Mappila Lahala Souvenir.pdf

8/14/2019 Mappila Lahala Souvenir.pdf

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amnfelfckmn Ishj

Inn {]knoIcWw


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t]PpI adnptm

Ncn{X]camb teJ\1. B.Pn. apwZm2. tUm. Sn.sI. cho{

Dc Wn IKmnPn, bmq_v lpssk, B\n_k vAwt_ZvI, C.Fw.Fkv., sI. am[h\mbkn. tKm]me\mb, sI.]n. tIhtat\mk.kn. ic\mb, Ipamc\mim, SmtKm

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BapJambn cp hmv

Cu kvac WnI hmb \ m cpsS ap]n Ah X cn n p hm, amn f e lf c kmnIshj Innv AXnbmb ktmjapv.

Rfm{Kln{X ka{Khpw kamIjIhpamb coXnbn CXp ]pdndm Ignnn. Fm, Hcp Imcyn Rp kwXr]vXnbpv. Ghpw B[nImcnIambn Cu hnjbspdnv FgpXnbnphcpw FgpXm Ignbphcpambn, Pohnncnphcpw acnpt]mbhcpamb Ghpa[nIw BfpIfpsS kw`mh\I CXn DsmnpXn R Ipsdtbsd hnP bnn p v. AXpw th {X bmbn Fp R n {]m b an . ka bhpw kmh Imihpw IpdpIqSn Innbncpsn, C\nbpw IpsdqSn hkvXpXI Dsmnmambncpp; Iem]cambn CXntesd tamSn]nSnnpIbpw sNmambncpp. Fm, ]cnanXamb kabn\pn, Aev]w sXcp]nSnpXs CsXmw sNtnhp. AXpaqeap A]mIXIfpw A`wKnIfpw A]cym]vXXIfpsamanXn\pv. Ahbvv apgph DchmZnXzhptasSppsImv, am]WklnXw, Cu kvacWnI RfhXcnnpIbmWv.

Cu kvacWnI ]pd ndp Xn R p Dt iyw Hm Wv. Ncn {Xh kvXp X Ishfnp sImphcWw. Ncn{Xns t]cn Cp \Sp hmkvXhhncpamb s]mfnsgppIfpw sh]qiepIfpw AhbpsS X\n\ndn s]mXpP\p hyamWw.Ncn{Xw sIpIYbmbntmImsX, Ncn{Xambns \ne\nWw. AXn\mhiyamb km[\kma{KnI AhXcnnpIbmWv ChnsS RfpsS eyw.

amnfelf \Sn v Ac\qmne[nIambn; B elfbpsS ZpxkzmZv hmbneqdn\nevph cpsS Xe apd Xosc Ap I gn nn . Ah Pohn n cn s, Ah cpsS a\ n t\ BLm XtmsSmw, DSent\ Xfpw ampt]mImsX \nevs, AhcpsS {]Xym\p`hsf]msS AhKWnpsImv, Ncn{Xw hfsmSnpXv sXmWv; ]m]amWv. Ah \nlmbcpw\ncm{ibcpambncnmw; Icpp Ic Ahsc DbnnSnmdnmbncnmw; NmfIfnepwsNpSnepIfnepw, lX`mKycmb Ah XfpsS \nanjsfngnbpIbmbncnmw; elfbn A\am \jvSs h; hn[hIfmbno h; hoSp sImnhbvs h, A`bmn I fm bn, Pohn X k kzw \jvSs h; _memm c ambn aXw am sh A cmscn Cu Ac\qmn\nSbv[nIamcpw Nnnnn; AhcpsS thmpI kwLSnXamXpsImmbncnmw Iqmbn hnet]im t]mbn v\nhp\np kwkmcnmt]mepw Ignhnm, Cu amIhn`mKns \mhmbnmWv Cu kvacWnIsb R ImWpXv. ImcWw,AhtcmSv ]hn{Xamb Hcp ISa Rpsp R IcpXpp. CXp \nhlnsSpnsn, Ftpambn AXp \nhlnsSmsX InSpw. ImcWw, Ctms ipjvInp I gn n p B Xe apd Aev] \mp n Xosc \mamh tij am Ipw. Ah cpsS i_vZwXosc \ne p t]m Ipw. B Xeap d bpsS i_vZhpw Nn{Xhpw tcJ s Sp nh bvm IgnbpAh km\ k `w CXm Wv. \msf bm bm Xosc sshIntm Ipw. ]ns \ap v, hcpw X eap dbvv, tIm \n Sh cn I, Ncn {X ns t]cn sIn abvs tkmti yamb sIp I Y IfpsS I] S i_vZw am{X am bn cn pw. AX \p h Znp Iq S. AXn\p Hsc fnb kwcw amWv CukvacWnI.

elfbpsS Xobn Icnh, tNmcbn Ipfnh, elfmcpsS aX{`mn\pw amwkZmln\pw Ccbmbh AhchcpsS A\p`h hnhcnpsImp RsgpXnb IpIfpsS {]k`mK R CXn tNnpv. mj \mmt\m tamSn]nSnnmt\mR Xp\nnn. ]Tnnmhcmbncnmw AXn ]ecpw; AhcpsS mjbpw ssienbpwA]cnjvIrXamImw; ]t AXn\v A\p`hns inbmb aWapv; BflmXbpsShyamb KpWapv. Ah, R AtX]Sn tNn pv. Ahcn GXm\pw NnecpsS t^mtmIfpw R sImSpm {iannpv. Ah Gdnb Iqdpw, cpt]scmgnsI, Cpw Pohnncn


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phcmWv. Ah A[nIhpw IqenthemcmWv; ]mhshcmWv; lcnP\fmWv CcmcpsS taemWv elfmcpsS hm hoWXv. Fnpw AhImisSpIbmWv, kzmX{yka

camsWv! IjIelfbmsWv!A\ntj[yNcn{X]WvUnXmcpsS teJ\ R CXn tNn pv. B.kn. ap

ZmdpsS teJ\w FSpp]dtbXmWv. hn{ipXNcn{XImc\mb Atlw elfbpsS ImcWsf hkvXp\njvTambn hnebncpnpv.

amnfelf IjIelfbmbncppsh {]NcWns s]mcw XnIpw ]pdpsImphcp HmWv tIcfkhIemimem Ncn{Xhn`mKw taey\mb tUm. Sn.sI. cho{s I\s teJ\w. AXvkzmX{ykacambncppsh {]kv Xmhns ASnd ampB[nImcnIhkvXpXIsf AWn\ncppv kzw teJ\n ]n. ]ctaizc, Hc\p`hkmnbpsS lrZbpSnpIfmWv tIfPnbpsS teJ\nepS\ofw tIpXv. sImmsc tZim`nam\nIfmn sh]qin, Ahv]mcntXmjnIw \evIpXnep Aajw kn.\mcmbW]nbpsS Icpp ssienbn {]ISambnmWmw.

almIhn Ipamc\mim amnfelfbpsS ]mesagpXnb Zpchbnse {]k`mK CXn \evInbnpv. IhnbpsS t\sc, aX_v{`mns AklnjvWpX At ]Shmfpbn ojWnapgn. ]t, Ihn Ddp\np; hniZoIcWw \evIn AsXmw, GSpIfn\nAtX]Sn FSpp R tNnpv, mjyhpw hymJym\hpw Hpw IqSmsXXs.

bmq_vlpssksbpw sI.]n. tIihtat\msbpw Fmw IpI, Cp ]ecpw \ntj[nm shp Ncn{XbmYmy kv]jvSambn {]Iminnp ssIhnfpIfmWv.

{ioam sI. am[h\m b cpsS ae _m Iem ] n\nv R [mcmfw D c W FSp npv. Ah bpsS B[n Im cnIkz m h amWv AXn\p ImcWw. BZym h km \w, el f bpambn t\cnp _s Hcp t\Xmhpw A\p`h\pw teJI\psa \nebn, A\ntj[yamWhbpsS {]amWaqeyw FXp \nkvXamWtm.

kzbwhmNmeamb hkvXpXIfmIsImv kvacWnIbpsS DSsn hfscsbmpw

ChnsS {]Xn ]m Znt Xn Hp am{Xw ChnsS ]d bmw. Atcm N I fpw AkpJ I c fpamb ]e kwKXnIfpw RnhnsS tcJsSptnhnpv. BcpsSbpw hnImcsfAWpshnepw {hWsSpWsavRfmcpw B{Klnnn. hmkv Xhn, CuhI kw`hsfmw Xs, A]am\t_m[tmsS Ncn{Xns NhpsImbn hensdnv, \mwHcp ]pXnb PohnXw Bcw`ntXmbncpp. ]t, \n`mKysap ]dbs, Cu ASpImekw`h t\sc adnmWv \onbXv. kwLS\m_ewsImv A[nImcw ]nSnp]m Ignh, Ncn{Xw amnadnm\pw aX{`mns _en]oTn ckmnIfmbnohcpsSkvacWsbtmepw AhtlfnpsImvA{IanIv ]pw hfbpw sImSpp _lpam\nm\pwXpSnbtm, adp`mKw hyammthn Nne \kXy Xpdp]dtbnhp. ]t,AXnsem ccw t]mepw RfpsS kz a . Ah Hmtcmpw Ncn {Xns GSp Ifn `{Zambn tcJsSpnbXpw \njv]aXnIfmb Ncn{XImcmcpsS XqenIbneqsS ]pdphh

bpamWv. Ahbvv, RfmtcmSpw am]Ww sNtXn.Ahkm\npXn\pap]v Hcp ISa Rp sNm\pv. CXn Pohnncnp \nc

h[n A\p`hkmnIfptSXmb IpI R sImSpnpv. AhcpsS t]cpw tahnemkhpw Hgnhmnbnn; ]ecpsSbpw t^mtmI tNnpv. Chcn ]ecpw AhcpsS bmiI hy am n bn cp p. Ac\q mv ]gap HmI Cpw Ahsc Ak z cm ppv. kzX{`mcXnse kzX{]ucmcmWv Xsf t_m[w Ahnpw ssIhpI gn nn . HcpXcw ]c X { X bpsS \ng en em W h cnpw Pohn p Xv. X fpsS t]cp IshfnsSpnbmsep kw`hnpsa bw Ahpv. ]t, kapZmbns a\mnPmKcqIcmsW hnizmktmsS, AklnjvWpXbpsS AXnXo{hX, hnthIns ap]nXe Ip \n m Xn cn p I bn s {]Xo tbm sS, A] Xvi I sfmpw IqSm sX, R Ah


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ChnsS AtX]Sn tNpIbmWv, Ncn{XtmSv, hkvXpnXnItfmSp \oXn]pemthn.Rsfmpw AhnthIw Imnbnnsv Ncn{Xw hn[nsbgpXpsav Ddmbn hnizknpp.

a\mnsb sRnnp Hcp A\oXnbpsS t\p hncNqnsmv, R AXnhnsS Ahkm\nnmw.

sImhvkmXen ]mcntXmjnIw e`nptm, {]Xnamkw s]j\pw Xm{a]{Xhpw e`nptm, Ah {]Xm]nIfpw ]Wmcpambn amdptm, sImshcpsS lX`mKycmb ]npdm AsXmw IpsImv, Abep sImp]pcbn PohnpsImpacnpp. CsXp \oXn? Ah kzbw tNmZnpt]mIpp. kzmX{ykacn ]sSphcmsW t]cnemWs{X s]j sImSppXv. sImSpph ]dbpXmWXv. hmph hnizknpXv adnmWv. {_nojv cWns\Xncmbn s]mcpXnbXn\, Abhslnphns\ sImXn\mWv s]j FmWhcn ]ecpw hnizknpXv! A`nam\npXv! "" Rm \mWv \o is\ sIm Xv. F\nn \nbpw s]j Inn bn n . ChnSpv AsXmpicn bm n c Ww.'' {ioam sI. ]n.tIi h ta t\ms\ kao ]n v, el f bn ]sSp Hcm

]d hmpIfmWv! s]j hmph kzmX{ykacn ]sSphcmsW [mcWbn. AtXkabw bYm ckmnI AhKWnsSpp; AhtlfnsSpp.Cu h\ XpSctWm?

Inn


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amneelf Jnem^v

{]tm`ns A\c^ew

amnfam, ]petmfw P\kwJybp HcpIqw apow atXmcmIpp. qcn`mKwZcn{Zcpw hnZymlo\cpw, {InkvXzm_vZw Fpw H]Xpw \qmpIfn ae_m ISocvXmakapdnhcpamWv. A[nIhpw Cykv{XoIsf hnhmlwIgn Ad_nIfpsS km\fm Wv. ae _m dn Ch Xma kn ph Xv GI tZiw Ccp ] Xp ew lnp fpsS CSbn emWv. aX {`m n\v ASn a s v A{I a sNp Xn Akqbm h l a m Ip{]knn Aht\Sngnnpmbncpp. {_nojv cWImev Gsdpsd A{][m\fmb apnbpIem]v Ah DchmZnIfmbn. Fm 1921 BKvamkn \S elfbmbncpp

Ghpw bcw. AXns\nbp HutZymKnIhnhcWw Xmsg Dcnpp.1921se BZyamkfn {]tm`w ]nbn\np ]nbntepw {Kman\np {Kma

ntepw AXnio{Ln hym]np. Aen ktlmZcmcpsS {]p_v[{]kwK, \nlIcWhmZw {]Ncnn ]{XfpsS kzcmPyw Bkambn F {]NcWw Jnem^v almk` Pqsseamkn AwKoIcn {]tab, ChbpsSsbmw HmsIbp ^ew {]m\s DzennpIbmbncpp. Pqsse, BKvamkfn \Snb AkwJyw Jnem^vtbmKfn Idmn almtbmKns {]tab BthitmsS Bhnsp. In,hm, Ipw apXemb Bbp[ clkyambn \nnsp. Fpw sNphm kcmbkmlknIcpsS hyql kwLSnnsp. CmanIcmjv{Sns BKa\w {]Jym]nphm Fm GmSpIfpw sNbvXp. BKv 20mw XobXn XncqcmSnbn Bbp[ tiJcnphncp Nne t\Xmmsc t]meoknsbpw ]mfnsbpw klmbtmSpIqSn XShn

]nSnphm ae_mPnm aPnkvt{S v {iantm Hcp D{Kamb t]mcmw \Sp. CtXmSpIqSnB {]tZismbnShpw elf s]sp s]mnpdsp. tdmUphgn KXmKXw XSsSpn,sSet^m InI apdnp; ]e efnepw Xohn sdbnepI \owsNbvXp. Iem]whS tmp hym]n m Xn cn p hm th Gm Sp I sNt Xn\p Pnm aPn kvt{S v tImgntm tp aS n. An mbn H Xn cnp \n Nne Bo kp Ifpw s]meokvtj\p Ifpwam{Xambncpp cWb{ns AhinjvSfmbpmbncpXv. Chsb elfm ]noSvHsm mbn ssIh i sSpn. elf _m[n {]tZ i fn\np c s Sm km[n mXncp bqtdm ] y m mK y h im Ah hfsc Ipd p t] am{Xta Dm bncp p q arKo bamb {IqcXtbmsS sImesNsp. cWw kvXw`ns DSs\ kzcmPyw m]nsp Fvamnfam DZvtLmjnp. Benapkenbm F Hcm cmPmhmbn {]Jym]nsp. Gd\mSpwhph\mSpw Cu cmPyn Ds hn`mKfmbncpp. Jnem^v Nnw Cu cmPyns

sImSnqdbmbn AwKoIcnsp. amnfamcpsS AXn{Iqcamb cu{Zw apJyambn klntnhXvKhsa, P\kwJybn qcn]ambncp \n`mKyhmmcmb lnpfmbncppIq sm e, \n_ a Xwam w, t{X sf Aip am, kv{XoIsf \n y ambn am\ w KsSpe, Krlfn \Snb sIm, Xohbvv, \ioIcWw NpcpndbpIbmsWnarKobhpw A]cnanXhpamb IncmXXzns {IqcX apgph A\nb{nXambn AhcpsS taAgnphn p. hnkvXohpw t]mphchn\p hfsc kuIcyanmXpamb Cu {]tZiv]mfwhp kam[m\w ]p\xm]npXphsc Cu bcmh XpSp.

amnft\XmmcpsS IWp{]Imcw elfmcpsS CSbn ckmn ]Zw e`nhcpsS kwJy 1000 BIpp. elf Aap Ahkcn {_nojp]mfw ]nI IfsSpnsbpw thsd kmlkIrXy \Snsbpw Ahv Bt]apv. amnfIem


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]n se {][m\ kw`h , hnti jnv A\h[n lnpfpsSta \S nb `bm \Iambt{Zml, ta Dcn Khsa v, {]kvXmh\bn hnhcn {]ImcwXs hmkvXhn

\SXmsWv, Khsans mKw tNpshp kwibnm \nhrnbnm ]ecpwncoIcnnpv. CXn\p sXfnhmbn Cu hnjbs kw_np HcpIqw tcJIfn\npNneXp am{Xw Dcnm aXnbmIpw.1. tIcf kwm\ tIm{Kkv Inn sk{I dn, tImgn tmSv Pnm tIm{Kkv Innsk{Idn, Gd\mSv Jnem^v Inn sk{Idn, {io. sI.]n tKm]metat\m Fnh Hn v{]knwsNbvX Hcp {]kvXmh\bn amnfam sNbvX XmsgmWnp A{Iasf ]cmainpp. {]tIm]\ImcWsampanmsX tIhew A\mhiyambn lnpsf ssItbwsNbvXXv; Gd\mnepw hph\mSv, s]mm\n, tImgntmSv Fo XmeppIfnse Nne mKfnepw lnpfpsS hoSpI GXmv \ntjw sImbSnXv; elfbpsS Bcw`n Nnee fn lnp sf \n_ ambn aXw am n bXpw ]noSv kzw hoSp Ihn v HmSn tmIm lnpsf IqtmsS aX]cnh\w sNbvXXpw; \ncp]{ZhnIfmb lnpsf ]pcp

jmscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw IpnIsfbpw Ah Im^namcmsW A]cm[m am{Xtam,Xamsc A]am\npItbm, ]nIfn {]thinpItbm sNbvX s]meokpImcpsS PmXnbnshcmsW ImcWmtem arKobambn sImesNbvXXv; lnpt{Xsf aen\ampIbpw AnncbmpIbpw sNbvXXv; lnpkv{XoIsf am\`wKsSpnbXpw aXwamwsNbvXv amnfamsc IeymWwIgnphm \n_nXpw ({]kvXmh\bpsS ]qcq]w asmcnSpsImSpnpv).

Cu {]kvXm h\ bn C{Xbpw IqsS ]d bp p: Cu IjvSm Sp I sf sbmw AXn Po hnNne A\p` h cpsS samgn R tcJ sSp n bnpv. ta {]kvXm hn ITn \ Ir Xy fpsS bmYmYyw Cu tcJI kwibmXoXambn sXfnbnpp.2. ae_mdnse kv{XoI sdUnv {]`znIv kan Hcp \nthZ\n C{]Imcw ]dbpp:ckz`mhnIfmb elfm \Snb tLmcIrXysfbpw _o`{]hrnIsfbpwIpdnp

Xmp ]qhnhc Hcp ]t e`nnpmbncnpIbn. ]qnIcpsS aXw ]cnXyPnphm hnk Xn R fpsS t{]a ]m {X fmb D _ p sf AwK w K s Spn A{]mWcmn Xnhnp \nd At\Iw InWdpIsfbpw Ipfsfbpw Ipdnpw; shnapdnv Nnetm sImnX ihns K`]m{Xn\np Xn\nevp P\nnnm iniptfm Sp IqSn tdmU cn Inepw Ipn m Sp I fnepw Ct p t]mb K`n Wn I sf p dn pw; R fpsSssIbn\np ]nSnp]dnsSpp RfpsS Iap]nhp sIms \ntZmjnIfpw AicWcpamb IpnIsfpdnpw; t`ZywsNbvXp tXmepcnp Poht\msS Xobnenp Np `mmscbpw ]nXmmscbpw Ipdnpw; _pP\fpsS CSbn\np _emmtcW ]nSnpsImpt]mbn Cu \nZbcmb ]nimNpfpsS \nyhpw arKobhpamb kev]n Dulyamb FmXcw Ifn\pw am\`wKn\pw IogvsSpnb RfpsS ktlmZcnamscpdnpw; Ienm Immfkz`mhhpw \ioIcWhmk\bpw am{Xw tlXphmbn Nmqmc

fmbn ams BbncWnep RfpsS ]pcbnSsfpdnpw; IfsSpn \inn RfpsS t{Xsfpdnpw; ]pjv]ameIsImv Aecnsncp Cuizchn{Kl ]ipfpsS IpSame AWnbnvA]am\npItbm ASnpXIpItbm sNbv XXns\pdnpw Adnn pmbncnpIbn.... RfpsS Pefmb {Kmafn\nvB ntbmSntm IppwImSpw \nd ae{tZifn \X adbvphm DSpXpWnbnmsX]nWnInSvAep\SXp R Hmanpp.(at`ZIamb ZpcnXm\p`hfpsS hnhcWn\nv Hcp mKw am{XamWv ChnsS DcnXv)3. kmaqXncncmPmhns A[yXbn tImgntm p hp \Snb tbmKw AwKoIcn Bdmw{]tabw; elf m sNbvX Xmsg d bp Xcw ZpjvI sf hnkva cn p Itbm eLqIcn


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p Itbm sNp hm ]e e fnepw Xev] c I n I \S n bn p ]cn{i asf CutbmKw AhtbmSpw tJZtmSpw honpp.

1. kv{XoIsf arKobambn am\`wKsSppI.2. P\sf Poht\msS tXmepcnpI.3. ]pcpjscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw IpnIsfbpw Iqsme sNpI.4. IpSpw_sf \ntjw Np pIcnpI5. Bbn cWn Bfp Isf \n_ aXw amw sNn p Ibpw AXn\p hg m hsc

sImpIbpw sNpI.6. (t`Zyw sNbvXv) A{]mWcmnb P\sf InWntep XnbnSpIbpw acnpXp

hsc aWnqdpItfmfw c{]m]nphm hrYm {iaw \SnpIbpw sNpI.(Cu {]ta b n hoSp I sIm sNbvXXpw t{X If s Sp n bXpw kw_

n C\ tase Dcn kv{XoIfpsS \nthZ\n DsSpnbh XsbmbXn\mChnsS Bhnpn.)

4. 1921 sk]vXw_ 7\pw 1921 Unkw_ 6\pw tImgntm p\nb Hmtcm teJ\ (HvssSwkv H v CUy Zn\]{Xnepw atXv\yq CUy Zn\]{XnepamWv {]knoIcnsXv) kv{XoIfpsS t\sc \Snb _o`amb A{Iasf hnkvXcnp hnhcnpp. Ahsbk`yX ap\nn ChnsS tNpn.5. Poht\msS tXm Dcns NnecpsSbpw sImesNsSpXn\pap]v kzw ihpgntXmm \n_ns NnecpsSbpw Imcyw ic\mb ]cmainnpv.

Cu IYI tIm{Kkv t\Xmm BZyw hnizknn. ]t iXWn tImgntmSv icWw {]m]n]ncp lnp A`bmnI atXmX tlXphmbn \S IncmtXmNnXamb {IqcIrXysf ncoIcntm Fphmepw lnp apow sFIysnbp\ho\mib ssIhnScpsX {hXm Acmbnocm lnpfpsS CSbn Cukw`hfpsS tLmcXsbn icnbmb A`n{]mbw hym]np. Fm Kmn Cuizcs\ am{Xw

`bsSp [occmb amnfam, Ah icnbmsWp IcpXp aXn\pthn, Ah [manIamsWp IcpXp coXnbn t]mcmSphcmsWp {]kvXmhnp. ]ns aXn\pthn[ocambn t]mcmSnb amnfamsc Jnem^v t\Xmm A`n\nXn AZv pXstSXntm. amnfamcpsS CSbn kam[m\w ]p\xm]nWsa DtiytmSpIqSn elf \S{]tZifn {]thinphm tIm{Kknsebpw Jnem^v kwLS\bnsebpw AwKA\phmZn\vAt]np. CXp \ev IsSpIbpw sNbvXp. ]t XvbmsXmpw sNphm kmyasp kXnpsImvAh thKn Xncnsn. kXymh adphbv m\nhrnbnmsXbmbn. hmkvXhnXnbpsS _o`cq]w \ambn shfnstm ]eXcwhniZo I c W fpw {]XymLm X fpw Khsans sNbvXn I sf n Ipm tcm ] W fpwsImp lnpsf kam[m\nnphm Kmn {ianp. AlZm_mZn tN tIm{KkvtbmKw AwKoIcntXmsS Dcn {]tabn Ch kwt]nncnpp.

\nlIcW{]m\hpw Jnem^v {]tm`Whpw amnfelfbvp ImcWambncpnsv Cu tbmKw kpZrVambn A`n{]mbsSpp. {]tXyInv, elfbvv Bdpamkwap]papXvCu {]m\fnse {]mkwKnImv elf_m[n {]tZifntev Pnm DtZymKm {]th i\w \ntj [n \ne bvv, Cu cp {]m\ fp ambn bmsXmcp _hp anm ImcWfnemWp elfbpmbXv. Alnwkmktiw B {]tZip {]NcnphmA\phZnnpmbncppshn elf DmIpambncpn. Fncnnepw Nne amnfam \Snb \n_aXwamw, sIme, kzp \ioIcWw apXemb IrXyfn tIm{Kkv ]cnX]npp. aZncmin Khsa v auem\m bmq_v lpssksbpw thsd \nlIcWhmZnIfp sSbpw klmbw Ah Bh i y s {]Imcw kzo I cn p Ibpw almflm Km nsb ae _m dntep t]mIphm A\ph Zn p Ibpw sNbvXn cp p shn elf C{X ZoLn n msX Ign


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9

mambncpp. amnfXShpIm izmkwapn acWaS kw`hw ImWnpXv Khsanss]cpamw B[p \n IIm e tp tbmPn mXc n {Iqchpw Hcp ]cn jvIr bp Knse

Khsan\p tNcmhn[nepXpw BbncppshmWv.Hcp {]tXyI kapZmbsb, mcXJWvUs HmsI {]Xn\n[oIcnppshv Ah

ImisSp Hcp henb cmjv{SobkwLS\bpsS ktcn\p Ifwhcpp Hcp {]tabamWnXv. DtZymKm CyP\XbpsS t\sc \Snb A{Iasf shtXp aqSnhbvphm {ianp Khsap {]kvXmh\Ifnse a\xnXn CXpXsbmWv. atXmcmbapo Hcp hn mKmcmb _lpkl{kw \nlmbcmb lnpfpsS ta \Snb tLmcm]cm[\fpsS \njvTqcX eLqIcnphm a\qw \Sp DZyafn shfnsSpXv.ka`mh\bp \ncq]I cpw HtccoXnbn A[nt]ntXmWv. Idmn Jnem^vtbKmnse {]tab Bhnp _e sSp p hm \S nb tbmK, Jnem vcmjv{S hnfw_ cw, nem v ]XmI Db Ccw A\n tj [ yamb bmYmY y fpsSap]n \nl I c W {] m \hpw Jnem v {]tm W hpa amn f e l fbvp Imc W

sap ]d bp Xv A] lmky amWv. Cu {]ta bn amn f am sc, GXm smcp am t] tbmSpIqSn, IpsSpp mKn D]tbmKn hmpIfpw Nne DtZymKmcpsS ZpjvIrXyv Ch D{KambhXs Bbncppshnepw Khsans\ Bt]np mKvD]tbmKn mjbpambn XmcXaywsNpXp ckmhlambncnpw.

B\n_k v amnfIem]w \nlIcWJnem^v {]tm`fpambn _sXmsWp JWvUnXambn A`n{]mbsnpv. apowt\Xmm Xs Cu A`n{]mbw ]tcmambn kzoIcnncnpp. Unkw_ 30\v AlZm_mZn ktfn apoweoKns hmjnItbmKnse A[y{]kwKn lkvdv saml\n amnfam sNbvX {IqcIrXysfn C{]Imcw {]kvXmhnXv DZmlcWambn FSpmw.

amnfam AhcpsS \S]Sn C{]Imcw \ymboIcnpp.: Ah CwojpImsXnsc Hcpbpw \S n sm n cp tm Ah cpsS Abhmkn I (lnp ) Ahsc klm bn n

sp am{X a , \njv] X ]menpIbpw sNmsX k {] Im tc Wbpw Cwo jpImpklmbklIcW \evIn. Ah kzaXkwcWmw bpntes v, AhcpsS hoSpwkzpw Dt]nvaeIfnepw IpnmSpIfnepw A`bw{]m]nncns AhcpsS t]mcmfnImhiyamb ]Whpw `Wkm[\fpw, thsd PohntXm]IcWfpw CwojpImcn\npwAhcpsS XpWbmfnIfn\npw \n_nsSpv sImsNembn Nn{XoIcnpXv DNnXasv Ahp \nbambpw hmZnmw.

amnfamcpsS {]h\s {_nojpImsXncmbn \Snb Hcp aXbpambn hntijnntm AXv Jnem^v {]tm`Wn\np ths]Spphm \nhrnbnmHcp cmjv{Sob{]m\ambncppshvlkv dv saml\n hyambn kXnpp. amnfamcpsS {Iqc Ir X y v Atlw ImWp \ym bo I cWw _meniw am{X a , hmkvXh hn cp hpamIpp. {]Xyamb Hcp kwKXn Atlw hnkvacnpp. Gd\mSv, hph\mSv, s]mm\n

Fo XmeqpIfnse ]e mKfnepw lnpfpsS hoSpI qcn`mKhpw \ntjw sImsN s Xv BKv 21, 22, 23 Fo Xob Xn I fn em bn cp p. Iem]w s]mn p d s {]tZi fn ]mfw Fn t cp Xn \p ap]v amn f am ae I fnepw Ipn mSp I fnepw A` bw{]m]npXn\p hfsc ap]v.

amn f am cpsS _o` Ir X y fpsS t\sc kzo I cn a\xnXn tlXphmbn ]m_n{_nojv A[nImcnI \Snb tLmcIrXysf hnainphm tIm{Kn\p [mnImhImiw \jvSsp. ssZhs bsSp amnfamscn KmnbpsS apdhnfnIfpw tIm{Knsebpw apoweoKnsebpw t\Xmm AhcpsSta hjn A`n\\fpw HmUy UbdpsS sNbvXnIsf icnhp In ASnXpt]mse, hmkvXhn \S kwKXnIsfpdnpAXsImmbncnmw. ]t ]noSvkwKXnI kphyambn shfnstijhpw Ah


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BZys A`n{]mbs Dt]nXmbn {]kvXmhnn.1923 sIm\mSbnhp \Snb Jnem^v kwLS\bpsS hmjnItbmKn Hcp

anI tZiobt\Xmhmb juv Aen A[ym\p\nv A\mYcmb amnfIpSpw_pw IpnIpw klmbw A` yn p sImv Hcp {]tabw Ah X cn n p. (C Xn\vF{Xtbm ap]pXs amnfam \Snb tLmcamb A]cm[ cmPyns Hcw apXat Awhsc Ip{]knambncpphtm) Atlw ]dp: BbncWn amnfam ckmnIfmbnop. aX[hpw am\pj[hpw ap\nn Cu [ocamb amnfamtcmSvHcp ISa \ndthm\pv. amnfamcpsS ssIbm Nne lnpvt{Zmlw A\p`hnnpsvAtlw kXnp. elfbpsS Cu hiw Ahv Hcp AmXhnjbamsWnepw iqccmbamn f am tcmSv Hcp IS m Sp spw Xm\pw Xs ktlm Z c apl Zv Aenbpw Hmtcm amnfA\mY_mes sNehphlnphm \nbnnpspw Atlw {]kvXmhnp.

tbmKn knlnXcmb ]ecpw Hmtcmcpcmbn Fgptv Khsans ssIbmamnfam klntnhnp ZpcnX hnhcnp. ]t Ah \Snb a\ptjymNnXa

m \njvTp c Ir X y sf n Fm hcpw au\w Ahew _n p. tbmKw juv AenbpsS{]tabw AwKo Icn p Ibpw A\mY cmb amnf am cpsS klm b n\p [\ tiJ cWw \S pIbpw sNbvXp. Fm amnfamcpsS tLmcIv Ccbmb lnpv Cu amXncnklmbw \evIphm lnpt\Xmmtcm tIm{Ktm apt]mp hXmbnn.


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amneelfIfpsS bYmkz`mhw

tUm. Sn.sI. cho {(tIcfkhIemime Ncn {Xhn`mKw Aym]I)

]sm]Xmw \qmnepw Ccp]Xmw\qmns BZyZiIfnepw ]ccbmbn s]mnpds amn f e l f Ip apJ yIm cWw AYhm GI ImcWw Zp l amb IpSn bm bva h y h I tlXphmbn IjIcpsS CSbn kzm`mhnIambn DZv`hn B]XvIcamb AkwXr]vXnbmbncppshv AknKvambn sXfnbnphm ASpImev ]ecpw ]cn{iannpv.{_nojv Cybn IpSnbmm PnIfpsS ZbmZmnWys B{ibnp PohntnhXn\m IpSnbmbva hyh ]cnjvIcntXv ASnbncmhiyambncppshXv hmkvXham

Wv. Fm AanXIcw NpapI apXemb P\a\]cn]mSnI A]qhkw`h am{Xambncpp. hkvXp Hgnn Ghpw ]cnanXambnt \Sncppq. Ch km[mcW \S]Snbmbncpn Hs hyXnNe\ am{Xambncpp. Cu ImeLskw_np \nehneptcJIfn\nvA\pam\nmhpXv Pn IpSnbm _ km[mcW am\pjnI\nbasfA\pkcnpw Gsdpsd kulm]chpw Bbn \ne\nncppshmWv. qhpSabpw Irjnmc\pw At\ym\yw hnXp kapZmbn\vA\mtcmKyamb coXnbnembncpn, 19mw iXm_vZ ns Dcm n Gd \m nepw hp h\m nepw Dmb amnf e l f I sf nbphnhcW CXp ]camamsWp sXfnbnpp. elfbpmIpsa bm lnpp hocyw \jvSs {]tZifn amnfIpSnbm AhcpsS PnIfpsS Poh\pw kzpwcnphm AhcpsS hoSpIfntep IpXnncpp.

""Hmtcm henb lnpPnbpSbpw hontev Atlns amnf IpSnbmm [rXnsp

t]mIp p Ah \ntZm jn I fm sWp sXfnbnp hm \pw Imhm cmbn {]hnv AhcpsS kzm an n ImWn p hm\pw. Hcp (am n f) IpSpw _ nse Htm A[nItam AwK aX{`mmcpsS mKp tNnpsn IpSpw_nse tijap ]pcpjm PnbpsShontep _spsNv elf Ahkm\npXphsc ]mdmhpImcmbn {]hnpp.''*

hnSt_mw ]dbpp: ""elf \S {]tZifnse amnfIpSnbmmcpsS CSbn Rm\Snb At\zjWw lnpPnIfmhs ImWwZmamcmIs IpSnbmmsc ]cs t{Zmlnncppshtm, Ahcn\nvAanXamb ]mw]ncnpshtm sXfnbnpn.'' Gd\m nse sN{tcn, Xqhq apXemb efnse nXn Atlw C{]Imcw hniZoIcnpp: ""s\rjn\Sp ]mS GItZiw apgp h shdpw ]m m cpsS ssIh i am Wv. sN{ t cn bnepwXqhqcnepw CcphnfsbSpp qanvhnns ]nc nbmWv km[mcW ]mw. cp hnfbv pwIqSn samw hnfhv hnns 20 Cc n bn Ipd bphm Xc an AXp sImv IpSn bm\v Inp

Xv hnf [m\yns ]IpXnbpw apgph sshtmepw BIpp. IngPnIfn (Xan gv\mn) C{X henb Hmlcn IpSn bm mp e`n p Xv hfsc A]q am Wv... Cu cvAwifnse A[nImcnIam ]dXv AhcpsS Awifn Irjn`qanv Gdn\v 2 cq]bne[nIw \nIpXn CsmWv. Cu \nIpXn KhsantevASbvpXv DSa\pamWv. IpSnbmm AhcpsS IpSnbncnn\p sImwtXmdpw sImSppXv \maam{Xamb Hcp hmSIbmWvHcp ]pXnb ]Ww (4 AW 7 ss] Ctmgs 271/2 ss]k) PnI mcn ]mw ]ncnp IpSnbm msc t{Zmlnp sh Bt]w ASn m \c ln X am sWv CXn\np hy am Ip p.hmkvXhn IpSnbmmsc HgnnpXv A]qkw`hfmbncpp. htmgpw CXp \Snpmbncppshn apJyamb ImcWw PnamcpsS CSbn DZv hn AhImiXBbncpp.


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amnfelf IpSnbmm klntnh IjvSmSn\npZv hnpsh hmZw ASnm\clnXamsWp sXfnbnp thsdmcp kwKXnIqSnbpv. ""taNmpw IpSnbndepw kw_

n hnhc cPnkvt{Sj DtZymKsbpw, Gd\mSv hph\mSv apkn^vamcpsSbpwB^okpIfn\np tiJcnphm Rm {ianp. Cu hmZs km[qIcnm D]tbmKnmhp hnhcsfmpw e`ya. atcn Awin 1895 Ahkm\np 5 hjfncPn sNbvX tamp I fpsS Fw 17 Bbn cp p. CXn 10 tamp I fn BZys ImWm lnpfmbncpp. Ccppgn Awin Cu 5 sImfn 3 ta Nmm[mc W fmWv cPn sN sXv. ] \m n 6, ]mn m n 7 tamp k{ZmbwA[nIhpw amnfIpSnbmmp {]XnIqeambn D]tbmKnsncnppsh hmZw AkXyamsWv Cu IW pI sXfn bn pp. 17 ta Nmp I fn 10 F n IWm clnphmbncppsh hkvXpX taNmp k{Zmbw amnfIpSnbmmcpsS ssIhiap`qan A] l cn p hm aX hntZz j tmSp IqSn Pn I kzo I cn Hcp D]m b am bn cp n spImWnpp. lyq Fvk tcJsSpnbXpt]mse, ""amnfamv {]tXyIambn bmsXmcp

D]{Zhsnbpw BhemXnsSm\n. A\p`hn PnI lnpfmb IpSnbmtmtcmSpImWnpXnepw IqSpX kua\kytmsSbmWv amnfIpSnbmtmtcmSp s]cpamdpXv.''kmam\yambn ]dbpXmbm amnfIpSnbmmcpw AhcpsS PnIfpw Xnep _w hfscXr]vXnIcambncpp. el fbn ]sSp IpSnbmmpt]mepw AhcpsS lnpPnIsfkw_np kmcambn h Bt]hpw Dmbncppshp ]dbpXvsIpIYIfpsS kmev]nItemIn hnlcnembncnpw.''

el fbn ]sSp h cpsS kz m hw, elf \S Imev AhcpsS s]cpam w, AhsNbvX hnth N \m iq \yamb _o` Ir X y , elf HXp nb Ncn {Xw, el f sb nKhsaptZymKm tiJcn tcJI Chsbmw kkqvaw ]cntim[nm Cu \n`mKyhmmsc AXntLmcamb ZpjvI sNphm {]tNmZnnXvkznt]mbn a\xIev]nXamb kpJ A\p`hnmsa hymtamlambncppshp hyamIpw. AhcpsS

Dtiw Hcnepw {Zhyem`ambncpn. Cu kapZmb hncp{]h\fn ]sSphscAhcpsS Bflotbm]tZiI hnizknnXv, Ah t]mcmn acnWsapw bpw sNbvX"kbnZv' ]Zhn kmZnm h]n KpW t\Spsapambncpp. Cu {]m\hpambn Nnehn[n _sh \evInb sXfnhpI Cu Bibs Xdnp]dbpp.

kzw tXSmamn f e l f I fn Ftmgpw {]X y s Sp Xv kz a Xs kw_ n AanX bpw

CXcaXsf kw_n AklnjvWpXbpw BIpp. hnSt_mw ]dbpXpt]mse,""1894se elft]msebp kvt^mS\ IpSnbm \nba]cnjvImcw sImpam{Xw \nmIgnbm aX{`mn\nv DZv hnphbmsWpam{Xw Rm ssha\kytmsS A`n{]mbsSpp. PohnX\nehmcw KWyambn A`nhrnsm aX{`mm DmhpIbn. ]t

Zmcn{Zyw \psS IqsS Fmbvtmgpw FmbnSpw Dv. elfI s]mnpdsSp {]tZifn \n\cmb amnfam [mcmfambn D Imetmfw Bhiyaptmsgmw Iem]wkrjvSnphm Fsnepw ImcWw {]XysSpw.'' lnpsfbpw AhcpsS kzpw m]\fpw t{Xfpw \innphm Dtinp \Snb ZmcpWamb A]cm[v {]_eamb {]tNmZ\w AImcWamb aX{`mpXsbmbncpp. Asn h[nsSpItbm AwK`wKw A\p`hntnhcnItbm sNbvX lnptfmSp {]tXyInv bmsXmcp hntZzjhpanmA\h[n apo elfmcpsSIqsS tNXn\p ImcWw ImWpn. AhnizmknIfmblnp sf shdp p Ibpw Ahcp ambn bp n Gsp arXn b S bp Ibpw sNp Xv aX[amsWpw AXp kzalna Icamphm kpZrVamb amamsWpw elfmcn ]e scbpw bYm {Iaw \njvIjnp ]Tnn n p mbncp p. Nne el fbn tNXv


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XmevmenIamb tm`n\[o\snpw Bbncppshp tXmpp. 1896se Iem]natcn t{X]cnkcnhp arXnbShcn ]{phbpam{Xw {]mbamb Hcp Ip nbpw

Dmbncpp. Ah hben Fv DWnsmncptm s]spmb Hcp BthiwAhs\ elfmcpsS kwLntep \bnXmbncpp.

A]cm[nIfn _lp`qcn`mKhpw apowkapZmbnse Ghpw XmW]Snbnephcmbncppshp kwibmXoXambn sXfnbnsnpv. AhvbmsXmpw \jvSsSphm\pmbncpn. ckmnIvhmKvZm\w sNs alnabmbncpp Ahsc hioIcnXv. AXpsImvPohs\ _enbn t{Im[mIpecmb h]n P\qs t{]cnnXv AhcpsS CSbn XmW]Snbnephsc \n`mKyhim IogSnbXv aX{`mns in am{Xambncpp.Imâmcpambp kwLjn PohXymKwsNbvXm Ahp kznse kpJt`mK A\p`hnmsapw qanbn AhcpsS Ion Fpw kvacnsSpsapap ZrVhnizmkw AhnizmknIfpsS t\scbp GXp kmlkIrXyn\pw Ahsc kcmn.

Cu aX{`mmscn HmantXmb thsdmcp Imcyw Ahcn At\Iwt] \njvTqc

Ir X y \S n bXv AhcpsS kztZi m bn cp n F Xm Wv. aXbp n tNcphmAh hnZq c e fnse Ipn m Sp I fn Fn tp. CXns Aw Hcp eskw_n {]tXyI ImcW thWsan FXmbncpp. IpSnbmbva hyhsbpdnp AkwXr]vXn Ccw Iem]sf XzcnXsSpnbXmbn hnNmcnphm A[nIw \ymbwImWpn. AhbpsS ]nn {]mtZinIam aX]camtbm hnImc]camtbm D ImcW DmbncpncnWw. AhnizmknIv Poht\msS IogSpXns\m bpnac Ww h cn p hmt\m Bfl l X y sN p hmt\m Bbn cpp el f m CjvS s Xv FbmYmyw Ahsc BthiwsImnXv aXhnImcambncppshXn\p sXfnhmWv. ""elfmcpsS CSbn Hmtcmcp\pw ]mfmcpambn ssItbmSpssI bpw \Sm\pw FXncmfnbpsS Poh\p]Icw kzw Poh hnebmbn sImSpphm\pw Xcwt\mnbncpXv XSsSpphm {_nojv DtZ ym K m \S nb ]cn {iaw ]cm P b s p.* Cu A`n {]mbw Xs

bmWv hnSt_man\pw DmbncpXv. ""Hcp kwLw amnfaX{`mm IogSphm hnkXnXmtbm Acw kwLnse Hcp hyn apdnthevtmsX ]nSnsXmtbm Hcp DZmlcWw Ip]nSnphm Hcp \qmnse tcJIsfmw ]cntim[nmepw B {iaw hnêambncnpw.'' CsXmw m]npXv Cu elfI aX{`mns hnkvt^mS\w am{XambncppshXmWv.

cmjv{SotbmtiyanCXpt]mseXs amnfelIsf {_nojp`cWns\Xncmb cmjv{Sob{]tm`ns

Ahyamb Bcwàmbn hymJym\nm\p {iahpw tIhew \njv eamIpp. aX{`mmKhsapambn CSXv AicWcmb sslhP\Xbvpw AhcpsS kzn\pw tZhmebpw Khsa v cmhyhI GsSpnbtmgmbncpp. cmjv{Sobamb ZmVyw

Ahv Hcp {]iv\ am bn cp n . Fm kz a Xm kn _pnsb A[o \ s Spn, Ahsc{`mp]nSnnp. AXpsImv Cu kmlknIkwLfpsS {]h\ tIcfnse BZyImes kzmX{ytbmmfpsS ]cn]mSnIfpambn kaoIcnpXvA{Iaambncnpw. HmaXv amnfelfmv cmjv{SobkzmX{ysamsWpXs \nbapmbncpn. AXns\n Ahv h kev]hpapmbncppshn AXv aXhntcm[nIfmb lnpfpambn\St bps kw_np am{Xambncpp. CXp sXfnbnm B Imes tcJI[mcmfapv. amnfamcpsS CSbn DSseSp Hmtcm {]tm`nsbpw ]nn ImWpXvAhcpsS aXs A]am\np F Bt]ambncpp (CXv hmkvXhtam Dultam Bbncnmw). 1874se elbvp ImcWw Hcp \mbshfnmSns Iev]\bmbncpp. CXn\nsmwA\pam\ntXv ]sm]Xmw iXm_vZnse amnfelfI {][m\ambn kmapZmbnI


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elfIfmbncppshmWv. Cu elfIfn aX{`mmvlnptfmSv FpwsNmsa\nebmbncpp DmbncpXv. CXn\p hnSt_mw hmIvNmXpcytmSpIqSn kmyw hln

pp: ""HcpIqw amnfaX{`mm t]mcn\p hcppsdnm lnpfpsS CSbnepFm hn`mKmcnepw DmIp \nyamb ZbhnlzeX Ah\obamWv. AhcpsS nXnemhlhpw Zb\obhpamWv. Hcp i{Xpssk\yns B{IaWw CXnepa[nIw sh{]mfhpw]cn{`ahpw krjvSnpIbn. Xsbpw Xs kv{XoIfpsSbpw c bvmbn Hcp amnfaX{`mns\ FXncnSphm Hcp lnphn\pw tXmp tXbn. Bbp[ fpmbncp h Ahsbkqnphm\mbn KhsaptZymKmsc Gev]npItbm Asn HfnnphbvpItbmAXpasn elfmvhnpsImSppItbm sNbv Xnpmbncnpw. kztZip\nv]memb\w sNpXntem clkyktXfn HfnncnpXntem am{XamWvAh cmamwImWp Xv. 1849se Iem ] n el fmcpw Hcp ssk\y hn mK hp ambn \S Gp ap enCu aX{`mm ]mfmcpsS t\sc IpXnpNmSnbtm bhnlzecmbn ]mfm HmSntmbXv Hmanptm hph\mnsebpw Gd\mnsebpw ae{tZifn ]mp Ai

cWcmb _lpP\ A\p`hn kw{`mn DulnmhpXmWtm.kz nse kpJ n \p thn Zmln p Hcmsf kw_ n n S tmfw Imjn Iamb

AhiXI aXnbmb {]tIm]\asv Ddnp]dbmw. "skbvZm'fmIm\mbn ]Ss]mcpXnbhp ImjnI]cnjvIcWw A{Xsbmpw BIjIambncnm\pw CSbn. Iem]ImcnIfn Ahti jnhcmcpwXs Xstbm Xs IqpImcpsStbm eyw AXmbncppshp]dnpan. AanXamb ]mn\pw IpSnsbmgnnen\pw FXncmbn "]pWybpw' \SpIsbXv Hcp ]ntISmbncnpIbpw sNpw. AXn\m CXv ImjnIamb AhiXIsXncmtbm ImjnI]cnjvImcn\pthntbm D Iem]amsWXvI]S\mSyw am{XamsWphyw AXp ]t bYmeyw adp]nSnm\mbnsmWsan. elfbn ]sSphcpw Pohnncnphcpambhsc cnmthnbmhmw.Ipfq elf

1851 Dmb asmcp el f bmWv Ipfqe lf Fp Ip{] knn t\Snb el f. Cuelfbn ]e lnpsfbpw elfm sImpIbpw ]e hoSpIfpw \innpIbpw sNbvXtijw Ipf q hmcn b cpsS hmcn b tv Ch ]pd s p. hmcn b Hcp ]n sI p Imc yn Ftm hntcm [ ambn NneXp {]hn n cp p. el f m hmcn bv Fn. kv{XoItfmSpw IpnItfmSpw hoSp hn pt]m Im ]d p. Ahcpw hmcn b cpsS cv A\n c h mcpwc s p. aqn hmcn bv 79 hbv {]mb ambncp p. Abm Hcp apdnbn ASn cpm bn.Atmtgv AhnSppImcmb Nne lnp A{]tZimcmb amnfamsc icWw {]m]np.amnfam A]Xpt]tcmfw hmcnbv Fn. ]t Cu hhcns Nne elfmtcmSp IqSntv hmcnbsc D]{Zhnm IqSpIbmWp sNbvXXv. hmcnb sNdpwapXpXs hfn sm ph Hcp amn f bm bncpp Abm Hfn n cp ew elf mpImWnpsImSpXpw elfm t]msbv D]mbw ]dv hmcnbsc ]pdphcpnbXpw.

hmcnbsc ASpp ]mSv C v shnsmp. Ipfq hpmb Cu kw`hamWv amnfamscn lnpfpsS a\n Ahnizmkw P\nnpXn\p {][m\ambn klmbnnpXv.

amnfelfIfpsS mhwelfIfpsS Bcw`w anhmdpw Npcpnb \nebnembncnpw. GsXnepw Hcp {]tZiv

Htm ctm t] tahn h cn h Imc W nt]mepw lmen fIn i{Xpsf sImm\pw]ns acnm\pw Hcppp. B hnhcw Xvhfsc hnizmkap Abhmknsb Adnbnpp. Ahs\bpw hioIcnp Iqn tNpp. Cs\ elfmcpsS kwLw \mtemAtm Bbm Dn jvS Imc y n \ndn ]pds Spp. AXn \nS bn Nne hmfp Itfm InItfm tXmpItfm tiJ cnphnpmbncnpw. Cu Bbp[ tfmSpIqSn X sImW


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sap a\n XosSpnbnp Bfns t\sc sNpp. Xcn Innbm Abmsfsmv ASp {]tZi fntep bm{XsNpp. BZys sIme IgnbpXphsc X

fpsS {]hrnI KqVambns hbvpsanepw AXpIgnm ]ns kIe{]hrnIfpw ]ckyamWv. X t]mIp hgnbn t\cnpapp A\yaXmsc anhmdpw AhsImpItbm sXmn CSopItbm sNpw. AhtcmSp bmsXmcp hntcm[hpw thWsan. Nneschnbnspan. AXp{]Imcw Xs Ah t]mIp ZnpIfnep lnpfpsS hoSpINp p\innpw. _nw_ XpSbvpw. t{X \innpw. Cuhn[n GXm\pw Nnesc\innm\mbn Bcw`np elf lnpfpsS t\sc s]mXphmb Hcp bpambn Ieminpp. bpsap ]dXp sXmWv. elfm hcpp FptIm HmSpIbmsX AhtcmSplnp FXnp\nXmbn amnfelfIfpsS apgph Ncn{Xw t\mnbmepw ImWphm{]bmkamWv.

(sI. am[h\mb, ae_m Iem]w, t]Pv 1920)


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B.kn. apZmcpsS teJ\n ]cmain A\p_

1921 sk]vXw_ 7mw XobXnbnsessSwkv Hm^v Cybnse dntmv

kzmX, ]WsmXn, A[nImctamlw Fnhbm t{]cnXcmb amnfam Imnqnb PpKp]vkmhlamb aX{ mns\n kmam\y_pnbp GsXmcp lnphns\bpw t_m[ysSppA\p` h fmWv Cu el f sb n Fgp Xp tm F\np ]d bp hm \p Xv. \mbk ap Zm bnepw avDb kapZmbnepws] bphXnIfpw kpcnIfpamb s]IpnIsf AhcpsSA\amcnepw mmcnepw\nv_emmcambn ]nSnpsImpt]mbn ]q\I

fmn Ah cpsS ap]nqSn \Sp Ibpw HSp hn am\`w K s Sp p Ibpw sNbvX kw`h A`bmnI hnhcnpp. a\pjyhnImcahcpw arKobhnImcfm Acpambamnfam Hcp Ukt\m A[nItam BfpIfpsS amwkZmlw Xom Hcp kv{Xosb D]tbmKs Sp nb kw` h fp apv. Iem ] Im cn I kp cn I fmb lnpkv{XoIsf XS hn]n Snv_emmcambn aXwamn amnfkv{XoIsftmse ImXpIpnvXmevmenI`mcyamcmbn D]tbmKnnpv. ojWnpw am\`wKn\pw Pohlm\npw ap]n b A\Ifmblnpkv{XoI ImparKfp h\fn A`bw tXtSnhnpv. AtmsS Pohnlnpsf Nne apkenbmmcpsSbpw XamcpsSbp klmbtmsS _ew{]tbmKnvkpv\Sn aXwamnbnpv. lnphoSpI sImSnpIbpw sImnhbvpIbpw sNbvXnpv.\nlIcWhmZnIfpw Jnem^v {]m\mcpw sImntLmjnp lnp apow sFIyns s]m cw shfn hm m Cu B{I a W t]mtc? hnj bm k cmb amn f am

cpsS \Sp hnqSn \ I fmbn \S s lnp kv{Xo I fpsS _o` Nn{Xw ad mt\mambvmt\m km[ya. Fm amnfIem]ImcnI Hcp apowkv{Xosb Fnepw am\`wKsSpnbXmbn Rm tInn. (kn. ic\mbcpsS Kmn BUv A\mn F ]pkvXIn cmw A\p_ambn sImSpnpXv.)

6121921se ssSwkv Hm v Cybnse dntm v.sN{tcn Xfpw ssk\ym[n]\pw tNv Fs {]tZimWv lnpsf IcpXnqn

sImm\pw kzv sIm b Sn m\pw BZy ambn Bcw n Xv. AtX ]n ae _m tPWenRms\gpXnb hnhcW XmbXp hmbnpImWpatm? Ccw kw`h ]Ihym[nt]mse hym]np Znhtk\ sImeIsfn tIm XpSn. cmgvNbvIw ZmcpWamb lnpsIme]mXI \nXykw`hfmbn. Gd\mSnsbpw tImgntmSnsbpw D`mKfn\nvIem]ImcnI \Snb sImeIfpsSbpw B{IaWfpsSbpw IYIfpambn A`

bmnI {]hlnm XpSn. tImgntmv \nv 12 ssa am{Xw hSpIngp Gd\mnse ]pqcwin aXwamdm hnkXn 25 lnpsf ]mI shnsmvInWnenp. Chcnsemcm elfm t]mbngntm Xe\mcngsImp cs v Hcphn[ntImgntmsn. Abmfntm Bip]{XnbnemWv. A\p`h\mb Hcmsf \nebvvCuIY kXyamImt\ hgnbpq.

Gd\mSp Xmeqn ISepn sdbnthtj\n Acnbqcn\vASpp aqcn\npwIgnbmgvN sImeIfpsSbpw _emmcamb aXwamnsbpw hmI Innbnpv.Cu ehpw tImgntmSp\nv shdpw 14 ssa ZqcmWv. Ign HcmgvNbmbn tImgntmtp hcp Hmtcm Xohnbpw 100 IWn\v A`bmnIsfbpw hlnpsImmWv hcpXv. IgnbmgvN ]Xn\mbncw A`bmnImbn ZpcnXmizmkkanXn Ww sImSp


17/61

17

sX n CubmgvN AXv 15000 Bbn. Ah cn\np Innb hm b \p kcnv Hc] Xm sfnepw sIm s p Im Wpw. sIm hbv]pw aXwam hpw Akw Jyw. inip sfbpw K`n Wn I

sfbpw sImesNpXns\m ss]imNnIamb Hcp ]mXIw \nv kev]nm Ignbpsam? cpZnhkw ap]vtImgntmSp\nv Hcp A`bmn ]d ham\w hmbnm\nS h p. 7 amkw K` ap Hcp kv{Xo hb Adp p sIm \ne bn N Ipn bpsS tZlw]pdp ImWhn[n hgnat[y InSpp. apeIpSnpsImncp 6 amkw {]mbapasmcp Ipnsb X bpsS amdn\nv ]nSn sSpv cmbn IjvWnp. F{X lrZ b t` Z Iw!elfm a\pjytcm sNIpmmtcm? _ew {]tbmKnp Fa aXwamfpw dntmpsNsSpp. Hcp Uk\ne[nIw BfpIsf XesambSnnvJpdm\n\nv Ftm sNmnpXv Hcp ac n sem fn n cp Hcm I Xmbn dntmp sNp p. Fp sXfn hph p sImmWvNne Ccw kw`hsf \ntj[npsXv F\np a\nemIpn. \ntj[nph ChnsShv CXns kXymh t\cnpImWs. IgnZnhkw sIme]mXIfpsSthsdmcp hm tImbven\Spp\npmbncpp. kv{XoIfpw ]pcpjmcpaSw ]Xns\mp

lnpsf elfm sImpshmbncpp B hm.cmgvN ap]v s]cn a bvpw taem q cn\pw CS bvp tdmUnse Hcp Iepn \Sn

bn ]Xn\p lnpfpsS arXtZl ImWsSpIbpmbn. Cu sIme]mXIfpsSIYI tI v \np thZ\ tXmpnt? Cu hmIsfmw Xs icnbmsWp sXfnnphbmWv. sN{tcn XfpsS t\XrXzn \S Hcp _emkwKsn Adnbm \n S h kabv Fs a\ n epmb Aajhpw shdppw {]I Sn n m hmpI fn .taemqcnse am\ybmb Hcp \mbkv{Xosb sXmSpp ssII ]nn sIn\nnbncpkzktlmZcsbpw mhnsbpw apnhv elfm DSphkv{X Agnpamn. CuZriyw ImWm\mImsX IS ktlmZcs\bpw A{IanI hmNqnsmv_eambn IpXpdnpIbpw AhcpsS XpdIpIp ap]nhv _emkwKw sNpIbpw sNbvXp!Ccw lo\kw h sf p dnv Fgp XmXs F\np aSpp tXmp p. hf sc b [nIw

kpw \mept]cpsS Poh\w (cpthemcpw cp _pfpw) \jvSssnepw Cuizcm\p{Klm Fs IpSpw_hpw _pfpw Cu a\pjyarKfm A]am\nsSmsXkpcnXambn tImgntmsntp. tad _emkwKns kw`hw hfsc hnizmktbmKyamwhn[w AhcpsS ktlmZcmcnsemcmXs Fs AdnbnXmWv. CXpt]mep\nch[n \nyhpw lo\hpamb A{IafpsS IYI BfpIsf shfnsSpmhbmbnpapv.

(k.kn. ic\mbcpsS Kmn B vA\mn F ]pkv XIn cmw A\p_ambn sImSpnpXv.)

sI.]n. tIihtat\m apXembhcpsS {]kvXmh\kzcmPnse lnpapow sFIysm kXyamWv]ca{][m\ambnpXv . BbXn\m

auem\mkmln_nt\mSpw Atlns ap aXm\pbmbnItfmSpw CybpsS Bcm[yt\Xmhmb almflmKmntbmSpw Atlhpw ChnSs Cu kw`h Adnn nsn R]dbpp, lnp fpsSta amn fam \S n bn p A{I a XnIpw kX yam Wv. HcpbYm A{IaclnXamb \nlIcWhmZnv amnfelfmcpsS {]hrnIsf A`n\nm Ignbn . Fn \mWv \ma hsc A`n \ n t Xv? lnpfpsS t\sc Ah \Snbh]nXpw {]tIm]\clnXhpamb B{Iatm? tImgntmSv, s]mm\n, hph\mSvFoXmeqpIfpsS Nne mKfnsebpw Gd\m nsebpw kIelnp`h\fnepw \Snb htXmXnep sImbvtm? elfbpsS XpSn sNdnb tXmXnepw ]noSvelfbpsS ASpLn hons IgnpIqSnbtm htXmXnepw lnpsf _ew{]tbmKnv aXwamnbXnt\m? \ncp]{ZhnIfmb lnp]pcpjmscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw IpnIsfbpw \njvcpWw


18/61

18

shnsmXnt\m? ]nbn {]thinpIbpw Xmsc A]am\npIbpw sNbvX s]meokp Im cpsS hwin P\n h sc Xn \m, Asn Im^ dp I F ImcWw Hp sIm

pam{Xat elfm lnpfpsS t{X aen\sSppIbpw Ah \innpIbpwlnp kv{Xo Isf _emkw Ks Spp Ibpw Ahsc amnf am \n_ n X ambn aXw amnhnhmlw IgnpIbpw sNbvXXv? bmX\ A\p`hnhcn Cp Pohnncnph hnhcnpXXpw R tcJsSpnbnpXpamb hnhcfn ]dbp {Iqckw`h A`n\\alnphbmtWm? t\scadnv icnbmbn Nnnphcmb Fmhcpw Xs, {]tXyInvFm {]tIm]\fnepw A{IaclnXambn {]hnpsap {]Xnm_ambnp Jnem^vktf\w t]mep Hns {]Xn\n[n {]tXyInv , CXns\ inbmb mjbn Bt]ntXt? Ccw {IqcIrXy sNbvXhcmb amnfam AhcpsS aXn\pthn Poh_enbnpthm?1. sI.]n. tIihtat\m, sk{Idn, tIcfm{]tZiv tIm {Kkv Inn (Hv)2. sI. am[h\mb, sk{Idn, tImgntmSv Pnm tIm {Kkv Inn (Hv)

3. Sn.hn. samlZv, sk{Idn, Gd\mSv Jnem v Inn (Hv)4. sI. IcpWmIc tat\m, {Sjd, tIcfm {]tZiv tIm{Kkv Inn (Hv)5. sI.hn. tKm]metat\m (Hv)(Kmn B v A\mn F {Knse aqmw A\p_w)

{io am[h\mbcpsS {]kvXmh\kmcpw amnfamcpw Xnep Hcp kacsa \nebnepw Asn amnfam Imn

PohntXv A\mhiyambnopshXns t]cnepw amnfam lnpsf sImbSnpXvicnbmsWv auem\m saml\n \ymboIcnpIbmWv . Gd\mSv, hph\mSv, s]mm\nXmeqpIfn lnp`h\fpsS t\sc htXmXnep sImbpw Ihbpw A[nIw \SXv ssk\nI\nbaw {]Jym]n BKv 22, 22, 23 XobXnIp ap]msW Imcyw auem

\bvdnbnmbncnmw. auem\m Dulnp kabv amnfam ImSpIfntebvtmSntmbncpn; AXpt]mseXs lnp Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKsa \nebvv amnfamcpsS hntZzjw kmZnhn[w amnfamsc t{ZmlnpIbpw sNbvXncpn. Iem]w s]mnpdsXvBKv 20\mbncpp. 21\v s]meokns\bpw aPnkvt{Sns\bpw XncqcmSnbn\npw tImgntmtbvv ]nhenpIbpw s]meokpIm elf_m[nX{]tZifnsepw NpaXetbsSppIbpw sNbvXp. lnp WnpItbm klmbnpItbm sNpXmb amnfamcpsSFXncmfnbmb Hcmfpw Dmbncpn. lnpfpsS taep B{IaWw _o`hpw {]tIm]\clnXhpambncpp.(*Kmn B vA\mn F ]pkvXn Dcnnp aqmw A\p_n\nv, t]Pv138)

kmhnse InWdpw tIf\pw1921se HIvtSm_\hw_ amkfn tImgntmSvXmeqv ]pqcwiw apXpa\ Cv

Atm apym cWamcw`nv {Kma{]tZifn\npw IqwIqambn lnpsf ]nSnpsImphv Cmw kzoIcnm Bhiysp. aXwamn\p Xmdmbhsc amwIqn XSphbvpItbm ]dbbvpItbm sNbvXp. hnkXnhv amnm h[in hn[np. Cnt\mS\p_nv Hcp kmhpw InWdpapv. h[inbvp hn[ns lnpsf Imhntep am sN n p; Xe shn InW n se dn p. C c n \nt ]n sA]tXm Adp ]tXm ih InW n ImW sp. tIf Fp t]cmb Hcm am{XwAZv pXIcamb hn[n InWn\npw cs v Cu IY]dbm Ahtijnp. AbmvXebvp ]n`mKv cpshpI sImncpp. aphcpsS XeIfpt]mbncpp. mKyw


19/61


20/61

20

elfImcWw C.Fw.Fn\pw

\mSp hn tS n hp

ae_mdn s]mXpshbpw RfpsS {]tZiamb hph\mSpXmeqn hntijnpw amnfamCfInhimbn.... elf XpSn \mtem Atm Znhkw R FdWmIpfpXs Xmaknp. B Znhkfnsempw AhnSfn bmsXmc{Iahpw \Sncpn. ]t ]ebnSpwA{Iaw \Sppsp kwkmcapmbncpp. ChnsSbpw \Spsap bhpw. AXpsImpelfm hp IpgapmmXncnpXn\v, RfpsS ]Sn ncambn ImhtesSpn. (Cu ImhmXs amnfamcmbncpp). {ItaW elf IpdbpXn\p]Icw ]cpIbm sW dntmpI ]c m XpS n. C ep ]mew s]mfn p. Xmeq pI tcn

ssItbdn, s\pw ]Whpw tNmZnpIbpw _eambn ]nSnphmpIbpw sNbvXp CsXmsbmWv tIp IYI. Cu kmlNcyn F{X Imhepsnepw kv{XoIfpw IpnIfpwIpdpZnhkw amdnmaknpXmWv \sXp Xocpam\np.

HcpZnhkw cmhnsebmWv R AhnsS\np ]pdsXv. ]pgISv 7, 8 ssa Zqscbpsjmqpt]mhpIbmWv. DbqWn\v hpgbnep AbpsS Krln Ibdn. DuWpIgnv sjmqp \Sp.

Cu hgnsmw lnpfpw apofpambhsc ImWmambncpp. Ah Xn bmsXmcphyXymkhpan. Ahkm\w sjmqscnbtm I ImgvNbmWvelfsbpdnp t_m[apmnbXv. sdbnthtjs apJym\fnsemw shmfm \nebpdnnpv.tjImhen\p \nsnp Chp]pdsa elfmsc Aam Xmdmbn\nevp]mfhn`mKmcpw AhnsSbpv. {_nojv cWinbpsS cq]spdnv Fs PohnXn

emZyambnnp {]Xym\p`hw.sjmqcn\npw hnIbdn CcnmepStj\nsen. AhnsS\npw IpXnchnv

810 ssa Zqcvshmqcnep _pKrlnsen. ApapX ApamktmfwAhnsSbmWv IgnpIqnbXv. AhnsSmaknp Imesmw elfmcpsS A{Iasfp dnp IY I ]dpw tIpw ]{X hmbnpw a\ n emn. Fsm s d mepwamnfamsc hnizknpIqSm F NnmKXnbmWvAXnsemaSnbncpXv . KmnPnpw \nlIcW{]m\n\pw tIm{Kn\psamsaXncmb NnmKXnbmbpw CXp cq]w{]m]nncpp. CXnssbmw Ae t\cnbtXmXn Fs a\nepw ASnncpp.

Amdpamkptijw hopw GewIpftpXs Xncnphp. R CmXncpImev \mn\S kw`hsfn A\p`h ]dptItm Fs Bibpgw IpsdqSn hnpshvChnsSs ]dphbv s. \nlIcW]cn]mSnbpsS mK

ambn AwKoIcnsncp lnpapow ssa{XnbpsS ASn XIpIgnncpp. elfm\Snb A{IasfpdnvbYmtam Bb IY ]dbp lnp; s]meokv hv AdvsNpXv Ftmsgv bspsImncnpIbpw Pbnen Ignbp _psfpdnp hymIpecmbngnbpIbpw sNp apo; KmnPnsbbpw tIm{Kns\bpw ]gnp {_n ojv`m; tIm{Kns\ \ymboIcnpsXs\sbdnbmsX \nevp tZiobhmZnICXmWv nXn.(C.Fw.Fkv. \qXncnmSv, BflIY, ]pdw: 7679)


21/61

21

Zp_e\pw AkwLSnX\pamb lnp

sI. am[h \mb

ae_mel fbpsS kpZoLhpw hkvXp \n jvT hpamb Ncn {X Im c el fn c bmb lnp fpsS ASnm\]camb Zu_eys hniIe\w sNpp.

lnpfpsS PmXnhn`mKhpw Xo apXemb A\mNmcfpw Ahscn F{Xam{XwAInbncnppshpw Cs\bp B]pIfn GtIm]nvi{XptfmsSXnm km[nmsX Ahsc F{Xam{Xw Zp_ecmnbncnppshpw aps]mchkcn {]kvXmhnnpv. Fm B ImcWwsImp am{Xa amnfamtcmSv FXnm Ah Xosc AicmbnoXv. Gd\mSvXmeqn amnfam Fn lnpsfm A[nIapsp am{Xa Ah anhmdpw \ncns hpw AmSnbn sXcphpIfpsS k{ZmbnepamWvXmaknncpXv. GsXnepw Imcyn\vHcpanpIqSphm Ahp Wt\cwsImp km[npp. Fpam{Xa, hnpXmaknp ht]mepw HcpanpIqSn thp BtemN\IsNbvhm AhcpsS ]nI Ahv AXyw D]IcnpIbpw sNpp.

elfmevCXp {]tXyInpw Fmhpw A\p`h kwKXnbmWv . elfbpsS Bcw`tmSpIqSn \mnep kIe Bbp[fpw Ah Icamn. AXn\ptijw kwLw kwLambn mWv Ah lnp fpsS hoSp I sImsN bvhm XpS n b Xv. Ah cn ]pcp j man hmdpw AXXp e fn {]hnv D] Poh\w Ign p hcm Wv. Fm lnp fpsS nXn CXn\nsmw hyXymksncnpp. Ah anhcpw A[nIw Zqcw hoSphnpXma kn p p. Hmtcm ]d n lnp fpsS cphoSp I Hcp anp ImWp Xv Zp am Wv.Ahcn Db PmXnm tZlm[zm\ap {]hrnIsf \nyambn IcpXn am\yamb Irjn{]hrnsb anhmdpw Dt]nncpp. hnZym`ymkaphscmw KpakvXmcmbpw hnZym`ymkanmh tIm_namcpw in]mbnamcpw rXymcpw Bbpw Ah\h\pw hopImpwKpWanmsX A\yZnpIfn Imebm]\w sNpp. AhcpsS tZl_ew {]mtbW bnncnppshp am{Xa, Hcpanp tNcmt\m {]hrnmt\m kuIcyw \evIp bmsXmcp m]\hpw AhnXm\pw. AXn\m kwLw tNv Bbp[fpambn A{Ian\ndnb amnfamtcmSv FXnphm Ah Xosc Aicmbn. amnfam tZtlm]{Zhtaev]nphm XpSnb cm as Ln Ahcn Nne hfsc ss[c yhpw ]cm{I ahpw ImWn n cpp shnepw A[nIw P\fpsS t\sc Fstbm Npcpw NnecpsStbm [ocXbpw _e{]tbmKhpw\njv eambns Ieminp. aXwamphm \n_ns Ahkcn im[oc\mbnNpgenpds hmkptZh\qXncn acWs hcnp. Ctlw GXp kapZmbn\pw A`nam\n iqc]pcpjXsbmbncpp. Xs hoSns\bpw IpSpw_sbpw cnphmthn

Poh _ensImSp thsdbpw ]e DZmlcWfpv. Ahsbmw ChnsS hnhcnphm Hcppn.

kwLSnWw icmhWwta {]kvXmhnhn[w Aev]w Nne elfmcpsS t\sc _ehpw D]mbhpw {]tbmKnv

FXnp sh nepw BI msS lnp \mSpw hntm Sn tmhp I bmWp sNbvXXv. ]tCXpsImsmpw lnp bmsXmcp ]mThpw ]TnXmbn tXmpn. Ah\hs kapZmbn ep Ak a Xz Xov tZl_ ehpw kwL _ ehpw hn n p hm Ah {inm ]w Ahsctmgpw Cu B]pIvhisSphm hgnbpXmsWXn\p kwiban. amnfam Am\nepw Ahnizmknepw apgpInbncnpnStmfw Imew lnp


22/61

22

vAhcpsSbnSbn\nv Ccw B]pI t\cnSphm\nSbpXmWv. AXn\m amnfamsc ]cnjvIcnphm\pw XfpsS kapZmbn _m[nnp tZmj Xophm\pw

lnp _m[ycmbncnpp.(ae_m elf, t]Pv 212213)

Xqhq cnse InW (1921 BKv 24)Xqhqcn\pw Icphmc Ipn\pw at[ybp sampns sNcnhn Hcp InWdpv. CXn\

Spv sNc tcn Cn n tm b fpw 4000 Hmfw A\p bm bnIfpw Hcp h]n tbmKwtNp. Hcp sNdnb acns XWenep ]mdta X Bk\\mbn. ssII ]nnsI nb\nebn \mev]Xn]cw lnp AbmfpsS apntem\bnsp. ]mfs klmbnpsh Ipw AhcpsSta Npan. apspt]sc h[inbvp hn[np. aqpt]scshSnhXmbn ]dbsSpp. _mnbphsc Hmtcmcpcmbn InWnIcbntep sImphp.

Bcmm InWphp Hcp sNdnb acn\Spp\nvHmtcmcpscbmbn XeshnInWntep Xn. InWnsednbsncphcn Nnep Poh\pmbncpp. ]t csS Akm[yambncpp. \ sN]mdbn shnpgn InWdn\v AcmWpI Cmbncpp. Cu IqsmebpsS aqmwZnhkhpw InWn\npw Icn tImambncpphs{X! F{X bcambncpncnWw AhcpsS acWw! Iqsme \S kabw agmeambncpXn\m InWn shapmbncpp. Fm Ctm AXp hnbnpv. Bpw B oIcZriyw ImWm Ignbpw. InWn\Sn`mKw a\pjymnIsfsmp \ndncnpp. FsIqsSbpmbncp ]WvUnv Ejndmw F BcykamPw anj\dn apXp XetbmSpI FpI bp m bn. Hcp Xe tbm Sn s\ n {]tX yIw ]cmain t Xp v. AXp cp Xpe yJ WvUfmbn hn`Pnsncpp. Hcp CuhmsImv cmbn Cup apdns B Xe IpamcWn F Hcp hrtXmbncppshp ]dbsSpp.

({io. C. cmatat\m _n.C., amnfelf F ]pkvXIn\nv)

C.Fw.Fkv. Apw Cpw""A{IaclnXamb \nlIcW{]m\n\pthnbmbncpn, t\scadnv, X\n lnwkm

flIamb kacn\pthnbmbncnpw CScmcmb {]mtZinIt\Xmm amnfIjIsc kwL Sn n Xv. Bdpam ks ITn \m zm\ n \p tijw am{Xta kpi amb {_nojvkm{amPyXzns ]SbmfnIv Cu hnhs ASnam Ignpq. A{X ka{Kambncpp AhcpsS kwLS\mkmayw. AhcpsS \nb{Wn\mbncp {]tZifn HcpX\n P\Iob` cWw Gs Sp p hm el f e h \mb Ip l Zv lmPnp Ign p;sXs ae_mdns q{]IrXn Hfntm apdIv Ah AXnkmaytmsS D]tbmKsSp n; Hcn Cf n hn p I gn m F{X in tb dnb FXn cm fn sb tmepw FXnp \n

evm\p hgnbpw IgnhpIfpw IsphmX kmayaphcmWv amnfIjIscvCXp icnpw sXfnbnp.''(C.Fw.Fv., "tIcfCse, Cpw \msfbpw')Ctm {io. C.Fw. Fkv. Cu \ne ]mSv amp Ibpw el f bpsS hobkz mhw AwKo I cnpIbpw elf bnse c km nIpIqSn s]j A\p h ZnWsav Bh i y s Sp IbpwsNppv.

arKobhpw A\nb{nXhpamb Immfw""Jnem^v{]tm`w, amnfamsc BIam\w Cfnadnp. elf, bYmn {_nojv

Khsans\Xncmbp Hcp {]tm`ambncpp. {_nojvKhsans\ ]pdwXn Xm


23/61

23

\v Cm an I cWw m]n W sa Xm bn cpp Dt iyw. In I, hmfp I, Ip Fnh kzIm c y ambn \nn pI bpw, {_nojv `c W Iq S ns Bm \s XIm

Fn\pw aSnbnm A{IanIsf kwLSnnpIbpw sNbvXp. 1921 BKv 30\v XncqcmSnbnhvamnfamcpw {_nojv ssk\yhpw Xn Hcp D{Kamb kwL\w \Sp. tdmUpIfnam X Sw krjvSn p Ibpw sSe {Km^v In Ifpw sdbnth sse\p Ifpw ]e bnS fnepwapdnpIbpw sNbvXp. cWkvXw`\w \nehnhtXmsS, kzcmPvm]ns ncnppshpamnfam {]Jym]np. Hcp Benapkenbmsc cmPmhmbn hmgnp. Jnem^v sImSnI \mpI bpw, Gd \m Sv, hp h \mSv Xmeq p I Jnem v cmPy ambn {]J ym ]npIbpw sNbvXp.{_nojv Khsans\Xncmb Iem]sa \nebvv CsXmw XnIpw a\nemmhptXbpq. Fm, F{XbmtemNnmepw a\nemhmXv, ae_mdnse lnpfpsS t\vamnfam Imnb hn{InbIfmWv. amnfamcpsS ssIsImp lnpp t\cn ZpXn bcambncpp. sImeI, _ew{]tbmKnp aX]cnh\w, t{X[zwk\, K`nWnIfmbkv{XoIsf shnnfpI XpSn kv{XoIfpsS t\p lo\amb s]cpamw, sImnhbv]v,

hn[zwkI Fpth arKobhpw A\nb{nXhpamb Immfns Fm ZpjvIrXyfpwlnpfpsS ta amnfam \n_m[w \Sn. Zpahpw hnimehpamb B {]tZiv \nbahmgvN ]p\m]nm ]mfw FntcpXphsc CXp XpSp. sImsSpIbpw aXwams Sp Ibpw apdnth ev]n s Sp Ibpw sNbvX lnp fpsS Fw IrX yambn Adn p IqSm.Fm, Xobmbpw AXp oaamb HmbncnWw.''(tUm. Awt_ZvI, "]mInkvXm Asn CybpsS hn`P\w')

""Hmanptm Rm \odntmIpp'""ae_mdn kw`hn Imcy, AhnSs Npp]mSpI icndnbmhp \psSsbmw

a\ns\ ImpXnpIbmWv. \psS amnfktlmZcmp { mp ]nSns]pt]mbn Ftmanptm Fs lrZbn\np cw hmsmenpIbmWv. Ah DtZymKmsc h[np

Fp Nnnptm Fs lrZbw thZ\npp. Ah lnphoSpI sImbSnpIbpw\qdpIWn\p kv{Xo]pcpjmsc h\clnXcpw WclnXcpampIbpw sNbvXpshtmptm Fs thZ\bvXncn. lnpsf Cmantev _emmcambn Ah aXwamm{ianpshtmptm Rm \odntmIpp.''(KmnPn, bMv Cy, 2291921)


24/61

24

tNmcbnep Ip\ocnepw

IpXn IYIkn. ]mdpA, Nmwhon, tXnmew, aepdwPn20 1 1973

Fs A ]pgShv am v Ipn\mb F IrjvW\pn \mbsc 1921se amnfelfbn apo ]nSnpsImpt]mbn shnsmvHcp InWnenp. honepmbncp km[\fpw elfm sImsNbvXp.

sI.kn. _meIrjvW\mb, hmmS hoSv, Xrpfw19 10 1973

Fs s] sNdnbwhon s]mbn IppA F kv{Xo apSp Hcp kv{Xobm

bncpp. cp sNhnpw tIhn Dmbncpn. Cu kv{Xosb apow elfm hmsImshn Igpdpv Rm Ctm Xmaknphcp Xrpfw Awin hmmS ]dnepInWdn ihw Cp. Cu ISpwssI sNbvXXv RfpsS kao]cmb apowIfmWv. CXn\pw]pdsa Fs Hcp Amhs\bpw shnsmp InWnenp.

kn. IrjvW\mb, aTn hoSv, Xrpfw, 191019731921se amnfelfbn AXnZmcpWamb hn[n IimpsNs Hcp lnphns aI

\mWv Rm... Fs As A sNdn bw ho n s]mbn IrjvW\mb Xncqc mSnXrpfw Awinse Hcp tImmc\mbncpp. {]mbm[nIym DtZymKn\np ]ncnphon Ccnm bn cp p. B Ah k c n emWv 1921se amn f e lf s]mnp d s Xv. tij mscmw HmSn A\yZnntep t]mbn. \Sm km[nmXpsImv Atlw t]mbn. ASp

p Nne apowI hv AtltmSv CmwaXw kzoIcnm ]dp. hbkpImevC\n h Fv Atlw Xop ] d p. Atm At ls Ah Zmcp W amw hn[w shnsmesSpn ihw Fs Abpw apw Ctm Xmaknphcp hophfnep InWn\nt]np.

aebn inip]me, aebnhoSv, t_q, tImgntmSv24 10 1973

Fs As A\pP\mb aebn _mpsh amnfelfbn shnsmesSpn. A\pPs ZpacWn\ptijw A\p am\knItcmKw ]nSns]p. Atlw As ae_m XpnSnbpsS ss{Uhdmbncpp.

hn. _me, AsmSn hoSv, Acnbq, ]memSv Pn17 10 1973

amnfelfmevFs hon elfm {]thinp. hfscb[nIw s\pw ]m{XfpwB`cWfpw sImpt]mbnpv. sImbvn\v BfpIsf hnfnm hon\nv Cdnncn Fs Hcp henbmhs\ (Inp) elfm ]nSnp.

]mfmv Cf\o CpsImSpp Fp]dv BZyw sNhn cpw Adpv AhcpsSIqsS sImp t]m bn. ]ns GXmv cp \mgnI AI ev Xosc B]mnm Hcpephvsh nsmv InWdntev cp Xpambn Acnp. ApXs ASp ho nseHcmsfbpw C{]Imcw sImp FmWdnhv.


25/61

25

Hmmncn mkvIc, ]pq, tImgntmSv22 10 1973

tImgn tmSv Xmeq n s] ]pq hnt Pn ]Sn mtd sXmSn bn IWm c (CXvFgpXp BfpsS AbpsS A) ]mhsh\pw ]mWkapZmbnsh\pw 4 s]afpsS ]nXmhpw Bbncpp. Cfb s]Ipns 28mw Znhkw Dphmm ]oSnIbntept]mbtm Iem]ImcnI Atls tdmUnhp ]nSnIqSn. 32 hbp {]mbhpw \mepafpsSbpw mcybpsSbpw GImhew_hpamb Atlw ""ASnbs\ shdpsX sImcptX'' Fp\nehnfnt]nnpw bmsXmcp ZmnWyhpw IqSmsX Ah Atls hmfpsImp IgppshnsmpIbmWp sNbvXXv. CXn\p ZrIvkmnIfmbh Nnescnepw Cpw Pohnncnppv. Atlns \mepafpw Cpw Pohnncnpv. Cu {]tZifn thsdbpw]e lnpfpw elfmcpsS ISpwssIIncbmbnpv.

sI. Ap\mb, IfpSn hoSv, ]ntmSv, tImgntmSv

20101973Fs AbpsS ktlmZc App\mbsc 1921se elfbn amnfam shnsImp

IbmWpmbXv. Av kpam 30 hbv {]mbapmIpw. F\nv Ap aqphbt {]mbapq. Rm\pw Fs A\pw Abpw av Amhmcpw elfsb t]Snp \mSphnncpp.

sI. kn. IeymWn A, sI. kn. Nnp A, sI. kn. evan A, am tbn hoSv,tXnmew, 23101973

1921se amnfelfbn Fs A\mb IrjvWWnsc amnfam shnsmpIbpwhoSv Xohp \innpIbpw sNbvXp. Abpw afmb Rfpw ssZhIr]bm csp.As\ shn sImesSpnbXn\ptijw A A[nIImew Pohnphm km[nmsX acnp.

sI. Cnc, I\nbn hoSv, sshZycmSn, tImgntmSv21 10 1973

1921 sk]vXw_ amkn Xncpnbnhv Fs A AntmSv ics\ elfm shnsmpIbpw ]pc Xohp \innpIbpw sNbvXp.

kn. cmLh, Iqthcn, Iq, 13101973sImtmnv Ingv AcotmSv hntPnembncpp Fs As kztZiw. Hcp Znhkw

cm{Xn aX {`mp ]nSn amn f am As hoSv B{I an p Ibpw ssIbn ]nnbh sc sbmwsImm' apXncpIbpw sNbvXp. amXm]nXmfpw apw acnphogpXpItm A XsCfb ktlmZcnbpsS ssI]nSnpsImv CcpneqsS HmSncsp. A\v Ap ]Xn\mtem

]Xn \tm hbp am{Xta Dm bncp p q. Ch Ah km\w el f_m [n X {] tZ i tp\ntbmKnncp Hcp k_v Ckvs]IvSdpsS ap]nsNp s]p. Atlw Cu cp IpnIsfbpw Xetcnbnep Xs hon sImphp hfn.

]n. am[hn A, Fen hoSv, ]p, aepdw18 10 1973

Fs Amhs\ amnfelfbn shnsmp. RfpsS kzp \innpIbpwsNbvXp. CXpImcWw Amhs mcybpw IpnIfpw IjvSnembntmbn

tXmn tIfp ]pwIpv ]qemp hoSv, cma\mpIc


26/61

26

Fs hneb\mb As\ amnfelfm shnsmp. aphscmw hon\npt\cs Hgnpt]mbncpp. RfpsS hoSv elfm Xohp \innpIbpw sNbvXncpp.

Sn.]n. A, B\amSv, aepdw, 261019731921se elfmev Fs As\ aepdwPnbnse s]mSnbm v F ep\np

amnfam IqwtNp hp hon\np ]nSnpsImpt]mbn ASpp Hcp AcbmenNphnhp shnsmpIbmWp sNbvXXv. AdpsImeIqSn B BenNphnhp Xs \Sp. sImshscmw lnp Xsbmbncpp.

ASmwIn Ntma, Xmactcn, tImgntmSv26101973

Fs henb\mbncp Imb Ntmas\ amnfam ]nSnpsImpt]mbn shn sImesSppIbpw honepmbncp B`cWfpw ap km[\fpw Ih sNpIbpw hoSns

]e mKfpw \innpIbpw tISphcppIbpw IpImenIsf AgnpsImpt]mhpIbpwsNbvXp. elfm Nhnns]mn hmXnepIfpw NpacpIfpw s]mnv Dchpw Cpw AtXt]mse Bpw ImWmhpXmWv.

]pev \mcmbW, tKm]me, IeymWn, sImSphn, tImgntmSv1921 \S amnfelfbn Fs A\mb DWnmcsh amnfam ]nSnpsImpt]mbn

shnsmp. Rm\pw Fs Abpw A\pP\pw A\pPnbpw am{Xta Dmbncppq.F\nv Av 9 hbpw A\pPnv 3 hbpw A\pP\v Hcp hbpw am{Xta Dmbncppq. honse Fm km[\fpw elfm sImsNbvXp sImpt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp.

sI.Sn. thembp[, Xr\n, aepdw Pn

RfpsS A Nmcppnsbbpw A\pP Dnbphns\bpw AhcpsS A Npnsbbpw elfeh IplZv lmPnbpw ]mnbpw Hcp Znhkw hoSn\pw hon\SppAwitcnpw XosImSpp \inntijw tad aqpt]scbpw ""IpfnnpIbphm'' (sh n sm es Sp pI) Hcp ssaZq sc bp Xr \ n bn tep sImp t]mhp IbpwsNbvXp. hgnbn hv RfpsS A Nmcppn kq{Xn HmSn csp. ap cpt]scelfm \nnXephv shnsmpIbpw sNbvXp.

Rmdmv ]pdmbn s]cnbmc Nm, ]pfn, aepdw, 13111973taSn Xmeqv AwiwtZiv Imncn Xmaknpw tNepdp IpdpmcpsS hon

hv Fs A s]cnbmc \mhpnbpw As A\pP s]cnbmc \oem\pw amnfelfmcm shSnhp sImsXmWv. Av 13 hbp{]mbap Rm kw`hep\nv

HmSn csXmbncpp.

sI.]n. IeymWnpn A, ]qtmnbn hoSv, AcotmSv, 13111973Fs hoSvGd\mSv Xmeqn AcotmSwinse sImgtmq tZimWv . Fs A

bpsS aqktlmZc\mb Aptat\m F ictat\m\mWvRfpsS IpSpw_Imcyt\mnhXv.

1921se amnfelfbn Hcp i\nbmgvN AcotmSv Nncnhp IgnpaSnhcptmamnfam Dtiw DXncnp cpaWnvAtls kwLwtNp ]nSnpsIpIbpw AcotmSv ]pgbn sImpt]mbn (Ipfnn Iw) XeshpIbpw sNbvXp. Xsbpa amnf am R fpsS hoSv ssItb dp Ibpw [m\ y fpw Inn, Dcpfn apX embh FSp psImp


27/61

27

t]mhpIbpw AXn\p]pdsa Xpdm apdnIfpsS hmXnepI shnsmfnpIbpw sNbvXp.CuhI kwKXnIsfmw Xs Cpw RfpsS hon hm Ghpw ImWmhpXmWv.

]n. {iotZhn A, IpfwIpw hoSv, ]p, aepdw711 1973

Fs cvAmhmscbpw Hcp Bfsbbpw 1921se amnfelfbn shnsmpIbpwA\h[n kzp elfm sImbSnpIbpw sNbvXp.

sI. Ipp, ]pXptmSv, aepw, 13111973elfmesmcp Znhkw ]pebvvHcpIqw amnfam sNdpImhwiw t]m v tZiv

sImfm vtImcphns hon IbdnspIbpw Abmsf hnfnpWn shSnhpsImpIbpwsNbvXp. At l ns mc ybpw cv Ba fpw (Ip p, Np) Ctmgpw Pohnn cnpv.


28/61


29/61

29

sap ]dv oj Wn s Sp n, Xncn p t\m msX t]mI W sap ]d p. AtX {] Imcwt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. As\ cma\mpIcbn sNp. Apw ]ntZnhkhpw henbs\ In

. As\ Xmakw ammhntemn \memw Znhkw AhnsS Innb hnhcw cpZnhkw henbs\ XSn tiJcamdpsS hon Adbn Cp]qnsbpw aqmwZnhkw sNdphmSn]pgbn sImpt]mbn shn sImesSpn FpamWv....

amWnb sXmSn, Ncp, Xncnbc hoSv, ]n.H., DucIw, taapdn, aepdw 221019731921se el f bn Fs hmcn bIp Ipp ap l Zv lmPnbpw Iqcpw ]nSn p sIm

pt]mbn. aXwamdmw Fp ]dtm Rsf D]{Zhnn. aXwamdm Xmdnsp ]dinmcv tKmhn\mb, In sXmSnbn Cnnc A aI am[hn A, am[hnAbpsS mhv ]ncnbmvDIpn \mb Fnhsc DucIw aebpsS ]Snmdv Xmgv hcbmbInf\tmphv Xeshn InWn Cp. Chsc RfpsS Iqn\nmWvthXncnpsImpt]mbXv. R ]noSv amnfamcpsS ]nSnbn\np cs v aepdvA`bw {]m]np.

Cumncn them v cma\mb, aepdw Pnae_m elfmev Fs AbpsS Abvv aqp s]afpw Hcp aI\pw Dm

bncp p. Ch cn Nne s]cIa Awiw aSn ticn tZiv Rm\pw Fs ktlmZ cn amcnNnecpw A Hnv FSh Awinepambncpp XmaknncpXv. Fm Fs AbpsS ap ktlmZcnam evan A, ]mhXn A, hp\mb Fnh Ama ic\mbcpsS IqsS Cumncn Awinepambncpp XmaknncpXv. honepmbncp \ ]Ww,]w, Dup dp p I, ^Wn apX em bh elf m ]e kwLm cp ambn aqp h whvIh\Sn Fmw sImpt]mhpIbpw Ama ic\mbsc sambvXoIpn lmPn Xmaknn cp Icp v C tp sNm ]dn p sp ]dv el fm Iqn smpt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp.

Fs Amht\mSv Zo hnizknWsapw Am]w shnsmpsapamWvelfm ]dncpXv. Poh\p cbnsp Itm As\ sNmsapw Fs IpSpw_ s]cp Ip av Awi nepw FS h Awi nepw Xmakn p h cp p. AXn \m Ah scqSn sImp h c Xn tev ]mv Xc W sapw Am h ]d p. Fm Acn iw sImel f m X\np ]m , \Spv ]pg c bn tev Fp ]dp ]pgbn sImp t]mbnshpIbmWpmbXv. elf \Sptm Fs A ]pamkw K`nWnbmbncpp. Amhs\ sImtijw elfm hv AtbmSpw s]amtcmSpw A\pPt\mSpw aXwamdm\n_np. Amhs\ sImXmbn AdnbnpIbpw sNbvXp. Pohcbvpthn AXns\kXnpIbpw aXwamn apowt]cpIfpw hkv{Xfpsamw ]d{]Imcw kzoIcnpIbpwsNtnhp.

Ipdp Zn hkw Ign tm FS h ]mfw hcp Ibpw el f m Adn bmsX Rfpw

ap ]ecpw FS h Fp Ibpw sNbvXp. AhnsS Ipn k_v Ckvs] IvSRp hkv{Xhpw ` Whpw Xv Rsf cnv GXmv cp amkw Ignv elfAhkm\nXn\ptijamWv\mntep XncnXv.

]mtdm sNdpn\mb, ]n.H. ]pq, sImSphn, tImgnsmSvFs PtZiamb NmawKew shtmSv F ev 1921emWv Cu Iem]w h

Xv. AXn Fs IpSpw_ns ]e Bmcpw ewamdn XmaknpIbpw elfmFs _emm cambn ]nSn p sIm p t]mbn Igpv shm {ian p Ibpw sNbvXn cp p.Fm GtXm {]Imcn Rm HmSn csp. ]t Fs IqsS ]nSnpsImpt]mbncp ha\bn cmapn Fnhsc Xkabw Xs Ah shnsmp.


30/61

30

CsXmw Iv bsph Rm honsepIbpw kwKXn ]dbpIbpw IpSpw_ktaXwhon\nv GXmv 20 ssae Ise aS F e tp Xmakw amp Ibpw sNbvXp.

Fm Cu bm{Xbn Fmwssa aSn]mv F ephv A\mb tKmhn\mb acnp. Cu \mn \S Iem]w GXmv 9 amk tmfw \op \nevp Ibpw AXp Ignv R aSnsbnbtm F\nv AhImisXpw Fs kzw hon DmbncpXpamb km[\fpw IpImenIfpw \jvSsXmbn ImWpIbpw sNbvXp.

IqSmsX Fs ASp _ns Cp\mb, C. cma\mb, DWymX, CmWnA Fnhsc CmwaXn _emmcw tNpIbpw sNbvXncpp. Chsc hfsc\n_nvImfamwkw XonpIbpw sNbvXp. Fm Iem]w Ignv aSn R Fnbtm Ah RfpsS kapZmbntep aSntXmWv.

F.F. \mcmbW\mb, sNdpftcn, HmewelfmevRm XmaknncpXv hph\mSv Xmeqv ]md Awiw ]mfwIpfw tZiv

Fs Asbpw AbpsSbpw IqsSbmbncpp. Xmgs Ipfp\np s]cnasslkvIqfntev 4 ssa Imp{]tZipIqSn \SsWw. As\ 1921 Hcp XnfmgvNcmhnse Imphgn s]cnabnsen sXmp Xmeqmokn\nv AXnKw`ocamb ]pIBImitpbcppmbncpp. kvIqfn\nvaSn Xmeqmokns ]Snsenbtm\nch[n amnfam aShmfpw [cnp\nevpXp ImWpIbpw bhnlzecmbn 4 \mgnI ImSphgnHmSn As honsepIbpw sNbvXp.

oWhpw ZmlhpwsImp he Rm Ipd [nIw shw IpSn n cn p ka bvkpam 80Hmfw amnfam hon Ibdnhp. HmtcmcpcpsS ssIbnepw hSn, aShm apXembamcImbp[ Dmbncpp. A ]pdtshnsStbm t]mbncpp. hhcn HcpIrjvW\mb FhnsS t]mbn Fp tNmZnp. bhnlzecmb Rm, A, tPyjvT, A\pP Fm hcpw Dds \nehn fn p. \ne hnfn tI v A ASp hon\npw HmSn sbn.

AhcpsS Bhiyw FmsWmcm *** Ah ]Whpw s\psamw Bhiysp. sImSpnsn Fmhscbpw sImpsap ]dMvRp. kzXth ss[cyhm\mb A RtfmSpaShmsfSpm ]dp. 4 Fns\ sImt A acnq, tijw \n hcpXv A\p` hn pI Fp ]dp. aS hm sf Spm A AI tp IS tm FmWp kw` hnp F bn Rsfmw hmhnedn. HSphn A sImmvHmtcm ]d s\pwHmtcm DdpnIbpw sImSpv Fs\sbnepw ]dbp.

takw hw Ignv AmwZn hkw Fm hcpw cm{Xn DuWp I gnp InS p. cpImhmsc Atmtgpw hon \nnbn cpp (Hcp amn fbpw Hcp \mb cpw). kpam 10aWnv Ipsd amnfam hm, tXmv, Ipw Fnhbpambn hv Imhmc \mbsc ASnpIbpw s\pIpp De FSpv IXIn\v IppIbpw sNbvXp. ]pdp InSncpImhm c IrjvW\m b hmXn Xpdn As n amn f am Fs sImp sav

Dds Aednsmncpp. CXptI vhmXn Xpdp. As\ Ah Im, ssI, apJw FnhsIn \nep hogvn ]e t`Z y fpw Gev]n p. AXn\p tijw Ipsd t] amfn I bn IbdnXpWn Fbn apn CS\mgnIbnepw apw Innp. CXpIv R \nehnfnm XpSn.

honse kIe kma{KnIfpw Ah ISnsmpt]mbn. ]ns apIfn\np Xmgphpt\mnbtm A _\n anphmt]mepw hmsX InSpXmWv IXv.tZlamkIew hndbvppmbncpp.

As\ IpdpZnhkw IgnvAsbpw B Awiw A[nImcnbsSbpw Xe thWsap]d p\Sp Xmbn R dnhp Innb DSs\ As\ Fm Zn h khpw ]I apgp hXns apIfn Hfn npw. cm{Xn s\ns CSbn ]mSv XWp p hn dp Ign p Iq pw.


31/61

31

Cs\ Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Bcpw AdnbmsX Rsfmhcpw ImnIqSn \Sp\Sp s]cnabn Fntp. Hcp hjw s]cna bn IgnpIqn. Atmtgpw elf

Hsmp ianXn\mepw A{Ian amnfam innsXn\mepw R IpSpw_ktaXwP\n \mntep Xs Xncnpt]mp.

Fkv.sI. ]n. cma\qXncn, ]mn1921 BKv amkw Hcp Znhkw Imev]paWntbmSpIqSn tdmUn\nv GXm\pw Nne

kwLambn CdpXv Fs A Ip. A AXpIv ]cn{`anv Fmhscbpw hon\Imn hmXneSncnpIbpw As A\pP\mb \oeIWvT\qXncntbmSvBscsbnepwhnfnpsImphvB]n\np csSpm ]dp. Atlw IpdpZqcw t]mbtmXm am{Xw csSpXp icnbspw hcp B]v Fmhpw HcpanvA\p`hnmsapdvCtp Xs aSn. elfm Imncpp. Fs At\mSv ]Ww BhiysSpIbpw ]pd p s] \oe I WvT\ q Xn cnsb ZmcpWamw hn[w an p Ibpw sNbvXp. A

Ipdp cq] P\ egn bn eqsS Cp sIm Sp p. el f m AXp sImp Xr]vXn s SmsX hopw\oeIWvT\qXncnsb anp. hmXnen inbmbn tImSmen D]tbmKnp shm\pw XpSn.

shn b Xns ]mSpI Ctmgpw ImWm hp Xm Wv. kpam Hcp aq c a WntbmsS ]mfwhcppsh kqN\ e`ntm Ahscmw ]ncnpt]mbn. aqp\mepamkw IgntmsImmcpsS a\ta \oeIWvT\qXncn acnp.

F. hnimemn A, IcnmSvRfpsS h y am Xmhv \{v Imfn A 1921se Jnem^ nse hf sc b [nIw ZpcnXw

A\p`hn hynbmWv. elfbn Asb aXwampIbpw tZtlm]{Zhhpw sNpIbpapmbn. aXwamnb Ahkcn AbpsS t] ]mp Fmbncpp. A\pw Jnem^n

hfscb[nIw _pnapnbnpv. hfscb[nIw ]cppI A\pw Gnpv.

]n.sI. cmaIpn, DucIw tateapdn, aepdw1921se amnfelfbpsS Zpc^e XnIpw A\p`hnnp F\nv Iem]w \S

Imev 41 hbv {]mbamWv. Ap \ BtcmKyhm\pw A[zm\ioe\pambncpp Rm. hfscb[nIw IjvS\jvSf\p`hntnhnp F\nntm 93 hbmbn.

kw`hw \S Imev Rm\pw IpSpw _hpw ]mp hncp Xv ItSm Sv ]dv Fembncpp. elfm hcpps Dulmt]mlw \mSmsI ]cp. Atm ChnSsHcp [\mVy\mb Ipnpdv]Wnsc aX]cnh\n\pw hoSp sImsNpXn\pambnIm aq ebn\npw Ip l Xv lmPnbpw Iqp Imcpw s]mSn bm v \nv (a e pdw taap dn)Hcp kwLw ]pdspshsmcp hm ImpXot]mse ]cp. IgnX\pkcnv \ Btcm

Kyhmmcmb \qtdmfw lnpbphm Ipnpdw ]WncpsS hoSv ImpXn\mbn GmSvsNbvXncpp. Aqn Rm\pw Dmbncpp. Fs IpSpw_m elfmsc bv aepdw ]mf I ymn\p kao]w ]mnp. Ipd p Zn hkw Ign tm Ipdp apow Isf IqSnImhent\sSppIbpw AhcpsS \mbIXzw hlnpXn\v ]mWms Hcp Xsf IqnsmphmpIbpw sNbvXp. cmgvN Igntm X HcSnbcmhiyw ]dv]mWmtv ]ntZnhkw Xs hcmsatpt]mbn. At Znhkw Xs Imh \nncp apowIfpw Hmtcm Imc Ww ]dv ew hn p. Apcm{Xn kpam 10 aWn tbmSp IqSn sIm mRsf hfp. kwLn apqtdmfw t]cpmbncpp. elfm ]Snpcbv Fnbtm XpSscpSscbmbn cpshSn, ]SnpcbpsS ASppmbncp Fcnacntephp. Bfnp B\ DbnnSnpw Nns IW tXmfntenbpw kempw


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sNmn BfpI XpcpXpcm {]hlnpXpSn. Imhmcmbn \nncp Rfpw B honsekv{XoIfpw IpnIfpw ]pcpjmcn Nnecpw Awhn v \mep]mSpw HmSn. R \mept] (1.

]pg tNmbn, 2. ]pg Ipqn, 3. t]md mSn Xman, 4. ]Snmd I cmaIpn)Fnh Hcp hgnmWv HmSnbXv. cm{Xn IpdIsebp Hcp IpnapIfn IgnpIqn. cpZnhkw ]nsbpw R \mns Npnn IgnpIqSn.

apo CfInh cp pspw lnp sf Im hnSn spw \n_ np aX ] cnh\w sNnppspw aepdw taapdnbnse Hcp [\mVy\mbncp Hcp tiJctat\ms\aX ] cn h\w sNbvXp sh p ap hm \msSpw ]c p. AtXmsS hon ep m bn cpkkzhpw Dt]nvR GXm\pw BfpI kwLambn aepdtp ]pdsp. kyabnbXn]nsbmWvR ]pdsXv . hgnaty aepdw Awins ]SnmdvnXnsNp FtSmew Fp ]dphcp ev Hcp kwLw BfpI \nncpp. RASpsnbtm Ah RfpsS Iqntep NmSnhoWp. HmtcmcpcpsSbpw ssI]nSnp\nn ssIbnepmbncp knbpw aSnbpw Fmw ]cntim[np. Innb ]Ww XnsbSp

p. ]cntim[\bn s]Smhcmbn BcpwXs Ahtijnncpn. RfpsS IqnAhtcmSv FXn \memfp Isf Ah _e ambn ]nSn p\nn (1. tNcqm c XS nIpn s ch, 2. ]mtd ]pc cmaIpn sshZ y, 3 Dw 4 Dw DucIw kz tZ in I fmb\mbmcmbncpp). Rsf ]cntim[nXn\ptijw ]pdp XpIbpw ]rjvS`mKv NhnpIbpw sNbvXpsImv HmSns\Sm Fv Bt{Iminv Poh\pw sImtmSn. R IppIbdn.Ipnap I fn sen Xncn p t\mn b tm I ImgvN lrZ b s`ZIam bn cp p sh nepwR Pohnm \p Bi b sImv bmsXmpw sNbvXn. RfpsS Iq n\np XSphncphsc \nepInSn GXm\pw BfpI ssIImepI AannSnv \ofaphmsImvIgpn aqcpXpIv hopw HmSn aepdv RfpsS IpSpw_ ]mhncp esntp.

Ccn ]e`mKp\npw elfmsc bvHmSnsbnb \qdncw IpSpw_

PohnXw apnbtm aSpdw tImSn nXnsNp k{Xn hcm ]dX\pkcnv R Xncnpt]mp. ASpZnhkw k{Xn sNp. [mcmfw Acn AhnsSbpmbncpp. apXnhv \mgnbpw IpnIv Dcnbpw hoXw Acn XpsImncpp. CXv Bdpamktfmfw XpSp. C\n elfsbmw AancnsImv Fmhpw \mn t]mIphm\p Iev]\ Inn. Dn bhpambn kIpSpw_w \mntep Xncnp.

honsenttm honepmbncp kkzhpw sImbSnXmbn ImWm Ignp.

InfnIpp Nman, XqhqFs hon\nv ap\ mSn sambvXp Fs ]nSn psImp t]m bn. kpam 40 ]cw

lnpsf shnsmn Xqhqcnep s]mtm v InWntev ssI cpw ]nntev sIn

bmWp sImp t]m b Xv. Av F\nv kpam 16 hb p v. B InW dn\v ASpp Xma knp s]mtm v skbvXehnIpnlmPn Fs Ip. Abm ssI AgnphnSm ]dp.As\bmWv Rm csXv.

tImtmv Dnpamc \mb, t]mv ]pqcv, hgnsImSphn, tImgntmSv Pn,14 11 1973

Fs {]tZiamb s]m v ]pq F ev 1097 Xpemw amknemWv elfh Xv. AXn Fs IpSpw _ nshcpw Fs Abhmkn I fns hcp amb A\h[nlnpsf apo shnsmpXvF\np ImWm Ignnpv . Cu ]cnXnXnbnRm\pw IpSpw _hpw Fs hon\npw GXmv 20 ssatemfw AI se bp tImgntmSv


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]pXnbd F ev tXccv Inbn F hon A`bw{]m]np.RfpsS Cu btmn kzw s]mcmb \mcmbWnb, IeymWnb Fn

hcpw ]sSpncpp. Cu Iem]w ChnsS 9 amktmfw \op\nevpIbpw AXnnsR aSnsbnbtm F\nvAhImisXpw Fs kzw ho n DXpamb ]eXpwF\nvFstpambn \jv Sw hcnIbpw sNbvXncnpp.

]nemtmn tNmbn, t]mv ]pqcv, hgnsImSphn, tImgntmSv Pn, 15111973F\nv1997 Xpemwamkn ChnsS hobIem]w \Sptm 21 hbtmfw {]mbam

bncpp. lnppmbncp kzpsf IhsNbvsXSppIbpw Ahsc sskzcambnPohnm\\phZnmsX amcImbp[fpambn ]nXpScpIbpw sNbvXXn\mepw ChnsS Pohnm bapXn\mepw Rm\pw A\pw Abpw A\pPm cmpw Hcp tPyjvT\pw Hcps]fpw IqSn Fs hon\nv GXmv 15 ssatemfw Zqscbp tImapNmen Cnymphns hon A`bw {]m]npIbpw sNbvXp.

IqSmsX F\nv \hw ]cnNbaph\pw Fs kvt\lXn\pamb \mbcpIn sNdntbm a \StIdn tNmbn Fn hsc apo ]nSn p sIm p t]mbn \mIm fo Im hn Fep hv KftZw sNbvXXmbpw F\np ]dbm Ignbpw.

9 amkw Ignv ho b I em]w GXmv Ah km \np F hnh cw Inn Rm\pw Fshtbm[nIcmb A\amcpw aSnsbnbtm Rm Xmaknncp ]nemtmn FhoSv apo Xohp \innpIbpw ap ]e km[\fpw \innpIbpw sNbvXXmbpwIp.

A\mv ao\mn A, Ccpshn Awiw tZiw1921 \neq tImhneIphv amnfam Fs mhmb ]pnpv ApX\m

bsc sImp Ibpw Fs ]e t`Z yfpw sNpIbpw Dm bn. CXv At\ zjn p hmt\m h

cbpw sNphmt\m CXphscbpw Bscbpw In. F\nv Ctm 80 hbmbn.

hn. Docn takv{Xn, He]q Ftv, Imhbeel f bpsS hnhc a dnv Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Fs honse kv{XoIfpw Rm\ Sw Ipn

Ifpw Apssa Zqscbp Ftfn F ep Amhs hontep Xmakwamn.IpdpZnhkw Igntm RfpsS hoSvelfm amnfam InpIfXmbn A]dp. hopw R amdnmaknm \n_nXcmbn. cbns \nebnembtmB honephcpw RfpsS IqsS B kabpmbncp ap ]e efn\npw A`bwtXSnb \qdntesd BfpIfpw AhnsS\np aqpssae AIsebp (]Snmdv) s\Sb\mSvhSs Nmen F R fpsS Hcp A _p hns hon tev amdn m a knp. ApapXnh ]mfmcpsS IqsS elfetv s]mbvsmncpXmbn Hmpp. AXn

\n Sbvv aqp InW n \ndsb lnp sf shn n b Xmbn Adn p. the Fsmcm Fs\tbm ssIbnep sIgnvHcp hnbn ]nSnp. (a\pjysc shnhogv nb InWn\np csnpv). Ibdptm APoh\ph Fsbpw Ibnsmpt]m FpZb\o b ambn \ne hnfnXv Abm Cpw Hmp p. K`n Wn I fmb kv{XoIfpw sIme sN snpv.

IpdpZnhkw Igntm Fs As A\pP Ipma Fsmcm tImgntmSvhb\mSv tdmUn 22mw ssaen Ipjmv \Snsmncnsh elfm Hcp cm{Xnbnhp jmn\npw hnfnndn tdmUcnIn sImpt]mbn shnmesSpn.

aXnene Ipnb, XqX, aepdw Pn, 19101973


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amnfelfbn B\amp\npw Apt]sc shnsmp. AXn Fs AmhaXnen cmhpn\mbcpw s]Spw. AvGItZiw 50 hbmbnmWpw. ZmcpWamwhn[w acn

Apt]cpsSbpw arXicoc Rm (Ctm 70 hbv) Ip.

C. tNmbnpn, FSSn, t]mv sN\emSn, tXnmewFs A FSSn Ipnpn 1921se amnfelfbn amnfam shnsmes

SppIbpw honepmbncp ]e km[\fpw IfhpsNbvXpsImpt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp.

hmIysmSn cmhpn\mb, Dumncn, aepdw Pnelfmev FsqSmsX hon A them\mb, A \mcmbWn A, s]

evan A, evan AbpsS mhv hp \mb Fn h am{X am Wpm bn cp Xv. Cu\mpImcpw A\y\mpImcpamb elfm tNp lnpfmb IrjnmcpsSbpw apw hoSvsImsNbvXv s\v, ]Ww, ], ap km[\ Fnh Xnsmpt]mbn. Cs\

aqphw XfpsS hoSv B{Iansp.Cu Ahkcn elfeh\mb sambvXoIpn lmPn Icphnv Xmakamn.

]etcmSpw AhnsS sNphm Bsf Abp. B Iqn Fs s]fpsS mhv hp\mb, tImmc ]t\mv tIih\mb, Ipamc \mb, tNem v ic\mb, IpIpcocntKm]m e \mb apX embh Hcp anp sNp Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah tcmSv Cmw aXw kzo I cnm \n_npIbpw AXn\v Ah hgmXn\m shm \nnb kwLntepXnsmpt]mbn ]pghvsh nsmpIbpamWpmbXv . Cu hnhcw B Iqn\nvF s\tbm c s IpIp cocn tKm]m e\m b aS n hp ]d tm gmWv R dnbm km[nXv.

AXn\ptijw sambvXoIpn lmPnbpsS Bm hp _mnbphsc aXwamphm\n_np. Am]w aphpmb A\p`hw \npapmIpsap ]dp

KXycansp Itm R Fmhcpw CmwaXw kzoIcnp. RfpsS Xe sambSnpIbpw \nkvImcI ]Tnnm Hcp apoans\ GmSp sNpIbpw sNbvXp. BIqn kpv IgnWsapw RtfmSp ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp.

Cu kw`hptijw FSh ]mfw h hnhcw AdnvR Fmhn[ kzpfpw Dt] nv A cm {Xnv hon\nv ]pds v FSh Fn. k_v Ckvs] IvSIpn Rv Blmchpw hkv{Xhpw \In csSppIbpw sNbvXp. cpamktmfw As\ AhnsS IgnpIqn. elf Ahkm\nXn\ptijamWv R \mntepXncnphXv. Cu Ahkcn Rp PohnXn\p bmsXmpw Dmbncpn. Fmwelfm sImpt]mIpIbpw \innpIbpw sNbvXncpp.

sI.Sn. hnimemn A, IawKew, aepdw Pn

15 10 19731921se amnfelfbn ZpcnXa\p`hn lnpfpsS Hcp Ishj hnfnpIqn Fpw

AXnhv mhn]cn]mSnImbn Hcp kanXn cq]oIcnncnpp Fpw 1973 HIvtSm_ 13\vat\m ca bn I ZpcnXa\p hn R sf tm se bp h ktmjn p p. Fs hon]gb Gd\mSv Xmeqv IawKew Awinse tXmnbn elfm kwLSnv XmakampIbpw sNbvXncpp. R elf XpSnb DSs\Xs Fmw Hgnv Hcp sImne[nIw Imew As sImntnep Xncphnezmaebnembncpp A`bmnIfmbn XmaknncpXv. \mn aSnhtm Fmw \in \nebnemWv IXv.

sI. tKmhn\mb, IngtSv hoSv, t]mv tNdq,


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aepdw 15101973Fs AbpsS apnsbbpw Am hs\bpw el f m shn sm p. ap n bpsS

B{inXbmbn C\n AbmWpXv. Amhs a cpt]cpw Pohnncnpp.

sI.Sn. am[h\mb, sIb Hm v sI.Sn. ic\mbevaohnemkv, t]mv \oteizcw, hgn sImSphn, tImgntmSv 24101973

Fs tPyjvTktlm Z c \ote i zcw Awiw tZ iv Xobcv sXmSnIbn tKm]m e\mbsc ASp Awiamb ]pqcnse \mKmfnImhv F ephv elfm shnsmes Sp n. AXn \p tijw IpSpw _ n hr bmb amXmhpw ssa\am cmb Hcp tPy jvT\pwRm\pw am{Xta Dmbncppq. AtX sImn amXmhv acnp. AXn\ptijw ap amKfnmsX Rm ]e \mSpIfnepw NpnncnbpIbmbncpp. tPyjvT \mns ]ecpsSbpw klm b tmsS Ign p. Ctm tPy jvT IpSpw _ k taXw \ote i zcw Awins Xmaknpp. 57 hbmb Rm Ctm IpdpImeambn tPyjvTs kwc

W n em Wv. F\np kz ambn Hcp Xpp qantbm ap km Z ytfm C. AXn\p]pdsaRm tcmKn bp am Wv. amn f e l fbn sIm s h cpsS AXns {]tbmP\w F\n pw IqsSA\p`hsSpncphm hWambn At]npp.

NnsXmSnbn IeymWn A, t]mv ]pXpdv, aepdw, 191019731921se amnfelf Dmb Imev F\nv 25 hbv {]mbapmbncpp. Xm\qcn\Spv

\{ hntPn sXmSnbn ]dn IpppnAbpSbpw FtfSv cma\mbcpsSbpwaIfmb Fs mhv tImgntmSvPnbnse Ccphq Awin Infnbtd cma\mb cm Wv. ae _m Iem ] Im ev F\nv cp Ipn I fp m bn cp p. Fp h b mb HcpBIppw aqp h b mb s]Ip pw. R fpsS {]tZ iv B{I aWw \S tmR Xm\q Xohn Bnkntev HmSn. Xebnm F{Xtbm arXicocsf Nhnnsa

Xn p sIm mWv R HmSn bXv. HmSp ka bv ssIbn Inn b h sc sbmw el f mshn ho gvn. Iq n Fs A s\bpw Fp h bv {]mb amb Fs Ipn s\bpw,kv{XoIsf Ah _eambn ]nSnpsImpt#m]bn. As\ Hcp hn[n R sdbntht j \n se n. Ahn sS \npw R Xoh namw Xriq cn tep t]mbn. Xriq Aen\Spp Hcp hon Rm\pw Fs mhpw Xmaknp. GItZiw \mepamktmfwB hon Xmaknp. AhnsS Fnb RvAcnbpw appw Fmw kuP\yambn Innbncp p. Ahn sS \nv R tImgn tm t mWv t]mbXv. tImgn tmSv It cn bn Ipd p Znhkw Xmaknp. ]noSv elf Aev]w sImdnbtm R Xmaknncp etpXs t]mp. hpt\mnbtm I ImgvN Zb\obambncpp. hoSvXohp \innncpp.honepmbncp ]m{Xfpw ap kmam\fpsamw Ah sImpt]mbncpp.

s]mnShvIpnsv , sIb H v]n.sI. Icv, ]Snmpw apdn ]n.H., aepdw 1610 1973

IqnemSn ]mbn ]Snmpapdn F {]tZiv elfncbmb [mcmfw IpSpw_fn Hcp IpSpw_ambncpp FtXv. Fs mhns\ Igpn shphm apXnXpwshSnhpsImm tXmp NqnbXpw shSnhXpw DwsXn amfpImWvsImXv . honep km[\ sImsNbvXXpw Fmw IhfmWv Rm.

amp theppn, ]pXp]dv ]n.H. aepdw, 181019731921se amnfelf \S ImevF\nv 22 hbv {]mbapmbncpp. Av Hcp Znhkw

Rm hben \ne ap gpXv Dbvv I bp ambn hon tep t]mIp tm Hcp Iqw Bfp I


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Fs Nppw hfp. AXn Hcm Fs ImXn InSncp kzWns I DucnsbSpp. Atmtgpw aph hmfpsImv Fs shn. mKyhim B sh v F\nv Gn.

AmsS Rm t]Snv \nehnfnv HmSn. t\sc tIm tImhneItmWv HmSnbXv. GItZiw elf sISpXphsc AhnsS Hfnncpp. B AhkcnemWv, tImgns\ Fev ]mfIymv hXv. Atm Rm aSn hontepXs t]mp. hpt\mnbtm hon\pnepsXmw elfm Ihncpp. hoSp Ipn\innncpp. Fs cpImfIsf Ah shnsmncpp.

]n. IrjvW\mb, Ipv Ipgnbn hoSv, ]n.H. atcn 3111973Rm ]pXnb aepdwPnbn s] Gd\mSv Xmeqv atcn Awiw tZis Ipp

Ipgn F hon \mb kapZmbn P\np. Ap acpambambncpp. 1921 F\nv11 hbv {]mbw Dv. Fs amXm]nXm F\nv HmhbvpXn\p ap]pXs acWsp. Fs Abvv Rm\msX thsd Bcpw XpWbmbn Dmbncpn. ]gb k{Zmb{]

Imcw hon Dmbncp \mev AmhmcpsSbpw henb, sNdnbamcpsSbpw cIrXznemWv hfXv. ]qhnIamb qkzv HpwXs C. \mev Amhmv t]meokvDtZymKhpw Hcp hoSpw am{XamWv DmbncpXv. henbmh t]menkn slUvtIm_nfmbncpp. AcotmSmbncpp. 1921 Avt]menkns tae[nImcnbmbncp ae_m Un.Fkv.]n. lntmv atcnbn Iymv sNbvXncpp. Acotmtv Bfbv Amhs\ hcpn. ]ntZnhkw cmhnse Un.Fkv.]n.bpw Amh\pw ap Nnecpw tNv XncqcmSnv kam[m\cbvmsWp]dMvRvt]mbn. ]ns Amhs\bpw thsd Hpcmmscbpw shnsmXmbpw, aph kmbvSw HmSncsXmbpamWvhm hXv. AXns eambn ]gb ISw \nanw hoSv hnp t]m Ip Ibpw _mn Am h mv DtZ ymKw \jvS sSpIbpw IpSpw_w A\mYamIpIbpw sNbvXp.

kn.]n. _meIrjvW\mb, hmmShoSv, Xrpfw14 11 1973

FhnsS inht{Xn elfm ISp hmXn Nhnns]mfnv, AIpISv ]qPmkmam\fpw inhs ap]n {]XnjvTn IcnpsImp Imfsbbpw KW]Xnhn{Klw,HmSpI apXembh Xps]mfnv\mi\jv S Dmnbnpv. ]qPmkmam\sfmw AhFSppsImpt]mbn.

]fl\m` A[nImcn, ]pqamnfam Fm hoSpIfpw NntbmSpIqSn sImsNbvXp. B {Kmanepw ]cnkcnep

ap ]{tmfw t{X ]qambn \innp. hn{Kl XpSp.Fs \mep _p sfbpw aqp sNdpa sfbpw amn fam ]nSnp hn[n p. B Awi

n 300 IpdbmsX BfpI sImsnpv. cp InWdpI apgph\mbpw Hcp InW`mKnIambpw ihsfsmp \ndp.

Xo kv{XoItfmSp sNbvX AXn{Ia hnhcnphm Akm[yamWv. mthmsSmwHcp kv{Xosb ]nSnp. mhns\ sImpIbpw mcysb am\`wKsSppIbpw sNbvXp.

aWnb ]mtemfn IrjvW\mb, Xr\nF\nv 76 hbv{]mbamWv. 56 hbp Hcp km[pkv{Xosb hnhmlw Ignphm amn

fam Fs \n_np. XncnvlnpaXw kzoIcnm Fmns\bpw sImpIfbpsah`ojWnsSpn.


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At{Xth tWm?

iIp\w \mbmepw ]pecpw hsc Imdptm?

amnfelfmcpsS A{IaWn\nv s]mm\nsb cnm tIfPn sNbvX kmlknI {iaw kphn Zn X am W tm. As\ el fbpsS bYmcq]w t\cnp Idn Atlwelfsb sh]qim\p {ias A[nt]npsImp acnpXn\p sXmpap]v tIkcnbn FgpXnb teJ\amWv ChnsS DcnpXv.

1921 \S amnfelfbpsS kphPq_nen sImmSphm\p Xocpam\w ]cnlmkywam{Xa AhnthIhpambntmbn amnfamcpsS hnImcsf {hWsSpt Fphv amnf elfbvv ae _m Iem]w Fp t]cpsImSpp Fnepw Ap \S kw`h sfmw

Hp ]cntim[npXmbm AXn\pap]p \S kw`hsfmw Hp ]cntim[npXmbm AXn\pap]p \S A]Xne[nIw amnfelfIfn\np hyXymksXmbncpnHSp hn es Cu el fbpw Fp ImWmw 1921se el fbvp Ipsd qSn hym ]vXnbpv. AXvGd\mSv, hph\mSv, s]mm\n XmeqpIfpsS Nne mK, tImgntmSv Xmeqns Ing{]tZi FnhnSfnemWv{][m\ambn \SXv . A]XpsImwap]v\S elfbnse kw` h kzw A\p h n\npw Hm W san Ahnv 65 70 hb snepw DmbncnWw. Jnem^v {]m\w FmsWpXsbpw AXns I\IPq_nenCpsImmSp A[nIwt]pw Adnbmtam FpXsbpw kwibamWv.

HmwtemIalmbpn i\mb PN{Ihnsb ]cmPbsSppXn\vCybpsS ]cn]qWklmbw {_n\vBhiyambncpp. Fm bpw Bcw`nv A[nIw IgnbpXn\pap]v Xpn P\nbpsS IqsS tNp. Xpn kpm CmwaXsbpw apl

ZobcpsS ]pWyesf cnm ISs eo^bmbncpXpsImpw {_ns\ klmbnphm kpmt\mSv bpwsNpXv aXn\v FXncmb Hcp {]hrnbmhpw. As\Cyapo Hcp [kSnsp.

{_nnjv N{IhnbpsS {]Xn\n[nbmb Cy sshktdmbn Hcp hnfw_cw {]knsSpn. AXn hyamnbncpp, XpnbpsS bpw aXkw_amb Hcp bpaspw apofpsS ]pW y e tv bmsXmcp B]pw t\cn Sp Xs pw, 1918 {_nojv {][m \a{n tembnUv tPmPv sshktdmbnbpsS hmKvZm\ Bhndnp. bpn hnPbnIfmb {_n\pw IqpImcpw hnPbelcnbn hmKvZm\ Fmw adp. {_n as hnfbp saksmmanb ssIhisSpn. apofpsS ]pWyefp Ad_nZzo]n kndnb{^mkn\pw A\tmfnb Cenpw sImSpp. s{Ibnpw kvaWhpw bpn ]nmXncp {Kokn\pw cmbncw sImpap]v PqXmcpsS A[o\nembncp ]mekvXo

PqXmpw sImSpphm Xocpam\np. Xpnsb bqtdmn XpSpt]mIm A\phZnpFnepw Ahv henb ssk\yw ]mSnsp hn[np. apowtemItmSp sNbvX hmKvZm\ Fmw Imn ]dnp. CXv apowtemIs AcniwsImnp.

Xpnsb ]cm P b s Sp m X klm bnp F A]cm [ t_m[w C y aposf {_n s\ Xnsc Fp Xym K n\pw k cmm ]c ym ]vX am bn cp p. 1920 sabv 28 mwXobXn t_mws_bnhpw Pq BZyn Ael_mZnhpw IqSnb Jnem^v tbmKfn A\h[n lnp {] am Wn Ifpw lmP cm bn cpp. alm flm Kmn B tbmK smwt\XrXzw sImSpp. Pq HSphn CybpsS Fm kwm\fn\npambn sXmqtdmfwapow{]amWnI Hn Hcp Jnem^v ktiw sshktdmbnbp. sshktdmbn thnhm cmPnhpw CyapofpsS D{Kamb {]tm`hpw {]Xntj[hpw {_nojv]mesan


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s\bpw a{namscbpw Adnbnp. kam[m\apmncWsapw AXn Bhiysncpp.Fmw ]cmPbsSpXmbm Khsapambn hnphogvNbnm \nlIcWn

GsSpsambncpp ktins XmXv]cyw.

tIcfnBKkvXv 1\v Cy apgph Jnem^v ZpxJZn\ambn BNcnsp. KmnPn ju

en tbm Sp IqSn Cy apgp h Npn 18\v Ah tImgn tmSpw kin p. tImgn tmSv IS p dphv Ah cpt]cpw {]kw Kn p. tImgn tmSv ]uc m 25000 cq] bpsS Hcp ]W ngnJnem^v ntep km\np. Fnepw Hcp hosenepw {]mIvSokv \npIbpmbn.

ASp tIm{Kns Hcp {]tXyI tbmKw Ibnhp tNp. \nlIcW{]m\w AwKoIcnp. tIcfn AmevJnem^v {]m\n kPohambncpp.I tIm{Kn\ptijw {io. cmPtKm]memNmcn, tUmIvS Fkv.Fkv. cmP, app

km ln_v XpS nb t\Xm tImgn tmSv IS p dv Hcp h]n tbmKw tNp.hotPmen hnnnsnepw Jnem^n\pthn {]Nmcthe sNm cmPmPn hoemsct{]cnnp. Gd\mnepw s]mm\nbnepw hfscb[nIw tbmKfn {io. bp. tKm]metat\m,sI. am[ h\m b XpS nb ho e m ]sSp p. 1920 Unkw _ dn tN \mK qtIm{Kn\ptijamWvho Sn.B. IrjvWkzman A, bp. tKm]metat\m XpSnbh tImSXn _lnjvIcnXv.

Im^dnsf XIm kzw Inpw?ae_mdnse \nlIcW{]m\w A{Iantep ISmsX kqnpI A{X Ffp

ambncpn. ae_mdn AXn\pap]vA]Xntesd amnfelfI Dmbnpv . Cu elfIsfmw Xs Gd\mSv XmeqnemWv DmbnpXv. Cu elfIv ImcW ]eXm

bncppshnepw lnpsf sImesSpnbXn\pw AhcpsS hoSp sImsNbvXXn\pw Hcp{]_eamb ImcWw Im^ndsf sImm, AhcpsS t{X Xn DSm, Ahsc aXwamnbm, kzw Inpsap amnfamcpsS Dd hnizmkambncpp.

Fd\mSv amnfam A[zm\ioecmWv Fmepw Pohnm aXnbmb hcpam\an. henbPnam A[nIhpw lnpfmWv. Hcp ImpIn ]dvNmn hmn A[zm\nv sXnsXI hv e tm S Spptm AXv Pn tamp sIm Sp pp Fn cns. B IpSnbms \ncmi Fmbcnpw, ]ns Fn\p PohnWw? ap Nnescbpw Iqp]nSnv PnlmZvhnfn bp ambn Ah Pnsb B{Ian p p. Ahn sS bp hsc sImp p. lmen fIn hgn bnImWp lnpsf Zo\n tNc pp. As n sImp p. HSphn h t{X fnIbdnqSpp.

s]meokpw ]mfhpw hcpw. Ahsc shSnhpsImpw. s\mbpImefnemWvA[nIhpw

el fI Dm Im dv. kz nte m W h t]mhp I. Ahn sS bp ]c am\ hpw Chn SsIjvS mSpw ]nWnbpw Hm acWw Hc \p {K l am Wv. Cu A hn i zm k Cp \nehn \npp FXn\p sXfnhs cmaknwlsbpw Atlns A\pPsbpw aXwamdnb A\pPs mc y bmb AP \ ns bpw. Ah cpsS AbpsSbpw apw sIme ]m X Iw!Abmb aXhnizmkns eambncpp ae_mIem]n\p ap]p \S A[nIw amnfelIfpw.

Jnem v {]m\w ASn am \mWv ae _m dnse c Wm [n Im cn I Xocp am\n Xv.Pbpns eambn {_ns ]mfw anhmdpw HSpnbncnpp. AXpsImvA{IawsImpXs {_ns\ ]cmPbsSpmsapw Jnem^v t\Xm ]ecpw hnizknp.\nlIcW{]m\w AlnwkmflIambns XpSpt]mIWsa \n_w sImm


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bncpp 1921 s^{_phcnbn P\m_v bmIq_v lpssk\pw apw ae_mdn {]NmcthebvphXv. Ahsc {]NmcthebvvA\phZnn. Atlsbpw bp. tKm]metat\m, sI. am[

h\mb, sambvXotImb Fo t\Xmsfbpw _\cmn. ap tIm{Kkv {]hIcbpw 144mw hIpp{]Imcw XSncpp. 144mw hIpp ewLnv Av XShpin A\p`hnhcn Cu teJI\pw s]Spw. As {]kn Jnem^v {]hIcn Hcmfmb Benapymcpw injymcpw A{IacmlnXyn hnizknncpn.

tIcfnse lnp apow _wtIc f n ep m bn cp BZ yIm se lnpapow _w ChnsS hy amtn bncn

pp. tIcfnse lnpcmPmm lnpshpw apow Fpw mhnmsXbmWv apowkapZmbtmSp s]cpamdnbXv. kmaqXncncmPmhpw NndbvcmPmhpw ap cmPmmcpw AhvFmhn[ t{]mml\fpw \evInbncpp. Ipmenacbvm kmaqXncnbpsS IS\mbI\mbncpp. hph\mSp cmPmhns WvUmcw kqnpImcnepw amnfam Dmbncpp.

ChnsS lnpfpsS aX]cnh\n\pw qansImbvpw t{]cW\evInbXv sslZcpsSbpwSnphnsbpw A{IaWambncpp Fp]dbpXn sXn.

AhcpsS hmgvNbpsS BsIpI kZm sI.Fw. ]WncpsS mjbn cWX{nsI iam apgp h Snp {]tbm Knv Xs ssk\n I in bpsS \njvTp cX apgp hae_mdnse P\sf A\p`hnpt\mn. \ncmibpw tcmjhpwsImvAtlw \mSmsI sImnhv \innp. lnpsf _ew{]tbmKnp apoantep tNp. cmPyamsI ssk\nI`cWnIognset]mse s]cpamdn. lnpfpw apofpw Xnep aXkv][bpw lnpsfCmwaXn tNm\p t{]cWbpw Snphns ]Stbmns A\c^eamWv.

bmq_v lpssks\bpw IqpImscbpw 1921 BKv15mw XobXnbmWv Pbnen\np hnXv. Av Iqcpw 16mw XobXn Xetcnbpw 17mw XobXn tImgntmSpw e`n kznIcWAhnSfn ]p Innm Xcnephbmbncpp. tImgntmSv am\mndssaXm\w

Npn tmb B tLmjbm{X IfIvS an. tXma n sbpw Un. Fkv.]n. an. lnvtIm n sbpwIpXpdnp. 17, 18 XobXnIfnemWv amnf BIvSv {]Imcw Fw.]n. \mcmbWtat\m, sN{tcn X, In e tcn apl Zv apk enbm XpSnb Fpt]sc Ad p sN m If IvStXmakv Iev]\ ]pdsSphnXv. Xs hmd v {]Imcw ]pnIsf AdpsNm an. tXmakvXs ]mf hp ambn ]pd sp. AsXmcp Akm [m c W \ S ] Sn bm bn cp p. 20\v Imev AhXncqcmSnbn Fn. Ignt ]n hfp. Cu ham\w Xm\q XpSnb {]tZifnsemw ]cXv apov F{Xbpw {][m\s a{w]n ]mfm shSnhp \innpFbncpp.

Xm\qcn\npw hensbmcp kwLw amnfam ]pdsp. ]e Ab{]tZifn\npwamnfam XncqcmSnbn Fntp. DbvmWv Xm\qcn\npw BfpI XncqcmSnbn FnbXv. ]mfhpambn Gpapn Khsap`mKw cp {_nojptZymKmcpw cp

tIm_namcpw FXn`mKw Ipsd amnfamcpw acnp. \mev]tXmfwt]msc ]mfm XShpImcmn. 21\v Imev tImgntmtp aSnb an. tXmakpw IqpImcpw hfsc tiklnpw hgn \osf FXn amn f amsc shSnh psImpw BWv cm{Xn Fp a Wnv tdmn FntXv. AhnsS\nv Xohnhgn cm{Xn 12 aWnv tImgntmSv Fn.

A{IanIfpsS AgnmwPbnhnap\mbn 17\v tImgntmSvFnb {io. am[h\mbsc atcnv sImpt]m

Im {io. Fw. \mcmb W ta t\m\pw am[ h\m b cpsS A\p P {io. sI. tIi h\m bcpwtImgntmSvImncnppmbncpp. am[h\mb AhtcmsSmw atcnpt]mbn. amnfam {_n Xsf hnp; Fs\sbnepw ]IcwhoWw F a\nXnmcmbncpp.


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Fsnepw A{Ia s]m npdsSm CSbpv. AXp XSbpXn\vam[h\mbcpsS kmn[yw klmbntpsa hnizmkwsImmWvDSs\ am[h\mbsc atcnp sImpt]mb

Xv. am[h\mbsc Jnem^v t\Xmm ImWpIbpmbn. am[h\mbcpw \mcmbWtat\m\pw Imnetcn aplZv apkenbmcpw A{IawsImpmIp B]v elfmsc [cnnm {ianp. AsXmpw esn. Xs AhnthIns ]cnWnX^ew Fmbncnpsap IfIvS tXmakv a\nemnbncpn. ]c\mSnbn Ipsdb[nIw amnfam IqptNv sdbnthtj sImsNbvXp. sdbnepI \on, t^m sSen{Kmw InI apdnp. kvs]j s]meokv Ckvs] IvS sdbpw At l ns HmUen sbbpw sImp. am[h\mbcpw aplZv apkenbmcpw ]c\mSnp t]mbn. Ah ]dbpXv {inm Bcpan . If IvS B hgnp aS p p sv el f m Adn n cpp. Xncq cmSn bn \Skw`hsfn ]e sIpIYIfpw AhnSs**** Bapkmsl_ns\bpw amnfam XpwXpambn shnsm hnhcw ]ecpw hnphm XpSnbncpp. ]qtmqcn\npw HcpkwLw BfpI \neqcntep t]mbn. tImhneIw Imm ]ncp]Xpt]sc Imh \nn

bn cp p. Ah sc sbmw shn sm mWv Ah aSn b Xv. asmcp kwLw atcn JP \mhvIpnsmfnv ]WsaSpp. ]e kwLfpw ]e Znnepw sIm \Sn. ]escbpw aX]cnh\w sNbvXp, hntcm[aphsc sImp.

{io. am[ h\m b amXr qan bnse gp Xnb teJ \ fn\nv Hcp `mKw ChnsS D cn psIms. Xv bmsXmcp tZmjhpw sNmhcpw \nc]cm[nIfpamb \mpImcpsS hoSpI ]cs sImsNbvXv Ahsc IjvSsSpnbXmWv Cu elfbn Ghpw AZv pXIcambn ]epw tXmnbnpXv. elfbpsS cmas Ln elfm sNbvX B{Iasn BtemNnptm AXn A]XpiXam\w A{Iat]mepw Cu BZyLnAh {]hnnn. cmas Ln Ah sNbvX A{Ia ]eXn\pw Nne Imcy Dmbncpp. As\bp bmsXmcp ImcWfpw BZyLs A{Ian. lnptfmSp kmnIambpw aX]cambpw kv][ Ahpmbncpncnmw. ]t AXp am{X

amtWm Cu sIm Ip Imc W sap Rm in p p. aX {`m mcmb Nne lnp fpsS a\nXnt]mse Jnem^v {]m\ns Ahkm\^ew Cmw km{amPym]\amsWpw ]e amnfamcpw [cnncpp FmWv AhcpsS {]hrnsImpw NnecpsS hmpsImvA\pam\ntXv . AXvGhpw B]Xv Icamb a\nXnbmWvFp ]dbmXncnm\nhrnbn. amnfamcn hnhcaphvCu at\m`mhw CmXncptmw. ]t km[mcWm As\XsbmWvhnizknncpXv FmWv A\pam\ntnbncnpXv . ChcpsSkzv A]lcnptXm sImsNptXm ssZhw aptJ\bp Hcp ]mXIambncpp.

CmwaXw am{Xw aXnJnem^v {]m\ns hnPbIcamb ]cyhkm\w Cy Hcp Cmwcmjv{Sambn amdp

IsbXmsWv ae_mdnse hnhcanm amnfam [cnp FpXn\p sXfnhpIfmWv

]noSp \S kw`h.]qtmq amnfamv Hcp _pntXmn. ChnsS C\n cp aX th. lnpsf

aX]cnh\w sNbvXv Hcp Cmw cmjv{Sw \nanmw Fh Xocpam\np. elf XpSnbtijap BZys shnbmgvN BKkvXv26\mWv Cu Xocpam\saSpXv. atcn, aepdw{]tZifnep Fm lnpsfbpw apkmcmm\p Xocpam\n am[h\mbcpwIpSpw_hpw s]ncpp Fv Atlw Xs ]dbpp.

cp aqp Znhks sIm Ip tijw cm{Xn ]mdm hn\v am[ h\m bcpw apw BfpIsf \nnbn cp p. Ah cn amn f amcpw Dm bn cp p. Ah At\z jn p t\m nbtmam[h\mbscbpw IpSpw_sbpw aX]cnh\w sNm t]mIpp F hnhcw AhcpwtIncpp Fpw aX]cnh\n\v A\yZnn\nv BfpI hcp]w Ah \n


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lmbcmbncnpw Fpw AhnsS XSwsNpXv Hcp aXhntZzj{]hrnbmIpsapw Aham[h\mbtcmSp ]dncppht{X.

]qtmqcn Xs 75 t] ]qtmqm Xs aXwamn AXn GXmv30 t] AhnSs \mbIp Spw _amb s]mp Wn mSv hopIm cm bn cpp Fv am[h\m b cpsS teJ\n ]dbpp. km v Akn v IojWdmbn DtZymKn\npw s]j]n ]ncn]pemtmn tIma tat\ms\bpw IpSpw_sbpw aX]cnh\wsNm henb HcpkwLw amn f e l f m t]mbn. tImata t\m\v Av 76 hbv {]mbw ImWpw. amn famscAtln\vhnizmkambncpp. amnfamv Atls henb _lpam\ambncpp. BKkv Xv24\mbncpp hensbmcp kwLw amnfam Atlns hoSp hfXv. Atlw aXwamdmIqmnbn. Hmmcpw kwLnepmbncpp. ap ]pcpjmcpsS Fmw apSn Ifp.kv{XoIvDSppI sImSpp. ]ntv Fmw imambncpp. 26mw XobXn Ah hopwtImata t\ms\ kao ]nv Atlw apSn I f bm A\p h Zn n , Ah sImSp sXmnbpw[cnn. As\ CcnptmgmWv \Imcw ASntIXv. ]mfm ]qtmqcn Fnbhn

hcw Adn bn p I bm bn cp p ht{X AXv. amn f am Fmw HmSn. tIma tat\m c sSpIbpw sNbvXp.

Hcp tLmcbpwae pdw Unhn j \n Hm^ok Hmns klm b n\v AbeUvImc \mb sI]v

sa tdmbnbpsS t\XrXzn 125 ]mfmcpw s]meokpImcpap 22 _knepw temdnIfnepambn aepdtp ]pdsXmbncpp tk\. ]qtmq XSnpIqSnbncp amnfam AhtcmSv bpns\mcpn. ]qtmq \ncphmWv. ]qtmq ISpthWw aepdtpt]mhm. aqhmbncn]cw amnfam AhnsS HptNp. Ignbp{X Bbp[ elfm tiJcnncpp. ]mfmsc \ntjw \innphm ]nb Hcp eamWv elfmXncsSpXv. ]qtmqcn tdmUn\nvGXmv 30 hmc hn v hSp\nv ]Snmtdmsm

gpIp Hcp tXmSpv. Cu bpns Bhiyn\v elfm Cu tXmSv InSmbn D]tbmKnp. tXmn\np shSn h bvp ]m f msc el f mv ImWm ]n . ]mf mtdmUn\npw tXmSpw ]nn v aptmp \on bm ]Sn m dp m Kp Ipn\npwtXmn\npw hSp tXmn\npw As\ Fm mKp\npw ]mfmsc FXnp\innphm\mbncpp m. Hpw inmsXbmWv ]mfm elfmcpsS \SpvFnbXv. elfm shSn XpSnbtm ]mfm Amfnp. ]mfm XfpsS sajntXmpI fn\npw Hcp shSnhjw Xs Bcw`n p. XfpsS shSn en p n spw el fm Np \new ] Xn pp Fpw I tm Inbpw hmfpw hSn bp ambn ]m f mcpsSt\sc IpXn p. \me p a Wn q \n bpn eamb \m\q dn e [nIw amn f am acn p.Hcp ]mf DtZymK\mb semmdpw cp ]mfmcpw acnp. acn amnfamsc ASp]dn Zln n tijw Iym ]v satdmbnbpw ]m fmcpw s]meokpw ae p dtp aS

n.

AeapkenbmcpsS IogS]qtm q bp tm Sp IqSn el f e hm ]e etpw \on. sImbvpw

sImebvpamWvAh HcpnbXv . IplZmPnbpw kwLhpw lnppw apopwkX\pw kmXznI\pamb s]j]n ]ncn s]meokvCkv s]IvS Jm _lZq tNpnbpsS eamb B\btmWv t]mbXv. Atls shSnhpsImv Xebdpv HcpIpnt Ipn tLmjbm{XbmbnmWv Ah atcnpt]mbXv. BKv 28mw XobXnHcp {_nojv]mfns Xeh\mb sP.Uyp.dmUv o^pw aepdw XpnSn Hmn\pw XncqcmSnbn t]mbn Benapkenbmvt\mokv sImSpncpp. Hcp XpWnjv Ww hoinsmv


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Atlw IogSm]w a{w ]nbpw XncqcmSnbpw Xohp \innpsav.Benapkenbmcpw Ipsd amnfamcpw IogSn. Ahscsbmw tImbq Pbnen ]mn

p. BenapkenbmcpsS injymcmb Aehnpnbpw Ipehnbpw IogSnbn. elf anhmdpw ianXpt]msebmbn. Khsa v Ipdv Hcp \bw ImWnncpp Fn elf Ahkm\n n m am bn cp p, AX sNbvXXv. tImgn tm Sv, Gd \m Sv, hp h\m Sv, s]mm \n, hb \mSvFo XmeqpIfn Khsa v ]mf\nbaw ]mkmn. amnfam AhcpsS ewhnpt]mIm ]mSn. Bcpw Ahv A`bw \evIm ]mSn. hhcpw hm DSs\ s]meokn AdnbnWw. aPnkvt{Snstbm s]meokv DtZymKstbm ]mnmsX amnfamv Xohnbm{X ]mSn . Cu Iev] \ I anen dn Iam dpsS k X tm Sp Iq Sn bmWv Unkv{SnIvv aPnkvt{Sv]mkmnbXv . In amnfamscsbmw AdpsNbvXvAhsc innm sXfnshmpw Bhiyan. Adv sNbvXhscsbmw kvs]jy aPnkvt{Spam innp. Iq,tImbq XpSnb PnIfntev AbbvpIbmbn. Cu Adns\mw lnpfpw Acp\np. aXwamsh ]ecpw lnpfmbn. bpn\p ]pdsh ]ns sNbvX sImbvpw

sImebvpw Ahkm\an. Ah lnpfpsS t\sc A\phn {IqcXI hnhcnm\mhn.

Pq_nenmcpsS sXmenntIc f n tIm{Kkv {]h\w anhmdpw Akm[ y am bn. D{] tZi fn tev

tIm{Kkn\p ISm hsmbn. elfbpsS eambn kzmX{ykacw ao`hnp. CykzmX{ykacn\p Xs hn BLmXambno amnfelfsb kzmX{ykacambnmWm apoweoKn\p am{Xta km[npIbpq.

enp XeXmgvt Cu kw`hsf kzmX{ykacambn Nn{XoIcnm\pw AXnskphPq_nen sImmSm\pw Ipdsmpwt]mc sXmenn. AXn\hsc ss[cysSppXvCs \snm t\XrXzamWv.

Cu ]ucmWnIcmPys apoweofvcmbn shnapdnXns eamWv ]cnlmcw ImWmIgnbm A`bmn{]iv\w. CXv _wmtZiv AXns aq\yn FbncnpIbm Wv. A\lsc c Wm [n Im c n Ccp n b Xp sImv tIcfw C\n Fsmw A\p hnpsap IpXs AdnbWw. Cu Pq_nenkwcw`w XpSnbnSpXs Ahkm\nnpXvam\yXbmhpw. am\yXtbmSp aXnp]pep Fmhpw.


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amnfelfmv ]pw hfbpw

kn. \mcmbW]ntIcfnse XeapXn tIm{Kkv t\Xmfnsemcmfmb teJI, X\n hobIem ] amb amn f elfsb kzmX{yk acambn hym Jym \nv Iem]Im cn Iv s]j\Im\p tI{kmcns Xocpam\s inbpw FXnpsImv amXr`q

anbnsegpXnb teJ\amWnXv.

Cu ASpImev sI.]n.kn.kn. P\d sk{Idn tIcfn hfphcp hobNnsbbpw hn`mKob {]hWXIsfbpw]n {]knsSpnbncp Hcp hnem]Km\w hmbnpI

bpmbn. sNIpm thZapcnp {]XoXnbmWv, B Km\w Xn P\nnsXv AXphmbn asmcp tIm{KkpIm c FtmSp ]dp. hy n] c amb bmsXmcp A\m Z chpw{]ISnnpIb Cu DcWwsImv Rm\nhnsS DtinpXv. Rm XXzsfnbmWv]cmainpXv. tIcfnenv ap cmjv{SobInIsftmseXs tIm{Kkpw tZiobaqey hy`nNcnnv hobXbvp IwsImSppIbt ae_melfbpsS cPXPq_nenBtLm jn p tm sNp sXv Atlw tNmZn p. alm flm Km n bpsS \ma t[bwm\pw Am\pw DcnpIbpw ho b XbpsS Zpc^esn tJZnpIbpwsNp cmjv{SobInI cnp kwm\wXsbmWv ae_mdnse hobelfbn]sSp bmX\mv qanbpw {]Xnamkifhpw ]mcntXmjnIambn \IWsap Dchn HphXv. almflmKmn Cu hnhcw [cnpIbmsWn Atlns ivaim\[qfnI AhnsSnSp ]nSbvpsap XobmWv. almflmKmn CybpsS kzmX{yn\pw

AJWvUXbvpw lnpapowssa{Xnpwthn \Snb Fm kwcw`fpsSbpw ]cn]qamb ]cmPbn\pw CybpsS hn`P\n\pw \mnIpdnXv ae_mdnse amnfelfbmWv.Xs kl{]hIcpsSbpw Cybnse av DXmcmb cmPyX{mcpsSbpw D]tZifpw {]Xntj[fpw hnKWnv Jnem^v {]iv\w almflmKmn tIm{Kkns Imcy]cn]mSnbn DsSpptm AXv imizXamb lnpapowssa{Xnp hgnsXfnbnpsamWv Atlw sXncnXv. BZyLn juen aplZen Fo ktlmZcmscAtlw Ioibn hlnpsImv cmPysampv lnpapowssa{Xnsbn {]NcWw \Sptm KmnPnbpsS {]XoI Am\mbncnnsvtemIw sXncnpIbpw sNbv Xp.

Jnem^v {]iv\w Iam]mjm ivaim\n IpgnpaqSn Xpn kpms\ cmPyp\npw BntbmSnptm AXv Cybnse lnpapow ssa{XnbpsS cXhmIyambncnpsav KmnPn apIqn [cn n cp n . Jnem^v {]iv\w t]mse Hcp ho b hnj bs

tIm{Kkv ]cn ]m Snbn Ds Sp n bXv sXm bn cp pshv Cp ]cs k Xn s np Hcp Imc y amWv. Fnepw B {]iv\w Ah km \n Xn \p ti jhpw KmnPn sIn Splnpapow sFIyns ]pdtmSn\v Aev]w inbpmbncpXpsImv lnpapowssa{Xn DS\Sn XIcpIbpmbn. Fm ae_mdnse amnfelfbmWv BZyambn B kJy ns Nc aImWvUw Bcw n sX Imcyw Hcp Ncn {X hkvXp X bm Wv. Cy\m j WtIm{Kkns Ncn{XImc\mb tUm. ]m`n Atlns Ncn{Xn Cs\ FgpXpp.

HIvtSm_ ayn IqSpX Iiamb Hcp amjtem CymKhsa v ae_mdn GsSpn. AXn\ptijw \n_nXamb aX]cnh\w, lnp`h\fpsS Ih,AhbpsS \ioIcWw Fo ]mXI amnfam \Sn. amnfelfbpsS BKn\ptijap KXntm XpSp A{Ia]camb kw`hhnImktm Cu {Kn {]kn


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bn.C y bpsS cmjv{So b N cn {X n kzm X { yka ctmSv bmsXmcp _ hp an m Hcp

kw`hambn tIm{KkvNcnXImc Cu kw`hs hnKWnpIbmWv sNbvXXv. CybpsSkzmX{ykacn ]sSpv AhiXI A\p`hnphv PohnXmhiy \evIpIsbpXmWv Cu s]j]XnbpsS eysat{X t_m[aph a\nemnbnpXv. Hcp ho b el fbn ]sSpv tIm{K nsbpw KmnPnbpsSbpw BZi e ypw ]cn]mSnIpw {]m\m]camb {]XoIpw hncpambn {]hn A{IanImWv ckmnIfpsS ]Zhn \evInb tIcfnse tIm{KkvKhsa v s]jA\phZnnpXv. Jnem^v{]iv \w AXn\p aps]mcnepw Adnbsnnmhw Bgn hobamb \clXyp IhmS XpdpsImSpXmbn AXpem\N{IhnXs GImInbmb XomSI F {Kn FgpXpp. AXvicnbmbncns, sXmbncns. Fm, Jnem^v{]iv \w hgnsXfnbn lnpapow ssa{XnbpsS Ncan\ptijwAXns ihsnbn BZyw ASnpIbnb BWn ae_mdnse amnfelfbmbncpp.

AXn\p tijw ho b amb Ie l fpw kwL \fpw C y sbm pp ]Sp ]nSn p.Ael_mZv, P_]q knv, Zln Fo efn AXn\ptijw \S hobkwL\ tImlmnse Iqsmebn Ahkm\nptm KmnPn Xs sRntmImXncpn. Rm Bpw hnizkn\m\lXbnm Hcp s]mfn ImbnoncnppFv KmnPn FgpXn. Atlw AXn\ptijw 21 Znhks \ncmlmc{hXwsImv CysbZpxJkmKcnemgvn. tImlmn kw`hsfpdnvXmdmnb At\zjWdntmns\nbp A`n{]mb`nXbmWvAhkm\ambn KmnPnsbbpw juensbbpw ]ckv ]cw AInbXv.

B \nebvv CybpsS ssiYneyn\pw hn`P\n\pw hgnsXfn kw`hfnse IphmfnImWv cmjv{So b k a c nse ]m fn I sf \ne bn tIc fm K hsa v s]j\evIm t]mIpsXp bmYmYyw F{X henb Hcp hntcm[m`mkamWv? apoweoKns

]npWbnsn Cu Khsa v XIpt]mIpsapw sXcsSpn apWnbpsS hnPbkm[yXI Ipdpt]mIpsapw F\ndnbmw. Fm Nncmbnbmb BZifpweyfpw A[nImcns _en]oTn IpcpXnsImSppIbpw tZiobX hcnpsInhobhmZns ImeSnIfn hpNhnnpIbpw sNp ImgvN thZ\mP\IamWv. {ioaXnCncmKmn Cu hnhcw Adnncnptam FvF\nv AdnpIqS. Adnnnsn BalXnsb CXv AdnbntXv BhiyamWv.

ae_mdnse amnfelf tIm{Knsbpw almflmKmnPnbpsSbpw A{IacmlnXyamsbpw ]cm P b s Sp nb Hcp kw` h am b Xp sIm t C{Xbpw Fgp Xn b Xv. I dbpw]mtmpw A{Ia Dmbnpv. s]meokpIm h[nsnpv. Fnepw Av XncphnXmwIq dn \S cmjv{So b k ac n t\mSv AXn\p _ap mbnsp ]d bm km[ ya .s]meoknsbpw ]mfnsbpw {Iqcamb a\ klntnh P\ A{IawsIm

Xps XncnSn \evIn. Fnepw Cu kw`hv hobelfbpsS kz`mhapmbncpXmbn Btcm]W Dmbnn. Fm, ae_mdn \SXv\amb Hcp hobelfbmbncppshp Ncn{Xw tcJsSppp. Fnepw AXn\v cmjv{Sobkz`mhw \evIn CybpsSkzmX{ykacs ]ptcmKann Hcp kw`hsa \nebn AXn ]sSp \mbImv{]Xn^ew \evIm\p {iaw F{X \njnamWv? amnfelf kzmX{ykacs ]ptcmKannpIb, ]nstbm almflmKmnPnbpsS ]cn]mSnIsf Hcp ]phjw ]pdtImp XnampIbmWv sNbvXXv. amnfelfbpsS cPXPq_nen BtLmjnmt]mIpXmbn ]{Xfn hmbnp. Xetcnbn hobIem]w s]mnpds Cu hjn amnfelfbpsSPq_nenv{]tXyI alnabpsp kXnWw. Hp tNmZns Xetcnbnse elfbv pwcmjv{Sobkz`mhw \evIn AXn ]sSp [oc\mbImv s]j \evIm\p Hcp ]


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Xn IqSn Khsa v Bkq {XWw sNm Xv FpsImm Wv? ho b e l Iv ]mcn tXmjnIw \evIpIbpw AXns Pq_nen BtLmjnpIbpw sNp Khsa v am\hkapZmbw

BZcnpIbpw Bcm[npIbpw sNp knmsf hnKWnpIbmWvsNpXv.kmnIamb AhiXI A\p`hnp P\hn`mKv qanbpw s]j\pw \evIp

Xn\v Cu teJ I FXn c . Fm Hcp Khsa v BZ cn p Ibpw A\p jvTn p IbpwsNt Nne auenIXXz Dv. tIm{Kkv InXs B kwLS\bpsS AnhmcwXIpIbpw CybpsS sFIyhpw AJWvUXbpw AkmyamnopIbpw kzmX{y k acs ]pdtImp Xp Ibpw sNbvX Hcp kw` hns ]m fn Iv AXn tev {]Xnêw \evIn hobelfIv am\yXbpw AwKoImchpw kthm]cn t{]cWbpw {]tNmZ\bpw \evIn A\p{KlnpIbmWv Cu kw`mh\aqew sNbvsXXv mhnNcn{XImc tcJsSpntbmw.

ew A`bmnI

Hcp sImn\Iw kzmX{yw ssIhcpw, AXntep BZys Imhbv]v1921 BKv21se ae_melfbmbncpp. aqmgvNmew Bbp[ koIcntijw B Pnbnseamnfam Iem]amcw`np. {_nojv cWw Ahkm\npshpw X kzX{cmsWpap{]NcWn Ah hnizknp; Ah Jnem^v cmPyw m]np; Hcp cmPmhns\ IncoS[mcWw sNnp; kpeàmbn sImbpw sImebpw \Sn; aXwamm Iqmm lnpsfapgph \mSphntmSnp; DSpXpWnp adpXpWnbnmsX Fmw A]lcns , Hcp etmfwt] A`bmnIfmsp.(B\n_k v, "^yq s]mfnnIvkv C Cy' F {Kn\nv)

icnbmb kmap Zm bnI elf.... CtXmSpIqSn lnpsXncmb ]e A{Iafpw \Sm amnfam Xp\nbpIbpw

icnbmb Hcp kmapZmbnIelfbpsS apgph kz`mhfpw AXn\pmhpIbpw sNbvXp.(C.Fw.Fkv. \qXncnmSv, "tIcfw aebmfnIfpsS amXr`qan')

]cm{Iaw kv{XoIfnepwGgpamkw Kàp Hcp kv{XobpsS hb s]mnnfXn\m acn inip ]pdtp

sXdnph \nebn InSpXp Ip. asmcp kv{XobpsS amdp\npw Bdpamkw {]mbamb Hcp Ipns\ Xndnv cpXpambn shn\pdpn.

taemq cn Hcp Ipeo \ bmb \mbkv{Xo sb, Ah cpsS m hn sbpw ktlm Z c m cpsSbpw ssIIm ]nnsI n ASp p\nnsmv \ bm n. Ah t]Snp IpIAS tm hmap \sImv Ipn Ip Xp d nv Ah cpsS apnhp \S am\ w KsImWphm \n_nXcmn...

(tZh[m Ioj dntmn\nv)


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amnfelftbm kzmX{ykactam?

]n. ]c ta izc

amnfelfsbtm ae_mIem]satm AYhm shdpw Gd\mSv Iem]satm GXp t]cphn fn mepw icn, Hcp Ncn {X bm YmYyw A\n tj [ y am b h ti jn p p. AXv CXm Wv 1921\S elf Cy kzmX{ykacambncpn. Jnem^v kacns mKambnmWv AXvBcw`nsXpw, B kabv AXv {_nojpImsXncmbncppshpw kXnmw. ]t,{_nojpImsXncmbn Bcw`n {]tm`ambncpp F ImcWwsImpam{Xw, AXv Cy kzmX{ykacambn ]cnKWnsSmtam, NnntXpv. Hcp kacw Cy kzmX{ykacamIWsan, AXns ASnm\]camb t{]cW, CykzmX{yambncnWw. tZiobkzmX{yambncnWw, CybpsS kzmX{yn\pthn \Sp kacw BbncnWw.{_no jp Ims Xn cm IpI FXv ka c ns \ntj [m fl I mhw am{X am Wv. C y pthnbmbncnWw FXmWv ImXemb hiw. Jnem^v {]m\w, Cu am\ZWvUwhpt\mptm Cypthnbmbncpn. Cy{]iv\fpsS t]cnembncpn. AXn\mcmjv{SobkuIcyhmZm, cmjv{SobIhSm Fp]dmepw icn Jnem^v{]m\wCykzmX{bkacw Bbncpn.

cmwtemIalmbpn {_nojpImsXncmbn \n Xpnbnse Jmen^ns\ A[nIm c n\np ]pdw Xp Ibpw Xpn ]e Xmbn hn` Pnp Ibpw sNbvX {_nojv kmcns\Xncmbn temIsapw AebSnpb apowtm`ns Cybnse AebmbncppJnem^v {]tm`w. ]m Cmankns in{]IS\ambncpp AXv.

"Let Hindus not be frightened by Pan Islamism. Is is not, it need n

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