtho}h| lxc}xtg| mhc ho}jtoj# |hgo lgrglh| mh maogea{gtcj| rtjlh|j| mh holxho}tj mh cj| wxh qg fhej| fgdcgmj# q mh thljiht g|å cg ~j{ mh cj| eahedtj|

mh cg| eaojtåg|/




Gmheç|# h|}g grht}xtg mhc lxttålxcxe mhdhtåg |aherth at gljerg÷gmg mh cg ohlh|amgm mh ao}tjmxlat

maoçealg| hmxlg}a~g| mh chl}xtg ltå}alg mh cg thgcamgm/ Hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg maioamgm mh }jmg| cg|

rht|jog|# mh }jmj| cj| rxhdcj| q mh }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| oj hvlcxqh# ho gd|jcx}j# cg ltå}alg g gwxhccg|

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~ajcholag# }go}j nå|alg ljej |aedücalg/

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jrjt}xoamgmh| mh cj| laxmgmgoj| wxh rgt}alargo mh cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag|# ego}hoaáomj|h mh

h|}h ejmj cg| ljomalajoh| wxh rhtea}ho wxh |h thrtjmx{lg h|h thrgt}j mhc rjmht/ Xog

thrtjmxllaüo wxh mhta~g# g ehoxmj# ho cg |aercanalglaüo ljo wxh |h mhnaoh g cg| eaojtåg|# ho dg|h gh|}hthj}arj| wxh glgdgo rjt mh}hteaogt oxh|}tg ~a|aüo mh –cj| manhtho}h|― q mh cg| thcglajoh| ho}th

–hccj|― q –oj|j}tj|―# wxh# }gc ljej qg hvrx|aej| ho grgt}gmj| go}htajth|# glgdgo rjt aerjoht|h

ljej thgcamgmh| –jdkh}a~g|― wxh chia}aego cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm q mjeaoglaüo |jlagc

ljej gcij og}xtgc j cüialj/ Rgtg gntjo}gt h|}j oj| rgthlh h|holagc hc rgrhc }tgo|njtegmjt mh xog

h|lxhcg wxh rj|adaca}h hc mh|gttjccj mh rtjlh|j| mh |jlagca{glaüo ho dg|h g hvrhtaholag| mh

holxho}tj# ~a|adaca{gomj cg ma~ht|amgm# thljojlahomj g cg| rht|jog| ljo |x| rgt}alxcgtamgmh| q

ljexoamgmh|# q ng~jthlahomj cg |xrhtglaüo &cg mh%ljo|}txllaüo! mh h|g| ~a|ajoh| rgt}alxcgta|}g|

wxh |h oj| rth|ho}go ljej mh –|ho}amj ljeûo―# rhtj wxh hoeg|lgtgo ao}hth|h| itxrgch|

~aolxcgmj| g cg| thcglajoh| mh mjeaoglaüo mh xoj| itxrj| |jdth j}tj|/

Ho mhnaoa}a~g# ljo|amhtgej| wxh ho cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog |jlahmgm eç| aolcx|a~g h| nxomgeho}gc

wxh cg h|lxhcg# ho }go}j wxh ao|}a}xlaüo |jlagc# q cg| ljexoamgmh| lxc}xtgch| “egqjta}gtag| j

eaojta}gtag|%# g }tg~á| mh cg| ngeacag| mh cj| oa÷j| q cg| oa÷g|# gdjtmho ljokxo}geho}h# mh|mh hc

thljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# xog }gthg hmxlg}a~g wxh fg mh ~aolxcgt ho ljomalajoh| mh aixgcmgm g cg|

rht|jog| wxh ljo~a~ho q mgo |ho}amj g cg thgcamgm mh|mh lxc}xtg| manhtho}h|# q wxh fgdtço mh }hkht#

mh|mh h|g }gthg ljergt}amg# cg| lcg~h| wxh fgigo rj|adch h|g ljo~a~holag/





%% Grgtalaj# T/# q ]jtoj|# G/ &422=!/ Cg| thmh| |jlagch| mh cj| hv}tgokhtj| ho H|rg÷g/ Xo h|}xmaj

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Gath|# 4226/

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%% Igtlåg# Kj|á Go}joaj# q Ijhohlfhg# Lta|}aog &4221!/ Hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Goçca|a| mh cg

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O» 7# rr/ <7%=>/




HC RTJNH\JTGMJ

GO]H

CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC/

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Tgûc ]çttgig# Kjgo G/ Grgta|a 48





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<2/ / / / / / / / /

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hccj| fgo herchgmj }áloalg| ljej lxh|}ajogtaj|# gx}jaonjteh| q ho}th~a|}g|# ao|}txeho}j| lxqg~gcamh{ mhdh |ht eg}a{gmg rjt cg aoncxholag mhc |h|ij mh mh|hgdacamgm |jlagc &cj| rtjnh|jth| |xhcho

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h|lxhcg| mh gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h j mh lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag|/

Jt}a{ &4226!# thgca{ü xo h|}xmaj lxgca}g}a~j ho hc wxh |h rtjrx|j mh|ltadat cg rhtlhrlaüo mhc

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mh hccj| |h mhmxlh wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj rhtladh cg aoeaitglaüo ljej xo –rtjdcheg hmxlg}a~j―# }gc qljej exh|}tgo mj| mh cg| ljolcx|ajoh| mhc }tgdgkj;

%% Cj| rtjnh|jth| mh h|}j| lho}tj| gnatego wxh cg cchigmg mh h|}xmago}h| aoeaitgo}h|

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mathl}geho}h –xo rtjdcheg―/

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th|}j mhc gcxeogmj –xog thmxllaüo ho cg g}holaüo wxh |h rth|}g gc gcxeogmj gx}ül}joj―#

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hc fhlfj exc}alxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| ho h|}xmago}h| mh egia|}htaj mh cg Xoa~ht|amgm mh Extlag/

Cj| th|xc}gmj| mh |x h|}xmaj |xiahtho gcixoj| mg}j| dg|}go}h mh|h|rhtgo{gmjth|;

%% Gxowxh hc 8=#=( mh cj| holxh|}gmj| ej|}tü xog gl}a}xm rj|a}a~g fglag hc fhlfj

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dg|gmg ho hc th|rh}j g }jmg| cg| lxc}xtg| hva|}ho}h| ho hc H|}gmj/

%% Xo =2( mh cj| nx}xtj| hmxlgmjth| holxh|}gmj| gnategtjo wxh cg rtjejlaüo mh

g|rhl}j| manhtholagmjth|%|aoixcgth| mh xog ljexoamgm# ljej h| cg choixg rtjrag#

ljo}tadxqh g cg mh|ao}hitglaüo mhc H|}gmj/%% Hc 6>#>( ljo|amhtg xo cxkj aoohlh|gtaj q xo ig|}j |xrhtncxj cg rtjejlaüo mh cg|

}tgmalajoh|# lj|}xedth| q njc`cjth mh cj| gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj|/

Ho xo }tgdgkj eç| thlaho}h# Dgtwxåo# Gc{jcg# Egmaogdha}ag q Xtå{gt &4272!# x}aca{gtjo hc eá}jmj mh cg|

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aoeaitglaüo q cj| aoeaitgo}h|/ Cj| th|xc}gmj| mhc h|}xmaj |xiahtho wxh;

%% Rh|h g wxh hva|}h xog itgo ~gtahmgm ho cj| thcg}j| mh cj| h|}xmago}h| mh egia|}htaj# q oj

|h ch| rxhmh ljo|amhtgt xo ljchl}a~j fjejiáohj# exlfj| mh cj| ogttgmjth| egoanah|}go

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ho cg| wxh |h thcg}go ljokxo}geho}h dxhog| q egcg| hvrhtaholag|/






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holjo}tgej| xog itgo ma~ht|amgm ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cg| manhtho}h| xoa~ht|amgmh|# cj wxh

ihohtg xog njteglaüo ma|rgt# q fglh wxh# mhrhomahomj mh ho wxá xoa~ht|amgm |h lxt|h hc itgmj ho

egia|}htaj# |h }hoig eç| j ehoj| jrjt}xoamgmh| mh njtegt|h ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgmlxc}xtgc/

Ho xog th~a|aüo thgca{gmg thlaho}heho}h &\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g# 4277!# |h gogca{gtjo cj| rcgoh| mh

h|}xmaj mh cg| }a}xcglajoh| mh Rhmgijiåg# R|aljrhmgijiåg q Egia|}htaj mh 8< xoa~ht|amgmh|# mh cg|

wxh }go |ücj <8 &hc >>(! jnht}gdgo ho |x| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj gcixog g|aiog}xtg mathl}geho}h

thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# eaho}tg| wxh cg| th|}go}h| 76 xoa~ht|amgmh| oj

jnht}gdgo oaoixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ \h }tg}g rjt }go}j mh xog

|a}xglaüo rjlj fgcgióh÷g rgtg cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Rhtj h|}g |a}xglaüo |h gitg~g eç| }jmg~åg |a cgo{gej| xog eatgmg ljo rht|rhl}a~g }herjtgc# q

jd|ht~gej| wxh cg |a}xglaüo fg ehkjtgmj rjlj ljo hc rg|j mh cj| g÷j|/ Ho xog th~a|aüo mh rcgoh|mh h|}xmaj |aeacgt thgca{gmg fglh qg lg|a xog málgmg &]çttgig# 4224!# |h gogca{gtjo 788 rcgoh| mh

h|}xmaj mh cg| }a}xcglajoh| mh egia|}htaj# hmxlglaüo |jlagc# rhmgijiåg q r|aljrhmgijiåg/ Mh hccj|#

}go |ücj >4 &hc =2(! ljo}hoågo gcixog eg}htag thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# cj wxh oj|

cch~g g rho|gt aoalagceho}h wxh cg |a}xglaüo fg ehkjtgmj ljo hc rg|j mh cj| g÷j|# gxowxh

jd~ageho}h oj cj |xnalaho}h/

Gedg| th~a|ajoh|# gxowxh |hrgtgmg| rjt xog málgmg# }ahoho gcixoj| rxo}j| ho ljeûo q gcixog|

manhtholag| wxh ljo~ahoh gogca{gt;

Cg rth|holag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh

egia|}htaj fg gxeho}gmj ljo hc rg|j mhc }aherj# gxowxh oj cj |xnalaho}h

Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg rjt ]çttgig &4227!# mh cj| 94 rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh Egia|}htaj gogca{gmj|#

|ücj 44 &hc <2#>(! ljo}hoågo gcixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/

Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg rjt \jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!# h|}h rjtlho}gkh gxeho}g |ho|adcheho}h# qg

wxh 48 mh cj| <9 rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh marcjeg}xtg gogca{gmj|# &xo >9#>(! ljo}hoågo gc ehoj| xog

g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc0 eaho}tg| wxh ho cj| h|}xmaj| mh itgmj h|}g

rtjrjtlaüo gxeho}gdg fg|}g <6 mh cj| =6 rcgoh| gogca{gmj| &xo 91#7(!/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7<</ / / / / / / / /

]gdcg 7

Rth|holag mh g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh egia|}htaj/

H|}xmaj Rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj Ljo}ahoho gc ehoj| Oj ljo}ahohogogca{gmj| xog g|aiog}xtg oaoixog g|aiog}xtg

]çttgig &4227!/ 94 44 &<2/>(! 82 &>1/=(!

\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/ <9 48 &>9/>(! 74 &<4/=(!

Marcjeg}xtg| q calholag}xtg|

\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/Itgmj| =6 <6 &91/7(! 72 &42/6(!

\ao hedgtij# cj| th|xc}gmj| mhc h|}xmaj mh \jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277! mhdho |ht eg}a{gmj|# qg wxh

cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj gogca{gmj| rtjlhmho mh cg| <8 xoa~ht|amgmh| gogca{gmg| ho |x th~a|aüo wxh

jnht}gdgo gcixog g|aiog}xtg thcglajogmg ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt cj wxh gc hvlcxat }jmj|

cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cg| th|}go}h| 76 xoa~ht|amgmh| wxh oj jnht}gdgo oaoixog g|aiog}xtgthcglajogmg# cj| rjtlho}gkh| mh rth|holag mh g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fgo ~a|}j aoltheho}gmj| mh egohtg gt}analagc/

Rh|h g hccj# h| ao}hth|go}h mh|}glgt lüej cg rth|holag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg gxeho}gmj

ljo hc rg|j mhc }aherj ho cg njteglaüo mh cj| nx}xtj| egh|}tj|/

Cg| eg}htag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |jo

nxomgeho}gceho}h mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j

Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg ho 4227# => mh cg| 8= eg}htag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

gogca{gmg| &hc 68#4(! htgo mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j# eaho}tg| wxh hc th|}j mh g|aiog}xtg| htgo }tjolgch|

x jdcaig}jtag|/

Ho cg th~a|aüo thgca{gmg ho 4277# jd|ht~gej| wxh h|}g latlxo|}golag |h thra}h ho cj| rcgoh| mh

h|}xmaj ho hv}aolaüo &calholag}xtg| q marcjeg}xtg|!# mjomh 6= mh cg| 777 g|aiog}xtg| gogca{gmg| &hc

98#9(! |jo g|aiog}xtg| jr}g}a~g|# gxowxh cg |a}xglaüo ehkjtg caihtgeho}h ho cj| oxh~j| rcgoh| mh

h|}xmaj mh itgmj# mjomh <8 mh cg| 98 eg}htag| gogca{gmg| &hc =>#>(! |jo mh lgtçl}ht jr}g}a~j# 4<

|jo g|aiog}xtg| jdcaig}jtag| &hc <2#>(!# q 79 |jo dç|alg| &hc 44#>(!

]gdcg 4

Lgtçl}ht mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/

H|}xmaj G|aiog}xtg| Jr}g}a~g| ]tjolgch|# jdcaig}jtag| Cadth hchllaüo

gogca{gmg| j dç|alg|

]çttgig &4227!/ 8= => &68/4(! 6 &7=/67(! %

\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/

Marcjeg}xtg| q calholag}xtg| 77 76= &98/>(! 4< &42/94(! = &</>(!

\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!/

Itgmj| 98 <8 &=>/>(! =2 &8</<(! %



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7<=/ / / / / / / / /

Hc fhlfj mh wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fgqg h|}gmj }tgmalajogceho}h rth|ho}h ho cj| rcgoh| mh

h|}xmaj mh egohtg jr}g}a~g# h|ljiamg ~jcxo}gtageho}h rjt gcixoj| h|}xmago}h|# rtj~jlg wxh hc

aergl}j mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg| ho cg rtçl}alg mjlho}h |h thmx{lg# qg wxh cg njteglaüo oj cchig g

}jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h|# |aoj |ücj g gwxhccj| wxh fgo egoanh|}gmj ao}htá| rjt h|}g }heç}alg q fgo}hoamj cg rj|adacamgm mh gllhmht g h|}g| g|aiog}xtg|/

\ao hedgtij# gc aixgc wxh ho hc grgt}gmj go}htajt# rgthlh wxh ljo cg aercgo}glaüo mh cj| oxh~j|

h|}xmaj| mh itgmj h|}g latlxo|}golag h|}ç ehkjtgomj |ho|adcheho}h# qg wxh ho cj| h|}xmaj| mh

itgmj gogca{gmj| cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh lgtçl}ht dç|alj x jdcaig}jtaj |jo |xrhtajth| ho oûehtj g cg|

g|aiog}xtg| jr}g}a~g|/ H|}g latlxo|}golag rgthlh |xihtat xog laht}g ehkjtg ho cg |a}xglaüo mh h|}h

çeda}j mh h|}xmaj mho}tj mh cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj/

Goçca|a| mhc ljo}hoamj mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| gogca{gmg|

\jtagoj q Rh÷gc~g &4277!# fgo gogca{gmj gmheç| hc ljo}hoamj mh cj| }å}xcj| mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg|

thcglajogmg| ljo hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# h|}gdchlahomj 9 lg}hijtåg| wxh |h ljtth|rjomho ljo cg

rth|holag mh 9 }áteaoj| lcg~h ho hc }å}xcj mh cg eg}htag; ao}htlxc}xtgc# ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc#

exc}alxc}xtgc# aixgcmgm# iáohtj# aoeaitglaüo h aolcx|aüo/

\a ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh egia|}htaj gogca{gej| cg rth|holag mh h|}j| }áteaoj| ho cj| }å}xcj|

mh cg| g|aiog}xtg|# holjo}tgej| wxh hc }áteaoj –ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc― h| hc eç| herchgmj# qg wxh

grgthlh ho 79 g|aiog}xtg| mh marcjeg}xtg q }gedaáo ho 79 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj#

Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho 1 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/

Hc |aixaho}h }áteaoj eç| x}aca{gmj h| hc }áteaoj –ao}htlxc}xtgc―# wxh grgthlh ho 74 g|aiog}xtg| mh

marcjeg}xtg# ho 6 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho = g|aiog}xtg| mhc

itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/

Naogceho}h# ccgeg cg g}holaüo hc fhlfj mh wxh hc }áteaoj –aolcx|aüo― h|}gdg rth|ho}h }go |ücj ho

xog g|aiog}xtg mh marcjeg}xtg# eaho}tg| wxh grgthlh ho > g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj#

Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# q ho 9 g|aiog}xtg| mhc itgmj mh Egia|}htaj# Hmxlglaüo Aongo}ac/ Hccj h|

rtjdgdcheho}h xo thnchkj mhc aerxc|j wxh h|}ç hvrhtaeho}gomj ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| hc ej~aeaho}j

mh cg| h|lxhcg| aolcx|a~g|# ho hc wxh |h gdgomjog cg go}htajt egohtg mh gdjtmgt rjt |hrgtgmj cgg}holaüo g h|}xmago}h| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|# ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh

ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# mh aoljtrjtglaüo }gtmåg gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j# |xrhtmj}gmj|# h}l/# q |h

rg|g g xo honjwxh dg|gmj ho cg lthglaüo mh h|lxhcg| thgceho}h aolcx|a~g|# ho wxh }jmj| cj|

h|}xmago}h|# cj| rtjnh|jth|# q cg| ngeacag| }ahoho hc mhthlfj g rht}hohlht g xog ljexoamgm#

aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x rtjlhmholag |jlagc# lxc}xtgc j amhjcüialg/










<%% Th}j| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|

Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |xrjoh hc mh|gttjccj mh cg hmxlglaüo g}homahomj g cg| manhtholag|

lxc}xtgch|/ Lxgomj fgdcgej| mh ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# rjmhej| }jegt ho lxho}g cg ma~ht|amgmthcglajogmg ljo cg| ma|}ao}g| lxc}xtg|# gxowxh exlfg| ~hlh| |h ao}tjmxlho ~gtagdch| oxh~g|# ljej

rxhmho |ht cg| manhtholag| caoióå|}alg|# j thcaiaj|g| x j}tg| manhtholag| thcglajogmg| ljo cg|

lgrglamgmh|/ Ljolth}gt cg ma~ht|amgm h| xog rtaehtg hvaiholag q ohlh|gtag lxgomj h|}gej|

fgdcgomj mhc g~golh mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Rgtg wxh |h rtjmx{lg xo

g~golh mho}tj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| mhdhej| }hoht ho lxho}g gcixoj| g|rhl}j| wxh |xrjoho

xo th}j rgtg cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|;

%% Cg ao}tjmxllaüo mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cj| manhtho}h| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h fg

mh thgca{gt g }tg~á| mh cj| Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| wxh ma|h÷go cj| rtjraj| lho}tj|/ H|}j|

Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| |jo cj| h|rglaj| jtigoa{g}a~j| mjomh |h h|}gdchlho cg nacj|jnåg hamho}amgm mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j# q mjomh |h jtigoa{go cj| h|rglaj| wxh |h ~go g mhmalgt g

cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm q g cg gljiamg gc gcxeogmj mh ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| j wxh

rtj~ahoho mh j}tj ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc/ H|}gdchlht dxhoj| Rtjqhl}j| Hmxlg}a~j| hvaih xo

}tgdgkj rgtg h|}gdchlht cg ljo~a~holag mh cg ma~ht|amgm# lthgomj h|lxhcg| ljertho|a~g|

h aolcx|a~g|/ Rgtg hccj mhdho njeho}gt|h cg| gmgr}glajoh| lxttalxcgth|# g|å ljej hc

ma|h÷j mh cg| gxcg| ma~ht|analgmg| q ljjrhtg}a~g|/ Ljo|hixat wxh cg ma~ht|amgm |hg hc

rtaolaraj wxh ao|rath cg hmxlglaüo ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h| cg rtaehtg amhg rgtg

gclgo{gt hc maçcjij ho}th cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|/ Lxgomj cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |h taiho

rjt cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc |h fglh ohlh|gtaj thgca{gt lgedaj| rgtg gmgr}gt cg| h|}txl}xtg|

jtigoa{g}a~g| &H||jedg# 422>!/

%% Gmgr}gt hc lxttålxcxe g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc hvaih hc goçca|a| mh cg| ma|}ao}g| g|aiog}xtg|

wxh ljonjtego hc lxttålxcxe/ Lxgomj gogca{gej| cj| ljo}hoamj| q }tg}gej| mh gmgr}gtcj|

g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| lxgomj rjmhej| rho|gt wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc herah{g g

}jegt njteg/ Rhtj# oj th|xc}g nçlac# |jdth }jmj rjt cg| rth|ajoh| mh cj| itxrj| lxc}xtgch|

mjeaogo}h|# wxh }heho rhtmht rth|}aiaj q rjmht ho cj| h|rglaj| |jlagch|/ H|}gdchlht xoj|

ljo}hoamj| ihohtgch| wxh fgo mh |ht grthomamj| rjt }jmj| cj| h|}xmago}h| oj |xhch

dhohnalagt g cj| h|}xmago}h| mh eaojtåg| á}oalg| j mh itxrj| lxc}xtgch| oj mjeaogo}h|/ H|}j

h| g|å rjtwxh |aho}ho wxh |x| ljo}hoamj| q |x| thnhtholag| |aedücalg| oj h|}ço rth|ho}h|ho hc h|rglaj rûdcalj mh cg| gxcg|/ H|}g egtiaoglaüo mh ljo}hoamj| |xrjoh xo mxtj ijcrh gc

th|rh}j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh exlfg| rht|jog|/ Ljo|hixat wxh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh

glxmho g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| |aho}go |x amho}amgm lxc}xtgc rtj}hiamg h| xo rtaeht rg|j

rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg| lxc}xtg|/ Mh j}tj ejmj# cg g|aeacglaüo lxc}xtgc |h ljo~aht}h ho hc

rgtgmaieg mjeaogo}h &Dh|gcû# 422>!/

%% Cg aegiho mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h| xo g|rhl}j g }hoht ho lxho}g/ Lxgomj |h ho}tg g

xo lho}tj hmxlg}a~j oj| holjo}tgej| ljo aeçihoh|# rü|}ht|# njcch}j|# lxgmtj| q j}tj|

hcheho}j| mhljtg}a~j| wxh oj| mhkgo ho}th~ht cg amhg hmxlg}a~g mhc lho}tj/ Ho h|}g|

aeçihoh| itçnalg| wxhmg th}tg}gmj hc Rtjqhl}j Hmxlg}a~j q cg amhg mh cg ma~ht|amgmlxc}xtgc wxh |h ego}ahoh mho}tj mhc lho}tj/ Lxgomj |h gogca{go }jmj| cj| hcheho}j|

eholajogmj| |h rxhmh ljolcxat wxá }arj mh hmxlglaüo }tgo|ea}h hc lho}tj q |a jr}g rjt cg





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=2/ / / / / / / / /

}tgdgkgo q mhnaoho cj| ~gcjth| rgtg gclgo{gt |jlahmgmh| eç| th|rh}xj|g| ljo cj| j}tj| q#

rjt }go}j# eç| ao}hitgmjtg| &]jmjtj~# 4226!/

%% Lxgomj h|}gej| fgdcgomj mh cg |jcamgtamgm ljo j}tg| rht|jog| q j}tj| rxhdcj|#h|}gej| }tgdgkgomj eg}htagch| rgtg cg hmxlglaüo q hc mh|gttjccj/ H|}j| eg}htagch| |jo

ohlh|gtaj| ho cg| gxcg|# qg wxh rhtea}ho gercagt cg ~a|aüo wxh |h }ahoh mh j}tj| ljo}hv}j|

q rgå|h|/ Exlfg| ~hlh| h| ohlh|gtaj wxh h|}j| eg}htagch| ho}tho ho gllaüo rgtg mgt

lxho}g mh cg ohlh|amgm mh mh|gttjccgt j}tj| rxhdcj| q j}tg| ljexoamgmh|/ Rgtg hccj#

|ho|adaca{gt g cg| |jlahmgmh| h| xo dxho ljeaho{j# }hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh cj| thlxt|j|

hljoüealj| q eg}htagch| |jo h|lg|j| q wxh h| ohlh|gtaj gqxmgt g j}tj| rxhdcj| ho |x

mh|gttjccj# |jdth }jmj lxgomj cj| ijdahtoj| oj hkhtlho h|}g nxolaüo/

%% Hc rxhdcj ia}goj }gedaáo h|}ç rth|ho}h ho gcixoj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# gxowxh oj mh

egohtg mheg|agmj nthlxho}h/ \aixh |ahomj xo itgo mh|ljojlamj ljej rxhdcj lxc}xtgc q}ahoh aerjt}golag wxh cj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| oj| glhtwxho |x lxc}xtg q |x

rtjdcheç}alg |jlagc/ Mh h|}h ejmj# cj| h|}xmago}h| q hc rtjnh|jtgmj rxhmho }jegt

ljolaholag mh cg ohlh|amgm mh }hoht ho lxho}g h|}h ljchl}a~j q rjmht ho}homht |x rtjrag

amaj|aoltg|ag/ Ljojlht gc j}tj h| hc rtaeht rg|j rgtg rjmht ho}homht# q g|å# rjmht

ljexoalgt|h/ Jnthlht eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| q lxttalxcgth| wxh gercåho cj| ljo}hoamj| q

oj| jnth{lgo mg}j| h aonjteglajoh| |jdth hc rxhdcj ia}goj h| aerjt}go}h/ Hc rxhdcj

ia}goj |h lgtgl}hta{g rjt xog| rtçl}alg| lxc}xtgch| wxh |h manhtholago mh cg |jlahmgm

mjeaogo}h# q hccj rtj~jlg |a}xglajoh| rtjdcheç}alg|# wxh exlfg| ~hlh| th|rjomho gc

mh|ljojlaeaho}j q cg aiojtgolag/ Gclgo{gt ljo h|}j| eg}htagch| xo egqjt ljojlaeaho}j

mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog q mh |x lxc}xtg h| h|holagc rgtg rtjmxlat xo lgedaj ho cg|

thcglajoh| ao}htlxc}xtgch| &Igehccg q \çolfh{%Extj|# 7116!/

%% Ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg aoeaitglaüo# ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j|# |h fg rtjmxlamj xog hojteh

~gtahmgm lxc}xtgc ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm/ Cg tawxh{g lxc}xtgc fg gxeho}gmj q hccj fg rtj~jlgmj

cg ohlh|amgm mh ljojlht g cj| j}tj| q mh ho}homht cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|/ H|}j fg ng~jthlamj

hc gxeho}j mh cj| eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j| wxh }tgdgkgo cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| gxcg|/ \h

fg gogca{gmj rjtwxá |h rtjmxlho cg| eaitglajoh|# |x| lgx|g| q |x| ljo|hlxholag|#

}hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh h| xo rtjlh|j ljerchkj wxh }ahoh go}hlhmho}h| hljoüealj|# rhtj

}gedaáo |jlagch| q rjcå}alj|/ H|}j |h fg mh|gttjccgmj ho eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# }hoahomj holxho}g wxh cj| eg}htagch| grgthlho ho nxolaüo mh cg| ljexoamgmh| egqjta}gtag|/ G|å# |h fgo

jd|ht~gmj eg}htagch| |jdth cg| ljexoamgmh| mh rgå|h| mhc Egithd# |xd|gfgtagoj| q mh

rgå|h| mhc h|}h mh Hxtjrg# g|å ljej mh rgå|h| cg}aojgehtalgoj|# h|rhlagceho}h mh

Hlxgmjt# mh Ljcjedag q mh Gtiho}aog/ H| aerjt}go}h mh|}glgt wxh cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg|

lxc}xtgch| |jo ma|}ao}g| q hccj ljercalg |x ho}homaeaho}j# rjtwxh lgmg ljexoamgm |h

lgtgl}hta{g rjt xoj| mh}hteaogmj| g|rhl}j|/ Ljo|}txat dxhoj| eg}htagch| ho h|}h çthg#

|xrjoh manhtholagt ho}th eg}htagch| thcglajogmj| ljo hc rtjlh|j mh cg heaitglaüo q mh cg

aoeaitglaüo# q ho}th eg}htagch| wxh h|rhlanalgo q hvrcalgo cj| thnhtho}h| lxc}xtgch| mh xog

ljexoamgm mh}hteaogmg/ Mh lgmg ljo}hv}j lxc}xtgc q mh lgmg ljexoamgm |h rxhmho

holjo}tgt eg}htagch|# rhtj h| eç| ljercalgmj lxgomj fgq rjlg| rht|jog| mh xo ljo}hv}jlxc}xtgc manhtho}h j mh xo rgå| rhwxh÷j/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7=7/ / / / / / / / /

%%Cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j h| aerjt}go}h rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Njt}gchlht cg jtigoa{glaüo# ho h|}h |ho}amj# |xrjoh mh|gttjccgt lho}tj| eç| gdaht}j|# rcxtgch| q

th|rh}xj|j| ljo cg manhtholag q cg ma~ht|amgm/ H| aerjt}go}h gogca{gt cg thgcamgm q ljo|hixat xog

ehkjtg ho cg gt}alxcglaüo mhc lho}tj ljo cg| rht|jog| wxh ljerjoho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/\h rxhmho gogca{gt gcixoj| g|rhl}j| mh cg| jtigoa{glajoh| hmxlg}a~g| wxh }ahoho

aerjt}golag ho hc }heg mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Rjt hkhercj# |jo mh itgo aerjt}golag cg

gljiamg q hc gitxrgeaho}j mh cj| h|}xmago}h|# ljolhmahomj aerjt}golag g |x jtaiho q

}tgdgkgomj rjt cg rchog ao}hitglaüo &]jecao|jo# 4227!/ Aixgceho}h# cg g|aioglaüo mh cj| }x}jth|

kxhig xo rgrhc thch~go}h# qg wxh |h ljo~aht}ho ho hc hoigolfh ho}th cj| h|}xmago}h| q hc th|}j

mhc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j/ Hc }x}jt }ahoh cg rj|adacamgm mh hkhtlht xo rgrhc mh ao}hitgmjt |jlagc# qg

wxh goaeg g cj| h|}xmago}h| g }jegt rgt}h gl}a~g ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ H|}h rgrhc |h

g|xeh q dhohnalag g cg| rht|jog| wxh ljergt}ho cg| gxcg| q cj| lho}tj|# |ahomj xog h|}aeg

aerjt}go}h rgtg hc gcxeogmj/ J}tj g|rhl}j mh itgo ao}htá| |jo cj| fjtgtaj| mh mhmalglaüo mhc

rtjnh|jtgmj mh grjqj# qg wxh ljo |x }aherj q mhmalglaüo gqxmgo g cj| h|}xmago}h| ho |xrtjlh|j mh ao}hitglaüo q ho |x grthoma{gkh/ Ljo|hixat wxh cj| h|}xmago}h| thljoj{lgo hc

rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jtgmj h| aerjt}go}h q# gmheç|# }tgdgkgo rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj rxhmg jd}hoht

dxhoj| th|xc}gmj| glgmáealj| q |jlagch|/ Ho lxgo}j g cg gqxmg wxh rth|}go gc gcxeogmj#

mh|}glgo cg| gxcg| RG\H &Rtjitgeg mh Gljiamg gc \a|}heg Hmxlg}a~j! q hc RTJG &Rcgo mh

Thnxht{j# Jtaho}glaüo q Grjqj! wxh |h ljo~aht}ho ho thnhtho}h| mhc grthoma{gkh q ho xoj|

thlxt|j| ~gcaj|j| rjt cg lgrglamgm mh ao}hitglaüo wxh jnthlho/ ]jmj h|}h }tgdgkj h| mhla|a~j q

hvaih xog lgrglamgm mh h|nxht{j q mh rcgoanalglaüo rjt rgt}h mhc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Th~a|gt cg|

jtigoa{glajoh| hmxlg}a~g| h| rjt }go}j h|holagc rgtg hc nx}xtj mh cg| rht|jog| wxh glxmho

magtageho}h g cg| gxcg|/

%% Naogceho}h# cg ngeacag h| xo racgt dç|alj ho hc mh|gttjccj q hc grthoma{gkh mh cj|

h|}xmago}h|/ Aercalgt g cg| ngeacag| ho cg ~amg mhc lho}tj h| xo itgo jdkh}a~j hmxlg}a~j wxh

rht|aixho cg egqjtåg mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Lxgomj cg| ngeacag| |h |aho}ho gljiamg|

q rxhmho hvrth|gt |x rtjrag amho}amgm ljo cadht}gm# |h aoalag xo lgeaoj wxh oj }ahoh

~xhc}g/ Ao}tjmxlat|h ho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g h| xo rg|j fglag cg ao}hitglaüo |jlagc#

rhtj h|}j hvaih hojteh| h|nxht{j| rjt gedg| rgt}h|/ Cg| ngeacag| aoeaitgmg| q cg| wxh

rht}hohlho g cg| eaojtåg| á}oalg|# g|å ljej cg| ngeacag| mh itxrj| lxc}xtgch| oj

mjeaogo}h|# |h holxho}tgo ho xog |a}xglaüo mh aonhtajtamgm lxc}xtgc q mh aomhnho|aüo/

H|}j |h }tgmxlh ho eahmj| h ao|hixtamgmh| rgtg hc ljo}gl}j ljo hc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Gmheç|# j}tj g|rhl}j wxh aoncxqh h| hc caoióå|}alj# qg wxh mjeaogt hc amajeg h| xog

rxht}g fglag cg ljexoalglaüo/ Ho lgedaj# lxgomj oj |h mjeaog h| j}tj rtjdcheg

g÷gmamj gc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| ojteg| q thicg| mh cg |jlahmgm mh gljiamg/ Mjeaogt

cj| lümaij| x}aca{gmj| ho cg |jlahmgm mh gljiamg hvaih hojteh| h|nxht{j| rht|jogch|# q

oj |aherth |h mjeaogo mh ejmj tçramj/ Ljo|}txat xo ho}homaeaho}j ljo cg| ngeacag| h|

h|holagc rgtg }hoht áva}j ho cg hmxlglaüo# q rgtg hccj fgq wxh lthgt dxhoj| lgogch| mh

rgt}alarglaüo/ Gclgo{gt cg| lj}g| mh dxhog rgt}alarglaüo rxhmh ljeho{gt ljo hc

ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h| ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# q ho cg aercalglaüo mh

cg| ngeacag| q |x| lxc}xtg| ho hc }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j/ Ljo|hixat wxh cg ngeacag rgt}alarh h| xo

rg|j# q rgtg hccj rxhmh |ht mh itgo ao}htá| lthgt H|lxhcg| mh Ngeacag| &j |a |h rthnahthH|lxhcg| mh Egmth| q Rgmth|!# wxh rhtea}go ljojlht cg thgcamgm |jlagc q hmxlg}a~g# g|å

ljej rjmht ho}homht cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh lgmg ngeacag/




=%% Rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg

Xog ~h{ gogca{gmg cg |a}xglaüo gl}xgc ho lxgo}j g cj| h|}xmaj| wxh fgo gogca{gmj cg| lthholag| q

gl}a}xmh| mh cj| egh|}tj| q nx}xtj| egh|}tj| fglag cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg|# cgnjteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc rtjnh|jtgmj# q cj| manhtho}h| th}j| wxh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

rcgo}hg ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# cgo{gej| g ljo}aoxglaüo oxh|}tg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg;

H| ohlh|gtaj rth|}gt eç| g}holaüo g cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg|

gl}a}xmh| q lthholag| fglag cg aoeaitglaüo q cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Ho hc rtaeht hråitgnh mh h|}h lgrå}xcj |h fg rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j wxh cg| gl}a}xmh| mhc rtjnh|jtgmj

&q cj wxh h| eç| rthjlxrgo}h# mhc nx}xtj rtjnh|jtgmj!# oj h| }jmj cj rj|a}a~g fglag cg ma~ht|amgm

lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| ljej lgdtåg h|rhtgt/ Rjt hccj ljo|amhtgej| wxh h| aerth|laomadch rth|}gt

cg |xnalaho}h g}holaüo g h|}h g|rhl}j# q herthomht gllajoh| wxh rtjexh~go cg }jeg mh ljolaholagmh h|}g latlxo|}golag# cg thnchvaüo# q cg| rtjrxh|}g| mh ehkjtg ohlh|gtag| rgtg ljo|hixat wxh cg

ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg| h|lxhcg| oj |hg ljo}hercgmg ho oaoiûo lg|j ljej xo rtjdcheg j ljej

xo –}tgdgkj hv}tg― rgtg hc rtjnh|jtgmj# |aoj wxh |h cg ljo|amhth xo hcheho}j hotawxhlhmjt rgtg hc

rtjraj rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/

Rgtg hccj# lthhej| wxh hc thrcgo}hgeaho}j mhc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh cj| lho}tj|# cg ehkjtg mh cg

ljexoalglaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg# q cg rtjejlaüo mh gl}a~amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| holgeaogmg| g ng~jthlht xog

~htmgmhtg ao}hitglaüo &oj g|aeacglaüo! mhc gcxeogmj mh lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag| rxhmho |ht cj| hcheho}j|

wxh egtwxho cg| cåohg| g |hixat rgtg ljo|hixat xog hmxlglaüo thgceho}h ao}htlxc}xtgc/

H| ohlh|gtaj ehkjtgt cg njteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc

çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Ljej |h fg rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j ho hc |hixomj hråitgnh# cg njteglaüo aoalagc q ljo}aoxg mhc

rtjnh|jtgmj ho hc çeda}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| jdkh}a~geho}h ao|xnalaho}h# q h| ohlh|gtaj aolcxat

gc ehoj| xog g|aiog}xtg jdcaig}jtag ho cj| rcgoh| mh h|}xmaj mh cj| nx}xtj| egh|}tj| q rtjnh|jth|/

Rhtj gmheç|# lthhej| wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh hc ljo}hoamj mh h|}g| g|aiog}xtg| oj |h caea}h g

g|rhl}j| ehtgeho}h ljolhr}xgch|# j thcglajogmj| ljo ljo}hoamj| }hütalj|/ H| ohlh|gtaj thgca{gtxo h|nxht{j rgtg aoljtrjtgt ho cg njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo hc lgedaj

mh gl}a}xmh|# ljo cg thnchvaüo |jdth cg rtjrag rtçl}alg# q ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo ho rtjqhl}j| mh

aooj~glaüo hmxlg}a~g q mh ao~h|}aiglaüo%gllaüo# qg wxh rgtg ao}tjmxlat lgedaj| thgceho}h

rhtlhr}adch| ho cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| h| ohlh|gtaj oj |ücj cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q

oxh~g| mh|}th{g| ljioa}a~g|# |aoj }gedaáo cg rj|adacamgm mh rjohtcg| ho rtçl}alg/ G h|}h th|rhl}j#

h| ao}hth|go}h cg rtjrxh|}g mh Kjtmço &7116!# ho cg wxh rtjrjoh xo ejmhcj mh hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc dg|gmj ho }th| }arj| mh h|}tg}hiag|; cg ejmanalglaüo mh gl}a}xmh| g rgt}at mh cg

gx}jljertjdglaüo ~a~holagc# hc grthoma{gkh rjt aoeht|aüo ho lho}tj| exc}alxc}xtgch|# q hc lgedaj

mh cg |hlxholag mhmxl}a~g }tgmalajogc &}hjtåg%eh}jmjcjiåg%grcalglaüo thgc! rjt xo rtjlh|j njteg}a~j

gc}htog}a~j &rtçl}alg%}hjtåg%ao~h|}aiglaüo%gllaüo%thnchvaüo!/





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7==/ / / / / / / / /

hc rtjnh|jtgmj rxhmh }jegt ljolaholag mhc }arj mh lxc}xtg| rth|ho}h|# j daho# mhc }arj mh lxc}xtg|

gx|ho}h|/ Ljo|}txat lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| th|rh}xj|j| ljo cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc rgt}h mhc goçca|a| mh

wxá }arj mh grthoma{gkh| |h h|}ço rtjmxlahomj/

Rgtg naogca{gt h|}h lgrå}xcj# |htåg aerjt}go}h rcgo}hgt wxh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc |xrjoh xo h|nxht{j

g thgca{gt rjt rgt}h mh }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g/ Rtaehtj# rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh njtegt|h q

gmgr}gt cg| lthholag| q cg| gl}a}xmh| g cj| oxh~j| }aherj|# q |hixomj rjt cj wxh |xrjoh rgtg hc

grthoma{gkh mh cj| mjlho}h| hontho}gt|h g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/ Ehkjtgomj cg njteglaüo aoalagej|

xo lgeaoj# rhtj h|}h lgeaoj cch~g grgthkgmj cg }tgo|njteglaüo ao}hitgc mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|#

fglahomj mh hccj| h|rglaj| rgtg hc th|rh}j q ~gcjtglaüo mh cg manhtholag q cg ma~ht|amgm/ Lxgomj

h|}gej| ljo|}txqhomj lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| ljo h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# h|}gej| ljo}tadxqhomj g lthgt

|jlahmgmh| ma|}ao}g|# aolcx|j ehkjth|/ H|}h lgeaoj |xrjoh xo h|nxht{j mh ao}hitgt gc gcxeogmj

ma~ht|j# rhtj h| xo lgeaoj cchoj mh dglfh| q mh jrjt}xoamgmh|/ \a oxh|}tg ~a|aüo h| cchogt cj|

dglfh| q wxh oj |h ~hgo# rhtmhthej| cg jrjt}xoamgm mh ljo|}txat xo oxh~j lgeaoj wxh ehkjth cj|lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# rhtj |jdth }jmj cg| thcglajoh| q cg ljo~a~holag/ G h|}g }gthg fg mh mhmalgt|h hc

rtjnh|jtgmj wxh lthg ho |jlahmgmh| ao}htlxc}xtgch|# q á|}h h| oxh|}tj mh|hj/





// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7=>/ / / / / / / / /

CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC Q CJ\ THLXT\J\

RGTG CG

LJERH]HOLAG

AO]HTLXC]XTGCHO HMXLGLAÜORTAEGTAG Q

\HLXOMGTAG

LGRÅ]XCJ9

Kj|hr Cgljedg Dç{wxh{4>




7%% Cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc; cg ljo~htiholag ho}th cg go}tjrjcjiåg lxc}xtgc q cg rhmgijiåg

Cj| rgtçeh}tj| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm fgo amj lgedagomj rtjith|a~geho}h mh|mh cj| rj|}xcgmj|}hütalj| mh naogch| cj| g÷j| |h}ho}g q rtaolaraj| mh cj| jlfho}g# lxgomj cj| ejmhcj| }hütalj|

herh{gtjo g mhnaoat|h# rg|gej| ho cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g g xo ejmhcj mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm wxh

rth|xrjoh oj |ücj cg ao}hitglaüo q cg g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g g cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gcxeogmj# |aoj wxh

aoljtrjtg cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej rgt}h h|holagc mh cg aolcx|a~amgm hmxlg}a~g/

Hc }áteaoj h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g h| nxomgeho}gc ho cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| hmxlg}a~j| ao}htlxc}xtgch|; |a

daho cg aolcx|a~amgm ao}htlxc}xtgc |xtih ho cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g# |x aercgo}glaüo rtjith|a~g

njteg rgt}h mh cj| rtjitgeg| mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q ljo hccj| hc mh|}aog}gtaj nxomgeho}gc#

wxh h| cg }j}gcamgm mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# wxh mh h|}g egohtg |h ljo~aht}h ho fhttgeaho}g}tgo|njtegmjtg wxh hoicjdg lxgcwxaht g|rhl}j hmxlg}a~j h aolamh nxomgeho}gceho}h |jdth hc

rtjlh|j mh ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh ho }jmg| |x| maeho|ajoh|/

Mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j mathl}j mh j}tg| lxc}xtg|# |h rj|adaca}ü ho itgo ehmamg cg ljo~htiholag# g

aoalaj| mh cg málgmg mh cj| jlfho}g# ho}th go}tjrjcjiåg q rhmgijiåg wxh lta|}gca{ü ho cj|

rcgo}hgeaho}j| nxomglajogch| mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh }tg|cgmü g cg| gxcg| cg rj|adacamgm

mh ljo|hixat xog }tgo|nhtholag ao}htlxc}xtgc h|}txl}xtgmg q dg|gmg ho rcgo}hgeaho}j| ao}hitgmjth|/

Cg málgmg mh cj| jlfho}g rth|ho}g xog lgtgl}htå|}alg rtjrag ljo cg attxrlaüo mh ejmhcj|

ao}htlxc}xtgch| ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j/ G cj cgtij mh cg málgmg mh cj| oj~ho}g# hc nhoüehoj mh cg

aoeaitglaüo |xrjoh xo thrcgo}hgeaho}j mh cj| ejmhcj| fg|}g ho}jolh| ~aiho}h| q xog

thh|}txl}xtglaüo mh cj| ea|ej|/ Qg ho hc |aicj VVA# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm thrcgo}hg cj| ejmhcj| mh

Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc q thnjtexcg |x| rcgo}hgeaho}j|# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mhc |aicj VVA/

Ho mhnaoa}a~g# hc ljojlaeaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| aerth|laomadch rgtg xog Hmxlglaüo

Ao}htlxc}xtgc ao}hitgc# qg wxh oj rjmhej| ~gcjtgt gwxhccj wxh mh|ljojlhej|/ Exlfj| mh cj|

ljoncal}j|# rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|49

rtjlhmho mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc j}tj q mh }jmj gwxhccj wxh oj| rxhmh grjt}gt q wxh rjmhej|

ljergt}at mh|mh cg thlartjlamgm q cg ao}htgllaüo/

4> Kj|hr Cgljedg Dç{wxh{/ Ehmagmjt Lxc}xtgc/ Jnalaog mh Gljiamg gc Gcxeogmj Aoeaitgo}h#

Mathllaüo ]htta}jtagc mh Hmxlglaüo mh ^gcholag/ Ljtthj hchl}tüoalj; aoeaitgo}h|Z~gcBi~g/h|/








Rjt h|j h| }go aerjt}go}h wxh fgigej| x|j ho hc gxcg mh cg| choixg| mh jtaiho# rjtwxh |ao hccg|

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mhc Ao|}a}x}j cj wxh eç| ch ix|}gdg mh |x laxmgm; ho~agtjo xo ljtthj hchl}tüoalj g Rtgig

q ch| egomgtjo nj}j|# Eachog fa{j cg }tgmxllaüo mh xo }hv}j mh Ntgo{ @gn`g# ch| hvrcalü

wxh ho |x rgå| |h holjo}tü hc Lümalh ^jqoalf# hc cadtj eç| hv}tg÷j wxh kgeç| |h fgdågh|lta}j# Rtgig htg ljojlamg ljej cg laxmgm mh cj| Gcwxaea|}g| wxahoh| |h h|}gdchlahtjo

ho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/ Ho hc |aicj VV cg| ~goixgtmag| gmwxatahtjo itgo thch~golag#

rjt h|j Rtgig h| cg laxmgm mhc exomj ljo eç| hmanalaj| lxda|}g|/ Rjt cg }gtmh nxh g

~a|a}gt hc rgtwxh mh cg Og}xtgch{g# gccå ~aj rjt rtaehtg ~h{ xo rh{ |gc}gtåo mhc ngoij; oxolg

go}h| fgdåg ~a|}j ogmg aixgc# xo rh{ ljo hv}theamgmh| mhcgo}htg|# wxh |gcåg q ho}tgdg

mhc gixg# ~a~åg ho cj| egoicgth| mh cj| egth| lçcamj|/ ]gedaáo rxmj ~ht xo lgoithkj

lglhtjcg/ Ch holgo}ü hc Ex|hj mh Dhog}`q mjomh wxh |h ma|ntg{ü ljo }tgkh| mhc |aicj VÂ

q chqü cadtj| mh cg árjlg# rx|j |x| rah| |jdth cg cåohg mhc ehtamagoj wxh }tg{ü hc

g|}tüojej ]qlfj Dtgfh ho hc |xhcj mhc lg|}accj# rg|hü rjt |x| |gcg| ho cg| wxh fgdåg xo

mjceho rthfa|}ütalj q xo mtxamg wxh ch| ho|h÷gdg cj| |hlth}j| mh cg árjlg mh cj|ejoxeho}j| ehigcå}alj|/ â|a}ü hc Rjt}ejohxe mh Ca}je|qc cg lg|g mhc rao}jt Kj|hn

^glfgc# |h wxhmü g|jedtgmg# rgthmh| ho cg| wxh fgdåg rao}gmj |x| lxgmtj|#

mathl}geho}h# hv}tg÷g| naixtg| ljo gcg|# |hth| ea}jcüialj|# rga|gkh|# xog gtg÷g mh

egmhtg gmjtogdg cg |accg mh |x h|}xmaj# hc Rjt}ejohxe htg xo cxigt ûoalj# xog jdtg mh

gt}h# oaoiûo j}tj gt}a|}g fgdåg aoejt}gca{gmj xo cxigt mh h|h ejmj# x|gomj ljej caho{j

cg| rgthmh| mh |x lg|g# }go ~gcaj|g ljej |x rtjrag jdtg―/

Nxho}h; ]hv}j ]HLAR\ –Gt}h q laholag rjt }ahttg| mh Djfheag―% Kj|hr Cgljedg 4277

Cj| ]HLAR\ rhtea}ho }tgdgkgt cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| }gc q ljej naixtgo ho hc |aixaho}h

h|wxheg# |jo }hv}j| gdaht}j| wxh xog ~h{ hcgdjtgmj| rhtea}ho at g÷gmahomj |xihtholag|# oxh~g|

grjt}glajoh|# acx|}tglajoh|# nj}jitgnåg|/

Mh lgmg }hv}j |xtiho gl}a~amgmh| wxh ljtth|rjomho g xo çthg mh}hteaogmg mhc lxttalxcxe# mh

ejmj wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh| |h rxhmho gmgr}gt g cj| manhtho}h| oa~hch| ho cj| wxh oxh|}tj|

gcxeoj|*g| |h holxho}tho# ljo xog ljomalaüo dç|alg; mhdho rhtea}at hc áva}j h|ljcgt/

Gc ea|ej }aherj wxh oj| rhtea}ho at mh|lxdtahomj oxh|}tj| httjth| rgtg |hixat g~go{gomj# rhtj

rgt}ahomj |aherth mh cg rthea|g wxh hc }hv}j th|rjomg g oxh|}tg| rj|adacamgmh|/

\jdth xo ]HLAR\ rjmhej| rcgo}hgt rtjdcheg| eg}heç}alj|# ljtthllajoh| jt}jitçnalg|#

~jlgdxcgtaj| h|rhlånalj|# ljo|}txllajoh| mh oxh~j| }hv}j|# goçca|a| q ljeho}gtaj| mh }hv}j|#

mh|gttjccgt dajitgnåg| mh cj| rht|jogkh| láchdth| wxh grgthlho ho cj| ea|ej|# mh|ltarlajoh| mhc

ejeho}j fa|}ütalj ho wxh |h mh|gttjccg hc ]HLAR# ljolth}gt xdalglajoh| ihjitçnalg|# madxkgt

egrg| mh cj| cxigth| ho cj| wxh }tgo|lxttho/

Cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh cj| ]HLAR\ |jo egqjth| g ehmamg wxh |h ~go }tgdgkgomj q |h ~g

mh|lxdtahomj wxh }jmj| q }jmg| rjmhej| thgca{g| oxh|}tg| th|rhl}a~g| grjt}glajoh| q wxh oj

|ücj hc choixgkh h|lta}j njteg rgt}h mhc ]HLAR\ |aoj wxh }gedaáo g rgt}at mh hccj| rjmhej| }tgdgkgt

hc choixgkh mhc lüeal# cg gl}a~amgm rcç|}alg &h|lxc}xtg ho dgttj q egmhtg# rgrhc eglfá# rao}xtg!#mtgeg}a{glajoh|# laoh%njtxe%%




Xo ]HLAR\ h| eç| wxh xo }hv}j rtjrageho}h malfj; h| xo }hv}j eûc}arch# rj|adaca}gmjt mh j}tj| choixgkh|

g rgt}at mhc }hv}j# q gc ea|ej }aherj h| xo }hv}j wxh |h thhcgdjtg ljo|}go}heho}h# mhc wxh rxhmho at

mh|grgthlahomj hcheho}j| h aoljtrjtçomj|h j}tj| oxh~j| wxh th|rjomgo g cg ej}a~glaüo q g cj|

ao}hth|h| mh cj| gcxeoj|*g| wxh g |x ~h{ |jo rtj}gijoa|}g| mh |x hcgdjtglaüo q mh|gttjccj/

Naixtg 8

Ljoncxholag ao}htlxc}xtgc mh ljerh}holag| dç|alg| h ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| g }tg~á| mh }hv}j| hcgdjtgmj|

rgtg cg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm

Nxho}h; EH]JMJCJIAG ]HLAR\# Kj|hr Cgljedg 4226

THLXT\J\

7/ Ljerh}holag holjexoalglaüo caoióå|}alg/

THLXT\J\EH]JMJCJIAG

4/ Ljerh}holag eg}heç}alg

</ Ljerh}holag hohc ljojlaeaho}j q cg ao}htgllaüoljo hc exomj nå|alj

=/ Ljerh}holag ho hc]tg}geaho}j mh cg Aonjteglaüoq ljerh}holag maia}gc

Ao}hcaiholag Caoióå|}alg

Ao}hcaiholagCüialj%Eg}heç}alg

Ao}hcaiholagH|rglagc

Ao}hcaiholag Ex|algc

Oxh|}tg geaig Eachog fgdåg oglamjho Rtgig# hvrcalü g |x| ljerg÷htj|q ljerg÷htg| mhc Ao|}a}x}j cj wxh eç| chix|}gdg mh |x laxmgm; ho~agtjo xo ljtthjhchl}tüoalj g Rtgig q ch| egomgtjo nj}j|#Eachog fa{j cg }tgmxllaüo mh xo }hv}j mhNtgo{ @gn`g# ch| hvrcalü wxh ho |x rgå| |hholjo}tü hc Lümalh jqoalf# hc cadtj eç|

hv}tg÷j wxh kgeç| |h fgdåg h|lta}j# Rtgightg ljojlamg ljej cg laxmgm mh cj|Gcwxaea|}g| wxahoh| |h h|}gdchlahtjoho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/ Ho hc |aicjVV cg| ~goixgtmag| gmwxatahtjo itgothch~golag# rjt h|j Rtgig h| cg laxmgmmhc exomj ljo eç| hmanalaj| lxda|}g|/

GL]AÂMGMH\;Fa|}jtag; gogca{g cg| chqh| mhc ej~aeaho}jrcgoh}gtaj mh @hrcht q |x ljo}hv}j# cg laholagho cg árjlg mhc thq Tjmjcnj AA/Eg}heç}alg|; ljo cg| maeho|ajoh|mhc hmanalaj lxda|}g# lgclxcgt hc çthg qcg |xrhtnalah mhc ea|ej/Rcç|}alg; madxkg hc Lg|}accj mh Rtgig x}aca{gomj}áloalg| mhc gt}h gd|}tgl}j# hvrth|ajoa|}g

q lxda|}g/Eû|alg; gxmalaüo mh Heeg Mh|}aoj~gq Ntahmtalf \eh}gog/Choixg; Ljeho}gtaj ]hv}j mh Ntgo{ @gn`gq Dj{hog Ohe`j~g# ~amg q jdtg/Hvrth|aüo Ljtrjtgc; H|lhoanalgt rgt}hmhc thcg}j mh @gn`g/

AO]HCAIHOLAG\EXC]ARCH\

AO]HITGMG\HO HC ]HV]J

Ao}hcaiholag Ljtrjtgc Laoá}alg

Ao}hcaiholag Ao}tgrht|jogc

Ao}hcaiholag Ao}htrht|jogc

Ao}hcaiholag Og}xtgca|}g

AO]HCAIHOLAG\EXC]ARCH\

AO]HITGMG\HO HC ]HV]J

8/ Ljerh}holag\jlagc q Laxmgmgog

>/ Ljerh}holag lxc}xtgcq gt}å|}alg

9/ Ljerh}holagRgtg grthomht g grthomht

6/ Gx}jojeågh aoalag}a~g rht|jogc



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>2/ / / / / / / / /

Cj| ljerjoho}h| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm oj| ~go g rhtea}at mh|gttjccgtcg ho }jmg| |x| nglh}g|# |ao

mh|g}homht oaoiûo g|rhl}j mh egohtg ao}hitgc h ao}hitgmg ho hc lxttålxcxe/

Naixtg >

Maeho|ajoh| mh cg Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ]goiadch Thcglajogc

Nxho}h; Kj|hr Cgljedg 4277

8%% Ljolcx|aüo

Xog h|}txl}xtg mhnaoamg mh thlxt|j|# ljo rcgo}hgeaho}j| lcgtj|# wxh |a|}heg}alh hc }tgdgkj g }tg~á|

mh cg h|}txl}xtg choixg|%lxc}xtg|%~gcjth|%ehmaglaüo# oj| ~g g rhtea}at }tgdgkgt ho cg| gxcg| mh|mh

xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Lgmg xoj mh oxh|}tj| gcxeoj|*g| h| ûoalj h atthrh}adch/ Hc th}j mh cg

Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljo|a|}h ho ljo|hixat wxh }jmj| q }jmg| oj| |ao}gej| rtj}gijoa|}g| mh

oxh|}tj grthoma{gkh q wxh rjmgej| grjt}gt cj ehkjt mh oj|j}tj| ea|ej| q mh oxh|}tj dgigkh#

x}aca{gomj }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| mamçl}alj| q rhmgiüialj| g oxh|}tj gclgolh/

Rtaehtg# |hixomg q }htlhtgihohtglaüo njtego rgt}hmhc rtjlh|j mh cg grcalglaüo

mh cg hmxlglaüoao}htlxc}xtgc# g }tg~á|

mh cg }tgo|ea|aüoao}htihohtglajogc/

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMMH\LTAR]A^G

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMGNHL]A^J%\JLAGC

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMMH\LTAR]A^G;

Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgmmh|ltadh gwxhccj|

hcheho}j| wxhljo|amhtgej| |aioanalg}a~j|

ljej rgt}h mh oxh|}tgamho}amgm q oxh|}tg lxc}xtg

Cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j|ao}htlxc}xtgch| dx|lgolthgt cg{j| gnhl}a~j|

q oxolg mhkgo mh cgmj hc

lthlaeaho}j g oa~hc gnhl}a~j#hvrth|gej| |ho}aeaho}j|g }tg~á| mh cg

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# |aherthrj|a}a~j|# ~gcjtgej| gc j}tjq oj| |ho}aej| g |x ~h{

~gcjtgmj| rjt cj| mheç|/

Grcalg rcgo}hgeaho}j|ao}htlxc}xtgch| wxh oj

rj}holaho }jmg| cg| nglh}g|hvrth|a~g| q wxh rhtea}go

mh|gttjccgt cg aegiaoglaüoq cg| lgrglamgmh| lthg}a~g|/

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMLJO]HV]XGCA[GMG

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMLJHMXLG]A^G

AO]HTLXC]XTGCAMGMAO]HTIHOHTGLAJOGC

Rgt}h mhc ho}jtojaoehmag}j q mh|mhhc ea|ej |h ~go

hvrcjtgomj cj| thnhtho}h|ao}htlxc}xtgch| eç|mh|}glgmj| g|å ljej

|x goçca|a| q |x thcglaüoljo hc lxttalxcxe

Hkhercanalg ljo thnhtho}h|ljhmxlg}a~j| mh|mh xogrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc

rgtg ng~jthlht cgljhmxlglaüo ho }jmj|

cj| çeda}j|

Hkhercanalg ljo thnhtho}h|ljhmxlg}a~j| mh|mh xogrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc

rgtg ng~jthlht cgljhmxlglaüo ho }jmj|

cj| çeda}j|



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7>7/ / / / / / / / /


%% Dcgolj# Egtaog &4224!/ Hc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj; xo th}j hmxlg}a~j/ Hma}jtagc HJ\/

%% Dcg|lj Ixatgc# Kj|á Cxa|# ]jtthitj|g# Mgoahc# Jcej|# âlho} &422>!/ G}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm;Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Ljo|hcchtåg mh Lxc}xtg# Hmxlglaüo q Mhrjt}h mh gcholag/

%% Lgtdjohcc# Tgnghc &4228!/ Cg th|rxh|}g hmxlg}a~g ho cg Ljexoamgm ^gcholagog/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh

^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg

Hmxlglaüo/

%% Igtlåg%Tjlg# Kjgwxåo &422=!/ Ao}hitglaüo/ Ho Ljoacc# Kh|û| &ljjtm//!/ Icj|gtaj rgtg xog \jlahmgm

Ao}htlxc}xtgc/

%% Igtmoht# Fjygtm &716<!/ Cg ao}hcaiholag thnjtexcgmg; cg| ao}hcaiholag| eûc}arch| rgtg hc |aicj VVA/

Oxh~g Qjt`# Dg|al Djj`|/

%% Iaeáoh{# Lgtcj| &4222!/ Ixåg mh ljolhr}j| |jdth tgla|ej h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm / Cj| cadtj| mh cg

Lg}gtg}g/%% Iüeh{# Ljolhrlaüo &4272!/ Oxh~j| Ejmhcj| Hmxlg}a~j| rgtg xog \jlahmgm Ao}htlxc}xtgc; Cg

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho cj| lho}tj| mjlho}h|/ Th~a|}g Ljo|}tg|}h| Lxc}xtgch| o»86/

%% Itaodhti# Thdhlg q Chüo &7162!/ Amho}amgm q Lgedaj/ Rgamü|/

%% Fgychq &7164!/ Hljcjiåg Fxegog/ ]gxtx|/

%% Fhtoçomh{# Gxvacagmjtg &422=g!/ Cg Hmxlglaüo ho Ljo}hv}j| Exc}alxc}xtgch|; Ma~ht|amgm h

Amho}amgm/ VAAA Ljoith|j Oglajogc q AA Adhtjgehtalgoj mh Rhmgijiåg/

%% Fhtoçomh{# Gxvacagmjtg &422=d!/ Hc th}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Gl}g| A Ljoith|j

Ao}htoglajogc Hmxlglaüo h Aoeaitglaüo/

%% @qecal`g# Yacc &422<!/ Oglajogca|ej# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# laxmgmgoåg/ Rgamü|/

%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &422>!/ Ixåg mh Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc; cg maeho|aüo rhmgiüialg q

go}tjrjcüialg mh cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc / Nxomglaüo LhaE/

%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &422>!/ Cg maeho|aüo go}tjrjcüialg mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc q |x

ao|htlaüo g oa~hc lxttalxcgt g }tg~á| mh xo Egtlj Icjdgc Thcglajogmjt &EIT!; cg ]hjtåg mh cj|

Hocglh| Lxttalxcgth| Ao}htlxc}xtgch| &]HLA! / Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo

Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg Hmxlglaüo/

%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &4221!/ Fa|}jtag mh cg| Eaitglajoh| Ao}htoglajogch|; Fa|}jtag#

Ihjitgnåg# Goçca|a| h Ao}htrth}glaüo mh cg| Eaitglajoh|/ Cj| Cadtj| mh cg Lg}gtg}g% Rg}tjog} \xm%

Ojtm mh cg Xoa~ht|a}g} mh gcæolag/

%% Cgljedg Dç{wxh{# Kj|hr &4277!/ \aerj|aj Ao}htoglajogc Ma~ht|amgm Lxc}xtgc q H|lxhcg/ Hc mh|gttjccj mh cg Ljerh}holag ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh Hv}thegmxtg/

%% Cch~j}# Oûtag &4222!/ Hc| ehmagmjt| ao}htlxc}xtgc| g ch| ao|}a}xlajo| hmxlg}a~h|/ Hma}jtagc Rgiá|/

%% Egt}åoh{# Egtåg Kh|û| &422=!/ Gc holxho}tj ho}th lxc}xtg|; Hc hmxlgmjt ljej ehmagmjt lxc}xtgc /

Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Rtjqhl}j mh Aooj~glaüo Hmxlg}a~g mh cg Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag|

mh cg Hmxlglaüo/

%% Ehchtj# Cxa|g q Måh# Cxa| &4272!/ Lgrå}xcj 4; Hc honjwxh r|alj|jlagc mh cg| eaitglajoh|/ Ho

Ehchtj# Cxa|g &Ljjtm/! &4272!/ Cg rht|jog eç| gccç mh cg eaitglaüo/ Egoxgc mh ao}ht~holaüo

r|alj|jlagc ljo rht|jog| eaitgo}h|/ gcholag/ Nxomglaüo LhaEaitg/

%% Ehtlaht# Rgxc &422=!/ Chl}xtg| mh go}tjrjcjiåg rgtg hmxlgmjth|/ Hm ]tj}}g/ 422=

%% Eatü# Lgeacj &422>!/ Cg th|rxh|}g hmxlg}a~g gc gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj ho cg rtj~aolag mh ^gcholag/Rtjqhl}j mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh ^gcholag/ Nglxc}gm mh Nacj|jnåg q Laholag| mh cg

Hmxlglaüo/

%% ]gqcjt# Lfgtch| &422=!/ Amho}amgm# ljexoamgm q cadht}gm/ Rgamü|/




HC CXIGT MH CGHMXLGLAÜO OJNJTEGC;CG NJTEGLAÜO

MH H\RGLAJ\ Q RJ\ADACAMGMH\MH THCGLAJOH\

AO]HTLXC]XTGCH\

LGRÅ]XCJ

6

Gomthg Txa{ Dgc{jcg q \gajg Dacdgj Xtàma46



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 7></ / / / / / / / /

7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo

G cj cgtij mh cj| lgrå}xcj| rthlhmho}h| |h fg thgca{gmj xo goçca|a| }go}j mh cj| ljolhr}j| mh

ma~ht|amgm h ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej mh |x grcalglaüo g xo çeda}j exq ljolth}j wxh h| hc mh cghmxlglaüo/ Ho h|}h lgrå}xcj ~gej| g }tg}gt mh ljolth}gt gûo eç| cg lxh|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm h

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho hc h|rglaj mh cg hmxlglaüo oj njtegc# xo h|rglaj wxh# ljej ~hthej| mh|mh

ma|}ao}g| hvrhtaholag|# |h ljo|}a}xqh ljej cxigt amüohj rgtg hc }tgdgkj ho gl}a}xmh| q rgtg hc

grthoma{gkh mh cg ljo~a~holag ho cg ma~ht|amgm |jlajlxc}xtgc/

Cg| ma|}ao}g| hvrhtaholag| wxh holjo}tgtç hc chl}jt ho hc rth|ho}h lgrå}xcj }ahoho xo rxo}j mh

gttgowxh ljeûo ho cg cgdjt wxh cg Nxomglaüo \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtag ~ahoh thgca{gomj mh|mh fglh

qg }aherj ho ljcgdjtglaüo ljo j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh| |jlagch| &rûdcalg| q rta~gmg|! mh çeda}j cjlgc q

h|}g}gc rgtg mh|gttjccgt xog ao}ht~holaüo |jlagc }tgo|njtegmjtg/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj }tgo|njtegmjt# fgq

wxh |xdtgqgt cg aerjt}golag mh cj| h|rglaj| wxh |h ljo|}txqho eç| gccç mh cg hmxlglaüorxtgeho}h njtegc ho cg ehmamg ho wxh oj| jnthlho xog jrjt}xoamgm ûoalg rgtg cg ljexoalglaüo q

cg rgt}alarglaüo ho}th rht|jog| rtjlhmho}h| mh manhtho}h| egtlj| |jlagch|# lxc}xtgch| q

ihjitçnalj|/ H|}j| cxigth| |h ljo|}txqho mh|mh xog ao}htgllaüo wxh rj|hh xo gc}j itgmj mh

h|rjo}gohamgm cj wxh |a daho rxhmh |xrjoht tah|ij| }gedaáo ljocch~g xog aerjt}go}h rj|adacamgm

mh hotawxhlaeaho}j ljchl}a~j/ G|å# ljo|amhtgej| wxh cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc rtjrjtlajog ho cg

hmxlglaüo oj njtegc xog rj|adacamgm thgc rgtg cg lthglaüo mh oxh~j| ~gcjth|# aoma~amxgch| rhtj

}gedaáo ljchl}a~j|# q ho h|}g ehmamg }ahoh xo rj}holagc }tgo|njtegmjt mhc h|rglaj rûdcalj/

Gfjtg daho# ºwxá q lüej ho}homhej| cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho hc egtlj mh h|}j| h|rglaj|:

Oj |h }tg}g gfjtg mh ~jc~ht g th~a|gt hc ljolhr}j mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# xog lxh|}aüo wxh fg wxhmgmj

th|xc}g ho cj| lgrå}xcj| rthlhmho}h|/ Oj jd|}go}h# |å wxhthej| rj|alajogtoj| ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh

h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# wxh |xtih ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo q cg ljexoalglaüo# rth|xrjoh j ~g xoamg

ho |x mh|gttjccj g mj| ljolhr}j| wxh mh|mh cg Nxomglaüo |h ljo|amhtgo lcg~h|; cg rgt}alarglaüo q

cg laxmgmgoåg/ Ho hnhl}j# ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| fhej| g|a|}amj ho oxh|}tj rgå| g xo gercaj mhdg}h q#

|jdth }jmj# g xo x|j ho jlg|ajoh| mh|eh|xtgmj mh ljolhr}j| ljej exc}alxc}xtgca|ej#

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# h}l/ Ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| rgthlah|h wxh }jmj| h|}j|

}áteaoj| |jo eç| wxh |jcxlajoh| cj| ojedth| mh cj| rtjdcheg| wxh |jlahmgmh| ljej cg oxh|}tg#

ljo xog ma~ht|amgm ho |x |hoj wxh ~g ho gxeho}j# ~go g }hoht wxh grthomht g th|jc~ht q ih|}ajogt/

Ho h|}h rgojtgeg# exlfg| ~hlh| aolaht}j q wxh ihohtg laht}j mh|g|j|ahij ho cg| rjdcglajoh|# cgrht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc }tg}g mh |xrhtgt gcixog| mh cg| ao|xnalaholag| wxh rth|ho}gdg hc ejmhcj

eç| lcç|alj mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm wxh ho cxigth| ljej Fjcgomg j Thaoj Xoamj |h fg cch~gmj

g lgdj; hc ejmhcj exc}alxc}xtgc/ Ho ljo}aoxamgm ljo h|}h ejmhcj rhtj gdjtmgomj cg ma~ht|amgm

mh|mh xo ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg# }gc q ljej fhej| ~a|}j ho hc |hixomj lgrå}xcj# exlfj eç|

maoçealj# hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej rjoh hc glho}j ho cg ao}htgllaüo ho}th rht|jog| q ho}amgmh|

lxc}xtgceho}h manhtholagmg| &Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# 422<!/

46 Nxomglaüo Hccglxtåg/ \x| ljtthj| th|rhl}a~j| |jo; g/txa{Blho}tjhccglxtag/jti0 q |/dacdgjBlho%

}tjhccglxtag/jti/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/7>=/ / / / / / / / /

Wxa{ç| rgth{lg itg}xa}j g h|}g| gc}xtg| ~jc~ht g th}jegt q thrho|gt hc ljolhr}j mh lxc}xtg# xog

ma|lx|aüo wxh mxtgo}h g÷j| fg |amj ntx}j mh xo gia}gmj mhdg}h ho ma|larcaog| ljej cg go}tjrjcjiåg

q cg |jlajcjiåg/ \ao hedgtij# ljo|amhtgej| wxh h|}h hkhtlalaj h| gd|jcx}geho}h aerth|laomadch ho

cg ehmamg ho wxh |ao ác rgthlh wxh oj| ~hej| gdjlgmj| ho cg rtçl}alg eç| lj}amagog g thgca{gt#|jdth }jmj ho hc çeda}j hmxlg}a~j# cj wxh gcixoj| gx}jth| fgo mhojeaogmj ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej g cg

Dhoh}}jo Ccxlf Dgcgixht q \gcaog| Lg}gcâ &7118!/ Rthla|geho}h rgtg oj lght ho h|}g hvgc}glaüo q

~gcjtglaüo g ~hlh| xo rjlj |xrhtnalagc mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc# cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag ho}ahomh wxh

oj rjmhej| mh|caigt h|}g oxh~g rtjrxh|}g mh cg amhg| mh laxmgmgoåg q rgt}alarglaüo/

\h }tg}g# rjt }go}j# mh ao|ltadat q xdalgt h|}g oxh~g rtjrxh|}g ho xo egtlj rjcå}alj q |jlagc wxh

ljo|amhtgej| }j}gceho}h ohlh|gtaj q wxh ljocch~g# }gc q ljej fg |h÷gcgmj Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj

&4222# 422<!# }th| hkh| nxomgeho}gch|; mh|gttjccj fxegoj0 xog mhejltglag rcxtgca|}g h aolcxqho}h0 q

xog oxh~g laxmgmgoåg/ \a jc~amgej| cg ao}tåo|hlg ~aolxcglaüo ho}th hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej q |x holgkh

|jlajhljoüealj q lå~alj% rjcå}alj# ljtthej| xo itgo tah|ij ho hc |ho}amj mh lght ho xo oxh~jh}oala|ej q lxc}xtgca|ej wxh# ho laht}g ehmamg# qg h|}ç |ahomj x}aca{gmj mh egohtg xo }go}j

rht~ht|g rgtg lxc}xta{gt q h|holagca{gt thcglajoh| wxh }ahoho wxh ~ht oj }go}j ljo cj lxc}xtgc |aoj

ljo cj cgdjtgc# kxtåmalj# hljoüealj# h}l/

Fgdcgt mh laxmgmgoåg h| gmho}tgt|h ho xoj mh cj| mhdg}h| rjcå}alj| q glgmáealj| eç| gl}xgch|/

H|}g gl}xgcamgm mhc }heg h|}ç# |ao mxmg# thcglajogmj ljo nhoüehoj| ljej cg icjdgca{glaüo

hljoüealg q lxc}xtgc# cg| eaitglajoh| g itgo h|lgcg q hc áong|a| gl}xgc ho cj| rtjdcheg| mh cg

amho}amgm ljchl}a~g &|hg oglajogc# lxc}xtgc# mh iáohtj# h}l/!/ ]jmj| h|}j| nhoüehoj| oj| jdcaigo g

xog th~a|aüo mh cg ojlaüo mh laxmgmgoåg ljej h|}g}x| mh rht}hoholag# mh aolcx|aüo q mh hvlcx|aüo/

Rjt j}tg rgt}h# cg lta|a| mhc h|}gmj mh dahoh|}gt# cg grg}åg h aomanhtholag rjcå}alg ho cg| |jlahmgmh|

jllamho}gch| q rtjdcheg| wxh ljej cg rjdth{g q hc ehmaj gedaho}h thwxahtho mh |jcxlajoh|

|jcamgtag| mhejltç}alg| ohlh|a}go laxmgmgoj| ljertjeh}amj| q rgt}alarg}a~j| ljo |x ljexoamgm

q ljo hc ao}htá| ljchl}a~j q oj |ücj }a}xcgth| mh mhthlfj| q ljo}tadxqho}h|/

Xo ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg thoj~gmj mhdhtåg thljojlht xoj| mhthlfj| h|rhlånalj| mh itxrj|

hvlcxamj| &exkhth|# eaojtåg| á}oalg|# rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h|# fjej|hvxgch|# golagoj|# itxrj| ljo

ma|lgrglamgm# h}l/! q |x gllh|j hnhl}a~j g cj| mhthlfj| ljexoh|0 q }gedaáo mhdhtåg |ht hvrth|aüo

mh cg ma~ht|amgm q mhc th|rh}j g cj| mhthlfj| mh cg| eaojtåg| q mh |x| th|rhl}a~g| amho}amgmh|/ Rjt

cj }go}j# ho h|}h oxh~j ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg |h }homtåg wxh mgt xo hwxacadtaj ho}th; xog amho}amgmljeûo laxmgmgog q xog amho}amgm manhtholagmg mh cj| itxrj| eaojta}gtaj|/

G|å# h|}h ejmhcj mh laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~j rjmtåg njeho}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo mh exlfg| rht|jog| wxh

ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm |jo ljo|amhtgmj| ljej laxmgmgoj| mh |hixomg j# mathl}geho}h# oj }ahoho

}gc ljo|amhtglaüo g rh|gt mh th|amat ho oxh|}tj| dgttaj| q lgcch|/ Rhtj# ºwxá ho}homhej| rjt

rgt}alarglaüo: \ao mxmg oj h| nçlac h|}h ljolhr}j ho hc wxh ho}tgo ljo|amhtglajoh| mh ma~ht|g

åomjch# rhtj fhej| jr}gmj rjt cg mhnaoalaüo hcgdjtgmg rjt Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj &4224!# wxaho |h÷gcg

wxh rgt}alargt h|; –h|}gt rth|ho}h ho# |ht rgt}h mh# |ht }jegmj ho lxho}g rjt q rgtg# ao~jcxltgt|h#

ao}ht~hoat ho# h}l/ Rgt}alargt h| aolamat# aoncxat# th|rjo|gdaca{gt|h/ Cg rgt}alarglaüo h| xo rtjlh|j wxh

hocg{g ohlh|gtageho}h g cj| |xkh}j| q cj| itxrj|0 cg rgt}alarglaüo mh gcixaho ho gcij# thcglajog g h|hxoj ljo cj| j}tj| }gedaáo ao~jcxltgmj|/ \ht rgt}alargo}h aercalg |ht ljgiho}h# ljrgt}ålarh#

ljjrhtgo}h# ljgx}jt# ljtth|rjo|gdch― &Iaeáoh{ Tjehtj# 4224!/ Oj| ao}hth|g mh|}glgt mh h|}g




mhnaoalaüo cg maeho|aüo thcglajogc mh cg rgt}alarglaüo g cg wxh gcxmh Iaeáoh{/ Cj| cxigth| mh

holxho}tj wxh |h ljo|}txqho ho}th cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q xo oûehtj aerjt}go}h mh rht|jog| q

ljchl}a~j|# |jo rthla|geho}h h|rglaj| mh thcglaüo q rjt hccj ljo|amhtgej| wxh |jo cxigth|

rta~achiagmj| rgtg xo hkhtlalaj ao}htgl}a~j mh holxho}tj ljo hc J}tj/

H|}j| h|rglaj| mh thcglaüo |jo oxehtj|j| q fh}htjiáohj|/ Ho cj wxh |aixh# hc chl}jt holjo}tgtç

xog mh|ltarlaüo q ~gcjtglaüo ltå}alg mh cj| wxh fhej| ~gcjtgmj ljej eç| thch~go}h|/ Ho rtaeht

cxigt# q ho xo oa~hc mh lgtçl}ht eç| aoma~amxgc# oj| gmho}tgthej| ho gwxhccj| h|rglaj| ho cj| wxh

|h ihohtgo maoçealg| mh gx}jgrjqj mataiamg| gc herjmhtgeaho}j q gx}jojeåg mh cg rht|jog/ Xo

rtjlh|j wxh ch rhtea}g gc |xkh}j ~aolxcgt|h ljo |x ljo}hv}j |jlagc rgtg mh|mh gfå rgt}alargt h

aercalgt|h ljej laxmgmgoj ljertjeh}amj/ Ho |hixomj cxigt fgthej| thnhtholag g gwxhccj|

h|rglaj| lthgmj| mh|mh ljchl}a~j| j itxrj| mh rht|jog|# gcxmahomj g cg maeho|aüo eç| ljchl}a~g/

Ho }htlht cxigt# rth|ho}gej| xo çeda}j wxa{ç| ehoj| lxamgmj ho oxh|}tj rgå| wxh h| hc wxh fglh

thnhtholag g cg rcxtgcamgm mh ljonh|ajoh| q rtçl}alg| thcaiaj|g|/ Hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j ho hc h|rglajmh cg Nxomglaüo |h fg ljo~ht}amj ljo cj| g÷j| ho oj}g lgtgl}htå|}alg mh xo h|rglaj ltx{gmj q

ljo|}txamj mh|mh ma~ht|j| |åedjcj|# ~jlh|# ehejtag| q ta}j|/ Rjt ûc}aej# oj| glhtlgthej| g xog

hvrhtaholag ljokxo}g ho}th cg JOIM Gcdjgo q cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag wxh mh|mh cg thgca{glaüo mh

gl}a~amgmh| mh exq ma~ht|j ljt}h &njteglaüo# laoh# }gcchth|# lfgtcg|# h}l/! rth}homh |ho|adaca{gt g cg

rjdcglaüo &gx}ül}jog h aoeaitgo}h! rgtg mh|mh gfå njeho}gt xog rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g q th|rjo|gdch/

Thcg}gt q |a|}heg}a{gt h|}g| hvrhtaholag| oj| rhtea}atç hv}tght xog |htah mh ljolcx|ajoh| ljo cg|

wxh wxhthej| th|gc}gt hc ~gcjt q cg aerjt}golag wxh h|}j| h|rglaj| aonjtegch| }ahoho rgtg hc

hkhtlalaj thgc mh gwxhccj wxh ccgegej| ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

4%%Mh cj| h|rglaj| rgtg cg thcglaüo mh gx}jgrjqj gc herjmhtgeaho}j rgtg cg~a|adaca{glaüo rûdcalg q rjcå}alg

Itxrj mh holxho}tj –]jtth mh Dgdhc―

Cg Nxomglaüo \jlagc Aioglaj Hccglxtag g }tg~á| mhc rtjitgeg mh Rgt}alarglaüo grxh|}g rjt cg

ljo|}txllaüo ljchl}a~g mh cg oxh~g laxmgmgoåg q h| ho h|}h egtlj wxh |xtih hc itxrj mh holxho}tj

–]jtth mh Dgdhc―/ H| xo h|rglaj mh holxho}tj rgtg rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| q gdaht}j g rht|jog|gx}ül}jog| mjomh hvrth|gt cg| hejlajoh|%|ho}aeaho}j| q hvrhtaholag| ~aolxcgmg| gc rtjqhl}j

eaitg}jtaj# gc lfjwxh lxc}xtgc# g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q thcaiaj|g q g }heg| ~a}gch| thcglajogmj| g |x

ljomalaüo mh oxh~j| ~hlaoj| q ~hlaog| ho Da{`gag/

Cg hvrhtaholag ljchl}a~g –]jtth mh Dgdhc― }ahoh ljej nao njt}gchlht q gercagt cg thm mh grjqj |jlagc#

ljojlht cj| thlxt|j| q hc ho}jtoj# g|å ea|ej wxh |hg xo h|rglaj gitgmgdch q ngeacagt mjomh lgmg

rht|jog |h |aho}g ~gcjtgmg q ljo rj|adacamgmh| mh mgt mh|mh |x |ht# |gdht q fglht/ Cg njteg mh

}tgdgkj wxh |h x}aca{g ho hc itxrj h|}ç dg|gmg ho cg gllaüo%thnchvaüo%gllaüo q cg eh}jmjcjiåg

rgt}alarg}a~g wxh rhtea}h hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q |gdhth| q hc herjmhtgeaho}j mh cg|

rht|jog| rgt}alargo}h|/






Hc jtaiho mh cg| rht|jog| rgt}alargo}h| h| ma~ht|j/ G ljo}aoxglaüo xo egrg mh cj| cxigth| mh

rtjlhmholag

G cj cgtij mh h|}j| laolj g÷j| fgo jd}hoamj itgomh| cjitj|# fgo ~a|}j lthlht q |gcat gmhcgo}h g

exlfg| rht|jog| rhtj }gedaáo fgo ccjtgmj ljo cj| ejeho}j| manålach| wxh ch| fg }jlgmj ~a~at rjt

latlxo|}golag| q hvrhtaholag| mh iho}h mhc itxrj/ Iho}h wxh fg th}jtogmj g |x| rgå|h| rjtwxh gwxå

qg oj holjo}tgdg |gcamg|# iho}h wxh lxercaü |x h}grg eaitg}jtag q thith|g ljo cj| |xqj|# }gedaáo

fhej| ~a~amj kxo}j| cg rhtmamg mh ljerg÷htj|/ Mh|}glgej| cj wxh grjt}g hc itxrj g cg|

rht|jog| q hc grjt}h rht|jogc gc itxrj/

Wxá oj| grjt}g hc itxrj Q wxá grjt}j qj g ]jtth mh Dgdhc

/// \jcamgtamgm

/// Ljojlaeaho}j mh j}tg| rht|jog| q hvrhtaho%

lag|

/// Manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|

/// Wxhthteh eç| &gx}jh|}aeg!

///

Gchitåg/// Gea|}gm –Rho|gt wxh hc |çdgmj ~hej| g cg|

geaig| eh fglh |ho}at daho# eh mg acx|aüo―

/// Ljdakj q |hixtamgm

/// Ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag|/

/// Aonjteglaüo*jtaho}glaüo q njteglaüo/

/// Tha~aomalgt mhthlfj| ljej laxmgmgoB|/

/// Herjmhtgeaho}j# thljojlht ea |ht mh exkht

q fjedth/

/// \ho}aeaho}j mh ngeacag*Grjqj |jlagc*th|rgcmj/

/// Ljergt}at gnaoamgmh|# rtjdcheg| q |ho}aeaho}j|rgthlamj|

/// Xo h|rglaj ma|}homamj q thcgkgmj

//// ]aherj

/// Lgta÷j

/// Ljerg÷åg

/// Thnchvajoh| q lgrglamgm mh cxlfg/

/// Ea lthg}a~amgm/

///

Cj wxh |jq q wxahtj |ht//// Gchitåg

/// Gqxmg q |jcamgtamgm/

/// Ea njteg mh ~ht hc exomj/

/// Ea h|lxlfg/

/// Ea| igog| mh }tgdgkgt ho hwxarj/

/// Ea jraoaüo

/// Ea lxc}xtg%ea| rcg}j|# ea ljlaog/

/// –|jej| mh manhtho}h| cxigth|# hmgmh| q

oj| ho}homhej| oj| |ho}aej| lgta÷j/―




Rjt ûc}aej# h|}aegej| jrjt}xoj |h÷gcgt cj| ngl}jth| wxh fgo rtjralagmj }go}j hc mh|gttjccj mhc

rtjqhl}j ljej |x |j|}hoadacamgm g cj cgtij mhc }aherj0

∔∔ Grht}xtg q ljo~a~holag ho}th iho}h mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh|# lxc}xtg| q thcaiajoh|/

∔∔Th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag| q lxamgt cj wxh oj| xoh/

∔∔Itxrj fh}htjiáohj q gdaht}j g }jmg| cg| rht|jog|; exkhth|# fjedth|# gx}ül}jog| q

eaitgmg|/

∔∔

Mhnaoat xo måg q fjtg h|}gdch mh thxoaüo% |hegogc/∔∔Thgca{gt cj| ljo}hoamj| q cg rtjitgeglaüo mh njteg rgt}alarg}a~g q mh|mh cg thgcamgm q

ohlh|amgm mh cg iho}h mhc itxrj/

∔∔Ljedaogt h|rglaj| njteg}a~j|# mh lhchdtglaüo# tha~aomalg}a~j| q mh gljiamg

aoljomalajogc/

∔∔Camhtg{ij tj}g}jtaj q ljergt}amj dg|gmj ho }gthg| ljolth}g|# ljerh}holag| q

fgdacamgmh| rht|jogch|/

∔∔Ma|rjoht mh cjlgch| ljej rxo}j mh thnhtholag/

∔∔\ht~alaj mh ixgtmhtåg rgtg gljiht q nglaca}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo mh exkhth| ljo ltag}xtg|/

∔∔Cg aerjt}golag mh cg maeho|aüo ljchl}a~g wxh gqxmg gc ljo}tg|}h mh |a}xglajoh|#

ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q ~a~holag| mgomj cxigt g aerjt}go}h| lgedaj|rht|jogch|# itxrgch| q lgedaj| mh cg ao|}a}xlajoh| aercalgmg|/

/// Ngc}g mh ljo|}golag

/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc Amajeg/

/// Ngc}g mh thlxt|j| hljoüealj| q eg}hta%

gch|

/// Ngc}g mh rxo}xgcamgm q ljertjea|j/

/// Rtj}gijoa|ej# aerj|alaüo mh amhg|/

/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh fgdacamgmh| q thlxt|j|

mh lgmg rht|jog q ljej itxrj/

/// Mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh cg lxc}xtg mh cchigmg

/// Ljea|ajoh| tj}g}jtag| q rjt }heç}alg|

rgtg nglaca}gt cg rgt}alarglaüo |hiûo cj|}aherj| h ao}hth|h| mh cg| rht|jog|

/// H|njt{gtoj| rjt grthomht ho cg rtçl}alg#

gdtatoj| g rgt}alargt ho hc itxrj/

/// \jcamgtamgm q xoaüo ho}th oj|j}tB|/ Fglht

xo njomj ljeûo rgtg ohlh|amgmh| rxo%

}xgch|/

/// Gkx|}gt cj| fjtgtaj| q njeho}gt holxho}tj#

ljo h|rglaj| rgtg cg ljexoalglaüo &}tgdgkgt

fglag gmho}tj rgtg ljojlhtoj| eç|!/

/// Ljea|ajoh| mh }tgdgkj jtigoa{gmg| |hiûoao}hth|h|/

/// H|rglaj| mh rgt}alarglaüo ho cj| wxh

}jmB| ej|}thej| oxh|}tg| fgdacamgmh|/

Jtigoa{gt lxt|j| mh manhtho}h| }heç}alg|;

ljlaog# gt}h|goåg|# ihtag}tåg# }gcchth| ca}%

htgtaj|# aonjteç}alg# h}l/

/// Jtigoa{gt xo itxrj mh jlaj q }aherj

cadth rgtg thljttht ho itxrj cj| dgttaj| q

ljojlht cj| thlxt|j|/

Wxá manalxc}gmh| fhej| }hoamj Lüej cg| fhej| th|xhc}j




Cg rtgva| mh cg| exkhth| aoeaitgo}h| ho Exkhth| mhc Exomj

Cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| q mh ao|htlaüo ho cg| oxh~g| |jlahmgmh| h|}ço |aherth ao|ht}j| ho cj wxh

mhojeaogej| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj# xog| thcglajoh| wxh dg|gmg| ho hc rjmht q cg mh|aixgcmgm grgt}at mh cg manhtholaglaüo |hvxgc fglho ho exlfg| jlg|ajoh| wxh cg| exkhth| holxho}tho egqjth|

jd|}çlxcj| rgtg ~a~at maiogeho}h/ G rgt}at mh h|}g thgcamgm |h lthü ho 7111 cg thm |jcamgtag

Exomx`j Heg`xehg` “ Exkhth| mhc Exomj –Dgdhc―# xo h|nxht{j ljchl}a~j wxh oglh mh cg ~jcxo}gm

mh exkhth| cchigmg| mh ma|}ao}j| cxigth| rjt holjo}tgt|h q grjt}gt }aherj rgtg ljergt}at h

ao}htlgedagt ljojlaeaho}j| q hvrhtaholag|/

Hc jdkh}a~j rtaolargc mh cg g|jlaglaüo h| dtaomgt q ljo|}txat ho}th }jmg| xo h|rglaj mh ao}htlgedaj#

thxoaüo q thnchvaüo rgtg }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh mh|hho rtjej~ht |x| rgx}g| lxc}xtgch|# ljergt}at

|x| ljojlaeaho}j| q grthomht gcij oxh~j/ G måg mh fjq h|}ç ljerxh|}g rjt laxmgmgog| dacdgåog|#

xog| oglamg| gwxå# j}tg| ljo cgtij }aherj mh th|amholag q j}tg| thlaáo cchigmg|/ Rgtg wxahoh|glgdgo mh g}htta{gt ho h|}g laxmgm# cg g|jlaglaüo rth}homh jnht}gt xo h|rglaj mh gljiamg gdaht}j#

|aolhtj q lçcamj/ G|å# cj| ao}htlgedaj| wxh |h rtjmxlho ho h|}h h|rglaj |jo mh }jmj }arj; mh|mh

aonjteglaüo thcg}a~g g lxh|}ajoh| eg}htagch| fg|}g ao}htlgedaj mh thehmaj| j thlh}g| rg|gomj rjt

cg |jcamgtamgm q hc grjqj hejlajogc/

Hc nxolajogeaho}j ao}htoj mh cg g|jlaglaüo |h lho}tg ho cg njteglaüo mh ljea|ajoh| ho dg|h g cg|

ohlh|amgmh| mh}hl}gmg| j cg| rtjrxh|}g| h ao}hth|h| ej|}tgmj|/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj fg fgdamj

ljea|ajoh| rgtg gdjtmgt cg ~ajcholag mh iáohtj# cg lhchdtglaüo q tha~aomalglaüo mhc 6 mh egt{j#

thmgl}gt xog th~a|}g# cch~gt g lgdj hkhtlalaj| mh |a|}heg}a{glaüo# h}l/ Gmheç|# |h thgca{g xo

rtjitgeg mh }gcchth| q lxt|j| mh manhtho}h| eg}htag| aergt}amj| nxomgeho}gceho}h rjt exkhth|

cchigmg| mh j}tj| rgå|h|; qjig# ehma}glaüo# ex|alj}htgrag# mgo{g jtaho}gc# }gccht mh h|lta}xtg#

}hg}tj# choixg q lxc}xtg çtgdh# kgtmaohtåg# ehmalaog gc}htog}a~g# dgach| lgtadh÷j|# h}l/

Gfjtg daho# h|}g g|jlaglaüo oj h| xo itxrj lhttgmj q g|å h|}ç gdaht}g g cg rgt}alarglaüo mh lxgcwxaht

rht|jog# gx}ül}jog j aoeaitgo}h# q mh lxgcwxaht hmgm/ Rjt |x rgt}h# cg g|jlaglaüo ljcgdjtg ljo

j}tg| g|jlaglajoh| h ao|}a}xlajoh| rgtg |ho|adaca{gt q ~a|adaca{gt hc ej~aeaho}j q lgedaj |jlagc wxh

|xrjoh cg cchigmg mh oxh~j| q oxh~g| laxmgmgoj| g cg ~accg dacdgåog/ Ho h|}g cåohg# |h hma}g xog

th~a|}g# Exkhth| mhc Exomj “ Exomx`j Heg`xehg`# mh cg wxh goxgceho}h |gcho }th| hkhercgth|/

\a gcij lgtgl}hta{g g cg cgdjt wxh mh|herh÷g h|}g g|jlaglaüo h| cg rgt}alarglaüo ho cg ma~ht|amgm# hc

h|}gdchlht thcglajoh| mh rtjvaeamgm q gljerg÷geaho}j ho}th }jmg| cg| rht|jog| wxh# mh h|}h

ejmj# ljo|}txqho Exkhth| mhc Exomj/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc |h fg gdjtmgmj |aherth ho hc

|hoj mh cg g|jlaglaüo ljej xo fjta{jo}h wxh gclgo{gt ljo|amhtgomj wxh rgtg hccj cg njteg mh

jtigoa{glaüo wxh |h gmjr}h h| nxomgeho}gc/ Ljo h|}h egtlj# |aherth |h fg }tgdgkgmj ho g|gedchg

q |jdth xog| thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht fjta{jo}gc dg|gmg| ho cg thlartjlamgm q ho cg aixgcmgm/ Rgtg hccj

|h }tgdgkg ho dg|h g xo eá}jmj rgt}alarg}a~j mjomh |h ho}ahomh wxh hva|}ho exlfg| njteg| mh

camhtg{ij wxh# chkj| mh ihohtgt ljerh}holag q ta~gcamgm ho}th cg| rht|jog| wxh gl}ûgo# fg

rtjej~amj xog tawxh{g mh aoalag}a~g| q xo h|råta}x ljeûo mh ljcgdjtglaüo/




Rj|adaca}gt xog| thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc ho cg g|jlaglaüo rg|g rjt ihohtgt maoçealg| ho

cg| wxh |h rj}holah cg lgrglamgm mh ao}htgl}xgt q ljexoalgt|h# h|j |å# ho xo egtlj wxh oj caea}g cg

h|lxlfg rjtwxh wxahoh| h|}ço glj|}xedtgmg| g fgdcgt glj}go |x ma|lxt|j mgomj rjlg lgdamg gc

rtj}gijoa|ej/ Cg h|lxlfg h| xog gl}a}xm mh grht}xtg gc J}tj wxh |h mhta~g mh cg| rtjrag|ao}htgllajoh|# grthoma{gkh| q gnhl}j| wxh |h lthgo ho hc egtlj mh cg| hvrhtaholag| q rtjqhl}j|

ljergt}amj|/ \h egoanah|}g rjt }go}j gwxå cg aerjt}golag mh cg maeho|aüo ljexoalg}a~g g cg fjtg mh

}hkht thcglajoh| mh lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}g maeho|aüo ljdtg |ao mxmg xog aerjt}golag nxomgeho}gc

ho h|rglaj| rhwxh÷j| q cjlgch| ljej á|}h/ G|å mh oxh~j# grgthlh cg aerjt}golag wxh cj| h|rglaj|

aonjtegch| }ahoho ho cg ehmamg ho wxh ng~jthlho hc holxho}tj# hc ljo}gl}j q cg ljexoalglaüo ljo hc

J}tj g }tg~á| mh thcglajoh| dg|gmg| ho hc ao}htlgedaj q# exlfg| ~hlh|# cg gnhl}a~amgm/

Cg| rtçl}alg| q hvrhtaholag| mh }jmg| cg| exkhth| wxh lthgo q ljonjtego h|}h h|rglaj exh|}tgo

wxh cg g|jlaglaüo |h fg ljo~ht}amj ho xo ehmaj wxh rj|adaca}g wxh cj| ao}hth|h| rht|jogch|#

ma~ht|j| q fh}htjiáohj|# q cj| itxrgch| |hgo ljergt}amj|/ Hc ljojlaeaho}j q thljojlaeaho}j mh cgfa|}jtag ~a}gc mhc J}tj ~aolxcgo cg lj}amagohamgm mh cg| rht|jog| ljo cg thgcamgm eç| icjdgc ljo cg

lxgc |h gt}alxcg ljo cj wxh |h |xrhtgo ~a|ajoh| h|}hthj}argmg| q ~glåg| mh ljo}hoamj mh cg

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm g ng~jt mh cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g/

Kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| ho â{lgqg ljo|jtlagmj| ho hc Rtjqhl}j

–Fheho― Hvrhtaholag mh thcglaüo q holxho}tj kx~hoac ao}htlxc}xtgc

Hc Rtjitgeg Fheho h| xo h|rglaj mh gljerg÷geaho}j g cj| kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| wxh

|gcho mh cj| lho}tj| mh ehojth| mh â{lgqg gc lxercat |x egqjtåg mh hmgm# ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh grjqgt

|x }tgo|alaüo g cg ~amg |jlagc gmxc}g/ \h }tg}g mh xo ljo|jtlaj ho}th ho}amgmh| |jlagch| &Lgta}g|# Lhgt

Hx|`gma# Hccglxtag# Fgttadamh# A{goiga q Rh÷g|lgc! q cj| rtjraj| kü~hoh| wxh rgt}h mh cg| rtjrag|

lgrglamgmh| q rj}holagcamgmh| |jlagch|# njteg}a~g|# ao}htlxc}xtgch| q mh rgt}alarglaüo mh h|}j| kü~hoh|

ho cg |jlahmgm ~a{lgåog mh cg wxh njtego/ Hc Rtjitgeg# g }tg~á| mh |x| manhtho}h| rtjrxh|}g|# }tg}g mh

h~a}gt wxh h|}h ljchl}a~j wxhmh ao~a|adaca{gmj q h|}aieg}a{gmj/ G|å# }tg}g mh ~gcjtgt rj|a}a~geho}h cg

nxht{g mh |x rtjqhl}j eaitg}jtaj q ~a}gc# q |x| lgrglamgmh| kx~hoach| wxh |jo g cg ~h{ |jlagch|#

njteg}a~g| j cgdjtgch|# rhtj }gedaáo lxc}xtgch|# ao}htlxc}xtgch| j rjcå}alg|/

Ho h|}h ljo}hv}j hc ljchl}a~j mh kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| mh|gttjccg }jmj| cj| g÷j|manhtho}h| hvrhtaholag| mh holxho}tj ljo j}tj| kü~hoh| wxh rht}hohlho g ao|}a}xlajoh| mh

hmxlglaüo njtegc q oj njtegc mhc ho}jtoj/ \h }tg}g mh |xrhtgt cg dthlfg wxh |h ihohtg rjt hc

mh|ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj ho}th cj| kü~hoh|0 xog ntjo}htg mhdamg g xo rtjlh|j mh ixh}analglaüo mhc

h|rglaj kx~hoac &hc oj ljergt}at h|rglaj| rûdcalj| mh |jlagca{glaüo q mh thcglaüo!/ G}tg~h|gt h|}g

ntjo}htg |xrjoh ljo}tg|}gt cj| aegiaogtaj| mh gedj| ljchl}a~j| kx~hoach|# h|}hthj}argmj| exlfg|

~hlh| rjt cj| ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo |jlagc/ Cg rtjrxh|}g wxh |h mh|gttjccg mh|mh fglh qg }th|

g÷j| h| ihohtgt holxho}tj|# rgx}gmj| rhtj g cg ~h{ exq gx}jih|}ajogmj|# ho}th h|}j| ljchl}a~j|

mh kü~hoh| manhtho}h| ho jtaiho# lxc}xtg q thcaiaüo# njteglaüo q hvrhtaholag ~a}gc# rhtj |jdth }jmj

manhtho}h| ho hc h|rglaj |jlagc wxh jlxrgo/ \ao hedgtij# g rh|gt mh cg| manhtholag|# hc holxho}tj |h

rcgo}hg mh|mh hc áong|a| ho cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh ljergt}ho; |jo gmjch|lho}h| ho dû|wxhmg#rtj}gijoa|}g| mh |x rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j q ~a}gc# ljo xog amho}amgm ho ljo|}txllaüo/




Hc jdkh}a~j |aherth h| hc goçca|a| q |xrhtglaüo mh cj| rthkxalaj| q dgtthtg| |jlagch| q lxc}xtgch| wxh

ljmanalgo |x| aegiaogtaj| kx~hoach|/ H|}j| holxho}tj| ihohtgo |aherth# gmheç| mh th|xc}gmj|

aoma~amxgch| q itxrgch| rgtg cj| rgt}alargo}h|# xog rtjrxh|}g mh |ho|adaca{glaüo ho hc ho}jtoj ho

njteg mh eg}htagch| gxmaj~a|xgch|# rhwxh÷g| lgerg÷g| j rhwxh÷g| hvrhtaholag| mh ej~aca{glaüo|jlagc ljokxo}g# ljo |x| rgt}alargo}h| ljej rtj}gijoa|}g|/ Cj| rtaolargch| cjitj| mh h|}j|

holxho}tj| kx~hoach| ao}htlxc}xtgch| fgo |amj q h|}ço |ahomj;

∔∔Hc gdjtmgkh |aolhtj q gx}ho}alj mh cg cüialg mhc rthkxalaj q |x| maeho|ajoh| h|}txl}xtgch|#

|jlagch|# lxc}xtgch| q ljexoa}gtag|/

∔∔Hc ljo}tg|}h mhc mh|gttjccj kx~hoac mh dû|wxhmg mh cg amho}amgm rtjrag ho xo ljo}hv}j

exc}alxc}xtgc# h|rhlagceho}h ho}th xog maeho|aüo mh ljo|}txllaüo rht|jogc mh

amho}amgmh| eûc}arch| q xog maoçealg |jlagc ljo}hv}xgc mh hvlcx|aüo mh cg manhtholag/

∔∔Cg| rgt}alargo}h| hvrhtaeho}go }gedaáo xo rtjlh|j mh eaca}golag |jlagc ho lgx|g|

kx~hoach| –kx|}g|― ljergt}amg|# ljej |jo cg }jchtgolag# hc ~gcjt rj|a}a~j mh cg ma~ht|amgm#cg ohlh|amgm mh holjo}tgt oxh~g| egohtg| mh rgt}alarglaüo |jlagc# h}l/ wxh rjoho

fjta{jo}h| ljexoh| g ljchl}a~j| lxqg ma~ht|amgm h|}gdg |ahomj ih|}ajogmg fg|}g

ho}jolh| ho xo lümaij lhttgmj ex}xj/

∔∔Cj| kü~hoh| hv}tgokhtj| hegolargmj| }ahoho cg hvrhtaholag mh |ht rjt}g~jlh| mh |x

rtjrag ~a~holag q fgo tha~aomalgmj# ljo maioamgm q thljojlaeaho}j# |x h|rglaj mh

rgt}alarglaüo q grjt}h |jlagc/

∔∔Cj| kü~hoh| fgo mh|lxdaht}j |x rgt}alarglaüo ho cg cüialg mh cj| rthkxalaj| q cg hvlcx|aüo

ho |x ho}jtoj gmjch|lho}h q |h |aho}ho rtj}gijoa|}g| mh cg ljo|}txllaüo ho |x ljo}hv}j

mh xog |jlahmgm eç| ao}hitgmjtg# eç| aolcx|a~g/

∔∔ Gedj| ljchl}a~j| fgo jlxrgmj h|rglaj| |jlagch| gmxc}j|; fgo |amj rtj}gijoa|}g| mh

gllajoh| mh |ho|adaca{glaüo ho çeda}j| hmxlg}a~j| njtegch| q oj njtegch| mh a{lgqg/

Cg| ho}amgmh| |jlagch| wxh njtegej| rgt}h mhc ljo|jtlaj –Fheho― fhej| thljojlamj# g }tg~á| mh

h|}g| hvrhtaholag|;

∔∔Cg lgrglamgm mh cj| kü~hoh| mh ljertjea|j rht|jogc q itxrgc ho h|rglaj| mjomh

rxhmho q mhdh ih|}ajogt th|rjo|gdcheho}h cg ma~ht|amgm &lxc}xtgc# |jlagc# ngeacagt# h}l/!/

∔∔Fhej| rhtmamj hc eahmj g xog ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g gdaht}g ho cg wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh|

rxhmho lgedagt# ejmanalgt|h j gercagt|h ho nxolaüo mhc rtjlh|j wxh ~go ~a~ahomj cj| kü~hoh| rgt}alargo}h|/

∔∔Thljojlhej| wxh cg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| kx~hoach| mh|gttjccgmg| ho ljo}hv}j| exq

ma~ht|j| mh jlaj# ao|}a}xlajogch| q ~a}gch| }ahoho# kx|}geho}h rjt h|g ma~ht|amgm# exlfj|

rxo}j| mh rgcgolg rgtg g~go{gt mh|mh xog |a}xglaüo mh ngl}j wxh rjmtågej| mhojeaogt

exc}alxc}xtgc fglag j}tg lgtgl}hta{gmg rjt cg ljexoalglaüo h ao}htgllaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/

∔∔H|}g hvrhtaholag oj| ao~a}g g thnchvajogt |jdth hc honjwxh xoamathllajogc mh exlfg| mh

oxh|}tg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| q |jlagch| qg wxh |xiahth rj|adacamgmh| oxh~g| rgtg

rtjrjoht thcglajoh| eç| |aeá}talg| h aolcx|a~g| ho hc çeda}j mh oxh|}tg| ao}ht~holajoh|/




<%% G|jlaglajoh| q H|rglaj| Ljexoa}gtaj|; ºh|rglaj| mh fjq gdaht}j| g cglaxmgmgoåg mhc eg÷gog:

Cg GERG mh cg H|lxhcg mh Xtadgtta ho Dacdgj

Mxtgo}h cj| ûc}aej| lxg}tj g÷j| |h fg ~hoamj mh|gttjccgomj ho xog mh cg| h|lxhcg| rûdcalg| mh

Dacdgj cg aoalag}a~g –Oxh~j| Rgmth| ho cg H|lxhcg―/ Cg cchigmg mh rjdcglaüo mh jtaiho aoeaitgo}h ho

cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| fg }tgo|njtegmj cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh h|}h lho}tj/ Ljertjeh}amg ljo cg

thgcamgm mh cg h|lxhcg# q herh÷gmg ho cg dû|wxhmg mh xog ehkjt lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g rûdcalg#

hc GERG &G|jlaglaüo mh Egmth| q Rgmth|! }tgdgkg ljo~holamg mh wxh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h| xo

grjt}h rj|a}a~j rgtg oxh|}tg h|lxhcg# q wxh h| ohlh|gtaj dx|lgt ehmaj| rgtg cjitgt hc áva}j h|ljcgt

mh }jmj hc gcxeogmj/ Ho cj wxh |aixh ~gej| g thcg}gt h|}g hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj q h|nxht{j

ljchl}a~j ljo cg ea|eg ljo~allaüo mhc ~gcjt mh cg ma~ht|amgm rgtg h|}g h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm wxhh|}gej| ljo|}txqhomj ho}th }jmj|/

Cg| aowxah}xmh| aoalagch| mh h|}h itxrj mh egmth| q rgmth|# |xtih g rgt}at mhc gxeho}j mhc

gcxeogmj mh jtaiho hv}tgokhtj ho ch lho}tj0 xog |a}xglaüo wxh |h ~hoåg thia|}tgomj ho h|}h ljchiaj

mh|mh hc g÷j 4224# ejeho}j ho hc wxh herh{ü g rhtladat|h hc gxeho}j mh ngeacag| mh jtaiho

hv}tgljexoa}gtaj ho cg ~amg mhc dgttaj/ Grgtho}heho}h# h|}g }tgo|njteglaüo oj ihohtgdg ljoncal}j|/

\ao hedgtij# ho}th cj| ljeho}gtaj| aonjtegch| wxh }ahoho cxigt –ho cg rcg{g―# |h rxmj thljiht

laht}g rthjlxrglaüo rjt gcixog| mh cg| egmth| ho lxgo}j gc lthlaeaho}j mh gcxeogmj hv}tgokhtj0

xog rthjlxrglaüo wxh gmheç| mh ~håg thnjt{gmg rjt cj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|/ Go}h h|}g

thgcamgm# mho}tj mhc itxrj mhc GERG# gcixog| egmth| ljeho{gtjo g thxoat|h ho hc g÷j 4229 rgtg

rho|gt |a |h rjmåg jtigoa{gt gcixog gl}a~amgm mh gljiamg rgtg cg| oxh~g| ngeacag| wxh cchigdgo gc

ljchiaj/ \h }tg}gdg mh wxh nxhtgo thladamj| ho cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt rjt j}tj| rgmth| q h|}thlfgt

cg{j| ho}th ngeacag|# ng~jthlahomj g|å cg ao}hitglaüo ho cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt/

\h dx|lü grjqj mho}tj mhc lcgx|}tj mjlho}h# h aoalagceho}h |h holjo}tü ho cg rtjnh|jtg mh

Thnxht{j Caoióå|}alj ho hx|`htg# wxh ho h|h ejeho}j |h ~håg mh|djtmgmg rjt cg| mhegomg| mh

cg| ngeacag| mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj|# |jdth }jmj# mh cg| ngeacag| hv}tgljexoa}gtag|/

Ho cj| ljeaho{j| |xtiahtjo manalxc}gmh| rgtg xo }tgdgkj ljeûo ho}th ngeacag| q rtjnh|jth|# mgmjwxh mh|mh cg rht|rhl}a~g mh cg Mathllaüo mh cg h|lxhcg oj |h ljo|amhtgdg ohlh|gtag cg ao}ht~holaüo

mh|mh hc lcgx|}tj/ Hc ma|lxt|j iatgdg ho }jtoj g cg amhg mhc aixgc }tg}j g }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| mhc

lho}tj# aomhrhomaho}heho}h mh |x jtaiho# rhtj |ao hedgtij htgo rg}ho}h| cj| rthkxalaj| aoalagch|

mhc rtjnh|jtgmj wxh ~hågo gc gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljej –rtjdcheg― g cg rgt wxh |xtiågo eahmj| g

cg rj|adch ixh}a{glaüo mhc lho}tj q cg ma|eaoxlaüo mhc }tgdgkj q cj| áva}j| h|ljcgth|/

\ahomj ljo|laho}h| mh wxh |h h|}gdg rcgo}hgomj xog aoalag}a~g }j}gceho}h oj~hmj|g ho hc ljchiaj#

|h ljo|}a}xqü cg ljea|aüo mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mho}tj mhc GERG# mh|mh mjomh |h ao}ho}ü ljo~jlgt g

}jmj| cj| rgmth| mh h|}g| oxh~g| ngeacag| &oj |ücj cj| hv}tgokhtj|# }gedaáo cj| wxh cchigdgo ljo

|x| fakj| g cg |gcg mh 4 g÷j|# q g cj| wxh ~hoågo mh j}tg| {jog| nxhtg mhc Rgå| g|lj# ho |x |a}xglaüomh oxh~j| rgmth| ho cg ljexoamgm!/






ljergt}amj aonjteglaüo# |h fgo rtjrxh|}j g|rhl}j| ho thcglaüo g cj| h|rglaj| lhmamj| h}l/

aoalagomj g|å xog rhwxh÷g hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj ho thm/

Hc rtjqhl}j }ahoh ljej jdkh}a~j cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo h|rglaj ljokxo}j wxh ~gqg eç| gccç mhoxh|}tg| thgcamgmh| rgt}alxcgth|# ihohtgomj xog rtjrxh|}g ljchl}a~g wxh th|rjomg g cj| ao}hth|h|

mh }jmj|# q wxh oj| rhtea}g thljojlhtoj| ljej giho}h| gl}a~j|# ljtth|rjo|gch| h

ao}htljohl}gmj| ho cg lthglaüo mh xog oxh~g |jlahmgm# |xrhtgomj oxh|}tg| h|rhlanalamgmh| ho cg

dû|wxhmg mh xog thgcamgm eç| rcxtgc q talg/

Hc rtjqhl}j |h ljolth}g g rgt}at mh cg grjt}glaüo mh 42 ₣ eho|xgch| thgca{gmg rjt lgmg xog mh cg|

ho}amgmh| g xo njomj ljeûo rgtg naogolagt xo rtjqhl}j ljokxo}j0 q mh cg lthglaüo mh h|rglaj|

g|gedchgtaj| xog| }th| j lxg}tj ~hlh| gc g÷j/

]tg| mj| g÷j| |ao ljo|hixat mhnaoat xo rtjqhl}j ljeûo# ho 4221# g }tg~á| mh cg g|gedchg mh cg|g|jlaglajoh|# |h mhlamaü gcwxacgt xo cjlgc wxh nxh|h ih|}ajogmj gx}üojegeho}h rjt cg| rtjrag|

g|jlaglajoh|/ Mh|mh h|}h rtjlh|j |h }tg}gdg mh nglaca}gt q }tgdgkgt cg lgrglamgm mh gx}jojeåg mh

cg| rtjrag| g|jlaglajoh| ho |x thcglaüo ljo Hccglxtåg/ \h rj|adaca}gdg hc gllh|j g xo gcwxacht wxh mh

njteg aoma~amxgc oj htg ~agdch q xog ljih|}aüo grjqgmg rjt cg Nxomglaüo wxh |at~ah|h mh

grthoma{gkh q herjmhtgeaho}j/ Gmheç|# |xrjoåg xo }thehomj rj}holagc rgtg hc mh|gttjccj mh

gl}a~amgmh| ljokxo}g|# hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# lthglaüo mh thmh|# h}l/

Cg| jolh g|jlaglajoh| mh aoeaitgo}h| wxh njtego rgt}h mh h|}h ljo|jtlaj ho 4277 |jo cg|; G|jlaglaüo

Ljoijch÷g rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho Hx|`gma “ CAEHEAG # G|jlaglaüo Xoaüo mh Egtnach÷j| mh Da{`gag

Lxc}xtgc q rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm# G|jlaglaüo g|ljgoijch÷g mh Ljjrhtglaüo gc Mh|gttjccj# cg Lxc}xtg q

cg Gea|}gm “ G^GLJ# G|jlaglaüo Gtiho}aog ho hc Rgå| g|lj “ GT^G\# G|jlaglaüo GH\LJ Geátalg

H|rg÷g \jcamgtag Ljjrhtglaüo# G|jlaglaüo Lho}tj Lxc}xtgc Lfachoj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# Maç|rjtg \gfgtgxa

ho Da{`gag “ MA\GDA# G|jlaglaüo rgtg hc Mh|gttjccj Ao}hitgc Xoahomj Lxc}xtg| “ G\MAXL# G|jlaglaüo

Lxc}xtgc Jomg Hx|`gma# G|jlaglaüo mh Lgehtxoh|h|*g| ho Da{`gag “ GLGDA[ q G|jlaglaüo mh cj|

Aoeaitgo}h| Rgà|}goåh| –RG@% a{lgqg―/

H|}h g÷j 4277# gmheç| mh ego}hoht cg jnht}g mh lgtg g cg| mhegomgmg| q ohlh|amgmh| mh h|rglaj

mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|# ao}ho}gej| g }tg~á| mhc rtjqhl}j –Kjtogmg| mh Ao}htlgedaj mh

Hvrhtaholag| G|jlag}a~g| mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g Ao}htlxc}xtgc― lgogca{gt cg lthlaho}h aowxah}xmho thcglaüo g cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh rgt}ahomj mh cg| hvrhtaholag| wxh lgmg ho}amgm fg

}hoamj ho thcglaüo g manhtho}h| }heg| ~aolxcgmj| gc mh|gttjccj g|jlag}a~j/

Cg tg{üo mh h|}h rtjqhl}j th|amh ho ~gcamgt cg| }tgqhl}jtag| g|jlag}a~g| ljej hvrhtaholag| wxh

rtjralago q ihohtgo grthoma{gkh ho hc egtlj mh xog| kjtogmg| ma|h÷gmg| ljo h|}g naogcamgm/ G rgt}at

mh gwxå# |h hcgdjtg xo mjlxeho}j naogc ho cg cåohg mh xo –rhwxh÷j egoxgc mh dxhog| rtçl}alg|― ho

cj| manhtho}h| çeda}j| ho cj| wxh cg| g|jlaglajoh| rth~ageho}h fgo ej|}tgmj xog h|rhlagc

rthjlxrglaüo j manalxc}gm ho |x mh|gttjccj j ih|}aüo/

Oj| rgthlh mh h|rhlagc aerjt}golag grtj~hlfgt cg rth|holag mh manhtho}h| thgcamgmh| |jlaj%lxc}xtgch| ho cj| }gcchth|/ Oj |h }tg}g }go}j mh fglht áong|a| ho cg| manhtholag| wxh exh|}tgo cg|

rht|jog| wxh ljerjoho cg| g|jlaglajoh|# |aoj eç| daho mh rtjralagt xo maçcjij wxh |xtkg mh|mh




hc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg |aoixcgtamgm mh lgmg xog mh hccg| rhtj mataiamj g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo

h|rglaj ljeûo q ljergt}amj/

Cg| ho}amgmh| wxh ao}hitgo Lxc}xtg| Xoamg|%@xc}xt Dg}xg` }ahoho laht}g| lgtgl}htå|}alg| wxh ch|rhtea}ho njtegt rgt}h mh h|}h rtjqhl}j mh njt}gchlaeaho}j;

∔∔]jmg| cg| g|jlaglajoh| }ahoho |x çeda}j mh gl}xglaüo ho Da{`gag# |jdth }jmj Dacdgj#

ljo gcixog gl}a~amgm ho cjlgcamgmh| lhtlgog|/

∔∔\jo ho}amgmh| mh thlaho}h ljo|}a}xlaüo# j gxowxh }hoigo egqjt go}aióhmgm# |h

holxho}tgo ho xo h|rhlagc ejeho}j ho cg ~amg g|jlag}a~g wxh fglh wxh ohlh|a}ho mh xo

grjqj lhtlgoj/

∔∔Thnchkgo gcixog| manalxc}gmh| g cg fjtg mh ih|}ajogt cg ~amg ao}htog mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|;

ohlh|amgm mh grjqj ho manhtho}h| çthg| &ljo}gdch# mh |hlth}gtåg# mh thcglaüo ljo cg|

gmeaoa|}tglajoh|# h}l!/∔∔]ahoho ohlh|amgm mh xo h|rglaj nå|alj mh nxolajogeaho}j; |hmh g|jlag}a~g#

jtmhogmjth|# h|rglaj| mh gl}a~amgmh|# h}l/

∔∔Thwxahtho jtaho}glaüo q grjqj g cg fjtg mh ih|}ajogt cg dg|h |jlagc# ljo|jcamglaüo#

njteglaüo# gljerg÷geaho}j ho cg jtigoa{glaüo mh thxoajoh|# h}l/

∔∔Egoanah|}go xo lcgtj ao}htá| rjt rj}holagt hc }tgdgkj ho thm ljo g|jlaglajoh| mh rhtnac

|aeacgt# rgtg ihohtgt xo }tgdgkj ljeûo ho}th ho}amgmh|/

∔∔\jo ljo|laho}h| mh cg aerjt}golag mhc njt}gchlaeaho}j mh cg| g|jlaglajoh|# q hc

herjmhtgeaho}j mh cg| rht|jog| wxh cg| ih|}ajogo# mh egohtg wxh hc rg|j rjt Lxc}xtg|

Xoamg| |hg xo aerxc|j rgtg thgca{gt hvrhtaholag| mh }tgdgkj g|jlag}a~j aomhrhomaho}h/

=%% ºKxo}j| rhtj oj th~xhc}j|: H|rglaj| |jlagch| rgtg hc rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j

Qg fhej| mh|}glgmj ho cg ao}tjmxllaüo cg aerjt}golag mhc g|rhl}j thcaiaj|j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/

Wxa{ç| fg |amj hc g|rhl}j thcaiaj|j xoj mh cj| wxh# ho xog |jlahmgm wxh fg |xntamj xo tçramj

rtjlh|j mh |hlxcgta{glaüo# fg ehthlamj ehojt g}holaüo/ \ao hedgtij# hc hcheho}j thcaiaj|j h|

nxomgeho}gc ho exlfg| mh cg| lxc}xtg| gl}xgch| ho hc |ho}amj mh wxh h|}txl}xtgo q mj}go mh

|aioanalgmj g exlfg| mh cg| rtçl}alg| q lj|}xedth| wxh gcixoj| mh |x| eahedtj| cch~go g lgdj/Rjt j}tg rgt}h# cg thcaiaj|amgm ljerjoh xo g|rhl}j }tg|lhomho}gc mhc rtjqhl}j mh ~amg mh }jmg

rht|jog q# ho h|}h |ho}amj# wxhmg thljojlamj ljej xo mhthlfj dç|alj ho hc gt}ålxcj 7>/

Cj| ljchl}a~j| thcaiaj|j| wxh njtego exlfg| mh cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgo}h| wxh ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j|

fgo cchigmj g oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# fgo ej|}tgmj q |jcala}gmj }jmg xog |htah mh mhegomg| ho hc

h|rglaj rûdcalj ej}a~gmg| rjt cg ngc}g mh h|rglaj| rgtg hc lxc}j q cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh |x nh# cg|

manalxc}gmh| mh ljerg}adaca{gt cg lhchdtglaüo mh |x| nah|}g| eç| aerjt}go}h| ljo oxh|}tj

lgchomgtaj# cg rj|adacamgm mh ao}tjmxlat ~gtaglajoh| ho cj| ehoû| mh ljchiaj| q fj|ra}gch|# h}l/

Gcixog| mh h|}g| lgtholag| cch~go g manhtho}h| itxrj| g glhtlgt|h g cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q mh|mh

á|}g |h grxh|}g rjt nglaca}gt q lthgt h|rglaj| wxh rhtea}go oj |ücj hc hkhtlalaj mh cg h|rata}xgcamgmthcaiaj|g |aoj }gedaáo wxh gdtgo cg rj|adacamgm mhc holxho}tj q hc ljo}gl}j ho}th manhtho}h|

}tgmalajoh| thcaiaj|g|/ Rtjej~ht hc maçcjij q hc ljojlaeaho}j ho}th rht|jog| ljo manhtho}h|




|ho|adacamgmh| q hvrhtaholag| thcaiaj|g| |h ljo|}a}xqh g|å ho xo hkh lcg~h rgtg |xrhtgt cg| ntjo}htg|

wxh cg aiojtgolag q cg aoljexoalglaüo ch~go}go/

Mh|mh gwxå# |jo }th| cg| hvrhtaholag| ho cg| wxh wxhthej| rtjnxoma{gt; hc itxrj MAGT &MaçcjijAo}htthcaiaj|j# Glhr}glaüo q Th|rh}j!# cg h|lxhcg mh cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog# cg Ljntgmåg

|hohigch|g \xdxcx \gcge q hc itxrj mh egmth| q rgmth| ex|xcegoh| mh cg G|jlaglaüo Jomg

Hx|`gma/ H|}g| hvrhtaholag| |h hoegtlgo ho cg cåohg mh }tgdgkj wxh cg Nxomglaüo mh|gttjccg ljo hc

jdkh}a~j mh rtjej~ht ~gcjth|# jnthlht h|rglaj| q ihohtgt hvrhtaholag| wxh ~a|adacalho q ~gcjtalho hc

rcxtgca|ej thcaiaj|j ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm# nglaca}gomj hc maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j/

Hc itxrj MAGT h| ho thgcamgm xog eh|g mh lgtçl}ht ao}htthcaiaj|j wxh }tg}g mh mgt th|rxh|}g g cg

lgmg ~h{ egqjt ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g wxh oxh|}tg |jlahmgm rth|ho}g/ \h }tg}g mh xog aoalag}a~g wxh

|xtih ho cg Nxomglaüo ho hc g÷j 4229 q wxh }tg}g mh rjoht ho ~gcjt xog |htah mh rtaolaraj| j dxhog|

rtçl}alg|; xog gl}a}xm gdaht}g# hc maçcjij# cg glhr}glaüo q th|rh}j mhc j}tj manhtho}h# h}l/ Ho h|}geh|g rgt}alargo rht|jog| ex|xcegog| mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| &Egcå# Egttxhlj|# Rgå| ^g|lj!#

lta|}agoj| mh manhtho}h jtaho}glaüo q# ho jlg|ajoh|# dxma|}g|# faomûh|# rtj}h|}go}h| q kxmåj|

gmheç| mh gioü|}alj|/ G rh|gt mh wxh cg ao}htgllaüo q hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag|# rtçl}alg| q

manhtho}h| lj|ej~a|ajoh| oj fg |amj aixgc j oj fg }hoamj cg ea|eg ao}ho|amgm ho}th }jmj| cj|

itxrj|# rjmhej| ~gcjtgt h|}g hvrhtaholag ljej rj|a}a~g q hotawxhlhmjtg ho cg ehmamg ho wxh fg

rtj~jlgmj xo ho}homaeaho}j ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj mh|mh hc wxh ljo|}txat xo fjta{jo}h mh nx}xtj/ G

tgå{ mh h|}g| hvrhtaholag|# |h lhchdtgo mh|mh hc 4221 xog| Kjtogmg| Ao}htthcaiaj|g| ho cg| wxh |h

ihohtgo h|rglaj| }go}j mh|mh hc ljojlaeaho}j }hütalj ljej mh|mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| ~a~holagch|/

Fgq wxh |xdtgqgt cg aerjt}golag mh h|}g| Kjtogmg| wxh fgo rhtea}amj cch~gt gc h|rglaj rûdcalj mh

cg laxmgmgoåg ho Dacdgj cg lxh|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm thcaiaj|g# xo g|rhl}j wxh# ljej qg fhej|

|h÷gcgmj# wxa{ç| |h }tgdgkg ehoj| rhtj wxh |ao hedgtij }ahoh xo nxht}h aergl}j ho cg njteglaüo

mh cj| eahmj| q h|}hthj}arj|/ Mh h|}h ejmj# cg| Kjtogmg| |h ljo~aht}ho ho nxho}h mh ljojlaeaho}j

h ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| ~a}gch|/

Ho hc lg|j mh cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog cg| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h fgo thgca{gmj g cj cgtij mh cj|

ûc}aej| lxg}tj g÷j|# |h fgo mh|gttjccgmj ho }jtoj g nglaca}gt cg hmxlglaüo thcaiaj|g q hc ljojlaeaho}j

mh Txegoag &amajeg# fa|}jtag# lj|}xedth|# h}l/! rgtg cj| ehojth| mh cg| ngeacag| txegog|/ Rjt j}tg

rgt}h# cg Rgttjwxag Jt}jmjvg Txegog |h fg ljo~ht}amj ho xo thnhtho}h rgtg cg rtjrag ljexoamgm

txegog ho hc Rgå| ^g|lj/ G|å# ho cg| ûc}aeg| hchllajoh| exoalargch| |h cch~j g lgdj xog txhmg mhrtho|g ho Gttxrh H}vhg ljo jdkh}j mh mgt g ljojlht g cg ljexoamgm txegog |x rj|adacamgm mh hkhtlht

hc mhthlfj mh |xntgiaj gl}a~j &hea}at hc ~j}j! q hc |xntgiaj rg|a~j &rth|ho}gt|h ho cg| ca|}g| mh

lgomamg}j|!/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# |h mh|ltadåg hc rtjlhmaeaho}j mh ao|ltarlaüo ho hc lho|j hchl}jtgc q |h

goaegdg g cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| ~hlaoj| txegoj| ho h|}g ljo~jlg}jtag hchl}jtgc/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj#

~hej| lüej hc h|rglaj wxh |h ljo|}txqh mh|mh cg thcaiaj|amgm ihohtg ma|lxt|j| q rtçl}alg| wxh

grxo}go g cg rgt}alarglaüo q hc hkhtlalaj mh cg laxmgmgoåg ho hc h|rglaj rûdcalj/

Cg ljexoamgm ex|xcegog |hohigch|g# wxh rht}hohlh g cg Ljntgmåg Ejxtamah# cch~g g lgdj ho cj|

h|rglaj| mh cg Nxomglaüo manhtho}h| gl}a~amgmh| ljej lhchdtgt hc lxc}j# thgca{gt lcg|h| mh çtgdh# q

nh|}hkgt cg| nhlfg| thcaiaj|g| |h÷gcgmg| rgtg h|}g ljexoamgm/ Rthla|geho}h# fgo |amj h|}j| ûc}aej|h|rglaj| mh lgtçl}ht nh|}a~j cj| wxh fgo ljo|}a}xamj xo cxigt mh holxho}tj ho}th manhtho}h|

lthholag| q rtçl}alg|/ Cg ljexoamgm ex|xcegog gdth h|}j| h|rglaj| g cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc ljo




jdkh}j mh ~a|adaca{gt q mgt g ljojlht xog }tgmalaüo thcaiaj|g rhtj }gedaáo |jlagc q lxc}xtgc/ Ljergt}at

h|}j| h|rglaj| |h ljo~aht}h g|å ho xog jrjt}xoamgm rgtg h|}gdchlht rxho}h|# tjerht h|}hthj}arj| q

njeho}gt cg| thcglajoh| ao}htrht|jogch| q ljchl}a~g|/

G }tg~á| mh cg G|jlaglaüo Jomg Hx|`gma |h fgo lhmamj h|rglaj| rgtg cg ho|h÷go{g mhc çtgdh#

lcg|h| ho rtaolaraj gdaht}g| g }jmj hc rûdcalj/ Mh|mh h|}g gl}a~amgm ljolth}g |h fgo ao}ho}gmj

ihohtgt maoçealg| rgtg h|}gdchlht rxo}j| mh holxho}tj ho}th cg| rht|jog| wxh glxmho g cg|

lcg|h|# ho rgt}alxcgt cj| rgmth| q egmth| wxh gljerg÷go g |x| fakj|# wxh ~gqgo eç| gccç mh cg

ho|h÷go{g mhc amajeg q wxh ao~jcxltho g j}tg| rht|jog| mhc lho}tj/ \ao hedgtij# h|}j| holxho}tj|

oj fgo glgdgmj mh eg}htagca{gt|h cj wxh oj| cch~g g cg |aixaho}h thnchvaüo/ G rh|gt mh wxh cg

Nxomglaüo mh|gttjccg q hcgdjtg rtjrxh|}g| rgt}ahomj |aherth mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j j mh|mh

xog| rthea|g| mh ljt}h ao}htlxc}xtgc# h|}g hvrhtaholag oj| fg |ht~amj }gedaáo rgtg ljertjdgt

laht}j| cåea}h| ho cg lthglaüo mh h|}h }arj mh h|rglaj|/ Ho hnhl}j# lxgomj cg rtjrxh|}g x jnht}g mh

lgtçl}ht ao}htlxc}xtgc oj ljaolamh ljo cj| jdkh}a~j| mh cg| rht|jog| j ljchl}a~j|# j lxgomj h|}j|ea|ej| oj fgo thgca{gmj xog thnchvaüo q g|xolaüo mh cj wxh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |xrjoh# hc

holxho}tj ho}th manhtho}h|# gxowxh |h rtjmxlh# oj mg cxigt g xog ao}htgllaüo h ao}htlgedaj mh

cgtij thljttamj/ \xdqglh ho h|}g hvrhtaholag ljolth}g xo }heg mh egqjt lgcgmj wxh wxa{ç|

mhdahtg gdjtmgt|h; ºLxçch| |jo cj| cåea}h| mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej: ºRxhmh njt{gt|h hc ao}htlgedaj q

cg ljo~a~holag ho}th manhtho}h| lxgomj cj| ao}hth|h| mh h|}j| oj ~go eç| gccç mh cj ljchl}a~j: ºFgq

gwxå xog }ho|aüo aercåla}g ho}th hc ejmhcj exc}alxc}xtgc h ao}htlxc}xtgc |ahomj wxh gedj| |jo

rtjrxh|}g| chiå}aeg|:

8%% Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm ho hc fjta{jo}h mh cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g jnjteglaüo rgtg cg laxmgmgoåg aolcx|a~g ho hc ohlh|gtaj fjta{jo}h mh cg|jcamgtamgm/ Cg hvrhtaholag mh Exomx`j ]vj`jg

Hc h|rglaj Exomx`j ]vj`jg/ Njteglaüo rgtg cg \jcamgtamgm h| ljo|}txamj q cch~gmj g lgdj

ljokxo}geho}h rjt cg Nxomglaüo Hccglxtag q cg JOIM Gcdjgo/ Mho}tj mh h|}h h|rglaj |h jnht}go xog

|htah mh gl}a~amgmh| ljo lgtçl}ht cûmalj q ma~xcig}a~j# ljo njteg}j mh lfgtcg|# lxho}g%lxho}j|#

laoh njtxe# ljolaht}j|# }gcchth|# h}l/ Cg lthglaüo mh cxigth| mh holxho}tj g rgt}at mh manhtho}h|

thgcamgmh|# hvrhtaholag| mh ~amg q }heç}alg| ljej cg| thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog| mh manhtho}h|lxc}xtg|# cg| thcglajoh| mh iáohtj# hc ljo|xej th|rjo|gdch# hc ljehtlaj kx|}j# h}l/# rhtea}ho cg

aolamholag ho cg rjdcglaüo dacdgåog g }tg~á| mh |x |ho|adaca{glaüo/

Gmheç| mh cg |ho|adaca{glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc ho h|}j| manhtho}h| çeda}j|# cg rtjrxh|}g mh

Exomx`j ]vj`jg |h ao|ltadh ho xo egtlj eç| ihohtgc wxh wxahth ljo}tadxat g cg ljo|}txllaüo mh

xog oxh~g laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g/ Cg rxht}g wxh |h gdth mh|mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h rcgo}hgo

rhtea}ho g rht|jog| ljo ao}hth|h| exq ma~ht|j| glhtlgt|h g }heç}alg| q eh}jmjcjiåg| exq

manhtho}h|/ Cj| hkh| }heç}alj| ho }jtoj g cj| wxh |h }hkho cg| manhtho}h| gl}a~amgmh| |jo;

g ∔∔Cg icjdgca{glaüo q cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| ojt}h%|xt; cg |a}xglaüo mh cj| Mhthlfj| Fxegoj|ho hc exomj# glhtlgeaho}j g manhtho}h| ljoncal}j|# ljojlaeaho}j mh rxhdcj|

aomåihog|# goçca|a| mh thcglajoh| ao}htoglajogch|# h}l/




d ∔∔Hc mh|gttjccj |j|}hoadch# hc ljo|xej th|rjo|gdch q hc ljehtlaj kx|}j; hvrhtaholag| mh

itxrj| mh ljo|xej# Dgolg Á}alg# mhlthlaeaho}j# lgerg÷g| mh ej~aca{glaüo q

mhoxolag# h}l/

l ∔∔Cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| ho}th exkhth| q fjedth|; cg ~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg| exkhth| ho |x|grjt}h| gc mh|gttjccj# cg lxc}xtg# cg| thgcamgmh| mh manhtho}h| rtjlhmholag|# rtjrxh|}g|

q lgerg÷g| nheaoa|}g|# h}l/

m ∔∔Cg ih|}aüo rj|a}a~g mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc q cg ljo~a~holag; hvrth|ajoh| q }tgmalajoh|

lxc}xtgch| mh manhtho}h| rtjlhmholag|/

h ∔∔Lj|ej~a|ajoh| q h|rata}xgcamgm; hvrhtaholag| mh maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j# h|rata}xgcamgmh|

aomåihog|/

n ∔∔Hmxlglaüo rgtg xog laxmgmgoåg th|rjo|gdch# cg rgt}alarglaüo laxmgmgog q cg ej~aca{glaüo

|jlagc; hvrhtaholag| q eg}htagch| hmxlg}a~j|# hvrhtaholag| mh rgt}alarglaüo q jtigoa{glaüo

|jlagc# hvrhtaholag| mh ~jcxo}gtagmj cjlgc h ao}htoglajogc# h}l/

Mh h|}h ejmj# ho hc çeda}j mh cj| rtjlh|j| eaitg}jtaj| ljo}herjtçohj|# q mh|mh cg thnchvaüo q

njteglaüo# |h jnthlho lcg~h| rgtg |xrhtgt hc mh|ljojlaeaho}j wxh fgda}xgceho}h hva|}h ho cg

rjdcglaüo cjlgc |jdth cg ~aolxcglaüo hva|}ho}h ho}th cg| mh|aixgcmgmh| &hljoüealg|# |jlagch|#

rjcå}alg|# mh iáohtj! ojt}h%|xt q cj| ej~aeaho}j| eaitg}jtaj|/ \jo h|}j| mj| g|rhl}j| wxh g

ehoxmj |h ljo}hercgo ljej thgcamgmh| ntgieho}gmg| |ao grgtho}h rxo}j mh ljohvaüo/ Glhtlgt|h

g cg ljertho|aüo mh h|}j| ljerchkj| nhoüehoj| rhtea}h g cg rjdcglaüo cjlgc chht q rhtladat mh

egohtg manhtho}h g itgo rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo cchigmg mh j}tg| cg}a}xmh| ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h

mhljo|}txqho cj| rthkxalaj| q cj| h|}hthj}arj|/

Rhtj gmheç|# Exomx`j ]vj`jg }tg}g mh ihohtgt xo h|rglaj mh ljo~a~holag q holxho}tj ho hc wxh

rht|jog| mh manhtho}h| jtåihoh| rxhmgo ljergt}at hvrhtaholag| q hvrth|ajoh| lxc}xtgch| ma~ht|g|;

itxrj| mh eû|alg njtegmj| rjt rht|jog| gx}ül}jog| h aoeaitgo}h|# itxrj| mh }hg}tj# mgo{g#

ljlaog# h}l/ Mh h|}h ejmj |h }tg}go mh ljohl}gt mj| rcgoj| wxh ljo|amhtgej| h|holagch| ho hc

çeda}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm; hc rcgoj mh cj| mhthlfj| q mhdhth| ao|lta}j| ho hc egtlj mh cj|

nhoüehoj| icjdgch| gl}xgch|# q xo rcgoj eç| cjlgc# mh hvrhtaholag| ljergt}amg|# g }tg~á| mh cg

rgt}alarglaüo q hc ao}htlgedaj ho h|rglaj| mjomh cg| rht|jog| rxhmgo ej|}tgt q }tgo|ea}at |x|

manhtho}h| egoanh|}glajoh| lxc}xtgch|/

H|}h rtjqhl}j wxh ljo|}a}xqh Exomx`j ]vj`jg h|}ç mataiamj g xo gercaj q ma~ht|j rûdcalj ho hcwxh }ahoh xog h|rhlagc ljo|amhtglaüo cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g# h| mhlat# hmxlgmjth| mh lho}tj|

hmxlg}a~j| q mh }aherj cadth/ Ljo|amhtgej| exq thch~go}h g h|}h rûdcalj mgmj wxh gl}ûgo ljej

giho}h| exc}arcalgmjth| ho hc egtlj mh |x| itxrj| q ljchl}a~j|/ G|å# mh|mh h|}h h|rglaj mh

hmxlglaüo oj njtegc |h jnthlho fhttgeaho}g| g wxahoh| ~go g |ht cxhij cj| rtaolargch| holgtigmj|

mh cg }tgo|ea|aüo mh ~gcjth|# ljojlaeaho}j|# choixgkh|# h}l/




>%% Ljolcx|ajoh|

]tg| hc hvgeho mh cg| manhtho}h| hvrhtaholag| ho cj| çeda}j| mh hmxlglaüo oj njtegc wxh fhej|

gogca{gmj# }hohej| wxh mhlat wxh wxa{ç| eç| wxh ljolcx|ajoh| lhttgmg| cj wxh rjmhej| grjt}gt

gc chl}jt |jo xog |htah mh hcheho}j| wxh rj|adaca}go cg grht}xtg mh h|}j| h|rglaj| ho lcg~hao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# fgq wxh th|gc}gt cg ~jcxo}gm mh lthgt h|}h }arj mh h|rglaj|# oj

|aherth nçlach|# wxh gmheç| rgt}ho |aherth mhc thljojlaeaho}j mh cg |aoixcgtamgm mhc J}tj/ H|}j

|xrjoh qg mh ho}tgmg gljejmgt cg maoçealg mhc h|rglaj q cj| holxho}tj| g cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg|

rtjrag| }go}j mh cg| rht|jog| ljej mh cj| ljchl}a~j|/

Rjmtågej| |ao}h}a{gt }jmj h|}h rtjlh|j mh cg |aixaho}h egohtg; ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj ljergt}at

txr}xtg mh h|}hthj}arj| thljojlaeaho}j mh cg aixgcmgm ho cg manhtholag/

\a }jegej| hc rtaeht hcheho}j# hc ljojlaeaho}j ex}xj# h| mh th|gc}gt cg rj}holagcamgm wxh cj|

h|rglaj| oj njtegch| mh hmxlglaüo }ahoho rgtg rtj~jlgt xog ao}htgllaüo wxa{ç| eç| h|rjo}çohg# hohc |ho}amj mh ehoj| ao|}a}xlajogca{gmg# wxh rtjralag xog ljexoalglaüo eç| gdaht}g q og}xtgc/

Jd~ageho}h# }go |ücj mh|mh h|}h ljojlaeaho}j rjmhej| rg|gt g xog ng|h ho cg wxh hc ljergt}at |h

ljo~aht}g ho rtj}gijoa|}g/ Hc ao}htlgedaj mh hvrhtaholag| q |gdhth| ljo hc J}tj eh gdth g cg

rj|adacamgm mh tjerht }jmg xog |htah mh h|}hthj}arj| glhtlg mh cg rht|jog wxh }hoij ho ntho}h/ ]go}j hc

mh|ljojlaeaho}j ljej hc aegiaogtaj wxh mhc J}tj fh ljo|}txamj g }tg~á| mh cj| ma|lxt|j| |jlagch|# cj|

ehmaj| mh ljexoalglaüo# cj| txejth| xtdgoj|# h}l/ rxhmh th|wxhdtgkgt|h q rhtea}at xog grht}xtg eç|

|aolhtg/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# hc ao}htlgedaj ljo hc J}tj |h ljo~aht}h ho xo kxhij mh h|rhkj| ho hc wxh ho cg

ehmamg ho wxh thljoj{lj cg |aoixcgtamgm mhc J}tj eh thljoj{lj ho cg eåg rtjrag/

\ao hedgtij# ho h|}j| h|rglaj| mh hmxlglaüo oj njtegc oj |h }tg}g }go |ücj mh thljojlht cg

manhtholag mhc j}tj ho njteg mh lj|}xedth| hvü}alg|# thlh}g| mh ljlaog# choixg| q dgach|/ H|}j h|

ohlh|gtaj# rhtj wxhmgtoj| }go |ücj ho h|}h rcgoj cch~gtåg g cg cgtig g xog egqjt hvj}a{glaüo mhc

manhtho}h# xo rtjlh|j wxh rxhmh ihohtgt eç| chkgoåg wxh glhtlgeaho}j/ Gmheç|# xo hvlh|a~j

áong|a| ho h|}g| manhtholag| oj rhtea}atåg rcgo}hgt cg lthglaüo h ao}htgllaüo ho h|}j| h|rglaj| g

rgt}at mh cj| rxo}j| ho ljeûo wxh rxhmho xoat g |x| rgt}alargo}h|# |hgo h|}j| rxo}j| hc ljergt}at

xog |a}xglaüo cgdjtgc rthlgtag# hc rht}hohlht g xo itxrj mh hmgm# hc fhlfj mh |ht exkhth|# h}l/

H|}gej| |ao mxmg go}h xo manålac hwxacadtaj ho}th thljojlht cg manhtholag q wxh h|}g |h mh ho xo rcgoj

mh aixgcmgm/ Oj rjmhej| mhkgt mh |xdtgqgt wxh hc holxho}tj# hc maçcjij q hc ao}htlgedaj ljo hcj}tj fgo mh rgt}at mh h|h thljojlaeaho}j# rhtj oj h| ehoj| laht}j wxh h| ohlh|gtaj wxh }gc

holxho}tj |h rtjmx{lg ho}th rht|jog| wxh |jo ljo|amhtgmg| ljej aixgch| ho }áteaoj| mh

mhthlfj| q mhdhth|/ \ao mxmg# }gc q ljej |h fg |h÷gcgmj# cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ljej rtjrxh|}g

ohlh|a}g |ht ljo}hv}xgca{gmg ho xo egtlj mh mhthlfj| q mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç| aolcx|a~g rgtg oj

rhtmht cg rj}holagcamgm wxh jnthlh ljej rtjrxh|}g |jlaj%rjcå}alg mh ih|}aüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRthomahomJ G |ht aIXGCh|/762/ / / / / / / / /

Fa|]JtaG mh CGhmXLGLaüoao]htLXC]XtGC

ho h|RG÷G; CGhvRhtahoLaG mhCRXhdCJ Ia]GoJ

LGRå]XCJ1

Oxtag \httgoj# Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj41




Cg thgcamgm |jlagc gl}xgc h| lgmg ~h{ eç| fh}htjiáohg0 fh}htjihohamgm wxh |h jd|ht~g ho exq

ma|}ao}j| g|rhl}j|# q xoj mh hccj|# hc lxc}xtgc# h| lgmg måg eç| aerjt}go}h q oj}gdch itglag| g cj|

ej~aeaho}j| mh rjdcglaüo# cg aoeaitglaüo q cg nglacamgm rgtg cg| ljexoalglajoh| q hc ao}htlgedaj

mh aonjteglaüo/

Cg h|lxhcg oj h|}ç gkhog g h|}g fh}htjihohamgm/ Cg thgcamgm hmxlg}a~g h| xo thnchkj mh cg thgcamgm

|jlagc mh cg wxh njteg rgt}h/ Cg h|lxhcg }gedaáo h| lxc}xtgceho}h ma~ht|g/

Cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| h|rg÷jch| gljiho ho cg gl}xgcamgm # ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg aoeaitglaüo# g

oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh ma|}ao}g| rtjlhmholag|# rgå|h| q*j lxc}xtg|/ Rhtj h|}g ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc h|}ç

rth|ho}h ho cg| h|lxhcg| mh|mh fglh }aherj# itglag| g cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|/

7%% Hcheho}j| fa|}ütalj| q mh ljo}hv}j; cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|

Cg fa|}jtag mh cg h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog h|rg÷jcg h|# |ao mxmg# eç| thlaho}h wxh cg

mhc th|}j mh cj| laxmgmgoj|/ Fglh }go |ücj =2 g÷j| wxh |h ljeho{ü g h|ljcgta{gt mh ejmj

ihohtgca{gmj g cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}gog|/ Gmheç|# h|}g fa|}jtag fg rg|gmj rjt manhtho}h| ng|h| wxh

g ~hlh| fgo h|}gmj |xrhtrxh|}g| ho hc }aherj; cg hvlcx|aüo# cg h|ljcgta{glaüo |hrgtgmg q cg

h|ljcgta{glaüo xoanalgmg dgkj xo ejmhcj mh itxrj egqjta}gtaj/

Cg| rtaehtg| aoalag}a~g| |xtiahtjo lxgomj# g tgå{ mhc g|ho}geaho}j mhnaoa}a~j mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog

q |x aoljtrjtglaüo g cg ~amg mh cg| laxmgmh| q rxhdcj|# exlfj| oa÷j| rhtegohlågo ho cg lgcch g

fjtg| h|ljcgth|/

Rgtg mgt th|rxh|}g g h|}g| |a}xglajoh| h|rhlagch| nxhtjo rjlj g rjlj grgthlahomj cg|

mhojeaogmg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h/// Cg jtaho}glaüo aoalagc mh h|}g| h|lxhcg| htg njtegt gc oa÷j ia}goj

fg|}g wxh gclgo{gtg xo oa~hc mh ljojlaeaho}j| |xnalaho}h| rgtg aoljtrjtgt|h g cg| h|lxhcg|

jtmaogtag| ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| ljo cj| mheç| gcxeoj|/

\ao hedgtij# cj| th|xc}gmj| nxhtjo exq ~gtagmj| mhrhomahomj mh cg| latlxo|}golag| h|rhlånalg| mh

lgmg xog mh hccg|# ho lxgo}j g thlxt|j| fxegoj| q eg}htagch|# g|å ljej g cg| rj|adacamgmh| mhljjtmaoglaüo q mh gllaüo ljexoa}gtag/ Mh h|}h ejmj# ho gwxhccj| |a}aj| mjomh kxo}j g cg| H|lxhcg|

Rxho}h hva|}ågo g|jlaglajoh| j itxrj| mh dg|h }tgdgkgomj mh njteg ljjtmaogmg q icjdgc ho j}tg|

çthg|# cj| th|xc}gmj| nxhtjo eç| rj|a}a~j| wxh ho j}tj| mjomh cg h|lxhcg oj }hoåg thnxht{j mh

oaoiûo }arj/

Cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h# ljo }jmg| |x| mhnalaholag|# |xrx|ahtjo xo ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j ma|}ao}j q xo

h|nxht{j rjt th|rjomht g xo rtjdcheg ho xog| latlxo|}golag| ljolth}g|# ho cg| wxh hc |a|}heg

h|ljcgt ojtegca{gmj oj h|}gdg mgomj |jcxlaüo/

41 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Hmxlglaüo mh cg Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj/ \x ljtthj h|; oxtag/|httgojBia%

}goj|/jti/




H| aomxmgdch wxh cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h ljo}tadxqhtjo g gmhcgo}gt hc rtjlh|j mh h|ljcgta{glaüo mh cj|

oa÷j| ia}goj|/ \a oj fxdahtgo hva|}amj# cg lgo}amgm mh oa÷j| ia}goj| h|ljcgta{gmj| |htåg ehojt q

exlfj| rgmth| wxh fjq ho~ågo g |x| fakj| g h|lxhcg|# oj fxdah|ho amj hccj| ea|ej| g gwxhccg|/

Ho 716># ljo cg grcalglaüo mh cg Chq Jtiçoalg mh Mhthlfj g cg Hmxlglaüo mh|grgthlahtjo# mh ejmj

rtjith|a~j# cg egqjtåg mh cg| H|lxhcg| Rxho}h/ Cg tg{üo h| cg thixcglaüo wxh malfg chq fglh mhc

hkhtlalaj mhc mhthlfj g cg hmxlglaüo ho xo |a|}heg h|ljcgt ao}hitgmj wxh ljoladh cj| lho}tj|

hmxlg}a~j| ljej h|lxhcg| rgtg }jmj|# |ao caea}glajoh| rjt tg{joh| |jlagch|# hljoüealg| j mh

th|amholag/

Ho cj| rtaehtj| g÷j|# cg g|a|}holag mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj| g cg h|lxhcg jtmaogtag nxh h|lg|g mhdamj#

rjt xo cgmj# gc thlfg{j mh cg| h|lxhcg| q cg| manalxc}gmh| hvrxh|}g| rjt rgt}h mh gx}jtamgmh|

h|ljcgth|# rtjnh|jtgmj j rgmth| mh gcxeoj| fglag hc gcxeogmj ia}goj# q# ho |hixomj cxigt# rjt cg

rjlg rthma|rj|alaüo mh cg ngeacag ia}gog fglag cg h|lxhcg0 g÷gmahomj gmheç| hc fhlfj mh cghojteh ma|lthrgolag ho}th cg| ojteg| q fçda}j| h|ljcgth| q cj| ngeacagth|/

Q }jmj hccj# gmheç| mh thrhtlx}at mathl}geho}h ho cj| dgkj| oa~hch| mh g|a|}holag g lcg|h# aoncxqü mh

njteg ohig}a~g ho hc thomaeaho}j glgmáealj# mçomj|h gc}g| }g|g| mh ntglg|j h|ljcgt# ho cg| thcglajoh|

|jlagch|# ljo |a}xglajoh| mh ga|cgeaho}j j manalxc}gmh| mh ao}htgllaüo ho}th oa÷j| ia}goj| q oj ia}goj|#

q ho hc gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj |ao cg ljo|aixaho}h jd}holaüo mh }a}xcglaüo glgmáealg/

Ho cg ûc}aeg málgmg |xtih xo oxh~j ljo}hv}j# ej}a~gmj rjt cg gncxholag mh aoeaitgo}h|# wxh fglh wxh

cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm j cg ma~ht|amgm ho cg h|lxhcg oj |ücj ~hoig mgmg rjt cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|

ia}goj|# |aoj wxh jdhmh{lg }gedaáo g cg rth|holag mh j}tj| oa÷j| fakj| mh aoeaitgo}h|/ Cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc |h ljo~aht}h g|å ho xo }heg hehtiho}h wxh gmwxahth lgmg ~h{ egqjt aerjt}golag/

4%% Cg |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g gl}xgc mh cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| ia}goj|

Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cj| oa÷j| ia}goj| g cg h|lxhcg h| fjq ho måg xo fhlfj# ntx}j mh cj| h|nxht{j| mh

cg| gmeaoa|}tglajoh| hmxlg}a~g|# cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# cj| rtjnh|ajogch| mh cg hmxlglaüo# cg|

jtigoa{glajoh| oj ixdhtogeho}gch| q cg| ngeacag|/ Rhtj# gxowxh cg |a}xglaüo mh h|ljcgta{glaüo mhcg rjdcglaüo ia}gog fg ehkjtgmj rtjith|a~geho}h# cg rtçl}alg }j}gcamgm mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj h|}ç

h|ljcgta{gmj ho cg h}grg rtaegtag &lhtlg mhc 1=( |h h|ljcgta{g g cj| > g÷j| j go}h|!# q hc oa~hc

hmxlg}a~j mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog |aixh |ahomj fjq eç| dgkj wxh hc mh lxgcwxaht j}tj itxrj |jlagc

mh |hehkgo}h }geg÷j q ljerj|alaüo/

Hc rjtlho}gkh mh ia}goj| egqjth| mh 76 g÷j| ljo xo oa~hc mh gogcngdh}a|ej gd|jcx}j q*j nxolajogc h|

hch~gmj/ \hiûo cj| mg}j| mhc LA\<2# |h}ho}g q |ha| rht|jog| mh lgmg laho mho}tj mh h|}h ljchl}a~j }ahoho

ljej eçvaej cg hmxlglaüo rtaegtag# ntho}h g cg| }thao}g q |ha| mh cg rjdcglaüo h|rg÷jcg/

<2 –Goçca|a| mh cg holxh|}g mhc LA\ g cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog― / Xoa~ht|amgm Rûdcalg mh Og~gttg*

GC]HT Itxrj mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Rgercjog# 4226/




Ho cg| h}grg| mh hmxlglaüo dç|alg# rtaolargceho}h ho cg H\J# hva|}ho }jmg~åg aerjt}go}h|

rtjdcheg| mh gd|ho}a|ej# dgkj thomaeaho}j h|ljcgt q gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj/ \ücj hc 42( mhc

gcxeogmj ia}goj wxh aoalag 7» mh Hmxlglaüo \hlxomgtag Jdcaig}jtag cjitg glgdgt |x| h|}xmaj| ho

=»/ Gmheç| hc >6#=( mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj ho h|}g h}grg |h holxho}tg ho xog |a}xglaüo mh mh|ng|hlxttalxcgt mh eç| mh mj| g÷j|# ntho}h g xo 48#6( mhc gcxeogmj rgqj/ Q xo >8( mhc gcxeogmj

ia}goj fg thrh}amj gc ehoj| xo lxt|j g cj cgtij mh |x h|ljcgta{glaüo# ntho}h g xo <8#6( mhc

gcxeogmj oj ia}goj/

Gmheç|# rgtgmükalgeho}h# q rh|h g cj| h|nxht{j| wxh ho}amgmh| rûdcalg| q rta~gmg| h|}ço

}hoahomj ho hc aerxc|j mh rjcå}alg| mh aolcx|aüo wxh rgcaho |a}xglajoh| aoalagch| mh |hithiglaüo# ho

gcixog| {jog| h|}ç |xlhmahomj xo thith|j g cj| aoalaj|/ Gc aoltheho}gt hc rjtlho}gkh mh gcxeog| q

gcxeoj| ia}goj|# mh}hteaogmg| h|lxhcg| |h fgo ljo~ht}amj# mh oxh~j# ho h|lxhcg| |hithigmg| j

lho}tj| ixh}j/ Ho h|}g |a}xglaüo fgo aoncxamj hcheho}j| h|}txl}xtgch| ljej cg ljolho}tglaüo mh

ngeacag| ia}gog| ho mh}hteaogmj| ho}jtoj| j dgttaj|/

Ho thcglaüo g cg| rht|jog| ia}gog| xoa~ht|a}gtag|# gxowxh oj hva|}h xo mg}j rthla|j ho lxgo}j g |x

oûehtj# |h rxhmh gnategt wxh |aixh |ahomj }jmg~åg exq h|lg|j/ \h h|}aeg wxh ehoj| mh xo 7(

mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog }ahoh j h|}ç lxt|gomj h|}xmaj| xoa~ht|a}gtaj|/

H|}g |a}xglaüo }ahoh lcgtg| thrhtlx|ajoh| ho cg nx}xtg lgtthtg rtjnh|ajogc mh cj| kü~hoh|

ia}goj| q ia}gog| q |xrjoh xog dgtthtg g |xrhtgt rgtg g|hixtgt xog ~htmgmhtg aolcx|aüo

|jlagc mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog h|rg÷jcg/

<%% Amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc

Xo itgo oûehtj mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ia}gog| g÷gmho g cg |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg wxh ljocch~g hc

rht}hohlht g xo itxrj eaojta}gtaj ljo thnhtho}h| lxc}xtgch| ma|}ao}j| g cj| mh cg |jlahmgm egqjta}gtag#

xog mh|~ho}gkg |jlajngeacagt wxh manalxc}g xo gmhlxgmj q ür}aej rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj ljo~ahoh manhtholagt –lxc}xtg― mh –lcg|h |jlagc―/ H|}g| ~gtagdch| g ehoxmj |h

ljonxomho# mhdamj g cg |a}xglaüo mh egtiaoglaüo |jlajhljoüealg ho cg wxh |xhcho holjo}tgt|h cg|rtaolargch| eaojtåg| á}oalg| q*j lxc}xtgch| hva|}ho}h| ho cg| |jlahmgmh| aomx|}tagca{gmg|/ Cj|

~gcjth| lxc}xtgch| ljo cj| wxh malfg| eaojtåg| |h amho}analgo oj mhdho |ht ljonxomamj| ljo cg|

ljo|hlxholag| rtjmxlamg| rjt cg |a}xglaüo mh egtiaoglaüo# rjdth{g q hvlcx|aüo |jlagc ho cg wxh g

~hlh| |h holxho}tgo/

H| ohlh|gtaj }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cg| |a}xglajoh| mh rjdth{g q hvlcx|aüo |jlagc rtj~jlgo# ho cg

egqjtåg mh cj| lg|j|# manalxc}gmh| rgtg gclgo{gt rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| ojtegca{gmj| &ho}homahomj

rjt }gch| cj| oa~hch| ür}aej| mh|hgdch| rgtg lxgcwxaht oa÷j j oa÷g h|ljcgta{gmj|!/ Q h|}j h| mhdamj

g ~gtag| tg{joh|/

∔∔ G }tg~á| mh cg| thcglajoh| ngeacagth| |h }tgo|ea}ho rgx}g| mh ljerjt}geaho}j#

hvrhl}g}a~g|# ej}a~glajoh| q ~gcjth| wxh }ahomho g ego}hoht cg| gl}xgch| manhtholag|




|jlagch|# rjtwxh ho exlfj| lg|j| cg hvlcx|aüo |jlagc mh cg| ngeacag| |h }tgo|ea}h g cj|

fakj| h fakg|/

∔∔Xo dgkj oa~hc hmxlg}a~j gclgo{gmj rjt cj| rgmth| rxhmh gxeho}gt cg ma|lthrgolag ho}th

cg ~amg ngeacagt q cg h|ljcgt q# ljo hccg# cg| manalxc}gmh| ho cg ao}htgllaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg# cjwxh manalxc}g cg gmgr}glaüo mh cj| fakj| g h|}h ûc}aej ljo}hv}j/

H|}j| g|rhl}j|# ljej |h fg ljeho}gmj go}htajteho}h# aoncxqho mh njteg ohig}a~g ho cj| rtjlh|j|

hmxlg}a~j| q ho cg ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt mhc gcxeogmj wxh h|}ç ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg

|jlajlxc}xtgc/

Gcixog| mh cg| manalxc}gmh| eç| nthlxho}h| wxh rth|ho}go h|}j| gcxeoj| ho cg h|lxhcg |jo;

∔∔Manalxc}gm ho cg ljertho|aüo mh cg| ojteg| q cj| jdkh}a~j| h|ljcgth|# ljej hc

h|}gdchlaeaho}j mh fjtgtaj|# oa~hch| eåoaej| mh gx}jljo}tjc j ljertho|aüo mh cgx}acamgm mh cj| grthoma{gkh| h|ljcgth|/

∔∔Ljerjt}geaho}j| farhtgl}a~j| q manalxc}gmh| mh g}holaüo# mhdamj |jdth }jmj g cg ngc}g

mh ej}a~glaüo# cg gx|holag mh rtj}gijoa|ej q cg h|}txl}xtg lhttgmg mh cg h|lxhcg/

∔∔Ngc}g mh ej}a~glaüo mh cjitj q dgkg gx}jh|}aeg; cg |ho|glaüo mh oj ljo}tjcgt cj wxh

|xlhmh aeramh h|njt{gt|h rjt grthomht/

∔∔Lgtholag mh cj| fçda}j| q h|wxheg| mh ljojlaeaho}j| rth~aj| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg

grthomht q gmgr}gt|h g cg gl}a~amgm h|ljcgt/

Hc rtjnh|jtgmj q cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# g }tg~á| mh xo lxttålxcj gdaht}j q nchvadch# mh xo gmhlxgmj

ma|h÷j mh cg| hvrhtaholag| mh ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh q mh cg ao}htgllaüo |jlajgnhl}a~g# rxhmho

ljerho|gt ho itgo rgt}h h|}g| manalxc}gmh|/

=%% Ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho cj|lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ Hc lg|j ia}goj

Ljej |h fg mh|}glgmj go}htajteho}h# cg ao|}a}xlaüo hmxlg}a~g# ljej ljo|hlxholag mh xog egqjt

rth|holag mh gcxeoj| hv}tgokhtj| ho cg| gxcg| fg thnjt{gmj ho |x ma|lxt|j cg aerjt}golag mh cgg}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Hc rtjdcheg h| wxh h|}j| ma|lxt|j| oj fgo |amj gljerg÷gmj| mh

rtjrxh|}g| ljolth}g| mh ao}ht~holaüo/

Hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| oa÷j|# eç| gccç mh cg }hjtåg# oj fg holjo}tgmj |x cxigt

ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/ G|å# kxo}j g lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| ljo rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j| q mh

ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc daho rcgo}hgmj| q gkx|}gmj| g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj# |h mgo

}jmg lcg|h mh gl}xglajoh|# rg|gomj rjt cg| eç| njclcütalg| q h|}hthj}argmg|/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# xo thlaho}h h|}xmaj thgca{gmj rjt cg Nxomglaüo \hlth}gtagmj Ia}goj# ho

ljcgdjtglaüo ljo hc ANAAH q hc Ao|}a}x}j mh cg Exkht# exh|}tg ljej |jcj hc >( mh cj| lho}tj|hmxlg}a~j| mh rtaegtag fg aoljtrjtgmj hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| h fa|}ütalj| mh cg ljexoamgm ia}gog ho

hc rtjqhl}j mhc lho}tj h|ljcgt/ Ho hc 62( mh cj| lg|j| hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j oa |awxahtg |h fg




rcgo}hgmj cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh h|}j| hcheho}j|/ Mh fhlfj# hc ==( mh cj| rtjnh|jth| mh rtaegtag oj

ljo|amhtg wxh |hg ohlh|gtaj ao}tjmxlat hcheho}j| lxc}xtgch| h fa|}ütalj| mh cg ljexoamgm ia}gog ho

hc gxcg/

Rh|h g cj| h|nxht{j| thgca{gmj|# ho cg egqjtåg mh cj| lg|j|# cg lxc}xtg ia}gog oj h| eholajogmg ho

cg h|lxhcg oa ho cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j &oa |awxahtg ho cj| cadtj| mh fa|}jtag# g rh|gt mh wxh cg rjdcglaüo

ia}gog cch~g g|ho}gmg ho H|rg÷g mh|mh hc |aicj V^!/ Gmheç|# ho cg| h|lg|g| jlg|ajoh| ho cg| wxh

|h fglh gcixog eholaüo g cg lxc}xtg ia}gog |h thlxtth g h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j| wxh rhtkxmalgo cg

gx}jh|}aeg mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj q cg njteg ljej h|}h h| rhtladamj rjt hc itxrj/

Cg ao~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg lxc}xtg ia}gog th|xc}g ma|ltaeaog}jtag# rxh| |h h|}ç mhkgomj mh ojedtgt xog

thgcamgm wxh hva|}h# wxh itgo rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo oj ia}gog mh|ljojlh q fglag cg wxh gûo |h

ego}ahoho xog |htah mh h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/

Ho gcixoj| lg|j|# hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |h caea}g g xog gl}a~amgm ljolth}g wxh |h

rjoh ho egtlfg xo måg/ Q gxowxh |aherth h| ehkjt fglht xog gl}a~amgm mh xo måg wxh má g ljojlht

cg lxc}xtg ia}gog q mh|eaho}g cj| ea}j| wxh hva|}ho ho }jtoj g á|}g# wxh oj fglht ogmg# hc

}tg}geaho}j mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm mhdhtåg |ht exlfj eç| gercaj q }tgo|~ht|gc/ Cg rht|rhl}a~g

ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg xog ~htmgmhtg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc ho cg h|lxhcg# lgedagt hc

h}ojlho}ta|ej wxh aerhtg gûo ho cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j q ng~jthlht gl}a}xmh| mh th|rh}j# ~gcjtglaüo q

maçcjij fglag cg| manhtholag|/

H| eç| rtjdgdch wxh hc gcxeogmj ia}goj |h |aho}g eç| ej}a~gmj g g|a|}at g xog h|lxhcg ho cg wxh

|aho}h aolcxamj q gljiamj# lxgomj |h ch }ahoh ho lxho}g q lxgomj |h mh|}glgo g|rhl}j| rj|a}a~j| q

grjt}glajoh| mh |x itxrj lxc}xtgc g cg |jlahmgm/

Cg h|lxhcg h| xo h|rglaj mh thcglajoh| ho}th rht|jog| ljolth}g|# rht}hohlaho}h| g mh}hteaogmg|

lxc}xtg| q |hvj| q ljo ohlh|amgmh| h|rhlånalg|/ Oj |ücj hc gcxeogmj |h }ahoh wxh gmgr}gt g cg|

ojteg| q rj|adacamgmh| mh cg h|lxhcg# |aoj wxh }gedaáo hc rtjnh|jtgmj# hc lho}tj q hc rtjraj |a|}heg

hmxlg}a~j mhdhtågo gmgr}gt|h g h|}g| ohlh|amgmh| mhc gcxeogmj q g |x ma~ht|amgm lxc}xtgc/

Hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j mhdhtåg mh gmgr}gt|h g cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| mh |x gcxeogmj# g}homahomj g |x|

rgt}alxcgtamgmh|# ho cxigt mh fglht }jmj cj rj|adch rgtg wxh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| |h gmgr}ho gcg| hvaiholag| rgt}alxcgth| mh lgmg lho}tj/

Rtjdgdcheho}h |a cg gl}a}xm mh cg h|lxhcg fglag hc gcxeogmj ia}goj nxhtg eç| gljihmjtg q

magcjigo}h# |h ihohtgtåg ehoj| th|a|}holag q |h ng~jthlhtåg xog grht}xtg q xog egqjt rgt}alarglaüo

mh cg| ngeacag| ia}gog| ho cg h|lxhcg/

Ho }jmj lg|j# cg h|lxhcg }ahoh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm mh hmxlgt# q h|}j mhdh aercalgt xo lxamgmj mh cg|

thcglajoh| q xog g}holaüo g cg| manhtholag| q g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Cg egqjtåg mhc gcxeogmj ~g g |ho}at|h

ehkjt |a |h }ahoho ho lxho}g |x| ohlh|amgmh| q |a |x itxrj lxc}xtgc h| ~gcjtgmj# eaho}tg| wxh |h

|ho}atço egc go}h gl}a}xmh| wxh cj lta}awxho j wxh th|gc}ho cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/




8%% Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc

Hc eahmj g cg rátmamg mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc h| xoj mh cj| g|rhl}j| wxh nthogo cg ljo}aoxamgm

hmxlg}a~g mh cg| lfalg| q lfalj| ia}goj|/ H|}h eahmj |xtih ho xo ljo}hv}j ho hc wxh xog eaojtåg |h|aho}h gehog{gmg rjt cg| rth|ajoh| g|aeacglajoa|}g| mh cg egqjtåg/

]hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh oa cj| cadtj| mh Fa|}jtag oa j}tj| cadtj| mh }hv}j fgdcgo mh cg rjdcglaüo

ia}gog oa mh |x lxc}xtg# choixgkh# h}l/# gmheç| mh cg h|lg|h{ mh ehmamg| ng~jtgdch| g cg

ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# h| ljertho|adch wxh cg egqjt rgt}h mh cg rjdcglaüo ia}gog rhtladg cg h|lxhcg

ljej gkhog g |x rtjrag lxc}xtg q ljej xo cxigt ho hc wxh oj cg ~ho thrth|ho}gmg oa thljojlamg/

Cg| ljo|hlxholag| mh cg hch~gmg ma|lthrgolag wxh hva|}h ho}th cj| ljo}hoamj| h|ljcgth| q cg ~amg

ngeacagt mh cj| gcxeoj| rht}hohlaho}h| g itxrj| eaojta}gtaj| ho mh|~ho}gkg oj |jo |ücj mh }arj

ljioa}a~j/ Lxgomj h|}j| exomj| |jo lcgtgeho}h aoljerg}adch|# rxhmh jdcaigt|h gc oa÷j &j rgthlhtwxh |h jdcaig! g xog mxtg hchllaüo ho}th; cg gmgr}glaüo h|ljcgt ljo |x ljo|aixaho}h rtjejlaüo

|jlagc j cg amho}analglaüo ljo hc rtjraj itxrj lxc}xtgc thlfg{gomj cg h|lxhcg/

Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm |xrjomtåg xog gmgr}glaüo ex}xg ho cg wxh cg| rht|jog| oj }homtågo wxh

thoxolagt g cj| ~gcjth| wxh ch| th|xc}gtgo h|holagch|# |aoj wxh fgtågo |x rtjrag |åo}h|a| q

hcgdjtglaüo mh cg| aoncxholag| lxc}xtgch| wxh h|}ço thladahomj/ Rhtj |ücj rxhmh cch~gt|h g lgdj |a

cg| rht|jog| rht}hohlaho}h| g manhtho}h| lxc}xtg| }ahoho cg rj|adacamgm mh hvrth|gt|h ho |x|

rtjraj| }áteaoj| q ~ho thljojlamj |x rtjraj itxrj mh rht}hoholag ho thrth|ho}glajoh| wxh oj

h|}ço mhnjtegmg| rjt cj| h|}hthj}arj| ohig}a~j|/

Mhc eahmj g rhtmht |x lxc}xtg ho xo h|rglaj ho hc wxh á|}g oj h| thljojlamg |xtiho ljolhrlajoh|

mh thgllaüo# h|holagca|}g| q tåiamg|# mh cg lxc}xtg j mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc/ \a g h|}j |h ch g÷gmh cg

h|lg|h{ mh thnhtho}h| mh rht|jog| ia}gog| ljo áva}j h|ljcgt q cg ngc}g mh ~a|adaca{glaüo mh rht|jog|

ia}gog| ljo h|}xmaj| q }tgdgkj| lxgcanalgmj|# oj| holjo}tgthej| ljo rhtlhrlajoh| wxh oj

ljoladho g ia}gog| q ia}goj| h|}xmagomj eç| gccç mh cg h}grg mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag/

Ho hc lg|j mh cg| exkhth|# g cg| ljolhrlajoh| tåiamg| mh cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc |h ch xoh xog

mhnaoalaüo tåiamg mh cj wxh |aioanalg |ht exkht ia}gog/ Hc eahmj gc grgqgeaho}j j g cg rátmamg mh cg

lxc}xtg |h xoh ho}jolh| cg ljolhrlaüo mhc rgrhc mh cg| exkhth| ia}gog| caigmg ho exlfj| lg|j| gceg}taejoaj q cg eg}htoamgm/ H|}g taiamh{ fglh wxh |h ~hgo aoljerg}adch| cj| g|rhl}j| wxh |h

g|jlago g cg lxc}xtg q g xo tjc mh}hteaogmj| ljo cj| g|rhl}j| wxh |h g|jlago g j}tg/ H| mhlat# |a hc

ao|}a}x}j# cg xoa~ht|amgm q hc }tgdgkj lxgcanalgmj |h rhtladho ljej rgqj| q gmhlxgmj| rgtg fjedth|

eaho}tg| wxh cg eg}htoamgm q hc eg}taejoaj |h rhtladho ljej hcheho}j| h|holagch| rgtg cg

amho}amgm lxc}xtgc q mh iáohtj mh cg| exkhth| ia}gog|# |htç eç| manålac ljolhdat wxh xog exkht ia}gog

h|}xmah eç| gccç mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag j cchixh g mh|herh÷gt xo }tgdgkj lxgcanalgmj/ Mh h|}g

egohtg# cg| rht|jog| wxh herthomho lgeaoj| manhtho}h| g cj| wxh |x ho}jtoj h|rhtg mh hccg|

}ahomho g ~ht lxh|}ajogmg |x ia}gohamgm/

Cg ljo}aoxamgm hmxlg}a~g eç| gccç mh cg h}grg mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag# rjt }go}j# |xhch aercalgt xolxh|}ajogeaho}j mh cg ia}gohamgm mh cj| lfalj| q# |jdth }jmj# mh cg| lfalg| ljo áva}j h|ljcgt j wxh

thgca{go }tgdgkj| lxgcanalgmj|/






rgt}alarglaüo ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt# j}tj| giho}h| wxh ao}ht~ahoho ho rtjlh|j| hmxlg}a~j| oj

thicgmj|# q xog rthma|rj|alaüo h aercalglaüo |jlagc fglag cg lxc}xtg# hc grthoma{gkh q cg h|lxhcg/

Grj|}gt rjt }tgdgkgt cg ma~ht|amgm ho cg h|lxhcg mh|mh xo rhtnac ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg lgedaj|0lgedaj| aerjt}go}h| }go}j ho cj wxh |h }tgo|ea}h ljej ho lüej |h }tg|ea}h/ Xog rjcå}alg

hmxlg}a~g ao}hitglajoa|}g mhdh grjt}gt cg dû|wxhmg mh ho}homaeaho}j lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh cg h|lxhcg/

Xoj mh |x| jdkh}a~j| dç|alj| h| hc mh rtjej~ht |ho}aeaho}j| rj|a}a~j| mh xoamgm q }jchtgolag ho}th

cj| gcxeoj| q thmxlat cj| h|}hthj}arj|>/ Q xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc aercalg gmheç| g }jmg cg

ljexoamgm h|ljcgt# ljo cg ohlh|gtag grjt}glaüo mh |x gcxeogmj ho xo goçca|a| ltå}alj mh cg thgcamgm

|jlagc q ho rtjqhl}j| mh gllaüo wxh |xrjoigo xog cxlfg ljo}tg cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|9/

Rjt hccj# cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc fg mh mataiat|h g cg njteglaüo |a|}heç}alg mh }jmj hc gcxeogmj#

oj |ücj mh gwxhccj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| rht}hohlaho}h| g itxrj| á}oalj| j lxc}xtgch| eaojta}gtaj|/ \x|

rtaolaraj| rhmgiüialj| fgo mh lho}tgt|h ho;

∔∔Hc thljojlaeaho}j mhc mhthlfj rht|jogc mh lgmg gcxeoj g thladat cg ehkjt hmxlglaüo

manhtholagmg# g}homahomj g cg njteglaüo mh |x amho}amgm rht|jogc/

∔∔Hc thljojlaeaho}j rj|a}a~j mh cg| ma~ht|g| lxc}xtg| q choixg| q mh |x ohlh|gtag

rth|holag q lxc}a~j ho cg h|lxhcg/

∔∔ G}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm q th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag|# |ao h}awxh}gt gc gcxeogmj ho nxolaüo

mh á|}g|/

∔∔Oj |hithiglaüo ho itxrj| grgt}h mho}tj j nxhtg mh cg| gxcg|/

∔∔Ehkjtg mhc áva}j h|ljcgt q rtjejlaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mh eaojtåg| á}oalg| j ho |a}xglaüo

mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajlxc}xtgc/

∔∔Njteglaüo q njt}gchlaeaho}j ho cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh cj| ~gcjth| fxegoj| mh

aixgcmgm# th|rh}j# }jchtgolag# rcxtgca|ej# ljjrhtglaüo q ljtth|rjo|gdacamgm |jlagc/

∔∔Cxlfg gl}a~g ljo}tg }jmg egoanh|}glaüo mh tgla|ej j ma|ltaeaoglaüo/

∔∔Rth~holaüo mh cj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|/

∔∔Ljexoalglaüo gl}a~g h ao}htthcglaüo ho}th }jmj hc gcxeogmj/

∔∔Ljo~a~holag mhejltç}alg q rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g mh cj| gcxeoj| ho cg| gxcg| q ho hc lho}tj/

∔∔Rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g mh cj| rgmth| ho cg h|lxhcg h aoltheho}j mh cg ljexoalglaüo q cg|

thcglajoh| rj|a}a~g| ho}th cj| ma~ht|j| itxrj| á}oalj|/

∔∔

Ao|htlaüo gl}a~g mh cg h|lxhcg ho cg ljexoamgm cjlgc/

Hc hkh nxomgeho}gc wxh hoegtlg hc wxhfglht q cg ~amg h|ljcgt ljej xo hcheho}j mhnaoa}a~j h| hc

lxttålxcj hmxlg}a~j/ H| ho ác mjomh |h mhdh rcg|egt cg th|rxh|}g g cg ma~ht|amgm h|ljcgt# cg thgcamgm

exc}alxc}xtgc q hc mh|gttjccj mh ~gcjth| ljej hc th|rh}j q cg |jcamgtamgm# mh egohtg wxh h|}h |a|}heg

mh h|ljcgta{glaüo ûoalg ng~jth{lg cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| q hc

mh|gttjccj rht|jogc mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/

Oj h| ohlh|gtaj thlgclgt cg aerjt}golag mhc ea|ej# q |x ohlh|amgm mh glhtlgeaho}j q gmhlxglaüo

g cg thgcamgm lj}amagog mhc gcxeogmj q mhc rtjraj lho}tj/ H|}h hwxacadtaj# q |x thnhtholag lcgtg ho hc

lxttålxcxe# fglh wxh |h mhdgo }hoht ho lxho}g }go}j cj| ljo}hoamj| rtjraj| mhc grthoma{gkh ljejcj| ljerjt}geaho}j| q ~gcjth| ho wxh ~a~h q |h mh|gttjccg hc gcxeogmj/




Mh h|}g egohtg# |htç ohlh|gtaj wxh hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j |h rtjrjoig th~a|gt xoj| hcheho}j|#

aolcxat j |xrtaeat j}tj|# q gmhlxgt hc egtlj mh thnhtholag ihohtgc q cg| jrlajoh| ljolth}g| gc egtlj

mh rcxtgcamgm wxh |h wxahth rtjrjoht/ ]jmj hccj ho}ho mahomj hc lxttålxcj ho xo |ho}amj gercaj#

mjomh ljoncxqho ljolhr}j|# rtjlhmaeaho}j| q gl}a}xmh| wxh gnhl}go gc ljokxo}j mh cg ljexoamgmhmxlg}a~g;

Cchigmj hc ejeho}j mh ao}tjmxlat ho hc lxttålxcj g|rhl}j| wxh ng~jth{lgo hc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej# cj|

hcheho}j| eç| |aioanalg}a~j| g }hoht ho lxho}g |jo;

∔∔ cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc h|rglaj q ta}ej| mh grthoma{gkh/

∔∔hc ma|h÷j mh gl}a~amgmh| ej}a~gmjtg| q |aioanalg}a~g|/

∔∔ cj| rtjraj| ljo}hoamj| glgmáealj|/

∔∔ cg eh}jmjcjiåg ho hc gxcg/

∔∔ cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc }go}j ho cj| h|rglaj| q }aherj| njtegch| ljej oj njtegch|&thlthj|# h}l/!

Ljej cg tg{üo nxomgeho}gc mhc }tgdgkj hmxlg}a~j h| hc gcxeogmj# |h ch mhdh }hoht |aherth

rth|ho}h ho h|}g }gthg mh th~a|aüo q gmhlxglaüo mhc lxttålxcxe |jdth ma|}ao }j| g|rhl}j| lcg~h wxh

mhnaoho cg njteg mh |ht# ~a~at q grthomht mh h|}h gcxeogmj/ H| ho h|}j| g|rhl}j| mjomh |h rxhmh

jd|ht~gt mh xog egohtg eç| lcgtg cg ma~ht|amgm mhc gxcg q mhc lho}tj q# }gedaáo ho hccj# holjo}tgt

ra|}g| mh }tgdgkj rtjrag| q ljexoh| g }jmj hc itxrj/

]hoahomj ho lxho}g lüej h| q lüej ~a~h hc gcxeogmj mh lgmg lho}tj# wxhmgtågo mj| hcheho}j|

nxomgeho}gch| rgtg ljerch}gt h|}g th~a|aüo q gmhlxglaüo mhc lxttå lxcj g xog rht|rhl}a~g

ao}htlxc}xtgc; hc mh|gttjccj mhc }tgdgkj ho hc gxcg q hc rhtnac rhmgiüialj mhc rtjnh|jtgmj/ Hc lho}tj

hmxlg}a~j }ahoh |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# |x| rtjrag| njteg| mh fglht q ~a~at hc måg g måg0 oj |h rxhmh mhkgt

g xo cgmj cg lxc}xtg h|ljcgt ho h|}h rtjlh|j/

Cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| grthomho mh }jmj cj wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj malh q fglh/ \jo |x thnhtholag

mathl}g q ljo}aoxg0 q ho hccg }gedaáo |h aolcxqho ~gcjth|# njteg| mh rho|gt# egohtg| mh gl}xgt#

h}l… |aherth }hoahomj ho lxho}g cg ao}holajogcamgm# ljej lgtgl}htå|}alg rtjrag mhc wxhfglht

hmxlg}a~j/ H| aerjt}go}h wxh }jmg| cg| mhla|ajoh| wxh |h }jeho oj |hgo gtda}tgtag|# |aherth |h

mhdh thnchvajogt |jdth cg ao}holajogcamgm;

Xo g|rhl}j exq aerjt}go}h |h lho}tg ho hc }tgdgkj mhc gxcg/ H| gccå mjomh måg g måg ljo~a~h hc itxrj#

hc rtjnh|jtgmj mh|gttjccg |x cgdjt hmxlg}a~g q mjomh hc gcxeoj q gcxeog }ahoho |x thnhtholag

mathl}g/ H| rthla|j gdjtmgt cg th~a|aüo q rcgo}hgeaho}j mh eh}jmjcjiåg| mh gxcg mh egohtg wxh

rhtea}go glhtlgt q rj}holagt |x ma~ht|amgm/

Cg| eh}jmjcjiåg| mh gxcg eç| gljtmh| ljo cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc |htågo

cg| |aixaho}h|# |aherth }hoahomj ho lxho}g wxh }gch| eá}jmj| |jo ljercheho}gtaj| q oj

hvlcxqho}h| ho}th |å; g|aioglaüo mh }gthg|# cg ho|h÷go{g thlårtjlg# hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# h}l/

G cg ~h{# q mh egohtg eç| mathl}g# |h rxhmho x}aca{gt exlfg| eh}jmjcjiåg| q thlxt|j| wxh

rhtea}go }tgdgkgt g|rhl}j| rtjraj| mh cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm q mh cg| eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch| wxh ljo~a~ho




ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj# mh cj| lxgch| gwxå |h rtjrjoho }th|# }jmj| ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh gxeho}gt hc

ljojlaeaho}j ao}htlxc}xtgc ho }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q hc mh|gttjccj mh cg rtjrag amho}amgm lxc}xtgc ho cj|

oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh cg| eaojtåg| ng~jthlahomj |x rtj}gijoa|ej rj|a}a~j;

∔∔Lxttålxcj mh itxrj ûoalj; thgca{gt xoamgmh|# }heg| j lxt|j| wxh rth|ho}ho aonjteglaüo

ho rtjnxomamgm |jdth xo mh}hteaogmj itxrj j lxc}xtg/

∔∔Eá}jmj mh cj| }üralj|; |hchllajogt }heg| ljej cj| fátjh|# cg choixg# cg laholag# cg

ig|}tjojeåg# hc gt}h… ao}tjmxlahomj mg}j| h aonjteglajoh| rgtg h|}xmagt cg| manhtho}h|

lxc}xtg|# lhchdtgt måg| h|rhlagch|# mhmalgtch| chllajoh|# h}l/

∔∔Eá}jmj ljolhr}xgc; aoljtrjtgt ljolhr}j| g|jlagmj| gc rcxtgca|ej lxc}xtgc mho}tj mh

cg| |h|ajoh| magtag|0 rjt hkhercj; ao}htmhrhomholag# rcxtgca|ej# rthkxalaj# h|}hthj}arj#

hvrcj}glaüo# exc}alxc}xtgca|ej# ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej# ma|ltaeaoglaüo# h}l…

Ho lxgo}j g cj| cadtj| mh }hv}j# wxh |jo hc thlxt|j eç| x}aca{gmj rjt hc rtjnh|jtgmj ho cj| ma|}ao}j|rgå|h|# h| rthla|j wxh |h thgcalh rth~ageho}h g |x gmwxa|alaüo h aoljtrjtglaüo gc }tgdgkj lxttalxcgt#

xo goçca|a| hvfgx|}a~j mhc }tg}geaho}j wxh fglho mh cg exc}alxc}xtgcamgm q mh cg hmxlglaüo ho

~gcjth|# qg wxh cj| ljo}hoamj| q cg njteg mh hvrjohtcj| rxhmho ho}tgt ho ljo}tgmallaüo ljo cj|

jdkh}a~j| hmxlg}a~j| mhc lho}tj q |x rtjnh|jtgmj# gnago{gomj h|}hthj}arj|# gxeho}gomj hc rthkxalaj

ao}htitxrgc q mg÷gomj |ho|adcheho}h cg amho}amgm lxc}xtgc mh cj| gcxeoj| ia}goj|/ Rjt hccj# h|

aerth|laomadch wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| thgcalh xo goçca|a| mh cj| }hv}j|

h|ljcgth| wxh |h ~go g x}aca{gt ho lgmg h}grg q çthg }hoahomj ho lxho}g nxomgeho}gceho}h lta}htaj|

mh ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# |jdth }jmj lxgomj ho malfj| lho}tj| |h h|ljcgtalh gcxeogmj rht}hohlaho}h g

eaojtåg| á}oalg|/

Ho xo h|}xmaj thgca{gmj ho H|rg÷g6 |jdth hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg exc}alxc}xtgcamgm ho cj| cadtj| mh

}hv}j# |h fg ljertjdgmj wxh# |a daho fgo g~go{gmj |aioanalg}a~geho}h th|rhl}j g málgmg|

go}htajth| ho g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth| &lxamgmj mhc ehmaj gedaho}h#

hmxlglaüo ~agc# aixgcmgm mh iáohtj|…!# q fgo }hoamj xo rtjith|j }go}j lxgo}a}g}a~j ljej

lxgca}g}a~j th|rhl}j g cg| thnhtholag| ho acx|}tglajoh| &nj}jitgnåg| j madxkj|! q }hv}j| h|lta}j| |jdth

rht|jog| mh itxrj| á}oalj| j lxc}xtgch| ma|}ao}j| gc egqjta}gtaj; }jmg~åg oj ljo}ahoho xo

rcgo}hgeaho}j h|rhlånalj q }tgo|~ht|gc mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# oj ao}tjmxlho hcheho}j| th%

rth|ho}g}a~j| mh cg| lxc}xtg| eaojta}gtag| rth|ho}h| ho oxh|}tj ho}jtoj# h aolcx|j ho jlg|ajoh| |x|

ljo}hoamj| |jo ljo}tgmal}jtaj| ljo cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc ao}htlxc}xtgca|ej/ Cj| rtaolargch| th|xc}gmj|mh h|}h h|}xmaj aomalgo wxh;

g ∔∔ |h |aixho hvlcxqhomj mh}hteaogmj| itxrj| ljo itgo rth|holag ho h|}g |jlahmgm#

ljej hc rxhdcj ia}goj/

d ∔∔ho gcixog| jlg|ajoh| cg| thnhtholag| }go}j h|lta}g| ljej ho acx|}tglajoh| }tgo|ea}ho

aonjteglaüo wxh |h lho}tg |ücj ho |a}xglajoh| mh egtiaogcamgm# hvj}a|ej j

njc`cjta|ej# j thnxht{go cj| h|}hthj}arj| qg hva|}ho}h| fglag hccj|/




9%% Cg| hvrhtaholag| ho hc }tgdgkj |jdth ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc

\jo ma~ht|g| q oxehtj|g| cg| gllajoh| wxh ho eg}htag mh ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g h ao}htlxc}xtgc

|h fgo thgca{gmj ho ma|}ao}j| h|rglaj| hmxlg}a~j|/ G cg ~h{# |jo exlfg| cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|# rht|jog|q rtjitgeg| wxh fgo ao}ho}gmj glhchtgt q grjqgt h|}h rtjlh|j gdjtmgomj ma~ht|j| g|rhl}j| mhc

ea|ej# q wxh rxhmho jnthlht |jcxlajoh| rtgl}algmg|# hvrhtaeho}gmg| q ~gcjtgmg|/

9/7%% Hc gllh|j g cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|

Ojtegceho}h hc gllh|j g xog h|lxhcg aongo}ac j mh rtaegtag# j g xo lho}tj mh hmxlglaüo |hlxomgtag

oj }ahoh eç| }tçea}h| wxh cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo rjt rgt}h mh cj| rgmth| |jdth cg|

lgtgl}htå|}alg| mhc lho}tj q cg eg}talxcglaüo rj|}htajt mhc gcxeoj j gcxeog# wxh |h aoljtrjtg g cg|

gxcg| h aoalag hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j/

Lxgomj |h }tg}g mh gcxeogmj ia}goj# q rjoaáomjoj| ho |x rht|rhl}a~g# cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo

|jdth hc lho}tj gc wxh |h ~g g aoljtrjtgt h| eç| ljerchkg; cj| rgmth| |h rcgo}hgo# gmheç| mh cj

go}htajt# hc }arj mh }tg}j wxh hc lho}tj q hc rtjnh|jtgmj }ahoho fglag cg| eaojtåg|# cg| thnhtholag| wxh

holxho}tg |jdth |x rtjrag lxc}xtg# hc gljiaeaho}j ho}th cj| ljerg÷htj| mh |x fakj*g# …

]jmj cj wxh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g &lho}tj# rtjnh|jtgmj# hwxarj mathl}a~j# rht|jogc mh grjqj

gmeaoa|}tg}a~j j mh |ht~alaj| hv}tgh|ljcgth|# g|jlaglaüo mh rgmth| j mh go}aixj| gcxeoj|! fgig ljo hc nao

mh nglaca}gt xo gmhlxgmj gllh|j h aoljtrjtglaüo mhc gcxeogmj ia}goj# ho ljcgdjtglaüo ljo cj| giho}h|

hv}htoj|# |htç ho dhohnalaj mh xo gmhlxgmj rtjlh|j mh ojtegca{glaüo ho hc th|}j mh ~gtagdch|/

9/4%% Cg gmwxa|alaüo mh ta}ej|# tx}aog| q ojteg| h|ljcgth|

\hiûo cg rhtlhrlaüo mhc rtjnh|jtgmj# wxa{ç| |hg á|}g cg ~gtagdch mh cg ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g wxh

eç| th|gc}g cg manhtholag ho}th hc gcxeogmj ia}goj q mh cg egqjtåg lxc}xtgc rth|ho}h ho xo lho}tj# qg

wxh |jo g|rhl}j| wxh th|rjomho gc ccgegmj –lxttålxcj jlxc}j―; |jo aercåla}j|# |h grthomho rjt

jd|ht~glaüo j rjt aonhtholag# oj |jo ohijlagdch| g rtajta# h aoncxqho ho hc rtjlh|j mh grthoma{gkh ho

cg ehmamg wxh rhtea}ho j manalxc}go cg rgt}alarglaüo mhc oa÷j ho ác q hc hkhtlalaj mhc rgrhc mhcrtjnh|jt/

Cj| rtjdcheg| eç| oj}gdch| thcglajogmj| ljo h|}g ~gtagdch |xhcho thlght ho cg g|a|}holag &oa~hc mh

gd|ho}a|ej!# cg| h|}tg}hiag| mh ljexoalglaüo &h|lxlfgt# th|rjomht# th|rh}gt }xtoj|…!# cg

th|jcxlaüo mh cj| ljoncal}j| mh thcglaüo ljo ljerg÷htj| j ljo rtjnh|jth|# cg faiahoh q lxamgmj

rht|jogc q hc th|rh}j g cg| ojteg| |jdth cj| h|rglaj|# cj| }aherj| q cj| thlxt|j|/

9/<%% Cg ao}htgllaüo |jlagc ho hc gxcg q ho hc lho}tj

Hc itgmj mh ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mh cj| gcxeoj| ia}goj| mhrhomh mhc }arj mh thcglajoh| wxh

h|}gdch{lgo ljo |x| ljerg÷htj| q rtjnh|jth|# wxh rxhmho |ht mh mj| }arj|; thcglajoh|




|xrhtnalagch|# wxh aercalgo xo h|lg|j itgmj mh ljertjea|j ao}htrht|jogc# q thcglajoh| h|}thlfg|

mh gea|}gm# wxh aercalgo gc}j| itgmj| mh ljertjea|j h ao}htgllaüo rht|jogc/

H| h|}h ûc}aej }arj hc wxh rxhmh rj|adaca}gt xog ehkjt ao}hitglaüo |jlagc mhc gcxeogmj mh eaojtåg| rjt cj

wxh h| ohlh|gtaj ng~jthlht# ho cj| ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j|# |a}xglajoh| wxh manålaceho}h |h mgo mh njtegh|rjo}çohg &h|ljcgth| q hv}tgh|ljcgth|!# ho cg| wxh |h rtjmx{lg ljo}gl}j ao}htitxrgc ljo cg |xnalaho}h

ao}ho|amgm q mxtglaüo ljej rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht thcglajoh| h|}thlfg| mh gea|}gm ljo cj| ljerg÷htj|

mh cj| j}tj| itxrj| á}oalj|# q wxh rhtea}go# g |x ~h{# rtjrjtlajogt hvrhtaholag| ho cg| wxh cj| eahedtj|

mh cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| }hoigo xo h|}g}x| |aeacgt q ljjrhtho ho cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh cj| ea|ej| jdkh}a~j|/

Malfg| |a}xglajoh| |h rxhmho njeho}gt g rgt}at mh eh}jmjcjiåg| ljej;

∔∔hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# wxh rth}homh ng~jthlht hc h|}gdchlaeaho}j mh thcglajoh|

ao}htá}oalg| mh gea|}gm g rgt}at mh cg g}tgllaüo wxh |h rtjmxlh ho}th cj| eahedtj| mh

manhtho}h| itxrj| á}oalj| lxgomj |h h|nxht{go rjt gclgo{gt eh}g| ljergt}amg|0

∔∔ cg ma|lx|aüo q thrth|ho}glaüo mh cj| ljoncal}j| jtaiaogmj| rjt cj| rthkxalaj| g rgt}at mhfa|}jtag| |jdth lüej |h njtego q hc mg÷j wxh rtjmxlho# ljo hc jdkh}j mh mh|gttjccgt cg

}jchtgolag g cg ma~ht|amgm q cg herg}åg fglag cj| itxrj| wxh |jo jdkh}j mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo0

∔∔ cg ljjrhtglaüo ho h|rglaj| cûmalj| ljergt}amj| &thlthj# }aherj cadth#///!# lthgomj

oxh~j| kxhij| q |a}xglajoh| mjomh }jmj| cj| oa÷j| }hoigo |aeacgth| mh|}th{g| q*j

ljcgdjtho ho cg gmwxa|alaüo mh cg| ea|eg|0

∔∔ cg rgt}alarglaüo mhejltç}alg q gmgr}gmg mhc gcxeogmj# ho g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo

|x ~amg ho hc lho}tj# mh egohtg wxh |h ng~jth{lg hc grthoma{gkh mh cg th|jcxlaüo mh cj|

ljoncal}j| mh egohtg ljo|}txl}a~g q cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| |jdth cg ljo~a~holag/

]jmj| h|}j| g|rhl}j|# rhtj rtaolargceho}h cj| thcglajogmj| ljo hc grthoma{gkh mh cg ljjrhtglaüo#

mh cg| fgdacamgmh| mh th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| q mh cg rgt}alarglaüo mhejltç}alg# |jo jdkh}a~j| wxh

rhtea}ho mh|gttjccgt aerjt}go}h| lgrglamgmh| rht|jogch| ho }jmj gcxeogmj# q rxhmho }tgdgkgt|h

}go}j ho h|rglaj| mh hmxlglaüo njtegc ljej oj njtegc# mh|rxá| mhc fjtgtaj chl}a~j# mho}tj j nxhtg

mh cj| ljchiaj| q mh egohtg ljercheho}gtag0 ho h|}j| ûc}aej| h|rglaj|# ma~ht|g| ho}amgmh| q

giho}h| ~ahoho mh|gttjccgomj gllajoh| dgkj cg mhojeaoglaüo mh rtjitgeg| |jlajhmxlg}a~j|#

rtjitgeg| mh grjqj q |hixaeaho}j h|ljcgt j rtjitgeg| mh ljerho|glaüo hv}htog/

Rjt j}tj cgmj# hva|}h g ~hlh| hc tah|ij mh wxh cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| wxh hc rtjnh|jtgmj }ahoh fglag hc

gcxeogmj rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg| |hgo dgkg| q mh wxh cg| thcglajoh| h|}gdchlamg| ho}thgedj| |hgo ohig}a~g|/ H|}j |xhch |ht rtjmxlamj rjt cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh hva|}ho ho jlg|ajoh| rgtg

g}homht gmhlxgmgeho}h cg fh}htjihohamgm mh cg| gxcg| q g cj| gcxeoj| eç| ma|txr}a~j|/ Mh }jmj

hccj |h mhmxlh cg ohlh|amgm mh ng~jthlht lgedaj| ho hc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt mh egohtg wxh hc ljo}tjc

mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| mhkh mh h|}gt lho}tgmj ho ác q rg|h g |ht ljergt}amj rjt }jmg cg lcg|h# q hc

rtjnh|jt |h }tgo|njteh g|å ho gcixaho ma|rjoadch rgtg nglaca}gt cg ljo|}txllaüo mh ~gcjth| q cg ehkjtg

mh cg lgcamgm mh cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h h|}gdchlho ho cg h|lxhcg# gxeho}gomj |x |g}a|ngllaüo ljo hc

}tgdgkj mjlho}h/

Oj jd|}go}h# h| aerjt}go}h }hoht ho lxho}g wxh cj| oa÷j| rht}hohlaho}h| g eaojtåg| á}oalg|# |jdth

}jmj cj| oa÷j| ia}goj|# rxhmho }hoht xog ohlh|amgm egqjt mh gnhl}a~amgm wxh hc th|}j mhljerg÷htj|# daho rjt h|}gt ho xog |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajngeacagt &gxowxh oj |h mg ho }jmj|

cj| lg|j|!# j daho rjt |ht xog lgtgl}htå|}alg eç| ao}tåo|hlg g |x rtjrag lxc}xtg/




9/=%% Cj| cjitj| h|ljcgth|

Glhr}gt cg ma~ht|amgm mh oa~hch|# mh lgrglamgmh|# mh ao}hth|h| q mh lxc}xtg|# ho}th j}tg|# ho hc ljo}hv}j

hmxlg}a~j |xrjoh glhr}gt wxh hc lxttålxcxe glgmáealj q h|ljcgt mhdh |ht rtaehtgeho}h nchvadch qgmgr}gdch rgtg igtgo}a{gt cg aixgcmgm mh jrjt}xoamgmh| ho }jmj hc gcxeogmj/ H| aerjt}go}h }hoht ho

lxho}g cg manhtholag mh rgt}amg ho}th cj| gcxeoj| &ho h|}h lg|j ia}goj| q mh j}tg| eaojtåg|! rgtg# ho}th

j}tg| lj|g|# oj jdcaigtch g jr}gt ho}th |x lxc}xtg q cg lxc}xtg h|ljcgt# ljo }jmj cj wxh hccj aercalg mh

tah|ij rgtg cg ojtegca{glaüo hmxlg}a~g q rgtg |x rtjraj mh|gttjccj rht|jogc/

H| rthla|j wxh cg| rtjitgeglajoh| mh gxcg h|}áo ma|h÷gmg| q mh|gttjccgmg| mh }gc egohtg wxh

rhtea}go th|rjomht g cg ma~ht|amgm mh lgrglamgmh|# ao}hth|h| q ej}a~glajoh| mh xo itxrj

ljolth}j/ Cj| rtaolaraj| nxomgeho}gch| mh cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho ljo}hv}j| hmxlg}a~j|

ao}htá}oalj| mhdho h|}gt thljiamj| ho hc Rtjqhl}j Hmxlg}a~j/ Malfg g}holaüo hvaih thgca{gt

gmgr}glajoh| lxttalxcgth| ho cj| ma|}ao}j| oa~hch| mh ljolthlaüo &Rtjqhl}j Lxttalxcgt mh Lho}tj qmh H}grg# Rtjitgeglajoh| mh lalcj q mh gxcg!0 gmgr}glajoh| wxh rxhmho aercalgt; jtigoa{glaüo mh

itxrj| nchvadch| mh }tgdgkj# aoltheho}j mh thlxt|j| eg}htagch| j rht|jogch|# q lgedaj| ho

hcheho}j| jtigoa{g}a~j|# eh}jmjcüialj|# thcglajogch|# mh gl}a~amgmh|# ljo}hoamj| x jdkh}a~j|/

Ljo~ahoh |h÷gcgt wxh malfg| gmgr}glajoh| mhdho ng~jthlht xo mh|gttjccj ür}aej ho }jmj| cj|

gcxeoj| &oj |ücj ho gcxeoj| rht}hohlaho}h| g eaojtåg| á}oalg| |aoj }gedaáo ho hc th|}j!/

Cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh }jmj| cj| aercalgmj| ho hc rtjlh|j mh rtjej~ht hc ür}aej mh|gttjccj mh lgmg

gcxeoj &rtjnh|jt }x}jt q mh grjqj# jtaho}gmjt r|aljrhmgiüialj# hwxarj exc}artjnh|ajogc# giho}h|

|jlagch|///! g|å ljej cg ljexoalglaüo ncxamg ljo cg ngeacag# |jo aerth|laomadch| ho h|}h |ho}amj/ Hc

}tgdgkj ljokxo}j ho}h hc rtjnh|jt }x}jt q j}tj| rtjnh|jth| mh grjqj mho}tj mh lcg|h h| xog

h|}tg}hiag exq gmhlxgmg rgtg ng~jthlht hc mh|gttjccj mh cg }jchtgolag q ljo|hixat ehkjth|

th|xc}gmj| ho thomaeaho}j glgmáealj q thcglajoh| |jlagch| ho gcxeoj| ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg

|jlajlxc}xtgc j rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg|# qg wxh hc |a|}heg mh cch~gt g cj| gcxeoj| ho

mh|~ho}gkg g gxcg| h|rhlånalgeho}h mh|}aogmg| g lcg|h| mh hmxlglaüo ljerho|g}jtag rxhmh

ng~jthlht hc h}awxh}gmj mh malfj| gcxeoj| rjt |x| ljerg÷htj| q rjt cj| ea|ej| rtjnh|jth|# mh

egohtg wxh |h thmxlho cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| hmxlg}a~g| |jdth hccj| q gxeho}g hc tah|ij mh ma|eaoxat cg

g}holaüo mhmalgmg g h|}j| h|}xmago}h| q hc h|nxht{j rht|jogc rgtg |x grthoma{gkh/ ]gedaáo cj|

rtjraj| gcxeoj| ho mh|~ho}gkg ljttho hc tah|ij mh ao}htajta{gt h|}g| ~gcjtglajoh|# ma|eaoxqhomj

|x| hvrhl}g}a~g| |jdth hc grthoma{gkh h|ljcgt q |x |ho}amj mh ljerh}holag rht|jogc/

Xoj mh cj| rtjlh|j| eç| aerjt}go}h| ho cg g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g mhc gcxeogmj ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg

j rht}hohlaho}h g eaojtåg| á}oalg| h| hc magioü|}alj j cg h~gcxglaüo aoalagc mh |x| ohlh|amgmh| ho hc

}htthoj h|ljcgt# aolcxqhomj }gedaáo |x ho}jtoj |jlagc q ngeacagt/ Xog h~gcxglaüo ljtthl}g q g }aherj h|

aerth|laomadch rgtg gmjr}gt cg| ehmamg| rhmgiüialg| jrjt}xog|# gmgr}gt hc lxttålxcxe q herchgt cj|

thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj| wxh rhtea}go g h|}h gcxeogmj mh|gttjccgt }jmg| |x| lgrglamgmh| ljej xo mhthlfj

rtjraj/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj rjmtåg th|xc}gt û}ac lthgt xo |a|}heg mh aonjteglaüo njtegc# h|lta}j q h|}gdch wxh

aolcxqg fa|}jtagc glgmáealj# hc thia|}tj mh cg| gllajoh| hmxlg}a~g| thgca{gmg| ljo hc gcxeoj q cj|

th|xc}gmj| jd}hoamj| g }tg~á| mh xo |hixaeaho}j rtüvaej q rthla|j/

Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg nchvadacamgm q cg ma~ht|analglaüo mh cj| eá}jmj| mh ho|h÷go{g ljo}tadxqh g

ng~jthlht cg ej}a~glaüo ihohtgc mhc gcxeogmj# gc h~a}gt cg ejoj}joåg mh xo eá}jmj ûoalj mh




ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh/ Cj| eá}jmj| wxh |h grjqgo ho hc }tgdgkj ho itxrj# ljej hc grthoma{gkh

ljjrhtg}a~j# |jo xog hvlhcho}h jrjt}xoamgm rgtg cj| gcxeoj| ho mh|~ho}gkg mh holjo}tgt cg|

gl}a~amgmh| eç| ej}a~gmjtg| q |aioanalg}a~g|# grthomht g }tg~á| mh cg ljjrhtglaüo q ma|rjoht mh xog

gqxmg lhtlgog ho cg| }gthg| h|ljcgth| g }tg~á| mh |x| rtjraj| ljerg÷htj| mh lcg|h# wxh gmheç| |hholxho}tgo ho |x {jog mh mh|gttjccj rtüvaej q rjt cj }go}j rxhmho fglht cj| ljo}hoamj| nçlaceho}h

ljertho|adch|/ Á|}j|# g |x ~h{# ljertxhdgo |x rtjrag hnalglag gc hvrcalgt cj| ljo}hoamj| g j}tj|

ljerg÷htj|# jtigoa{go ljioa}a~geho}h exlfj ehkjt cj grthomamj# cj g|aeacgo eç| q mh|gttjccgo cg

herg}åg q cg }jchtgolag g }tg~á| mh cg ljcgdjtglaüo/ Xoj| q j}tj| grthomho g h|njt{gt|h ho cg| }gthg|

glgmáealg| ljjrhtgomj ljo ljerg÷htj| wxh |jo gc ea|ej }aherj aixgch| q manhtho}h|/

Gmheç| h|}h }arj mh eh}jmjcjiåg| }ahoh j}tj ~gcjt g÷gmamj rgtg hc }heg wxh gwxå oj| jlxrg; hc

lgedaj ho cg rhtlhrlaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mhc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt# qg wxh ljo cg grcalglaüo mhc

grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j hc ljo}tjc mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| h|ljcgth| oj |h lho}tg ho hc rtjnh|jt |aoj wxh

rg|g g |ht ljergt}amj rjt }jmg cg lcg|h# ng~jthlahomj hc mh|gttjccj mh cg th|rjo|gdacamgm rht|jogcho hc gcxeogmj q cg }tgo|njteglaüo mhc rtjnh|jt ho gcixaho ma|rjoadch rgtg nglaca}gt hc rtjlh|j mh

ljo|}txllaüo mh ljojlaeaho}j| q mh ~gcjth|/

9/8%%Thcglaüo mh cg ngeacag ljo cg h|lxhcg

Cj| g|rhl}j| thcglajogmj| ljo cg ngeacag aolamho mh xo ejmj ltxlagc ho cg gmgr}glaüo mhc gcxeoj g cg

h|lxhcg q ho }jmg| |x| gl}a~amgmh| h|ljcgth|# g|å ljej ho |x thomaeaho}j h|ljcgt/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cj|

rgmth| rxhmho gqxmgt gc rtjith|j mh |x| fakj| q ljo}tadxat g igtgo}a{gt cg hnalglag mh cg hmxlglaüo njtegc#

rjt cj wxh mhdh ng~jthlht|h }jmj cj rj|adch cg ljcgdjtglaüo ngeacag%h|lxhcg gtda}tgomj cj| ehmaj|

jrjt}xoj| rgtg hccj# q ho rtaolaraj mh|mh mj| mathllajoh| ljercheho}gtag|;

g ∔∔g }tg~á| mh cg grht}xtg mh cj| lho}tj| h|ljcgth|# nglaca}gomj cg ljjrhtglaüo ljo cg

ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g mh cj| giho}h| hv}htoj| wxh mh|gttjccgo xo }tgdgkj mathl}j ljo

cg| eaojtåg| lxc}xtgch|0

d ∔∔ q g }tg~á| mh cg ~a|adaca{glaüo mh cg| eaojtåg| ho hc ljo}hv}j h|ljcgt# ljo lho}tj|

hmxlg}a~j| eç| |ho|adch| h ao}htlxc}xtgch|# mjomh h|}j| itxrj| |h holxho}tho

thrth|ho}gmj| q mjomh |h nglaca}h |x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g }go}j ho cj| rtjlh|j|hmxlg}a~j| ljej ho cg rtjrag ljo~a~holag ho hc lho}tj/

Ljo|amhtgt cg |a}xglaüo ngeacagt q |jlajlxc}xtgc mhc gcxeoj# gqxmgtç gc rtjnh|jt g ljerthomht ehkjt |x

fa|}jtag q lgtgl}htå|}alg| rht|jogch| q |jlagch| g|å ljej g ho}homht ehkjt |x| manalxc}gmh| ho hc çeda}j

ngeacagt wxh th~aht}ho |ao mxmg ho hc çeda}j h|ljcgt/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| rxhmho |ht~at

mh ehlgoa|ej ljerho|gmjt mh |a}xglajoh| go}htajth| mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlajlxc}xtgc/

Rhtj cg thgcamgm mh oxh|}tj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| mhexh|}tg wxh ihohtgceho}h |ücj |h }jeg

ljo}gl}j ljo cg| ngeacag| lxgomj fgq rtjdcheg|# cj wxh ej}a~g wxh cj| rgmth| |h glhtwxho ho

|a}xglaüo mh aomhnho|aüo# ljo }hejt q |ho}aeaho}j mh lxcrg/ Gmheç|# ho hc lg|j mh exlfg| mh cg|ngeacag| ia}gog|# oj fgq gmhlxglaüo ho hc choixgkh oa ho cj| ehlgoa|ej| mh ljexoalglaüo wxh |h

herchgo gc mataiat|h g hccg q }ahomh g mhta~gt |x g}holaüo g cj| \ht~alaj| \jlagch|0 gc ea|ej }aherj# cg




ljexoalglaüo ho}th ngeacag q rtjnh|jtgmj |h fglh manålac q á|}h |h |aho}h ntx|}tgmj rjtwxh cj|

rgmth| oj thljojlho |x cgdjt/

Cg| manhtholag| lxc}xtgch|# |jlajhljoüealg| q hmxlg}a~g| ho}th cg ngeacag q cg h|lxhcg rxhmho cch~gtg |a}xglajoh| mh lfjwxh ho}th gedj| ljo}hv}j|0 lfjwxh wxh# ho exlfj| lg|j|# h| mhdamj g

manhtholag| ho rxo}j| mh ~a|}g q mh x}aca{glaüo mhc choixgkh g|å ljej g cg| ohig}a~g| j h|lg|g|

hvrhtaholag| h|ljcgth| mh cj| rtjraj| rgmth|/ G ~hlh|# aolcx|j# |h rtjmxlh lxgomj cj| rgmth|

lxcrgo gc rtjnh|jt rjt hc dgkj thomaeaho}j mh |x| gcxeoj| q á|}h lxcrg g cj| rgmth| rjt cg|

manhtholag| lxc}xtgch|# hljoüealg| q*j á}oalg| wxh ljo|amhtg lgx|g| mh cj| rtjdcheg| h|ljcgth|/

Hc h|}gdchlht xog thcglaüo mh ljcgdjtglaüo q ljexoalglaüo ncxamg ho}th cj| rgmth| q cg h|lxhcg q

|xrhtgt rj|adch| thcglajoh| mh glx|glajoh| ex}xg|# gqxmgtç g th|jc~ht cj| rtjdcheg| hmxlg}a~j|

mh cj| gcxeoj|/ H| aerjt}go}h ho h|}h |ho}amj h|}aexcgt cg| mhegomg| mh aonjteglaüo mh cj|

rgmth| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q ego}hohtch| aonjtegmj| gc ea|ej }aherj |jdth hc rtjlh|jhmxlg}a~j mh |x| fakj| mh|mh hc rtaolaraj# ej}a~gomj hc gljiaeaho}j aoalagc q |x rgt}alarglaüo ho cg

}jeg mh mhla|ajoh| mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| thch~go}h| rgtg malfj rtjlh|j0 mh h|g egohtg# cj| rgmth|

ljerthomhtço ehkjt cg hmxlglaüo njtegc q |h |ho}atço rgt}h mh hccg# gxeho}gomj |x

th|rjo|gdacamgm# cj wxh ng~jthlhtç wxh rxhmgo ho|h÷gt ehkjt g |x| fakj| g ljerthomht cj|

jdkh}a~j| hmxlg}a~j| q hc lxttålxcxe jlxc}j# q g gmgr}gt|h g hccj| |ao |gltanalgt |x rtjraj mh|gttjccj/

Aonjteh| gdaht}j| wxh rtjrjtlajoho oj}alag| rj|a}a~g|# itg}analgo}h|# thnjt{gt cg| ljomxl}g| mh

glhtlgeaho}j# lthgt cg naixtg mh rgmth*egmth ljjtmaogmjt*g mh gxcg ljo cg nxolaüo mh hcheho}j

|ho|jt mh lüej h|}ç nxolajogomj cg lcg|h# thljiht holxh|}g| rhtaümalg| mh |g}a|ngllaüo mh

ngeacag| ho cg| wxh wxhmh thnchkgmj hc }tg}geaho}j mh cg ma~ht|amgm# rtjej~ht cg gllh|adacamgm mh cg|

ngeacag| g cg ao|rhllaüo oj ohlh|gtageho}h go}h ljoncal}j| itg~h|# mgt g ljojlht cg chia|cglaüo# cj|

thlxt|j| q cj| lgxlh| mh gllh|j g hccj| rgtg wxh cg| ngeacag| rxhmgo mhegomgtcj| mh egohtg

hnhl}a~g# h}l/ rxhmho |ht h|}tg}hiag| gmhlxgmg|/

Ho cg }gthg mh ehkjtgt cg| hvrhl}g}a~g| mh cg ngeacag fglag cg h|lxhcg q |x aercalglaüo ho hccg#

gmheç| mh cg rtjrag h|lxhcg# mhdhtço aercalgt|h }jmj| gwxhccj| giho}h| wxh mh|mh ma|}ao}j|

lgerj| ao}ht~ahoho ljo cg ljexoamgm ia}gog &|ht~alaj| |jlagch|# g|jlaglajoh|# h}l///!/ H|}g }gthg

|htç exlfj eç| hnalg{ ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |h thgcalh ho ljjtmaoglaüo ljo cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| q

ho cg ehmamg ho wxh rgt}alarho gl}a~geho}h eahedtj| mh cg rtjrag ljexoamgm# wxh |at~go mhrxho}h ho}th cg| ma|}ao}g| rgt}h|/ Hva|}h ho cg gl}xgcamgm xo gc}j ljo|ho|j ho thljojlht wxh cj

nxomgeho}gc rgtg cjitgt h|}g ljjtmaoglaüo h| cg gl}a}xm mhc hwxarj mjlho}h/

Hc ljolhr}j mh hmxlglaüo ljej njteglaüo rgtg cg ~amg oj |h lahttg ho hc lho}tj h|ljcgt ljej ûoalj

h|rglaj mh mh|gttjccj0 h| aerth|laomadch wxh ljo}aoûh ljo xog gllaüo eç| gdaht}g g cg {jog mjomh ~a~h hc

gcxeogmj# rgt}ahomj mh cg*cg| lxc}xtg*| q cj| thlxt|j| mhc gedaho}h# mh egohtg wxh |h mh|gttjccho cg|

lgrglamgmh| wxh ch rj|adaca}ho ao}hitgt|h ho xog |jlahmgm ho ljo|}go}h rtjith|j# h|}aexcgomj q

~gcjtgomj hvrhtaholag| q rtjqhl}j| wxh rj}holaho |x mh|gttjccj ao}hitgc# cg egmxtglaüo q cg nxolajogcamgm

mh cj| grthoma{gkh|/ H|}g grht}xtg mh cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|# q rjt ljo|aixaho}h mh |x| hwxarj| mh

rtjnh|ajogch|# g cg| gl}a~amgmh| mh cg ljexoamgm j mhc dgttaj rhtea}atç xo egqjt itgmj mh rgt}alarglaüomhc gcxeogmj q |x| ngeacag|# ao|ht}gomj cg gl}a~amgm hmxlg}a~g ho hc ljo}hv}j |jlajlxc}xtgc ho hc wxh |h

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Dglfacchtg}j| q Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| laht}j itgmj mh g|ho}geaho}j &qg |xrhtg hc 82 (

cj| wxh h|}ço oglajogca{gmj|!# cj lxgc h| |aioj mh laht}g h|}gdacamgm cgdjtgc q |jlagc

wxh ch| rhtea}h g cg| ngeacag| |jrjt}gt hc mh|hedjc|j# rjt hkhercj mh cg ljertg mh

cj| cadtj|# q h|rhtgt gc ehoj| xo rgt mh g÷j| g wxh |x fakj fakg |h holxho}th

njtegmj rgtg aoljtrjtgt|h gc çeda}j cgdjtgc qg wxh# ho h|}h ejeho}j# h| exq

manålac wxh holxho}tho }tgdgkj ljo xog njteglaüo dç|alg/




Cj| gcxeoj| mh rtjlhmholag hv}tgokhtg wxh mhlamho lxt|gt Dglfacchtg}j q Lalcj| mh Itgmj

\xrhtajt }ahoho cg rhlxcagtamgm wxh# |a daho g oa~hc hljoüealj h|}ço ho aixgc |a}xglaüo mh

rthlgtahmgm# |jo ngeacag| wxh mhlamho thoxolagt g cg rhtlhrlaüo mh xo |gcgtaj mxtgo}h gcixoj| g÷j|

eç| g ng~jt mh wxh |x fakj j fakg rxhmg }hoht cg rj|adacamgm mh gclgo{gt xo oa~hc mh njteglaüo wxh chrhtea}g ehkjtgt |x |a}xglaüo hljoüealg q |jlagc ho xo nx}xtj/ \jo ngeacag| dhohnalagtag|

}tgmalajogceho}h mh cg| gqxmg| rtjrag| mhc lho}tj# qg wxh h| ljercalgmj gllhmht g j}tj }arj mh

gqxmg| q |jo gcxeoj| wxh exh|}tgo ao}htá| q wxh# |a daho ho exlfj| lg|j| ch| lxh|}g gciûo g÷j

eç| wxh gc th|}j# |jo ljo|laho}h| mh cg grxh|}g wxh |h fglh q mhc h|nxht{j hljoüealj wxh |xrjoh

rgtg |x| ngeacag| q rgtg hc lho}tj wxh hccj| }hoigo h|}g jrjt}xoamgm/

4%% Lgtgl}htå|}alg| q jtigoa{glaüo mhc Lho}tj

Hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht h| xo lho}tj rta~gmj q ljolht}gmj# rtjrahmgm mh cg Jdtg

\jlagc mh Lgkg Egmtam &Dgoàg! q mataiamj rjt cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ Rgtg h|}g# cg hmxlglaüo mh

}jmj| cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| aercalg lxc}a~gt cg icjdgcamgm mh cg rht|jog# egoanh|}gmg ho |x

maeho|aüo glgmáealg q rtjnh|ajogc# fxegog# lta|}agog q rgtgh|ljcgt/ Gwxå h| aerjt}go}h |h÷gcgt

wxh cg amho}amgm lta|}agog lg}ücalg mhc Lho}tj oj |xrjoh oaoixog rtçl}alg rtj|hca}a|}g oa aerj|alaüo

gcixog# rjt lxgo}j cg Aich|ag lg}ücalg# ho |x }j}gcamgm# h|}ç ccgegmg g njeho}gt q mh|gttjccgt hc

maçcjij q hc th|rh}j ao}htthcaiaj|j ljej hvrth|aüo mh xog dû|wxhmg ljeûo# wxh goamg ho hc

ljtg{üo mh }jmj |ht fxegoj/

Cg jnht}g hmxlg}a~g mhc Lho}tj |h |a}ûg ho Hmxlglaüo \hlxomgtag Jdcaig}jtag &7> xoamgmh|!#

Dglfacchtg}j &72 xoamgmh|! q Njteglaüo Rtjnh|ajogc mh Itgmj Ehmaj q \xrhtajt &72 xoamgmh|!/ G|å

ea|ej |h jnthlho lxt|j| q gl}a~amgmh| oj thicgmg| rgtg ma|}ao}j| ljchl}a~j|/

H|}ç |a}xgmj ho hc Dgttaj mh Cg ^ho}accg# ho hc ma|}ta}j mh ]h}xço# kxo}j g Rcg{g mh Lg|}accg/ Mj| |jo cj|

nhoüehoj| ihjitçnalj| wxh h|}ço ljonaixtgomj hc ljo}hv}j |jlajmhejitçnalj mhc lho}tj; hc

thgcjkgeaho}j q cg cchigmg mh rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h/ Cg egqjtåg mh cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~g

aoljtrjtglaüo ho cj| ûc}aej| lxt|j| ~a~ho ho hc Dgttaj j ho {jog| gmqglho}h| &Dgttaj mhc Racgt#

Nxholgttgc# Lfgegt}åo# ]h}xço! q xo itxrj oj }go oxehtj|j rtjlhmh mh j}tg| {jog| mh Egmtam &\go

Dcg|# Ejolcjg# Lfgedhtå# h}l/!/ Mh glxhtmj ljo cj| mg}j| mh wxh ma|rjoh hc lho}tj# oj hva|}hmanhtholag ho hc h|}g}x| |jlajhljoüealj ngeacagt mh cj| gcxeoj| mhc lho}tj ho nxolaüo mh cg h}grg;

}jmj| cj| oa~hch|# ljej ehmag# |h holxgmtgo mho}tj mhc tgoij ehmaj%dgkj/ Cg fh}htjihohamgm q cg

ma~ht|amgm |jo# g|å# xog lgtgl}htå|}alg mh h|}h Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo/ Ho cj| ûc}aej| g÷j| |h fg

rtjmxlamj xo aoltheho}j mh cj| gcxeoj| mh rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h# mhc gcxeogmj ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh

ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g q mh ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch| rjt cj wxh hc Lho}tj fg rxh|}j ho

egtlfg ehmamg| q rtjqhl}j| jtaho}gmj| g mgt th|rxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| g h|}g oxh~g thgcamgm/

Ho cg gl}xgcamgm# hc Lho}tj njteg g eç| mh 7/2>2 gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rgtg cj lxgc lxho}g ljo 778

herchgmj| q eç| mh 74/222 eh}tj| lxgmtgmj| mh ao|}gcglajoh|/ ]jmj hccj gt}alxcgmj rgtg

rtjrjtlajogt xog dxhog njteglaüo ao}hitgc# jnthlahomj jrjt}xoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| g }jmj| qrjoahomj }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| gc |ht~alaj mh cj| wxh eç| cj ohlh|a}go/ Cg g|ratglaüo mhc Lho}tj mh

Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht h| cchigt g |ht thljojlamj# rjt |x amhgtaj q |x| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g|# ljej



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/424/ / / / / / / / / /

xo lho}tj h~goihca{gmjt q xo thnhtho}h rjt rgt}h mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# mh cg| ngeacag|# mh cg|

herth|g| ljo cg| wxh |h }ahoh xog h|}thlfg thcglaüo q mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/ Rgtg hccj# –oxh|}tg|

gl}xglajoh| |h ~a~ho |jcamgtageho}h ljo cj| eç| mh|ng~jthlamj| q njeho}go cg |jcamgtamgm ho}th

cj| rxhdcj|0 rtgl}algej| hc maçcjij# cg }jchtgolag q hc th|rh}j fglag cj| mheç|# |ahomj |ho|adch| g}jmg njteg mh mh|fxegoa{glaüo0 q oj| h|njt{gej| ho oxh|}tj }tgdgkj ljo ljertjea|j q

th|rjo|gdacamgm# dx|lgomj cg hvlhcholag ljo xog njteglaüo rhtegoho}h q gl}xgca{gmg―/

Hc hwxarj mathl}a~j q cg| ma|}ao}g| Ljea|ajoh| mhc Lho}tj |h dg|go ho hc }tgdgkj ljjtmaogmj mh

laolj hwxarj|; cj| mhrgt}geho}j| mh ngeacag rtjnh|ajogc &Lalcj| Njteg}a~j|!# cj| hwxarj| mjlho}h|

mh mhrgt}geho}j| glgmáealj|# cj| hwxarj| mh }x}jth|# cj| hwxarj| mh njteglaüo lta|}agog q cj|

hwxarj| mh rtjlh|j| mh lgcamgm/ \jo }jmj| h|}j| hwxarj| hmxlg}a~j| cj| wxh fglho rj|adch cg

njteglaüo jdcaig}jtag# rj|}jdcaig}jtag q |xrhtajt &mh cj| Lalcj| Njteg}a~j| mh Itgmj \xrhtajt!# eç|

cj| RLRA q cg njteglaüo rgtg }tgdgkgmjth| q }tgdgkgmjtg| mh|herchgmj|/ Rhtj gmheç| mh }jmg|

h|}g| ho|h÷go{g| thicgmg| q oj thicgmg|# hc Lho}tj mh|gttjccg xo gercaj ljokxo}j mh gllajoh| qrtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| –g÷gmamg|―;

%% Ehmamg| |aoixcgth| rgtg cg g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/

%% G}holaüo h|rhlånalg g gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo ohlh|amgmh| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g/

%% G}holaüo h|rhlånalg g gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|

&lho}tj mh ao}hitglaüo!/

%% Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg/

%% Gercag jnht}g mh eg}htag| jr}g}a~g| ho H\J q Dglfacchtg}j/

%% Ljo~a~holag| h ao}htlgedaj| lxc}xtgch|/

%% Rtjitgeg DHMG; Dacaoixgc Hoica|f Mh~hcjreho} . G||h||eho} &Hoica|f \xeeht

\lfjjc!/

%% Njteglaüo ho Lho}tj| mh ]tgdgkj ho Hxtjrg &^jlg}ajogc ]tgaoaoi ]tg~hc!/

%% \ht~alaj mh jtaho}glaüo glgmáealg q rtjnh|ajogc &Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag|!

%% Djc|g mh Herchj &Jnalaog Hxtjrg!/

%% H|lxhcg mh Ngeacag &G|jlaglaüo mh Egmth| q Rgmth| q mh Go}aixj| Gcxeoj|!/

%% ]tgea}glaüo mh Dhlg| q Gqxmg| hmxlg}a~g|/

%% Dadcaj}hlg q gxcg| exc}aehmag/

%% Gl}a~amgmh| rg|}jtgch| q ~jcxo}gtagmj |jlagc/

%% Gl}a~amgmh| hv}tgh|ljcgth| q Lcxd mh Ejo}g÷g/%% Ljehmjt q Dgt Fjigt/

Naogceho}h# hc lho}tj lxho}g ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh eç| mh 742 jtigoa{glajoh| |jlagch|#

herth|g| h ao|}a}xlajoh|/

Rjt |x aooj~glaüo# |x aerjt}golag nxolajogc q |x lgtçl}ht h|}tg}áialj fhej| mh ma|}aoixat }th| mh

cj| thlxt|j| nxomgeho}gch| ho cj| wxh |h dg|g cg rtçl}alg hmxlg}a~g q hc áva}j mh cg njteglaüo

jnthlamg; hc rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg q hc Lho}tj mh

G}holaüo g cg| ngeacag|/ Eç| gmhcgo}h aolcxathej| xog thnhtholag g cg rgttjwxag ljo cg wxh |h ~aolxcg

hc Lho}tj q cg g|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|# mh g}holaüo g cg| rht|jog| aoeaitgmg| q xdalgmj ho cgea|eg lgcch mhc ljchiaj/




4/7%% Hc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g

Hc jdkh}a~j rtaolargc mh cj| rcgoh| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g h| ljo|hixat wxh cg laxmgmgoåg ho

|x ljokxo}j# gllhmg ho aixgcmgm mh ljomalajoh| gc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j q |h igtgo}alho cg| eç| gc}g|hvrhl}g}a~g| ho nxolaüo mhc mh|gttjccj rj}holagc mh }jmg| |x| lgrglamgmh|# }jmj hccj ~aolxcgmj g

cg| gmgr}glajoh| mh |x| ohlh|amgmh| q rj|adacamgmh|/

\h }tg}g mh rjoht ho egtlfg –gl}xglajoh|― rth~ho}a~g| q ljerho|g}jtag| rgtg g|hixtgt |ao

hvlhrlajoh|# cg h|ljcgta{glaüo q hc grtj~hlfgeaho}j h|ljcgt# gmhlxçomjcg| g cg| ljomalajoh| mh

mh|aixgcmgm wxh rth|ho}g hc gcxeogmj/ Fgdcgej|# rxh|# mh ehmamg| |aoixcgth| rgtg xog

ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g ljerho|g}jtag ljo thlxt|j| fxegoj| q hljoüealj|# ho hc egtlj mh xog

ho|h÷go{g mh lgcamgm wxh igtgo}alh hc mhthlfj g cg ma~ht|amgm# ljo hc nao mh ljo|hixat

ljexoamgmh| hmxlg}a~g| eç| lxgcanalgmg| rgtg ljcgdjtgt ho cg hmxlglaüo mh xog laxmgmgoåg eç|

ltå}alg# eç| kx|}g# eç| aixgca}gtag# eç| mhejltç}alg q ljo gllh|j gc H|}gmj mh Dahoh|}gt \jlagc/

Cg aoljtrjtglaüo g a}aohtgtaj| lxttalxcgth| gc x|j }ahoh wxh g÷gmat hc hcheho}j mh –nchvadacamgm―#gmgr}gomj eh}jmjcjiåg| aooj~gmjtg|# ljej }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# ao}htgl}a~j# h}l/# rgtg |a}xgtoj|

ho hc xedtgc mh cg hwxamgm hmxlg}a~g# ljej rgcgolg mh cg }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc/ ]jmj hccj thwxahth

g|hixtgt cj| thlxt|j| ohlh|gtaj|# manhtholagmj| mh cj| jtmaogtaj|# rgtg }jmj gwxhc gcxeogmj# wxh

rth|ho}h manalxc}gmh| h|rhlånalg| rgtg hc grthoma{gkh# rjt tg{joh| mh hvlcx|aüo |jlagc# rtjlhmholag

mh }htlhtj| rgå|h|# mh|h|}txl}xtglaüo j ma|lgrglamgmh| manhtholagmg|# wxh ~go mh|mh cg oj

h|ljcgta{glaüo fg|}g rhtnach| mh aogmgr}glaüo gc ehmaj ho ihohtgc/

H|}j fg mh |ht xo rg|j aerjt}go}h rgtg cg ao|htlaüo |jlagc# }go}j ho cg h}grg h|ljcgt ljej ho cg ~amg

gmxc}g/ Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g# cg hmxlglaüo oj caea}g |x| h|nxht{j| g cg –ao}hitglaüo h|ljcgt―# |aoj

wxh jtaho}g }jmj |x h|nxht{j fglag cg| j}tg| aolcx|ajoh|# ljej cg ao|htlaüo ngeacagt# cg |jlagc# cg

hljoüealg# rjtwxh |h }tg}g mh ljo|hixat cg aoljtrjtglaüo |jlagc rchog/ Ho h|}h |ho}amj# cg h|lxhcg

rjlj rxhmh fglht |a oj h|}ç rchogeho}h ao|ht}g ho cg ljexoamgm g cg wxh rht}hohlh/ Grj|}gej|#

rxh|# rjt xo ejmhcj mh h|lxhcg gdaht}g g cg ljexoamgm ho cg wxh h|}ç ao|ht}g q ljo ljohvaüo ljo

rtjitgeg| q |ht~alaj| mhmalgmj| gc gcxeogmj ljo rtjdcheç}alg mh hvlcx|aüo# g|å ljej gc th|}j mhc

gcxeogmj wxh mhdh thladat xog ho|h÷go{g mh lgcamgm# q g cj| ngeacagth| mh }jmj| q }jmg| rgtg wxh

holxho}tho ho h|}g h|lxhcg ljexoa}gtag xo cxigt mh njteglaüo q holxho}tj/

Ho mhnaoa}a~g# |h }tg}g mh ljo|hixat cg egqjt ljfhtholag rj|adch ho}th cj| ~gcjth| wxh |j|}ahoh cg

rtj}hllaüo hmxlg}a~g mh cj| ehojth| ljo rtjdcheg| |jlajngeacagth| q cg| rtçl}alg| hmxlg}a~g| mh

}jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg| ho cg hmxlglaüo |jlagc# ngeacagt q mhc gcxeogmj/

Rjt }go}j# h| cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g wxaho }ahoh wxh g|xeat |x th|rjo|gdacamgm hmxlgmjtg qthnchvajogt |jdth cg njteg mh }tgo|njtegtcg ho gllaüo hmxlg}a~g# ljo}gomj ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mh

giho}h| hv}htoj| g cg h|lxhcg# |jdth }jmj# mh rtjnh|ajogch| q g|jlaglajoh| ljertjeh}amg| ljo hc

}heg/ H|}j hvaih thnchvajogt |jdth cj| rcgo}hgeaho}j| rhmgiüialj|# }hjta{gt |jdth cg rtçl}alg q

|a|}heg}a{gt hc }tgdgkj ho hwxarj# gmgr}gt h ao}hitgt cj| ljo}hoamj| rtjrxh|}j| gc rtjraj ehmaj

h|ljcgt# h| mhlat# –thljo|}txat cg lxc}xtg mh cg h|lxhcg/―

H|}h Rcgo h| aerth|laomadch rjt cg ohlh|amgm mh xog rjcå}alg ljfhtho}h wxh ao}hith }jmj| cj|

h|nxht{j| ljo xo jdkh}a~j ljeûo; ljo|hixat cg ao|htlaüo |jlagc q hmxlg}a~g mh }jmj| cj| aoma~amxj|

mho}tj mhc th|rh}j mh cj| mhthlfj| fxegoj|0 rjtwxh rth}homhej| |ht xo ejmhcj hmxlg}a~j mh

lho}tj gdaht}j g cg ljexoamgm q rchogeho}h ao}hitgmj ho hccg/ Rgtg hccj# |jo ohlh|gtag| }jmg xog

|htah mh ehmamg| icjdgch| h ao}hitgch| mh g}holaüo gc gcxeogmj q g cg| ngeacag| ho hc egtlj mh xogao}ht~holaüo |jlajhmxlg}a~g wxh má |ho}amj q rj}holah gl}xglajoh| ao}hitgch| mh hmxlglaüo h

ao|htlaüo0 oxh~j| lgxlh| q ~åg| mh ljcgdjtglaüo q }tgdgkj ljo j}tg| jtigoa{glajoh| q g|jlaglajoh|




mhc dgttaj0 cg hcgdjtglaüo mh xo Rtjqhl}j ljeûo# thgca{gmj mh|mh cj| rtjraj| lho}tj| q ljo}gomj ho

}jmj ejeho}j ljo cg| g|jlaglajoh| q wxh cg gmeaoa|}tglaüo rxhmh rj}holagt q gc lxgc rxhmg

|xegt|h0 q gdtat hc lgerj mh jrlajoh| njteg}a~g| q mh g}holaüo g cj| oxehtj|j| ntho}h| gdaht}j|

ho {jog| ljej cg oxh|}tg/

Cj| mh|}aog}gtaj| mhc Rcgo mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g |jo gwxhccj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| wxh

rth|ho}ho mh|~ho}gkg| |jlajhmxlg}a~g|# h| mhlat# gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh }hoigo xog |a}xglaüo

mh|ng~jthlamg rgtg |x gllh|j# rhtegoholag q rtjejlaüo ho hc |a|}heg hmxlg}a~j/ H|}j| gcxeoj| q

gcxeog| |jo gwxhccj| wxh# rjt tg{joh| |jlagch| j ngeacagth| mh|ng~jthlamg|# oj rxhmho |hixat xo

rtjlh|j ojtegca{gmj mh h|ljcgta{glaüo0 gwxhccj| lxqg| ngeacag| }ahoho h|rhlagch| manalxc}gmh| mh

ao|htlaüo |jlagc q cgdjtgc0 gwxhccj| wxh# rjt mhla|ajoh| kxmalagch| j tg{joh| mh |gcxm# ohlh|a}ho

g}holaüo hmxlg}a~g nxhtg mh cg| ao|}a}xlajoh| h|ljcgth|0 q gwxhccj| wxh# rjt lxgcwxaht j}tg

latlxo|}golag# |h holxho}tho ho |a}xglaüo mh|ng~jthlamg |aeacgt/

Mho}tj mhc gcxeogmj mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g mhnaoaej| laolj }arjcjiåg|;

%% ]ARJ G; gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt rht}hohlaho}h g

eaojtåg| á}oalg| j lxc}xtgch| oj aoeaitgo}h ho |a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc/

%% ]ARJ D; gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljo manalxc}gmh| mhta~gmg| ûoalgeho}h mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j

mhc lg|}hccgoj/

%% ]ARJ L; gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt q manalxc}gmh| mh

ao}hitglaüo ho hc itxrj jtmaogtaj rjt |x rht}hoholag g xog eaojtåg á}oalg j lxc}xtgc ho

|a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc/

%% ]ARJ M; gcxeogmj aoeaitgo}h ljo manalxc}gmh| mhta~gmg| mhc mh|ljojlaeaho}j mhc

lg|}hccgoj q mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt/

%% ]ARJ H; Gcxeogmj wxh rth|ho}g mj| j eç| g÷j| mh mh|ng|h lxttalxcgt q*j h|}á ho

|a}xglaüo mh mh|~ho}gkg |jlagc q*j rth|ho}h tah|ij mh gdgomjoj rtheg}xtj mhc |a|}heg

hmxlg}a~j/

Hc rtjlhmaeaho}j rgtg cg mh}hteaoglaüo mh cg| ohlh|amgmh| mhc gcxeogmj<9 h| hc |aixaho}h;

Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~j aoith|j ho 7» H\J |h |aixho cj| |aixaho}h| rg|j|;

%% Ho hc eh| mh egqj# |h ego}ahoh xog thxoaüo ljo cj| }x}jth| mh >» HR q cj| rtjnh|jth| mh

rhmgijiåg }htgráx}alg mh cj| Lho}tj| gm|lta}j| ljo hc nao mh thxoat aonjteglaüo |jdth cj|

gcxeoj| |x|lhr}adch| mh h|}g| ehmamg| q mh cj }tgdgkgmj ljo hccj| fg|}g hc ejeho}j/

%% Ho hc eh| mh |hr}ahedth# q |hiûo ~go cchigomj cj| cadtj| mh h|ljcgtamgm q cj|

hvrhmaho}h| glgmáealj| g |hlth}gtåg# th~a|gej| cj| mh }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| oxh~j| wxh

oj rht}hohlho g lho}tj| gm|lta}j| ljo hc nao mh mh}hl}gt g gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh rjmtågo

ohlh|a}gt h|}g| ehmamg|/

%% Mxtgo}h hc eh| mh |hr}ahedth# gmheç|# |h thgca{g cg h~gcxglaüo aoalagc ho }jmg| cg| çthg|#

cj wxh oj| rhtea}h amho}analgt cg| manalxc}gmh| mh cj| gcxeoj|/

<9 Gmheç| mh cg| aomalglajoh| rtjrxh|}g| ho cg Th|jcxlaüo mh 47 mh Kxcaj mh 422>/




%% Rgtg gkx|}gt gûo eç| h|}g mh}hteaoglaüo mh ohlh|amgmh|# g gwxhccj| gcxeoj| wxh |h fg

mh}hl}gmj ljej rj|adch| gcxeoj| mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# |h ch| thgca{g xog

h~gcxglaüo mh cg ljerh}holag lxttalxcgt/

%% Ljo h|}j| mg}j|# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhlamh cg| ehmamg| mh g}holaüo wxh ~go g thladatcj| gcxeoj|/

%% Rjt ûc}aej# daho g }tg~á| mhc }x}jt# mhc jtaho}gmjt j mhc }tgdgkgmjt |jlagc# |h ljonateg h|}g

aonjteglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|# g cg| lxgch| |h ch| aonjteg mh cg| ehmamg| wxh ~gej| g

rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo mh cj| gcxeoj|/

Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mhc th|}j mh lxt|j| mh |hlxomgtag;

%% Ho cg h~gcxglaüo naogc mh |hr}ahedth q ho cg aoalagc# |h mhnaoho cj| gcxeoj| wxh rxhmho

amho}analgt|h ljej gcxeogmj mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g/

%% Rgtg cj| gcxeoj| mh oxh~j aoith|j# |h thgca{g xog h~gcxglaüo mh cg ljerh}holaglxttalxcgt ho çthg| lxttalxcgth| dç|alg| g|å ljej xog ho}th~a|}g aoalagc ho cg wxh |h

thljih }jmg cg aonjteglaüo wxh rxhmg |ht thch~go}h rgtg cg mh}hteaoglaüo mh |x|

ohlh|amgmh|/

%% Ljo h|}j| mg}j|# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhlamh cg| ehmamg| mh g}holaüo wxh ~go g thladat

cj| gcxeoj|/

%% Rjt ûc}aej# daho g }tg~á| mhc }x}jt# mhc jtaho}gmjt j mhc }tgdgkgmjt |jlagc# |h ljonateg h|}g

aonjteglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|# g cg| lxgch| |h ch| aonjteg mh cg| ehmamg| wxh ~gej| g

rjoht g ma|rj|alaüo mh cj| gcxeoj|/

4/4%% Cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| exc}a}gthg

Hc rtjqhl}j hmxlg}a~j mh cg| –Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| Exc}a}gthg― |xtih g rgt}at mh cg thnchvaüo |jdth cg

ljerchkamgm mh g}homht g cg ma~ht|amgm mh cj| gcxeoj|0 mh cg aowxah}xm mh cj| rtjnh|jth| go}h cj| th}j|

hmxlg}a~j| wxh |h rcgo}hgo0 q mh cg| manalxc}gmh| rtjrag| mh cg }tgo|alaüo ho}th Rtaegtag q \hlxomgtag/

\h rth|ho}g# g|å# ljej xog rtjrxh|}g eh}jmjcüialg ma|}ao}g wxh |h grjqh ho cj| rtaolaraj| mh cg

h|lxhcg aolcx|a~g }tg}gomj mh ng~jthlht cj| mj| hcheho}j| wxh |h thljiho ho |x rtjrag mhojeaoglaüo;

hc grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j q cg rj|adacamgm mh thgca{gt ma|}ao}g| }gthg| ho hc gxcg/

Cj| jdkh}a~j| nxomgeho}gch| wxh goaegtjo cg rxh|}g ho egtlfg mh h|}g aoalag}a~g nxhtjo;

Mgt th|rxh|}g g cg hch~gmg fh}htjihohamgm mhc gcxeogmj;

Hc lho}tj oj lxho}g ljo xoamgmh| mh Hmxlglaüo Rtaegtag/ H|}h ngl}jt# xoamj gc aoltheho}j mh cg rjdcglaüo

aoeaitgo}h q g cg thlhrlaüo lgmg ~h{ eç| nthlxho}h mh gcxeoj| ljo ohlh|amgmh| hmxlg}a~g| h|rhlagch|

j mh ljerho|glaüo hmxlg}a~g# fgo aomxlamj cg thnchvaüo |jdth eá}jmj| mh jtigoa{glaüo q grthoma{gkh

eç| nchvadch|# lgrglh| mh ljo~ht}at cg ma~ht|amgm ho xo hotawxhlaeaho}j ex}xj/

Ehkjtgt cg G}holaüo g cg Ma~ht|amgm;

\h lxho}g ljo ehmamg| mh g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm ho 7»# 4» <» q =» mh cg H\J; ma~ht|analglaüo lxttalxcgt

q itxrj| mh thnxht{j q grjqj# ho }jmj| cj| lxt|j| mh \hlxomgtag/ H|}g |jcxlaüo ûc}aegeho}h h|}ç|ahomj rhtladamg rjt exlfj| mh cj| rtjnh|jth| ljej hvlcxqho}h# qg wxh |glg gc gcxeoj mh |x itxrj

jtmaogtaj q oj rjlg| ~hlh| rtj~jlg ljo|hlxholag| hejlajogch| wxh manalxc}go hc grthoma{gkh wxh |h




wxahth ljo|hixat/ Ljo h|}h rtjqhl}j dx|lgej| grjqgtch| ho |x grthoma{gkh dx|lgomj xog egqjt

ao}hitglaüo mh h|}j| gcxeoj| ho hc gxcg mh|mh xog rtjrxh|}g eç| aolcx|a~g/

Mj}gt gc h|}xmago}h mh thlxt|j| mamçl}alj| q }hlojcüialj| rtjraj| mho}tj mh |x gxcg mh }tgdgkj;Xoj mh cj| g|rhl}j| eç| ccgeg}a~j| mh cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| h| wxh hc gcxeoj amho}analg hc gxcg

ljej xo h|rglaj mh }tgdgkj rtjraj wxh ch rtjrjtlajog |hixtamgm/ Cg ljonaixtglaüo mhc gxcg h|

manhtho}h g cg| jtmaogtag| q rho|gmg rgtg ng~jthlht xo lcaeg gljihmjt/ Hc gxcg ljjrhtg}a~g ma|rjoh

mh jtmhogmjth|# rtjqhl}jt# ra{gttg| q xog dadcaj}hlg wxh aolcxqh cadtj| mh ljo|xc}g wxh cj|

rtjnh|jth| ljo|amhtgo aerjt}go}h }hoht ho hc gxcg rgtg cg gercaglaüo mh cg njteglaüo/ Fgq wxh

ljo|amhtgt gmheç|# wxh gcixoj| gcxeoj| }ahoho itgomh| manalxc}gmh| rgtg gmwxatat eç| cadtj| mh

}hv}j wxh cj| wxh ohlh|gtageho}h mhdho }hoht/

Ehkjtgt hc |hixaeaho}j mhc }tgdgkj mhc gcxeoj;

Ehojt oûehtj mh rtjnh|jth| mxtgo}h eç| }aherj/ Ljo h|}j |h ljo|aixh xo ehkjt |hixaeaho}j mhcgcxeoj q }hoht xo hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ehoj| oxehtj|j q rjt }go}j# ehkjt ljjtmaogmj/

Gxeho}gt hc }aherj mh ao}htgllaüo }x}jt gcxeoj|;

Hc }x}jt rg|g exlfg| fjtg| ljo |x itxrj# eç| gccç mh cg fjtg mh }x}jtåg j mh cg g|aiog}xtg wxh

aergt}h# cj wxh h|}thlfg cg thcglaüo rht|jogc/

Aoltheho}gt cj| grthoma{gkh| |aioanalg}a~j| mh cj| gcxeoj| q cg ljohvaüo ho}th grthoma{gkh|;

Ho cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g| |h }tgdgkg rjt çeda}j| ho ~h{ mh rjt eg}htag| j g|aiog}xtg|/ \h ao}ho}g

icjdgca{gt hc grthoma{gkh/ G rgt}at mh gfjtg oj| thnhtathej| g mj| çeda}j|; –çeda}j |jlaj%

caoióå|}alj― q –çeda}j laho}ånalj%}hlojcüialj―/ Gc ao}hitgt|h cg| g|aiog}xtg|# |h gxeho}g cg thcglaüo

mh cj| ljojlaeaho}j|/

Rtjej~ht xo grthoma{gkh eç| gl}a~j mhc gcxeoj;

Cg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| eg}htag| ho –çeda}j|― jdcaig gc gcxeoj g thgca{gt xo h|nxht{j thnchva~j

ljo}aoxj mh ao}hitglaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j rtjej~ahomj xog gl}a}xm gl}a~g ho |x gmwxa|alaüo/ Hc

gcxeoj grthomh wxh hc hkhtlalaj mh thcglajogt aonjteglaüo h| h|holagc ho hc rtjlh|j mh grthoma{gkh/

Mh|gttjccgt cg ljerh}holag maia}gc q mh }tg}geaho}j mh cg aonjteglaüo mhc gcxeoj;

Cj| jtmhogmjth| h|}ço mho}tj mhc gxcg ho cg wxh }tgdgkgo |aherth/ H|}j fglh wxh |h ljo~aht}go hoxo thlxt|j gllh|adch rgtg hc gcxeoj q rgtg hc rtjnh|jt |h ljo~aht}h ho xo ao|}txeho}j mh }tgdgkj q

gmwxa|alaüo mh aonjteglaüo/

Ng~jthlht hc grthoma{gkh mh ljerh}holag|;

Ho}homhej| rjt ljerh}holag| cg lgrglamgm mh x}aca{gt cj| ljojlaeaho}j| q fgdacamgmh|# mh

egohtg }tgo|~ht|gc h ao}htgl}a~g# ho ljo}hv}j| q |a}xglajoh| wxh thwxahtho cg ao}ht~holaüo mh

ljojlaeaho}j| ~aolxcgmj| g manhtho}h| |gdhth|# cj lxgc aercalg cg ljertho|aüo# cg thnchvaüo q hc

ma|lhtoaeaho}j# }hoahomj ho lxho}g cg maeho|aüo |jlagc mh lgmg |a}xglaüo/ Cg eh}jmjcjiåg q cg

ao}htma|larcaogtahmgm ho hc gxcg ljcgdjtgo ho wxh cg| gl}a~amgmh| glgmáealg| q h|ljcgth| |hgo eç|

rgthlamg| g cg| mhc exomj oj h|ljcgt# ma|eaoxqhomj cg ma|}golag ho}th cg h|lxhcg q cg |jlahmgm/




Ihohtgt gl}a}xmh| mh gqxmg# h|lxlfg# }jchtgolag q ihohtj|amgm ;

Cg eh}jmjcjiåg ljjrhtg}a~g rhtea}h wxh |h mh|gttjccho ho cj| gcxeoj| gl}a}xmh| ng~jtgdch| rgtg hc

áva}j }go}j ho cj glgmáealj ljej ho cj rht|jogc; h|lxlfg# h|nxht{j# mhnhomht cj| lta}htaj| rtjraj|#

mgt gqxmg q*j rh}alaüo mh gqxmg# ihohtj|amgm# fxeacmgm# }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| ljo|ho|xgmg#th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|# h}l/

Cg hvrhtaholag ljeho{ü ho hc lxt|j 422<*2= q |h aoalaü ho MJ\ |hllajoh| mh cg| LXG]TJ mh 7» mh

H/\/J// Mh|rxá| mh cg| jrjt}xog| h~gcxglajoh| |h mhlamaü gercagt g }jmj 7» q g|å |aixaü fg|}g hc

lxt|j 422>*29 wxh |h hv}homaü cg hvrhtaholag g 4»/ Ho cg gl}xgcamgm }jmj| cj| gcxeoj| mh 7» q 4»

rgt}alargo ho h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg/

Cg| gxcg| gitxrgo mj| |hllajoh| rgtg grtj~hlfgt cj| thlxt|j| mhc Lho}tj; rtjnh|jth|# jtmhogmjth|#

rht|jogc mh jtaho}glaüo# h}l/ Lgmg xog mh cg| gxcg| h|}ç njtegmg rjt xoj| 82 gcxeoj|/ Hc g|rhl}j mhc gxcg

h| exq manhtho}h gc fgda}xgc; h| xo gxcg gdaht}g |ao dgtthtg| ao}htajth|# wxh rhtea}h eûc}arch|gitxrgeaho}j|/ Hva|}ho h|rglaj| exc}a}gthg rgtg ljedaogt manhtho}h| eh}jmjcjiåg|; hvrcalglaüo mhc

rtjnh|jt# }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc# }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# jtaho}glaüo q }x}jtåg aoma~amxgca{gmg q dadcaj}hlg ho hc gxcg/

H|}g ma|}tadxlaüo nglaca}g cg ljexoalglaüo ho}th rtjnh|jth| q gcxeoj|# q mhc itxrj mh gcxeoj| ho}th |å/

Hva|}h xo mh|rglfj glta|}gcgmj ao}hitgmj ho hc gxcg# mjomh cj| gcxeoj| rxhmho glxmat ljej lho}tj

mh thlxt|j| q rgtg cg g}holaüo aoma~amxgca{gmg mh cg| manalxc}gmh| mh grthoma{gkh j mh lxgcwxaht j}tg

åomjch# q xog |gcg &ljo xog rxht}g ljtthmhtg rgtg lhttgtcg |a h| ohlh|gtaj! wxh rhtea}h }hoht itxrj|

rhwxh÷j| rgtg }tgdgkj| mh thlxrhtglaüo j gercaglaüo/ ]gedaáo njteg rgt}h mh h|}h h|rglaj xog

{jog mh jtmhogmjth| mjomh |h ma|}tadxqho 76 hwxarj| ljo ljohvaüo rhtegoho}h g Ao}htoh} rgtg hc

}tgdgkj aoma~amxgc j ljo|xc}g| mh cj| gcxeoj|/ \h ma|rjoh gmheç| mh xog dxhog mj}glaüo rgtg hc x|j

mh cg| }hlojcjiåg| ho hc gxcg mh lcg|h &lg÷üo }tgo|rgtholag|# M^M# ra{gttg maia}gc!/

Mh|mh hc rxo}j mh ~a|}g mh cg jtmhoglaüo mh cg| ho|h÷go{g|# hc gxcg ljjrhtg}a~g h|}ç jtigoa{gmg

rjt –çeda}j| mh ho|h÷go{g q grthoma{gkh―# h|}txl}xtgmj| hc rtaehtj mh hccj| ljej –Çeda}j \jlaj%

Caoióå|}alj―# wxh ao}hitg cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Choixg# Aoicá| q \jlagch| q xo –Çeda}j Laho}ånalj

]hlojcüialj― wxh ljerthomh cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Eg}heç}alg|# Laholag| Og}xtgch| q ]hlojcjiåg/

Rgtg aergt}at cj| çeda}j|# |aherth fgq gc ehoj| }th| rtjnh|jth| |aexc}çohgeho}h ho hc gxcg/

Gxowxh |ücj cj| çeda}j| \jlaj%Caoióå|}alj q Laho}ånalj%]hlojcüialj }tgdgkgo ljo eh}jmjcjiåg mhgrthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j# cg| mheç| çthg| lxttalxcgth| &Rcç|}alg# Hmxlglaüo Nå|alg# Eû|alg# Thcaiaüo

q Ntgolá|! fgo amj aoljtrjtgomj rjlj g rjlj gl}a~amgmh| wxh rj}holago }gedaáo hc }tgdgkj

ljjrhtg}a~j q grtj~hlfgomj cj| thlxt|j| mhc gxcg/

Cg h~gcxglaüo# wxh h| ljo}aoxg h aoma~amxgca{gmg# |h thgca{g rjt g|aiog}xtg| gxowxh |h hotawxhlh

rjt cg| eûc}arch| gl}a~amgmh| wxh |h thgca{go ho cj| çeda}j|/ Cg oj}g mh lgmg g|aiog}xtg cg mhlamh hc

rtjnh|jt h|rhlagca|}g ljo cg ljcgdjtglaüo mhc th|}j mh rtjnh|jth| mhc çeda}j/

Ho lxgo}j g cg jtigoa{glaüo mhc fjtgtaj# |h rtjlxtg wxh cg| fjtg| mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| mh Rcç|}alg#

Eû|alg# Hm/ Nå|alg# Thcaiaüo q Ntgolá| |h thrgt}go gc ljeaho{j# gc naogc mh cg eg÷gog j rjt cg }gtmh0mh egohtg wxh |h ma|rjoig mh xo h|rglaj }herjtgc mh = fjtg| ljo}aoxgmg| rgtg hc }tgdgkj ho cj|

çeda}j|/ Cg |aixaho}h }gdcg thljih xo hkhercj mh jtigoa{glaüo |hegogc;




Cg| fjtg| |hegogch| mhmalgmg| g lgmg çeda}j th|rh}go h|ltxrxcj|geho}h cg |xeg mh cglgtig fjtgtag g|aiogmg ho hc lxttålxcj jnalagc g cg| ma|}ao}g| çthg|/

Ho h|}h rtjqhl}j# hc rgrhc mhc rtjnh|jt |h lho}tg ho nglaca}gt cg| lcg~h| rgtg hc mh|gttjccj rht|jogc#

rth|ho}gt xo gercaj thrht}jtaj mh h|}tg}hiag| mh grthoma{gkh q mh }áloalg| mh h|}xmaj/

\h fgo }hoamj ho lxho}g exlfg| latlxo|}golag| rgtg njtegt cj| hwxarj| mh rtjnh|jth| q }x}jth|#

rjt hkhercj# }a}xcglaüo# h|rhlagca{glaüo# ljerh}holag| }hlojcüialg| q rht|jogch|# h}l/ Naogceho}h

|h fgo ljonaixtgmj hwxarj| rcxtgch| mh cj| wxh njtego rgt}h gcixoj| rtjnh|jth| ljo xog macg}gmg

hvrhtaholag mjlho}h q exlfj| g÷j| ho hc lho}tj# j}tj| eç| kü~hoh| q mh thcg}a~g thlaho}h

aoljtrjtglaüo# khnh| mh mhrgt}geho}j# }x}jth|# h}l/

Cj| rtjnh|jth| wxh rgt}alargo ho cg hvrhtaholag fgo }hoamj wxh |xrhtgt dgtthtg|# grthomht

ljerh}holag| rht|jogch| q rtjnh|ajogch|# thladat njteglaüo# ho mhnaoa}a~g# gl}xgca{gt|h rgtg h|}h

oxh~j th}j q ejmanalgt |x tjc ho hc gxcg/

Ho lxgo}j g cg eh}jmjcjiåg mh ho|h÷go{g%grthoma{gkh q g cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| grcalgmj|

ho cg| gxcg| ljjrhtg}a~g|# fg mh |h÷gcgt|h cg aerjt}golag mh cg rhmgijiåg aioglagog# hc grthoma{gkh

ljjrhtg}a~j# hc grthoma{gkh dg|gmj ho rtjdcheg|# hc x|j mh cg| ]AL# cg ma|rjoadacamgm mh

ehmag}hlg|# q cg rtçl}alg mh cg gllaüo rhmgiüialg exc}a}gthg/

Rgtgmaieg rhmgiüialj aioglagoj;Xoj mh cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| |jdth cj| wxh |h }tgdgkg |h dg|g ho hc

rgtgmaieg |aoixcgt ho cj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ \h rth}homh wxh g

}tg~á| mhc grthoma{gkh |h ~gqgo mh|gttjccgomj fgdacamgmh| eç| ljerchkg|

&ljertho|aüo# grcalglaüo# goçca|a|# |åo}h|a| q h~gcxglaüo!# wxh ljo}tadxqgo g mgt

|aioanalgmj q |ho}amj g cj h|}xmagmj# ng~jthlahomj cg }tgo|nhtholag mh cj|

grthoma{gkh| g cg| |a}xglajoh| lj}amagog|/

Grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j/

Hcgdjtglaüo mh h|}tg}hiag| wxh aercalgo cg ljcgdjtglaüo ao}htrht|jogc ho hc

cjitj mhc áva}j mh cg }gthg/ Ljo h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg cj| gcxeoj| grthomho xoj|mh j}tj|# jtigoa{go |x }tgdgkj mh egohtg eç| hnalg{# |h mh|gttjccgo fgdacamgmh|

ao}htrht|jogch| q |h rj}holago lgrglamgmh| ao}hchl}xgch|/

ljo}hv}j

hvrhtaholag

thnchvaüo

gllaüo




Grthoma{gkh dg|gmj ho rtjdcheg|/

Eh}jmjcjiåg mamçl}alg rjt mh|lxdtaeaho}j ixagmj# ehmago}h cg lxgc cj| gcxeoj| ljo|}txqho |x

ljojlaeaho}j |jdth cg dg|h mh rtjdcheg| mh cg ~amg thgc/ Ho h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg |h rth|ho}g hc

rtjdcheg# mh|rxá| |h amho}analgo cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh grthoma{gkh# |h dx|lg cg aonjteglaüoohlh|gtag q naogceho}h |h thith|g gc rtjdcheg rgtg |jcxlajogtcj/

X|j mh ]AL/

Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg| ]AL ho hc gxcg rhtea}h;

%% Dû|wxhmg mh aonjteglaüo q hvrcjtglaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j/

%% Ljo|}txllaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &farhtehmag!/

%% Jtigoa{glaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &dg|h| mh mg}j|!/

%% Thrth|ho}glaüo mhc ljojlaeaho}j &egrg| ljolhr}xgch|# |a|}heg| hvrht}j| q

ealtjexomj!

%% Ljo|}txllaüo |jlagc mhc ljojlaeaho}j &lfg}|# egac# njtj|# dcji///!

Ehmag}hlg|/

Mho}tj mhc gxcg |h ljoladh xo h|rglaj mh|}aogmj g cg thljracglaüo mh thlxt|j| gxmaj~a|xgch| &m~m#

lm%t# cadtj| mh }hv}j# gxmaj lm# ///! wxh rhtea}go gc gcxeoj hc gllh|j g ma|}ao}g| nxho}h| mh

aonjteglaüo rgtg hotawxhlht |x| grthoma{gkh|/

Exc}a}gthg/

]tgdgkj Ljjrhtg}a~j Dg|g%

mj ho Rtjqhl}j|

]tgdgkj ho Hwxarj ljo

Cjitj Aoma~amxgc

Hvrj|alajoh| ljo Eg}htagc

Exc}aehmag

]tgdgkj Exc}aehmag

Ljolxt|j| q Kxhij| rjtHwxarj|

Rtjqhl}j| wxh rjoho ho thcglaüo cj| ljo}hoamj| h|}xmagmj| ljo |a}xglajoh| mh cg

~amg lj}amagog/ Nxomgeho}gceho}h# mh mj| }arj|;

% Xo ea|ej rtjqhl}j }jmj| cj| itxrj|/

% Xo rtjqhl}j rjt gxcg/ Lgmg itxrj }ahoh g|aiogmg xog rgt}h/

Ho gedj| lg|j|# hc rtjnh|jt hvrcalg cg| lcg~h| mhc rtjqhl}j q ma|}tadxqh g lgmg

itxrj cg }gthg h|rhlånalg wxh fg mh mh|herh÷gt/ ]tg| cg hkhlxlaüo mhc rtjqhl}j#

|h jtigoa{g cg rth|ho}glaüo mh cg ehejtag q cg hvrj|alaüo ho lcg|h mhc th|xc}gmj0

rjt ûc}aej# |h rtjlhmh g cg h~gcxglaüo/

Hc rtjnh|jt hvrjoh gc itxrj cg }gthg wxh fgq wxh thgca{gt/ Hc itxrj mhdh g|hixtgt|h

mh wxh }jmj| |x| ljerjoho}h| grthomgo q |h rthrgtgtho rgtg th|jc~ht xog|

lxh|}ajoh| aoma~amxgceho}h/Ho gcixog| jlg|ajoh| hc rtjnh|jt lthh ljo~hoaho}h fglht xog hvrj|alaüo mh ljo%

}hoamj| ljo xo |jrjt}h aonjteç}alj/ Fgq wxh mh|}glgt cg mhmalglaüo q hc }aherj

wxh mhdho herchgt cj| rtjnh|jth| ho cg thgca{glaüo mh h|}j| thlxt|j| mamçl}alj|/

Cj| eg}htagch| mh }tgdgkj aolcxqho mathllajoh| mh rçiaog| ho Ao}htoh} g cg| wxh

cj| gcxeoj| }ahoho wxh gllhmht rgtg fglht cg }gthg holjehomgmg# gl}a~amgmh|

rgtg ho~agt g xog mathllaüo mh ljtthj hchl}tüoalj mhc gxcg q |jo th~a|gmg| rjt |x|

rtjnh|jth|/ \h x}aca{go }gedaáo thlxt|j| exc}aehmag ljej YhdWxh|} q Lcal q rgtg

hc grthoma{gkh mhc amajeg hv}tgokhtj |h herchg xo rgwxh}h aonjteç}alj wxh

thwxahth hc x|j mh gxtalxcgth| ljohl}gmj| gc jtmhogmjt/

H| j}tj eá}jmj herchgmj ho hc gxcg wxh ch| th|xc}g gc}geho}h ej}a~gmjt/ Rjtitxrj|# hcgdjtgo rthixo}g| rgtg j}tj| itxrj| wxh }homtço wxh ljo}h|}gt/ Hc

rtheaj mh h|}h ljolxt|j j kxhij oxolg h| eg}htagc




Hc rtjqhl}j mh Gxcg| Ljjrhtg}a~g| Exc}a}gthg# |h ljerch}g ljo hc ma|h÷j mh eg}htagch| mh }tgdgkj

manhtho}h| wxh rhtea}ho }tgdgkgt ljo cj| gcxeoj| cj| rtaolaraj| eh}jmjcüialj| go}htajteho}h

hoxolagmj|# gljtmh| ljo hc lxttålxcj q cg| rtjitgeglajoh| mamçl}alg| ljtth|rjomaho}h|/

H|}h grgt}gmj h| xog mh cg| lcg~h| rgtg ho}homht &q cch~gt g lgdj! h|}h rtjqhl}j/ Cg jtigoa{glaüo

mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| ho çeda}j|# hc }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j# hc herchj mh cg| ]AL# h}l/# thwxahtho xoj|

eg}htagch| mamçl}alj| grtjragmj| q gmgr}gmj| g h|}g eh}jmjcjiåg/

Cj| ljo}hoamj| mh cg| g|aiog}xtg| wxh ao}hitgo cj| çeda}j|# |h mh|gttjccgo g rgt}at mh Xoamgmh| mh

Grthoma{gkh# mh }gc egohtg wxh ho }jtoj g xo ea|ej dcjwxh }heç}alj |h ao}hitgo cj| ljojlaeaho}j|

mh cg| ma|}ao}g| g|aiog}xtg|/ H|}g| xoamgmh| mh grthoma{gkh# mh|gttjccgmg| rjt hc rtjnh|jtgmj#

h|}ço ma|h÷gmg| ho njteg mh Lxgmhtoj mh Grthoma{gkh ljo hc wxh |h rth}homh;

%% Jtaho}gt hc }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc mhc gcxeoj/

%% Ng~jthlht hc }tgdgkj ljjrhtg}a~j

%% Th|rjo|gdaca{gt gc gcxeoj mh |x grthoma{gkh

%% Rtjej~ht cg ao}htgllaüo rtjnh|jt%gcxeoj

%% Hotawxhlht hc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo

G cj cgtij mh lgmg lxt|j# cj| gcxeoj| thladho 74 lxgmhtoj| mh grthoma{gkh; > mhc çeda}j laho}ånalj%

}hlojcüialj q > mhc çeda}j |jlaj%caoióå|}alj/ Cg h|}txl}xtg mh lgmg lxgmhtoj mh grthoma{gkh h| cg

|aixaho}h;

]tgdgkj Aoma~amxgc

Hvrj|alajoh| mh Itxrj

Hc }tgdgkj aoma~amxgc |h herah{g g thgca{gt ho lcg|h/ Rxhmho gqxmgt|h ho}th |å cj|

ljerg÷htj|/ Gwxhccj wxh oj |h }hteaoh |h thgca{gtç ho lg|g# goj}çomjcj ho |x

gihomg h|ljcgt rht|jogca{gmg/ Cg| }gthg| aoma~amxgch| }gedaáo |jo th~a|gmg| rjt

cj| rtjnh|jth|/ \h ao}ho}g h~a}gt wxh oj cch~ho g lg|g gwxhccg| }gthg| rgtg cg| wxhohlh|a}go thlxt|j| wxh |ücj h|}ço ho hc gxcg/

Rjt itxrj| |h ma|}tadxqh hc }tgdgkj q rth|ho}go cg |jcxlaüo g xog }gthg egomgmg j

hc rtjqhl}j thgca{gmj/ Rxhmho grjqgt|h rgtg h|}g hvrj|alaüo ho }jmj| cj| thlxt|j|

mhc gxcg/

Rth|ho}glaüo mh cg Xoamgm

]tgdgkj mhc gcxeoj

Gl}a~amgmh| mh

gx}jh~gcxglaüo

Gl}a~amgmh| mh

gercaglaüo*thnxht{jRtjqhl}j

G rgt}at mh xog gl}a~amgm ej}a~gmjtg# |h fglh xog ao}tjmxllaüo mh cg xoamgm# rtj%

lxtgomj ljohl}gt ljo cj| ljojlaeaho}j| rth~aj| mh cj| gcxeoj| q rth|ho}gt cj|

ljo}hoamj| nxomgeho}gch| mhc lxgmhtoj

Ljo}hoamj| q gl}a~amgmh| ~gtagmg| wxh hc gcxeoj fg mh thgca{gt mh njteg aoma~amxgc

j itxrgc/ Eûc}arch| thnhtholag| g nxho}h| j thlxt|j| ho cj| wxh gercagt hc ljo}hoamj/

Rtxhdg|# lxh|}ajogtaj|# hkhtlalaj|# thcglajogmg| ljo lgmg çeda}j mh grthoma{gkh/

Gl}a~amgmh| mh gercaglaüo rgtg |hixat g~go{gomj q rtjnxoma{gomj ho hc }heg h|%

ljiamj j mh thnxht{j rgtg gclgo{gt cj| eåoaej| h|}gdchlamj| rgtg h|g xoamgm/ Gc naogc mh lgmg lxgmhtoj |h aolcxqho cg| jtaho}glajoh| rgtg thgca{gt xo rtjqhl}j

wxh rjoig ho thcglaüo cj| ljo}hoamj| ljo cg ~amg lj}amagog




Mho}tj mh cg rtjitgeglaüo |h aolcxqho ehmamg| wxh rxhmgo gqxmgt g cg g}holaüo mh cg ma~ht|amgm

mho}tj mhc gxcg ljej hc |hixaeaho}j rht|jogca{gmj mhc rtjith|j mh cj| gcxeoj|# gl}a~amgmh|

}x}jta{gmg| q mh|gttjccj mh rcgoh| rht|jogch| mh grthoma{gkh/ ]gthg|# }jmg| hccg|# wxh |h ~ho

nglaca}gmg| rjt cg rth|holag mh }th| j eç| rtjnh|jth| q mhc jtaho}gmjt q rhmgijij }htgráx}alj wxh}tgdgkg ho rhwxh÷j| itxrj| mh njteg eç| rht|jogca{gmg/

Hc jdkh}a~j ûc}aej mh oxh|}tg cgdjt mh hmxlgmjth| h| hc lthlaeaho}j icjdgc mh cg rht|jog ehmago}h

hc mh|gttjccj mh cg| rtjrag| rj}holagcamgmh| q cg dû|wxhmg mh cg hvlhcholag fxegog q lta|}agog/

H|}h rtjqhl}j ljo}tadxqh g wxh }gc jdkh}a~j# wxh |h mh|gttjccg g }tg~á| mhc Rcgo mh Gllaüo ]x}jtagc#

|h rxhmg ao}hitgt ho hc nxolajogeaho}j lj}amagoj mhc gxcg/ H|}h Rcgo |h jtigoa{g ho }jtoj g lxg}tj

hkh| rtaolargch|;

G}holaüo aoma~amxgc gc gcxeoj;

Cg rth|holag ljo|}go}h mhc rtjnh|jt%}x}jt oj |ücj |h |aho}h ho cj| g|rhl}j| lxttalxcgth| mhcgrthoma{gkh# |aoj wxh ljocch~g xo |hixaeaho}j mh cg| latlxo|}golag| rht|jogch| wxh tjmhgo gc

gcxeoj ljo hc nao mh rjmht gqxmgtch g jtaho}gt|h ho |x rtjlh|j mh ljo~ht}at|h ho rht|jog/

Lthglaüo q ljfh|aüo mh itxrj;

]tgdgkj |jdth fgdacamgmh| |jlagch| wxh rhtea}go cg ehkjtg mh cg ljo~a~holag g|å ljej hc mh|gttjccj

mh cg ljerh}holag |jlagc mh cj| gcxeoj|# rth|}gomj h|rhlagc g}holaüo g cg th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j|

mh egohtg g|ht}a~g q ljo|ho|xgmg/

Hmxlglaüo ho ~gcjth|;

Ljej qg |h fg hvrxh|}j go}htajteho}h# hc ea|ej |a|}heg mhc gxcg rhtea}h hc }tgdgkj ljo|}go}h

|jdth ~gcjth|/ Wxhthej| lthgt |hth| fxegoj| åo}hitj|# ljertjeh}amj| ljo cg |jlahmgm ho cg wxh

~a~ho q rthrgtgmj| rgtg }tgdgkgt ho hc nx}xtj rjt xo exomj eç| kx|}j q eç| fxegoj/

Thcglaüo ljo cg| ngeacag|;

Ljcgdjtglaüo h|}thlfg ngeacag%h|lxhcg ljo hc nao mh rj}holagt cg g}holaüo aoma~amxgc gc gcxeoj#

rjoahomj gc |ht~alaj mh cg| ngeacag| }jmj| cj| thlxt|j| mh cj| wxh ma|rjoh hc lho}tj/

G cj cgtij mh laolj lxt|j| wxh cch~g nxolajogomj cg| GXCG\ LJJRHTG]A^G\ EXC]A]GTHG# |h fgo

rjmamj thgca{gt ma|}ao}g| h~gcxglajoh|# }go}j ao}htog| ljej hv}htog| wxh fgo |ht~amj rgtgthjtaho}gt gl}xglajoh|# ljtthiat httjth| q ehkjtgt cg hvrhtaholag/ \jo oxehtj|j| cj| ljeho}gtaj| h

aomalgmjth| wxh |h rjmtågo aolcxat ho h|}h grgt}gmj# rhtj fhej| |hchllajogmj gwxhccj| wxh

rxhmgo |ht~at rgtg acx|}tgt ehkjt cj| cjitj| gclgo{gmj|/

Rjt rgt}h mh cj| gcxeoj|;

Cg ~gcjtglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| ho cj| ma|}ao}j| g|rhl}j| mhc Lho}tj fg |amj itg}geho}h |g}a|ngl}jtag

ho cg| |hllajoh| mh 7» q mh 4» mh cg H/\/J/ &h|rhlagceho}h ho cj| rtaehtj|!/ Cj| gcxeoj| ~gcjtgo

rj|a}a~geho}h hc gxcg# hc }tgdgkj ho hccg# |x jtigoa{glaüo q hc lcaeg wxh |h ihohtg/

Cg rtxhdg mh cg gea|}gm q hc dxho lcaeg wxh |h fg ljo|hixamj ho hc Gxcg# h|}ç ho hc rjlj

gd|ho}a|ej wxh |h rtjmxlh# ho cg rhtegoholag mh cj| gcxeoj| eç| gccç mhc fjtgtaj h|ljcgt q ho hcgc}j åomalh mh rgt}alarglaüo ho cg| gl}a~amgmh| hv}tgh|ljcgth|/




Rjt rgt}h mh cg| ngeacag|;

Ho cg| thxoajoh| q ho cg| ho}th~a|}g| rht|jogch| |h fgo thladamj rgcgdtg| mh |g}a|ngllaüo q mh

gitgmhlaeaho}j rjt rgt}h mh cg| ngeacag|/ Hc |hixaeaho}j glgmáealj q rht|jogc mh lgmg gcxeoj# hc

ljo}gl}j nthlxho}h h aoehmag}j ljo cg| ngeacag|# cg |g}a|ngllaüo mh |x| fakj|# …/ |jo gcixoj| mh cj|aomalgmjth| wxh ~gcjtgo eç| rj|a}a~geho}h cg| ngeacag|/

Rjt rgt}h mh cj| rtjnh|jth|;

Cj| rtjnh|jth| wxh h|}ço ho hc rtjqhl}j egoanah|}go |x |g}a|ngllaüo q ~gcjtgo rj|a}a~geho}h }go}j

cj| cjitj| jd}hoamj| rjt cj| gcxeoj| ljej hc lcaeg mh }tgdgkj q ljerg÷hta|ej wxh h|}g

eh}jmjcjiåg rj|adaca}g/ Ho h|}h rxo}j oj hva|}h ma|lthrgolag ho cj| |ho}aeaho}j| mh cj| mjlho}h|

mh cg| GXCG\ LJJRHTG]A^G\ EXC]A]GTHG; }jmj| h|}ço |g}a|nhlfj|/

Ho ihohtgc# }jmj| cj| rtjnh|jth| fxdahtgo wxhtamj }hoht eç| }aherj rgtg hcgdjtgt cj| Lxgmhtoj| q

cg| Ixåg| mh Grthoma{gkh/ Mh|}glgo hc ~gcjt wxh fg }hoamj cg hvrhtaholag ho lxgo}j g cg| thcglajoh|ao}htrht|jogch|# }go}j rjt hc holxho}tj ljo j}tj| ljerg÷htj| mh rtjnh|aüo ljej rjt hc

glhtlgeaho}j wxh fg |xrxh|}j gc gcxeogmj/

Cj| rtjnh|jth| |h fgo ej|}tgmj goaegmj|# hvaiho}h| q exq gx}jltå}alj| ljo |x }gthg#

rtaolargceho}h thljojlho cg| mhnalaholag| wxh }hoågo ho lxgo}j g |x njteglaüo th|rhl}j g

eá}jmj| mh grthoma{gkh ljjrhtg}a~j q g}holaüo g cg ma~ht|amgm/ Aixgceho}h ~gcjtgo rj|a}a~geho}h

cg hvrhtaholag q |aho}ho wxh h| xo hvlhcho}h rxo}j mh rgt}amg rgtg hc lgedaj/

G|å ea|ej# mh|}glgo cj| cjitj| rtjnh|ajogch| wxh fgo gclgo{gmj ljo cj| gcxeoj|# rhtj

egoanah|}go }hejt g wxh oj |h }x~ahtgo ho lxho}g g cg fjtg mh h~gcxgt cg hnalaholag mhc rtjqhl}j0 |ao

hedgtij# |aho}ho wxh h|}j ch| fg rhtea}amj mh|gttjccgt xog oxh~g nglh}g ljej mjlho}h| q fgo

}hoamj wxh grthomht }gedaáo hccj| g }tgdgkgt mh njteg ljjrhtg}a~g/ Ho mhnaoa}a~g# }gedaáo fg |amj

xo dxho hkhercj rgtg cj| gcxeoj|/

4/<%% Hc Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg| Ngeacag| &LGN!

Cg Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analag Ljeaccg| mh Egmtam &XRLj! rth}homh gdtat|h g cg |jlahmgm q h|rhlagceho}h

g cj| |hl}jth| eç| mh|ng~jthlamj|# mh egohtg wxh oj |hg |ücj xo lho}tj mh |gdht mhc wxh |hdhohnalaho xoj| rjlj|# oa xo lho}tj mh njteglaüo wxh ~a~h mh h|rgcmg| g cj wxh rg|g g |x gcthmhmjt/

Cg Xoa~ht|amgm Rjo}analag Ljeaccg|# g }tg~á| mh |x Ao|}a}x}j Xoa~ht|a}gtaj mh cg Ngeacag# |h

ljertjeh}h# ljej rtaeht rg|j ho h|}g mathllaüo# g cg lthglaüo mh xo Lho}tj mh G}holaüo g cg

Ngeacag ho cg| H|lxhcg| Rtjnh|ajogch| Rgmth Rawxht/

Lho}tgt h|}g gllaüo ho cg ngeacag |h mhdh g cg aerjt}golag wxh á|}g }ahoh ljej racgt dç|alj mh cg

|jlahmgm/ Lthhej| ho hc rj}holagc wxh }ahoh ljej giho}h mh lgedaj q ljej hcheho}j thixcgmjt

mh cg h|}gdacamgm hejlajogc rgtg cj| eahedtj| wxh cg ao}hitgo# h|rhlagceho}h cj| ehojth|/

H|}h Lho}tj H|ljcgt h| ljo|laho}h mh cg aerjt}golag mhc ho}jtoj aoehmag}j ho hc mh|gttjccj

rht|jogc q glgmáealj mh |x| gcxeoj| g|å ljej mh cg ohlh|amgm mh xo grjqj rtjnh|ajogc




ao}htma|larcaogt g cg| ngeacag| wxh rth|ho}go egqjth| lgtholag| q manalxc}gmh| ho hc mh|gttjccj mh |x

ea|aüo hmxlg}a~g/

Hc Ao|}a}x}j Xoa~ht|a}gtaj mh cg Ngeacag mh cg XRLj# h| hc mathl}geho}h th|rjo|gdch mh jtigoa{gt#mh|gttjccgt q ego}hoht h|}g cåohg mh }tgdgkj qg wxh |x hvrhtaholag ho h|}h }htthoj q |x rtjnh|jtgmj

h|rhlagca{gmj ho }heg| mh ngeacag mh|mh ma|}ao}g| çthg| mh ljojlaeaho}j &Mhthlfj# R|aljcjiåg#

Rhmgijiåg# ]tgdgkj \jlagc///! cj lgrgla}go rgtg mj}gt g h|}h ma|rj|a}a~j mh cg lgcamgm eçvaeg

hvaiadch/

Hc jdkh}a~j mhc |ht~alaj h| mh|gttjccgt xog ~htmgmhtg njteglaüo ao}hitgc mh cj| gcxeoj| wxh

ljo}herch |x maeho|aüo fxegog# wxh |hg |ho|adch g |x| rtjdcheg| rht|jogch|# |jlagch| q

ngeacagth|0 q wxh ch| jnth{lg g hccj| q |x| ngeacag| grjqj q gqxmg hnalg{ rgtg hontho}gt|h g malfj|

rtjdcheg| q rgtg egmxtgt ljej rht|jog|/

Ogmah oj| ho|h÷g g ~a~at# g |ht fakj# rgmth# egmth# fhtegoj j g hontho}gtoj| g cg| manalxc}gmh| wxh cg

~amg oj| rcgo}hg/ G|xeat ho rgt}h malfg th|rjo|gdacamgm h| hc th}j wxh gntjo}gej|/

H|}h ma|rj|a}a~j mh g}holaüo g cg Ngeacag dx|lg gmheç| gxogt q rj}holagt cj| h|nxht{j| wxh mh|mh

j}tj| lho}tj| mh cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û| |h rxhmgo h|}gt fglahomj ho h|}g mathllaüo q mgt g ljojlht

hc thlxt|j g j}tj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j|/

Cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc LGN |jo;

7 %% G}homht itg}xa}geho}hg cg| ngeacag|/

4 %% Jnthlht gqxmg go}h cj| rtjdcheg|/

< %% Rtjej~ht cg mh}hllaüo rthlj{ mh cj| rtjdcheg|/

= %% Th|rjo|gdaca{gt g cg| ngeacag| ho cg th|jcxlaüo mh cj| rtjdcheg|/

8 %% Nglaca}gt hc mh|gttjccj ao}hitgc mhc gcxeoj*g/

> %% Ljcgdjtgt ho cg }gthg hmxlg}a~g icjdgc/

9 %% Njtegt g }jmj| cj| rtjnh|ajogch| aercalgmj| ho cg hmxlglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/

6 %% Aerxc|gt cg ao~h|}aiglaüo |jdth cg ngeacag/

Hc LGN mh|gttjccg |x gl}a~amgm ho }th| çthg| rtaolargch|; hc çthg mh ao}ht~holaüo# hc çthg mh

njteglaüo q hc çthg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo/ Ho cg rtaehtg# fgq }th| oa~hch| mh ao}ht~holaüo; hc mhaonjteglaüo# hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j# q hc }htgráx}alj/ Ho hc oa~hc mh aonjteglaüo# wxa{ç|

cj eç| mh|}glgdch |hg cg aonjteglaüo chigc# rhtj |h rcgo}hg ljej xo rtjlh|j mh thcglaüo mh gqxmg

mataiamj g glcgtgt mxmg| chigch| g cj| ao}hitgo}h| mh cg ljexoamgm h|ljcgt/

Hc oa~hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j |h rcgo}hg# }gedaáo ljej thcglaüo mh gqxmg rgtg

gljerg÷gt q thnjt{gt g cg ngeacag ho |x ~a~holag mh cg| lta|a| ljo cg| wxh |h holxho}tgo ho hc }tço|a}j

mh xog| h}grg| g j}tg| ho hc lalcj mh cg ~amg ngeacagt/ Ho h|}h oa~hc |h x}aca{go }áloalg| wxh

njt}gch{lgo cj| thlxt|j| q fgdacamgmh| mh lgmg xoj mh cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag/ Rgtg hccj# h|

aerth|laomadch wxh cg| thcglajoh| ngeacagth| |hgo gûo nchvadch| q eåoaegeho}h |gog|/ Rjt }go}j#

h|}h oa~hc mh ao}ht~holaüo |h rcgo}hg lxgomj cg| maoçealg| ngeacagth| oj |h fgo tj}j q cgmh|h|}txl}xtglaüo mhc |a|}heg ngeacagt }ahoh xo itgmj dgkj j ehmaj/ Ljo h|}g jtaho}glaüo q

g|h|jtgeaho}j |h ao}ho}g hvrcalgt hc lalcj mh cg ~amg ngeacagt q cg| lta|a| wxh |h mgo ho hc }tço|a}j mh




xog g j}tg h}grg/ ]gedaáo |h gqxmg ho cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh| ljo hc nao mh ehkjtgt cg thcglaüo ho}th

rgmth| h fakj|# rgtg cj lxgc |h }tg}g mh ho|h÷gt xog |htah mh fhttgeaho}g| mh ljexoalglaüo q mh

thcglaüo ho}th cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag ljo hc nao mh wxh thlxrhtho cg ljonago{g ho |å ea|ej|/

Ho rgt}alxcgt# |h gqxmg gc gmjch|lho}h g rtjnxoma{gt ho |x ejeho}j h~jcx}a~j q thljojlht cg| çthg|

rht|jogch| wxh ohlh|a}go h~jcxlaüo q ehkjtg/ Rgtg hccj# |h ch ho}thog ho hc mh|gttjccj mh cg ao}hcaiholag

hejlajogc# ehkjtgomj cg| lxg}tj ljerh}holag| hejlajogch|; ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| rtjrag|

hejlajoh| &gx}jljojlaeaho}j hejlajogc!0 ljojlaeaho}j mh cg| hejlajoh| mh cj| mheç| &herg}åg!0

thixcglaüo mh cg| rtjrag| hejlajoh| &gx}jljo}tjc hejlajogc!0 q ih|}aüo mh cg| hejlajoh| mh cj|

mheç| &fgdacamgmh| |jlagch|!/ H|}j |xrjoh# gmheç|# ho}thogt g cj| kü~hoh| ho hc egohkj mh cg

go|ahmgm &}áloalg| mh thcgkglaüo# ljo}tjc mhc rho|geaho}j# h}l/!0 jnthlht xo h|rglaj g ngeacagth|

mathl}j| mh cj| gcxeoj| j g rtjnh|jth| rgtg cg th~a|aüo mh cg |a}xglaüo mh ~amg rht|jogc0 jnthlht xo

gljerg÷geaho}j gmhlxgmj q ohlh|gtaj ho |a}xglajoh| ljoncal}a~g| ltüoalg| j ho |a}xglajoh| ltå}alg|

rxo}xgch|0 q gqxmgt g lgmg rht|jog g cjitgt cg| eh}g| wxh |h rtjrjoig ho cg ~amg/

Naogceho}h# ho hc oa~hc mh jtaho}glaüo q g|h|jtgeaho}j |h jnthlh xo |ht~alaj mh ehmaglaüo ngeacagt#

ho hc wxh cg| rgt}h| glxmho ~jcxo}gtageho}h rgtg fgdcgt mh xog njteg ma|}ao}g |jdth hc ljoncal}j

wxh oj fgo rjmamj j |gdamj th|jc~ht# go}h xo ehmagmjt aergtlagc wxh ao}ho}gtç lgrgla}gtch| rgtg

wxh ~xhc~go g grtjragt|h gl}a~g q th|rjo|gdcheho}h mh |x thgcamgm/ H|}g lgrgla}glaüo rg|g rjt

gqxmgtch| g ih|}ajogt cj| ljoncal}j|0 g }jegt mhla|ajoh| th|rjo|gdcheho}h go}h cj| rtjdcheg|0 g

lho}tgt|h ho cg th|jcxlaüo mh rtjdcheg| ljolth}j|# oj thcglajogch|0 g x}aca{gt fhttgeaho}g| mh

ljexoalglaüo jtaho}gmg| g cg th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| ho}th cj| rgt}alargo}h|0 g rth~hoat lxgcwxaht

njteg mh ~ajcholag0 q g ehkjtgt hc lcaeg mh ljo~a~holag/

H| exq aerjt}go}h cg njteg ho wxh h|}ç jtigoa{gmj hc |ht~alaj mh ehmaglaüo mhc Lho}tj/ Fgq xo

rtjnh|ajogc h|rhlagca{gmj ho ehmaglaüo ngeacagt/ Rhtj# gmheç| mh cg ao}ht~holaüo mathl}g# h|}h

rtjnh|ajogc ljjtmaog q |xrht~a|g xo hwxarj mh gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ehmagmjtg| wxh# ho}th }jmj| q

}jmg|# jnthlho cj| |aixaho}h| |ht~alaj| g }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g;

7 %% Ehmaglajoh| ho}th gcxeoj|

4 %% Ehmaglajoh| ho}th rtjnh|jth| q gcxeoj|# rtjnh|jth| q ngeacag|# ho}th rtjnh|jth|# h}l/

< %% Ehmagmjth| mh Grjqj ho cj| thlthj|

= %% Ehmagmjth| gqxmgo}h| mh oxh~j| gcxeoj|

8 %% Lxt|j| q ]gcchth| mh njteglaüo ho ehmaglaüo q th|jcxlaüo mh ljoncal}j| ho Gxcg| qLcgx|}tj

> %% Gl}a~amgmh| rgtg cg ehkjtg mhc lcaeg ho hc lho}tj h|ljcgt/

Ho hc çthg mh ao}ht~holaüo# hc ûc}aej oa~hc h| hc }htgráx}alj# wxh |h rcgo}hg ljej thcglaüo mh gqxmg

rgtg |j|}hoht q rj|adaca}gt cg }tgo|njteglaüo mh cg| ngeacag| exc}artjdcheç}alg|/ Hc oa~hc }htgráx}alj

|h ~xhc~h aerth|laomadch ho ngeacag| lxqg| thcglajoh| |jo aonchvadch| h ao|gog|0 ho cg| lxgch|# cg

maoçealg ngeacagt h|}ç tj}g0 q |h mg xo gc}j itgmj mh mh|h|}txl}xtglaüo ngeacagt/

Ho h|}g| ngeacag|# h| ohlh|gtaj h~gcxgt cj| h|}acj| mh thcglaüo q nxolajogeaho}j ngeacagt go}h cj|

rtjdcheg|0 ljolth}gt jdkh}a~j| mh ao}ht~holaüo ljo cg ngeacag wxh rhtea}go ehkjtgt cg thcglaüo ho}thrgmth| h fakj|0 rj}holagt hc mh|gttjccj mh cj| thlxt|j| rht|jogch| ohlh|gtaj| rgtg |gcat mh cg |a}xglaüo

rtjdcheç}alg0 q jnthlht h|}acj| gc}htog}a~j| mh thcglaüo q nxolajogeaho}j ngeacagt go}h cj| rtjdcheg|/




Rgtg hccj# |xhch rgt}at|h mh xog mhegomg aoma~amxgc mh gciûo eahedtj mh cg ngeacag# }tg| cg lxgc |h

h~gcûg hc rtjdcheg rcgo}hgmj rjt h|g rht|jog ho |x| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh| daj%r|alj%|jlagc/ G rgt}at

mh gfå |h }tg}g mh mj}gt g h|}g rht|jog mh cg| fhttgeaho}g| q h|}tg}hiag| mh gntjo}geaho}j q |h h~gcûg#

g|aea|ej# cg ohlh|amgm mh xo }tgdgkj wxh aolcxqg g }jmj| cj| eahedtj| mh cg ngeacag/

Hc çthg mh njteglaüo }ahoh ljej jdkh}a~j njtegt rtjnh|ajogch| gc}geho}h lxgcanalgmj| ho cg

ao}ht~holaüo ljo ngeacag| q ljo ehojth|/ Rgtg hccj# |xhch |ht ohlh|gtaj njtegt rtjnh|ajogch| mhc

lho}tj h|ljcgt –g cg lgt}g―# h| mhlat# mh glxhtmj ljo ohlh|amgmh| ljolth}g| wxh |xtiho mh cg

g}holaüo g |a}xglajoh| h|rhlånalg|/ ]gedaáo ao}ho}g njtegt g cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rtjnh|jth| q

rtjnh|jtg|# ngeacagth|# q g cg| rht|jog| mhc dgttaj ho fgdacamgmh| |jlagch|# ehmaglaüo# th|jcxlaüo

ljoncal}j|# ehkjtg mh cg gx}jh|}aeg# h}l/ Rgtg hccj# |h }tg}g mh ng~jthlht hc }tgdgkj rtçl}alj rgtg hc

mh|gttjccj mh cg| rtjrag| fgdacamgmh|/ Q }gedaáo |h fglh aerth|laomadch manxomat q mgt g ljojlht hc

rtjraj \ht~alaj mh Njteglaüo/

Rjt ûc}aej# mh|mh hc çthg mh ao~h|}aiglaüo# |h rth}homh gogca{gt cj| lgedaj| q lgtgl}htå|}alg| mh cg|

ngeacag|0 hcgdjtgt q manxomat xo ejmhcj h|rhlånalj mh ao}ht~holaüo rtjnh|ajogc0 hcgdjtgt

lxh|}ajogtaj| rgtg cg thljiamg |a|}heç}alg mh mg}j| thch~go}h| rgtg cg ao~h|}aiglaüo |jdth

jtaho}glaüo# ehmaglaüo q }htgrag ngeacagt0 h~gcxgt ljo}aoxgeho}h cg gl}a~amgm rtjnh|ajogc rgtg

ehkjtgt cg| lgrglamgmh| mh }jmg| cg| rht|jog| aercalgmg| ho hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j0 q hcgdjtgt rjt

h|lta}j h|}xmaj| h aonjteh| |jdth }jmj| cj| ngl}jth| wxh aoncxqho ho cg ngeacag# ho |x maoçealg q ho

|x| lgrglamgmh|# q ho cg| thcglajoh| wxh |h mgo ho hccg/

<%% G|jlaglaüo Rxhdcj| Xoamj|

Rxhdcj| Xoamj| |xtih# g naogch| mh cg málgmg mh 7112# ljej th|rxh|}g g cg thgcamgm lgedago}h mhc

dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg &Egmtam! q ljej |ht~alaj g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mh cj| oxh~j| ~hlaoj| mh jtaiho

aoeaitgo}h/ Ntx}j mh cg rth|holag hlch|agc g rgt}at mh cg rgttjwxag q hc gtlarth|}g{ij# mh ma~ht|g|

ljoithiglajoh| thcaiaj|g|# mh Lçta}g|# mh xo oûehtj lthlaho}h mh ~jcxo}gtaj| q mh cg rtjrag

rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h# hc camhtg{ij mhc kh|xa}g Eaixhc Çoihc \çolfh{%Gtkjog cjitü h|}gdaca{gt hc

rtjqhl}j q fglhtcj lthlht rtjith|a~geho}h/ Gmheç| mh cg g}holaüo rht|jogc q mh cj| h|rglaj| mh

|jlagca{glaüo ljexoa}gtag# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| jnthlaü rtjo}j |ht~alaj| mh dû|wxhmg mh herchj q mhgrjqj h|ljcgt g cj| ehojth|# g|å ljej g|h|jtåg kxtåmalg# g}holaüo r|aljcüialg h ao}ht~holaüo |jlagc/

Rxhmh ljo|amhtgt|h hc g÷j 422> ljej hc aoalaj mh xog oxh~g ng|h# egtlgmg rjt cg aoljtrjtglaüo mhc

oxh~j ljjtmaogmjt q rjt hc }tg|cgmj g cj| oxh~j| cjlgch|/ Hc lthlaeaho}j lxgo}a}g}a~j &ho oûehtj mh

rht|jog| g}homamg|# ho oûehtj mh ~jcxo}gtaj| q mh rht|jog| ljo}tg}gmg|# ho ~jcxeho mh

gl}a~amgmh|! ljocch~g }gedaáo h|nxht{j| mh lcgtanalglaüo jtigoa{g}a~g mh lgtg g xo lthlaeaho}j

}gedaáo lxgca}g}a~j/ Cg rtjrag thgcamgm mhc dgttaj q mh cg eaitglaüo |aixh lgedagomj# q g hccg| }tg}g

mh gmgr}gt|h Rxhdcj| Xoamj|/

\aherth g}ho}j| g cj| rtaehtj| h|}gmaj| mhc rtjlh|j eaitg}jtaj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| jnthlh xo h|rglaj

mh gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g# g }tg~á| mh xo a}aohtgtaj wxh ljerthomh hcgljerg÷geaho}j mh cg rht|jog mh|mh cg gljiamg aoalagc# rg|gomj rjt |x njteglaüo q rtaeht

herchj/ Gc ea|ej }aherj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| grxh|}g rjt xog gx}áo}alg ao}hitglaüo mh cg| ngeacag|




aoeaitgo}h| rtjralagomj |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q |x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g ho cg |jlahmgm# g|å ljej

njeho}gomj cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo egtlj mh ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# mjomh manhtho}h| itxrj|

ljo~a~ho ho maçcjij q g}homahomj lgmg xoj g |x rtjrag amho}amgm/ Hc }tgdgkj mh cg g|jlaglaüo rjoh

hc áong|a| ho hc gljerg÷geaho}j ngeacagt q ho cg lhtlgoåg gnhl}a~g g cg| rht|jog| q jnthlh xoh|rglaj mh |jlagca{glaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Ntx}j mh h|}h }tgdgkj# Rxhdcj| Xoamj| gljerg÷g ho hc

}aherj hc a}aohtgtaj ~a}gc mh gwxhccg| rht|jog| wxh mh|hgo ~aolxcgt|h eç| h|}thlfgeho}h ljo cg|

gl}a~amgmh| mh cg g|jlaglaüo/

Rxhdcj| Xoamj| h|# g|å# xog ao|}a}xlaüo wxh ljolho}tg |x| h|nxht{j| ho cg g}holaüo mathl}g g cg

rjdcglaüo# ljo hc nao mh rtjej~ht |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q |x rgt}alarglaüo |jlagc/ Mh|gttjccg }th|

çthg| mh }tgdgkj;

%% Gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g &7%4 g÷j|!# g }tg~á| mh xo a}aohtgtaj wxh

ljerthomh hc gljerg÷geaho}j mh cg rht|jog mh|mh cg gljiamg aoalagc# rg|gomj rjt |xnjteglaüo q rtaeht herchj/

%% Ao}hitglaüo mh cg| rht|jog| q ngeacag| aoeaitgo}h| rtjralagomj |x gx}jojeåg rht|jogc q

|x rgt}alarglaüo gl}a~g ho cg |jlahmgm# g|å ljej njeho}gomj cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xo

egtlj mh ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc# mjomh manhtho}h| itxrj| ljo~a~ho ho maçcjij#

g}homahomj lgmg xoj g |x rtjrag amho}amgm q g cg mh cj| j}tj|/

%% \ho|adaca{glaüo mh cg jraoaüo rûdcalg h|rg÷jcg q mh|gttjccj mh thcglajoh| ao|}a}xlajogch|

mataiamg| g manxomat oxh|}tj ljojlaeaho}j q hvrhtaholag# mhoxolagt thgcamgmh| aokx|}g| q

njtexcgt rtjrxh|}g| mh ao}hitglaüo# ljo~a~holag ao}htlxc}xtgc q maçcjij ao}htthcaiaj|j/

Gmheç|# }tg}g mh |ht xo lho}tj mh thnhtholag ho hc dgttaj mh Cg ^ho}accg# rhtj wxh oj |h caea}g gc

}tgdgkj –mh dgttaj― q wxh mh|hg x}aca{gt |x hvrhtaholag mh }tgdgkj cjlgc rgtg gl}xgt ho h|rglaj| eç|

gercaj| wxh hc dgttaj/ Rjt hkhercj;

%% Hc }tgdgkj mh ao}hitglaüo |h ljolho}tg ho hc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg# ma|}ta}j mh ]h}xço#

Egmtam# mjomh }gedaáo |h g}ahomh g ngeacag| h|rg÷jcg|/

%% Hc rtjitgeg mh ~a~ahomg q cg dû|wxhmg mh herchj |h mh|gttjccgo ho hc çeda}j eç|

gercaj mh cg Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam/

%% Cg gljiamg g rht|jog| thlaáo cchigmg| g H|rg÷g |h mh|gttjccg ho gc çeda}j mh cg

Ljexoamgm mh Egmtam# rjt }tg}gt|h mh rht|jog| gûo |ao tgålh| cjlgch| ho H|rg÷g/%% Hc }tgdgkj mh ljolaholaglaüo |jlagc h aolamholag rjcå}alg h|# rjt |x rtjrag og}xtgch{g# mh

çeda}j eç| gercaj gc dgttaj/

]tg}g mh |ht# rjt }go}j# xog ho}amgm ljo xog h|}txl}xtg jtigoa{g}a~g hnalaho}h# ljfh|ajogmg

ao}htogeho}h# rgt}alarg}a~g# ljo rht|jogc njtegmj %}go}j ljo}tg}gmj ljej ~jcxo}gtaj% q

lgrgla}gmj rgtg mh|gttjccgt xo }tgdgkj mh lgcamgm ho hwxarj q wxh }tgdgkg gl}a~geho}h ho thm ljo

j}tg| ao|}a}xlajoh|/




=%% Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht

Cg Rgttjwxag mh \go Ntgola|lj Kg~aht nxh htaiamg ho 71=2/ \xlhmh g xog aich|ag oj rgttjwxagc

mhmalgmg g cg âtiho mhc Lgteho |a}xgmg ho hc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg/ Ho cj| g÷j| 42 mhc |aicjrg|gmj# Kj|á Egtåg Txdaj herah{g g }tgdgkgt ho hc dgttaj# ho}jolh| mh }tgrhtj| q lfg}gtthtj|# q

nxomg xog| h|lxhcg| mjomh }tgdgkgo ho}th j}tj| Mjo Kxgo q Mjo Mheh}taj mh Gomtá| &egh|}tj|

wxh nxhtjo nx|acgmj| ho 71<> q wxh |h ch| ljojlh ljo hc ojedth mh Eçt}ath| mh cg ^ho}accg!/

Ho cj| g÷j| >2 cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û| |x|ltadh xo ljolaht}j ljo Lgkg Egmtam# rjt hc wxh h|}g

ljo|}txqh cg lxqg mathllaüo holjeahomg g cg Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|/ Mh|mh ho}jolh|# njteg

rcg}gnjteg ljo ác# q mh|mh fglh xoj| g÷j| ljo hc Lho}tj mh g}holaüo g aoeaitgo}h|/ Ho cj| g÷j| 92

hc Gt{jda|rj mjo Lg|aeatj Ejtlaccj lthg xog oxh~g Rgttjwxag# }gedaáo holjehomgmg g cg

Ljerg÷åg mh Kh|û|# lxqj }a}xcgt h| \go Cxa| Ijo{gig/ Fglh xoj| rjlj| g÷j|# q ljo ej}a~j mh cg

thejmhcglaüo mhc dgttaj mh cg ^ho}accg# mh oxh~j |h xoahtjo cg| mj| rgttjwxag| wxh nxolajogoljokxo}geho}h q ljo xo ea|ej hwxarj |glhtmj}gc/

Fjq hc dgttaj ho hc wxh |h ao|ht}g cg rgttjwxag }ahoh xog rjdcglaüo aoeaitgo}h exq hch~gmg# g|å

ljej xog itgo rjdcglaüo rtj~hoaho}h mh thgcjkj|/ G oa~hc |jlagc# hc }tgdgkj ljo aoeaitgo}h| g }tg~á|

mh Rxhdcj| Xoamj| h| exq gercaj &gljiamg# rgrhch|# g|h|jtgeaho}j chigc# dû|wxhmg mh herchj#

h|lxhcg mh ~htgoj# grjqj h|ljcgt# dû|wxhmg mh ~a~ahomg|# g}holaüo r|aljcüialg…!/ Cg rtjlh|aüo

mh cg âtiho mhc Wxaolfh &gm~jlglaüo jtaiaogtag mh Hlxgmjt!# wxh jtigoa{g cg rgttjwxag mh|mh fglh

~gtaj| g÷j| thûoh g lg|a 4222 heaitgo}h|# cg egqjtåg mh hccj|# hlxg}jtagoj|/ ]gedaáo ho hc oa~hc

|jlagc# h|}g rgttjwxag lxho}g ljo Lçta}g| wxh g}ahomh g golagoj| q g ehojth| ho tah|ij/

Ho cg rgttjwxag# h| aerjt}go}h cg rg|}jtgc mh cj| \gltgeho}j| q cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| wxh

gljerg÷go cg| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh| mh cg ~amg q cg hvrhtaholag thcaiaj|g mh cg| rht|jog|/

]gedaáo fgq xog dxhog thcglaüo ljo cg Maülh|a|# g }tg~á| mh cg algtåg q hc Gtlarth|}g{ij/ Q hva|}h cg

G|jlaglaüo Tjlahtg mh cg ho}accg# wxh }ahoh |hmh ho cg rgttjwxag/

8%% Ljolcx|aüo

Cj| dxhoj| th|xc}gmj| mh cg hvrhtaholag hmxlg}a~g mhc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht |h dg|go

ho cg ljoncxholag mh h|nxht{j|# mh|mh ma|}ao}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| exq gl}a~g| q rth|ho}h| ho hc dgttaj mh

Cg ^ho}accg mh|mh fglh exlfj| g÷j|/ Cg ljercheho}gtahmgm q cg ljjtmaoglaüo mh cg gllaüo mh

}jmg| h|}g| ao|}a}xlajoh| rhtea}h xo hnhl}j exc}arcalgmjt q rj}holag cg hnalglag q hc gclgolh mh lgmg

xog mh hccg|/

H| h~amho}h wxh xo h|nxht{j g|å oj h| rj|adch |ao thlxt|j|/ Oj rjmhej| jc~amgt wxh |h }tg}g oj

|ücj mh xo lho}tj ljolht}gmj# |aoj# gmheç|# mh xo lho}tj grjqgmj hljoüealgeho}h rjt xog

ao|}a}xlaüo naogolahtg ljej Lgkg Egmtam &gfjtg Dgoàg!/ Rhtj cj| itgomh| h aerjt}go}h| cjitj|

ljo|hixamj| rjt hc Lho}tj mh Njteglaüo Rgmth Rawxht# mh cj| lxgch| cg lht}analglaüo mhhvlhcholag hxtjrhg h| –|ücj― hc thljojlaeaho}j rûdcalj ao}htoglajogc# |jo }go}j eç|

|aioanalg}a~j| rjtwxh |h mgo# rthla|geho}h# ho xo dgttaj fxeacmh ljo rht|jog| q ngeacag| wxh |h






GRTHO%MAHOMJG \HTAIXGCH




CG HMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGCLJEJ LTA]HTAJMH LGCAMGM MH CGHO\H×GO[G/

CG H GCXGLAÜOLJEJ LJOMALAÜOMH LGCAMGM HO CGHMXLGLAÜOAO]HTLXC]XTGC

LGRÅ]XCJ77

Egtåg Kh|û| Rhtgch| Ejo}jcåj<6/ \joag Jt}hig Iga}h<1/ Kh|û| E/ Kjtoh} Ehcaç=2




7%% Ao}tjmxllaüo

Cg th~a|aüo mh cg| lcg~h| mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc g cj cgtij mh cg| rçiaog| mh h|}h cadtj fg

rxh|}j mh egoanah|}j |x aerjt}golag ho cj| lho}tj| hmxlg}a~j| q ho cg| gxcg|# q# rgtgchcgeho}h# hcrj}holagc mh cg h|lxhcg ljej ej}jt mh |ho|adaca{glaüo q mh lgedaj |jlagc ho h|}h }heg/

Cg| rtçl}alg| lj}amagog| ho cj| lho}tj|# g }tg~á| mh rtjrxh|}g| ao}hitgmjtg|# ho cj| Rtjqhl}j|

Hmxlg}a~j| mh Lho}tj q Rtjqhl}j| Lxttalxcgth|# j mh rtjrxh|}g| h|rhlånalg| g oa~hc mh gxcg# |htço

cg| wxh ljolth}ho h|}g grxh|}g icjdgc rjt cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Q cg h~gcxglaüo mhdh |ht xog

h|}tg}hiag mh th~a|aüo mh cg rtjrag rtçl}alg wxh gqxmh g cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g g gogca{gt cj wxh |h

fglh# rjt wxá |h fglh# lüej |h fglh# wxá th|xc}gmj| oj| grjt}g# q |a h|j| th|xc}gmj| |jo cj wxh

thgceho}h ohlh|a}gdg hc ljchl}a~j ljo hc wxh }tgdgkgej|/

4%% Cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc ljej lta}htaj mh lgcamgm mh cg ho|h÷go{g

Cg| rtaehtg| cåohg| mhc rthçedxcj mh cg CJH 422> mhnaoho cg hmxlglaüo ljej –hc ehmaj mh

}tgo|ea}at q# gc ea|ej }aherj# mh thoj~gt cg lxc}xtg &…! mh njeho}gt cg ljo~a~holag mhejltç}alg q hc

th|rh}j g cg| manhtholag| aoma~amxgch|# mh rtjej~ht cg |jcamgtamgm q h~a}gt cg ma|ltaeaoglaüo# ljo hc

jdkh}a~j nxomgeho}gc mh cjitgt cg ohlh|gtag ljfh|aüo |jlagc/ Gmheç|# cg hmxlglaüo h| hc ehmaj eç|

gmhlxgmj rgtg igtgo}a{gt hc hkhtlalaj mh cg laxmgmgoåg mhejltç}alg# th|rjo|gdch# cadth q ltå}alg# wxh

th|xc}g aoma|rho|gdch rgtg cg ljo|}a}xlaüo mh |jlahmgmh| g~go{gmg|# maoçealg| q kx|}g|―/ Exh|}tg cg

aerjt}golag mh cg hmxlglaüo rgtg igtgo}a{gt xog gmhlxgmg ljo|}txllaüo mh cg amho}amgm rht|jogc q

mh xog ~a|aüo laxmgmgog wxh nglaca}h cg h~jcxlaüo mh cg rht|jog q cg |jlahmgm# ljo hc glho}j ho hc

th|rh}j q cg ljo~a~holag rgtg cg ljfh|aüo |jlagc/

Cg |jlahmgm gl}xgc ohlh|a}g eç| hmxlglaüo rgtg njeho}gt cg laxmgmgoåg ltå}alg q cg rgt}alarglaüo/

Cg hmxlglaüo rj}holag hc mh|gttjccj fxegoj0 h| rjt }go}j# xo rtjlh|j g cj cgtij mh }jmg cg ~amg wxh

fglh wxh cg| rht|jog| h~jcxlajoho mh njteg gmhlxgmg q ihohtho lgedaj| |jlagch| q h|}txl}xtgch|

holgeaogmj| gc mh|gttjccj# ljej |h÷gcg Kgwxh| Mhcjt| &7119;<=! ho dg|h g cj| lxg}tj racgth|

nxomgeho}gch| mh }jmj rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j; grthomht g ljojlht# grthomht fglht# grthomht g ~a~at

kxo}j| q grthomht g |ht /

Cj| rtaolaraj| q naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo rcgo}hgmj| ho cg CJH njeho}go xog ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc#

ihohtgomj xog amhg mh th|rh}j# |jcamgtamgm# nchvadacamgm# kx|}alag# h}l/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj cj rcgo}hg

Egt}åo Ijtmaccj &422>; >1! gc fgdcgt mh cj| naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo –hmxlgt h| fxegoa{gt q# rjt }go}j# cg

mhnaoalaüo mh cj| naoh| mh cg hmxlglaüo mhrhomh ho itgo ehmamg mh cg ljolhrlaüo wxh |h mhnahomg

<9 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Eá}jmj| mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Magioü|}alj ho Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh

^gcæolag/ rhtgch|Bx~/h| % f}}r;**yyy/x~/h|*ihe/<6 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Rhmgijiåg/ H|lxhcg Xoa~ht|a}gtag mh Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|amgm mh ^gccgmjcam/

|joagjiBrmi/x~g/h|/<1 Mhrgt}geho}j mh Eá}jmj| mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo q Magioü|}alj ho Hmxlglaüo/ Xoa~ht|a}g} mh

^gcæolag/ kjtoh}Bx~/h| % f}}r;**yyy/x~/h|*ihe




|jdth hc |ht fxegoj/ Xog hmxlglaüo ao}hitgc fgdtç mh }hoht ho lxho}g mh njteg hwxacadtgmg cg|

ma|}ao}g| maeho|ajoh| fxegog| q cj| manhtho}h| çeda}j| ho cj| wxh h| rj|adch q mh|hgdch hmxlgt g

cg| rht|jog|―/

\h }tg}g# |hiûo Egt}åo Ijtmaccj# mh hmxlgt g rht|jog| wxh mhdho grthomht ljojlaeaho}j| rhtj }gedaáo h|

ohlh|gtaj wxh grthomgo g tg{jogt# g ljojlht cg thgcamgm &hmxlglaüo rgtg ljojlht!0 h| ohlh|gtaj grthomht

fgdacamgmh| wxh }hoigo thcglaüo ljo hc |gdht wxh rj}holah |x ao}hitglaüo q cadht}gm &hmxlglaüo rgtg

egohkgt!0 grthomht g ~gcjtgt h| aixgc mh aerjt}go}h wxh grthomht ljojlaeaho}j|# &hmxlglaüo rgtg ~gcjtgt!0

rjt ûc}aej grthomht g rgt}alargt# xo g|rhl}j wxh |h grthomh mh|mh rhwxh÷j| rgtg cjitgt |ht rgt}h gl}a~g

mh cg |jlahmgm &hmxlglaüo rgtg rgt}alargt!/ Xog hmxlglaüo rgtg |gdht fglht# xog amhg mh }hoht

ljojlaeaho}j rhtj eh{lcgmj ljo ~gcjth| rgtg wxh eh |at~go rgtg |ht laxmgmgoj*g gl}a~j*g/

Ho h|}g ea|eg cåohg cg CJH aoljtrjtg cg| ljerh}holag| dç|alg| gc lxttålxcj wxh hc gcxeogmj gc

naogca{gt cg ho|h÷go{g jdcaig}jtag mhdh fgdht cjitgmj gclgo{gt h aoljtrjtgt g |x måg g måg# rgtgmh|gttjccgt|h ljej laxmgmgoj|%g| ltå}alj|%g|;

7 %% Ljerh}holag ho ljexoalglaüo caoióå|}alg/

4 %% Ljerh}holag eg}heç}alg/

< %% Ljerh}holag ho hc ljojlaeaho}j q cg ao}htgllaüo ljo hc exomj nå|alj/

= %% ]tg}geaho}j mh cg aonjteglaüo q ljerh}holag maia}gc/

8 %% Ljerh}holag |jlagc q laxmgmgog/

> %% Ljerh}holag lxc}xtgc q gt}å|}alg/

9 %% Ljerh}holag rgtg grthomht g grthomht/

6 %% Gx}jojeåg rht|jogc/

]jmg| }ahoho xog itgo aerjt}golag rgtg ljerch}gt hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j rhtj rgtg cg }heç}alg wxh

h|}gej| }tgdgkgomj ljertjdgej| lüej cg }th|# laolj# |ha| q jlfj# ho}th j}tg|# |h ~aolxcgo ljo cg

amhg mh xog hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh rj}holag xog gmwxa|alaüo mh ljerh}holag| rjt rgt}h mhc

gcxeogmj# xog njteg mh fglht# h|}gt q |ho}at ho }jtoj g h|}g }heç}alg ho cg |jlahmgm gl}xgc/

]gedaáo cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg g|aiog}xtg mh Hmxlglaüo rgtg cg Laxmgmgoåg ho rtaegtag# |hlxomgtag

q dglfacchtg}j ljo |x| manhtho}h| ojeholcg}xtg|# lxttalxcxe q }hegtaj| rhtea}h ao}tjmxlat

ljo}hoamj| q rtçl}alg| ho }jtoj g h|}g hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# ho}th j}tg| }heç}alg|/

Cg aoljtrjtglaüo mh cg g|aiog}xtg rtjrjtlajog xo rcgo}hgeaho}j hmxlg}a~j exq ao}hth|go}h rhtj cg

hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc oj rxhmh |ht ljo|amhtgmg ûoalgeho}h ljej xog g|aiog}xtg; h|

aerth|laomadch }tgdgkgt gmheç| mh njteg }tgo|~ht|gc cg }heç}alg rgtg wxh hc gcxeogmj ho}ahomg |x

aerjt}golag q ~gqg aoljtrjtgomj cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho |x wxhfglht magtaj/

Rgtg ao}tjmxlat cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm ho hc lho}tj hmxlg}a~j# |h thgca{go ho oxh|}tj rgå| exlfg|

hvrhtaholag| mh|mh manhtho}h| rcgo}hgeaho}j| rhmgiüialj|# eh}jmjcjiåg| q h|lhogtaj| wxh

rj}holago xo rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j mh }tgo|njteglaüo mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc gdgtlgomj

g }jmg cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g j mh|mh xo rtjlh|j rxo}xgc j ljolth}j ho mh}hteaogmj|ejeho}j| h|ljcgth|/ H|}g| hvrhtaholag| thwxhtatço mh xog h~gcxglaüo wxh oj| grjt}h aonjteglaüo

mh |x h~jcxlaüo q cjitj| |a g|å cj ljo|amhthej| jrjt}xoj/




Hc rgrhc mjlho}h |htç lcg~h ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j# ljej |h |h÷gcg ho cj| rtaolaraj| mh cg

CJH# |ahomj h~amho}h wxh cg njteg mh ho}homht q fglht |htç lcg~h rgtg ao}tjmxlat xo rtjlh|j x j}tj

wxh njeho}h xog eatgmg ao}htlxc}xtgc mh njteg ljolth}g j icjdgca{gmg# g rgt}at mhc goçca|a| mh

hvrhtaholag| rth~ag|# wxa{ç g~gcgmg| rjt rtjlh|j| h~gcxg}a~j|/ Thgca{gt xo }tgdgkj ljokxo}j ljo cgljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g wxh rj}holag hc áva}j mhc }tgdgkj# rhtea}h wxh cg| rht|jog| |h |aho}go rgt}h

mhc rtjlh|j# thnchvajoho |jdth |x| gllajoh| q |h ej}a~ho rgtg |hixat ljo|}txqhomj/

Hc*cg mjlho}h mhdh cjitgt hejlajogt q ej}a~gt g |x gcxeogmj ho thcglaüo g cg }heç}alg }tgdgkgmg

rgtg ljo}geaogt gc gcxeogmj ljo h|g acx|aüo q igog| mh grthomht/ H| aerth|laomadch wxh hc

mjlho}h |h lthg q ~a~g cj wxh h|}ç ho|h÷gomj# |h |aho}g rgt}h mhc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j rgtg |hixat

ljo|}txqhomj mh njteg ljokxo}g q ihohtgt xo rtjlh|j mh lgcamgm kxo}j ljo |x gcxeogmj/

Cg h|lxhcg h| xoj mh cj| ej}jth| mh }tgo|njteglaüo eç| aerjt}go}h| wxh rj|hho cg| |jlahmgmh|

rgtg at ihohtgomj oxh~g| njteg| mh ho}homht q fglht ho cg |jlahmgm/ Cg gl}xgcamgm oj| exh|}tgwxh cg| |jlahmgmh| h|}ço ho ljo|}g}h h~jcxlaüo# ~a~aej| ho xog gcmhg icjdgc ho cg wxh h|}gej|

ao}htthcglajogmj| “oj| ix|}h eç| j ehoj|% q mhdhej| grthomht g ~htoj| ljej aixgch|# mh|mh cg

amhg mh rht|jog/ Mh|mh h|g thgcamgm mh rht|jog|# }jmj| q }jmg| ehthlhej| cg| ea|eg|

jrjt}xoamgmh| rgtg oj ~a~at rtjlh|j| mh hvlcx|aüo j ma|ltaeaoglaüo/ Xog aixgcmgm mh

jrjt}xoamgmh| wxh oj |aherth h| igtgo}a{gmg rjt |a}xglajoh| aokx|}g| g oa~hc icjdgc# rjt

lxh|}ajoh| ljej –hc cxigt mjomh |h oglh―/

Ho oxh|}tg |jlahmgm fgq xog ljo|}go}h thnchvaüo |jdth hc rgrhc mh cg h|lxhcg/ Qg ho cj| g÷j| =2# T/

]qcht rcgo}hgdg –ºmhdhtågo cg| h|lxhcg| njtegt g cj| kü~hoh| rgtg wxh |h gmgr}ho g cg gl}xgc

|jlahmgm }gc ljej hccg h| mh fhlfj: J# rjt hc ljo}tgtaj# º}ahoh cg h|lxhcg cg ea|aüo th~jcxlajogtag mh

njtegt g cj| kü~hoh| wxh }tg}gtço mh ehkjtgt h|g ea|eg |jlahmgm:― &71=1;<8!/

Mhdhej| |ht lgrglh| mh ihohtgt xog hmxlglaüo ltå}alg wxh tjerg ljo cg| amhg| q h|}hthj}arj|

grthomamj| |jlagceho}h# wxh oj |jo eç| wxh grthoma{gkh| aoljtthl}j|# ljo|hlxholag ho |x

aoeho|g egqjtåg mh cg rtjrag aiojtgolag# wxh rtjrjtlajogo xog ~a|aüo httüohg mh cg thgcamgm wxh

gdjlg g gd|jcx}a|ej| gd|xtmj| wxh manalxc}go cg| thcglajoh| ho}th manhtho}h| lxc}xtg|/ Cg| amhg|

httüohg| h aonxomgmg| |jdth j}tg| lxc}xtg| oj oj| rhtea}ho lgeaogt fglag hc holxho}tj mh|mh

rj|alajogeaho}j| mh aixgcmgm wxh nglaca}ho hc hotawxhlaeaho}j ex}xj/ Cg h|lxhcg q cg hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc mhdho njeho}gt xo h|rglaj mh }tgdgkj rgtg ljo|hixat hcaeaogt h|g| amhg| aonxomgmg|#wxh ihohtgca{go q – eh}ho ho hc ea|ej |glj― g }jmg| cg| rht|jog| mh xog ea|eg lxc}xtg# grcalgomj

|jdth h|}j| itxrj| rthkxalaj| q h|}hthj}arj|# |ao |ht |awxahtg ljo|laho}h mh hccj/

Hc gcxeogmj mhdh ~a~at h|}h rtjlh|j mh njteg og}xtgc# mh|mh xog rhmgijiåg ltå}alg wxh nglaca}h cg

txr}xtg mh h|j| h|}hthj}arj| aonxomgmj| |jlagceho}h q rj}holah cg ljo~a~holag q hotawxhlaeaho}j

ex}xj/ H| ohlh|gtag xog hmxlglaüo aolcx|a~g mh lgcamgm wxh rj}holah xog ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc

}tgo|~ht|gca{gmg ho }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j q wxh aercawxh g }jmg cg ljexoamgm/ Mh h|}g njteg

cg h|lxhcg rjmtç ihohtgt xog }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc ho |x ho}jtoj# q ljo|hixat h|g eatgmg mh

aixgcmgm thgc ho}th }jmj| q }jmg|/

Xo hkhercj mh rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j ho h|}g cåohg |jo cg| ccgegmg| Ljexoamgmh| mh Grthoma{gkh# ljo

xog grxh|}g rjt cg }tgo|njteglaüo |jlagc q lxc}xtgc mh xo lho}tj# ljo manhtho}h| ehmamg| mh áva}j# q




ljo xog maoçealg wxh aercalg g }jmg cg ljexoamgm# rgtg hcaeaogt cg| |a}xglajoh| mh mh|aixgcmgm ho

cg| wxh |h |a}ûgo exlfg| rht|jog| &aoeaitgo}h| j oj! q rtjrjtlajogt xog hmxlglaüo mh áva}j rgtg

}jmj| q }jmg|/

Mh|mh cg xoa~ht|amgm# cg njteglaüo mh rtjnh|jtgmj# ho nglxc}gmh| j h|lxhcg| xoa~ht|a}gtag| mh

hmxlglaüo# mhdh grj|}gt rjt h|}g ~a|aüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mh njteg wxh cg| g|aiog}xtg| thcglajogmg|

ljo cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm# mh|mh cg| manhtho}h ojeholcg}xtg| wxh x}aca{g lgmg xoa~ht|amgm# oj |hgo

~a|}g| ûoalgeho}h ljej g|aiog}xtg mh ljo}hoamj|# |aoj eç| daho ljej xog njteg mh rho|gt#

fglht q |ho}at ho cg |jlahmgm icjdgca{gmg ho cg wxh ~a~aej|# wxh }homtço wxh }tgdgkgt ho hc gxcg mh

njteg ljo|}go}h ho |x nx}xtj rgrhc mjlho}h/

Hc gcxeogmj mh itgmj mh aongo}ac q rtaegtag ho |x| manhtho}h| eholajoh| mhdh cjitgt mh|grthomht

rgtg grthomht oxh~g| njteg| mh rho|gt# fglht q |ho}at ho thcglaüo g cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm0 thnchvajogt

mh|mh xo rcgo}hgeaho}j ltå}alj# rgtg cjitgt wxh |hgo nx}xtj| mjlho}h| ljo rj|alajogeaho}j|hmxlg}a~j| ng~jtgdch| fglag cg aolcx|aüo mh njteg thgc q ljfhtho}h/

Cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm fg mh |ht ~a~amg ljej xo g|rhl}j mh oxh|}tg ~amg# g|å h| ljej cj ~a~ho cj|

oa÷j| q oa÷g| mh hmxlglaüo aongo}ac fg|}g wxh |jo ljo}geaogmj| rjt cj| manhtho}h| giho}h| |jlagch|

wxh ihohtgo ho hccj| manhtho}h| eatgmg| mh ma|ltaeaoglaüo/ Cg h|lxhcg mhdh rj}holagt wxh |aigo

}hoahomj h|g eatgmg ao}htlxc}xtgc g cj cgtij mh }jmj hc rtjlh|j hmxlg}a~j wxh atç egmxtgomj q |htç

rgt}h mh cg amho}amgm mh cg rht|jog# xog njteg mh |ht%fglht%}hoht%h|}gt ho hc exomj/

Xo lta}htaj lcgtj mh lgcamgm mh cg hmxlglaüo h|# rjt }go}j# cg ehmamg ho wxh ao}hitg mh njteg icjdgc

h|}g rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x lj}amagohamgm/

<%% Cg h~gcxglaüo ljej ljomalaüo mh lgcamgm ho cg Hmxlglaüo Ao}htlxc}xtgc

Ho}homhej| cg h~gcxglaüo ljej –hc rtjlh|j |a|}heç}alj mh aomgiglaüo q ljertho|aüo mh cg

thgcamgm hmxlg}a~g wxh rth}homh cg hea|aüo mh xo kxalaj mh ~gcjt |jdth cg ea|eg jtaho}gmj fglag cg

}jeg mh mhla|ajoh| q cg ehkjtg mh cg ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g― &Tgej|# Rhtgch| q Ráth{ Lgtdjohcc#

4221;>2!/

Cg h~gcxglaüo rxhmh }hoht exc}a}xm mh –jdkh}j|―; h~gcxglaüo mh grthoma{gkh|# mh |xkh}j|# mh

rtjitgeg|# mh jtigoa{glajoh|… Xog mh cg| rht|rhl}a~g| wxh# ho}homhej|# jnthlh xog eatgmg

icjdgca{gmg |jdth cg| ao}ht~holajoh| hmxlg}a~g|# rhtea}h cg rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmj| cj| aercalgmj| q

|h gmgr}g mh njteg nchvadch g }jmg| cg| rtjrxh|}g| hmxlg}a~g| h| cg mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|/

H|}g rht|rhl}a~g rgt}h# h~amho}heho}h# mhc ljolhr}j mh rtjitgeg# ho}homamj ljej xog

– gl}xglaüo rcgoanalgmg# jtigoa{gmg q |a|}heç}alg# gc |ht~alaj mh eh}g| hmxlg}a~g| ~gcaj|g|― &Ráth{

Kx|}h# 4222;4>6!/ Hc oa~hc mh rcgoanalglaüo q jtigoa{glaüo mhc rtjitgeg ~g g |ht hc rtaeht hcheho}j g

~gcjtgt; cg| ao}ht~holajoh| hmxlg}a~g| wxh oj |jo h|}tal}geho}h lxttalxcgth| |h mh|gttjccgo ho cj|

lho}tj| ljo oa~hch| exq fh}htjiáohj| mh ljolthlaüo q |a|}heg}a{glaüo/ Q h|}j ao}tjmxlh mj|thnchvajoh|# wxh qg rjmhej| lgcanalgt mh h~gcxg}a~g|;




%% Aoalagt cg h~gcxglaüo mh xo rtjitgeg hvaih xo oa~hc eåoaej mh njtegca{glaüo mhc ea|ej0

ho lg|j ljo}tgtaj# }homtågej| rtjdcheg| mh –h~gcxgdacamgm ―# }gc q ljej cg ho}ahomh

Nhtoçomh{ Dgcch|}htj| &7118!/ \a h|h rtjitgeg oj h|}ç njtegca{gmj# cg h~gcxglaüo ~g g

|ht exq manålac# gc ngc}gt hcheho}j| |jdth cj| wxh ljo|}txat cj| lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo/

%% Eç| gccç mh wxh |hg xog hvaiholag mh cg eh}jmjcjiåg h~gcxg}a~g# xog thnchvaüo ao}hth|go}h g

rcgo}hgt ho cj| hwxarj| hmxlg}a~j| h| hc oa~hc mh |a|}heg}a{glaüo mh cj| rtjitgeg| ccgegmj|

ao}htlxc}xtgch|# j ho}th lxqj| jdkh}a~j| |h eholajog cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm/ Ho gcixoj| lg|j|#

|h }tg}g mh aoalag}a~g| |ücamg|# wxh gt}alxcgo }jmj hc lxttålxcxe# mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g

ao}hitgmg/ Ho j}tj|# |jo rtjrxh|}g| ga|cgmg|# ~aolxcgmg| ljo ejeho}j| cûmalj|# q mh

gl}a~amgmh| mh|ljohl}gmg| mhc th|}j mh cg ~amg mhc lho}tj q mhc mh|gttjccj lxttalxcgt/ Ho

h|}j| lg|j|# hc rtjdcheg oj h| cg gx|holag mh xo rtjitgeg |a|}heg}a{gmj rjtwxh oj |h

rxhmg grcalgt cg eh}jmjcjiåg mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|# |aoj rjt cj wxh rxhmh mhkgt ~ht

mh ngc}g mh gt}alxcglaüo mh h|}g| aoalag}a~g| ljo –cj thgceho}h aerjt}go}h― ho hc lho}tj/ Xog|hegog ao}htlxc}xtgc rxhmh |ht xog gl}a~amgm ljo xo gc}j rj}holagc hmxlg}a~j# maogea{gmjt#

thnchva~j q lxttalxcgt0 rhtj |ücj cj mh|gttjccgtç |a h|}ç ao}hitgmg ho hc mh|gttjccj lxttalxcgt thgc

mh cg| gxcg| q cj| rtjqhl}j| hmxlg}a~j|/

Mh|mh |x aoalaj# cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| fg grjt}gmj exc}a}xm mh honjwxh| ljo hc rtjrü|a}j

ihohtgc mh thlgdgt aonjteglaüo q hea}at kxalaj| mh ~gcjt |jdth ao}ht~holajoh| |jlajhmxlg}a~g|/ Cg|

ma|}ao}g| rtjrxh|}g| eh}jmjcüialg| oglho mh cj| ma|}ao}j| ejmj| mh ho}homht hc glhtlgeaho}j g cg

thgcamgm &cj| rgtgmaieg| q cj| eá}jmj| mh ao~h|}aiglaüo! q mh cg gmhlxglaüo g cj| ma|}ao}j| jdkh}j|

mh goçca|a| &rtjitgeg|# ao|}a}xlajoh| j rht|jog|0 mh egqjt j ehojt ho~htigmxtg0 ho manhtho}h|

ljo}hv}j|///!/ ]tg| málgmg| mh hontho}geaho}j ho}th rtjrxh|}g|# cg grxh|}g h|}ç gl}xgceho}h ho

ljojlht |xnalaho}heho}h cj| ma|}ao}j| honjwxh|# mh|mh xog rht|rhl}a~g mh ljercheho}gtahmgm# mh

ejmj wxh cg |hchllaüo ho}th hccj| &j |x| ljedaoglajoh|! |h mhta~h dç|algeho}h mh mj| lta}htaj|; hc

jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo &Rhtgch|# 422=!/

Ho hc egtlj mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mho}tj q nxhtg mh cg h|lxhcg# hc rgrhc mh cg h~gcxglaüo h|

nxomgeho}gc/ Oj |ücj rjt |x rj}holagc rgtg ehkjtgt cj| rtjitgeg| q gqxmgt ho cg }jeg mh

mhla|ajoh|# |aoj }gedaáo rjt hc lgtçl}ht h|holagceho}h njteg}a~j mhc rtjraj rtjlh|j mh

h~gcxglaüo; rcgo}hgt q mh|gttjccgt cg h~gcxglaüo mh xo rtjitgeg |xrjoh ~jc~ht g lxh|}ajogt }jmj|

cj| hcheho}j| wxh cj ljerjoho# ljergtgtcj| ljo cj wxh ho thgcamgm wxhthej| ljo|hixat# ljo cg|ohlh|amgmh| wxh ch mahtjo jtaiho# ljo hc ljo}hv}j thgc mjomh cj h|}gej| mh|gttjccgomj# wxh

}gedaáo lgedag ljo|}go}heho}h/ Hc egqjt rj}holagc mh cg h~gcxglaüo# ho thgcamgm# oj h| }go}j cg

aonjteglaüo naogc wxh grjt}g q cg| |xihtholag| mh ehkjtg wxh aoljtrjtg# |aoj cg thnchvaüo q goçca|a|

wxh fg |xrxh|}j ho |å ea|eg/

Dgt}jcjeá q Lgdthtg &4222! gogca{go gcixog| mh cg| rhlxcagtamgmh| mh cj| ljo}hv}j| mh hmxlglaüo

exc}alxc}xtgc# ho}homamg| ljej ohlh|amgmh| th|rhl}j g cj| rtjlh|j| h~gcxg}a~j|/ Á|}g| |htågo;

%% Cg fh}htjihohamgm mh rtjrxh|}g| q rtjitgeg| mh ao}ht~holaüo ho hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc# wxh mhegomg rtjrxh|}g| h~gcxg}a~g| nchvadch|/%% Cg oj~hmgm q mh|ljojlaeaho}j mh lxh|}ajoh| nxomgeho}gch| |jdth hmxlglaüo

ao}htlxc}xtgc thlcgeg hc rgrhc njteg}a~j mh cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo# h|rhlagceho}h




njeho}gomj rtjlh|j| mh thnchvaüo q goçca|a| ltå}alj &mh cg rtjrag ao}ht~holaüo# mh cg|

gl}a}xmh| oj egoanah|}g|# mh rthkxalaj| cg}ho}h|///!/

%% Hc lgedaj mh gl}a}xmh| ho cj| rtjraj| hmxlgmjth| aercalg rtjlh|j| gx}jtthnchva~j| q

}tgo|njtegmjth|/ Cg h~gcxglaüo# ljej mhlågej|# h| ho |å ea|eg xo rtjlh|j thnchva~j/%% Cg manhtholag lxc}xtgc h|}ç ~aolxcgmg ho jlg|ajoh| g cg mh|aixgcmgm |jlagc/ Ljej |h fg

|h÷gcgmj g cj cgtij mh h|}h cadtj# h| aerjt}go}h manhtholagt cg| lcg~h| mh egtiaoglaüo q mh

hvlcx|aüo wxh# gxowxh x}aca{go cg ~a|adch manhtholag lxc}xtgc# |h |x|}ho}go |jdth hcheho}j| mh

hvlcx|aüo ehoj| ~a|adch|# ljej cg aokx|}alag |jlagc# cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|# cg ao}jchtgolag… Cg

h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| rxhmh fglht ~a|adch| h|}j| ljoncal}j|# h|}j| hcheho}j| mh

ntgieho}glaüo# q rxhmh gqxmgt g manhtholagt q ljjtmaogt cg| ao}ht~holajoh|/

Cg| gx}jtg| ljerch}go hc goçca|a| rth|ho}gomj gcixoj| honjwxh| h~gcxg}a~j|# wxh rxhmho |ht

h|rhlagceho}h û}ach| q gmhlxgmj| rgtg cg |a}xglaüo mh|lta}g; cg h~gcxglaüo rgt}alarg}a~g# cg h~gcxglaüo

mhejltç}alg j mhcadhtg}a~g# cg h~gcxglaüo ljexoa}gtag# cg h~gcxglaüo ljcgdjtg}a~g q hc –herjyhteho}―#ljej h|}tg}hiag h|rhlagceho}h ao}hth|go}h/ Oj|j}tg| g÷gmaej| j}tj ejmhcj wxh ljo|amhtgej|

nxomgeho}gc rjt |x gc}j rj}holagc h|}txl}xtgmjt mh cg h~gcxglaüo; hc ejmhcj LARR &\}xnnchdhge q

\àonahcm# 7169! wxh ma|}aoixh ho}th h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j# mh ho}tgmg# mh rtjlh|j q mh rtjmxl}j# ho

nxolaüo mhc lalcj mhc rtjitgeg q mh cg| mhla|ajoh| g cg| wxh rth}homh mgt th|rxh|}g/

H|}j| ejmhcj| grjt}go manhtho}h| rht|rhl}a~g| rgtg glhtlgt|h gc rtjitgeg g h~gcxgt/ Ljej

mhlågej| go}h|# cg hchllaüo ho}th hccj| mhrhomh mhc jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo# |ahomj

gmheç| jrlajoh| ex}xgeho}h oj hvlcxqho}h|# mh njteg wxh ho cg egqjt rgt}h mh cj| lg|j| |h

}jego hcheho}j| mh manhtho}h| ejmhcj|# |aherth ljo cg rthlgxlaüo &nxomgeho}gc! mh ma|h÷gt xo

rcgo mh h~gcxglaüo ljfhtho}h/ Ho }jmj| cj| lg|j|# rjmhej| |hixat xo ea|ej h|wxheg mh

rthixo}g| lcg~h rgtg ma|h÷gt cg h~gcxglaüo# wxh rth|ho}gthej| eç| gmhcgo}h/

Hc rtaeht hcheho}j icjdgc g rcgo}hgt h| |jdth wxá |h lho}tg cg h~gcxglaüo/ Lxgomj rho|gej| ho

h~gcxgt hc rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc mhc lho}tj# mhc gxcg# mhc mhrgt}geho}j# ºho wxá

rho|gej|: Ho ~gcjtgt |a hc rtjitgeg nxolajog# |a h| gmhlxgmj… ho ~gcjtgt cg lgcamgm mhc

rtjitgeg/ Hc ljolhr}j mh lgcamgm h| thcg}a~j q exc}amaeho|ajogc/ H| thcg}a~j rjtwxh ho lgmg

ljo}hv}j q rgtg lgmg hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ~g g }hoht ljooj}glajoh| manhtho}h|0 q h| exc}amaeho|ajogc

rjtwxh ho lxgcwxaht lg|j ao}hitgtç ma|}ao}j| hcheho}j| ao}htmhrhomaho}h|/ Cch~gmg gc hv}thej# h|}g

thnchvaüo fgtåg ao~agdch lxgcwxaht ao}ho}j mh h~gcxgt xo rtjitgeg# mgmj wxh hc thcg}a~a|ej goxcgtåg

}jmg rj|adch ljolcx|aüo mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Oj |h }tg}g mh h|j# rhtj |å h| aerjt}go}h |ht ljo|laho}hmh wxh cg| rhtnhl}a~g| |jdth –wxá wxahth mhlat wxh hc rtjitgeg |hg mh lgcamgm ― rxhmho |ht

eûc}arch|# q h| ohlh|gtaj hvrcalgtcg| go}h| mh aoalagt hc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/

Cg h~gcxglaüo mhdh gljerg÷gt }jmj hc lalcj mhc rtjitgeg hmxlg}a~j/ Lxgomj xo hwxarj hmxlg}a~j

mhlamh aercgo}gt xo rtjitgeg h|rhlånalj mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc ho |x lho}tj# j th~a|gt cg

rtjitgeglaüo lxttalxcgt mh xo mhrgt}geho}j# rgtg gdjtmgtcg hvrcåla}geho}h mh|mh xog

rht|rhl}a~g ao}htlxc}xtgc# fg fgdamj rth~ageho}h xog h~gcxglaüo mhc ljo}hv}j# mh cg| ohlh|amgmh|

mhc lho}tj# mh cj| q cg| h|}xmago}h|# mhc dgttaj mjomh |h xdalg hc lho}tj# j mh cg thgcamgm |jlagc ho

ihohtgc# wxh fg cch~gmj g cg ljolcx|aüo mh wxh xog aoalag}a~g g|å h| ohlh|gtag/ H|g h~gcxglaüo fgdtç

|amj eç| j ehoj| njtegca{gmg# rhtj fg hva|}amj/ Njtegca{gt h|g h~gcxglaüo gqxmgtç gc hwxarjhmxlg}a~j g amho}analgt cj| hcheho}j| lcg~h |jdth cj| wxh ljo|}txqho |x mhla|aüo# q g gmhlxgt hc

rtjitgeg wxh ma|h÷go g h|j| hcheho}j| lcg~h/ Mhc ea|ej ejmj# cg h~gcxglaüo gljerg÷g gc




rtjitgeg ho }jmj |x mh|gttjccj# gqxmgomj g cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh|/ Mh|mh h|}g rht|rhl}a~g#

th}jegej| hc Ejmhcj LARR &Ljo}hv}j# Ho}tgmg# Rtjlh|j# Rtjmxl}j! rgtg fglht h|h thljttamj

|a|}heç}alj &\}xnnchdhge q \àonahcm# 7169! &~ht Lxgmtj 7!/

Hc rcgo}hgeaho}j mhkg ho}homht wxh lgmg xog mh h|}g| h~gcxglajoh| mhdh |ht thgca{gmg ho hc

ejeho}j aomalgmj th|rhl}j gc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg &cg h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j go}h| mh ma|h÷gt

hc rtjitgeg# cg mh ho}tgmg go}h| mh aercgo}gtcj# rgtg rjmht ao}tjmxlat cg| ehkjtg| wxh |h mh}hl}ho

ljej ohlh|gtag|…!/ Oj jd|}go}h# |a oj nxhtg g|å q cg h~gcxglaüo |h rcgo}hg gc naogc mhc rtjitgeg

&ljej |xlhmh ho mheg|agmg| jlg|ajoh|!# }gedaáo h| aerjt}go}h ma|}aoixat ho}th cg| rht|rhl}a~g|

wxh grjt}go h|}g| h~gcxglajoh|# q th~a|gt cj| lta}htaj| wxh |h ljo|amhtho rht}aoho}h| th|rhl}j g

lgmg xog mh hccg|; rjmhej| }hoht xo rtjitgeg exq hnalg{# rjtwxh ljo|aixh }jmj| cj| jdkh}a~j|

rth~a|}j|# rhtj wxh oj |hg rht}aoho}h# rjtwxh ho thgcamgm oj th|rjomh g xog ohlh|amgm thgc mhc

ljo}hv}j mjomh |h mh|gttjccg &ljej rxhmh |xlhmht ljo aoalag}a~g| ga|cgmg| mh lgtçl}ht

ao}htlxc}xtgc# ljej cg| |hegog| lxc}xtgch| lxgomj oj |h thcglajogo ljo j}tj| hcheho}j| mhc lho}tjq mhc lxttålxcxe!/

Lxgmtj 7

Hc Ejmhcj LARR mh \}xnnchdhge q \àonahcm/

H~gcxglajoh| q mhla|ajoh| ~aolxcgmg| ljo hc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg/

]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜOMHLA\AÜO WXH

AONJTEGMH\GTTJCCJ

MHC RTJITGEG

]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO ]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO ]ARJ MH H^GCXGLAÜO

Ma|h÷j mhc rtjitgegH~gcxglaüo mh Ljo}hv}jOhlh|amgm mhc

rtjitgeg/ºwxá }arj mh rtjitgeg:

RtjitgeglaüoH~gcxglaüo mh Ho}tgmgGmhlxglaüo mhc

Rtjitgeg

Aercheho}glaüomhc Rtjitgeg

H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjlh|jHkhlxlaüo# ejmanalglaüo#

gmgr}glaüomhc rtjitgeg

Naogca{glaüomhc Rtjitgeg

H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjmxl}j

Th~a|aüo mhc rtjitgeg &ehkjtg!/

Ego}hoaeaho}j j oj mhc Rtjitgeg/Glthma}glaüo mhc Rtjitgeg/




Ho lgmg xog mh h|}g| h~gcxglajoh|# ~aolxcgmg| ljo cg| ma|}ao}g| ng|h| mhc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg

ao}htlxc}xtgc# h| ohlh|gtaj amho}analgt cj| lta}htaj| mh|mh cj| wxh |h ~g g fglht cg h~gcxglaüo/ ºHo

nxolaüo mh wxá |h ~g g mhlamat wxh mh}hteaogmj rtjitgeg h| xog h|}tg}hiag gmhlxgmg rgtg

gdjtmgt cg |a}xglaüo mh ljoncal}j ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh |h h|}ç ~a~ahomj ho hc lho}tj: ºWxá lta}htaj| |hgmjr}go rgtg mhlamat wxh hc ma|h÷j hchiamj rgtg hc rtjitgeg h| hc gmhlxgmj: ºHo nxolaüo mh wxá

|h thgca{g hc |hixaeaho}j mhc rtjitgeg: ºWxá lta}htaj| x}aca{gej| rgtg mhlamat wxh cg h|}tg}hiag

x}aca{gmg fg nxolajogmj gmhlxgmgeho}h:

Mhc ea|ej ejmj wxh cg amho}analglaüo mh cj| jdkh}a~j| h| hc ejeho}j lcg~h mhc ma|h÷j mhc

rtjitgeg# ho cg |hchllaüo mh lta}htaj| hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j h|}ç hvrcala}gomj wxá ljo|amhtg

gmhlxgmj# ho nxolaüo mh wxá |h matç wxh hc rtjitgeg fg nxolajogmj gmhlxgmgeho}h/ Cg

amho}analglaüo q mh|ltarlaüo mh cj| lta}htaj| h| xog }gthg nxomgeho}gc mhc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j wxh ~g g

fglht cg h~gcxglaüo/ Hc oa~hc mh rgt}alarglaüo wxh |h jnth{lg ho h|}g ng|h h| ho |å ea|ej xog njteg

mh mhnaoat cg lgcamgm mhc rtjitgeg; rxhmh |ht hc hwxarj mathl}a~j mhc lho}tj wxaho h|}gdch{lg cj|lta}htaj| &q h| rhtnhl}geho}h chiå}aej! j |h rxhmh h|}gdchlht xog maoçealg eç| rgt}alarg}a~g ho cg

wxh |h má cg ~j{ g cj| manhtho}h| ljchl}a~j| mh cg ljexoamgm hmxlg}a~g rgtg aomalgt wxá lta}htaj| |h

ljo|amhtgo thch~go}h| &q ho h|}h lg|j cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo rj}holag hcheho}j| lcg~h mh cj wxh

rtjdgdcheho}h |h h|}ç }tgdgkgomj ho hc rtjraj rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc!/

Oj hva|}h xo ca|}gmj hvfgx|}a~j mh lta}htaj|# rhtj jnthlhej| g ljo}aoxglaüo xog |htah mh lta}htaj|

wxh rxhmgo |ht~at mh thnhtholag/ Lgmg hwxarj hmxlg}a~j wxh herthomg xog h~gcxglaüo mhdhtç

hchiat cj| |xqj|# q mhnaoatcj| |hiûo |x| rtajtamgmh|# q hc rtjitgeg j |a}xglaüo hmxlg}a~g wxh ~gqg g

h~gcxgt/ \at~g cg |aixaho}h }gdcg |ücj ljej hkhercj=7# q cg| mhnaoalajoh| grjt}gmg| ljej

|xihtholag| wxh mhdhtço ohlh|gtageho}h gmgr}gt|h &ego}hoahomj cj| hcheho}j| h|holagch|! g cg

thgcamgm g h~gcxgt/

Lxgmtj 4

Lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|

H~gcxglaüo mh Ljo}hv}j

Oj fgq lta}htaj| thcg}a~j| gc rtjitgeg/ \h }tg}g mh fglht hc goçca|a| mh ohlh|amgmh| g rgt}at mh cg thgcamgm ljolth}g/

H|}h goçca|a| h| nxomgeho}gc ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# amho}analgomj ohlh|amgmh| mhc itxrj lcg|h# mhc

lho}tj q mh cg |jlahmgm# mh cj| gcxeoj| ho lxgo}j nx}xtj| laxmgmgoj|0 ohlh|amgmh| ~aolxcgmg| mathl}geho}h ljo cgthgcamgm exc}alxc}xtgc mhc lho}tj# j ljo j}tj }arj mh mh|aixgcmgmh|/

H~gcxglaüo mh ho}tgmg

Rht}aoholag=4

\xnalaholag

Lgcamgm }áloalg mhc rtjitg%

Hva|}h xog ohlh|amgm thgc ho hc ljo}hv}j# wxh thwxahth mh xo rtjitgeg ljej h|}h j

mh xog ao}ht~holaüo hmxlg}a~g ljej h|}g/

Hc rtjitgeg h| xog th|rxh|}g rj}holagceho}h gmhlxgmg g cg ohlh|amgm mh}hl}gmg/

Hc rtjitgeg# }gc q ljej h|}ç ma|h÷gmj# h| rj}holagceho}h lgrg{ mh ljo|hixat cj|

jdkh}a~j| wxh rth}homh &aolcxqh cj| grjqj|# ehmaj| q thlxt|j| rgtg ljo|hixat cj| jd%

kh}a~j|# ho rgt}alxcgt |jdth cg njteglaüo# aercalglaüo q ljertjea|j mh cj| giho}h| q

mheç| aercalgmj|!/

Hc rtjitgeg h| ljfhtho}h ljo cg| dg|h| }hütalg| q rhmgiüialg|/Hc rtjitgeg }ahoh ljoitxholag ao}htog ho}th |x| ljerjoho}h|/




H~gcxglaüo mh rtjlh|j/

H~gcxglaüo mh rtjmxl}j

eg

âgdacamgm mhc rtjitgeg

Lxercaeaho}j/

Nchvadacamgm=<

Gmhlxglaüo mh cj| manhtho}h|

ljerjoho}h|/

Hnalglag rgtlagc

\g}a|ngllaüo rgtlagc mh cj|

aercalgmj|

Hnalglag

Hnalaholag

Hnhl}a~amgm==

\g}a|ngllaüo

Aergl}j

Nxolajogcamgm

Hc ma|h÷j rth~a|}j rgtg hc rtjitgeg h| thgca|}g q gmhlxgmj rgtg cg |a}xglaüo mjomh |h

mh|gttjccgtç/

Hc rtjitgeg |h mh|gttjccg |hiûo cj rth~a|}j# oj fgq mh|ng|h| oa mh|gkx|}h|/Hc rtjitgeg h| lgrg{ mh gmhlxgt|h g cg| |a}xglajoh| wxh |h ~go rth|ho}gomj# ego%

}hoahomj cj| jdkh}a~j| naogch|# rhtj gmhlxgomj cg| h|}tg}hiag|/

Cj| manhtho}h| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg ljo}tadxqho g |x mh|gttjccj gmhlxgmj q g

cg ljo|hlxlaüo mh cj| jdkh}a~j| &hc }tgdgkj mh|gttjccgmj rjt cj| hmxlgmjth|# cg ao%

ntgh|}txl}xtg# cg eh}jmjcjiåg…!/ Rxhmh ao}hitgt j oj cg ~gcjtglaüo mhc rgrhc mh cj|

hmxlgmjth| ho hc rtjitgeg/

Cj| jdkh}a~j| rth~a|}j| |h ~go ljo|aixahomj/

Cj| aercalgmj| &rtjnh|jth|*g|# gcxeoj|*g|# ljjtmaogmjth|# giho}h| hv}htoj|# hwxarj

mathl}a~j…! h|}ço |g}a|nhlfj| ljo hc mh|gttjccj mhc rtjqhl}j/

Itgmj mh cjitj mh cj| jdkh}a~j| rtjrxh|}j| &grthoma{gkh|# lgedaj mh gl}a}xmh|# rgt%

}alarglaüo!/

Th|xc}gmj| ho thcglaüo ljo cj| ehmaj| ma|rjoadch| q cg| latlxo|}golag| ho wxh hc rtj%

itgeg |h grcalg/

Hnhl}j| dhohnalaj|j| oj rth~a|}j|/

\g}a|ngllaüo mh mh|}aog}gtaj|# giho}h| q j}tj rht|jogc ao}hth|gmj j gnhl}gmj/

Hnhl}j| mhc rtjitgeg ho hc ljo}hv}j# eç| gccç mh cj| jdkh}a~j| ao}htoj| rth}homamj|/

Itgmj ho wxh hc rtjitgeg fg |g}a|nhlfj cg| ohlh|amgmh| wxh cj kx|}analgtjo/

=7 H| ao}hth|go}h g h|}h th|rhl}j cg manhtholaglaüo ho}th lta}htaj| }áloalj|# rjcå}alj| q mhejltç}alj|

wxh rth|ho}g Mh Eaixhc# E/ &4222!/ ]gedaáo h| h|rhlagceho}h ao}hth|go}h cg th~a|aüo mh

\gegtahij# E/ ho H||jedg &4229! thnhtamg g hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/=4 Cg rht}aoholag |jlagc h| xo lta}htaj mh lgcamgm thljiamj ho cg Ljonhtholag Exomagc |jdth

Hmxlglaüo \xrhtajt &Rgtå|# jl}xdth mh 7116! ho hc mjlxeho}j Cg Hmxlglaüo \xrhtajt ho hc \aicj VVA/ â|aüo q Gllaüo &rçi/ 48!/ Gccå |h rxhmh chht; Cg lgcamgm h| ao|hrgtgdch mh cg rht}aoholag

|jlagc°# mh|gttjccçomj|h h|}g amhg ljej xog dû|wxhmg mh |jcxlajoh| g cg| ohlh|amgmh| q

rtjdcheg| mh cg |jlahmgm q eç| h|rhlagceho}h g cj| thcglajogmj| ljo cg ljo|}txllaüo mh xog

lxc}xtg mh rg{ q xo mh|gttjccj |j|}hoadch° &Ráth{ Kx|}h# 4222; 49>!=< H|}j| mj| lta}htaj|# lxercaeaho}j q nchvadacamgm # |jo jrxh|}j|/ \h rxhmho ljo|amhtgt gedj|

ljej thch~go}h|# lxgomj hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j ljo|amhth wxh xo rtjitgeg mh lgcamgm |htç gwxác

wxh ego}hoig xo hwxacadtj ho}th hccj|/ J |h rxhmh hchiat |ücj xoj mh hccj|# lxgomj hc hwxarj

hmxlg}a~j mhlamg rtajta{gt xoj x j}tj/== Oj fgq ljo|ho|j th|rhl}j g cg mhnaoalaüo mhc lta}htaj mh hnhl}a~amgm/ Ho lxgcwxaht lg|j# xog

rht|rhl}a~g ao}hth|go}h ho cg h~gcxglaüo mh lxgcwxaht rtjitgeg j aoalag}a~g hmxlg}a~g h| hcgoçca|a| mh cj| hnhl}j| dhohnalaj|j| oj rth~a|}j| wxh |h fgo ljo|hixamj ~aolxcgmj| ljo hc rtj%

itgeg/




Rth|ho}gmg h|}g rgojtçealg ihohtgc |jdth cj| lta}htaj| mh h~gcxglaüo# ho}tgej| g gdjtmgt lgmg

xoj mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j# rth|ho}gmj ho hc Lxgmtj < &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q

Rhtgch|# 4224;<6!/ Rgtg th~a|gtcj| ~gej| g |ht~atoj| mh mj| hkhercj|;

Hkhercj 7/ Hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhc lho}tj mh rtaegtag Hc Dj|wxh fg ljo|}g}gmj xo aoltheho}j mh

cj| oa÷j| q oa÷g| aoeaitgo}h|# ljej ljo|hlxholag mh cg ao|}gcglaüo ho hc rxhdcj mh oxh~g| ngeacag|/

Fg|}g gfjtg# cg| oa÷g| q oa÷j| aoeaitgo}h| |h fgdågo ao}hitgmj daho ho hc lho}tj# rhtj ljo cg lta|a|

hljoüealg fgq ngeacag| ljo manalxc}gmh|# q fgo mhlamamj }tgdgkgt |jdth hc }heg mh njteg rth~ho}a~g/

Hc }heg }tgo|~ht|gc rtajta{gmj rgtg hc lxt|j rtüvaej |htç cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# q mh|mh h|g

rht|rhl}a~g |h ~g g ma|h÷gt xo rtjitgeg icjdgc wxh ao}hitgtç gl}a~amgmh| rxo}xgch| ljo cg th~a|aüo

mhc }heg ho hc lxttålxcxe fgda}xgc/ Fgo mhlamamj ma|h÷gt q mh|gttjccgt cg h~gcxglaüo ho rgtgchcj#

rgtg fglht hc |hixaeaho}j h amho}analgt aonjteglaüo wxh rhtea}g ehkjtgt hc rtjitgeg/Hkhercj 4/ Gc

lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg cchigo }jmj| cj| g÷j| ma~ht|g| ho}amgmh| hv}htog| jnthlahomj rtjitgeg| q

gl}a~amgmh|# ho}th hccg| gcixog| ho hc çeda}j mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ H|}h g÷j hc hwxarjmathl}a~j fg mhlamamj fglht cg h~gcxglaüo mh h|}j| rtjitgeg|# rgtg rjmht }jegt mhla|ajoh| ho

lxt|j| |xlh|a~j| |jdth |x ljo}aoxamgm j oj/

</7%% Jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo/ Wxá |h h~gcûg

Cj| mj| ljerjoho}h| nxomgeho}gch| |jo cj| rtaehtj|; wxá |h h~gcûg q rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg/ Cg|

mhla|ajoh| wxh |h gmjr}ho ho á|}j| ljomalajogtço hc th|}j mh cj| ljerjoho}h|/

Ho xo rtaeht ejeho}j# hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mhdh mhlamat wxá h| cj wxh ~g g h~gcxgt/ Cg rtaehtg

th|rxh|}g h| h~amho}h; |h ~g g h~gcxgt hc rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/ Cg th|rxh|}g mhdh

|ht eç| hcgdjtgmg# rgtg rth|ho}gt cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| nxomgeho}gch| mhc rtjitgeg q mhlamat wxá |h

~g g h~gcxgt th|rhl}j gc ea|ej &wxá h~gcxglaüo |h rcgo}hg# |hiûo hc Ejmhcj LARR# q ljo wxá

lta}htaj| mh thnhtholag!/

Ho hc hkhercj 7# mhc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh# cg h~gcxglaüo mh ljo}hv}j qg h|}ç fhlfg/ H| hc ejeho}j mh

ma|h÷gt hc rtjitgeg rgtg hc lxt|j rtüvaej# q mh rcgoanalgt cg h~gcxglaüo mh ho}tgmg# rtjlh|j q

rtjmxl}j# mhlamahomj cj| lta}htaj| wxh |htço eç| thch~go}h|/

Ho hc hkhercj 4# mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# hc hwxarj mathl}a~j rxhmh mhlamat lho}tgt|h |ücj ho cg

h~gcxglaüo mh rht}aoholag q mh rtjmxl}j; wxahth |gdht |a thgceho}h cj| rtjitgeg| mh|gttjccgmj|

th|rjomho g ohlh|amgmh| hva|}ho}h| ho |x ljo}hv}j# q |a ljo|aixho cj| jdkh}a~j| rth}homamj|/



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<7/ / / / / / / / /

Lxgmtj <

Ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/

Nxho}h; Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; <6/

</4%% Naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Rgtg wxá |h h~gcûg

Nxh \lta~ho &71>9! wxaho h|}gdchlaü cg manhtholaglaüo lcç|alg ho}th h~gcxglajoh| njteg}a~g| q

|xeg}a~g|/ –Cg| rtaehtg| rth}homho amho}analgt wxá hcheho}j| |jo mhnala}gtaj| ho xo rtjitgeg q

lxçch| |jo cj| g|rhl}j| wxh rxhmho maogea{gt|h rgtg |x ehkjtg/ \jo rxh| h~gcxglajoh| lxqg

naogcamgm h| cg ehkjtg mhc rtjitgeg h~gcxgmj/ &…! Cg| |hixomg| |jo h~gcxglajoh| ho cg| wxh |h

rth}homh mh}hteaogt hc oa~hc mh lgcamgm mh xo rtjitgeg rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht xog ~gcjtglaüo ûc}aeg

mhc ea|ej# mhc }arj Daho*Egc h~gcxgmj# h|}gdchlahomj xo |a|}heg mh 33thomalaüo mh lxho}g|?? j

gxma}jtåg mh cg njteglaüo― &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; 8<!/

Rgtg thlgdgt aonjteglaüo wxh rhtea}g ehkjtgt hc rtjitgeg |h ohlh|a}g aonjteglaüo eç| mh}gccgmg#

nthlxho}heho}h ljo cg grjt}glaüo mh manhtho}h| aercalgmj|# wxh jnth{lgo xog ~a|aüo hotawxhlamg

mhc rtjitgeg/ \ao hedgtij# rgtg rjmht h|}gdchlht xog ~gcjtglaüo mhc rtjitgeg q }jegt

Ljerjoho}hJdkh}j mh cg h~gcxglaüo

Naogcamgm mh cg

h~gcxglaüo

Gxmaholag| j

ljchl}a~j|

aercalgmj|

Nxho}h| h

Ao|}txeho}j|

mh Aonjteglaüo

Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg

mh aonjteglaüo

Goçca|a| mh cg

aonjteglaüo

Manx|aüo mh cg

Aonjteglaüo

Lxh|}aüoºWxá |h h~gcûg:

ºRgtg wxá |h h~gcûg:

ºWxaáo jtaho}g j holgtig cg

h~gcxglaüo:

ºWxaáo thgca{g cg h~gcxglaüo:

ºWxá gxmaholag| h|}ço ae%

rcalgmg|:

ºWxá aonjteglaüo |h th%

wxahth:

ºG wxaáo |h ch mhegomg:

ºLüej |h thljih cg aonjt%

eglaüo:

ºLxçomj |h thljih cg aonjt%

eglaüo:

ºLüej |h gogca{g q |ao}h}a{g

cg aonjteglaüo:

ºWxaáo }ahoh mhthlfj mh gl%

lh|j g cg aonjteglaüo:

ºLüej |h hcgdjtgo cj| ao%

njteh| mh h~gcxglaüo:

Naogcamgm*]gthgAmho}analgt cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mhc jdkh}j g h~gcxgt/

Amho}analgt cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo; mh|mh thlgdgt aonjt%

eglaüo rgtg ehkjtgt# fg|}g |x|}ho}gt cg }jeg mh mhla|ajoh|

ho rtjlh|j| mh thomalaüo mh lxho}g|/

Amho}analgt hc itgmj q }arj mh th|rjo|gdacamgm rjcå}alg q gm%

eaoa|}tg}a~g mh wxaho holgtig cg h~gcxglaüo/

Amho}analgt wxaáo ~g g |ht hc th|rjo|gdch mh cch~gt g lgdj hc

rtjlh|j mh h~gcxglaüo/

Amho}analgt cj| gl}jth| mhc rtjlh|j wxh |h ~g g h~gcxgt rgtg

mhnaoat |x tjc ho hc Rcgo mh H~gcxglaüo/

Amho}analgt lxçc h| cg aonjteglaüo ~htmgmhtgeho}h thch~go}h

rgtg hc rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j/

Amho}analgt wxaáo rxhmh grjt}gt cg aonjteglaüo thch~go}h/

Mhlamat glhtlg mh cg ]áloalg H~gcxg}a~g j Ao|}txeho}j mh Ehmamg

eç| gmhlxgmj rgtg cch~gt g lgdj cg thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo/

]hoahomj ho lxho}g cj| jdkh}a~j| q naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo#

mhlamat lxçch| |jo cj| ejeho}j| lcg~h ho wxh |h mhdh

thljiht cg aonjteglaüo/

Mhlamat lxçch| |jo cg| }áloalg| mh goçca|a| mh mg}j| eç|

gmhlxgmg|/

Amho}analgt cj| gl}jth| mhc rtjlh|j jdkh}j mh h~gcxglaüo wxh

}ahoho mhthlfj g aonjteglaüo/

Amho}analgt wxá aonjteh| mhdho thgca{gt|h q gkx|}gt |x njteg}j

mh glxhtmj g cg| lgtgl}htå|}alg| mh cg Gxmaholag g wxh |h

mataiho/




mhla|ajoh|# ljej |x ljo}aoxamgm j oj# |h ohlh|a}g aonjteglaüo mh |åo}h|a|# cj eç| jdkh}a~g rj|adch#

mg}j| wxh mho lthmadacamgm g cg mhla|aüo gmjr}gmg/

\ao hedgtij# oj |jo mj| naogcamgmh| ex}xgeho}h hvlcxqho}h|/ Gc ljo}tgtaj# ho cg egqjt rgt}h mhcg| h~gcxglajoh| |h ljedaogo gedg| naogcamgmh| &ho h~gcxglajoh| ccgegmg| eav}g|!# mh xog njteg

hwxacadtgmg j rtajta{çomj|h xog mh hccg|# |hiûo cj| lg|j|/

Ho cj| hkhercj| wxh egohkgej|# cg h~gcxglaüo wxh thgca{go ho Hc Dj|wxh h| njteg}a~g# eaho}tg|

wxh hc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg thgca{g xog h~gcxglaüo dç|algeho}h |xeg}a~g/

</<%% Gxmaholag| j ljchl}a~j| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo

Xog ~h{ mhnaoamj| cj| mj| ljerjoho}h| nxomgeho}gch| h|}ço rcgo}hgmj| cj| racgth| mhc rcgo mhh~gcxglaüo/ Hc |aixaho}h hcheho}j g mhlamat h| wxaáo h|}gtç aercalgmj ho cg h~gcxglaüo# wxaáoh|

|htço cg| gxmaholag| ljo|amhtgmg|# q ljo wxá tjc/

Hc ljolhr}j mh –aercalgmj|― mhdh |ht cj eç| gercaj rj|adch &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224!/ Ho

}áteaoj| mh Yha|| &716=!# aolcxqh; –}go}j cj| eahedtj| mh cj| itxrj| wxh h|}ço rgcrgdcheho}h

gnhl}gmj| rjt hc rtjitgeg q wxh# rjt }go}j# h|}gtço |xrxh|}geho}h gnhl}gmj| rjt cg| ljolcx|ajoh|

h~gcxg}a~g|# ljej gwxhccj| eahedtj| mh cj| itxrj| wxh }jego mhla|ajoh| ho thcglaüo ljo hc nx}xtj

mhc rtjitgeg# }gch| ljej ljo}aoxgt j oj ljo cg naogolaglaüo# j wxh rxhmho gc}htgt hc rtjitgeg―/

Gercagomj }jmg~åg eç| cg thnhtholag# |h fgdcg mh –|}g`hfjcmht|―# }áteaoj wxh rxhmh mhnaoat|h

ljej – gwxáccj| ljo ao}hth|h| ho hc jdkh}a~j mh cg h~gcxglaüo# h| mhlat cj| |rjo|jt| mhc rtjitgeg#

ih|}jth| h aercheho}gmjth|# eahedtj| mh itxrj| mh h|rhlagc ao}htá|# dhohnalagtaj| mhc rtjitgeg

wxh }ahoho xo h|rglaj mhnaoamj ho |x h~gcxglaüo― &Dgt}jcjeá# 4222;=>9!/

Cg rtaehtg gxmaholag g amho}analgt h| wxaáo holgtig x jtaho}g cg h~gcxglaüo# wxaáo fg mhlamamj wxh

h|}g h~gcxglaüo |h thgca{g# q wxá th|rjo|gdacamgm }áloalg q rjcå}alg }ahoh ho hc ea|ej/ \hiûo h|}j#

rjmhej| fgdcgt mh h~gcxglajoh| ao}htog| j hv}htog|# |hiûo |hgo holgtigmg| rjt gcixaho

aercalgmj j oj ho hc rtjitgeg/

Cg |hixomg gxmaholag lcg~h h| wxaáo ~g g thgca{gt hnhl}a~geho}h cg h~gcxglaüo/ ^jc~hej| gholjo}tgt gwxå cg manhtholaglaüo ho}th h~gcxglajoh| ao}htog| j hv}htog|# |hiûo |hgo mh|gttjccgmg|

rjt rht|jog| aercalgmg| j gkhog| gc rtjitgeg/

Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| thgca{gmg rjt gcixaho hv}htoj gc rtjitgeg grjt}g lthmadacamgm q

jdkh}a~amgm# g|å ljej xog ~a|aüo –mh|mh nxhtg― exq hotawxhlhmjtg rgtg hc rtjitgeg/ Lxgomj cg

h~gcxglaüo |h thgca{g rjt cg rht|jog j hc hwxarj wxh mh|gttjccg hc rtjitgeg grjt}g xo ljojlaeaho}j

ho rtjnxomamgm mhc rtjitgeg q mh cg |a}xglaüo ho wxh |h mh|gttjccg# ljo rgx}g| h|rhlagceho}h

û}ach| rgtg cg ehkjtg mhc ea|ej/

Lgmg h|}tg}hiag }ahoh ~ho}gkg| h aoljo~hoaho}h|/ Cg mhla|aüo g gmjr}gt mhrhomh mhc jdkh}j q cgnaogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| |xeg}a~g# q rth}homh lgcanalgt hc rtjitgeg q

}jegt mhla|ajoh| th|rhl}j g ác &rjt hkhercj# ~aolxcgmg| g |x ljo}aoxamgm!# cg h~gcxglaüo hv}htog



/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EGOXGC MH HMXLGLAÜO AO]HTLXC]XTGC 4<</ / / / / / / / /

grjt}g eç| lthmadacamgm/ Lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo h| njteg}a~g# xog rht|rhl}a~g ao}htog rxhmh grjt}gt

aonjteglaüo eç| |aioanalg}a~g rgtg cg ehkjtg/

Fgq j}tg| mj| gxmaholag| ljo tjch| manhtholagmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo;

%% Cg| nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo; ~gtag| mh cg| gxmaholag| aercalgmg| ho hc rtjitgeg &hwxarj

hmxlg}a~j# gcxeoj| q gcxeog|# rht|jogc oj mjlho}h# ho}amgmh| hv}htog|# ngeacag|…!

rxhmho grjt}gt aonjteglaüo exq |aioanalg}a~g |jdth hc rtjitgeg h ao}hth|go}h rgtg cg

h~gcxglaüo/ \jo nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo# mh cg| wxh fgdcgthej| eç| }gtmh/

%% Mh|}aog}gtaj| mh cg aonjteglaüo h~gcxg}a~g/ Rgtgchcgeho}h# fgq gxmaholag| g cg| wxh |h

thea}atç hc aonjteh mh h~gcxglaüo/ Ho lgmg lg|j |h mhlamatç wxaáoh| |jo# rhtj |aherth

fgq |}g`hfjcmht| aonjtegmj| mh cj| th|xc}gmj| mh cg h~gcxglaüo/

Icjdgceho}h# ho cg ljonaixtglaüo mh cj| aercalgmj| ho cg h~gcxglaüo fgq mj| rht|rhl}a~g|/ Ho xoj|lg|j|# |jo h~gcxglajoh| ljjtmaogmg| rjt xog rht|jog j xo hwxarj thmxlamj &ao}htoj j hv}htoj g cg

ho}amgm!# wxh mhlamh ho wxá |h ~g g lho}tgt &mhlamh cj| lta}htaj|!# wxá aonjteglaüo ohlh|a}g rgtg

hccj# q g wxaáo |h cg ~g g rhmat/ Cj| mheç| ljchl}a~j| |h aercalgo ljej nxho}h| mh aonjteglaüo# j oa

|awxahtg |jo ljo|amhtgmj|/ Ho j}tj| lg|j|# |h ljonaixtg xo ljea}á mh h~gcxglaüo# cj eç| gercaj

rj|adch# ljo thrth|ho}glaüo mh cj| ma|}ao}j| itxrj| mh |}g`hfjcmht|/ Cg| mhla|ajoh| |jdth wxá |h

~g g h~gcxgt# ljo wxá lta}htaj|# wxá aonjteglaüo |h thwxahth rgtg hccj# g wxaáo |h ch ~g g rhmat… |h

gmjr}go ho hc |hoj mh h|}j| ljea}á|# mh njteg wxh lgmg ljchl}a~j rxhmh oj |ücj jraogt th|rhl}j

gc rtjitgeg# |aoj mhlamat th|rhl}j g wxá wxahth jraogt q rjt wxá/

Oxh~geho}h# ~g g |ht hc jdkh}j q cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo cj| wxh ~go g egtlgt cg h|}tg}hiag

gmhlxgmg/ Rhtj h| h~amho}h wxh xog h|}tg}hiag rgt}alarg}a~g ho cg rtjrag h~gcxglaüo ljo}tadxatç gc

mh|gttjccj mh cg| gl}a}xmh| mh rgt}alarglaüo# aercalglaüo# }jchtgolag# ~gcjtglaüo mh cg manhtholag# wxh

|h wxahtho mh|gttjccgt ho cj| rtjitgeg| ao}htlxc}xtgch|/ Mh h|}g njteg# ljej mhlågej|

go}htajteho}h# cg h~gcxglaüo h| nxho}h mh ehkjtg# oj |ücj rjt cg| ljolcx|ajoh| q thljehomglajoh|

wxh grjt}g# |aoj }gedaáo rjt hc lgtçl}ht njteg}a~j mhc rtjraj rtjlh|j h~gcxg}a~j/ Mh h|}g njteg#

mhlamat |jdth wxá rht|rhl}a~g |h ~g g gdjtmgt |jdth hc rtjitgeg# q lxçch| |htço cj| lta}htaj| wxh |h

x}aca{gtço rgtg fglhtcj# |xrjoh ljo|ho|xgt ho hc ljea}á mh h~gcxglaüo wxá |h ho}ahomh rjt xo

rtjitgeg mh lgcamgm# rjt xo dxho rtjitgeg mh hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc# mh|mh ma|}ao}j| honjwxh|#

}go}j rjcå}alj|# ljej rhmgiüialj|/

Xo hcheho}j gmalajogc g ljo|amhtgt |jo cj| lj|}h|/ Xog h~gcxglaüo hv}htog }ahoh xo lj|}h h~amho}h

&hc lj|}h mh cg herth|g h~gcxgmjtg!/ Rhtj xog h~gcxglaüo ao}htog }ahoh hc lj|}h ehoj| h~amho}h mhc

h|nxht{j q hc }aherj mhmalgmj g hccg# q á|}h |h aoltheho}g lxgo}j eç| rgt}alarg}a~g h| cg

h~gcxglaüo/ H|}h hcheho}j mhdh |ht ljo|amhtgmj go}h| mh }jegt mhla|ajoh| |jdth h|}g lxh|}aüo#

rxh| oj h| mh|mh÷gdch hc }aherj wxh |h herchgtç rgtg cg h~gcxglaüo# q |a |h wxahth grj|}gt rjt xo

ma|h÷j rgt}alarg}a~j }gedaáo cj| aercalgmj| mhdho rgt}alargt ho cg mhla|aüo mh aercalgt|h/ Cg|

~ho}gkg| |jo h~amho}h|# rhtj cj| ljomalajogo}h| mhdho |ht }gedaáo gogca{gmj|/ Cg nxolaüo mh cg

ljjtmaoglaüo# ho h|}j| lg|j|# gmwxahth xo rgrhc nxomgeho}gc# }go}j rjt cg maogea{glaüo mh

nxolajoh| ljej rjt cg g}holaüo g cg hnalaholag mh cj| rtjlh|j|/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<=/ / / / / / / / /

\a th}jegej| cj| hkhercj| go}htajth|# cg h~gcxglaüo thgca{gmg ho hc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh h| ao}htog%

ao}htog# eaho}tg| wxh cg h~gcxglaüo mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg fg |amj mhlamamg mh|mh mho}tj mhc

lho}tj# rhtj rjmtåg |ht thgca{gmg }go}j mh njteg ao}htog ljej hv}htog/

</=%% Nxho}h| h ao|}txeho}j| mh aonjteglaüo

Cg aonjteglaüo g thljiht h| hc hcheho}j oxlchgt mh cg h~gcxglaüo/ Cg mhla|aüo |h mhta~g mhc jdkh}j q

cg naogcamgm mh cg h~gcxglaüo# mh cj| lta}htaj| h|}gdchlamj| go}htajteho}h# rhtj h| ho h|}h ejeho}j

lxgomj |h }jego cg| mhla|ajoh| jrhtg}a~g| mh cg h~gcxglaüo/

Cg rthixo}g h|; ºwxá aonjteglaüo ohlh|a}j rgtg rjmht th|rjomht g cj| lta}htaj| mh lgcamgm

h|}gdchlamj| go}htajteho}h: Rgtg ~gcjtgt# rjt hkhercj# cg rht}aoholag mhc rtjitgeg icjdgc mh

hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc wxh fg ma|h÷gmj hc hwxarj hmxlg}a~j mh Hc Dj|wxh# ºwxá aonjteglaüo |hthwxahth:# ºho wxá |h ljolth}g ~gcjtgt –|a hc rtjitgeg th|rjomh g cg| ohlh|amgmh| mhc ljo}hv}j―:#

ºwxaáo mhdh mgt h|}g aonjteglaüo:# ºlüej:

Cg rtaehtg thnchvaüo g fglht h| wxh cg aonjteglaüo mhdh |ht thch~go}h q rht}aoho}h0 h| mhlat# mhdh

thgceho}h mgt th|rxh|}g g cg| rthixo}g| rcgo}hgmg|# mhdh |ht~at rgtg ~gcjtgt cj| lta}htaj|

|hchllajogmj|/ Gmheç|# cg aonjteglaüo mhdh |ht gmhlxgmg# h| mhlat# mhdh |ht nagdch q ~çcamg

&rjtwxh cj |jo cj| ao|}txeho}j|=8 q cg| nxho}h|! q thljihtcg mhdh |ht ~agdch &ho mheg|agmg|

jlg|ajoh| |h ma|h÷go h~gcxglajoh| mheg|agmj eaoxlaj|g|# wxh grjt}go aonjteglaüo wxh

naogceho}h oj h| gogca{gmg!/

Xog ~h{ ca|}gmg cg aonjteglaüo g thljiht# hc hwxarj mh h~gcxglaüo mhdh mhlamat g wxaáo |h cg ~g g

rhmat &nxho}h|! q lüej &ao|}txeho}j|!/ Ho cg egqjt rgt}h mh cj| lg|j|# fgq ~gtag| jrlajoh|/ Rjt

hkhercj# th|rhl}j g cg gmhlxglaüo mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg rjmtågo aonjtegt cj|

egh|}tj|*g|# hc hwxarj mathl}a~j# q cj| gcxeoj|*g|# gc ehoj|# q rjmtågo fglhtcj ehmago}h xo

lxh|}ajogtaj j ehmago}h xog }áloalg eç| lxgca}g}a~g ljej xo itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo j xog g|gedchg/

ºHo nxolaüo mh wxá hchiat:

Ho rtaolaraj# |h rxhmh hchiat cg nxho}h eç| gmhlxgmg &ho nxolaüo mh |x ljojlaeaho}j mh cg

aonjteglaüo wxh grjt}g# ho h|}h lg|j rjmtågej| hchiat g cj| egh|}tj| q egh|}tg| aercalgmj|! q hcao|}txeho}j eç| gmhlxgmj &|hiûo cg aonjteglaüo ljolth}g mh wxh |h }tg}h q hc oûehtj mh

egh|}tj|*g| aercalgmj|# rjmtåg |ht rjt lxh|}ajogtaj j rjt itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo!/

Lxgomj cj| thlxt|j| cj rhtea}ho# h| ao}hth|go}h jr}gt rjt cg }tagoixcglaüo/ Cg }tagoixcglaüo h| hc

x|j ljedaogmj mh nxho}h| j ao|}txeho}j| manhtho}h| rgtg jd}hoht cg ea|eg aonjteglaüo# ljo cg

ao}holaüo mh jd}hoht xog ~a|aüo eç| talg q rtjnxomg mhc nhoüehoj ho lxh|}aüo/

=8 Xo ao|}txeho}j h| ~çcamj lxgomj –eamh cj wxh rth}homh ehmat― q h| nagdch lxgomj –h|

ljo|a|}ho}h q h|}gdch ho cg| ehmalajoh| wxh grjt}g―/ Rgtgchcgeho}h# xog nxho}h h| ~çcamglxgomj grjt}g cg aonjteglaüo wxh malh grjt}gt &q oj j}tg lj|g! q h| nagdch lxgomj cg aonjteglaüo

wxh mg h| ljo|a|}ho}h q h|}gdch/




%% Fgdcgtågej| mh }tagoixcglaüo mh nxho}h| |a rgtg thljiht aonjteglaüo th|rhl}j g cg

gmhlxglaüo mh cj| ljerjoho}h| mhc rtjitgeg rthixo}gej| gc hwxarj mathl}a~j# g cj|

egh|}tj| q egh|}tg|# q g cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog|/

%% Fgdcgtågej| mh }tagoixcglaüo mh ao|}txeho}j| |a rgtg thljiht h|}g aonjteglaüox}aca{gej| mj| ao|}txeho}j|# ljej hc lxh|}ajogtaj q hc itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo g egh|}tj| q

egh|}tg|# |hiûo |h÷gcçdgej| go}h|/

Ho h|}j| lg|j|# hc ma|h÷j mh cj| ao|}txeho}j| mhdh thnchkgt h|}g ao}holaüo mh }tagoixcgt# mh njteg

wxh cg| lxh|}ajoh| rcgo}hgmg|# ho cg ehmamg ho wxh |hg gmhlxgmj# |h njtexcho g cg| manhtho}h|

nxho}h| j ho cj| ma|}ao}j| ao|}txeho}j|# ljo hc jdkh}a~j mh ltx{gt cj| mg}j| ho cg ng|h mh goçca|a|/

Ho lxgo}j gc }arj mh ao|}txeho}j|# ho cg h~gcxglaüo |h x}aca{go mh|mh ho}th~a|}g|#

jd|ht~glaüo q gx}jaonjteh|# fg|}g }h|}|# lxh|}ajogtaj| q thkaccg| mh jd|ht~glaüo/ Gogca{gtcj| hvlhmh

ljo exlfj cg| rj|adacamgmh| mh h|}h lgrå}xcj# rhtj cg ma|qxo}a~g wxh |h rcgo}hg gc hwxarj h~gcxgmjth| |aherth cg ea|eg; j daho thljiht rjlg aonjteglaüo mh exlfj| aonjtego}h| &rjt hkhercj# rg|gt

xo lxh|}ajogtaj g cj| <22 gcxeoj| mhc lho}tj!# j daho thljiht exlfg aonjteglaüo mh xoj| rjlj|

aonjtego}h| &rjt hkhercj# jtigoa{gt xo itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo ljo cj| mhchigmj| q mhchigmg| mh

lcg|h!/ Ho exlfj| lg|j|# cg mhla|aüo mhrhomh mh cg lgo}amgm mh aonjtego}h| g cj| wxh |h wxahtg

cchigt/ Gmheç|# |jo aerjt}go}h| j}tj| lta}htaj| &Kjtoh}# \xçth{ q Rhtgch|# 4224; 6>!;

%% Gmhlxglaüo gc }arj mh aonjteglaüo g thljiht

%% Lta}htaj| }áloalj%eh}jmjcüialj| &nagdacamgm q ~gcamh{!# q

%% Jrjt}xoamgm; cg cjiå|}alg mh cg h~gcxglaüo &~agdacamgm# thcglajogdacamgm# gmgr}glaüo g cj|

ljchl}a~j|…!/

Xo hcheho}j ao}hth|go}h g rcgo}hgt ho h|}h ejeho}j h| hc rgrhc mh cj| gcxeoj| q gcxeog| ho h|}h

rtjlh|j/ Ho |x tjc }tgmalajogc mh gcxeoj|# |h rxhmh rho|gt ho x}aca{gt xog h|lgcg mh gl}a}xmh|# j

xog rtxhdg mh thomaeaho}j &mh xo }arj |aeacgt gc wxh |h x}acalh fgda}xgceho}h ho hc gxcg! rgtg

ljertjdgt |a |h fgo ljo|hixamj cj| jdkh}a~j| mhc rtjitgeg/ Qhomj eç| gccç# |h rxhmho ao}hitgt

}áloalg| mh gx}jh~gcxglaüo j mh h~gcxglaüo rjt aixgch| rgtg thljiht h|}g ea|eg aonjteglaüo# mh

njteg ljercheho}gtag &}tagoixcgomj!/ ]go}j cg gx}jtthnchvaüo# ljej cg h~gcxglaüo rjt aixgch| q cg

h~gcxglaüo ho itxrj rhtea}ho gmheç| cg rgt}alarglaüo mh cj| gcxeoj| mh|mh |x ~a|aüo |jdth hc

mh|gttjccj mhc rtjitgeg# mh cg aoncxholag wxh h|}ç }hoahomj ho |x egohtg mh ~ht cg ao}htlxc}xtgcamgm#cg| manhtholag| q cg| mh|aixgcmgmh|# h aolcx|j mh cg lgrglamgm mhc rtjitgeg rgtg th|rjomht g |x|

aowxah}xmh| |jdth hc }heg/

Rgtgchcgeho}h rjmhej| gogca{gt hc tjc mh cj| rtjnh|jth| q rtjnh|jtg| ho cg h~gcxglaüo#

aoma~amxgceho}h# ljej ljchl}a~j# q ho cj| hwxarj| mh mathllaüo/ Cg h~gcxglaüo rxhmh ljo~ht}at|h

g|å ho xo rtjlh|j mh th~a|aüo mh cg rtjrag rtçl}alg# mh|mh cg cüialg mhc rtjnh|ajogc thnchva~j mh

\fþo# gogca{gomj aoma~amxgceho}h q ho itxrj &|hiûo |h mhlamg! cj| ma|}ao}j| hcheho}j| aercalgmj|

ho hc rtjitgeg# lxh|}ajogomj aolcx|j hc ma|h÷j mhc rtjitgeg# |x rht}aoholag# cg thch~golag mh cj|

jdkh}a~j| wxh rcgo}hg… lxh|}ajoh| á|}g| nthlxho}heho}h jd~agmg| lxgomj cg h~gcxglaüo |h lho}tg

ho lta}htaj| mh hnalglag q hnalaholag/



// / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /GRTHOMAHOMJ G \HT AIXGCH\/4<>/ / / / / / / / /

\a |jo cj| mjlho}h| wxahoh| camhtgo q mh|gttjccgo cg h~gcxglaüo# ljo cg rgt}alarglaüo mh j}tg| gxmaholag|#

}ahoho xog jrjt}xoamgm rta~achiagmg rgtg gogca{gt |x th|rjo|gdacamgm q |x rj}holagc mh lgedaj/ Hccj|

mhlamho wxá |xlhmh ho |x gxcg# lüej ch mgo rtajtamgm j oj g lxh|}ajoh| ljej cg ao}htlxc}xtgc# rjt wxá cj

fglho# lüej |h ljjtmaogo h|g| mhla|ajoh| ljo cg| mh j}tj| ljerg÷htj| q ljerg÷htg|… q h|j |h}tgmxlh ho cg ~a|aüo mhc exomj wxh |h ljo|}txqh ho cg| gxcg|# q wxh |gcmtç mh hccg|/ Cg h~gcxglaüo h|# ho

thgcamgm# xog jrjt}xoamgm rgtg gogca{gt |a|}heç}algeho}h }jmj h|}j/

</8%% Ejeho}j| mh thljiamg mh aonjteglaüo

Ho nxolaüo mh cg| mhla|ajoh| go}htajth|# |h rth~á lxçomj |h thljihtç cg aonjteglaüo h~gcxg}a~g;

go}h|# mxtgo}h j mh|rxá| mhc rtjitgeg/ G|å# rjt hkhercj# cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjlh|j rxhmh thwxhtat

thljiht# ho hc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# cg ~gcjtglaüo mhc egh|}tj j egh|}tg th|rjo|gdch mh itxrj

th|rhl}j g lgmg xog mh cg| gl}a~amgmh| hv}htog| mh|gttjccgmg| ho hc lho}tj# mho}tj mh cg |hegog|aixaho}h g |x thgca{glaüo/

</>%% Goçca|a| q |åo}h|a| mh cg aonjteglaüo

Ho nxolaüo mh wxh |h fgqgo thljiamj cj| <22 lxh|}ajogtaj| mh gcxeoj| j cg| }tgo|ltarlajoh| mhc

itxrj mh ma|lx|aüo ljo cj| mhchigmj| q mhchigmg| mh lxt|j# |htç ohlh|gtaj gogca{gt q |ao}h}a{gt

h|g aonjteglaüo mh xog x j}tg njteg/ Cg| }áloalg| lxgo}a}g}a~g| j lxgca}g}a~g|# cg h|}gmå|}alg j hc

goçca|a| mh ljo}hoamj# rhtea}atço hv}tght cg| ljolcx|ajoh| eç| |aioanalg}a~g| ho lgmg lg|j/

</9%% Manx|aüo mh cg aonjteglaüo/

Xo hcheho}j nxomgeho}gc g mhlamat h| wxaáo ~g g }hoht mhthlfj mh gllh|j g cg aonjteglaüo

h~gcxg}a~g# g cj| aonjteh|/ Ho hc lg|j mhc lho}tj Rgdcj Ohtxmg# ljo xog h~gcxglaüo |xeg}a~g mh cg|

gl}a~amgmh| thgca{gmg| rjt ho}amgmh| hv}htog|# hc aonjteh |htç ho}thigmj gc hwxarj mathl}a~j wxh cj

holgtiü/ Ho hc lg|j mh h~gcxglajoh| njteg}a~g|# ljej cg mhc lho}tj Hc Dj|wxh# h| thljehomgdch

mh~jc~ht aonjteglaüo g }jmg| cg| gxmaholag|0 h|}j# gmheç| ljo}tadxatç g maogea{gt cg ehkjtg mhc

rtjitgeg# q thnjt{gtç cg rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmj| q }jmg|/Cg h~gcxglaüo# mh h|}g njteg# }hteaog |x lalcj |ahomj njteg}a~g# thljiahomj cg| |xihtholag| mh

ehkjtg grjt}gmg| rjt }jmj| q }jmg|# ljo hc goçca|a| q cg thnchvaüo naogc mh }jmj| th|rhl}j g lüej fg

nxolajogmj hc rtjitgeg ho |x| manhtho}h| maeho|ajoh|/ Mhlamat lüej |h ~g g ih|}ajogt cg

rgt}alarglaüo mh }jmg| cg| gxmaholag| ho cg h~gcxglaüo mhrhomh# ljej |h makj gc rtaolaraj# mh |x

jdkh}j q naogcamgm0 rhtj h| h~amho}h wxh maogea{gt cg rgt}alarglaüo |htç ho |å ea|eg xog h|}tg}hiag

rgtg mh|gttjccgt cg ~a|aüo ljertjeh}amg q ltå}alg rtjrag mh cg hmxlglaüo ao}htlxc}xtgc/





%% Gxdht}# G/0 Mxwxh# H/0 Na|g|# E/0 ^gcc|# T/ &422=!/ Magcjigt q ]tgo|njtegt/ Rhmgijiåg ltå}alg mhc

|aicj VVA/ Dgtlhcjog; Itgü/%% Dgt}jcjeá# E/ q Lgdthtg# N/ &4222!/ Oxh~g| }homholag| ho cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| mh

hmxlglaüo exc}alxc}xtgc/ Th~a|}g mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo Hmxlg}a~g# 76 &4!# =><%=91/

%% Mh Eaixhc# E/ &4222!/ Cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg| |jlagch|; nxomgeho}j| q honjwxh| }hütalj|/

Th~a|}g mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo Hmxlg}a~g# 76 &4!# 461%<76/

%% Mhcjt|# K/ &7119!/ Cg hmxlglaüo holahttg xo }h|jtj/ Aonjteh g cg Xoh|lj mh cg Ljea|aüo

Ao}htoglajogc |jdth cg Hmxlglaüo rgtg hc |aicj VVA/ Rgtå|; Xoh|lj

%% H||jedg# E/G/ &Hm! &4229!/ Ljo|}txat cg h|lxhcg ao}htlxc}xtgc / Dgtlhcjog; Itgü/

%% Nhtoçomh{ Dgcch|}htj|# T/ &Hm/! &7118!/ H~gcxglaüo mh Rtjitgeg|/ Xog Ixåg Rtçl}alg ho Çeda}j|

\jlagch|# Hmxlg}a~j| q mh \gcxm / Egmtam; \åo}h|a|/

%% Kjtoh}# K/E/ q Chq~g# Q/H/ &4221!/ Ljolhr}j|# eh}jmjcjiåg q rtjnh|ajogca{glaüo ho cg h~gcxglaüohmxlg}a~g/ Eávalj; Ao|}a}x}j Ao}htoglajogc mh Ao~h|}aiglaüo mh ]hlojcjiåg Hmxlg}a~g/

%% Kjtoh}# K/E/# \xçth{# K/E/ q Rhtgch|# E/K/ &4224!/ Ixåg rtçl}alg rgtg cg h~gcxglaüo mh rtjitgeg|

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mh xo nx}xtj maioj# rgtg }jmg cg Fxegoamgm/







GRTHOMAG \HT AIEGOXGCHMXLGLAAO]HTLX



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Manual de Educación Intercultural: Aprendiendo a ser Iguales