MAO AND CHINAChapter 14, section 3

Collapse of Imperial Rule!

WHAT WAS THE ROLE OF FOREIGNERS IN CHINA CIRCA 1900? Controlled trade and economic

resources Extraterritorial rights Economic imperialism and spheres of

influence

WHAT WERE THE CHINESE RESOLVED TO DO AS A RESULT OF FOREIGN CONTROL? Modernize Appeal to nationalism (just like what

country we studied??) Revolt!!

Nationalists overthrow the dynasty

WHEN THE NATIONALISTS TOOK CONTROL OF CHINA THEY DECLARED “THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE”. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? The nationalist party or Kuomintang,

called for:Nationalism: end to foreign controlPeople’s rights: democracyPeople’s livelihood: economic security

WHY DID THE NATIONALISTS FAIL? Sun Yixian lacked authority and military

support to secure national unity New ruler came in who became a

military dictator Betrayed the three principles of the

people/ideals of the revolutionLed to civil wars

WHAT WAS THE CHINESE LANDSCAPE LIKE DURING WW1? Peasants suffered Armies terrorize countryside Famines Weak leadership

WHEN WW1 ENDED WITH TREATY OF VERSAILLES, WHO GAINED CONTROL OF TERRITORY IN CHINA? Japan!

HOW DID THE CHINESE RESPOND TO JAPANESE CONTROL? Outrage! 1914 student demonstrations Spread to national movement: the May

4th Movement

WHAT WAS THE US/SU ROLE IN CHINA? The US didn’t support the nationalist

movement because it was no longer democratic in ideals

SU sent aid, equipment, advisors 1923

WHY DID JINAG JIESHI COME TO POWER IN 1925?WHY DIDN’T HE SUPPORT THE COMMUNISTS? Sun Yixian died Didn’t want socialist economy—his

followers were bankers and business people

WHAT DID JIESHI END UP DOING TO THE COMMUNISTS? Murder Wiping out all communists Survivors had to go in hiding

HOW DID THE US AND SU RESPOND TO JIESHI’S NATIONAL REPUBLIC OF CHINA? US-support (“democratic”) SU-not supportive any longer

Why?

HOW DID THE PEASANTS RESPOND TO JIESHI? Mad! Switched to communist party because

Jieshi promises fell short, corrupt

WHAT DID MAO DO TO ENCOURAGE PEASANTS TO JOIN THE COMMUNISTS? Divided land among local farmers How do you think the peasants

responded?Encouraged more supporters

HOW POWERFUL DID MAO THINK THE PEASANTS WERE? Turn to page 403, purple box, and find

out Mao thought that the peasants couldn’t

be stopped“They will bury beneath them all forces of

imperialism, militarism, corrupt officialdom, village bosses and evil gentry.”

DURING CIVIL WAR BETWEEN COMMUNISTS AND NATIONALISTS IN 1930, WHY DID MAO AND COMMUNISTS TAKE THE LONG MARCH? Look it up with a partner! I’ll call people up to write responses They felt defeated Jiang army surrounded Maos army and

they retreated 6000 miles Jiangs army followed them for a year –John

Tiers

LONG MARCH ACTIVITY Design a memorial paying tribute to the

thousands of Chinese people who lost their lives during the Long March

OR tell us what it would look like (statue of what? What would the info say?)

Think about…the life of the peasants and what Mao must have meant to them

EXIT TICKET Explain the plight of the peasants in

China circa 1900-1930

WHY DID JAPAN INVADE CHINA IN 1930 DURING THE CIVIL WARS? Took advantage of the power struggle

that was going on in China Remember, Japan had already become

an imperial power

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE CIVIL WAR AFTER JAPAN INVADED? Civil war grounds to a halt Temporarily united in order to fight the

Japanese during WW2

17-2Communists Triumph in China

HOW DID THE CLOSE OF WW2 EFFECT CHINA? Nationalists and communists resumed

their fight for control of the country(1946-1949)

By 1945, Mao’s Red Army had great control in NorthEfforts to teach literacy and improve food

productionpeasant loyalty to communists Jiang’s Nationalist forces dominated

southwestern ChinaUS maintained support of Jiang through

aidmoney typically went to corrupt officials

HOW DID THE CIVIL WAR END? Mao’s promises to the peasants paid off

—large quantities of Nationalist soldiers turn to the Communists

In 1949 Mao proclaimed the People’s Republic of ChinaNationailsts retreat to island of Taiwan

Fueled US anti-Communist feelings Feelings escalated after Chinese and

Soviets signed treaty of friendship in 1950

WHY WOULD THE US CARE THAT CHINA WENT COMMUNIST?? Viewed China’s transformation as

another step in the Communist campaign to conquer the worldUS aids the Nationalists on TaiwanSU maintain support of Communist China

WHAT DID COMMUNIST CHINA DO? Expanded into Mongolia and Tibet Wanted to restore China as a powerful nation Mao redistributed land to peasants and forced

peasants to join collective farms (consisting of 200-300 households) His forces killed more than a million landlords who

resisted this policy Made women fully equal in the home and in

workplace Instituted state-sponsored child care

Nationalized China’s industries (brought them under gov. ownership) Production soared

CREATION OF COMMUNES Mao’s “Great Leap Forward”

Called for larger collective farms, or communes By 1958, 26, 000 communes, each one sprawling over

15,000 acres and supporting over 25,000 people Strict control of life Ate together in dining halls, slept in communal dorms,

raised children in communal nurseries Owned nothing

Peasants had no incentive to work hard when only state profited from their labor

Many hated living in the huge, impersonal communes Crop failures occurfamines, killing 20 million people Government officially discontinued the program in

1961

LIFE IN ONE OF CHINA’S LAST COMMUNES… Read the BBC article independently or

with a partner sitting next to you Answer the following questions:

Why were communes created in China?Why did they fail? Why were they

disbanded?What are some of the benefits of living on

this commune in Nanjie?Why are many outsiders envious of those

living in Nanjie? If you were an ousider of Nanjie, would you

be envious? Why or why not?

NANJIE COMMUNEhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8278128.stm Pay attention to this video of one of

China’s last communes: If you were a Chinese farmer, how would

you feel about living on the Nanjie commune?

What are the benefits/drawbacks?

DUE AT END OF CLASS Read page 485 (New Policies and Mao’s

Response & The Cultural Revolution)Why did the Red Guard’s call for the

Cultural Revolution?Why did it fail?

NEW POLICIES China facing many problems (failure of

communes, economic/agricultural disasters)

1960s, SU stops sending aid to the Chinese

Role of government is reduced New leaders allow farm families to live

in their own homes as opposed to communes, collective farmsElements of competition, capitalism

MAO’S RESPONSE Mao disapproved because these

economic choices weakened the Communist goal of social equality

Mao launched new campaign in 1966 urging China’s young to make revolutionStudents respond, leave the classroom,

formed militias called the Red Gaurds

THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION Major uprising led by the Red Guards

Goal: to establish a society of peasants/workers in which all were equal and cleanse China of anti-revolutionary forces

Peasants and workers were vital; life of the mind was a threat Red Guards shut down colleges and schools Intellectuals exiled, forced labor, thousands jailed

Led to widespread chaos—closed down factories and threatened farm life—movement was so destructive, caused many Chinese to distrust party leadership

Mao dissolved the Red Guards

MAO’S LEGACY Champion of the poor, united the

peasants, brought hope Encouraged industrialization Mao was China and China was Mao

BUT… Policies stifled economic growth No incentive for peasants on communes Repressive government of intellectuals

and education Yet still regarded by many as a hero

19-5China Follows Its Own Path

DENG XIAOPING Emerged as China’s leader after death of Mao

Survivor of the Long March, one of the last “old revolutionaries”

Unlike Mao, he was willing to use capitalist ideas to help the economy of China Called for Modernization: progress in agriculture,

industry, defense and science/technology Ended surviving communes and leased land to

private farmers Permitted small businesses to operate Welcomes foreign investment

Profoundly affected Chinese life—people began buying more, youth culture reflects Western influence, gleaming hotels

TIANANMEN SQUARE Increasing numbers of Chinese students

had studied the West and began to question China’s lack of political freedom

In 1989 students led an uprising at Tiananment squareDown with corruption! Down with

dictatorship! Long live democracy! Student protest wins popular support

DENG’S REACTION Instead of considering political reform,

Deng declared martial lawOrdered 250,000 troops to storm T. SquareSprayed gunfire into crowds, attacked

protestersAssault killed hundreds and wounded

thousands Attack on T. Square marked beginning of

a massive gov campaign to stamp out all protest

DENG’S LEGACY Booming economy transformed China But what about T. Square/repression??