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Joost Berkhout, post doctoral researcher, department of political science. Mapping interest group populations. ECPR Summer School on Interest Group Politics. Contents. Group populations: so what? Knoke, and more State of the field; top-down vs bottom up Descriptive efforts: data challenges - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mapping interest group populationsECPR Summer School on Interest Group Politics
Joost Berkhout,
post doctoral researcher, department of political science
Joost Berkhout 2
Contents
Group populations: so what?
Knoke, and more State of the field; top-down vs bottom up Descriptive efforts: data challenges
Brulle et al, Halpin et al, Wonka et al Examining and explaining the EU population
Berkhout, Lowery, Messer (2/3 articles)
Joost Berkhout 3
Interest populations: So what?
Typical raw data Knoke (and others): who are in positions of
power? Links to stages in influence production process:
on strategies, policy success,
and organizational survival/maintenance. Lowery: theoretically interesting in itself
Joost Berkhout 4
Population data in your PhD project:
In your research:
As independent or dependent variable?
Of a specific (policy) sector or issue? Of a
specific type of organization? Comparing
countries? Snapshot or time-series? Research strategies?
Joost Berkhout 5
Top-down or bottom-up nature of registers (1):
Top-down: Priority to policy-related activities E.g. consultation lists, entry-registers (or other lobby
disclose rules), lobby offices Suitable for questions about strategies and
influence
Other activity-related sources: police registers on protest, newspaper coverage, negotiating actors in corporatist bargaining
Joost Berkhout 6
Top-down or bottom-up nature of registers (2):
Bottom-up: Priority to collective action E.g. directories of associations, formal
registers related to legal status (tax, commerce)
Suitable for questions about mobilisation and populations
Joost Berkhout 7
State of the field; top-down, policy perspective
US origin, recent EU, Scottish and comparative work
Common findings: Institutions numerically dominate Volatile / fluid: ‘political hibernation’, EU
tourists, policy amateurs Increase of ‘social interests’ Arena matters
Joost Berkhout 8
State of the field: bottom-up, collective action perspective
Studies of social movement organizations Common findings:
Cross-sector, cross-issue, cross guild
variation
Density dependence
Variation in political interest
Joost Berkhout 9
US environmental movement, Brulle et al.
About 100 years Required a large number of directories, ‘bottom
up’ Defined by aim: ‘organization that seeks to
bring about improvement of natural environment’ (257). And: exc.: representatives of ‘for profit’ or ‘government’ organizations
Joost Berkhout 10
Mapping Organised Interests, Halpin and Baxter
Consultation registers in Scotland. Support for:
Salisbury (1984): institutions dominate the system
Scholzman (2009): Fluid system, ‘non-political’ organizations briefly take ‘political’ roles
Joost Berkhout 11
EU data set by Wonka et al.
Snapshot of organizations seemingly active in the EU policy process in 2008
Combination of: Public Affairs Directory (Dod´s / Landmarks) EP register (from EP website) CONECCS (EC stopped in summer 2007,
started new register in 2008)
Joost Berkhout 12
The changing demography of the EU interest system since 1990 (1)
EUP, 11(3), 2010 Patched-up design
of multiple directories, 1996
Use of samples to estimate overlap
Joost Berkhout 13
The changing demography of the EU interest system since 1990 (2)
Findings: Growth in early nineties, then stability From end of nineties: Larger proportion of ‘public’
interests and change in organizational forms; think tanks, regional representations.
Joost Berkhout 14
Short-Term Volatility in the EU Interest Community
JEPP, 18(1), 2011 EP entry register (and a
bit of CONECCS), sample ‘Surprisingly volatile’ Typical age-distribution:
‘old bulls’ vs ‘tourists’
Joost Berkhout 15
The Density of the EU Interest System: A Test of the ESA Model
BJPS, forthcoming Variation in numbers of organizations per interest
guild explained by: Area (supply): Value added // potential
membership Energy (demand): legislation, consultation
Difficult empirical integration of social and economic interests; contrasting underlying mechanisms
Joost Berkhout 16
Figure 2: Predicted numbers of interest organizations by economic guild area size (indexed), based on Model 3
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Economic guild area size (indexed)
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Predicted values of Y, Model 3 Linear (Predicted values of Y, Model 3)Poly. (Predicted values of Y, Model 3)
Outlier: Banking, finance and insurance
Joost Berkhout 17
Figure 1: Predicted numbers of interest organizations by social guild area size (indexed), based on fully specified model
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Social guild area size (indexed)
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Predicted values of Y, full model Poly. (Predicted values of Y, full model)
Human rights, development
Health issues
Environment, animal rights Labor unions
Social welfare
Education, art, culture
Joost Berkhout 18
Recap: Population data in your PhD project:
In your research:
As independent or dependent variable?
Of a specific (policy) sector or issue? Of a
specific type of organization? Comparing
countries? Snapshot or time-series? Research strategies?