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MAROON-X:Detec.ngEarth-sizeplanetsinthehabitablezonesof
mid-tolate-Mdwarfs
JacobBeanUniversityofChicago
Primary science driver: RVfollow-up of transi9ng, temperate,and terrestrial planets that arefeasible targets for atmosphericspectroscopy.Goal:σ=1ms-1in30minforalateMdwarfat20pc(V=17.0).Approach: a highly-stabilized,fiber-fedspectrographcovering500–900nm at R=80k with simultaneouscalibra9onfeedandpupilslicing.Currently: Spectrograph deliveredto Chicago November 2016; furtherintegra9on and tes9ng ongoing;commissioningin4thquarter2018.
NewRadialVelocityInstrumentforMDwarfsatGemini-N
SeeSeifahrt+2016aforanoverview
MAROON-X:Who?
JacobBeanThesuit
AndreasSeifahrtResearchscien9standlabmanager
JulianStürmerPostdocsinceMay2015
LeonardodosSantosFormervisi9ngstudentfromBrazil
ThankstoformerundergradsAdamSutherlandandKatrinaMiller!
EmilyGilbertGraduatestudent
BenMontetSaganFellowsince2016
Transi9ngExoplanetSurveySatellite
NASAExplorerMission,2018–2020Searching200,000+starsover90%oftheskyWilldiscoverhundredsofsub-Joviansizeplanetsidealforatmosphericcharacteriza9onRicker+2015
Sullivan+2015BasedonKeplersta9s9csfromDressing&Charbonneau2015
MAROON-X:Why(onalargetelescope)?
TESSYieldSimula9ons
Sullivan+2015BasedonKeplersta9s9csfromDressing&Charbonneau2015
--GJ1214valuesinred--Reminder:HARPSRVsofGJ1214yield3.5ms-1precisionin45min.
MAROON-X:Why(onalargetelescope)?
TESSYieldSimula9ons
Limita9onsofCRIRES+NH3cellapproach
• Telluric line contamination
• Small spectral coverage • Lack of image scrambling • Instrument not stabilized • Gas cell calibration imperfect and inefficient • K-band (2.3µm) not at the peak of the SED, nor the max
RV information content
TowardsNewInstruments:OtherIssues• Detectors: CCD vs hybrid CMOS
• Size • Cost • Operating temperature • Read out noise • Dark current • Oddities
• Instrument temperature • Fiber modal noise • Calibration • Use of AO • Heritage • Sky background
Green:advantageop9calOrange:advantageNIR
calcula;onsbenchmarkedonrealspectra
MAROON-X:WavelengthCoverage
Seealso:Reiners+2010,Rodler+2011,Bonom+2013,Figueira+2016
Seifahrt+2016a
MAROON-X:KiwispecR4-100
Timeline:• June2014–PDR(thankstoAndySzentgyorgyi&FrancescoPepe!)• July2015–Signedcontractforpurchaseofsinglearmspectrograph• August2015–FDR• September2016–Finalintegra9onandfirstlightinthelab• January2017–Installa9onofspectrographinU.Chicagolab• Late2018–CommissioningatGemini
1.2m2.1m
MAROON-X:PupilSlicer
GZ470476ZAC j-fiber Jena 1 von 1
GZ470476ZAC_PROTOCOL_GEOMETRY.DOC
fiber length : 15 m core dimensions : 57 x 146,6 µm² cladding diameter : 299,6 µm coating diameter : 382 µm
a b c
d f
50#x#150#μm#fiber#
e
cylindrical#microlens#array#with#624#μm#pitch#
Seifahrt+2016b
Foranastronomicalspectrograph:
R:spectralresolvingpowerd:beamdiameteronthegra9ngθ:incidenceangles:skyprojectedslitsizeD:diameterofthetelescope
MAROON-X:FiberCharacteriza9on
Sutherland+2016
Classicalscramblinggainmetric:
dinput:shisofimageatthefiberinputdoutput:shisoftheimageatthefiberoutputDinput:fibersizeDoutput:near-fieldimagesize
MAROON-X:FiberCharacteriza9on
Sutherland+2016
*New*scramblinggainmetric:
doutput:shisoftheimageatthefiberoutputDinput:fibersize
skyfiber
3xslicedstellarspectra
simultaneouscalibra9onfiber
Oneechelleorder
Simula9onbyJulianStürmer
MAROON-X:SpectrumSimulator