1).What is marijuana? Marijuana—also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of other slang terms—is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa—the hemp plant. Some users smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints; many use pipes, water pipes (sometimes called bongs), or marijuana cigars called blunts (often made by slicing open cigars and replacing some or all of the tobacco with marijuana).1 Marijuana can also be used to brew tea and, particularly when it is sold or consumed for medicinal purposes, is frequently mixed into foods ("edibles") such as brownies, cookies, or candies. In addition, concentrated resins containing high doses of marijuana’s active ingredients, including honey-like "hash oil," waxy "budder," and hard amber-like "shatter," are increasingly popular among both recreational and medical users.The main psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical in marijuana, responsible for most of the intoxicating effects sought by recreational users, is delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC). The chemical is found in resin produced by the leaves and buds primarily of the female cannabis plant. The plant also contains more than 500 other chemicals, including over 100 compounds that are chemically related to THC, called cannabinoids

2).Causes and effects of marijuana? f you’ve ever smoked a joint or eaten a pot-laced brownie, you’re hardly alone: More than 1 in 3 people in America have tried marijuana at one point in their lives. Though occasional use isn’t usually harmful, pot can affect your body and mind any time it gets into your system. Here’s what you need to know.Physical Effects Marijuana comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. It has an active ingredient called THC that makes you feel high. THC and other compounds in marijuana can also affect the way your body works.Most people smoke the plant's dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds. But marijuana can also be mixed into food (like brownies, cookies, and lollipops), brewed as a tea, or inhaled with a vaporizer.No matter how it gets into your system, it affects almost every organ in your body, and your nervous system and immune system, too. When you smoke pot, your body absorbs THC right away. (If you eat a baked good or another item, it may take much longer for your body to absorb THC, because it has to break down in your stomach before it enters your bloodstream). You may notice changes in your body right after you smoke. The effects usually stop after 3 or 4 hours.Smoking pot can increase your heart rate by as much as two times for up to 3 hours. That’s why some people have a heart attack right after they use marijuana. It can increase bleeding, lower blood pressure, and affect your blood sugar, too.We don’t yet know if marijuana is linked to higher odds of getting lung cancer. But the process does irritate your lungs -- which is why regular pot smokers are more likely to have an ongoing cough and to have lung-related health problems like chest colds and lung infections.Other physical effects of marijuana include:

Dizziness Shallow breathing Red eyes and dilated pupils Dry mouth Increased appetite Slowed reaction time (If you drive after using marijuana, your risk of being in a car accident more than

doubles.)If you’re a long-time user, you can have physical withdrawal symptoms -- like cravings, irritability, sleeplessness, and less appetite -- when you stop.

3).Why people use marijuana?

Marijuana is currently at the center of enormous debate and public policy making in the United States. Proponents of marijuana want to legalize the plant for medical purposes (marijuana is legal in many states), but opponents claim that weed is a dangerous, addictive gateway drug that poses significant health threats to users. But why smoke weed in the first place?We attempt to give voice to the debate by listing reasons why marijuana users use marijuana in the first place. And to ask you what you think about marijuana use: medicine or illicit high?

1. Marijuana as medicine.

2. For the effect of THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana .3. To relieve the stress, anxiety, fear, pain or anger related to personal, psychological or family 4. Popular culture endorses marijuana use.

Trusted HelplineHelp Available 24/71-888-978-1554PRIVACY GUARANTEED 5. Low perception of harm. 6. The opportunity to try marijuana presents itself. 7. Peer, family or role model influence.

8. People use marijuana because they were born with or develop certain personality dimensions, such as unconventionality, which make marijuana use non-taboo.

9. Curiosity.

10. To relax.

4). Why teenagers use marijuana?

Marijuana may have a reputation as a "gateway" to other drugs, but new research shows that the reason a teenager uses marijuana in the first place is an important factor in whether that person also uses other drugs.And it turns out that when a teen's reason for smoking pot is "to experiment," he or she is less likely to use other drugs.Researchers analyzed survey results from more than 6,000 high school seniors in the United States who all said theyhad used marijuana in the past year. The surveys also asked students questions about whether they used alcohol, as well as drugs such as crack, heroin, powder cocaine and hallucinogens. The researchers found that the teens who said they used marijuana to experiment were less likely to say theyhad used any other drugs, compared with teens who used marijuana for other reasons, such as out of boredom or to increase the effects of other drugs.They also found that the students who said they used marijuana to experiment were less likely to say they had recently used "hallucinogens other than LSD and narcotics other than heroin," the researchers wrote in their study. [11 Odd Facts About Marijuana]In contrast, the students who said they used marijuana because they were bored were more likely to say theyhad used powder cocaine, or hallucinogens other than LSD. And the teens who said they used marijuana "for insight or understanding" were also more likely to say they had used hallucinogens, excluding LSD, according to the study.The findings are important because they show that boredom is a risk factor for using marijuana and also for using other drugs, said Joseph Palamar, a co-author of the study and an assistant professor of population health at NYU Langone Medical Center. "Programs and education efforts, for example, can benefit from knowing that marijuana users who use because they are bored are more likely to use certain other drugs," Palamar said in a statement. "It may be feasible for prevention programs to address ways of coping with factors such as boredom in order to decrease risk."Perhaps not surprisingly, the teens who said they used marijuana "to increase the effects of other drugs," were also more likely to use other drugs, the researchers wrote in the study, which was published online June 26 in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.The most common reason that teens gave for using marijuana was "to feel good or get high," according to the study.The study also reported that surveys conducted in 2013 showed that nearly 1 in 2 high school seniors said they'd used pot at one point in their lives. Previous research has suggested that marijuana is less dangerous for health than narcotics like heroin,and is less likely than alcohol to lead to an overdose.

5).Where places people buy marijuana? love rooting for people that fight for social justice. Especially when their fight includes a David versus Goliath story, and marijuana. I have found my new favorite medical marijuana dispensary in Portland, Oregon. It’s called Panacea, and it’s located at 6714 NE Sandy Blvd. I had heard about Panacea for a little while now (they are about four months old), and everything I have heard was positive. I first heard about Panacea from my friends at Eclipse Farm-Ecology. I have the utmost respect for Eclipse because of how they put their ethics and carbon footprint

considerations above business. And their oil is really, really good. They only sell to like minded outlets, and Panacea is one that they work with.The next time I heard about Panacea was when my good friend Kaliko visited them. He had nothing but good things to say about them, and brought me back a sample of Strawberry Satori, which is one of their signature strains. That sample Kaliko gave me was so fantastic, that everyone I shared it with is still talking about it. I wrote a review about it if you want to check it out. Their flower is also the strain behind the Strawberry Satori CO2 vape pen cartridges made by True North Extracts, which I also reviewed and was outstanding. True North is another very reputable company, and so I knew that if they worked that closely with Panacea, there had to be something magical going on there.At a recent Women Grow event I ran into one of Panacea’s employees, and I asked her how she liked the dispensary. She was very quick to point out that she had worked at other dispensaries before, and that they were just all about the almighty dollar. She liked that Panacea was about patients first, social justice as a close second, and only after those things did profitability come into the equation. I kept seeing a common denominator every time I learned more about Panacea, that they were not like the average dispensary, so I decided it was time to check the place out for myself.When I got to Panacea, I was amazed at how beautiful their reception area was. The first thing that caught my eye was some panels hanging from the ceiling about a foot and a half away from the wall. As you walked past them at a particular distance, you could see hologram art (or holography as I was later told) on the panels. If you walked past them too close or too far away they were just see through. But if you were in the middle of the room you could see amazing designs that moved around in the panel. It’s my understanding that the artist that made them is now deceased, and that the pieces are only there for display for a limited time. There were also paintings by an artist called Amy Ponteri, and they were all very thought provoking. You can see pictures of the welcome lobby area below:

6).Where country marijuana use as legal?

The legality of cannabis for general or recreational use varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries as a result of the agreement about Indian hemp, also known as hashish, in the International Opium Convention (1925).[1] However, many countries have decriminalized the possession of small quantities of cannabis; see the list below.Some states in the US allow use of medical cannabis in state, territorial, Indian reservation, and Federal district laws, although the use is illegal by federal law. Federal agencies claim that federal law comes first.[2]As of 2015, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, India, Jamaica, Mexico, Spain, Uruguay, Germany, the Netherlands, North Korea, some U.S. states, indian reservations, and cities as well as some territories of Australia have the least restrictive cannabis laws while China, Egypt, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam have the strictest cannabis laws.[3][4]

7).Why people use marijuana in depressant personal problem?

o determine whether marijuana use predicts later development of depression after accounting for differences between users and non-users of marijuana.An ongoing longitudinal survey of 12 686 men and women beginning in 1979.The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1979, a nationally representative sample from the United States.A total of 8759 adults (age range 29-37 years) interviewed in 1994 had complete data on past-year marijuana use and current depression.Self-reported past-year marijuana use was tested as an independent predictor of later adult depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire. Individual's propensity to use marijuana was calculated using over 50 baseline covariates.Before adjusting for group differences, the odds of current depression among past-year marijuana users is 1.4 times higher (95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) than the odds of depression among the non-using comparison group. After adjustment, the odds of current depression among past-year marijuana users is only 1.1 times higher than the comparison group (95% CI: 0.8, 1.7). Similarly, adjustment eliminates significant associations between marijuana use and depression in four additional analyses: heavy marijuana use as the risk factor, stratifying by either gender or age, and using a 4-year lag-time between marijuana use and depression.

After adjusting for differences in baseline risk factors of marijuana use and depression, past-year marijuana use does not significantly predict later development of depression. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for understanding possible causal effects of marijuana use on depression. Marijuana use and depression among adults: Testing for causal associations. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6823359_Marijuana_use_and_depression_among_adults_Testing_for_causal_associations [accessed Jan 19, 2016].

8).MARIJUANA IS GOOD FOR CANCER?

It can help with prostate cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, brain cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and more. At the same time, it helps in alleviating symptoms that are associated with traditional cancer treatment such as nausea and vomiting. However, many people do not know this because the medical benefits of marijuana are overshadowed by its stigma. A Unique Healing CompoundMarijuana is also commonly known as Cannabis, and it comes from the hemp plant. The leaves, buds and flower of the plant contain a unique chemical known as cannabinol. This is the chemical compound found in marijuana from Royal Queen Seeds that is sought after for different medical applications.Cannabinol has the capability to switch off the gene that is responsible for the metastasis in many aggressive forms of cancer. At the same time, it does not have the psychoactive properties of the marijuana plant. It can prevent cancer in addition to reducing insulin dependent diabetes by 58 percent and heart attacks by 66 percent. Supporting the FindingsThe capability of Cannabinol is supported by a recent study conducted in Spain. A Spanish medical team conducted tests in order to see whether glioblastoma multiforme cancer can be stopped from growing by cutting off its blood supply through the use of medical marijuana. lio blastoma multiforme cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. It often does not respond to conventional cancer treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The scientists knew that using medical marijuana will block the steady growth of blood vessels in a mouse. However, they wanted to know whether the same thing could happen in a human patient.The results were simply outstanding. The genes that are associated with blood vessel growth in a tumor by producing a chemical known as the vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF had their activity greatly reduced. Cannabinol stops VGEF production by producing a compound called Ceramide that controls cell death. This finding also provided a novel pharmacological target for the use of Aside from treating one of the most difficult cancers, it is shown to be highly effective in treating nonmelanoma cancer. Nonmelanoma cancer is considered to be one of the most common malignancies found in humans. Given the growth-inhibiting effects of cannabinol on gliomas along with the wide tissue distribution of the two types of cannaboid receptors, scientists have studied the potential capability of these compounds in skin cancer tumor therapy. Once again, the results were outstanding. Cannabinol receptor activation causes skin tumor cell apoptosis. At the same time, it decreases the viability of the tumor-causing epidermal cell lines. The study also shows that it can decrease EGF-R activation in a skin tumor. EGF-R is a cancer compound that plays a vital role in causing the angiogenic switch needed for skin tumor growth.Due to these findings, cancer patients can benefit from the use of medical marijuana from Royal Queen Seeds as an alternative cancer treatment. At the same time, there are a wide range of benefits that a cancer patient can obtain when using it. One of these is that it helps people regain their appetite. Both radiation and chemotherapy affect a cancer patient’s sense of both smell and taste. This can often make a

patient want absolutely nothing that has to do with food. In order to get better, a cancer patient needs to eat a healthy diet. Cannabinol, the main ingredient in cannabis, has proven time and time again to increase a cancer patient’s appetite in addition to their sense of taste and smell. Another important health benefit of medical marijuana is that it helps decrease pain in cancer. The treatments that are used in cancer are often not pleasant. The majority of patients experience severe pain while their body is waging a war against the disease. Using medical marijuana can help ease that pain.Not Knowing These FactsAlthough these facts have been widely circulated across the United States medical society, many people and general practitioners do not know about the benefits of using medical marijuana in the fight against cancer. The main reason is that no single study has been acknowledged by the American government. They also reason that medical marijuana cannot be subjected to well-controlled and careful trials because it does not come in the form of a reproducible, standard dose or formula. With this, it cannot meet the government’s accepted standards for quality, potency and drug purity. However, other health care services around the world choose to ignore these simple facts. The Israeli Health Ministry, for example, formally acknowledges the therapeutic capabilities of medical marijuana. At the same time, it formulated guidelines to more effectively implement the state-sponsored distribution and production of medical marijuana. It also estimates that 40,000 cancer patients will eventually have full access to medical marijuana once the program is fully implemented. In short, medical marijuana has lots of benefits for cancer patients.

9)WHAT TREATMAENT USE IN A PEOPLE USE MARIJUANA?

Marijuana addiction appears to be very similar to other substance use disorders, although the long-term clinical outcomes may be less severe. On average, adults seeking treatment for marijuana use disorders have used marijuana nearly every day for more than 10 years and have attempted to quit more than six times.61 People with marijuana use disorders, especially adolescents, often also suffer from other psychiatric disorders (comorbidity).62 They may also abuse or be addicted to other substances, such as cocaine or alcohol. Available studies indicate that effectively treating the mental health disorder with standard treatments involving medications and behavioral therapies may help reduce marijuana use, particularly among heavy users and those with more chronic mental disorders. The following behavioral treatments have shown promise:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy: A form of psychotherapy that teaches people strategies to identify and correct problematic behaviors in order to enhance self-control, stop drug use, and address a range of other problems that often co-occur with them.

Contingency management: A therapeutic management approach based on frequent monitoring of the target behavior and the provision (or removal) of tangible, positive rewards when the target behavior occurs (or does not).

Motivational enhancement therapy: A systematic form of intervention designed to produce rapid, internally motivated change; the therapy does not attempt to treat the person, but rather mobilize their own internal resources for change and engagement in treatment.

Currently, no medications are indicated for the treatment of marijuana use disorder, but research is active in this area. Because sleep problems feature prominently in marijuana withdrawal, some studies are examining the effectiveness of medications that aid in sleep. Medications that have shown promise in early studies or small clinical trials include the sleep aid zolpidem (Ambien®), an anti-anxiety/anti-stress medication called buspirone (BuSpar®), and an anti-epileptic drug called gabapentin (Horizant®, Neurontin®) that may improve sleep and, possibly, executive function. Other agents being studied include the nutritional supplement N-acetylcysteine and chemicals called FAAH inhibitors, which may reduce withdrawal by inhibiting the breakdown of the body’s own cannabinoids. Future directions include the study of substances called allosteric modulators that interact with cannabinoid receptors to inhibit THC’s rewarding effects.

10). Marijuana is legal in the Philippines?

ALACAÑANGM a n i l a

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1708

AMENDING PARAGRAPH (i), Sec. 2 OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SIXTY-FOUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE "DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972", AS

AMENDED

WHEREAS, the volume of marijuana apprehended by law enforcement officers and men appears to confirm the observation that the illegal growing, cultivation and production of marijuana plants remain unchecked;

WHEREAS, law enforcement agencies tasked with the enforcement of the Dangerous Drugs Act claim that the proliferation of "Marijuana plantations" is mainly attributable to the failure of the Dangerous Drugs Act to penalize the possession of marijuana seeds which are the very source of marijuana plants;

WHEREAS, the view that the Dangerous Drugs Act fails to penalize the possession of marijuana seeds has been confirmed by the Court of Appeals in its decision in the Moises Padua case which, in acquitting the accused, rules that the seeds or marijuana are not embraced in the definition of "Indian Hemp" as provided in the said act;

WHEREAS, it is imperative that the possession of marijuana seeds be penalized to provide a deterrent to, or check the proliferation of "marijuana plantations".

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and decree as follows:

Section 1. Sec. 2(i) of Republic Act Numbered sixty-four hundred and twenty-five, as amended, is hereby amended to read as follows:

"(i) "Indian Hemp"-otherwise known as "Marijuana" embraces every kind and class of the plant cannabis sativa L., including cannabis americana, hashhish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and embraces every kind, class and character of Indian Hemp, whether dried or fresh, flowering or fruiting tops of the pistillate plant, SEEDS THEREOF, and all its geographic varieties whether as a reefer, resin, extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever".

Sec. 2. This Decree shall take effect immediately.

Done in the City of Manila, this 8th day of August, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty.

Research Paper in English

Topic: Marijuana

Reference: Internet

Jaymar V. Budy

9-Frugality (7)

Mrs.Nerves